FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kalosakas, G Ngai, KL Flach, S AF Kalosakas, G Ngai, KL Flach, S TI Breather-induced anomalous charge diffusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR LATTICES; DISCRETE BREATHERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DNA DENATURATION; DISORDERED DNA; MODEL; DYNAMICS; POLYACETYLENE; TRANSCRIPTION; LOCALIZATION AB We present results on the diffusive motion of a charge interacting with the nonlinear dynamics of a thermalized underlying lattice. Signatures of anomalous diffusive properties are found at relatively high temperatures, where highly nonlinear excitations are present. A sublinear diffusion and a plateau appear before the standard long-time diffusion during the evolution of the mean-squared displacement and a significant degree of heterogeneity is exhibited among individual trajectories. Both properties are connected with the existence of vibrational hot spots (breather or multibreather excitations). Transport parameters of the charge are strongly affected in this case, as can be exemplified by the significant suppression of the diffusion coefficient D. The variation of D with temperature follows a stretched exponential law. The results are contrasted with those of the linearized case, in the absence of breathers. Such anomalous diffusion of a charge coupled to a thermalized lattice may be relevant in low-dimensional soft materials with strong anharmonicities, such as biomolecules, conducting polymers, etc. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RI Flach, Sergej/J-7047-2013; Kalosakas, George/L-6211-2013 OI Kalosakas, George/0000-0001-7763-718X NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 061901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.061901 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942HW UT WOS:000230274500051 PM 16089759 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL Kepple, P Dasgupta, A Clark, RW AF Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL Kepple, P Dasgupta, A Clark, RW TI Dynamics of a Xe cluster plasma produced by an intense ultrashort pulse KrF laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; DEUTERIUM CLUSTERS; IONIZATION; EXPLOSIONS; FIELDS AB The dynamics of Xe clusters with initial radius between 10 and 100 angstrom irradiated by an IR subpicosecond laser pulse is investigated. The evolution of the cluster is modeled with a relativistic time-dependent three-dimensional particle simulation model. The focus of this investigation is to understand the energy absorption of clusters and how the absorbed energy is distributed among the various degrees of freedom. The consequence of the initial cluster radius on the absorbed energy, average charge per atom, mean electron and ion energies, ionization, removal of electrons from the cluster, and cluster expansion was studied. The absorbed energy per cluster scales as N-5/3, and the mean electron and ion energies scale as N-1/3 and N-2/3, respectively (N is the number of atoms per cluster). A significant fraction of the absorbed energy (similar to 90%) is converted into kinetic energy with comparable contribution to electrons and ions. The energy balance suggests that smaller clusters are more efficient as radiators, while larger clusters are more conducive to particle acceleration. The radiation yield of clusters with initial radius 20-50 angstrom irradiated by a laser with peak intensity 10(16) W/cm(2) is determined to be 1%-2%. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 063103 DI 10.1063/1.1928367 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400058 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Feldman, U Holland, GE Weaver, JL Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Lehmberg, R Kjornarattanawanich, B Back, CA AF Seely, JF Feldman, U Holland, GE Weaver, JL Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Lehmberg, R Kjornarattanawanich, B Back, CA TI Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultraviolet spectra in the 150-250-nm range from plasmas generated by the NIKE KrF laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE AB High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra were recorded from plasmas generated by the NIKE KrF laser for the purpose of observing emission from the two-plasmon decay instability (TPDI) at 2/3 the NIKE wavelength (165 nm). The targets were irradiated by up to 43 overlapping beams with intensity up to approximate to 10(14) W/cm(2) and with beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence (ISI). The targets consisted of planar foils of CH, BN, Al, Si, S, Ti, Pd, and Au. Titanium-doped silica aerogels in Pyrex cylinders were also irradiated. The spectra of the target elements were observed from charge states ranging from the neutral atoms to five times ionized. The spectrometer was absolutely calibrated using synchrotron radiation, and absolute VUV plasma emission intensities were determined. Emission from the TPDI at 165-nm wavelength was not observed from any of the irradiated targets. An upper bound on the possible TPDI emission was less than 4x10(-8) the incident NIKE laser energy. The NIKE laser radiation backscattered from the silica aerogel targets at 248 nm was typically 6x10(-6) the incident NIKE laser energy, and the spectral broadening corresponded to the 1-THz bandwidth of the ISI smoothing. The spectra from the moderately charged plasma ions (up to five times ionized), spectral linewidths, absolute continuum emission level, and slope of the continuum were consistent with plasma temperatures in the 100-300-eV range. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Space Res Associates, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062701 DI 10.1063/1.1920328 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400046 ER PT J AU Lean, J AF Lean, J TI Living with a variable sun SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; DROUGHT; EARTH C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1063/1.1996472 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500021 ER PT J AU Finkel, SE Ernst, HR AF Finkel, SE Ernst, HR TI Civic education in post-apartheid South Africa: Alternative paths to the development of political knowledge and democratic values SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English Estonian DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Political-Science-Association CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Polit Sci Assoc DE civic education; democratic values; civic competence; political knowledge; South Africa ID SCHOOL; PARTICIPATION; SOCIALIZATION; INFORMATION; ATTITUDES; SCIENCE AB Despite the proliferation of civic education programs in the emerging democracies of Latin America, Africa, and Eastern Europe, there have been few recent evaluations of the effectiveness of civics instruction in achieving changes in democratic orientations among student populations. We present findings from a study conducted in 1998 that examined the impact of democratic civic education among South African high school students. Using a battery of items to gauge democratic orientations, including measures of political knowledge, civic duty, tolerance, institutional trust, civic skills, and approval of legal forms of political participation, we find that civic education had the largest effects on political knowledge, with the magnitude of the effect being approximately twice as large as the recent Niemi and Junn (1998) finding for the United States. Exposure to civic education per se had weaker effects on democratic values and skills; for these orientations, what matters are specific factors related to the quality of instruction and the use of active pedagogical methods employed by civics instructors. Further, we find that civic education changed the structure of students' orientations: a "democratic values" dimension coalesces more strongly, and in greater distinction, from a "political competence" dimension among students exposed to civic education than among those with no such training. We discuss the implications of the findings for our theoretical understanding of the role of civic education in fostering democratic attitudes, norms, and values, as well as the practical implications of the results for the implementation and funding of civic education programs in developing democracies in the future. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Polit, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Finkel, SE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Polit, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 333 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00421.x PG 32 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 925EL UT WOS:000229034200001 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Escoffier, RP Lacasse, RJ O'Neil, K Ford, JM Ransom, SM Anderson, SB Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Kulkarni, SR AF Kaplan, DL Escoffier, RP Lacasse, RJ O'Neil, K Ford, JM Ransom, SM Anderson, SB Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Kulkarni, SR TI The Green Bank Telescope Pulsar Spigot SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; DISCOVERY; SEARCH AB We describe the design, implementation, and usage of a new facility pulsar search and timing instrument for the 100 m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). This instrument, known as the Pulsar Spigot, makes use of the extremely flexible digital correlator at the GBT to perform rapid autocorrelations ( as fast as 2.56 mu s) across wide bandwidths ( up to 800 MHz) with large numbers of lags ( up to 4096), using as many as four simultaneous frequency bands. Successful observations using this instrument have been conducted over the past year and have already resulted in a number of newly discovered pulsars and detailed studies of individual pulsars. C1 CALTECH 105 24, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Ctr Technol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), CALTECH 105 24, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dlk@space.mit.edu; rescoffi@nrao.edu; rlacasse@nrao.edu; koneil@nrao.edu; jford@nrao.edu; sransom@nrao.edu; sba@srl.caltech.edu; cordes@astro.cornell.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; srk@astro.caltech.edu OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714 NR 18 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 832 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1086/430368 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CL UT WOS:000229531700008 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Casalini, R TI Supercooled dynamics of glass-forming liquids and polymers under hydrostatic pressure SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; EQUATION-OF-STATE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION-TIME; FREE-VOLUME THEORY; LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; VISCOUS SLOWING-DOWN; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; ADAM-GIBBS MODEL; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; BAND DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY AB An intriguing problem in condensed matter physics is understanding the glass transition, in particular the dynamics in the equilibrium liquid close to vitrification. Recent advances have been made by using hydrostatic pressure as an experimental variable. These results are reviewed, with an emphasis in the insight provided into the mechanisms underlying the relaxation properties of glass-forming liquids and polymers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. George Mason Univ, Chem Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 451 TC 393 Z9 393 U1 7 U2 72 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1478 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R03 PG 74 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952LV UT WOS:000231005900003 ER PT J AU Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Weber, BV Bayol, F Cadiergues, R AF Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Weber, BV Bayol, F Cadiergues, R TI Current multiplier to improve generator-to-load coupling for pulse-power generators SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB The load inductance, L-d, can be several times smaller than that of the pulsed power generator, L-0, limiting the energy transfer efficiency. We define a relatively simple circuit modification, which improves the generator-to-load coupling, multiplying the load current in the case of interest, where L-0> L-d. The suggested circuit modification operates similarly to an N:1 transformer and it can be designed to operate in vacuum with pulsed-power loads at high currents (many megaamperes). The current multiplier requires an additional volume having high self inductance, L, connected through convolutes to the generator and load. In its simplest configuration, N=2, a single convolute is required. The presented analysis shows that the efficiency of the proposed current multiplication scheme can theoretically exceed the values for a typical direct load-to-generator circuit. The modified hardware allows an increase of the load current by the factor of I-d/I-g=NL/(L+L-d), where I-g represents the generator current and L can be easily made much greater than L-d either with or without the use of magnetic cores. The only uncertainties of this approach are potential convolute losses and the slight increase in load current rise time. Preliminary experimental tests were performed with a scaled down configuration which demonstrated current gain of 1.7 in the frequency range of interest and showed good agreement between analytically predicted and measured currents. The benefit of the scheme is also illustrated by simple circuit simulations for two types of potential applications requiring high power densities in vacuum: isentropic compression studies with L-d=constant loads, and imploding z-pinch research with dynamic [L-d(t)] loads. The proposed device is applicable for improving the characteristics of existing and future pulse power facilities. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Etudes Gramat, F-46500 Gramat, France. RP Chuvatin, AS (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM chuvatin@lptp.polytechnique.fr NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063501 DI 10.1063/1.1928450 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000053 ER PT J AU Sanders, T AF Sanders, T TI Festschrift for Terence Emmons - Introduction SO RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sanders, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES SCHLACKS JR PUBL PI LOS ANGELES PA CTR MULTIETHNIC & TRANS STUD UNIV SOUTHERN CALIF KERCKHOFF HALL/734 W. ADAMS BD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-7724 USA SN 0094-288X J9 RUSS HIST-HIST RUSS JI Russ. Hist.-Hist. Russe PD SUM PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 955CH UT WOS:000231201900001 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Merrick, EC Trammell, SA Chinowsky, TM Shenoy, DK AF Anderson, GP Merrick, EC Trammell, SA Chinowsky, TM Shenoy, DK TI Simplified avidin-biotin mediated antibody attachment for a surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; surface plasmon resonance; biosensor; self-assembled monolayer ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIBER-OPTIC SENSOR; PROTEIN; GOLD; FUNCTIONALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; PERFORMANCE; BACTERIAL; LAYER AB The purpose of this research was to develop a reliable and simple method to prepare antibody coated gold surfaces to perform immunoassays on a wavelength interrogated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The gold sensor surface was treated with a commercial disulfide-biotin molecule and NeutrAvidin-a useful biomolecule for both immobilizing biotinylated antibodies and passivating the surface against non-specific binding. This protocol, utilizing simple self assembled monolayers, was both effective and recyclable. The effectiveness of the protocol was tested by performing immunoassays for IgG, Staphylcoccol entertoxin B, ricin, and Bacillus globigii spores. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ganderson@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1166/sl.2005.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004QE UT WOS:000234766500008 ER PT J AU Rice, J Philbin, N Arnaud, F Dong, F Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Rice, J Philbin, N Arnaud, F Dong, F Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D TI HBOC-201 resuscitation in a severe swine hemorrhagic shock model simulating combat casualties with delayed evacuation SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 04-07, 2005 CL Marco Isl, FL C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 SU 3 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 928DU UT WOS:000229252100057 ER PT J AU Skufca, JD AF Skufca, JD TI k workers in a circular warehouse: A random walk on a circle, without passing SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE generalized random walks; Markov chains; self-converse AB We consider the problem of stochastic flow of multiple particles traveling on a closed loop, with a constraint that particles move without passing. We use a Markov chain description that reduces the problem to a generalized random walk on a hyperplane (with boundaries). By expressing positions via a moving reference frame, the geometry of the no-passing criteria is greatly simplified, with the resultant condition expressible as the coordinate system planes which bound the first orthant. To determine state transition probabilities; we decompose transitions into independent events and construct; a digraph representation in which calculating transition probability is reduced to a shortest path determination on the digraph. The resultant decomposition digraph is self-converse, and we exploit that property to establish the necessary symmetries to find the stationary density for the process. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Skufca, JD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM skufca@maxinter.net NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 301 EP 314 DI 10.1137/S0036144503432011 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 928UR UT WOS:000229297700004 ER PT J AU Crane, PC AF Crane, PC TI Two unusual episodes of approximate to 13-day variations - II. Implications for the solar radio flux density, F-10.7 cm SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-X-RAY; ACTIVE REGIONS; CYCLE VARIATION; TIME-SERIES; EMISSION; CORONA; WAVELENGTHS; COMPONENT AB Additional analysis of the behavior of the international sunspot number (R) series and the solar radio flux density (F-10.7 cm) series during two long (250-500 days) and distinct episodes of persistent approximate to 13-day variations (Crane, Solar Phys. 1998, 253, 177) is reported. The conclusion is that while the center-to-limb behavior of R does not change between solar minimum and solar maximum, F-10.7 cm exhibits significantly less limb brightening at solar maximum than at solar minimum. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Workman Ctr 325, Dept Phys, Naval Res Lab,Remote Sensing Div, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Crane, PC (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Workman Ctr 325, Dept Phys, Naval Res Lab,Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM patrick.crane@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 229 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-4108-5 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983QF UT WOS:000233246500011 ER PT J AU Gheissari, A Nasr, V AF Gheissari, A Nasr, V TI The conservative consolidation in Iran SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article ID DEBATE AB Over the past eight years, Iran's conservative leadership has effectively tightened its hold on power, thwarting attempts at political reform. It has centralised decision-making, strengthened the Revolutionary Guard, invested in new strategic weapons, built ties of patronage and effectively used economic levers to assert control. The conservatives' consolidation of power now constitutes the framework of Iran's power politics, which will in turn determine the nature and scope of internal political developments after the 2005 presidential elections, the country's response to outside pressures regarding the nuclear issue, and the kind of government which is likely to evolve in the Islamic Republic. C1 Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gheissari, A (reprint author), Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD SUM PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 175 EP + DI 10.1080/00396330500156701 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 941EU UT WOS:000230198900008 ER PT J AU Bolin, AU Khramtsova, I Saarnio, D AF Bolin, AU Khramtsova, I Saarnio, D TI Using student journals to stimulate authentic learning: Balancing bloom's cognitive and affective domains SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Society CY MAY 27-30, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Psychol Soc ID PSYCHOLOGY AB Bloom (1956) pioneered the measurement of learning outcomes with a taxonomy of educational objectives, but educators often ignore affective learning objectives and focus on attaining cognitive objectives. This study examined student journals as a way to correct the overemphasis on cognitive objectives. Results suggested that course expectations and affective journal outcomes were important correlates of student evaluations of course outcomes even after controlling for the instructor, student gender, and student achievement. These findings have important implications for the use of student journals and for interventions aimed at increasing student evaluations of course outcomes. C1 USN, Human Performance Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Bolin, AU (reprint author), USN, Human Performance Ctr, 446 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aaron.bolin@navy.mil NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1207/s15328023top3203_3 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 949TD UT WOS:000230810100003 ER PT J AU Young, GS Sikora, TN Winstead, NS AF Young, GS Sikora, TN Winstead, NS TI Use of synthetic aperture radar in finescale surface analysis of synoptic-scale fronts at sea SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GRAVITY-CURRENT; GULF-STREAM; LIFE-CYCLE; WIND-SPEED; COLD-FRONT; AIR-FLOW AB The viability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a tool for finescale marine meteorological surface analyses of synoptic-scale fronts is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that SAR can reveal the presence of, and the mesoscale and microscale substructures associated with, synoptic-scale cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded fronts, and secluded fronts. The basis for these findings is the analysis of some 6000 RADARSAT-1 SAR images from the Gulf of Alaska and from off the east coast of North America. This analysis yielded 158 cases of well-defined frontal signatures: 22 warm fronts, 37 cold fronts, 3 stationary fronts, 32 occluded fronts, and 64 secluded fronts. The potential synergies between SAR and a range of other data sources are discussed for representative fronts of each type. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Young, GS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM young@ems.psu.edu NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1175/WAF853.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FD UT WOS:000230199800006 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Bhoyrul, S Brunson, ME Vierra, MA Swadia, ND AF Antevil, JL Bhoyrul, S Brunson, ME Vierra, MA Swadia, ND TI Safe and rapid laparoscopic access - a new approach SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; TROCAR; SURGERY; ENTRY AB Despite numerous recent technical advances in minimally invasive surgical technique, the potential exists for serious morbidity during initial laparoscopic access. Safe access depends on adhering to well-recognized principles of trocar insertion, knowledge of abdominal anatomy, and recognition of hazards imposed by previous surgery. Applying these principles, we describe a safe, rapid, and cost-effective technique for laparoscopic access using readily available instruments. This technique emphasizes identification and incision of the point at which the midline abdominal fascia is fused with the base of the umbilicus, and the importance of the application of countertraction directly at the point of insertion. This method allows penetration under direct vision with minimal controlled axial force, and without the requirement for fascia] sutures or other cumbersome aspects of the traditional open technique. While previous reports describe techniques for laparoscopic access entry based on similar anatomic and surgical principles, we describe an alternative method not yet discussed in the surgical literature. C1 Scripps Clin, Dept Gen Surg, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Surg Grp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. SIMIT, Baroda 390001, Gujarat, India. RP Bhoyrul, S (reprint author), Scripps Clin, Dept Gen Surg, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sbhoyrul@scrippsclinic.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 800 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00268-005-7730-3 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 942VL UT WOS:000230310900023 PM 15895194 ER PT J AU Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ Park, K Zachariah, MR AF Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ Park, K Zachariah, MR TI Surface passivation of bare aluminum nanoparticles using perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; ADSORPTION; AL(111); COMBUSTION; SILVER; DECOMPOSITION; COPPER AB Surface passivation of unpassivated Al nanoparticles has been realized using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Nanoscale Al particles were prepared in solution by catalytic decomposition of H3Al center dot NMe3 or H3Al center dot N(Me)Pyr by Ti((OPr)-Pr-i)(4) and coated in situ using a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid SAM. Because the Al particles are prepared using wet chemistry techniques and coated in solution, they are free of oxygen passivation. This SAM coating passivates the aluminum and appears to prevent the oxidation of the particles in air and renders the composite material, to some extent, soluble in polar organic solvents such as diethyl ether. Characterization data including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of prepared materials are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, CNER, UMPC, NIST,Co Lab NanoParticle Based Mfg & Metrol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM jouetrj@ih.navy.mil RI Park, Kihong/F-8366-2011 NR 35 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2987 EP 2996 DI 10.1021/cm048264y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000028 ER PT J AU Ecker, DJ Sampath, R Blyn, LB Eshoo, MW Ivy, C Ecker, JA Libby, B Samant, V Sannes-Lowery, KA Melton, RE Russell, K Freed, N Barrozo, C Wu, JG Rudnick, K Desai, A Moradi, E Knize, DJ Robbins, DW Hannis, JC Harrell, PM Massire, C Hall, TA Jiang, Y Ranken, R Drader, JJ White, N McNeil, JA Crooke, ST Hofstadler, SA AF Ecker, DJ Sampath, R Blyn, LB Eshoo, MW Ivy, C Ecker, JA Libby, B Samant, V Sannes-Lowery, KA Melton, RE Russell, K Freed, N Barrozo, C Wu, JG Rudnick, K Desai, A Moradi, E Knize, DJ Robbins, DW Hannis, JC Harrell, PM Massire, C Hall, TA Jiang, Y Ranken, R Drader, JJ White, N McNeil, JA Crooke, ST Hofstadler, SA TI Rapid identification and strain-typing of respiratory pathogens for epidemic surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genotyping; group A streptococci; infectious disease; Streptococcus pyogenes; pneumonia ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-SEQUENCES; PCR PRODUCTS; PYOGENES; CLONE AB Epidemic respiratory infections are responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality within both military and civilian populations. We describe a high-throughput method to simultaneously identify and genotype species of bacteria from complex mixtures in respiratory samples. The process uses electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and base composition analysis of PCR amplification products from highly conserved genomic regions to identify and determine the relative quantity of pathogenic bacteria present in the sample. High-resolution genotyping of specific species is achieved by using additional primers targeted to highly variable regions of specific bacterial genomes. This method was used to examine samples taken from military recruits during respiratory disease outbreaks and for follow up surveillance at several military training facilities. Analysis of respiratory samples revealed high concentrations of pathogenic respiratory species, including Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. When S. pyogenes was identified in samples from the epidemic site, the identical genotype was found in almost all recruits. This analysis method will provide information fundamental to understanding the polymicrobial nature of explosive epidemics of respiratory disease. C1 ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Div, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ecker, DJ (reprint author), ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Div, 1891 Rutherford Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM decker@isisph.com NR 25 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 22 BP 8012 EP 8017 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409920102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932CE UT WOS:000229531000042 PM 15911764 ER PT J AU Neupane, PP Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD Rafaelle, RP Landi, BJ AF Neupane, PP Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD Rafaelle, RP Landi, BJ TI Proton irradiation effect on single-wall carbon nanotubes in a poly(3-octylthiophene) matrix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS AB Proton irradiation effects on interband transitions in single-wall carbon nanotubes matrixed in poly(3-octylthiophene) were investigated. The interband transitions were measured using an optical absorption technique. Two interband transitions were observed, at 0.71 and 1.28 eV in a sample that was subject to 2 MeV proton irradiation to fluences ranging between 5.0x10(10) cm(-2) and 5.6x10(15) cm(-2). The optical absorption spectra were collected after cooling the sample to 10 K. The total integrated areas of the two transitions were monitored as a function of proton fluence. The results indicate that proton irradiation to fluences as high as 5.6x10(15) cm(-2) has little effect on the interband transitions in carbon nanotubes. However, small radiation-related degradation has been observed as judged by the broadening of the interband transition spectra and by the reduction of the radial breathing mode intensity observed by Raman scattering. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3217, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Nano Power Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Neupane, PP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3217, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM manasreh@engr.uark.edu NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221908 DI 10.1063/1.1940721 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100020 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, YQ Zhang, X Wetteland, CJ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Mayer, JW AF Shao, L Wang, YQ Zhang, X Wetteland, CJ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Mayer, JW TI Optimized energy window of He beams for accurate determination of depth in channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STOPPING-POWER; SI CRYSTALS; IONS; SPECTRA AB We propose a method to improve accurate determination of damage/impurity depth profiles by channeling Rutherford backscattering by using He-4(+) beams in an energy window of 400-800 keV. This is based on the study of the stopping power of He-4(+) ions as a function of incident energy along the Si < 100 > axis, which shows that the channeling stopping power within the above energy window is close to the random stopping power. Experiments on 100 nm deep Sb-doped Si superlattices show that the approach significantly reduces the error in determining the depth location of Sb, for example, from 8% by using 2-MeV He-4(+) to 1% by using 600-keV He-4(+) ions. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221913 DI 10.1063/1.1941454 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100025 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL AF Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL TI Optical properties of multilayer metal-dielectric nanofilms with all-evanescent modes SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; CRYSTALS; SURFACE; FINITE AB We present a systematic study of mode characteristics of multilayer metal- dielectric ( M- D) nanofilm structures. This structure can be described as a coupled- plasmon- resonant waveguide ( CPRW), a special case of coupled- resonator optical waveguide ( CROW). Similar to a photonic crystal, the M- D is periodic, but there is a major difference in that the fields are evanescent everywhere in the M- D structure as in a nanoplasmonic structure. The transmission coefficient exhibits periodic oscillation with increasing number of periods. As a result of surface- plasmon- enhanced resonant tunneling, a 100% transmission occurs periodically at certain thicknesses of the M- D structure, depending on the wavelength, lattice constants, and excitation conditions. This structure indicates that a transparent material can be composed from non- transparent materials by alternatively stacking different materials of thin layers. The general properties of the CPRW and resonant tunneling phenomena are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM simin.feng@navy.mil NR 18 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 11 BP 4113 EP 4124 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.004113 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 932DN UT WOS:000229534500025 PM 19495323 ER PT J AU Huang, H Saigal, S Dyka, CT AF Huang, H Saigal, S Dyka, CT TI Moving least-square interpolants in the hybrid particle method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HPM; stress points; motion points; stress-free surface; axisymmetric; symmetry conditions ID TENSION INSTABILITY; STRESS POINTS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SPH; STABILITY AB The hybrid particle method (HPM) is a particle-based method for the solution of high-speed dynamic structural problems. In the current formulation of the HPM, a moving least-squares (MLS) interpolant is used to compute the derivatives of stress and velocity components. Compared with the use of the MLS interpolant at interior particles, the boundary particles require two additional treatments in order to compute the derivatives accurately. These are the rotation of the local co-ordinate system and the imposition of boundary constraints, respectively. In this paper, it is first shown that the derivatives found by the MLS interpolant based on a complete polynomial are indifferent to the orientation of the co-ordinate system. Secondly, it is shown that imposing boundary constraints is equivalent to employing ghost particles with proper values assigned at these particles. The latter can further be viewed as placing the boundary particle in the centre of a neighbourhood that is formed jointly by the original neighbouring particles and the ghost particles. The benefit of providing a symmetric or a full circle of neighbouring points is revealed by examining the error terms generated in approximating the derivatives of a Taylor polynomial by using a linear-polynomial-based MLS interpolant. Symmetric boundaries have mostly been treated by using ghost particles in various versions of the available particle methods that are based on the strong form of the conservation equations. In light of the equivalence of the respective treatments of imposing boundary constraints and adding,ghost particles, an alternative treatment for symmetry boundaries is proposed that involves imposing only the symmetry boundary constraints for the HPM. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach for symmetric boundaries in an axisymmetric impact problem. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Saigal, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM saigal@eng.usf.edu RI Huang, Hao/A-1376-2012 OI Huang, Hao/0000-0002-5186-180X NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 528 EP 547 DI 10.1002/nme.1288 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 929XB UT WOS:000229378800003 ER PT J AU Rathore, D Nagarkatti, R Jani, D Chattopadhyay, R de la Vega, P Kumar, S McCutchan, TF AF Rathore, D Nagarkatti, R Jani, D Chattopadhyay, R de la Vega, P Kumar, S McCutchan, TF TI An immunologically cryptic epitope of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein facilitates liver cell recognition and induces protective antibodies that block liver cell invasion SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; VACCINE; GENE; HEPARIN; ANTIGEN; REGION; SPOROZOITES; HEPATOCYTES; RECEPTORS; INFECTION AB Circumsporozoite, a predominant surface protein, is involved in invasion of liver cells by Plasmodium sporozoites, which leads to malaria. We have previously reported that the amino terminus region ( amino acids 27 117) of P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein plays a critical role in the invasion of liver cells by the parasite. Here we show that invasion-blocking antibodies are induced by a polypeptide encoding these 91 amino acids, only when it is presented in the absence of the rest of the protein. This suggests that when present in the whole protein, the amino terminus remains immunologically cryptic. A single reactive epitope was identified and mapped to a stretch of 21 amino acids from position 93 to 113. The epitope is configurational in nature, since its recognition was affected by deleting as little as 3 amino acids from either end of the 21-residue peptide. Lysine 104, the only known polymorphic position in the epitope, affected its recognition by the antibodies, and its conversion to leucine in the protein led to a substantial loss of binding activity of the protein to the hepatocytes. This indicated that in the protein, the epitope serves as a binding ligand and facilitates the interaction between sporozoite and hepatic cells. When considered along with the observation that in its native state this motif is immunologically unresponsive, we suggest that hiding functional moieties of the protein from the immune system is an evasion strategy to preserve liver cell binding function and may be of importance in designing anti-sporozoite vaccines. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Tmccutchan@niaid.nih.gov NR 28 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 21 BP 20524 EP 20529 DI 10.1074/jbc.M414254200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 927ZX UT WOS:000229242000046 PM 15781464 ER PT J AU Noyes, TJ Guza, RT Feddersen, F Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Noyes, TJ Guza, RT Feddersen, F Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Model-data comparisons of shear waves in the nearshore SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; ALONGSHORE CURRENTS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; INSTABILITIES; BEACHES AB [1] Observations of shear waves, alongshore propagating meanders of the mean alongshore current with periods of a few minutes and alongshore wavelengths of a few hundred meters, are compared with model predictions based on numerical solutions of the nonlinear shallow water equations. The model ( after Ozkan-Haller and Kirby ( 1999)) assumes alongshore homogeneity and temporally steady wave forcing and neglects wave-current interactions, eddy mixing, and spatial variation of the ( nonlinear) bottom drag coefficient. Although the shapes of observed and modeled shear wave velocity spectra differ, and root-mean-square velocity fluctuations agree only to within a factor of about 3, aspects of the cross-shore structure of the observed ( similar to 0.5 - 1.0 m above the seafloor) and modeled ( vertically integrated) shear waves are qualitatively similar. Within the surf zone, where the mean alongshore current ( V) is strong and shear waves are energetic, observed and modeled shear wave alongshore phase speeds agree and are close to both V and C-lin ( the phase speed of linearly unstable modes) consistent with previous results. Farther offshore, where V is weak and observed and modeled shear wave energy levels decay rapidly, modeled and observed C diverge from C-lin and are close to the weak alongshore current V. The simulations suggest that the alongshore advection of eddies shed from the strong, sheared flow closer to shore may contribute to the offshore decrease in shear wave phase speeds. Similar to the observations, the modeled cross- and alongshore shear wave velocity fluctuations have approximately equal magnitude, and the modeled vorticity changes sign across the surf zone. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Noyes, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr 0209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tnoyes@elcamino.edu; rguza@ucsd.edu; ffeddersen@ucsd.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; herbers@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C5 AR C05019 DI 10.1029/2004JC002541 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 935IY UT WOS:000229775800001 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Erickson, PJ Lind, FD Foster, JC Reinisch, BW AF Bernhardt, PA Erickson, PJ Lind, FD Foster, JC Reinisch, BW TI Artificial disturbances of the ionosphere over the Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Radar from dedicated burns of the space shuttle orbital maneuver subsystem engines SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DEPLETION; EXHAUST; REGION AB Two ionospheric modification experiments were carried out over the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) located at Millstone Hill, Massachusetts. These experiments are part of the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust (SIMPLEX) program at the Naval Research Laboratory. The experiments use 10-s burns of the dual orbital maneuver subsystem (OMS) engines to produce the injection of high-speed molecules in the ionosphere near 380 km altitude. Charge exchange between the high-speed exhaust molecules and the ambient oxygen ions yields molecular ion beams that disturb the natural state of the ionosphere. Radar scatter provides measurements of the ion velocity distributions and plasma turbulence that result from the ion beam interactions. Ground-based observations with the University of Massachusetts Digisonde record the ionospheric density depressions resulting from recombination of the molecular ions with electrons. Prompt signatures of nonequilibrium ion distributions in the OMS engine plume are seen in the data taken during the SIMPLEX III and IV experiments for the space shuttle flights STS-108 and STS-110, respectively. The SIMPLEX III observations are much weaker than those during SIMPLEX IV. These differences are primarily attributed to the changes in the viewing directions for the radar beam. During SIMPLEX IV, the radar is looking more downstream from the exhaust injection and the stimulation of plasma turbulence is seen with the ISR for over 30 s at distances up to 200 km from the burn altitude along the radar beam. Strong backscatter in the radar spectra is attributed to ion acoustic waves driven by the pickup ion beams. Both experiments provide large-scale cavities detected by the Digisonde for up to 20 min after the engine burn. These cavities are the result of ion-electron recombination of the pickup ions. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Atmospher Sci Grp, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A5 AR A05311 DI 10.1029/2004JA010795 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935JM UT WOS:000229777500006 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Adsorption on carbon nanotubes studied using polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; FIELD-EMISSION; HIGH-PRESSURE; METAL-OXIDES; WATER-VAPOR; AL2O3 FILMS AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), deposited onto an Al substrate from a liquid suspension, have been cleaned by annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. The effects of exposing the sample in situ to atomic H (or D) and/or to dimethyl methylphosphonate [DMMP, (CH3O)(2)(CH3)P=O were then studied using polarization-modulated infrared reflection- absorption spectroscopy. Atomic H reacts preferentially near strained or defective regions in the nanotube wall to produce a spectrum consistent with alkane-like species (> CH2 and -CH3). Only a small fraction of the > C=C < sites in the nanotube wall react with H, and there is no clear evidence for monohydride > C(H)-C(H)< species. For DMMP, data were obtained under steady-state conditions in reagent pressures in excess of half the room-temperature vapor pressure. Adsorption occurs via the P=O group with a coverage that depends on the ambient pressure. Varying the DMMP coverage by changing the pressure causes changes in the spectrum that can be related to the strength of the DMMP/SWNT interaction. Preadsorbed H is seen to have little or no effect on the subsequent adsorption of DMMP. For DMMP, the molecular features are superimposed on a broad, smoothly varying background that can be related to adsorption-induced changes in the Drude parameters characterizing the SWNT free-carrier density and scattering lifetime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 9970 EP 9979 DI 10.1021/jp0508150 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600016 PM 16852205 ER PT J AU Wang, J Roland, CM AF Wang, J Roland, CM TI Heterogeneous networks of polyisoprene/polyvinylethylene SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE blends; networks; vulcanization ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; INFRARED SPECTRA; LENGTH SCALE; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; RAMAN SPECTRA; T-G; POLYISOPRENE; POLYBUTADIENES; RELAXATION AB High cis, 1,4-polyisoprene (PI) and polyvinylethylene (PVE) form a miscible blend, having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Networks of this blend were prepared by crosslinking with organic peroxide or by sulfur vulcanization. The very different reactivity of the two polymers leads to a disparity in the crosslinking, especially for sulfur curing-networks of PI can be formed without substantial reaction of the PVE. When the sulfur vulcanization is carried out at ca. 130 &DEG; C or higher (above the LCST), the polymers phase separate, yielding a PI network with PVE domains. Curing at lower temperatures maintains the miscible morphology, and a homogeneous blend network is obtained. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nal.navy.mil NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4160 EP 4165 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.059 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933BH UT WOS:000229598400022 ER PT J AU Hoppel, WA Caffrey, PF Frick, GM AF Hoppel, WA Caffrey, PF Frick, GM TI Particle deposition on water: Surface source versus upwind source SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DRY-DEPOSITION; AEROSOL; SEA; TRANSPORT; MODEL; LAYER AB The deposition velocity for aerosols on natural water surfaces is investigated with emphasis (1) on the difference between the deposition of particles that originate above the surface (or upwind) and those which originate from a local uniform surface source such as sea-salt aerosol, and (2) on extending the deposition velocity formulation into the size range where the gravitationally induced gradients require corrections to the well-mixed case. The following cases are explored: (1) uniform surface source in equilibrium with deposition, (2) surface source with removal above the surface layer in addition to surface deposition, (3) surface deposition when the source is from above (upwind), and (4) surface deposition when the turbulent flux is downward but opposed by a surface source. The following are shown: (1) For a surface source of aerosols, the problem can be formulated such that the deposition processes occurring within the molecular interfacial layer do not enter the expression for the deposition velocity, provided the surface source function and deposition are defined for a point at or above the top of the molecular interfacial layer. This is useful because measurements of the surface source function are made above the interface layer and the microscopic processes occurring in the interface layer are poorly characterized. (2) For a surface source with removal above the surface layer (net upward flux), the deposition velocity is a function of the removal height and strength of the removal process. However, if the reference height is much lower than the removal height, the equilibrium deposition velocity is an acceptable approximation. (3) If the filling/emptying time for an aerosol is much longer than the turbulent mixing time, as is usually the case in the boundary layer, a quasi steady state is established. The deposition velocity for the quasi steady state is the same as for steady state, making the steady state deposition velocity useful for dynamic modeling. The results of this study have important implications on how sea-salt particles are introduced and removed from the lowest layer of numerical models, as well as retrieval of the surface source function from measurements of the size distribution at some reference height. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoppel, WA (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM whoppel@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005148 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 935IS UT WOS:000229775100001 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS Richards-Dinger, K Bozkurt, SB AF Toda, S Stein, RS Richards-Dinger, K Bozkurt, SB TI Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1992 LANDERS; M-W; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; FOCAL MECHANISMS; PORE-PRESSURE; MOJAVE DESERT; AFTERSHOCKS AB [1] We develop a forecast model to reproduce the distribution of main shocks, aftershocks and surrounding seismicity observed during 1986 - 2003 in a 300 x 310 km area centered on the 1992 M = 7.3 Landers earthquake. To parse the catalog into frames with equal numbers of aftershocks, we animate seismicity in log time increments that lengthen after each main shock; this reveals aftershock zone migration, expansion, and densification. We implement a rate/state algorithm that incorporates the static stress transferred by each M >= 6 shock and then evolves. Coulomb stress changes amplify the background seismicity, so small stress changes produce large changes in seismicity rate in areas of high background seismicity. Similarly, seismicity rate declines in the stress shadows are evident only in areas with previously high seismicity rates. Thus a key constituent of the model is the background seismicity rate, which we smooth from 1981 to 1986 seismicity. The mean correlation coefficient between observed and predicted M >= 1.4 shocks ( the minimum magnitude of completeness) is 0.52 for 1986 - 2003 and 0.63 for 1992 - 2003; a control standard aftershock model yields 0.54 and 0.52 for the same periods. Four M >= 6.0 shocks struck during the test period; three are located at sites where the expected seismicity rate falls above the 92 percentile, and one is located above the 75 percentile. The model thus reproduces much, but certainly not all, of the observed spatial and temporal seismicity, from which we infer that the decaying effect of stress transferred by successive main shocks influences seismicity for decades. Finally, we offer a M >= 5 earthquake forecast for 2005 - 2015, assigning probabilities to 324 10 x 10 km cells. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Geol Survey Japan, Agcy Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 2058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Geothermal Program Off, Air Weap Stn, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Geol Survey Japan, Agcy Ind Sci & Technol, Site 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 2058567, Japan. EM rstein@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 256 Z9 272 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S16 DI 10.1029/2004JB003415 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935JH UT WOS:000229776800003 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Meyer, JR AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Meyer, JR TI High-power continuous-wave midinfrared type-II "W" diode lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; OPERATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB A type-II "W" diode laser with five quantum well periods and emitting at lambda approximate to 3.5 mu m operated in cw mode to T=218 K. A second device produced more than 500 mW of cw power at 80 K. The threshold current density at T=78 K was 31 A/cm(2), and pulsed operation was observed to 317 K. Improvements over previous single-stage devices for this wavelength range may be attributed in part to high growth quality and also to the incorporation of transition regions that smooth discontinuities in the conduction-band profile. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 21 AR 211105 DI 10.1063/1.1938256 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HG UT WOS:000229544200005 ER PT J AU Harbola, MK Zope, RR Kshirsagar, A Pathak, RK AF Harbola, MK Zope, RR Kshirsagar, A Pathak, RK TI Momentum-space properties from coordinate-space electron density SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; CORRELATED WAVE-FUNCTIONS; COMPTON PROFILES; BERYLLIUM-ATOM; ACCURATE; HELIUM; NEON; FUNCTIONALS; SCATTERING; MOLECULES AB Electron density and electron momentum density, while independently tractable experimentally, bear no direct connection without going through the many-electron wave function. However, invoking a variant of the constrained-search formulation of density-functional theory, we develop a general scheme (valid for arbitrary external potentials) yielding decent momentum-space properties, starting exclusively from the coordinate-space electron density. A numerical illustration of the scheme is provided for the closed-shell atomic systems He, Be, and Ne in their ground state and for 1s(1) 2s(1) singlet electronic excited state for helium by calculating the Compton profiles and the < p(n)> expectation values derived from given coordinate-space electron densities. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Poona, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 20 AR 204110 DI 10.1063/1.1904588 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932HJ UT WOS:000229544500010 PM 15945716 ER PT J AU Biswal, S O'Connor, SP Bowman, SR AF Biswal, S O'Connor, SP Bowman, SR TI Thermo-optical parameters measured in ytterbium-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER; KGD(WO4)(2); CRYSTALS AB Oriented absorption and fluorescence spectra, refractive indices, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivities are reported for the anisotropic laser material ytterbium-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate, Yb3+:KGd(WO4)(2). Measurements of negative values for dn/dT lead to the report of several useful athermal orientations for laser propagation. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biswal, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, 455 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sbiswal@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 15 BP 3093 EP 3097 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003093 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 928NK UT WOS:000229278300027 PM 15929303 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF Lee, MA Maclennan, CG Mewaldt, RA Ng, CK Reames, DV AF Tylka, AJ Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF Lee, MA Maclennan, CG Mewaldt, RA Ng, CK Reames, DV TI Shock geometry, seed populations, and the origin of variable elemental composition at high energies in large gradual solar particle events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; sun : coronal mass ejections ( CMEs); sun : flares; sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; II RADIO-EMISSION; ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; IONIC CHARGE-STATE; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DRIVEN SHOCKS AB Above a few tens of MeV per nucleon, large, gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are highly variable in their spectral characteristics and elemental composition. The origin of this variability has been a matter of intense and ongoing debate. In this paper, we propose that this variability arises from the interplay of two factors-shock geometry and a compound seed population, typically comprising both solar-wind and flare suprathermals. Whereas quasi-parallel shocks generally draw their seeds from solar-wind suprathermals, quasi-perpendicular shocks-by requiring a higher initial speed for effective injection-preferentially accelerate seed particles from flares. Solar-wind and flare seed particles have distinctive compositional characteristics, which are then reflected in the accelerated particles. We first examine our hypothesis in the context of particles locally accelerated near 1 AU by traveling interplanetary shocks. We illustrate the implications of our hypothesis for SEPs with two very large events, 2002 April 21 and 2002 August 24. These two events arise from very similar solar progenitors but nevertheless epitomize extremes in high-energy SEP variability. We then test our hypothesis with correlation studies based on observations of 43 large SEP events in 1997-2003 by the Advanced Composition Explorer, Wind, the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 8, and GOES. We consider correlations among high-energy Fe/O, event size, spectral characteristics, the presence of GeV protons, and event duration at high energies. The observed correlations are all qualitatively consistent with our hypothesis. Although these correlation studies cannot be construed as proof of our hypothesis, they certainly confirm its viability. We also examine the alternative hypothesis in which a direct flare component rather than flare particles subsequently processed through a shock-dominates at high energies. This alternative would produce compositional characteristics similar to those of our hypothesis. However, the observed longitude distribution of the enhanced Fe/O events, their spectral characteristics, and recent timing studies all pose serious challenges for a direct flare component. We also comment on measurements of the mean ionic charge state of Fe at high energies. We conclude that shock geometry and seed population potentially provide a framework for understanding the overall high-energy variability in large SEP events. We suggest additional studies for testing this hypothesis. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Ocean & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; cohen@srl.caltech.edu; dietrich@odysseus.uchicago.edu; marty.lee@unh.edu; cgm@physics.bell-labs.com; rmewaldt@srl.caltech.edu; cheeng@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov; reames@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 114 TC 214 Z9 221 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 474 EP 495 DI 10.1086/429384 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600040 ER PT J AU Linton, MG Antiochos, SK AF Linton, MG Antiochos, SK TI Magnetic flux tube reconnection: Tunneling versus slingshot SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; sun : flares; sun : magnetic fields ID ACTIVE REGIONS; HELICITY; FIELDS; ORIGIN; MODEL AB The discrete nature of the solar magnetic field as it emerges into the corona through the photosphere indicates that it exists as isolated flux tubes in the convection zone and will remain as discrete flux tubes in the corona until it collides and reconnects with other coronal fields. Collisions of these flux tubes will in general be three-dimensional and will often lead to reconnection, both rearranging the magnetic field topology in fundamental ways and releasing magnetic energy. With the goal of better understanding these dynamics, we carry out a set of numerical experiments exploring fundamental characteristics of three-dimensional magnetic flux tube reconnection. We first show that reconnecting flux tubes at opposite extremes of twist behave very differently: in some configurations, low twist tubes slingshot while high twist tubes tunnel. We then discuss a theory explaining these differences: by assuming helicity conservation during the reconnection one can show that at high twist, tunneled tubes reach a lower magnetic energy state than slingshot tubes, whereas at low twist the opposite holds. We test three predictions made by this theory. (1) We find that the level of twist at which the transition from slingshot to tunnel occurs is about 2-3 times higher than predicted on the basis of energetics and helicity conservation alone, probably because the dynamics of the reconnection play a large role as well. (2) We find that the tunnel occurs at all flux tube collision angles predicted by the theory. (3) We find that the amount of magnetic energy a slingshot or a tunnel reconnection releases agrees reasonably well with the theory, although at the high resistivities we have to use for numerical stability, a significant amount of magnetic energy is lost to diffusion, independent of reconnection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.1086/429585 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600042 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Lean, JL Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Lean, JL Sheeley, NR TI Modeling the sun's magnetic field and irradiance since 1713 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar-terrestrial relations; sun : activity; sun : magnetic fields; sun : photosphere ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; MERIDIONAL FLOW; FLUX TRANSPORT; POLAR FIELDS; CYCLE; VARIABILITY; REGIONS; STARS AB We use a flux transport model to simulate the evolution of the Sun's total and open magnetic flux over the last 26 solar cycles ( 1713-1996). Polar field reversals are maintained by varying the meridional flow speed between 11 and 20 m s(-1), with the poleward-directed surface flow being slower during low-amplitude cycles. If the strengths of the active regions are fixed but their numbers are taken to be proportional to the cycle amplitude, the open flux is found to scale approximately as the square root of the cycle amplitude. However, the scaling becomes linear if the number of active regions per cycle is fixed but their average strength is taken to be proportional to the cycle amplitude. Even with the inclusion of a secularly varying ephemeral region background, the increase in the total photospheric flux between the Maunder minimum and the end of solar cycle 21 is at most similar to one-third of its minimum-to-maximum variation during the latter cycle. The simulations are compared with geomagnetic activity and cosmogenic isotope records and are used to derive a new reconstruction of total solar irradiance (TSI). The increase in cycle-averaged TSI since the Maunder minimum is estimated to be similar to 1 Wm(-2). Because the diffusive decay rate accelerates as the average spacing between active regions decreases, the photospheric magnetic flux and facular brightness grow more slowly than the sunspot number and TSI saturates during the highest amplitude cycles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 59 TC 309 Z9 317 U1 6 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 522 EP 538 DI 10.1086/429689 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600043 ER PT J AU Tso, B Olsen, RC AF Tso, B Olsen, RC TI Combining spectral and spatial information into hidden Markov models for unsupervised image classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC FUNCTIONS; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; RANDOM-FIELDS; CHAINS; ALGORITHM AB Unsupervised classification methodology applied to remote sensing image processing can provide benefits in automatically converting the raw image data into useful information so long as higher classification accuracy is achieved. The traditional k-means clustering scheme using spectral data alone does not perform well in general as far as accuracy is concerned. This is partly due to the failure to take the spatial inter-pixels dependencies (i.e. the context) into account, resulting in a 'busy' visual appearance to the output imagery. To address this, the hidden Markov models (HMM) are introduced in this study as a fundamental framework to incorporate both the spectral and contextual information in analysis. This helps generate more patch-like output imagery and produces higher classification accuracy in an unsupervised scheme. The newly developed unsupervised classification approach is based on observation-sequence and observation-density adjustments, which have been proposed for incorporating 2D spatial information into the linear HMM. For the observation-sequence adjustment methods, there are a total of five neighbourhood systems being proposed. Two neighbourhood systems were incorporated into the observation-density methods for study. The classification accuracy is then evaluated by means of confusion matrices made by randomly chosen test samples. The classification obtained by k-means clustering and the HMM with commonly seen strip-like and Hilbert-Peano sequence fitting methods were also measured. Experimental results showed that the proposed approaches for combining both the spectral and spatial information into HMM unsupervised classification mechanism present improvements in both classification accuracy and visual qualities. C1 NDU, Natl Def Mgmt Coll, Dept Resource Management, Taipei 235, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tso, B (reprint author), NDU, Natl Def Mgmt Coll, Dept Resource Management, 150 Ming An Rd, Taipei 235, Taiwan. EM brandt@rs590.ndmc.edu.tw; olsen@monterey.nps.navy.mil RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2113 EP 2133 DI 10.1080/01431160512331337844 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 947LQ UT WOS:000230647000007 ER PT J AU Ishida, H Johannes, MD Liebsch, A AF Ishida, H Johannes, MD Liebsch, A TI Effect of dynamical Coulomb correlations on the Fermi surface of Na0.3CoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SR2RUO4; NACO2O4 AB The t(2g) quasiparticle spectra of Na0.3CoO2 are calculated within the dynamical mean field theory. It is shown that as a result of dynamical Coulomb correlations charge is transferred from the nearly filled e(g)(') subbands to the a(1g) band, thereby reducing orbital polarization among Co t(2g) states. Dynamical correlations therefore stabilize the small e(g)(') Fermi surface pockets, in contrast to angle-resolved photoemission data, which do not reveal these pockets. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Humanities & Sci, Tokyo 156, Japan. JST, CREST, Tokyo 156, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ishida, H (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Humanities & Sci, Tokyo 156, Japan. EM ishida@chs.nihon-u.ac.jp; johannes@dave.nrl.navy.mil; a.liebsch@fz-juelich.de NR 35 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 19 AR 196401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.196401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 928MX UT WOS:000229277000039 PM 16090192 ER PT J AU Baker, CI Barrozo, CP Ryan, MAK Pearse, LA Russell, KL AF Baker, CI Barrozo, CP Ryan, MAK Pearse, LA Russell, KL TI Fatal meningitis in a previously healthy young adult caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 38: an emerging serotype? SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; INVASIVE-DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; SEROGROUPS; FORMULATION; RESISTANCE; CARRIAGE AB Background: In December 2001, a fatal case of pneumococcal meningitis in a Marine Corps recruit was identified. As pneumococcal vaccine usage in recruit populations is being considered, an investigation was initiated into the causative serotype. Case presentation: Traditional and molecular methods were utilized to determine the serotype of the infecting pneumococcus. The pneumococcal isolate was identified as serotype 38 (PS38), a serotype not covered by current vaccine formulations. The global significance of this serotype was explored in the medical literature, and found to be a rare but recognized cause of carriage and invasive disease. Conclusion: The potential of PS38 to cause severe disease is documented in this report. Current literature does not support the hypothesis that this serotype is increasing in incidence. However, as we monitor the changing epidemiology of pneumococcal illness in the US in this conjugate era, PS38 might find a more prominent and concerning niche as a replacement serotype. C1 USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM caro@henrywu.net; barrozo@nhrc.navy.mil; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil; Pearse@afip.osd.mil; russell@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-5-38 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 937HC UT WOS:000229914200001 PM 15943886 ER PT J AU Jayasundera, S Burleigh, MC Zeinali, M Spector, MS Miller, JB Yan, WF Dai, S Markowitz, MA AF Jayasundera, S Burleigh, MC Zeinali, M Spector, MS Miller, JB Yan, WF Dai, S Markowitz, MA TI Organosilica copolymers for the adsorption and separation of multiple pollutants SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; CO-CONDENSATION; ORGANIC GROUPS; SILICA; SURFACTANT; FRAMEWORKS; TEMPLATES AB Benzene, diethylbenzene, and ethylenediamine-bridged bistrialkoxy precursors were used in the synthesis of multifunctional PMO copolymers for the adsorption of phenols and metal ions. Polyoxyethylene(10) stearyl ether (Brij 76) was used as the structure director with the surfactant template approach in the synthesis. The resulting PMO copolymers with two or more bridging groups have been characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and C-13 and Si-29 solid-state NMR. These organosilicas exhibit large surface areas, narrow pore size distributions, large total pore volumes, and pore ordering consistent with well ordered, hexagonally packed p6mm structures. Minimal competitive effects were observed on the adsorption of p-chlorophenol to the copolymers in the presence of copper ions in solution. Similarly, the presence of p-chlorophenol in solution or adsorbed onto the copolymers did not interfere with copper adsorption. Replacement of a small portion of the benzene bridge in the 90: 10 BENZ:EDA copolymer with diethylbenzene produced a copolymer 2.5-fold more efficient for p-chlorophenol adsorption. ICP analysis revealed that greater than 98% of adsorbed copper was removed during extraction with HC1, and this extraction process can be repeated with no difference in copper adsorption after regeneration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfac Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfac Interact, Code 6920, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mam@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 19 BP 9198 EP 9201 DI 10.1021/jp051435h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 926PB UT WOS:000229134000002 PM 16852097 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Ngai, KL AF Capaccioli, S Ngai, KL TI Relation between the alpha-relaxation and Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation of a component in binary miscible mixtures of glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SLOW SECONDARY RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; POLYMER BLENDS; POLY(N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE-STAT-STYRENE); METHACRYLATE) BLENDS; FORMING MATERIALS; RANDOM COPOLYMERS; WATER MIXTURES AB The coupling model was applied to describe the alpha-relaxation dynamics of each component in perfectly miscible mixtures A(1)-B-x(x) of two different glass-formers A and B. An important element of the model is the change of the coupling parameter of each component with the composition, x, of the mixture. However, this change cannot be determined directly from the frequency dispersion of the alpha-relaxation of each component because of the broadening caused by concentration fluctuations in the mixture, except in the limits of low concentrations of either component, x -> 0 and x -> 1. Fortunately, the coupling model has another prediction. The coupling parameter of a component, say A, in the mixture determines tau(alpha)/tau(JG), the ratio of the alpha-relaxation time, tau(alpha), to the Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation time, tau(JG), of the same component A. This prediction enables us to obtain the coupling parameter, (n) over cap (A), Of component A from the isothermal frequency spectrum of the mixture that shows both the alpha-relaxation and the JG beta-relaxation of component A. We put this extra prediction into practice by calculating (n) over cap (A) of 2-picoline in binary mixtures with either tri-styrene or o-terphenyl from recently published broadband dielectric relaxation data of the alpha-relaxation and the JG beta-relaxation of 2-picoline. The results Of (n) over cap (A) obtained from the experimental data show its change with composition, x, follows the same pattern as assumed in previous works that address only the alpha-relaxation dynamics of a component in binary mixtures based on the coupling model. There is an alternative view of the thrust of the present work. If the change of (n) over cap (A) with composition, x, in considering the alpha-relaxation of component A is justified by other means, the theoretical part of the present work gives a prediction of how the ratio tau(alpha)/tau(JG) of component A changes with composition, x. The data of tau(alpha), and tau(JG) of 2-picoline mixed with tri-styrene or o-terphenyl provide experimental support for the prediction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, CRS, SOFT Complex Dynam Struct Syst, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 71 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 19 BP 9727 EP 9735 DI 10.1021/jp044893j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 926PB UT WOS:000229134000077 PM 16852172 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Thomson, J Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Reflection and tunneling of ocean waves observed at a submarine canyon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; BEACH CUSPS; EDGE WAVES; SURF; PROPAGATION AB Ocean surface gravity waves with periods between 20 and 200 s were observed to reflect from a steep-walled submarine canyon. Observations of pressure and velocity on each side of the canyon were decomposed into incident waves arriving from distant sources, waves reflected by the canyon, and waves transmitted across the canyon. The observed reflection is consistent with long-wave theory, and distinguishes between cases of normal and oblique angles of incidence. As much as 60% of the energy of waves approaching the canyon normal to its axis was reflected, except for waves twice as long as the canyon width, which were transmitted across with no reflection. Although waves approaching the canyon at oblique angles cannot propagate over the canyon, total reflection was observed only at frequencies higher than 20 mHz, with lower frequency energy partially transmitted across, analogous to the quantum tunneling of a free particle through a classically impenetrable barrier. C1 WHOI MIT Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), WHOI MIT Joint Program Oceanog, MS 9, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jthomson@whoi.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; therbers@nps.edu RI Thomson, Jim/C-7610-2012; Pinto Jr., Osmar/D-6022-2013 OI Thomson, Jim/0000-0002-8929-0088; NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10602 DI 10.1029/2005GL022834 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 932WE UT WOS:000229584400005 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Volume and temperature dependences of the global and segmental dynamics in polymers: Functional forms and implications for the glass transition SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; MOLECULAR-MOTION; CIS-POLYISOPRENE; JOHARI-GOLDSTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPLANATION AB Previously, from dielectric relaxation measurements obtained for various temperatures T and pressures P on polypropylene glycol, 1,4-polyisoprene, and poly(oxybutylene) [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.; Paluch, M. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 2004, 42, 4313. R. Casalini and C. M. Roland, Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 17791, both the primary a-relaxation time tau(a). and the normal mode relaxation time tau(n). were shown to yield master curves when plotted versus the quantity T-V-1-(gamma). Moreover, the value of gamma is the same for the two processes (here V is the specific volume and y is a material-specific constant). Such a result appears to be consistent with an assumption underlying models for polymer viscoelasticity that the friction coefficient governing motions over large length scales can be identified with the local segmental friction coefficient. However, notwithstanding the superpositioning obtained using the same value of gamma, tau(a) and tau(n) differ in their dependences on either the product variable T-V-1(-Y) , V at constant T, or T at constant P. In each case, the difference is more pronounced at longer tau(a). Such behavior is inconsistent with the Rouse and tube models. However, these differences in the respective dependences of tau(a) and tau(n) can be accounted for quantitatively by the coupling model. The framework of the solution of the problem supports the proposal that the temperature and volume dependences of molecular mobility, which trigger the glass transition, do not originate from the primary a relaxation. Instead, they have their origin in the primitive relaxation of the coupling model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 55 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10 BP 4363 EP 4370 DI 10.1021/ma05005m PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 926DS UT WOS:000229103700044 ER PT J AU Mason, SJ Fowler, JW Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC AF Mason, SJ Fowler, JW Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC TI Heuristics for minimizing total weighted tardiness in complex job shops SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scheduling; integer programming; shifting bottleneck; heuristic ID RULES AB Semi-conductor manufacturing is arguably one of the most complex manufacturing processes in existence today. A semi-conductor wafer fabrication facility is comprised of batching machines, parallel machines, machines with sequence-dependent set-ups, and re-circulating product flow. The individual job release times and due dates combine with the other processing environment characteristics to form a 'complex' job shop scheduling problem. We first present a mixed-integer program (MIP) to minimize total weighted tardiness in a complex job shop. Since the problem is NP-hard, we compare a heuristic based on the MIP ( MIP heuristic) with both a tuned version of a modified shifting bottleneck heuristic (SB heuristic) and three dispatching rules using random problem instances of a representative model from the literature. While the MIP heuristic typically produces superior schedules for problem instances with a small number of jobs, the SB heuristic consistently outperforms the MIP heuristic for larger problem instances. The SB heuristic's superior performance as compared to additional dispatching rules is also demonstrated for a larger, 'real world' dataset from the literature. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Ind Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4207, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mason, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Ind Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4207, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM mason@uark.edu RI Mason, Scott/A-2934-2011; Fowler, John/E-9426-2011 OI Fowler, John/0000-0002-7112-8031 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1943 EP 1963 DI 10.1080/00207540412331331399 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 920CS UT WOS:000228667200001 ER PT J AU Anderson, JM Brownell, DJ Prinz, GA Huggins, H Van, LV Christodoulides, JA Zhug, JG AF Anderson, JM Brownell, DJ Prinz, GA Huggins, H Van, LV Christodoulides, JA Zhug, JG TI Address line-assisted switching of vertical magnetoresistive random access memory cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Vertical magnetoresistive random access memory (VMRAM) is a high-density, nonvolatile memory that employs current perpendicular to the plane to switch soft (read) and hard (write) magnetic layers of a giant-magnetoresistive memory element. VMRAM cells consist of closed-flux toroid-shaped elements and intersecting address lines situated above and beneath the elements [J.-G. Zhu, Y. Zheng, and G. A. Prinz, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6668 (2000)]. Experiments performed on 64-element strings show that the intersecting address lines effectively assist in VMRAM cell switching. With projected density scaling to 400 Gbits/in.(2) [J.-G. Zhu, Y, Zheng, and G. A. Prinz, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6668 (2000)], VMRAM has the potential to compete with both semiconductor memories and mechanical hard disks. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), NVE Corp, 11409 Valley View Rd, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. EM johna@nve.com; daveb@nve.com; prinz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; huggins@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; lvan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; joec@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jzhu@ece.cmu.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10P504 DI 10.1063/1.1854272 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500253 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Dennis, KW Lograsso, TA McCallum, RW AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Dennis, KW Lograsso, TA McCallum, RW TI Temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction of Fe100-xGax (x=8.6, 16.6, 28.5) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID FE-GA ALLOYS AB The temperature dependence of the lowest order magnetic anisotropy constant K-1 and the lowest order saturation magnetostriction constant, (3/2)lambda(100), were measured from 4 K to 300 K for Fe91.4Ga8.6,Fe83.4Ga16.6, and Fe71.5Ga28.5 and were compared to the normalized magnetization power law, m(l(l+1)/2). Fe91.4Ga8.6 maintains the magnetostriction anomaly of Fe (d lambda(100)/dT > 0) and K, is a reasonable fit to the m(l(l+1)/2) power law with K-1(0 K) congruent to 90 kJ/m(3). Fe83.4Ga16.6 does not show a magnetostriction anomaly, but fits the power law remarkably well. Fe71.5Ga28.5 possesses a small K-1(similar to 1 kJ/m(3)) at all temperatures and a large temperature dependent magnetostriction, reaching similar to 800 ppm at low temperature. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wunfoglem@nswccd.navy.mil NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M316 DI 10.1063/1.1856731 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500142 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Baruah, T Bernstein, N Kortus, J Richardson, SL del Barco, E Kent, AD Hill, S Dalal, NS AF Park, K Pederson, MR Baruah, T Bernstein, N Kortus, J Richardson, SL del Barco, E Kent, AD Hill, S Dalal, NS TI Incommensurate transverse anisotropy induced by disorder and spin-orbit-vibron coupling in Mn-12 acetate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETIZATION AB It has been shown within density-functional theory that in Mn-12 acetate there are effects due to disorder by solvent molecules and a coupling between vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom. We calculate the in-plane principal axes of the second-order anisotropy caused by the second effect and compare them with those of the fourth-order anisotropy due to the first effect. We find that the two types of the principal axes are not commensurate with each other, which results in a complete quenching of the tunnel-splitting oscillation as a function of an applied transverse field. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Dept Phys, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, HNMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hill, Stephen/J-5383-2014 OI Hill, Stephen/0000-0001-6742-3620 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M505 DI 10.1063/1.1847851 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500152 ER PT J AU Park, KW Yang, EC Hendrickson, DN AF Park, KW Yang, EC Hendrickson, DN TI Electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy for nickel-based molecular magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID APPROXIMATION; DIMER AB Recent magnetic measurements on molecular magnets [Ni(hmp)(ROH)Cl](4), where R=CH3, CH2CH3, or (CH2)(2)C(CH3)(3), and limp is the monoanion of 2-hydroxymethylpyridine, revealed a strong exchange bias prior to the external magnetic-field reversal as well as anomalies in electron paramagnetic-resonance peaks at low temperatures. To understand the exchange bias and observed anomalies, we calculate the electronic structure and magnetic properties for the Ni-4 molecules with the three different ligands, employing density-functional theory. Considering the optimized structure with possible collinear spin configurations, we find that the lowest-energy state has a total spin of S=0. The magnetic anisotropy barrier to reverse the magnetic moments of all four Ni ions simultaneously is calculated to be 4-6 K. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Georgetown Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M522 DI 10.1063/1.1859972 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500169 ER PT J AU Petculescu, G Hathaway, KB Lograsso, TA Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Petculescu, G Hathaway, KB Lograsso, TA Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE TI Magnetic field dependence of galfenol elastic properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID FE-GA; ALLOYS; MAGNETOELASTICITY AB Elastic shear moduli measurements on Fe100-xGax (x=12-33) single crystals (via resonant ultrasound spectroscopy) with and without a magnetic field and within 4-300 K are reported. The pronounced softening of the tetragonal shear modulus c' is concluded to be, based on magnetoelastic coupling, the cause of the second peak in the tetragonal magnetostriction constant X 100 near x=28. Exceedingly high Delta E effects (similar to 25%), combined with the extreme softness in c' (c'< 10 GPa), suggest structural changes take place, yet, gradual in nature, as the moduli show a smooth dependence on Ga concentration, temperature, and magnetic field. Shear anisotropy (C-44/c') as high as 14.7 was observed for Fe71.2Ga28.8. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Petculescu, G (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. EM g-petculescu@northwestern.edu NR 8 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M315 DI 10.1063/1.1855711 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500141 ER PT J AU Schneider, CS AF Schneider, CS TI Effect of stress on the shape of ferromagnetic hysteresis loops SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB The shape of ferromagnetic hysteresis loops is described in terms of symmetric Brown and antisymmetric Bozorth stress fields. The magnetization and nonlinear stress dependence of stress fields are measured and plotted. The Brown field is found to exist in every magnetoelastic process and is manifested when hysteresis of 90 degrees domain walls is asymmetric. Stress fields are derived from magnetoelastic energy density both within a ferromagnetic grain and throughout the sample and are a measure of domain structure. The common stress crossover of saturate curves is modeled in terms of fraction of 90 degrees domain walls. The Brown stress field changes the coercive field and the Bozorth stress field changes remanence. C1 USN, Naval Acad, Phys Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), USN, Naval Acad, Phys Dept, 566 Brownson Rd,Ricketts 367, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schneide@usna.edu NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10E503 DI 10.1063/1.1846451 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300260 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Francavilla, T Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Francavilla, T Harris, VG TI Core-loss analysis of an (Fe, Co, Ni)-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; POWER LOSSES AB Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials possess higher magnetization and operation temperatures than amorphous alloys with similar compositions. For these reasons, they are good candidate materials for power electronics applications. As an indication of their performance, core losses have been measured for a nanocrystalline alloy with the composition Fe(64.08)Co(10.68)Ni(10.68)Zr(8.49)B(4.86)Cu(1.2) synthesized by a melt-spinning process with subsequent isothermal anneal at 550 degrees C for 1 h. The experiments were conducted on toroidal samples using a Walker ac permeameter over a frequency range of 100 Hz-500 kHz, at induction amplitudes of 100 and 1100 mT, at room temperature. A measured toroidal sample possessed a saturation magnetization of 1.529 T and core loss of 17.5 W/kg at a frequency of 10 kHz and magnetic flux density of 100 mT. The Steinmetz analysis of the static hysteresis losses yielded a power-law coefficient of 1.475. A statistical model for excess eddy current losses showed good agreement with experimental results. Excess eddy current losses were found to be the dominant factor in losses above 10 kHz for these alloys. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10F502 DI 10.1063/1.1847333 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300298 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Dreyer, E Summers, E AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Dreyer, E Summers, E TI Stress annealing of Fe-Ga transduction alloys for operation under tension and compression SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB The addition of Ga to bcc alpha-Fe increases the magnetostriction of Fe in the [100] direction (a factor of 12 for Fe81Ga19). The effect of annealing highly textured polycrystalline Fe81.6Ga18.4 rods under compressive stresses of -100 and -150 MPa for 10- 100 min at temperatures between 625 degrees C and 635 degrees C was examined. After annealing, all samples showed nearly full performance at near-zero stresses. Samples annealed with -100 MPa stress maintained a high magnetostriction up to similar to 20 MPa tensile stress; the sample annealed with -150 MPa stress maintained its magnetostriction up to similar to 30 MPa. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Assoc, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ETREMA Prod Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM wunfoglem@nswccd.navy.mil NR 5 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M301 DI 10.1063/1.1845933 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500127 ER PT J AU Zuo, X Yang, A Yoon, SD Christodoulides, JA Harris, VG Vittoria, C AF Zuo, X Yang, A Yoon, SD Christodoulides, JA Harris, VG Vittoria, C TI Magnetic properties of manganese ferrite films grown at atomic scale SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Manganese ferrite is a partial inverse spinet which, when prepared by conventional growth techniques, has similar to 20% of the Mn(2+) ions on the octahedral sublattice. Here we describe a layer-by-layer growth scheme at atomic scale by which the percentage of Mn(2+) ions on the octahedral sublattice can be artificially controlled. Manganese ferrite films grown by this technique exhibits different degrees of cation inversion when grown on {100} and {111} MgO substrates. It was observed that saturation magnetization varied in a wide range of values depending on chemical composition and oxygen pressure. Although bulk manganese ferrite was low anisotropy magnetic material, uniaxial anisotropy was observed at room temperature in the films deposited on {100} MgO substrates, and its magnitude and direction sensitively depended on chemical composition and oxygen pressure during deposition. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Nankai Univ, Coll Informat Tech Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zuo, X (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM xzuo@yahoo.com RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Zuo, Xu/H-3358-2014 OI Zuo, Xu/0000-0001-9440-1021 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10G103 DI 10.1063/1.1849072 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300319 ER PT J AU Greene, PA Copper, CL Berv, DE Ramsey, JD Collins, GE AF Greene, PA Copper, CL Berv, DE Ramsey, JD Collins, GE TI Colorimetric detection of uranium(VI) on building surfaces after enrichment by solid phase extraction SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE uranium (VI); arsenazo III; solid phase extraction; building materials ID ARSENATE-III; SEPARATION; CHEMISTRY; THORIUM AB A method for detecting and quantifying uranium(VI) levels on building materials that include concrete, Plexiglas, glass and steel surfaces is presented. Uranium(VI) was extracted from building material surfaces using a pH 2.2 buffer rinse and, subsequently complexed by an organic chelating agent, arsenazo III. The application of a uranium-chelating molecule, arsenazo 111, allows for concentration enhancement using C-18 solid phase extraction and colorimetric detection of the uranium complex using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at 654 nm. The method has a detection limit (based on 3 sigma) of 40 ng/L (5 ng/cm(2)) and an overall extraction efficiency greater than 80% for each surface type (concrete, Plexiglas, glass, steel). Methods to prevent interference by metal ions commonly found on building materials are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. USN, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 20639 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gcollins@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 66 IS 4 BP 961 EP 966 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.12.061 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 935NC UT WOS:000229788000023 PM 18970078 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Michalek, G Xie, H Lepping, RP Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Michalek, G Xie, H Lepping, RP Howard, RA TI Solar source of the largest geomagnetic storm of cycle 23 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; PROMINENCE; FIELDS AB The largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 23 occurred on 2003 November 20 with a Dst index of - 472 nT, due to a coronal mass ejection (CME) from active region 0501. The CME near the Sun had a sky-plane speed of similar to 1660 km/s, but the associated magnetic cloud ( MC) arrived with a speed of only 730 km/s. The MC at 1 AU ( ACE Observations) had a high magnetic field ( similar to 56 nT) and high inclination to the ecliptic plane. The southward component of the MC's magnetic field was made up almost entirely of its axial field because of its east-south-west (ESW) chirality. We suggest that the southward pointing strong axial field of the MC reconnected with Earth's front-side magnetic field, resulting in the largest storm of the solar cycle 23. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S09 DI 10.1029/2004GL021639 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 927QM UT WOS:000229211400001 ER PT J AU Mitrescu, C Haynes, JM Stephens, GL Miller, SD Heymsfield, GM McGill, MJ AF Mitrescu, C Haynes, JM Stephens, GL Miller, SD Heymsfield, GM McGill, MJ TI Cirrus cloud optical, microphysical, and radiative properties observed during the CRYSTAL-FACE experiment: A lidar-radar retrieval system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE PARTICLE DENSITIES; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; WATER-CONTENT; AIRCRAFT; ATMOSPHERE; FEEDBACK; DEPTH; MODEL; SIZE AB [1] A method of retrieving cloud microphysical properties using combined observations from both cloud radar and lidar is introduced. The description of the lidar-radar model accounts for nonspherical effects of the ice crystals, with a treatment for multiple scattering and Mie effects. This retrieval makes use of an improvement to the traditional optimal estimation retrieval method, whereby a series of corrections are applied to the state vector during the search for an iterative solution. This allows faster convergence to a solution and is less processor intensive. The retrieval method is applied to radar and lidar observations from the CRYSTAL-FACE experiment, and vertical profiles of ice crystal characteristic diameter, number concentration, and ice water content are retrieved for a cirrus cloud layer observed 1 day of that experiment. Empirical relationships between ice water content and radar reflectivity as well as between particle number concentrations and characteristic diameter are also examined. The results indicate that a distinct and robust relationship exists between the latter two parameters, offering insight into the nature of cirrus microphysical processes. C1 USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mitrescu, C (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mitrescu@nrlmry.navy.mil; haynes@atmos.colostate.edu; stephens@atmos.colostate.edu; miller@nrlmry.navy.mil; gerald.heymsfield@nasa.gov; mcgill@virl.gsfc.nasa.gov RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D9 AR D09208 DI 10.1029/2004JD005605 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 927QO UT WOS:000229211700003 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Whitley, JL Hayhurst, A Clapp, AR Uyeda, HT Deschamps, JR Lassman, ME Mattoussi, H AF Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Whitley, JL Hayhurst, A Clapp, AR Uyeda, HT Deschamps, JR Lassman, ME Mattoussi, H TI A hybrid quantum dot-antibody fragment fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based TNT sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; BIOSENSOR; MUTAGENICITY; EXPLOSIVES; SECURITY; DONORS; WAR AB We demonstrate the use of luminescent QDs conjugated to antibody fragments to develop solution-phase nanoscale sensing assemblies, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the specific detection of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous environments. The hybrid sensor consists of anti-TNT specific antibody fragments attached to a hydrophilic QD via metal-affinity coordination. A dye-labeled TNT analogue prebound in the antibody binding site quenches the QD photoluminescence via proximity-induced FRET. Analysis of the data collected at increasing dye-labeled analogue to QD ratios provided an insight into understanding how the antibody fragments self-assemble on the QD. Addition of soluble TNT displaces the dye-labeled analogue, eliminating FRET and resulting in a concentration-dependent recovery of QD photoluminescence. Sensor performance and specificity were evaluated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Biomed Genom, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erg@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR 12087] NR 35 TC 407 Z9 421 U1 20 U2 194 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 18 BP 6744 EP 6751 DI 10.1021/ja0436771 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 925LY UT WOS:000229055800049 PM 15869297 ER PT J AU Garcia-Rissmann, A Vega, LR Asari, NV Fernandes, RC Schmitt, H Delgado, RMG Storchi-Bergmann, T AF Garcia-Rissmann, A Vega, LR Asari, NV Fernandes, RC Schmitt, H Delgado, RMG Storchi-Bergmann, T TI An atlas of calcium triplet spectra of active galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : Seyfert galaxies : statistics; galaxies : stellar content ID INFRARED CAII TRIPLET; BLACK-HOLE MASS; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSION; EMPIRICAL CALIBRATION; GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; GASEOUS KINEMATICS; LINE REGION AB We present a spectroscopic atlas of active galactic nuclei covering the region around the lambda lambda 8498, 8542, 8662 calcium triplet (CaT). The sample comprises 78 objects, divided into 43 Seyfert 2s, 26 Seyfert 1s, three starburst and six normal galaxies. The spectra pertain to the inner similar to 300 pc in radius, and thus sample the central kinematics and stellar populations of active galaxies. The data are used to measure stellar velocity dispersions (sigma(star)) with both cross-correlation and direct fitting methods. These measurements are found to be in good agreement with each other and with those in previous studies for objects in common. The CaT equivalent width is also measured. We find average values and sample dispersions of W(CaT) of 4.6 +/- 2.0, 7.0 +/- 1.0 and 7.7 +/- 1.0 angstrom for Seyfert 1s, Seyfert 2s and normal galaxies, respectively. We further present an atlas of [S III]lambda 9069 emission-line profiles for a subset of 40 galaxies. These data are analysed in a companion paper which addresses the connection between stellar and narrow-line region kinematics, the behaviour of the CaT equivalent width as a function of sigma(star), activity type and stellar population properties. C1 Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CFM, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Observ Astron, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Garcia-Rissmann, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CFM, Dept Fis, CP 476, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM aurea@astro.ufsc.br; luis@astro.ufsc.br; natalia@astro.ufsc.br; cid@astro.ufsc.br; hschmitt@css.nrl.navy.mil; rosa@iaa.es; thaisa@if.ufrgs.br RI Vale Asari, Natalia/F-1207-2013; Fernandes, Roberto/M-7334-2014; OI Vale Asari, Natalia/0000-0003-0842-8688; Fernandes, Roberto/0000-0001-9672-0296; Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa Maria/0000-0003-1058-1577 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 359 IS 2 BP 765 EP 780 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08957.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 921DY UT WOS:000228745600039 ER PT J AU Lehmberg, RH Chan, Y AF Lehmberg, RH Chan, Y TI Near-field nonuniformities in angularly multiplexed KrF fusion lasers with induced spatial incoherence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION UNIFORMITY; NIKE LASER; BEAM; ILLUMINATION; DISPERSION; PROFILES; FACILITY; SYSTEM AB Induced spatial incoherence (ISI) has been proposed for KrF laser drivers to achieve the high degree of spatial beam uniformity required for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. Although ISI provides ultrasmooth illumination at the far field of the laser, where the target is located, it can still allow the beams in the quasi-near field to develop a time-averaged spatial structure. This speckle, which arises primarily from random-phase aberration, builds up as the laser beams propagate away from the pupil plane located at the final amplifier stage; it is distinct from any structure imposed by gain nonuniformities in the amplifiers. Because of the spatial incoherence, the speckle is significantly smaller than that experienced by coherent beams. Nevertheless, it remains a damage issue, especially for the long beam delay paths required in angularly multiplexed KrF lasers. We develop a novel algorithm for calculating the time-integrated intensities; compare simulations and measurements of the near-field speckle in the Nike KrF laser; and explore options, such as aberration reduction and optical relaying, for controlling the problem in future angularly multiplexed KrF drivers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lehmberg, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lehmberg@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 14 BP 2805 EP 2817 DI 10.1364/AO.44.002805 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 925IN UT WOS:000229046900015 PM 15943333 ER PT J AU Phillips, AD MacNeice, PJ Antiochos, SK AF Phillips, AD MacNeice, PJ Antiochos, SK TI The role of magnetic helicity in coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID ACTIVE REGIONS; FLUX-ROPES; FIELDS; RELAXATION; ERUPTIONS; ENERGY; BUDGET; SPACE; MODEL; CMES AB We investigate the factors responsible for initiating coronal mass ejections (CMEs), specifically, the role of magnetic helicity. Using numerical simulations of the breakout model for CMEs, we show that eruption occurs at a fixed magnitude of free energy in the corona, independent of the value of helicity. Almost identical eruptions are obtained for both large and zero-helicity cases. Furthermore, the eruption can actually lead to an increase in the helicity remaining in the corona. These results argue strongly against recent models that postulate a critical helicity buildup and shedding as the determining factors for CME initiation. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, AD (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM aphillips@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov; pmacneic@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 624 IS 2 BP L129 EP L132 DI 10.1086/430516 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 923NK UT WOS:000228916400017 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Arnold, S AF Prokes, SM Arnold, S TI Stress-driven formation of Si nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; SILICON NANOWIRES; LASER-ABLATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; HYDROGEN AB We present an alternate mechanism for the growth of Si nanowires directly from a silicon substrate, without the use of a metal catalyst, silicon vapor or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gasses. Since the silicon wires grow directly from the silicon substrate, they do not need to be manipulated or aligned for subsequent applications. Wires in the 20-50 nm diameter range with lengths over 80 m m can be easily grown by this technique. The critical parameters in the growth of these nanowires are the surface treatment and the carrier gas used. A model is proposed involving stress-driven wire growth, which is enhanced by surface Si atom diffusion due to the presence of hydrogen gas. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 19 AR 193105 DI 10.1063/1.1925756 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 930EF UT WOS:000229397900079 ER PT J AU Nakhla, I Frenck, RW Teleb, NA El Oun, S Sultan, Y Mansour, H Mahoney, F AF Nakhla, I Frenck, RW Teleb, NA El Oun, S Sultan, Y Mansour, H Mahoney, F TI The changing epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis after introduction of bivalent A/C polysaccharide vaccine into school-based vaccination programs in Egypt SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE meningococcus; vaccine; Egypt ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; CAIRO AB Background: The strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to curtail outbreaks of meningococcus in Africa is enhanced surveillance with administration of oily chloramphenicol as well as vaccination when incidence thresholds are exceeded. The role of capsular polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine in outbreak prevention has been the subject of considerable debate. The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population initiated a school-based vaccination program with bivalent A/C capsular polysaccharide vaccine in 1992. This investigation reviews data on meningococcal meningitis in Egypt comparing years before and after introduction of the vaccine. Methods: This is a retrospective review of several sources to examine the rates and serogroups of meningococcal meningitis before and after the introduction of the meningococcal A/C vaccine in Egypt. Findings: Between 1967 and 199 1, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were documented with a periodicity of 8 years in Egypt. However, there has not been an outbreak since 1991 and over the same period, there has also been a progressive decline in the baseline incidence of meningococcus. Also, a shift from a serogroup A to serogroup B predominance in meningococcal disease was noted during the study period. These data suggest that there has been an alteration in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Egypt that coincided with the implementation of the school-based vaccination program. Interpretation: Routine use of the bivalent A/C meningococcal vaccine may be an alternative for the control and prevention of meningococcal disease in high-risk areas including the "meningitis belt". Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Protect, Cairo, Egypt. Abbasia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nakhla, I (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Attent Code 302, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM nalchlai@namru3.med.navy.mil; rfrenck@uclacvr.labiomed.org NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 25 BP 3288 EP 3293 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.084 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924SQ UT WOS:000229001100011 PM 15837234 ER PT J AU Diao, JJ Hutchison, JB Luo, GH Reeves, ME AF Diao, JJ Hutchison, JB Luo, GH Reeves, ME TI Theoretical analysis of vertical colloidal deposition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALS; LIQUID; NANOPARTICLES; ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; THICKNESS; SURFACE; ANGLE AB We have modeled the dynamics of a relatively new deposition technique, vertical colloidal deposition (VCD), for preparing nanoparticle thin films. In this process, the substrate is placed vertically in a nanoparticle suspension and is gradually exposed by evaporation or other slow solvent removal. During the film's formation, we observe that the colloidal particles are deposited only at the solid-liquid-gas interface. In contrast with the horizontal geometry, treated elsewhere, where the meniscus is pinned, we observe qualitatively different deposition behaviors. In particular, uniform films rather than rings or lines are produced. Thus, we are led to model a diffusion-driven rather than a convection-driven film growth kinetics, and we are able to predict, consistent with our experimental observations, that the film's areal density is inversely proportional to the descent speed of the suspension surface. Additionally, we find that for submonolayer films, the areal density is proportional to the square of the suspension concentration, converting to a linear dependence once monolayer coverage is attained. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Code 6363, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reeves, ME (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM reevesme@gwu.edu RI Diao, Jiajie/A-3425-2008 OI Diao, Jiajie/0000-0003-4288-3203 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 18 AR 184710 DI 10.1063/1.1896352 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 928MK UT WOS:000229275600069 PM 15918750 ER PT J AU Gabay, AM Larson, P Mazin, II Hadjipanayis, GC AF Gabay, AM Larson, P Mazin, II Hadjipanayis, GC TI Magnetic states and structural transformations in Sm(Co,Cu)(5) and Sm(Co,Fe,CU)(5) permanent magnets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COERCIVITY; SM(CO; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISM; ALLOYS; YCO5 AB We have studied the stability of RCo5-xCux (R = Y, Sm) compounds with respect to phase separation. First principles density functional calculations imply that (i) decomposition into two phases having different x is energetically favourable and (11) both the stable x values and the Cu atomic site preferences depend on the magnetic state of the alloys. Guided by this result, we studied the structure and magnetic properties of different Sm(Co, Cu)(5) and Sm(Co,Fe,Cu)(5) alloys. Separation into two chemically dissimilar Sm(Co, Cu)5 phases is typical for the as-made Sm(Co,Cu)(5) alloys. We also observed in different alloys a universal correlation between the room-temperature coercivity and the magnetic state at the temperature of annealing. The coercivity increases significantly if annealed 100-140&DEG; C below the Curie temperature; in particular, for SmCo2.25Fe0.75Cu2, the room-temperature coercivity increases from 12.3 to 37.3 kOe. The possibility of different magnetic state-dependent structure transformations is discussed. The experimental results do not support the spinodal decomposition theory, so we suggest that the coercivity increase might be caused by a change in preferred atomic site occupancies. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gabay, AM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM gabay@udel.edu RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1341 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/9/002 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932KL UT WOS:000229552500003 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Coy, L Espy, P AF Siskind, DE Coy, L Espy, P TI Observations of stratospheric warmings and mesospheric coolings by the TIMED SABER instrument SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; THERMOSPHERE AB We used temperature data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the the NASA TIMED satellite to quantify the connection between temperatures in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Specifically, we studied three winter periods where stratospheric temperatures were dynamically disturbed: February 2002, August, 2002, and February 2003. The SABER temperatures show a clear signature of mesospheric coolings in concert with stratospheric warmings. Mesospheric temperatures between 0.7 hPa and 0.01 hPa show a significant anticorrelation with stratospheric temperatures. For pressures < 0.01 hPa, this anticorrelation breaks down, in disagreement with recent model results from a thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere general circulation model that suggest mesospheric coolings persist up to 110 km. Also, the lack of a clear correlation between stratospheric temperatures and those at 83 - 90 km suggests that measurements of the OH Meinel band temperatures at those altitudes may not be representative of the entire mesosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Div Phys Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 AR L09804 DI 10.1029/2005GL022399 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 926TG UT WOS:000229145200005 ER PT J AU Moniz, L Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Seaver, M Trickey, ST Todd, MD Pecora, LM Virgin, LN AF Moniz, L Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Seaver, M Trickey, ST Todd, MD Pecora, LM Virgin, LN TI A multivariate, attractor-based approach to structural health monitoring SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID MINIMIZING NATURAL FREQUENCY; DAMAGE DETECTION; CORRELATION DIMENSION; NOVELTY DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; INTERROGATION; VALIDATION; ERRORS; MODEL AB In this work, recent advances in the use of nonlinear time-series analysis for structural health monitoring are extended to incorporate multivariate data. Structural response data recorded at multiple locations are combined using a multivariate time delay embedding in order to reconstruct the structure's dynamical attractor. Using this approach, a global phase-space representation of the dynamics may be realized for spatially extended systems. A new attractor-based metric, chaotic amplification of attractor distortion (CAAD), is then introduced as a damage sensitive feature. The approach is implemented using data acquired from a composite beam, bolted at either end to steel plates. Degradation to the system is introduced as a loosening of the bolts at one end of the structure. Results based on multivariate attractor reconstruction show a clear ability to detect both the presence and magnitude of damage to the connection. Comparisons are then drawn between this approach and one where the same feature is extracted from attractors reconstructed using data acquired from the individual sensor locations. These features are combined "post-extraction" using a linear discriminant coordinant analysis. Performing the analysis separately at the individual sensor locations results in a significant reduction in discriminating power. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moniz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.04.016 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 918FJ UT WOS:000228527400014 ER PT J AU Garzon, S Zutic, I Webb, RA AF Garzon, S Zutic, I Webb, RA TI Temperature-dependent asymmetry of the nonlocal spin-injection resistance: Evidence for spin nonconserving interface scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; TRANSPORT; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ACCUMULATION; VALVE AB We report nonlocal spin injection and detection experiments on mesoscopic Co-Al2O3-Cu spin valves. We have observed a temperature-dependent asymmetry in the nonlocal resistance between parallel and antiparallel configurations of the magnetic injector and detector. This strongly supports the existence of a nonequilibrium resistance that depends on the relative orientation of the detector magnetization and the nonequilibrium magnetization in the normal metal providing evidence for increasing interface spin scattering with temperature. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, USC NanoCtr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Garzon, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 26 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 17 AR 176601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.176601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 923TM UT WOS:000228932200054 PM 15904322 ER PT J AU Ding, K Chen, JY Ji, M Wu, XH Varady, J Yang, CY Lu, YP Deschamps, JR Levant, B Wang, SM AF Ding, K Chen, JY Ji, M Wu, XH Varady, J Yang, CY Lu, YP Deschamps, JR Levant, B Wang, SM TI Enantiomerically pure hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as potent and selective dopamine 3 subtype receptor ligands SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COCAINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HIGH-AFFINITY; D3 RECEPTOR; RAT-BRAIN; ANTAGONISTS; INHIBITION; SEROTONIN; DISCOVERY; AGONISTS; BINDING AB We report the design and synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure hexabydropyrazino-quinolines as potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 subtype receptor using a newly developed synthetic method and using in vitro pharmacological evaluation. Our efforts yielded optically pure ligands with high affinities for the D-3 receptor and outstanding selectivity over closely related D-1-like and D-2-like receptors. For example, compound 38a has a K-i value of 5.7 nM to the D-3 receptor and selectivity greater than 10000- and 1600-fold over the D-1-like and D-2-like receptors, respectively, and thus is one of the most selective D-3 ligands reported to date. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shaomeng@umich.edu RI Wang, Shaomeng/E-9686-2010; Ding, Ke/B-3257-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; ding, ke/0000-0001-8167-0476; Ding, Ke/0000-0001-9016-812X NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3171 EP 3181 DI 10.1021/jm0490311 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 922WX UT WOS:000228871700014 PM 15857123 ER PT J AU Tse, KY Nichols, BM Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Tse, KY Nichols, BM Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ TI Electrical properties of diamond surfaces functionalized with molecular monolayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; SILICON SURFACES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; HOLE MOBILITY; POLYCRYSTALLINE; IMPEDANCE; HYBRIDIZATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB Recent studies have shown that semiconductor surfaces such as silicon and diamond can be functionalized with organic monolayers, and that these monolayer films can be used to tether biomolecules such as DNA to the surfaces. Electrical measurements of these interfaces show a change in response to DNA hybridization and other biological binding processes, but the fundamental nature of the electrical signal transduction has remained unclear. We have explored the electrical impedance of polycrystalline and single-crystal diamond surfaces modified with an organic monolayer produced by photochemical reaction of diamond with 1-dodecene. Our results show that, by measuring the impedance as a function of frequency and potential, it is possible to dissect the complex interfacial structure into frequency ranges where the total impedance is controlled by the molecular monolayer, by the diamond space-charge region, and by the electrolyte. The results have implications for understanding the ability to use molecularly modified semiconductor surfaces for applications such as chemical and biological sensing. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 17 BP 8523 EP 8532 DI 10.1021/jp046433w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 922OO UT WOS:000228847500034 PM 16852003 ER PT J AU Boyles, DA Filipova, TS Bendler, JT Longbrake, G Reams, J AF Boyles, DA Filipova, TS Bendler, JT Longbrake, G Reams, J TI Synthesis of high aspect ratio bisphenols and polycarbonates incorporating bisaryl units SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYCARBONATES; ORGANOBORON COMPOUNDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; ENTANGLEMENT; POLYCONDENSATION; PALLADIUM; LENGTH; ACID AB Theoretical arguments linking monomer geometries to polymer fracture strengths and melt flow properties provide the rationale for design of a series of isomeric, high-aspect ratio bisphenols and new polycarbonates. An efficient synthesis of these monomers in addition to an optimal triphosgenation-based method for the synthesis of high molecular weight polycarbonates is presented. Preparation and polymerization of o-, meta-, and p-tetraaryl bisphenol A are reported, in addition to glass transition temperatures of the new polycarbonates. In accordance with expectations, the p- and m- isomers form ductile, amorphous high-heat films, while the o-isomer produces a relatively low-T-g brittle glass. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Boyles, DA (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM David.Boyles@sdsmt.edu; Tsvetanka.Filipova@sdsmt.edu; guylongbrake@yahoo.com; jreams1@uno.com NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3622 EP 3629 DI 10.1021/ma048616m PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 921BG UT WOS:000228738600016 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Lowy, DA Hung, CW Singh, A AF Stanish, I Lowy, DA Hung, CW Singh, A TI Vesicle-based rechargeable batteries SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; THIN-FILM; ELECTRODES; SYSTEMS; MICROSCOPY; DENSITY AB Vesicle-based rechargeable batteries can be fabricated by mounting polymerized vesicles filled with ferrocyanide or ferricyanide to a conductive surface (see Figure). The potential can be adjusted by changing the concentration ratio of hydroquinone and benzoquinone bound to the vesicle membranes. These batteries show promise as a means of supplying portable power for future autonomous nanosystems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 2 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1194 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200401132 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 923YD UT WOS:000228944600019 ER PT J AU Haucke, H Liu, X Vignola, JF Houston, BH Marcus, MH Baldwin, JW AF Haucke, H Liu, X Vignola, JF Houston, BH Marcus, MH Baldwin, JW TI Effects of annealing and temperature on acoustic dissipation in a micromechanical silicon oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; QUALITY FACTORS; ELECTRON-BEAM; CANTILEVERS; LASER; RESONATORS AB The temperature dependence (15-320 K) of the acoustic dissipation was studied for some lower vibrational modes of a suspended silicon plate 1.5,mu m thick. Our oscillator was exposed to the laboratory environment prior to measurement, laser annealed while in a cryogenic vacuum, and remeasured. We find a dissipation peak at 160 K, similar to results by others, and a second dissipation peak near 30 K. Annealing reduced the dissipation at 160 K by as much as a factor of 10, and gave quality factors as high as 1.4 X 10(6) at 470 kHz and our lowest temperature. Our data support the idea that the 160 K peak is related to adsorbates, and show this mechanism is important at room temperature. Post-anneal room-temperature dissipation appears to be limited by thermoelastic loss for certain modes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haucke, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hans.haucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 18 AR 181903 DI 10.1063/1.1921354 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 928RF UT WOS:000229288700014 ER PT J AU Fatemi, M AF Fatemi, M TI Absolute measurement of lattice parameter in single crystals and epitaxic layers on a double-crystal X-ray diffractometer SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID THIN SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS; RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION AB Details of the recently developed 'zone technique' for the absolute measurement of lattice parameter and strain in single-crystal solids and thin films are presented. The method is based on measuring X-ray rocking curves from a few equatorial planes within a suitable zone and correcting their peak positions at once with a single zero offset. In contrast to the comparative method, which usually requires use of two opposite azimuthal directions, those in the zone technique can often be completed in only one azimuthal setting. A typical strained layer in the cubic system can be fully and rapidly characterized with only three rocking curves. The technique is suitable for routine applications under typical laboratory conditions, and for high-precision measurements of nearly perfect crystals in a controlled environment, with a potential parts in 10 million accuracy. This degree of accuracy is a direct consequence of the zero offset correction procedure, which effectively cancels a large portion of the misalignment errors in the diffractometer. The use of the (n, - n) geometry substantially reduces the errors of eccentricity compared to the Bond technique, and its stronger reflections enable the measurement of small samples about 0.05 mm in length with relative ease. The technique is illustrated with examples, and its extension to the triple-axis (omega-2 theta) instruments is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fatemi@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAY PY 2005 VL 61 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1107/S0108767305004496 PN 3 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 918LK UT WOS:000228543100001 PM 15846033 ER PT J AU Snider, KF AF Snider, KF TI Rortyan pragmatism - "Where's the beef" for public administration? SO ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLASSICAL PRAGMATISM; UPGRADE; NEEDS; MILLER,HUGH,T.; INQUIRY C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-3997 J9 ADMIN SOC JI Adm. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1177/009599705274671 PG 5 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 914IU UT WOS:000228221900005 ER PT J AU Edwards, JL Gouldin, FC Grinstein, FF Kailasanath, K AF Edwards, JL Gouldin, FC Grinstein, FF Kailasanath, K TI Reduced-order structure of reacting rectangular jets SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; DRIVEN COMBUSTION INSTABILITY; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; ACTIVE CONTROL; SHEAR FLOWS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; FUEL-INJECTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB The results of proper orthogonal decomposition analyses on CO(2) number density and vorticity magnitude data from reacting rectangular jet simulations are presented. The resulting proper orthogonal decomposition eigen-functions are used to develop physical insight of the vortex formations and dynamics of these jets and their related mixing and spreading characteristics. It is seen that different vortex structures are captured in the eigenfunctions and that CO(2) and vorticity eigenfunctions are very similar indicating that vortex-driven mixing dominates in these jets. The eigenvalue spectra associated with these eigenfunctions are. used to evaluate the information content of the eigenfunctions; and the potential for reduced-order models. Using subsets of eigenfunctions with high information content, CO(2) and vorticity magnitude distributions can be represented with relatively few eigenfunctions. However, as the flows develop downstream, more eigenfunctions are needed to represent them to the same level of accuracy. The potential for reduced-order modeling of each field is approximately the same for the jets of aspect ratios 1, 2, and 3; however, there is stronger potential for reduced-order modeling of the CO(2) field than of the vorticity field. C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edwards, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1087 DI 10.2514/1.6426 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 923AI UT WOS:000228880600015 ER PT J AU Tovanabutra, S Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Sankale, JL Sanders-Buell, E Kim, B Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Tovanabutra, S Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Sankale, JL Sanders-Buell, E Kim, B Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Characterization of complete HIV type 1 genomes from non-B subtype infections in U.S. military personnel SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; GENETIC SUBTYPES; UNITED-STATES; RECOMBINANT; SEROCONVERSION; BREAKPOINTS; ORIGIN; RISK AB Infections with non-B HIV-1 subtypes are rare in the United States, but comprise a significant percentage of infections among U. S. military personnel. Risk behavior while on overseas deployment correlates with non-B infection in this population. Extensive genetic characterization will be required to define HIV-1 diversity, and to effectively evaluate requirements for HIV-1 vaccines and other prevention strategies in this group. From 1997 to 2000, 520 recent seroconverters, identified through routine HIV-1 testing in the U. S. active military force, volunteered for a prospective study. V3 loop serology or partial genome sequencing identified 28 non-B subtype infections; 14 were studied by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Five strains were CRF01_AE. Four of these clustered with CM240 from Thailand, and one clustered with African CRF01_AE. Four strains were CRF02_AG, prevalent in West and West Central Africa. Two strains were subtype C. One strain was a unique recombinant between CRF01_AE and subtype B, and another was a complex unique recombinant between subtype A and D. The final strain was a member of a complex circulating recombinant first identified in Senegal, CRF09_cpx, incorporating subtypes A, F, G, and an unclassified genome. This diversity of non-B subtype HIV-1 strains, encompassing three globally prevalent non-B strains and including rare or even possibly unique strains, illustrates the breadth of U. S. military exposure while deployed and sets the bar higher for breadth of cross-subtype protection to be afforded by an HIV-1 vaccine. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard AIDS Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Global Mol Epidemiol Program, 16000 Ease Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.424 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700013 PM 15929707 ER PT J AU Luo, GX Davis, T Elster, E Tadaki, D AF Luo, GX Davis, T Elster, E Tadaki, D TI Jekyll and hyde: Differential effects of anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody on induction of CD4+cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and apoptosis at low vs high doses. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 21-25, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 SU 11 MA 817 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 927WQ UT WOS:000229231601236 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Chamberlin, C Mannon, RB Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD Hale, DA AF Elster, EA Chamberlin, C Mannon, RB Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD Hale, DA TI Three-year experiernce with alemtuzumab induction. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 21-25, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 NIDDK, Transplantat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 SU 11 MA 1623 BP 569 EP 569 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 927WQ UT WOS:000229231602438 ER PT J AU Singhsilarak, T Leowattana, W Looareesuwan, S Wongchotigul, V Jiang, J Richards, AL Watt, G AF Singhsilarak, T Leowattana, W Looareesuwan, S Wongchotigul, V Jiang, J Richards, AL Watt, G TI Short report: Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in clinical samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCRUB-TYPHUS INFECTIONS; NORTHERN THAILAND; REACTION ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS AB Orientia tsutsugamushi infection causes scrub typhus, a common zoonosis of rural Asia. Orientia tsutsugamushi was recently detected by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay in animal specimens. We evaluated the same qPCR assay in specimens obtained from patients with serologically proven scrub typhus infections. The 47-kDa qPCR assay was more sensitive than was mouse inoculation; it was reactive in whole blood specimens from all 10 isolate-positive patients and in 7 of 17 isolate-negative individuals (P = 0.003, Fisher's two-tailed exact test). As few as 1,076 O. tsutsugamushi copies/μ L were detected in whole blood. Four of 7 sera from isolate-proven scrub typhus infections were also reactive by qPCR. The assay was unreactive in all 12 individuals without scrub typhus infection. This is the first demonstration of a sensitive and specific real-time qPCR assay for human scrub typhus infection. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, AIDS Clin Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Watt, G (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM tmtss@mahidol.ac.th; leowattana@yahoo.com; tmslr@mshidol.ac.th; tmvwc@mahidol.ac.th; JiangJ@nmrc.navy.mail; RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil; gwattth@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 BP 640 EP 641 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 924UX UT WOS:000229007200026 PM 15891142 ER PT J AU Lujan, E Mecklenburg, BW Birmingham, SD Heil, JW Tarant, NS Kaczynski, SS Green, R AF Lujan, E Mecklenburg, BW Birmingham, SD Heil, JW Tarant, NS Kaczynski, SS Green, R TI Addition of lipophilic opioids to bupivicaine-morphine mixture for cesarean section reduces intraoperative and early postoperative pain SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Obstetric-Anesthesia-and-Perinatology CY MAY 04-07, 2005 CL Palm Desert, CA SP Soc8 Obstetr Anesthesia & Perinatol ID FENTANYL C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 102 IS 5 BP A46 EP A46 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 920EU UT WOS:000228673000115 ER PT J AU Cilento, BW Futran, N AF Cilento, BW Futran, N TI Imaging case study of the month - Retroesophageal thyrothymic thyroid rest SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLAND; MEDIASTINUM C1 Univ Washington, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cilento, BW (reprint author), USN Hosp, Guam PSC 490,Box 7635, FPO, AP 96538 USA. EM bencilento@mac.com FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00018] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 114 IS 5 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 927BJ UT WOS:000229167100015 PM 15966532 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Qin, XY Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Qin, XY Sun, FR Wu, C TI Irreversible absorption heat-pump and its optimal performance SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; absorption heat-pump; heat resistances; heat leak; internal irreversibilities ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; TRANSFER LAW; THERMODYNAMICS; REFRIGERATORS; SYSTEMS; CYCLES; PLANTS; LOAD AB On the basis of an endoreversible absorption heat-pump cycle, a generalized irreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat-pump cycle model is established by taking account of the heat resistances, heat leak and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working substance. The heat transfer between the heat reservoir and the working substance is assumed to obey the linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law, and the overall heat-transfer surface area of the four heat-exchangers is assumed to be constant. The fundamental optimal relations between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating load, the maximum COP and the corresponding heating-load, the maximum heating-load and the corresponding COP, as well as the optimal temperatures of the working substance and the optimal heat-transfer surface areas of the four heat-exchangers are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the characteristics of the cycle are studied by numerical examples. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 55 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.05.001 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 910IV UT WOS:000227925500004 ER PT J AU O'Neill, LTJ Blair, M Graham, BS AF O'Neill, LTJ Blair, M Graham, BS TI Necrotic ulcer on the thumb of a teenager with leukemia SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ASPERGILLOSIS C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP O'Neill, LTJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 141 IS 5 BP 635 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 925IC UT WOS:000229045800021 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Henden, A Fraser, OJ Silvestri, NM Schmidt, GD Bochanski, JJ Wolfe, MA Agueros, M Anderson, SF Mannikko, L Downes, RA Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J AF Szkody, P Henden, A Fraser, OJ Silvestri, NM Schmidt, GD Bochanski, JJ Wolfe, MA Agueros, M Anderson, SF Mannikko, L Downes, RA Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J TI Cataclysmic variables from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. IV. The fourth year (2003) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; dwarf novae; novae, cataclysmic variables ID DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARFS; SPECTROSCOPY; CATALOG; SYSTEM; STARS AB This paper continues the series presenting cataclysmic variables identified during the fourth year ( 2003) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We describe 44 close binary systems, of which 12 are the previously known systems EN Cet, EG Cnc, V844 Her, GG Leo, Leo 7, CY UMa, DV UMa, EK UMa, EV UMa, UMa 8, EUVE J0854+390, and RX J0859.1+0537 and 32 are new cataclysmic variables. As in the previous papers, the positions, colors, and spectra of all 44 systems are shown, along with follow-up spectroscopic, photometric, and/or polarimetric observations of 15 of the new systems. The new objects include one eclipsing system, eight with prominent He II emission ( of which two are confirmed new polars), and 12 systems showing features of the underlying stars. Our spectropolarimetry also confirms EUVE J0854+390 as a polar. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014 OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664 NR 31 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 129 IS 5 BP 2386 EP 2399 DI 10.1086/429595 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922AG UT WOS:000228807100021 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Kaplan, GH AF Makarov, VV Kaplan, GH TI Statistical constraints for astrometric binaries with nonlinear motion SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : general ID TYCHO-2 CATALOG; PROPER MOTIONS; STARS; COMPANION AB Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binaries in the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motion differences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Delta mu), accelerations of proper motions ((mu)over dot), and second derivatives of proper motions (<(mu)double over dot>). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can be estimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs of astrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significant proper motion differences and the other of binaries with significant accelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations between the astrometric observables Delta mu, (mu)over dot, and <(mu)double over dot> and the orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkable difference between the distribution of spectral types of stars with large accelerations but small proper motion differences and that of stars with large proper motion differences but insignificant accelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample of binaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in the Hipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated by solar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point out that the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longer than about 6 yr). C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave,MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM valeri.makarov@jpl.nasa.gov OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 14 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 129 IS 5 BP 2420 EP 2427 DI 10.1086/429590 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922AG UT WOS:000228807100024 ER PT J AU Munari, U Henden, A Vallenari, A Bond, HE Corradi, RLM Crause, L Desidera, S Giro, E Marrese, PM Ragaini, S Siviero, A Sordo, R Starrfield, S Tomov, T Villanova, S Zwitter, T Wagner, RM AF Munari, U Henden, A Vallenari, A Bond, HE Corradi, RLM Crause, L Desidera, S Giro, E Marrese, PM Ragaini, S Siviero, A Sordo, R Starrfield, S Tomov, T Villanova, S Zwitter, T Wagner, RM TI On the distance, reddening and progenitor of V838 Mon SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; stars : early-type; stars : individual : V838 Mon; stars : winds; outflows; ISM : lines and bands; stars : peculiar ID OPEN CLUSTERS; EVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCES; RADIATIVE OPACITIES; GALACTIC STRUCTURE; STELLAR MODELS; LIGHT ECHOES; MONOCEROTIS; OUTBURST; STARS; ERUPTION AB Extensive optical and infrared photometry as well as low and high resolution spectroscopy are used as inputs in deriving robust estimates of the reddening, distance and nature of the progenitor of V838 Mon, the 2002 outbursting event that produced a most spectacular light-echo. The reddening affecting V838 Mon is found to obey the R-V = 3.1 law and amounts to (i) EB-V = 0.86 from the interstellar NaI and KI lines; (ii) EB-V = 0.88 from the energy distribution of the B3 V component; and (iii) EB-V = 0.87 from the progression of extinction along the line of sight. The adopted EB-V = 0.87 +/- 0.01 is also the amount required by fitting the progenitor with theoretical isochrones of appropriate metallicity. The distance is estimated from (a) the galactic kinematics of the three components of the interstellar lines; (b) the amount of extinction vs. the HI column density and vs. the dust emission through the whole Galaxy in that direction; from (c) spectrophotometric parallax to the B3 V companion; from (d) comparison of the observed color-magnitude diagram of field stars with 3D stellar population models of the Galaxy; from (e) comparison of theoretical isochrones with the components of the binary system in quiescence and found to be around 10 kpc. Pre-outburst optical and IR energy distributions show that the component erupting in 2002 was brighter and hotter than the B3 V companion. The best fit is obtained for a 50 000 K source, 0.5 mag brighter than the B3 V companion. The latter passed unaffected through the outburst, which implies an orbital separation wide enough to avoid mass exchange during the evolution of the binary system, and to allow a safe comparison with theoretical isochrones for single stars. Such a comparison suggests that the progenitor of the outbursting component had an initial mass similar to 65 M-circle dot, that it was approaching the carbon ignition stage in its core at the time it erupted in 2002 and that the age of the V838 Mon binary system is close to 4 million yr. The 2002 event is probably just a shell thermonuclear event in the outer envelope of the star. C1 INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. Univ Arizona, USN, Observ, Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Canarias, Spain. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Munari, U (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. EM munari@pd.astro.it OI Vallenari, Antonella/0000-0003-0014-519X; Sordo, Rosanna/0000-0003-4979-0659; Desidera, Silvano/0000-0001-8613-2589; Giro, Enrico/0000-0001-7301-8285; Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664 NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 434 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041751 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 926HR UT WOS:000229114800028 ER PT J AU Tycner, C Lester, JB Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Pauls, TA White, NM AF Tycner, C Lester, JB Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Pauls, TA White, NM TI Properties of the H alpha-emitting circumstellar regions of Be stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission line, Be; techniques : interferometric ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; GAMMA-CASSIOPEIAE; ENERGY GAIN; SHELL STARS; STELLAR INTERFEROMETER; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; IR-EXCESS; B-STARS; ENVELOPES; RATES AB Long-baseline interferometric observations obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer of the H alpha-emitting envelopes of the Be stars eta Tau and beta CMi are presented. For compatibility with the previously published interferometric results in the literature of other Be stars, circularly symmetric and elliptical Gaussian models were fitted to the calibrated H alpha observations. The models are adequate for characterizing the angular distribution of the H alpha-emitting circumstellar material associated with these Be stars. To study the correlations between the various model parameters and the stellar properties, the model parameters for eta Tau and beta CMi were combined with data for other Be stars from the literature. After accounting for the different distances to the sources and stellar continuum flux levels, it was possible to study the relationship between the net H alpha emission and the physical extent of the H alpha-emitting circumstellar region. A clear dependence of the net H alpha emission on the linear size of the emitting region is demonstrated, and these results are consistent with an optically thick line emission that is directly proportional to the effective area of the emitting disk. Within the small sample of stars considered in this analysis, no clear dependence on the spectral type or stellar rotation is found, although the results do suggest that hotter stars might have more extended H alpha-emitting regions. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tycner@nofs.navy.mil; lester@astro.utoronto.ca; hajian@usno.navy.mil; tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; jbenson@nofs.navy.mil; charmaine.gilbreath@nrl.navy.mil; djh@nofs.navy.mil; pauls@nrl.navy.mil; nmw@lowell.edu NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 624 IS 1 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1086/429126 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 918OI UT WOS:000228554200035 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, RL TI Achievement of USWRP hurricane landfall research goal SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-5-643 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930LH UT WOS:000229416900019 ER PT J AU Bird, R Fagen, K Taysom, D Silverman, ED AF Bird, R Fagen, K Taysom, D Silverman, ED TI A case of bronchobiliary fistula in the setting of adult polycystic kidney and liver disease, with a review of the literature SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE bronchobiliary fistula; polycystic kidney liver disease; hepatobiliary scintigraphy ID BILIARY-BRONCHIAL FISTULA; CHRONIC-PANCREATITIS; CHOLESCINTIGRAPHY; COMPLICATION; MANAGEMENT; HIDA AB A case of bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) was demonstrated in the setting of polycystic kidney and liver disease (PCKLD) by hepatobiliary scintigraphy. High-resolution noncontrast computed tomography through the liver showed a polycystic liver. A calcified cyst adjacent to the dome of the liver appeared to have a fistulous connection with the lung on coronal reconstructions. Hepatobiliary scan confirmed the fistulous connection. In a review of the literature, BBF has been associated with hydatid cyst disease, trauma, postsurgical states, and malignancy. As demonstrated by this case, BBF is difficult to diagnose and requires a high clinical index of suspicion. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is the imaging modality of choice to confirm BBF, and PCKLD should be added to the list of antecedent etiologies. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 204, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edsilverman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 326 EP 328 DI 10.1097/01.rlu.0000159674.33299.eb PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 918UT UT WOS:000228573800008 PM 15827402 ER PT J AU Jayaweera, TM Fisher, EM Fleming, JW AF Jayaweera, TM Fisher, EM Fleming, JW TI Flame suppression by aerosols derived from aqueous solutions containing phosphorus SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NACL-WATER SOLUTION; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; PREMIXED FLAMES; FIRE SUPPRESSION; ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE; COUNTERFLOW FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; EXTINCTION; INHIBITION AB Aerosols derived from aqueous solutions containing phosphorus are investigated as possible alternatives to halon-based flame suppressants. Phosphorus-containing compounds (PCCs) have been shown to be effective flame suppressants in the gas phase; a water-based solution Would provide a practical means of delivering a condensed-phase PCC to the flame. Flame suppression was characterized by measuring the global extinction strain rate of a counterflow, nonpremixed methane-air flame with and without a PCC additive. An aqueous Solution of the additive was introduced as an aerosol into a heated chamber upstream of the air flow tube. A high-efficiency nebulizer produced a polydisperse spray of droplets with a Sauter mean diameter of 8 pin, as measured with a phase-Doppler particle analyzer. The droplet size distribution was nearly independent of the composition and flow rate of the liquid. Externally maintaining the reactant streams at 360 K allowed the water in the aerosol to evaporate prior to reaching the flame. Evaporation of water leaves behind residual particles for solutes that are solids at 360 K, and thus solid particulates, not droplets of solution, enter the flame zone. Comparisons of different solutions with different phase solutes were used to provide an estimate of the physical effect of particles on the flame. Three neat phosphorus-containing Compounds, dimethylmethylphosphonate (DEMP), diethyhnethylphoshonate (DEMP) and dimethylphosphonate (DMP) and five 1.6% molar aqueous solutions, orthophosphoric acid (OPA), phosphorus acid, phosphonic acid, methylphosphonic acid, and dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), were investigated. The acid solutions (with solid solutes) all displayed similar effectiveness, and were all slightly more effective, on a per mole basis, than the DMMP solution (a liquid solute). The effectiveness of a DMMP/water solution is found to be a weighted average of the effectiveness of its constituents. Per mole of water delivered, a 1.6% molar Solution of a PCC is approximately twice as effective in fire suppression compared to neat water vapor. Flame modeling calculations for the extinction condition with added gas-phase phosphorus compounds using a published phosphorus reaction mechanism grossly underpredict the total effectiveness of the compounds investigated. © 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Sect Combust Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fisher, EM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM emf4@cornell.edu OI Fisher, Elizabeth/0000-0002-8608-3964 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 BP 308 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.013 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 924OC UT WOS:000228987100011 ER PT J AU Baptista, AM Zhang, YL Chawla, A Zulauf, M Seaton, C Myers, EP Kindle, J Wilkin, M Burla, M Turner, PJ AF Baptista, AM Zhang, YL Chawla, A Zulauf, M Seaton, C Myers, EP Kindle, J Wilkin, M Burla, M Turner, PJ TI A cross-scale model for 3D baroclinic circulation in estuary-plume-shelf systems: II. Application to the Columbia River SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; ocean; coastal; and estuarine circulation; Eulerian-Lagrangian methods; finite volumes; finite differences; semi-implicit methods ID SALINITY; OCEAN AB This article is the second of a two-part paper on ELCIRC, an Eulerian-Lagrangian finite difference/finite volume model designed to simulate 3D baroclinic circulation across river-to-ocean scales. In part one (Zhang et al., 2004), we described the formulation of ELCIRC and assessed its baseline numerical skill. Here, we describe the application of ELCIRC within CORIE, a coastal margin observatory for the Columbia River estuary and plume. We first introduce the CORIE modeling system and its multiple modes of simulation, external forcings, observational controls, and automated products. We then focus on the evaluation of highly resolved, year-long ELCIRC simulations, using two variables (water level and salinity) to illustrate simulation quality and sensitivity to modeling choices. We show that, process-wise, simulations capture well important aspects of the response of estuarine and plume circulation to ocean, river, and atmospheric forcings. Quantitatively, water levels are robustly represented, while salinity intrusion and plume dynamics remain challenging. Our analysis highlights the benefits of conducting model evaluations over large time windows (months to years), to avoid significant localized biases. The robustness and computational efficiency of ELCIRC has proved invaluable in identifying and reducing non-algorithmic sources of errors, including parameterization (e.g., turbulence closure and stresses at the airwater interface) and external forcings (e.g., ocean conditions and atmospheric forcings). (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Coastal Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Baptista, AM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM baptista@ccalmr.ogi.edu RI Baptista, Antonio/A-4070-2016 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 935 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.012.003 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 919MU UT WOS:000228623000010 ER PT J AU Lawson, L Rothchild, D AF Lawson, L Rothchild, D TI Sovereignty reconsidered SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lawson, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 104 IS 682 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 921BJ UT WOS:000228738900006 ER PT J AU Amling, CL AF Amling, CL TI Relationship between obesity and prostate cancer SO CURRENT OPINION IN UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE body mass index; obesity; prostate cancer ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; RISK; LEPTIN; ANTHROPOMETRY; PROGRESSION AB Purpose of review This review examines the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer, with an update of recent research in this field. Recent findings A recent report of the Cancer Prevention Study II showed a direct relationship between increasing body mass index and prostate cancer mortality, However, the US Health Professionals Followup Study reported an inverse association between obesity and the risk of developing prostate cancer in men under 60 years of age or in those with a family history of prostate cancer. These studies illustrate the contradictory evidence linking obesity to prostate cancer risk and mortality. Body mass does not appear to affect the performance of prostate-specific antigen as a diagnostic test, and on prostate biopsy a lower body mass is associated with a higher cancer detection rate and a higher cancer volume as measured by core length involvement. In two recent radical prostatectomy series, obesity was associated with worse pathological features and higher biochemical recurrence rates. The higher risk of recurrence persisted in patients with organ-confined disease and negative surgical margins, implying that this risk is not related to surgical technique. Several potential biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link including hormonal alterations, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and elevated insulin-like growth factor and leptin levels. Summary Recent literature provides evidence that obesity may promote the development of a more aggressive form of prostate cancer, resulting in higher recurrence rates after primary therapy and higher cancer mortality rates overall. The mechanism to explain the association between obesity and prostate cancer is unclear. C1 USN Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0963-0643 J9 CURR OPIN UROL JI Curr. Opin. Urol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1097/01.mou.0000165550.94663.fb PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 921LD UT WOS:000228765000006 PM 15815193 ER PT J AU McManus, JG Sallee, DR AF McManus, JG Sallee, DR TI Pain management in the prehospital environment SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANYL CITRATE; MEDICAL-CARE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; NALBUPHINE ANALGESIA; MEASUREMENT TOOLS; CHILDREN; MORPHINE; RELIEF; AGE; TRAMADOL AB Pain is the leading complaint among individuals presenting to emergency departments, with up to 70% of emergency department patients having pain as part of their chief complaint [1]. Therefore, pain is also a major reason why individuals seek care from prehospital providers. In fact, McLean et al [2] found that at least 20% of prehospital patients reported moderate or severe pain. Multiple other studies [3-7] have also demonstrated that prehospital providers and emergency physicians fail to adequately recognize, assess, and treat pain. These inadequacies in prehospital pain management have resulted in recommendations to incorporate assessment scales and treatment protocols, and to undertake further pain research [6-9]. Despite these recommendations, many emergency medical services (EMS) systems still lack protocols that adequately address and treat pain in the prehospital setting. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Houston, TX 77002 USA. Emergency Med Serv, Houston, TX 77002 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Emergency Med Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP McManus, JG (reprint author), CDW EM,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM mcmanujo@ohsu.edu NR 87 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 415 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.009 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 922HM UT WOS:000228827600010 PM 15829390 ER PT J AU Goodin, DT Alexander, NB Brown, LC Callahan, DA Ebey, PS Frey, DT Gallix, R Geller, DA Gibson, CR Hoffer, JK Maxwell, JL McQuillan, BW Nikroo, A Nobile, A Olson, C Petzoldt, RW Raffray, R Rickman, WS Rochau, G Schroen, DG Sethian, J Sheliak, JD Streit, JE Tillack, M Vermillion, BA Valmianski, EI AF Goodin, DT Alexander, NB Brown, LC Callahan, DA Ebey, PS Frey, DT Gallix, R Geller, DA Gibson, CR Hoffer, JK Maxwell, JL McQuillan, BW Nikroo, A Nobile, A Olson, C Petzoldt, RW Raffray, R Rickman, WS Rochau, G Schroen, DG Sethian, J Sheliak, JD Streit, JE Tillack, M Vermillion, BA Valmianski, EI TI Demonstrating a target supply for inertial fusion energy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 14-16, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Nucl Soc Fusion Energy Div, Amer Nucl Soc Wisconsin Local Sect, Atomic Energy Soc Japan Fusion Energy Div, US DOE, Univ Wisconsin Madison ID POWER-PLANT; HEAVY-ION; INJECTION; FABRICATION; DRIVEN; DESIGN AB A central feature of an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant is a target that has been compressed and heated to fusion conditions by the energy input of the driver. The technology to economically manufacture and then position cryogenic targets at chamber center is at the heart of future IFE power plants. For direct drive IFE (laser fusion), energy is applied directly to the surface of a spherical CH polymer capsule containing the deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion fuel at approximately 18 K. For indirect drive (heavy ion fusion, HIF), the target consists of a similar fuel capsule within a cylindrical metal container or "hohlraum" which converts the incident driver energy into x-rays to implode the capsule. For either target, it must be accurately delivered to the target chamber center at a rate of about 5-10 Hz, with a precisely predicted target location. Future successful fabrication and injection systems must operate at the low cost required for energy production (about $0.25/target, about 10(4) less than current costs). Z-pinch driven IFE (ZFE) utilizes high current pulses to compress plasma to produce x-rays that indirectly heat a fusion capsule. ZFE target technologies utilize a repetition rate of about 0.1 Hz with a higher yield. This paper provides an overview of the proposed target methodologies for laser fusion, HIF, and ZFE, and summarizes advances in the unique materials science and technology development programs. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. TSD Management Associates, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. Schafer Corp, SNL, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goodin, DT (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM dan.goodin@gat.com NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1138 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 921GU UT WOS:000228753000053 ER PT J AU Kaplan, MR Knittel, DR Lawson, P Schafer, TW AF Kaplan, MR Knittel, DR Lawson, P Schafer, TW TI Panenteric melanosis: an ominous endoscopic finding SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Gastroenterol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Gastroenterol, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 61 IS 6 BP 762 EP 765 AR PII S0016-5107(04)02783-X DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02783-X PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 924NF UT WOS:000228984800024 PM 15855990 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y O'Reilly, SE AF Furukawa, Y O'Reilly, SE TI Rapid precipitation of amorphous silica and aluminum phases in experimental systems with nontronite (NAu-1) and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A465 EP A465 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701315 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Falster, AU Little, BJ AF Lee, JS Ray, RI Falster, AU Little, BJ TI Mineralogy of ferrous corrosion products formed in natural seawater SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM jlee@nrlssc.navy.mil; ray@nrlssc.navy.mil; afalster@uno.edu; blittle@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A263 EP A263 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700510 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, SE Furukawa, Y Bickmore, B Kim, J Watkins, J Newell, S AF O'Reilly, SE Furukawa, Y Bickmore, B Kim, J Watkins, J Newell, S TI Dissolution, precipitation, and Fe(III) reduction in experimental systems with nontronite (NAu-1) and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM eoreilly@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A459 EP A459 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701303 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Brozena, J Vogt, P Daniels, D Plescia, J AF Shah, AK Brozena, J Vogt, P Daniels, D Plescia, J TI New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; impact craters; gravity surveys; magnetic surveys ID EVOLUTION; CRATERS; ORIGIN AB We present high-resolution gravity and magnetic field survey results over the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Whereas a continuous melt sheet is anticipated at a crater this size, shallow-source magnetic field anomalies of similar to 100 nT instead suggest that impact melt pooled in kilometer-scaled pockets'surrounding the base of a central peak. A central anomaly of similar to 300 nT may represent additional melt or rock that underwent shock-induced remagnetization. Models predict that the total volume of the melt ranges from similar to 0.4 to 10 km(3), a quantity that is several orders of magnitude smaller than expected for an impact structure this size. However, this volume is within predictions given a transient crater of diameter of 2040 km for a target covered with water and sedimentary deposits such that melt fragments were widely dispersed at the time of impact. Gravity data delineate a gently sloping inner basin and a central peak via a contrast between crystalline and sedimentary rock. Both features are ovoid, oriented parallel to larger preimpact basement structures. Conceptual models suggest how lateral differences in rock strength due to these preimpact structures helped to shape the crater's morphology during transient-crater modification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1130/G21213.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 922AW UT WOS:000228809000022 ER PT J AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, R Chang, SC TI Design considerations leading to the development of good pi-rotation LDPC codes SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lattice; LDPC codes; Manhattan metric AB In this letter we present two theoretical results that lead to the development of good π-rotation LDPC codes. The first theorem derives bounds on the weight of the parity vector when the weight of the information vector is two. The second theorem establishes the expected number of short-loops in the parity check matrix. Several performance examples are given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rechard@gmu.edu; schang@gmu.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 9 IS 5 BP 447 EP 449 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2005.05026 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 926LI UT WOS:000229124300022 ER PT J AU Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, RE AF Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, RE TI Linearizability of TWTAs using predistortion techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE linearization; microwave power amplifiers; nonlinear distortion; predistortion linearization; quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM); traveling wave tubes (TWTs) ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES; BAND HELIX TWT; DIGITAL-COMMUNICATIONS; RF TRANSMITTERS; POWER AMPS; LINEARIZER; AMPLIFIERS; CHRISTINE; DESIGN AB Predistortion linearization is a very effective technique for improving the linearity and efficiency of traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers. In this paper, we will study the effectiveness of predistortion techniques for TWT linearization using single-tone, two-tone, and quadrature-amplitude-modulation signals. The results from a series of predistortion linearization experiments for five TWTs covering L-, C-, Ku-, and Ka-bands and including both helix- and coupled-cavity TWTs will be presented. We will demonstrate the additional improvement of fifth-order predistortion linearization over the more commonly used third-order predistortion linearization. To circumvent the complexity and limited availability of a pure fifth-order linearizer, a technique for realizing nonlinear functions of order greater than or equal to five using cascaded third-order nonlinear functions is described. The technique can be used to efficiently generate higher order nonlinearities for predistortion linearization applications. We will demonstrate experimentally that the use of two cascaded third-order functions is comparable to a pure fifth-order implementation in performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. ATK Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 718 EP 727 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.845838 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 919DY UT WOS:000228599700015 ER PT J AU Petillo, JJ Nelson, EM DeFord, JF Dionne, NJ Levush, B AF Petillo, JJ Nelson, EM DeFord, JF Dionne, NJ Levush, B TI Recent developments to the MICHELLE 2-D/3-D electron gun and collector modeling code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE beam formation; charge exchange; computer-aided design (CAD); electron gun; ion plasma; ion thrusters; MICHELLE; multistage depressed collector; multibeam gun; object-oriented design; Voyager ID EMISSION; DESIGN AB Recent developments to the MICHELLE electron gun and collector design tool are reported in this paper. The MICHELLE code is a new finite-element (FE) two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell code that has been designed to address the recent beam optics modeling and simulation requirements for vacuum electron devices, ion sources, and charged-particle transport. Problem classes specifically targeted include depressed collectors, gridded-guns, multibeam guns, sheet-beam guns, and ion thrusters. The focus of the development program is to combine modern FE techniques with improved physics models. The code employs a conformal mesh, including both structured and unstructured mesh architectures for meshing flexibility, along with a new method for accurate, efficient particle tracking. New particle emission models for thermionic beam representation are included that support primary emission, with an advanced secondary emission model. This paper reports on three significant advances to MICHELLE over the past year; hybrid structured/unstructured mesh support, a time-domain electrostatic algorithm, and an ion plasma model with charge exchange. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Milwaukee, WI 53092 USA. Raytheon Co, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, JJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM jpetillo@bos.saic.com NR 12 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 742 EP 748 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.845800 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 919DY UT WOS:000228599700018 ER PT J AU Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Cooke, SJ Levush, B AF Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Cooke, SJ Levush, B TI Spurious reflection of space charge fields in TWTAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE matching; reflections; self fields; traveling wave tubes AB The reflection of waves at the termination of a beam loaded traveling wave structure is considered. The presence of a bunched beam in the structure induces additional currents and voltages on the structure, which give rise to an additional reflection at the termination. This effect is first illustrated in a simple transmission line model, and then a formal field-based derivation for the reflection in a periodic structure is presented. Simple estimates for the magnitude of the reflection can be made based on the amplifier's Pierce parameter. Unlike the reflection due to a mismatched load, the spurious reflection due to the beam depends on signal power level. The spurious reflection can be simulated in large signal parametric codes, and examples of this are presented. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antonsen, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.845869 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 919DY UT WOS:000228599700020 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B AF Cooke, SJ Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B TI Three-dimensional modeling of AC space charge for large-signal TWT simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE simulation; space charge; traveling wave tubes (TWTs) AB We describe a new model for calculating the ac space charge in a linear-beam traveling wave tube (TWT) large-signal simulation code when the true three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of the interaction circuit is taken into account. We use the 3-D electromagnetic simulation code CTLSS to characterize the ac space charge fields generated by a set of test currents placed inside the periodic interaction structure. This information, expressed in matrix form, is used by the large-signal simulation codes CHRISTINE-1D and CHRISTINE-3D to compute self-consistently the additional space charge field terms due to the structure in response to the beam evolution during the simulation. We present the formulation, and describe the implementation in both CTLSS and the large-signal codes. We validate the model by comparison with the analytical sheath helix model, and evaluate the importance of including this correction for modeling a number of helix and coupled-cavity TWT devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 764 EP 773 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.845870 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 919DY UT WOS:000228599700021 ER PT J AU Dialetis, D Chernin, DP Cooke, SJ Antonsen, TM Chang, CL Levush, B AF Dialetis, D Chernin, DP Cooke, SJ Antonsen, TM Chang, CL Levush, B TI Comparative analysis of the Curnow and Malykhin-Konnov-Komarov (MKK) circuits as representations of coupled-cavity slow-wave structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 27-29, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE coupled-cavity; lumped circuit element representation ID EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT; TUBES AB Two lumped element models of coupled-cavity slow-wave structures, one due to Curnow (1965) and another due to Malykhin, Konnov, and Komarov (MKK) (2003), are compared. The basis of comparison is the level of accuracy with which the models reproduce the cold circuit phase velocity and characteristic impedance of the structures as functions of frequency, as obtained from numerical solutions of Maxwell's field equations. Two distinct types of coupled-cavity structure are analyzed using these two models. These bare a C-band double staggered ladder circuit and an L-band slot coupled "Hughes-type" structure. We find for the C-band case, both the Curnow and MKK models give excellent representations of both the cavity and slot bands, but for the L-band case the Curnow model has no solution when an attempt is made to fit both the cavity and slot bands, while the MKK model accurately represents both bands in this case. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dialetis, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 774 EP 782 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.846353 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 919DY UT WOS:000228599700022 ER PT J AU Njoku, EG Ashcroft, P Chan, TK Li, L AF Njoku, EG Ashcroft, P Chan, TK Li, L TI Global survey and statistics of radio-frequency interference in AMSR-E land observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY FEB 24-27, 2004 CL Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); microwave radiometry; microwave remote sensing; radio-frequency interference (RFI) ID SOIL-MOISTURE; RETRIEVAL; EOS AB Radio-frequency interference (RFI) is an increasingly serious problem for passive and active microwave sensing of the Earth. To satisfy their measurement objectives, many spaceborne passive sensors must operate in unprotected bands, and future sensors may also need to operate in unprotected bands. Data from these sensors are likely to be increasingly contaminated by RFI as the spectrum becomes more crowded. In a previous paper we reported on a preliminary investigation of RFI observed over the United States in the 6.9-GHz channels of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the Earth Observing System Aqua satellite. Here, we extend the analysis to an investigation of RFI in the 6.9- and 10.7-GHz AMSR-E channels over the global land domain and for a one-year observation period. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the RFI are examined by the use of spectral indices. The observed RFI at 6.9 GHz is most densely concentrated in the United States, Japan, and the Middle East, and is sparser in Europe, while at 10.7 GHz the RF1 is concentrated mostly in England, Italy, and Japan. Classification of RFI using means and standard deviations of the spectral indices is effective in identifying strong RFI. In many cases, however, it is difficult, using these indices, to distinguish weak RFI from natural geophysical variability. Geophysical retrievals using RFI-filtered data may therefore contain residual errors due to weak RFI. More robust radiometer designs and continued efforts to protect spectrum allocations will be needed in future to ensure the viability of spaceborne passive microwave sensing. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Njoku, EG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Xie, Xingmei/G-7311-2011 NR 13 TC 151 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 938 EP 947 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.837507 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800003 ER PT J AU Turk, FJ Miller, SD AF Turk, FJ Miller, SD TI Toward improved characterization of remotely sensed precipitation regimes with MODIS/AMSR-E blended data techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY FEB 24-27, 2004 CL Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll DE Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); cirrus; microwave; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); multispectral; precipitation; satellite; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; TROPICAL CIRRUS; AMSR-E; ALGORITHMS; WATER; CONVECTION; METEOSAT; CHANNELS; CLIMATE AB The multispectral sensing capabilities afforded by the 36-channel Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites have the potential to improve satelite-derived cloud and precipitation products. Included in this channel suite are spectral bands having particular sensitivity to both cloud vertical distribution and near cloud-top microphysics. EOS Aqua, the local afternoon crossing satellite, carries in addition to MODIS the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E), a conically scanning passive microwave (PMW) instrument with 12 channels between 6.9 and 89 GHz. While limited by revisit time from low-earth orbit, Aqua provides an ideal test bed for investigating high refresh-rate, geostationary-based blended PMW/optical-spectrum techniques related to improved cloud characterization and precipitation. As the need for improved quantitative precipitation analysis has grown in recent years, blended-satellite techniques have taken on added relevance. In this paper, we present an application of the MODIS/AMSR-E sensor. combination related to potential improvements to the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)-developed blended-satellite precipitation technique, involving the characterization of cirrus clouds. The presence of cirrus clouds above and nearby to both convective and stratiform precipitation imposes a limit to the utilization of longwave (> 10 mu m wavelength) thermal infrared channels for precipitation techniques. The established "split window" technique involving the 11-12-mu m brightness temperature difference (BTD) perform well for thin cirrus. We demonstrate that the 1.38-mu m channel (and the 3.7-11-mu m BTD at night) on MODIS, when combined with additional channels, is capable of decoupling thin surrounding cirrus from thicker ice clouds. This information may)e useful for screening thin cirrus that is often falsely interpreted is light precipitation. Radiative transfer simulations are used to demonstrate the theoretical basis for the selected multispectral channel combinations, and examples involving daytime and nigh-time Aqua overpasses are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM turk@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.841627 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800015 ER PT J AU Arkadan, AA Al Aawar, N Ericsen, T AF Arkadan, AA Al Aawar, N Ericsen, T TI EM-TFL environment for the design optimization of electromagnetic launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Biennial Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc, Seoul Natl Univ DE electromagnetic (EM); EM launcher; fuzzy logic (FL) AB An integrated electromagnetic team fuzzy logic, (EM-TFL) environment is developed for the characterization and design optimization of EM launchers (EML). In addition, a novel technique that uses FL membership functions to model the conflicting objective functions in multiobjective design optimization problems is also presented. The results of a case study involving a multistage EML are presented. C1 Marquette Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Arkadan, AA (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1772 EP 1775 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.845996 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 925WN UT WOS:000229084200105 ER PT J AU Rauscher, C AF Rauscher, C TI Design of dielectric-filled cavity filters with ultrawide stopband characteristics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE bandpass filter; evanescent-mode waveguide; high power; injection molding; moldable dielectric; ridge waveguide; waveguide filter ID WAVE AB A methodology is presented for the design of small cavity filters, relying entirely on the use of commercial general-purpose design software. Pertinent filter structures,comprise resonated segments of ridge waveguide with evanescent-mode inter-resonator coupling sections, supplemented by impedance-transforming port networks. The ridge and evanescent-mode waveguide segments combine to form a metal-clad dielectric core made of either a single dielectric or a composite material. A parameterized equivalent-circuit model is used to describe each segment based on numerical three-dimensional electromagnetic field analyses. For a bandpass filter, the technique yields low passband insertion loss, an ultrawide upper stopband region, and excellent power handling. The approach provides the option to fabricate structures at low per-unit cost with the help of newly available moldable dielectric materials. The efficacy of the technique is demonstrated with an experimental 1-1.45-GHz bandpass filter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rauscher, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rauscher@ieee.org NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1777 EP 1786 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.847069 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 925LC UT WOS:000229053600025 ER PT J AU Gendron, PJ AF Gendron, PJ TI An empirical Bayes estimator for in-scale adaptive filtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filters; recursive estimation; time-varying channels; time-varying filters; wavelet transforms ID WAVELET TRANSFORMS; VARIABLE SELECTION; ALGORITHMS; SCATTERING; TRACKING AB A scale-adaptive filtering scheme is developed for underspread channels based on a model of the linear time-varying channel operator as a process in scale. Recursions serve the purpose of adding detail to the filter estimate until a suitable measure of fidelity and complexity is met. Resolution of the channel impulse response associated with its coherence time is naturally modeled over the observation time via a Gaussian mixture assignment on wavelet coefficients. Maximum likelihood, approximate maximum a posteriori (MAP) and posterior mean estimators, as well as associated variances, are derived. Doppler spread estimation associated with the coherence time of the filter is synonymous with model order selection and a MAP estimate is presented and compared with Laplace's approximation and the popular AIC. The algorithm is implemented with conjugate-gradient iterations at each scale, and as the coherence time is recursively decreased, the lower scale estimate serves as a starting point for successive reduced-coherence time estimates. The algorithm is applied to a set of simulated sparse multipath Doppler spread channels, demonstrating the superior MSE performance of the posterior mean filter estimator and the superiority of the MAP Doppler spread stopping rule. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gendron, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.gendron@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1670 EP 1683 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.845442 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 916RM UT WOS:000228403500006 ER PT J AU Wang, RB Richie, TL Baraceros, MF Rahardjo, N Gay, T Banania, JG Charoenvit, Y Epstein, JE Luke, T Freilich, DA Norman, J Hoffman, SL AF Wang, RB Richie, TL Baraceros, MF Rahardjo, N Gay, T Banania, JG Charoenvit, Y Epstein, JE Luke, T Freilich, DA Norman, J Hoffman, SL TI Boosting of DNA vaccine-elicited gamma interferon responses in humans by exposure to malaria parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; STAGE ANTIGEN 3; PLASMID DNA; SEQUENTIAL IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CELL EPITOPES; PLASMODIUM AB A mixture of DNA plasmids expressing five Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocyte-stage antigens was administered with or without a DNA plasmid encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) as an immune enhancer. After DNA immunization, antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses were detected by ELISPOT in 15/31 volunteers to multiple class I- and/or class II-restricted T-cell epitopes derived from all five antigens. Responses to multiple epitopes (<= 7) were detected simultaneously in some volunteers. By 4 weeks after challenge with P. falciparum parasites, 23/31 volunteers had positive IFN-gamma responses and the magnitude of responses was increased from 2- to 143-fold. Nonetheless, none was protected against malaria. Volunteers who received hGM-CSF had a reduced frequency of IFN-gamma responses to class I peptides compared to those who only received plasmids expressing P. falciparum proteins before challenge (3/23 versus 3/8; P = 0.15) or after parasite challenge (4/23 versus 5/8; P = 0.015) but not to class II peptides before or after challenge. The responses to one antigen (P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein [PfCSP]) were similar among volunteers who received the five-gene mixture compared to volunteers who only received the PfCSP DNA plasmid in a previous study. In summary, DNA-primed IFN-gamma responses were boosted in humans by exposure to native antigen on parasites, coadministration of a plasmid expressing hGM-CSF had a negative effect on boosting of class I-restricted IFN-gamma responses, and there was no evidence that immunization with PfCSP DNA in the mixture reduced T-cell responses to PfCSP compared to when it was administered alone. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria Inc, 12115 Parklawn Dr,Suite L, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2863 EP 2872 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.5.2863-2872.2005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 919EE UT WOS:000228600300034 PM 15845492 ER PT J AU Rapp, PE Cellucci, CJ Watanabe, TAA Albano, AM AF Rapp, PE Cellucci, CJ Watanabe, TAA Albano, AM TI Quantitative characterization of tide complexity of multichannel human EEGs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE complexity; consciousness; EEG ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; INFORMATION; BRAIN; DIMENSION AB In this contribution, eleven different measures of the complexity of multichannel EEGs are described, and their effectiveness in discriminating between two behavioral conditions (eyes open resting versus eyes closed resting) is compared. Ten of the methods were variants of the algorithmic complexity and the covariance complexity. The eleventh measure was a multivariate complexity measure proposed by Tononi and Edelman. The most significant between-condition change was observed with Tononi-Edelman complexity which decreased in the eyes open condition. Of the algorithmic complexity measures tested, the binary Lempel-Ziv complexity and the binary Lempel-Ziv redundancy of the first principal component following mean normalization and normalization against the standard deviation gave the most significant between-group discrimination. A time-dependent generalization of the covariance complexity that can be applied to nonstationary multichannel signals is also described. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Rapp, PE (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM per23@drexell.edu; CellucciC@nmrc.navy.mil; WatanabeT@nmrc.navy.mil; aalbano@brynmawr.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1737 EP 1744 DI 10.1142/S0218127405012764 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 952AR UT WOS:000230974100013 ER PT J AU Su, S Dai, W Jordan, PM Mickens, RE AF Su, S Dai, W Jordan, PM Mickens, RE TI Comparison of the solutions of a phase-lagging heat transport equation and damped wave equation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE MEDIUM; THERMAL WAVES; PROPAGATION; RESISTANCE; FILMS; METAL AB The phase-lagging equation (PLE) is a new heat conduction equation which is different from the traditional heat equation since there exists a time lag of the heat-flux vector, while the damped wave equation (DWE) is its first-order approximation. In this article, we study the difference between the solutions of the PLE and the DWE by investigating the solutions of a test problem. Results show that the level of the solution obtained by the PLE is smaller in magnitude than the one obtained by the DWE, and that the DWE is a good approximation to the PLE when the time lag is small. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Dai, W (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM dai@coes.latech.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2233 EP 2241 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.12.024 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 928BL UT WOS:000229246000011 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Thermodynamic simulation of performance of an Otto cycle with heat transfer and variable specific heats of working fluid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; Otto cycles; heat resistance; performance optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; IRREVERSIBLE DUAL-CYCLE; EFFICIENCY CHARACTERISTICS; OPTIMAL PATHS; OPTIMIZATION; ENGINE; POWER; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The performance of an air-standard Otto cycle with heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid is analyzed by using finite-time thermodynamics. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relation between power output and the efficiency of the cycle are derived by detailed numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid on the cycle performance are analyzed. The results show that the effects of heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid on the cycle performance are obvious, and they should be considered in practice cycle analysis. The results obtained in this paper may provide guidance for the design of practice internal combustion engines. (c) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jithermalsci.2004.10.001 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 916VS UT WOS:000228415200009 ER PT J AU Woodson, SH Green, BE Chung, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR AF Woodson, SH Green, BE Chung, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR TI Understanding abrupt wing stall with computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOWS AB This paper describes the computational-fluid-dynamics efforts and lessons learned during the four-year Abrupt Wing Stall national research program. The paper details the complex nature of the transonic flows encountered by modern U.S. fighter and attack aircraft during transonic maneuvering conditions. Topics include grid resolution, computational memory and processor requirements, turbulence modeling, steady and unsteady calculations, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions compared with detached-eddy simulations for this highly complex, viscously dominated, shock-induced, massively separated class of flow. Examples include results obtained for F/A-18C, AV-8B, preproduction F/A-18E, and F-16C aircraft undergoing transonic maneuvering conditions. Various flap settings have been modeled and the computational results compared with extensive wind-tunnel data. The comparisons illustrate the results obtained from both structured and unstructured codes. The utility and accuracy of the various computational solvers is evaluated by qualitative comparisons of surface oil flow and pressure-sensitive-paint results obtained in wind tunnels for some of the models as well as by detailed quantitative pressure coefficient data where experimental results exist. Static lift coefficients are compared between the codes as well as the experimental data for each of the aircraft considered in this study. C1 USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Woodson, SH (reprint author), USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.2514/1.2730 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400002 ER PT J AU Parikh, P Chung, J AF Parikh, P Chung, J TI Computational study of the abrupt-wing-stall characteristics of F/A-18E and F-16C SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Steady-state computational-fluid-dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to gain an understanding of the physics behind the abrupt-wing-stall (AWS) phenomenon and to arrive at static figures of merit (FOMs). Navier-Stokes solutions are obtained using the NASA Langley Research Center developed TetrUSS simulation suite, which is based on tetrahedral, unstructured grids. The physics of the AWS phenomenon is understood by comparing CFD simulation results on two aircraft; a preproduction F/A-18E configuration, which exhibits AWS phenomenon under certain geometric and flow conditions, and an F-16C aircraft configuration that does not. The computational results are used to understand the possible causes of AWS by comparing the detailed flowfields between the two configurations under a variety of flow conditions. Based on this approach, a number of static figures of merit are developed to predict AWS. The potential FOMs include the break in the lift and wing-root bending moment vs angle of attack alpha and the rate of change of sectional lift with respect to alpha. A companion paper describes a similar study for the AV-8B Harrier and F/A-18C. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Parikh, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 600 EP 605 DI 10.2514/1.2857 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400004 ER PT J AU Forsythe, JR Woodson, SH AF Forsythe, JR Woodson, SH TI Unsteady computations of abrupt wing stall using detached-Eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOWS AB Unsteady computational fluid dynamics calculations are presented of the abrupt wing stall phenomenon on the preproduction F/A-18E using detached-eddy simulation. Detached-eddy simulation combines the efficiency of a Reynolds-averaged turbulence model near the wall with the fidelity of large-eddy simulation in separated regions. Because it uses large-eddy simulation in the separated regions, it is capable of predicting the unsteady motions associated with separated flows. Detached-Eddy Simulation has been applied to predict the unsteady shock motion present on the F/A-18E at transonic speeds over several angles of attack. Solution-based grid adaption is used on unstructured grids to improve the resolution in the separated region. Mean flow results are compared to leading Reynolds-averaged models showing improved predictive capability. Unsteady surface pressures are shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. The presence of low-frequency pressure oscillations due to shock motion in the current simulations and the experiments motivated a full aircraft calculation, which showed low-frequency high-magnitude rolling moments that could be a significant contributor to the abrupt wing stall phenomenon. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Forsythe, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.2514/1.2934 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400005 ER PT J AU Green, BE Ott, JD AF Green, BE Ott, JD TI F/A-18C to E wing morphing study for the abrupt-wing-stall program SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB In an effort to determine the impact of various wing parameters on the abrupt-wing-stall phenomenon encountered by the preproduction F/A-18E, various characteristics of the F/A-18C wing were modified to reflect the design changes incorporated into the F/A-18E wing. The parameters evaluated during this computational study included thickness, camber, twist, leading-edge radius, leading-edge flap-chord ratio, and the addition of a leading-edge snag. After modifying the wing parameters independently and then in combination, a computational-fluid-dynamics flow solver was used to evaluate the computational grids. A figure of merit was then used to determine the impact of the various wing parameters on the abrupt stall. Several potential computational figures of merit were evaluated to determine their utility for the prediction of an abrupt wing stall. One of the most promising figures of merit for indicating the onset of an abrupt stall was found to be the wing-root bending-moment coefficient. Using this figure of merit, it was determined that the incorporation of a leading-edge snag, the reduction of leading-edge flap-chord ratio and the elimination of camber are the likely contributors to the abrupt-stall phenomenon encountered by the aircraft. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, Pipersville, PA 18947 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM bradford.green@navy.mil; onjd@craft-tech.com NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 617 EP 626 DI 10.2514/1.2895 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400006 ER PT J AU Woodson, SH Green, BE Chun, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR AF Woodson, SH Green, BE Chun, JJ Grove, DV Parikh, PC Forsythe, JR TI Recommendations for computational-fluid-dynamics procedures for predicting abrupt wing stall SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper summarizes the lessons learned from the computational-fluid-dynamics effort of the joint NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program, discusses the results, and makes recommendations for approaches to be used in future aircraft programs to identify uncommanded lateral characteristics early in the design phase of an aircraft development program. The discussion also suggests procedures and figures of merit for use in predicting and quantifying rapid and severe wing-stall tendencies and vulnerabilities of the proposed designs. Topics addressed include critical parameters that can be used to identify uncommanded lateral activity in the transonic flow regime and the geometric parameters that were the primary contributors to the adverse lateral activity observed on preproduction F/A-18E/F aircraft. In addition, differences in steady-state and averaged time-accurate computational solutions for the F/A-18E in the abrupt-wing-stall region of interest are analyzed and compared with existing unsteady experimental data to determine the utility and accuracy of the unsteady approach. Lastly, proposed computational figures of merit are critically evaluated as indicators of possible abrupt separation tendencies, and screening procedures for the identification of those tendencies are suggested. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Woodson, SH (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.2514/1.3214 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400007 ER PT J AU Kokolios, A Cook, SP Niewoehner, RJ AF Kokolios, A Cook, SP Niewoehner, RJ TI Use of piloted simulation for evaluation of abrupt-wing-stall characteristics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A piloted simulation architecture is presented for evaluating uncommanded wing drop due to asymmetric abrupt wing stall for a given aircraft configuration. The architecture incorporates a newly proposed aerodynamic modeling technique that characterizes the wing drop motion as being triggered by aerodynamic stall, modeled by a nonzero basic rolling moment coefficient, and sustained by reduced or propelling roll, modeled via the roll damping derivative. The determination of such derivatives/coefficients from either analytical or experimental methods is not addressed, and the successful identification of such terms, on which any piloted simulation evaluation hinges, remains a topic of research. Models with varying nonzero basic rolling moment coefficients and varying roll damping were inserted into the aerodynamic model and then evaluated by a pilot familiar with wing drop. The pilot assessed the varying models, assigning handling qualities ratings to predeveloped tasks aimed at diagnosing the severity (or absence) of any wing stall characteristics. Tasks included wind-up turns and a closed-loop tracking task in which the pilot tracked a target while flying a drop-prone simulation. The pilot was able to distinguish between satisfactory and unsatisfactory aerodynamic configurations. Pilot ratings and comments, as determined by the lateral aerodynamic model, were generally consistent with the expected handling qualities from flight test. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kokolios, A (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.2514/1.4442 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400009 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Kokolios, A Page, A Chambers, J Niewoehner, R Owens, DB Roesch, M AF Cook, SP Kokolios, A Page, A Chambers, J Niewoehner, R Owens, DB Roesch, M TI Integrated approach to assessment of transonic abrupt wing stall for advanced aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Abrupt wing stall at transonic flight conditions can result in uncommanded rolling motions that have historically degraded flying qualities, compromised mission performance, and reduced safety of flight for a variety of aircraft. Recently, a U.S. government research program, the Abrupt Wing Stall Program, has advanced the state of the art in detection of abrupt wing stall through computational fluid dynamics, experimental aerodynamics, and flight dynamics. It is therefore essential that these tools be combined into an integrated approach that not only provides for the identification of abrupt wing stall, but also allows for the resulting flight characteristics to be assessed and the risks to the aircraft program be mitigated. The primary means of assessing the flying qualities impacts of transonic abrupt wing stall is through the construction of an aircraft math model that can accurately characterize the dynamic response to abrupt stall. The primary means of mitigating program risks is through the inclusion of free-to-roll wind-tunnel testing in the acquisition plan. Recommendations for assessing transonic abrupt wing stall are presented for the aircraft designer and for the program manager. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Ball Corp, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Cook, SP (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.2514/1.2834 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400010 ER PT J AU Hall, RM Woodson, SH Chambers, JR AF Hall, RM Woodson, SH Chambers, JR TI Accomplishments of the abrupt-wing-stall program SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Abrupt-Wing-Stall (AWS) Program has addressed the problem of uncommanded lateral motions, such as wing drop and wing rock, at transonic speeds. The genesis of this program was the experience of the F/A-18E/F program in the late 1990s, when wing drop was discovered in the heart of the maneuver envelope for the preproduction aircraft. Although the F/A-18E/F problem was subsequently corrected by a leading-edge flap scheduling change and the addition of a porous door to the wing fold fairing, the AWS program was initiated as a national response to the lack of technology readiness at the time of the F/A-18E/F development program. The AWS program objectives were to define causal factors for the F/A-18E/F experience, to gain insights into the How physics associated with wing drop, and to develop methods and analytical tools so that future programs could identify this type of problem before going to flight test. The major goals of the AWS Program, the status of the technology before the program began, the program objectives, the accomplishments, and the impacts are reviewed. Lessons learned are presented for the benefit of programs that must assess whether a future vehicle will have uncommanded lateral motions before going to flight test. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Ball Aerosp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Hall, RM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.2514/1.3631 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400011 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Karpouzian, G Malpohl, G AF Kostoff, RN Karpouzian, G Malpohl, G TI Text mining the global abrupt-wing-stall literature SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; BIBLIOMETRICS; INFORMATION; DISCOVERY; TRENDS AB Text mining was used to derive technical intelligence from an abrupt-wing-stall database derived from the Science Citation Index database. Both concept and document clustering were used to provide the structural taxonomy of the global abrupt-wing-stall literature and the estimated relative levels of effort in the major subcategories. Bibliometric analysis of the abrupt-wing-stall literature generated author/journal/institution publication and citation data. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Malpohl, G (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM Malpohl@ipd.uka.de NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.2514/1.2819 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 934GH UT WOS:000229694400012 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE AF Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE TI Effect of material properties on low-energy electron transmission in thin chemical-vapor deposited diamond films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED DIAMOND; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CVD DIAMOND; EMISSION; AFFINITY; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; EMITTER AB Electron transmission spectroscopy is used to measure the electron escape depth in thin diamond films and to examine how the transport characteristics are affected by the crystal quality and B concentration. In the studies, energy distribution and yield measurements are taken from several films with thicknesses ranging from similar to 1.5 to 4.2 mu m, and the data are characterized in both the conduction-band and grain-boundary transport regimes. In the conduction-band transport regime, the escape depth increases from 0.5 to 0.85 to 1.3 mu m as the film thickness increases from 1.5 to 2.0 to 2.5 mu m due to the higher crystal quality in the thicker diamond films. However, the escape depth is relatively insensitive to different B concentrations in films of similar thickness. On the other hand, the B concentration more strongly affects the transmission stability. At sufficiently high B concentration (>= 10(20) cm(-3)), the transmission yields and energy distributions are fairly insensitive to changes in I-o. However, at lower B concentration, the measurements exhibit evidence of sample charging in spite of a reasonably long escape depth and high secondary (reflection) yields. In investigations of the grain-boundary transport regime, the transmission characteristics are found to be largely insensitive to the crystal quality or doping levels of the diamond films, with low yields and broad energy distributions observed in all of the measurements. Moreover, the yields and energy distributions vary little with beam energy or current, except for measurements from the thickest 4.2-mu m film that exhibit irregular variation in intensity and energy. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yater@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 9 AR 093717 DI 10.1063/1.1893212 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 926WY UT WOS:000229155600056 ER PT J AU Keblish, DJ Zurakowski, D Wilson, MG Chiodo, CP AF Keblish, DJ Zurakowski, D Wilson, MG Chiodo, CP TI Preoperative skin preparation of the foot and ankle: Bristles and alcohol are better SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL PREPARATION; OPERATING-ROOM; SURGERY; CONTAMINATION; FIRES AB Background: The most efficient way to prepare the skin for foot and ankle surgery is unknown. In recent studies, > 70% of aerobic bacterial cultures of specimens taken from the nail folds following skin preparation with povidone-iodine were positive. The goal of the current study was to determine the effect of isopropyl alcohol on the eradication of bacteria from the nails and skin of the normal foot and ankle. In addition, the effect of using a bristled brush rather than sponges to scrub the foot was investigated. Methods: Four skin-preparation techniques were studied in two sets of twenty-five volunteers. In phase I of the study, the right foot and ankle of each member of the first set of volunteers was prepared with method 1, which consisted of a two-stage povidone-iodine scrub and paint with use of soft sponges. The left foot and ankle was prepared with method 2, which consisted of method 1 as well as an additional prewash with 70% isopropyl alcohol. In phase 11, the right foot and ankle of each member of the second set of volunteers was prepared with method 3, which consisted of a povidone-iodine scrub and paint with use of a bristled brush to scrub the foot. The left side was prepared with method 4, which consisted of an alcohol scrub and paint with use of a bristled brush to scrub the foot. At the end of the preparation process, specimens for aerobic bacterial cultures were obtained from the hallucal nail fold, interdigital web spaces, and anterior aspect of the ankle. Cultures were interpreted as positive or negative, and the results were also assessed quantitatively. Results: The rates of positive cultures of the nail-fold specimens were 76% and 80% after methods 1 and 2 (soft sponges) and 76% and 12% after methods 3 and 4 (bristled brush). The reduction in the percentage of positive cultures with method 4 was highly significant (p < 0.001). Cultures of the specimens from the web spaces showed a significant difference in the rates of positive results between methods 1 and 2 (36% and 8%, p < 0.05) but no significant difference between methods 3 and 4 (12% and 0%, p = 0.25). The rates of positive cultures of specimens from the anterior aspect of the ankle were consistently low (&LE; 4% for all methods). Quantitative analysis of positive cultures demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.01) in heavy growth when bristled brushes had been used, both with povidone-iodine and isopropyl alcohol. Conclusions: The use of isopropyl alcohol and the use of a bristled brush both have beneficial effects on the skin-preparation process before foot and ankle surgery. In the current investigation, the most effective technique was the use of isopropyl alcohol in conjunction with scrubbing with a bristled brush. Merely washing the foot with alcohol-soaked sponges provided limited benefit to the web spaces only. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 Faulkner Hosp, Brigham Foot & Ankle Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Keblish, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Clin Annapolis, Dept Orthoped Surg, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM djkeblish@annapolis.med.navy.mil; david.zurakowski@childrens.harvard.edu; cchiodo@partners.org NR 16 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 87A IS 5 BP 986 EP 992 DI 10.2106/JBJS.D.02695 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 924MD UT WOS:000228982000008 PM 15866960 ER PT J AU Braun, W Kaganer, VM Jenichen, B Satapathy, DK Guo, XX Tinkham, BP Ploog, KH AF Braun, W Kaganer, VM Jenichen, B Satapathy, DK Guo, XX Tinkham, BP Ploog, KH TI Surface kinetics of GaAs(001), InAs(001) and GaSb(001) during MBE growth studied by in situ surface X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XII) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE coarsening; Ostwald ripening; X-ray diffraction; molecular beam epitaxy; GaAs; GaSb; InAs ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GAAS; MORPHOLOGY; RECONSTRUCTION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS; RHEED; GASB AB We compare the molecular beam epitaxy growth and recovery kinetics under layer-by-layer growth conditions on the (001) surfaces of GaAs, InAs and GaSb using in situ surface X-ray diffraction. Whereas the growth conditions can be adjusted to yield comparable deposition kinetics, we find distinct differences in the recovery behavior of the three surfaces. We conclude that the rnesoscopic structure of the growth front that often determines device performance depends on the detailed kinetics on an atomic scale. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Drude Inst Solid State Elect, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Braun, W (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Solid State Elect, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM braun@pdi-berlin.de RI SATAPATHY, DILLIP /A-9737-2010 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.045 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 923NJ UT WOS:000228916300084 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Suemitsu, T Waldron, N del Alamo, JA AF Bennett, BR Suemitsu, T Waldron, N del Alamo, JA TI Growth of InP high electron mobility transistor structures with Te doping SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XII) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE doping; molecular beam epitaxy; arsenides; semiconducting III-V materials; field effect transistors; high electron mobility transistors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; THERMAL-STABILITY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RESISTANCE; DOPANT; GAAS AB InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with In0.53Ga0.47As channels and In0.52Al0.48As barriers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A GaTe source was used as an n-type dopant. Conventional structures with 50-100 angstrom InAlAs(Te) layers and Te-delta-doped structures were investigated. Both types of structures exhibited good transport characteristics, with mobilities of 8000-10,000cm(2)/V-s and sheet densities of 1-4 x 10(12)/cm(2). Fluorination studies showed similar behavior for Si- and Te-doped HEMT structures, with donor deactivation resulting in substantial reductions in mobility and carrier density after exposure to fluorine. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NTT Corp, Photon Lab, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Suemitsu, Tetsuya/J-8737-2012; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Suemitsu, Tetsuya/0000-0003-1599-4995; del Alamo, Jesus/0000-0003-4003-7863 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 596 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.12.070 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 923NJ UT WOS:000228916300111 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH TI Modeling of vascular networks SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE capillary networks; scaling laws; mammal; oxygen consumption; drug therapy scaling; resting; exercise state ID MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SCALING LAWS; BODY SIZE; BLOOD; DESIGN; HEART; POWER; MASS; METHOTREXATE AB Vascular networks refer here mainly to the microscale capillary networks of the vascular system of mammals, although they may also be considered to include the small arteries that feed the capillaries and the small veins that drain them. The modeling of these networks. for resting mammals is reviewed within the context of describing related scaling laws for mammals of vastly different size. Basic processes are considered and alternative approaches mentioned. All lead to the same scaling laws for the radius, length and number of the vessels. The applicability of the relations is illustrated using existing measurements. Discussion is also included on the effect of strenuous exercise on the scaling law for number of capillary vessels and matters related to it. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dawson, TH (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dawson@usna.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 208 IS 9 BP 1687 EP 1694 DI 10.1242/jeb.01622 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 930YZ UT WOS:000229454300020 PM 15855400 ER PT J AU Stern, F Olivieri, A Shao, J Longo, J Ratcliffe, T AF Stern, F Olivieri, A Shao, J Longo, J Ratcliffe, T TI Statistical approach for estimating intervals of certification or biases of facilities or measurement systems includiing uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A statistical approach for estimating intervals of certification or biases of Jacilities or measurement systems including uncertainties is set forth based on M X N-order level testing which is defined as M repetitions of the same N-order level experiment in M different facilities or in the same facility with M different measurement systems. In the absence of reference values, the mean facility or measurement system is used for assessing intervals of certification or biases. Certification or biases of facilities or measurement systems are defined as processes for assessing probabilistic confidence intervals for facilities or measurement systems for specific tests, data reduction equations, conditions, procedures, and uncertainty analysis. Similarly, subgroup analysis is performed for isolating and assessing levels of differences due to use of different model sizes (scale effects) or measurement systems. An example is provided for towing tank facilities for resistance tests using standard uncertainty analysis procedures based on an international collaboration between three facilities. Although the number of facilities are at a minimum, the results demonstrate the usefulness of an approach and support recommendation of future collaborations between more facilities. Knowledge of intervals of certification or biases is important for design, accrediting facilities or measurement systems, and CFD validation. C1 Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. INSEAN, Italian Ship Model Basin, Rome, Italy. NSWC, CD, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Stern, F (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1115/1.1906269 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 940FL UT WOS:000230129000021 ER PT J AU Greene, ES Medeiros, MG Chiu, WKS AF Greene, ES Medeiros, MG Chiu, WKS TI Application of an anode model to investigate physical parameters in an internal reforming solid-oxide fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SOFC ANODES; ELECTRODES AB A one-dimensional model of chemical and mass transport phenomena in the porous anode of a solid-oxide fuel cell, in which there is internal reforming of methane, is presented. Macroscopically averaged porous electrode theory is used to model the mass transfer that occurs in the anode. Linear kinetics at a constant temperature are used to model the reforming and shift reactions. Correlations based on. the Damkohler number are created to relate anode structural parameters and thickness to a nondimensional electrochemical conversion rate and cell voltage. It is shown how these can be applied in order to assist the design of an anode. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chiu, WKS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1115/1.1895925 PG 5 GA 046XP UT WOS:000237844700008 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Vogt, A AF Gray, JE Vogt, A TI Mathematical analysis of the Mandelstam-Tamm time-energy uncertainty principle SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM MECHANICS; ARRIVAL AB In the Mandelstam-Tamm version of the time-energy uncertainty principle Delta t denotes the infimum of time intervals that elapse before the change in the mean of any observable has the same magnitude as its standard deviation. We clarify this interpretation, and show that the infimum is achieved for certain observables and thus that this famous inequality is actually an equality. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. RP Vogt, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM john.e.gray@navy.mil; vogt@math.georgetown.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 AR 052108 DI 10.1063/1.1897164 PG 7 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 926WZ UT WOS:000229155700008 ER PT J AU Maddulapalli, K Azarm, S Boyars, A AF Maddulapalli, K Azarm, S Boyars, A TI Interactive product design selection with an implicit value function SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-CRITERIA PROBLEMS; DECISION-BASED DESIGN; ENGINEERING DESIGN; CONVEX CONES; OPTIMIZATION; UTILITY; REAL AB We present a new method to aid a decision maker (DM) in selecting the "most preferred" from a set of design alternatives. The method is deterministic and assumes that the DMs preferences reflect an implicit value function that is quasi-concave. The method is interactive, with the DM stating preferences in the form of attribute tradeoffs at a series of trial designs, each a specific design under consideration. The method is iterative and uses the gradient of the value function obtained from the preferences of the DM to eliminate lower value designs at each trial design. We present an approach for finding a new trial design at each iteration. We provide an example, the design selection for a cordless electric drill, to demonstrate the method. We provide results showing that (within the limit of our experimentation) our method needs only a few iterations to find the most preferred design alternative. Finally we extend our deterministic selection method to account for uncertainty in the attributes when the probability distributions governing the uncertainty are known. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Azarm, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM azarm@umd.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1115/1.1829727 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 932LI UT WOS:000229554800003 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Manthena, C Oh, JJ Srivastava, D AF Kwon, YW Manthena, C Oh, JJ Srivastava, D TI Vibrational characteristics of carbon nanotubes as nanomechanical resonators SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; resonator; natural frequency; mode shape; SWCNT; MWCNT; heterogeneous CNT AB Using eigenvalue analysis of mass and stiffness matrices directly computed from atomistic simulations, natural frequencies and mode shapes of various carbon nanotubes are studied. The stiffness matrix was developed from the Tersoff-Brenner potential for carbon-carbon interactions. The computed frequencies of the radial breathing modes of a variety of armchair (n, n) nanotubes agree well with results obtained by others using different techniques. In addition, the study reveals diverse mode shapes such as accordion-like axial modes, lateral bending modes, torsional modes, axial shear modes, and radial breathing modes for a variety of single-wall, multi-wall, and bamboo-type carbon nanotubes. The effects of different constraints on the carbon nanotube ends on the computed frequencies and mode shapes have been investigated for possible applications in vibration sensors or electromechanical resonators. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.110 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 926JQ UT WOS:000229119900002 PM 16010925 ER PT J AU Yim, SCS Nakhata, T Huang, ET AF Yim, SCS Nakhata, T Huang, ET TI Coupled nonlinear barge motions, Part II: Stochastic models and stability analysis SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PATH-INTEGRAL SOLUTIONS; ROLL MOTION; EXCITATION; WAVES AB A computationally efficient quasi-two-degree-of-freedom (Q2DOF) stochastic model and a stability analysis of barges in random seas are presented in this paper Based on the deterministic 2DOF coupled roll-heave model with high-degree polynomial approximation of restoring forces and moments developed in Part 1, an attempt is made to further reduce the DOF of the high-degree model for efficient stochastic stability analysis by decoupling the heave effects on roll motion, resulting in a one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) roll-only model. Using the Markov assumption, stochastic differential equations governing the evolution of probability densities of roll-heave and roll responses for the two low-DOF models are derived via the Fokker-Planck formulation. Numerical results of roll responses for the 2DOF and IDOF models, using direct simulation in the time domain and the path integral solution technique in the probability domain, are compared to determine the effects of neglecting the influence of heave on roll motion and assess the relative computational efforts required It is observed that the 1DOF model is computationally very efficient and the 2DOF model response predictions are quite accurate. However the nonlinear roll-heave coupling is found to be significant and needs to be directly taken into account, rendering the IDOF roll-only model inadequate for practical use. The 2DOF model is impractical for long-duration real-time response computation due to the insurmountable computational effort required By taking advantage of the observed strong correlation between measured heave and wave elevation in the experimental results, an accurate and efficient Q2DOF model is developed by expressing the heave response in the 2DOF model as a function of wave elevation, thus reducing the effective DOF to unity. This Q2DOF model is essential as it reduces the computational effort by a factor of 10(-5) compared to that of the 2DOF model, thus making practical stochastic analysis possible. A stochastic stability analysis of the barge under operational and survival sea states specified by the U.S. Navy is presented using the Q2DOF model based on first passage time formulation. C1 Oregon State Univ, Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Yim, SCS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1115/1.1884617 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 938TN UT WOS:000230026000002 ER PT J AU Chu, PP Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV AF Chu, PP Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV TI Fall-winter current reversals on the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; FLOW DECOMPOSITION; CIRCULATION; FIELDS; SPARSE AB Fall-winter recurrence of current reversal from westward to eastward is identified on the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf using the current-meter [Texas-Louisiana Shelf Physical Oceanography Program (LATEX-A)] and near-surface drifting buoy [Surface Current and Lagrangian Drift Program (SCULP-1)] observations in 1993 and 1994. Reversal events roughly satisfy the Poisson distribution with one current reversal nearly every 12 days. Synoptic winds seem responsible for the current reversal events. Other processes such as offshore eddies shed from the Loop Current and river runoff are less important to change alongshore flow direction at synoptic scales. A statistical model is established to predict the synoptic current reversal using the surface wind observations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Chu, PP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 5 BP 902 EP 910 DI 10.1175/JPO2703.1 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 938KY UT WOS:000230003500022 ER PT J AU Buttrey, SE AF Buttrey, SE TI Calling the lp_solve linear program software from R,S-PLUS and Excel SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE linear programming; lpSolve; R, S-PLUS; Excel AB We present a link that allows R, S-PLUS and Excel to call the functions in the 1p_solve system. 1p_solve is free software (licensed under the GNU Lesser GPL) that solves linear and mixed integer linear programs of moderate size (on the order of 10,000 variables and 50,000 constraints). R does not include this ability (though two add-on packages off er linear programs without integer variables), while S-PLUS users need to pay extra for the NuOPT library in order to solve these problems. Our link manages the interface between these statistical packages and 1p_solve. Excel has a built-in add-in named Solver that is capable of solving mixed integer programs, but only with fewer than 200 variables. This link allows Excel users to handle substantially larger problems at no extra cost. While our primary concern has been the Windows operating system, the package has been tested on some Unix-type systems as well. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buttrey, SE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Code OR-Sb, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM buttrey@nps.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 978RM UT WOS:000232890700001 ER PT J AU Villalobos, GR Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Villalobos, GR Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Degradation of magnesium aluminum spinel by lithium fluoride sintering aid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION AB The effect of LiF sintering aid on the degradation of transparent magnesium aluminate spinel during hot-pressing was studied. LiF is used to etch spinel particles during the hot pressing process. The LiF was found to react with the aluminum in the spinel structure, thereby leaving Mg-rich regions behind that do not sinter well and result in opaque white regions in the otherwise transparent matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Villalobos, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM villalobos@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1322 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00209.x PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 925PZ UT WOS:000229066400040 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JS Kenan, RP Ralph, SE AF Rodgers, JS Kenan, RP Ralph, SE TI Transformation from a multimode interference solution to a self-guiding solution SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We develop a perturbation theory as an approximate solution to the nonlinear Helmholtz equation in a multimode waveguide to examine the transition from the low-power multimode interference solution to high-power self-guiding solution. We compare the perturbation results with those obtained from finite-difference beam-propagation simulations. The results indicate that the lowest-order linear mode evolves into the self-guided mode as the power in the input beam is increased. © 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Rodgers, JS (reprint author), USN, Space Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.001037 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 924OZ UT WOS:000228989500012 ER PT J AU Brown, CVR Antevil, JL Sise, MJ Sack, DI AF Brown, CVR Antevil, JL Sise, MJ Sack, DI TI Spiral computed tomography for the diagnosis of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures: Its time has come SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2004 CL Maui Isl, HI SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE computed tomography; spine fracture; cervical spine; thoracic spine; lumbar spine ID TRAUMA PATIENTS; BLUNT TRAUMA; PLAIN FILMS; HELICAL CT; CLEARANCE; INJURY; SCAN AB Background:. Although the traditional method of diagnosing spine fractures (SF) has been plain radiography, Spiral Computed Tomography (SCT) is being used with increasing frequency. Our institution adopted SCT as the primary modality for the diagnosis of SF. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SCT scan can be used as a standalone diagnostic modality in the evaluation of SF. Methods. Retrospective review of all blunt trauma patients over a two year period (1/01 - 12/02). Patients with neck pain, back pain, or spine tenderness underwent SCT of the symptomatic region. Patients who were unconscious or intoxicated underwent screening SCT of the entire spine. SCT was performed using 5 mm axial cuts with three-dimensional reconstructions in sagittal and coronal planes. Patients with a discharge diagnosis of cervical, thoracic, or lumbar SF were identified from the trauma registry by ICD-9 codes. Results There were 3,537 blunt trauma patients evaluated, with 236 (7%) sustaining a cervical, thoracic, or lumbar SF. Forty-five patients (19%) sustained a SF in more than one anatomic region. SCT missed SF in two patients. The cervical SF missed by SCT was a compression fracture identified by magnetic resonance imaging and was treated with a rigid collar. The thoracic SF missed by SCT was also a compression fracture identified on plain radiographs and required no treatment. Conclusions. SCT of the spine identified 99.3% of all fractures of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, and those missed by SCT required minimal or no treatment. SCT is a sensitive diagnostic test for the identification of SF Routine plain radiographs of the spine are not necessary in the evaluation of blunt trauma patients. C1 Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ So Calif, Ctr Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sise, MJ (reprint author), Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, Dept Surg, MER 62,4077 5th Ave, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM sise.mike@scrippshealth.org NR 15 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 890 EP 895 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000162149.89139.FF PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 932PU UT WOS:000229566600002 PM 15920398 ER PT J AU Rhee, P Nunley, MK Demetriades, D Velmahos, G Doucet, JJ AF Rhee, P Nunley, MK Demetriades, D Velmahos, G Doucet, JJ TI Tetanus and trauma: A review and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review DE immunizatioms; guidelines; immunoglobulins; tetanus; tetanus antitoxin; tetanus toxoid; vaccination; wounds ID UNITED-STATES; ANTITETANUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; DIPHTHERIA IMMUNITY; VACCINATION; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS; IMMUNIZATION; OLDER AB Background: This review covers the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease along with the reexamination of the current recommendations for prophylaxis against tetanus in the United States. Although tetanus is still a major problem worldwide, the incidence in North America has become almost negligible because of the highly effective primary immunization program. Recently, there have been no deaths reported attributable to tetanus in the United States in trauma patients who had received the primary childhood immunization. However, tetanus immunization and prophylaxis in the acute injury setting is frequently misused and misunderstood. Methods: A review of the literature regarding tetanus. Results: After review, the authors recommend tetanus toxoid in adults only if it has been more than 10 years since their last immunization. There is no urgency for the administration of tetanus toxoid in the acute setting, as it provides protection against the next injury and not the current injury. Tetanus-diphtheria toxoid is not required unless there arc plans for the injured patient to travel to diphtheria-prone countries in the future, as the incidence of diphtheria is negligible in the United States. Conclusion: The review of reported cases of tetanus demonstrates that it is not possible to clinically determine which wounds are tetanus prone, as tetanus can occur after minor, seemingly innocuous injuries, yet is rare after severely contaminated wounds. Tetanus immunoglobulin should be reserved for patients with wounds who had never received primary immunization against tetanus. C1 USN, Trauma Training Ctr, LA County Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Surg Intens Care Unit, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rhee, P (reprint author), USN, Trauma Training Ctr, LA County Med Ctr, Room 6336 1200 N State St, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM prhee@nshs-sd.med.navy.mil NR 61 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1082 EP 1088 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000162148.03280.02 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 932PU UT WOS:000229566600043 PM 15920431 ER PT J AU Bassim, ND Twigg, ME AF Bassim, ND Twigg, ME TI Technique for site-specific plan-view transmission electron microscopy of nanostructural electronic devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Editorial Material AB This brief report demonstrates the feasibility of preparing site-specific plan-view samples of simple electronic devices and nanostructures for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). By combining the techniques of tripod angle lapping and single-sided ion milling in a different way, we are able to target specific devices for analysis in the TEM. This is essentially performed by back-angle lapping a patterned wafer that contains multiple features so that an edge is at or near a level of electron transparency. At this point, the sample is glued to a copper ring using conducting epoxy, and a piece of protective transparent material (preferably a piece of glass) is waxed to the device face in order to protect the device from sputtering and material redeposition on the opposite side. The device is then milled in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled ion mill in order to avoid specimen heating (which would melt the wax). By aligning the device of interest perpendicular to the lapping angle, the device may be examined optically as it is milled back to the feature of interest. This technique was used to examine the active region of a gold nanoparticle-based device to observe the alignment of these particles between two contact pads. This result is extremely promising because it allows the observation of materials on a lateral scale that are extremely sensitive to damage by sputtering. This sample preparation technique would be useful for researching various processing steps in the design of electronic devices, as well as patterned samples in general. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nbass@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1109 DI 10.1116/1.1897709 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600040 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Boishin, GI Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Boishin, GI Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M TI Molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of mid-IR type-II "W" diode lasers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID MU-M; LASING PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; GASB AB Type II "W" diodes designed for emission at the spectral line of methane (3.31 mu m) when operated near 80 K were grown on a compact 21T RIBER molecular beam epitaxy system. Photoluminescence and cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy were used as tools to improve the growth quality of these structures. The diodes exhibited very low lasing thresholds at T=80 K (24-40 A /cm(2)), although further development will be required to enhance the characteristic temperature (T(0)similar to 40 K) and the maximum operating temperature (similar to 190 K). The lasers had favorable internal losses at all T up to 190 K (similar to 7 cm(-1)), and favorable internal efficiencies at low T (up to 85%). The I-V characteristics of nonlasing test structures were improved substantially by adding n-side "transition" regions that smoothed out abrupt steps in the conduction-band offset. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM canedy@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1116/1.1861933 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600042 ER PT J AU Li, W Heroux, JB Shao, H Wang, WI Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Li, W Heroux, JB Shao, H Wang, WI Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Midinfrared InAs/InGaSb "W" diode lasers with digitally grown tensile-strained AlGaAsSb barriers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M AB W-shaped InAs/In0.2Ga0.8Sb/InAs/Al0.25Ga0.75As0.08Sb0.92 quantum wells (QWs) have been grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy for midinfrared wavelength emission. The tensile strain and the higher As composition in the tensile AlGaAsSb barriers lower the energy level of the heavy holes and increase the hole confinement in the "W" quantum wells, which can improve the temperature properties of the "W" lasers. The tensile-strained Al0.25Ga0.75As0.08Sb0.92 barriers were obtained by growing Al0.25Ga0.75Sb(2 ML)/Al0.25Ga0.75As0.24Sb0.76 (1 ML) digital layers. As evidenced from low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray diffraction measurements, the "W" QWs with digitally grown AlGaAsSb barriers show better interface quality and higher PL efficiency than analogous structures with random-alloy AlGaAsSb barriers. Broad-area diode lasers with five-period "W" QWs have been fabricated. A low threshold of 734 A/cm(2) at a lasing wavelength of 3.238 mu m was measured for the 800 mu m X 200 mu m stripe at 153 K. Characteristic temperatures as high as 103 K are achieved in the 80-150 K range. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 500 W 120th St,Mudd Room 1312, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM wl336@columbia.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1136 EP 1139 DI 10.1116/1.1868700 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600046 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ Xu, X McVey, D Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ Xu, X McVey, D Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR TI Growth and characterization of plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxial-grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on free-standing hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; SCATTERING; MBE AB We have grown AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on free-standing n-GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns of the as-loaded wafers exhibit narrow streaks which persist throughout the growth. Atomic force microscopy shows smooth AlGaN surfaces with root-mean-square roughness of 10 angstrom over a 20 X 20 mu m(2) area. High resolution x-ray diffractometry indicates that the AlGaN peak is similar to 20% narrower than for similar structures grown on SiC. Hall mobilities, electron sheet densities, and sheet resistances were measured on ten 60 X 60 mu m(2) Hall test patterns defined photolithographically across the surface of the 10 X 10 mm2 sample. Buffer leakage measurements demonstrate that a Be:GaN layer effectively isolates the channel from the conductive substrate. Average sheet resistances and sheet densities were 380 Omega/rectangle and 0.94 X 10(13) cm(-2), respectively. These HEMT structures exhibit room-temperature Hall mobilities in excess of 1900 cm(2)/V S. In addition, devices on these structures exhibit excellent pinch-off, low gate leakage, and saturated drain current densities of almost 700 mA/mm. Further details regarding the structural and electrical properties will be described along with device testing. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM storm@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1190 EP 1193 DI 10.1116/1.1885013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600058 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Storm, DF Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Torabi, A Zhou, L Smith, DJ AF Katzer, DS Storm, DF Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Torabi, A Zhou, L Smith, DJ TI Molecular beam epitaxy of InAlN/GaN heterostructures for high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GROWTH; NITRIDE AB We describe the growth of InAIN/GaN heterostructures by rf-plasma molecular beam epitaxy. Due to the weak In-N bond, the MAIN growth temperature must be below about 460 degrees C for In to incorporate reliably into the film. Thus far, a thin AIN spacer layer has been required to form a low resistance two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the InAIN/GaN interface. The thin AIN barrier is believed to reduce alloy scattering of carriers in the 2DEG. The best HEMT material with an MAIN barrier and a thin AIN spacer layer has a sheet resistance of 980 Omega/rectangle with a sheet electron density of 1.96 X 10(13) cm(-2). (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon RF Components, Andover, MA 01810 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Katzer, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1204 EP 1208 DI 10.1116/1.1927103 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600061 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Storm, DF Binari, SC Holm, RI Mahon, R Yang, MJ Freitas, JA AF Katzer, DS Storm, DF Binari, SC Holm, RI Mahon, R Yang, MJ Freitas, JA TI Specular reflectance spectroscopy for substrate temperature determination in radio frequency-plasma molecular beam epitaxy of nitride semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID ABSORPTION-EDGE; GAN; GROWTH; DEPENDENCE AB Specular reflectance spectroscopy was applied to several types of substrates commonly used for nitride molecular beam epitaxial growth. Calibration curves were generated from measurements of the observed shift in the reflectance point-of-inflection energy versus temperature for semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC, SI 6H-SiC, n(+) 6H-SiC, and n(-) 2H-GaN between room temperature and up to 900 degrees C. We have applied the technique to the molecular beam epitaxy of AIN and GaN on SiC and discuss the advantages and limitations of the technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Katzer, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM katzer@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1252 EP 1256 DI 10.1116/1.1924469 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600072 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO El-Sakka, H Teleb, N Mahoney, F Hajjeh, R Halloij, Z AF Wasfy, MO El-Sakka, H Teleb, N Mahoney, F Hajjeh, R Halloij, Z TI Postwar re-restablishment and activation of laboratory capacity for disease surveillance in southern Iraq, 2003 SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB After the war in Iraq in 2003, many hospitals and laboratories were destroyed or looted, resulting in a drastic drop in health-cave services and the emergence of serious outbreaks of disease. From July 1 to December 31, 2003, a medical team from the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO EMRO) went to Iraq to assess the situation and began to re-establish a laboratory-based disease surveillance system throughout Iraq. We were members of this team, and we present our personal experiences and perspective on the challenges, strategic approaches, results, and lessons learned. C1 WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, EMRO, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), US Embassy, USN, Med Res Unit, Lab Unit,Dis Surveillance Program, PSC 452,Box 111,FPO AE, Cairo 09835, Egypt. EM wasfym@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70110-9 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921FV UT WOS:000228750500023 PM 15854881 ER PT J AU Riley, DJ Wingard, D Morton, D Nichols, JF Ming, J Shaffer, R Macera, CA AF Riley, DJ Wingard, D Morton, D Nichols, JF Ming, J Shaffer, R Macera, CA TI Use of self-assessed fitness and exercise parameters to predict objective fitness SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE fitness; marine corps; military ID TRAINING-RELATED INJURIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RATED HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; VALIDITY; MEN AB Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the effectiveness of self-assessed fitness and exercise in predicting objectively measured physical fitness. Methods: Study subjects included 1583 men who entered Marine Corps training in San Diego, CA, between September and November 2002 and completed a questionnaire and an objective fitness test. The questionnaire included demographic and self-assessed fitness/exercise items, and was administered immediately upon entry into the training program. The objective fitness measure was obtained using a standardized test after approximately 1 month of training. Results: Multivariate modeling found that several measures of self-assessed fitness and exercise (estimated number of pull-ups; good, very good, or excellent self-assessed fitness; sweating quite a lot or most or all of the time during physical activity; and competitive experience) were all associated with the objective fitness score. These results remained statistically significant after controlling for age, race, and body mass index (model adjusted R-2 = 0.469. P < 0.01). Conclusion: In this analysis, self-assessed fitness and exercise parameters that can be easily ascertained with a short questionnaire predicted objective fitness scores approximately I month later. This information could be used by recruiters to make recommendations for preenlistment conditioning. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Riley, DJ (reprint author), Cuyamaca Coll, Dept Exercise Sci & Hlth Educ, 900 Rancho San Diego Pkwy, El Cajon, CA 92019 USA. EM driley@projects.sdsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000162618.69807.0E PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 924GG UT WOS:000228966400017 PM 15870637 ER PT J AU Hodgdon, JA Hervig, LK Miller, AE AF Hodgdon, James A. Hervig, Linda K. Miller, Amanda E. TI Stance Stability And Reports Of Previous Back Injury In Special Boat Operators SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodgdon, James A.; Hervig, Linda K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Miller, Amanda E.] Pt Loma Nazarene Univ, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 802 BP S148 EP S148 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00800 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301053 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Trone, DW Sandwell, JC Rauh, MJ AF Macera, Caroline A. Trone, Daniel W. Sandwell, Julie C. Rauh, Mitchell J. TI Running Shoe Type and Attrition During Marine Corps Basic Training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Trone, Daniel W.; Sandwell, Julie C.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM cmacera@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 179 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00178 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300118 ER PT J AU Padua, DA Marshall, SW Beutler, AI DeMaio, M Boden, BP Yu, B Garrett, WE AF Padua, Darin A. Marshall, Stephen W. Beutler, Anthony I. DeMaio, Marlene Boden, Barry P. Yu, Bing Garrett, William E. TI Predictors Of Knee Valgus Angle During A Jump-landing Task SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Padua, Darin A.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Yu, Bing] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Beutler, Anthony I.; Boden, Barry P.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [DeMaio, Marlene] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Garrett, William E.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. EM dpadua@email.unc.edu NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 2049 BP S398 EP S398 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-02048 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302464 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Trone, DW Macera, CA Steele, JM AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Trone, Daniel W. Macera, Caroline A. Steele, Julianne M. TI Pretraining And Menstrual Factors Associated With Stress Fracture In Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Trone, Daniel W.; Macera, Caroline A.; Steele, Julianne M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM mrauh@rmuohp.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 181 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00180 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300120 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Villasenor, A Macera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Villasenor, Adriana Macera, Caroline A. TI Effect Of Lower Extremity Stress Fracture And Injury During Recruit Training On First-term Attrition SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Villasenor, Adriana; Macera, Caroline A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, GEO Ctr Inc, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM trone@nhrc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 180 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00179 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300119 ER PT J AU Kral, MV Spanos, G AF Kral, MV Spanos, G TI Three-dimensional analysis and classification of grain-boundary-nucleated proeutectoid ferrite precipitates SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FE-C ALLOYS; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION; MICROHARDNESS VARIATIONS; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; CEMENTITE PLATES; MO ALLOYS; MORPHOLOGY; AUSTENITE; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION AB The three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and distributions of grain-boundary-nucleated proeutectoid ferrite precipitates have been obtained by computer-aided 3-D reconstruction of serial sections of an Fe-0.12 wt pct C-3.28 wt pct Ni alloy. Isothermal transformation for short times at 650 degrees C was used to produce a low volume fraction of ferrite, which appeared as both Widmanstatten shapes and more-equiaxed grain-boundary precipitates. While the two-dimensional (2-D) cross sections of these precipitates appeared to fit into the previously accepted categories of precipitate morphologies, 3-D reconstructions revealed important aspects of connectivity and shape that were not observed earlier. A partially revised morphological classification based on these 3-D observations is provided here. Significant differences between the 3-D morphology of proeutectoid ferrite and that of proeutectoid cementite are also discussed, indicating (among other things) that the 3-D morphological classifications of ferrite are generally more complex than those of proeutectoid cementite. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Phys Met Branch,Phase Transformat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kral, MV (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM milo.kral@canterbury.ac.nz RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36A IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0212-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WY UT WOS:000228797500013 ER PT J AU Spanos, G Wilson, AW Kral, MV AF Spanos, G Wilson, AW Kral, MV TI New insights into the Widmanstatten proeutectoid ferrite transformation: Integration of crystallographic and three-dimensional morphological observations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FE-C-MO; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH-KINETICS; ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION; SYMPATHETIC NUCLEATION; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; PRECIPITATE PLATES; AUSTENITE; ALLOYS; STEELS AB The crystallography and three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of Widmanstatten proeutectoid ferrite precipitates are examined in an Fe-0.12 wt pet C-3.28 wt per Ni steel isothermally reacted at 650 degrees C, 600 degrees C, and 550 degrees C. This article integrates new orientation mapping (OM) results with the findings of a companion article to this one on the 3-D morphology of proeutectoid ferrite([1]) and an earlier transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study which is reanalyzed here in light of the new OM and 3-D results. All of these studies were performed for the same alloy and heat treatments. The 3-D morphologies and distributions of proeutectoid ferrite precipitates are now known to often be quite different from those deduced by conventional two-dimensional (2-D) microscopy techniques. The present crystallographic studies indicate that "primary" ferrite (nucleated directly on prior austenite grain boundaries) forms monolithic single crystals and can be approximated as elongated triangular pyramids. "Secondary" ferrite morphologies can be described as laths and plates branching into the austenite from a thick and/or broad allotriomorphic ferrite base. These secondary Widmanstatten branches are composed of many misoriented crystals with ferrite:ferrite boundaries between them and appear to approach a common orientation as they extend into the austenite grain. Implications of the current findings on existing growth and crystallography models are discussed, and a preliminary hypothesis or mechanism of ferrite formation has been proposed to account for the present observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Phys Met Branch,Phase Transformat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Satellite Syst Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Phys Met Branch,Phase Transformat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spanos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36A IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0213-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WY UT WOS:000228797500014 ER PT J AU Kulas, MA Green, WP Taleff, EM Krajewski, PE McNelley, TR AF Kulas, MA Green, WP Taleff, EM Krajewski, PE McNelley, TR TI Deformation mechanisms in superplastic AA5083 materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; AL-MG ALLOYS; VISCOUS GLIDE; DISLOCATION CLIMB; TENSILE DUCTILITY; STEADY-STATE; GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINUM; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB The plastic deformation of seven 5083 commercial aluminum materials, produced from five different alloy heats, are evaluated under conditions of interest for superplastic and quick-plastic forming. Two mechanisms are shown to govern plastic deformation in AA5083 over the strain rates, strains, and temperatures of interest for these forming technologies: grain-boundary-sliding (GBS) creep and solute-drag (SD) creep. Quantitative analysis of stress transients following rate changes clearly differentiates between GBS and SD creep and offers conclusive proof that SD creep dominates deformation at fast strain rates and low temperature. Furthermore, stress transients following strain-rate changes under SD creep are observed to decay exponentially with strain. A new graphical construction is proposed for the analysis and prediction of creep transients. This construction predicts the relative size of creep transients under SD creep from the relative size of changes in an applied strain rate or stress. This construction reveals the relative size of creep transients under SD creep to be independent of temperature; temperature dependence resides in the "steady-state" creep behavior to which transients are related. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kulas, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM taleff@mail.utexas.edu NR 66 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 18 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36A IS 5 BP 1249 EP 1261 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0217-x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WY UT WOS:000228797500018 ER PT J AU Muller, JG Bohnker, BK Philippi, AF Litow, FK Rudolph, G Hernandez, JE AF Muller, JG Bohnker, BK Philippi, AF Litow, FK Rudolph, G Hernandez, JE TI Trends in pleural radiographic findings in the Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (1990-1999) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPACITIES; SMOKING AB The U.S. Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program is a comprehensive effort to decrease exposure to asbestos, a known health hazard. This study was part of a programmatic review of the Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program database, which included 233,353 radiographic examinations from 1990 to 1999. The initial review focused on incidental findings recorded by B-readers for 23,460 radiographs. Abnormalities reported included bullae (0.68%), cancer (0.56%), cardiac size/ shape abnormalities (1.36%), emphysema (0.74 %), subpleural fat (2.62%), fractured ribs (1.24%), hilar adenopathy (0.13%), ill-defined diaphragm (0.46%), ill-defined heart border (0.29%), Kerley lines (0.06%), pleural thickening (2.35%), and tuberculosis (0.27 %). The rates by age cohort for pleural abnormalities decreased significantly (30-39 years, chi(2) for trend = 23.49, df = 1; 40-49 years, chi(2) for trend = 176.21; 50-59 years, chi(2) for trend = 401.87), but findings were not significantly different for those >= 60 years of age. This suggests that sequential age cohorts in the program are developing fewer pleural abnormalities; pleural abnormalities have historically been associated with asbestos exposure. C1 USN Environm Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Muller, JG (reprint author), USN Environm Hlth Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM library@nehc.mar.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 170 IS 5 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JL UT WOS:000235831300009 PM 15974203 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Allen, DR Kruger, K Naujokat, B Santee, ML Sabutis, JL Pawson, S Swinbank, R Randall, CE Simmons, AJ Long, C AF Manney, GL Allen, DR Kruger, K Naujokat, B Santee, ML Sabutis, JL Pawson, S Swinbank, R Randall, CE Simmons, AJ Long, C TI Diagnostic comparison of meteorological analyses during the 2002 antarctic winter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC ANALYSES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; FEBRUARY 1979; OZONE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; REANALYSIS; SIMULATIONS AB Several meteorological datasets, including U.K. Met Office (MetO), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and NASA's Goddard Earth Observation System (GEOS-4) analyses, are being used in studies of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric winter and Antarctic major warming. Diagnostics are compared to assess how these studies may be affected by the meteorological data used. While the overall structure and evolution of temperatures, winds, and wave diagnostics in the different analyses provide a consistent picture of the large-scale dynamics of the SH 2002 winter, several significant differences may affect detailed studies. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (REAN) and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis-2 (REAN-2) datasets are not recommended for detailed studies, especially those related to polar processing, because of lower-stratospheric temperature biases that result in underestimates of polar processing potential, and because their winds and wave diagnostics show increasing differences from other analyses between similar to 30 and 10 hPa (their top level). Southern Hemisphere polar stratospheric temperatures in the ECMWF 40-Yr Re-analysis (ERA-40) show unrealistic vertical structure, so this long-term reanalysis is also unsuited for quantitative studies. The NCEP/Climate Prediction Center (CPC) objective analyses give an inferior representation of the upper-stratospheric vortex. Polar vortex transport barriers are similar in all analyses, but there is large variation in the amount, patterns, and timing of mixing, even among the operational assimilated datasets (ECMWF, MetO, and GEOS-4). The higher-resolution GEOS-4 and ECMWF assimilations provide significantly better representation of filamentation and small-scale structure than the other analyses, even when fields gridded at reduced resolution are studied. The choice of which analysis to use is most critical for detailed transport studies (including polar process modeling) and studies involving synoptic evolution in the upper stratosphere. The operational assimilated datasets are better suited for most applications than the NCEP/CPC objective analyses and the reanalysis datasets (REAN/REAN-2 and ERA-40). C1 New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Sch Educ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Sch Educ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. EM manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1278 DI 10.1175/MWR2926.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900013 ER PT J AU Ellingson, RJ Beard, MC Johnson, JC Yu, PR Micic, OI Nozik, AJ Shabaev, A Efros, AL AF Ellingson, RJ Beard, MC Johnson, JC Yu, PR Micic, OI Nozik, AJ Shabaev, A Efros, AL TI Highly efficient multiple exciton generation in colloidal PbSe and PbS quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT IONIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; ELECTRON RELAXATION; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCRYSTALS; MICROCRYSTALLITES; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB We report ultra-efficient multiple exciton generation (MEG) for single photon absorption in colloidal PbSe and PbS quantum dots (QDs). We employ transient absorption spectroscopy and present measurement data acquired for both intraband as well as interband probe energies. Quantum yields of 300% indicate the creation, on average, of three excitons per absorbed photon for PbSe QDs at photon energies that are four times the QD energy gap. Results indicate that the threshold photon energy for MEG in QDs is twice the lowest exciton absorption energy. We find that the biexciton effect, which shifts the transition energy for absorption of a second photon, influences the early time transient absorption data and may contribute to a modulation observed when probing near the lowest interband transition. We present experimental and theoretical values of the size-dependent interband transition energies for PbSe QDs. We present experimental and theoretical values of the size-dependent interband transition energies for PbSe QDs, and we also introduce a new model for MEG based on the coherent superposition of multiple excitonic states. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ellingson, RJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM randy_ellingson@nrel.gov; matt_beard@nrel.gov; arthur_nozik@nrel.gov; efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 NR 37 TC 1050 Z9 1062 U1 54 U2 636 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1021/nl0502672 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 926KA UT WOS:000229120900009 PM 15884885 ER PT J AU Smisson, DC Diefenderfer, KE Strother, JM AF Smisson, DC Diefenderfer, KE Strother, JM TI Effects of five thermal stressing regimens on the flexural and bond strengths of a hybrid resin composite SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; BOTTLE ADHESIVES; MARGINAL LEAKAGE; IN-VITRO; MICROLEAKAGE; TEMPERATURE; TEETH; FATIGUE; SYSTEMS; WATER AB The value of short- to medium-duration thermal stressing in the in vitro evaluation of resin composites remains questionable. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Gen Dent Program, Ft Carson, CO USA. USA, Dent Corps, Ft Carson, CO USA. Naval Hosp, Great Lakes, IL USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Smisson, DC (reprint author), Fisher Dent Clin, Bldg 237, Great Lakes, IL USA. EM Kim.Diefenderfer@nhgl.med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 925VW UT WOS:000229082400006 PM 15986948 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Burris, HR Gilbreath, GC Goetz, PG Moore, CI Steil, MF Vilcheck, MJ Witkowsky, JL Swingen, L Suite, MR Oh, E Koplow, J AF Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Burris, HR Gilbreath, GC Goetz, PG Moore, CI Steil, MF Vilcheck, MJ Witkowsky, JL Swingen, L Suite, MR Oh, E Koplow, J TI Free-space optical communications link at 1550 nm using multiple-quantum-well modulating retroreflectors in a marine environment SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical communications; quantum-well devices; retroreflector ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SYSTEMS; WAVE AB A 1550-nm eye-safe, free-space optical communications link is demonstrated at rates up to 5 Mbits/s over a distance of 2 km in the Chesapeake Bay, using quantum-well-based modulating retroreflectors. Tests are conducted under various atmospheric conditions over a time period of about a year. The experimental and theoretical link budgets are compared and statistical measurements of the effects of scintillation are collected. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 AR 056001 DI 10.1117/1.1906230 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KP UT WOS:000232590600035 ER PT J AU Virgilio, GR Hale, BR AF Virgilio, GR Hale, BR TI A case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Internal Med Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Virgilio, GR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Internal Med Infect Dis Div, 34800 bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM virgiliog@navspecwarcen.navy.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 132 IS 5 BP 800 EP 801 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.046 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 925LZ UT WOS:000229055900024 PM 15886638 ER PT J AU Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Direct evidence of interaction between dislocations and point defects in diamond SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIAMOND; OPTICAL-CENTERS; NITROGEN; SILICON; FILMS; TEM AB The detailed correlation of results from two dissimilar experimental techniques, transmission electron microscopy and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy, has allowed us to obtain direct evidence of the interaction between linear and point defects in diamond as both 388.9 nm and 379 nm optical centers were found to be strongly related to dislocations. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Mora, AE (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM a.e.mora-marquez@bristol.ac.uk; J.W.Steeds@bristol.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 202 IS 6 BP R69 EP R71 DI 10.1002/pssa.200510021 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 929KT UT WOS:000229345700005 ER PT J AU Boishin, GI Sullivan, JM Whitman, LJ AF Boishin, GI Sullivan, JM Whitman, LJ TI Structure of GaSb digitally doped with Mn SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; STABILITY; EXCHANGE AB Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) and density functional theory have been used to characterize the structure of GaSb digitally doped with Mn. The Mn dopants are found in both isolated substitutional form as well as in large clusters of zinc-blende MnSb commensurate with the surrounding GaSb matrix. Theoretical calculations predict that these two forms of Mn in the digitally doped layers will have a very different appearance in XSTM images. Substitutional Mn enhances the local density of states near the surface, thus appearing higher in a filled-state image. In contrast, MnSb clusters induce substantial structural relaxation at the {110} surface, and therefore appear as localized depressed regions with negligible perturbation of the surrounding GaSb. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Sullivan, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.sullivan@nrl.navy.mil; whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 19 AR 193307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.193307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941WE UT WOS:000230244100018 ER PT J AU Brewer, PJ Lane, PA Huang, JS DeMello, AJ Bradley, DDC DeMello, JC AF Brewer, PJ Lane, PA Huang, JS DeMello, AJ Bradley, DDC DeMello, JC TI Role of electron injection in polyfluorene-based light emitting diodes containing PEDOT : PSS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OHMIC HOLE INJECTION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; FIELD DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR-CELLS; POLY(9,9-DIOCTYLFLUORENE); ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ELECTROABSORPTION; METAL AB We report electromodulation (EM) studies of polyfluorene-based light-emitting diodes containing poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), in which the barrier to hole injection is large (similar to 0.7 eV). Measurements are reported on devices fabricated with aluminium and barium cathodes to provide respectively poor and efficient electron injection into the active layer. The Al devices exhibit low currents, indicating low rates of electron and hole injection, whereas the Ba devices exhibit high currents. and high electroluminescence efficiencies, implying efficient injection of both electrons and holes despite the large hole injection barrier. The Al devices show conventional field-induced EM behavior consistent with the Stark effect (SE). The Ba devices show conventional SE behavior for low applied biases but, above turn-on, the (field-induced) SE features vanish, indicating suppression of the internal field, and are replaced by charge-induced bleaching and absorption features. The behavior of the devices is attributed to the presence of electron traps close to the PEDOT:PSS/organic interface. The experimental findings are consistent with earlier findings by Murata et al., Van Woudenbergh et al., Poplavskyy et al., and Lane et al. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP DeMello, JC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.demello@imperial.ac.uk RI Bradley, Donal/F-6068-2011 OI Bradley, Donal/0000-0001-8713-5060 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 20 AR 205209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205209 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941WG UT WOS:000230244300042 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Optical properties and correlation effects in NaxCoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NACO2O4 AB We have calculated the optical spectra of NaxCoO2 for x=0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 within the local density approximation (LDA). A comparison of our results to available experimental data shows good agreement of the important features and trends, but reveals a nearly uniform shift of peak positions and poor quantitative reproduction of intensities. We show, through application of a simple model, that these differences can be attributed to overhybridization between Co and O orbitals and spin fluctuations that renormalize the bandwidth. Application of the LDA + U procedure shifts the optical peaks farther from their experimental locations, indicating that this method of incorporating correlation effects is ill-suited for the case of NaxCoO2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 20 AR 205103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205103 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941WG UT WOS:000230244300020 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI Accurate molecular energies by extrapolation of atomic energies using an analytic quantum mechanical model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ROW ATOMS; ORBITAL APPROACH; X-ALPHA; EXCHANGE; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SURFACES AB Using an analytic quantum-mechanical method based on Slater's X alpha method, we show that a fairly accurate estimate of the total energy of a molecule can be obtained from the exact energies of its constituent atoms. The mean absolute error in the total energies thus determined for the G2 set of 56 molecules is about 16 kcal/mol, comparable to or better than some popular pure and hybrid density functional models. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil; dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 19 AR 193104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.193104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941WE UT WOS:000230244100004 ER PT J AU Seljak, U Makarov, A McDonald, P Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Cen, R Doi, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Loveday, J Lupton, RH Munn, JA Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Tegmark, M Berk, DEV Weinberg, DH York, DG AF Seljak, U Makarov, A McDonald, P Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Cen, R Doi, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Loveday, J Lupton, RH Munn, JA Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Tegmark, M Berk, DEV Weinberg, DH York, DG TI Cosmological parameter analysis including SDSS Ly alpha forest and galaxy bias: Constraints on the primordial spectrum of fluctuations, neutrino mass, and dark energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER SPECTRUM; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; PRECISION COSMOLOGY; PHASE-TRANSITION; REDSHIFT SURVEY AB We combine the constraints from the recent Ly alpha forest analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the SDSS galaxy bias analysis with previous constraints from SDSS galaxy clustering, the latest supernovae, and 1st year WMAP cosmic microwave background anisotropies. We find significant improvements on all of the cosmological parameters compared to previous constraints, which highlights the importance of combining Ly alpha forest constraints with other probes. Combining WMAP and the Ly alpha forest we find for the primordial slope n(s) = 0.98 +/- 0.02. We see no evidence of running, dn/d lnk = -0.003 +/- 0.010, a factor of 3 improvement over previous constraints. We also find no evidence of tensors, r < 0.36 (95% c.l.). Inflationary models predict the absence of running and many among them satisfy these constraints, particularly negative curvature models such as those based on spontaneous symmetry breaking. A positive correlation between tensors and primordial slope disfavors chaotic inflation-type models with steep slopes: while the V proportional to phi(2) model is within the 2-sigma contour, V proportional to phi(4) is outside the 3-sigma contour. For the amplitude we find sigma(8) = 0.90 +/- 0.03 from the Ly alpha forest and WMAP alone. We find no evidence of neutrino mass: for the case of 3 massive neutrino families with an inflationary prior, eV and the mass of lightest neutrino is m(1) < 0.13 eV at 95% c.l. For the 3 massless +1 massive neutrino case we find m(nu)< 0.79 eV for the massive neutrino, excluding at 95% c.l. all neutrino mass solutions compatible with the LSND results. We explore dark energy constraints in models with a fairly general time dependence of dark energy equation of state, finding Omega(lambda) = 0.72 +/- 0.02, w(z = 0.3) = -0.98(-0.12)(+0.10), the latter changing to w(z = 0.3) = -0.92(-0.10)(+0.09) if tensors are allowed. We find no evidence for variation of the equation of state with redshift, w(z = 1) = -1.03(-0.28)(+0.21). These results rely on the current understanding of the Ly alpha forest and other probes, which need to be explored further both observationally and theoretically, but extensive tests reveal no evidence of inconsistency among different data sets used here. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. Univ Washington, Dept Anat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Tokyo, Astron Inst, Sch Sci, Tokyo, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth, Hants, England. Univ Cambridge, Astron Inst, Cambridge, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Seljak, U (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 90 TC 643 Z9 647 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 103515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.103515 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 930TQ UT WOS:000229440400028 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, JP Davidson, RC AF Dahlburg, JP Davidson, RC TI Foreword: Papers from the 46th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Savannah, Georgia, 2004 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 455 Overlook Ave SW,POB 85608, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 AR 055301 DI 10.1063/1.1896955 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 928MQ UT WOS:000229276200094 ER PT J AU Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Fischer, R Kaganovich, D Jones, T Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P AF Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Fischer, R Kaganovich, D Jones, T Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P TI Measurements of intense femtosecond laser pulse propagation in air SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 2004 CL Savannah, GA SP Amer Phys Soc ID FILAMENTS AB The nonlinear self-focusing of an intense femtosecond pulse propagating in air can be balanced by the plasma defocusing as the laser intensity is increased above the threshold for multiphoton ionization. The resultant laser/plasma filament can extend many meters, suitable for many applications such as remote atmospheric breakdown, laser induced electrical discharge, and femtosecond laser material interactions. Direct (bore-sight) measurements of filament size and fluence over 4 m showed a preservation of the total energy in the filament during propagation. This indicates the energy lost in creating the central plasma column through multiphoton ionization was continuously being replenished from the surrounding radiation. Electrical measurement of the filament conductivity estimated the plasma density to be 1x10(16) cm(-3) and electrical discharges triggered by a femtosecond laser filament were found to occur at substantially reduced breakdown fields. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ting@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 AR 056705 DI 10.1063/1.1871197 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 928MQ UT WOS:000229276200155 ER PT J AU Zalesak, ST Schmitt, AJ Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH AF Zalesak, ST Schmitt, AJ Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH TI Modeling fluid instabilities in inertial confinement fusion hydrodynamics codes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 2004 CL Savannah, GA SP Amer Phys Soc ID ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; CONSERVATION-LAWS; TARGETS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB The numerical tools typically used to model the evolution of fluid instabilities in inertial confinement fusion hydrodynamics codes are examined, and some are found to have properties which would seem to be incompatible with the accurate modeling of small-amplitude perturbations, i.e., perturbations in the linear stage of evolution. In particular a "differentiability condition" which is satisfied by the physics in such situations is not necessarily satisfied by the numerical algorithms in typical use. It is demonstrated that it is possible to remove much of the nondifferentiability in many cases, and that substantial improvement in one's ability to accurately model the evolution of small-amplitude perturbations can result. First a simple example involving a nondifferentiable radiation transport algorithm is shown, and then the nondifferentiabilities introduced by the use of upwind and "high resolution" hydrodynamics algorithms are analyzed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 AR 056311 DI 10.1063/1.1885004 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 928MQ UT WOS:000229276200140 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Apruzese, JP Davis, J AF Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Apruzese, JP Davis, J TI Non-local radiation transport via coupling constants for the radially inhomogeneous Hg-Ar positive column SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION; GEOMETRIC-QUANTIZATION TECHNIQUE; PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; RESONANCE ATOM DENSITIES; LOW-PRESSURE-DISCHARGE; HOLSTEIN EQUATION; GAS-DISCHARGES; MERCURY; PLASMA AB A model is presented for the radially inhomogeneous Hg-Ar positive column discharge with properties similar to the standard fluorescent lamp. The model combines the electron excitation reactions and radiation trapping to self-consistently solve the spatially dependent species rate equations. Collision rates are evaluated from the electron distribution function determined from the inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation with the gradient term. Radiation processes are evaluated through frequency dependent cell-to-cell coupling constants. This general radiation transport method accounts for non-local photo-pumping, line overlap within the isotopic structure of the Hg resonance lines, and an emission line profile subject to partial frequency redistribution. The coupling constants agree with a more computationally intensive Monte Carlo code. The emission line profile provides an effective decay rate for the 185 nm line, which follows trends in measurements. In contrast, the use of a uniform constant escape factor for radiation trapping leads to centrally constricted profiles for the Hg excited states. Model results for the mean electron energy, distribution function and density distribution of Hg triplet levels are found to agree with existing spatially resolved data. Predicted and measured broad profiles for the Hg triplet levels are attributed to photo-pumping of the outer plasma regions by inner ones. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM giul@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/14/2/004 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 937IP UT WOS:000229918100013 ER PT J AU Shenenberger, DW AF Shenenberger, DW TI Curbing the psoriasis cascade - Therapies to minimize flares and frustration SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND; EFFICACY; CARE AB Psoriasis, a T-cell-mediated disorder, affects 1% to 3% of the world's population. The characteristic lesions occur in many different forms, can cause significant discomfort and social distress, and in some instances, lead to dehydration and metabolic derangement. A chronic, unpredictable course and the necessity of periodically switching drugs or classes of drugs make psoriasis frustrating to treat. However, topical and systemic drug therapies and phototherapy can help minimize the exacerbations and prolong remissions. In this article, Dr Shenenberger outlines treatment approaches and discusses research into the use of immunomodulatory agents. C1 USN, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium Dermatol Residency Progra, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Shenenberger, DW (reprint author), USN, 2220 Cherry Leaf Ln, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 928TN UT WOS:000229294700007 PM 15948363 ER PT J AU Klingner, DE Jones, LR AF Klingner, DE Jones, LR TI Learning from the Philippine occupation: Nation-building and institutional development in Iraq and other high security risk nations SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE institutional development; government capacity; nation-building; Iraq ID IMPERIALISM; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; EMPIRE AB Outcomes of armed conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq indicate that the U.S. has been unprepared to fully address problems related to establishing social and economic stability, security and governance in the aftermath of war. This is unfortunate, given that U.S. policy makers' nation-building efforts to achieve stability, security and good governance in these nations do not reflect what they should already have learnt about organisational and institutional development from past experiences providing significant development assistance to highly unstable nations. Based on the analysis rendered in this article, 'smart practice' development administration in such nations comprises the following key points that link nation building to institutional/organisational development: Nation building (creating new national sovereignty) is different from, and harder than, building government capacity (creating or strengthening institutions and organisations). Given that building government capacity typically requires years of patient assistance and financing, it is better to build on existing indigenous institutions like the civil service and military. The time and expense of development assistance to high security risk nations means that it is advisable to establish a multi-lateral development assistance plan and a multi-national, multi-institutional framework for financing development to pay for all that is necessary over a long period of time (i.e. 20-50 years). Policy makers should emphasise social stability and stable economic growth under self-governance to prevent actual or perceived economic exploitation. Policy makers' diplomatic efforts should secure accommodation of various stakeholders sufficient to permit compromise leading to formation of an independent government. Where occupation appears necessary to achieve security and stability, policy makers should allocate enough troops and money to do the job, and accurately assess and report all costs of military occupation and nation building. Once occupation has occurred, policy makers should not withdraw military support in a way that would increase the likelihood of civil war. Premature withdrawal of security, economic and political support prior to the point where high security risk nations are capable of governing themselves will cause a power vacuum, and may result in fragmented regional leadership by warlords. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Grad Sch Publ Affairs, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Klingner, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Grad Sch Publ Affairs, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM dklingne@uccs.edu NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2075 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN DEVELOP JI Public Adm. Dev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1002/pad.360 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 929LG UT WOS:000229347000006 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Puri, A TI Revisiting Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID RIVLIN-ERICKSEN FLUID; VISCOELASTIC FLUID; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; FLAT-PLATE; LIQUIDS; MOTION; FLOWS AB Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids is re-examined and new findings are presented. Specifically, the behaviour of the velocity field is examined with respect to vortex sheet and jump amplitude structure, expressions for the boundary layer thickness are given, and an energy analysis is carried out. Several new small-time expressions are derived for both velocity- and energy-related quantities. Results for Maxwell fluids are compared with those of viscous Newtonian fluids and analytical findings are supported by numerical work. It is shown that the presence of fluid elasticity counteracts viscous effects, that the Maxwell and viscous Newtonian kinetic energy profiles intersect, and that the point of intersection is both greater than and proportional to the Maxwell relaxation time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil; apuri@uno.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-5614 J9 Q J MECH APPL MATH JI Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1093/qjmamj/hbi008 PN 2 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 952YY UT WOS:000231043600004 ER PT J AU Robeck, TR Steinman, KJ Yoshioka, M Jensen, E O'Brien, JK Katsumata, E Gili, C McBain, JF Sweeney, J Monfort, SL AF Robeck, TR Steinman, KJ Yoshioka, M Jensen, E O'Brien, JK Katsumata, E Gili, C McBain, JF Sweeney, J Monfort, SL TI Estrous cycle characterisation and artificial insemination using frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; RESOURCE BANKS; OVULATION; SERUM; MARES; GONADOTROPINS; REPRODUCTION AB The reproductive endocrinology of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was characterized to facilitate the development of artificial insemination using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were: (i) to determine the excretory dynamics of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroid metabolites during the estrous cycle; (ii) to evaluate the effect of an exogenously administered synthetic progesterone analog (altrenogest) on reproductive hormone excretion; (iii) to correlate follicular growth and ovulation (as determined by transabdominal ultrasound) to urinary LH and ovarian steroid metabolites; (iv) examine the in vivo fertilisation capacity of cryopreserved semen, and (v) to develop an intrauterine insemination technique. Based on urinary endocrine monitoring of natural estrous cycles (2 consecutive cycles) and nine post altrenogest cycles in ten females, estrous cycles were found to be 36 days long and comprised of an 8 day and 19 day follicular and luteal phase, respectively. Peak estrogen conjugates (EC; 5.4 &PLUSMN; 3.8 ng/mg creatinine (Cr)) occurred 8 h prior to the LH surge (70.9 &PLUSMN; 115.7 ng/mg Cr). The time of ovulation, as determined by ultrasonography, occurred 32.1 &PLUSMN; 8.9 h and 24.3 &PLUSMN; 7.0 h after the onset of the LH surge and LH peak, respectively. Mean preovulatory follicular diameter and circumference were 2.1 &PLUSMN; 0.5 cm and 6.5 &PLUSMN; 1.5 cm, respectively. Of the 27 estrous synchronisation attempts, 13 resulted in an ovulatory cycle, with ovulation occurring 21 days post-altrenogest treatment. Intrauterine (4 of 5) and intracornual (1 of 3) inseminations conducted across eight estrous cycles resulted in five pregnancies (63%), one pregnancy resulted from the use of liquid stored semen, whereas four were achieved using cryopreserved semen. These data provide new information on female bottlenose dolphin reproductive physiology, and demonstrate that the combination of endocrine monitoring and serial ultrasonography contributed to successful AI using liquid-stored and cryopreserved semen. C1 SeaWorld Texas, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Mie Univ, Lab Fish Culture, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Ctr Adv Technol Anim Genet & Reprod, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Acquario Genova, I-16128 Genoa, Italy. Kamogawa SeaWorld, Chiba 2960041, Japan. SeaWorld Calif, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. Dolphin Quest Oahu, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Robeck, TR (reprint author), SeaWorld Texas, 10500 SeaWorld Dr, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. EM Todd.Robeck@SeaWorld.com NR 48 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 17 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD MAY PY 2005 VL 129 IS 5 BP 659 EP 674 DI 10.1530/rep.1.00516 PG 16 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 925VA UT WOS:000229080200012 PM 15855629 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Stuart, TC Knight, DA Goldman, ER Thach, DC Rongard, JE Chang, EL AF Delehanty, JB Stuart, TC Knight, DA Goldman, ER Thach, DC Rongard, JE Chang, EL TI RNA hydrolysis and inhibition of translation by a Co(III)-cyclen complex SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE RNA; translation; chelate; metal; hydrolysis; antisense ID DNA; MECHANISM; CONDENSATION; CATALYSTS; PROGRESS; ESTERS AB Metal ion-chelator catalysts based on main-group, lanthanide, or transition metal complexes have been developed as nonenzymatic alternatives for the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds in DNA and RNA. Cobalt (111), with its high-charge density, is known for its ability to hydrolyze phosphodiesters with rate constants as high as 2 x 10(-4) s(-1). We have developed a kinetically inert Co(III)-cyclen-based complex, Co(111)-cycmmb that is very potent in inhibiting the translation of RNA into protein. Contact time as short as 10 min is sufficient to achieve the complete inhibition of the translation of a concentrated luciferase RNA solution into the enzyme in a cell-free translation system. The inhibition appears to proceed through two pathways. The first pathway involves the kinetic or substitutional inertness of Co(III) for the RNA template at short contact times. This interaction is mediated through the kinetic inertness of Co(III) for the phosphate groups of the nucleotides, as well as coordination of Co(III) to the nitrogenous bases. The second pathway occurs at longer contact times and is mediated by the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester backbone. This report represents the first demonstrated use of a metal-chelate complex to achieve the inhibition of the translation of RNA into protein. This Co(111) system can be useful in its present nonsequence-specific form as a novel viral decontamination agent. When functionalized to recognize specific nucleic acid sequences, such a system could potentially be used in gene-silencing applications as an alternative to standard antisense or RNAi technologies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Mol Neurosci Core Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Chang, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1261/rna.7156805 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 920QW UT WOS:000228706200026 PM 15840822 ER PT J AU Shchukin, DG Sukhorukov, GB Price, RR Lvov, YM AF Shchukin, DG Sukhorukov, GB Price, RR Lvov, YM TI Halloysite nanotubes as biomimetic nanoreactors SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE biomineralization; calcium carbonate; halloysite; nanoreactors; nanotubes ID HYDROPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; DELIVERY SYSTEM; MORPHOLOGY; RELEASE; UREASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; PRECIPITATION; INTERCALATION C1 Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany. Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shchukin, DG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany. EM Dmitry.Shchukin@mpikg-golm.mpg.de; ylvov@coes.latech.edu RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 NR 37 TC 195 Z9 199 U1 12 U2 103 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAY PY 2005 VL 1 IS 5 BP 510 EP 513 DI 10.1002/smll.200400120 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 926IY UT WOS:000229118100004 PM 17193477 ER PT J AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE AF Beaubouef, T Petry, FE TI Representation of spatial data in an OODB using rough and fuzzy set modeling SO SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE spatial data; object-oriented database; rough sets; fuzzy sets; uncertainty ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; RELATIONAL DATABASE AB This paper introduces and formally defines a fuzzy rough object-oriented database (OODB) model based on a formal framework using an algebraic type system and formally defined constraints. This generalized model incorporates both rough set and fuzzy set uncertainty, while remaining compliant with object-oriented database standards set forth by the Object Database Management Group. Rough and fuzzy set uncertainty enhance the OODB model so that it can more accurately model real world applications. Spatial databases have a particular need for uncertainty management that can be achieved through rough and fuzzy techniques. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-7643 J9 SOFT COMPUT JI Soft Comput. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 9 IS 5 BP 364 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s00500-004-0416-1 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 924YZ UT WOS:000229018800007 ER PT J AU Michael, S AF Michael, S TI A novel approach for the modeling of advanced photovoltaic devices using the SILVACO/ATLAS virtual wafer fabrication tools SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics, Chemistry and Engineering of Solar Cells CY MAY 13-15, 2004 CL Univ Extremadura, Sch Ind Engn, Badajoz, SPAIN HO Univ Extremadura, Sch Ind Engn DE modeling of solar cells; multi-junction solar cells; virtual growth of crystals; simulation ID SOLAR-CELLS AB In this paper a new method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell is presented. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this novel methodology. In our opinion, the introduction of this modeling technique to the photovoltaic community will prove to be of great importance in aiding in the design and development of advanced solar cells. Two models of a single GaAs and an InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell are prepared and are fully simulated. The major stages of the process are explained and the simulation results are compared to published experimental data to demonstrate the accurate results produced by the model utilizing this technique. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is illustrated and example results are shown throughout the whole process, demonstrating some of the different parameters effects on the model performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 771 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.07.050 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 927CR UT WOS:000229170500074 ER PT J AU Michael, S Bates, A AF Michael, S Bates, A TI The design and optimization of advanced multijunction solar cells using the Silvaco ATLAS software package SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics, Chemistry and Engineering of Solar Cells CY MAY 13-15, 2004 CL Univ Extremadura, Sch Ind Engn, Badajoz, SPAIN HO Univ Extremadura, Sch Ind Engn DE multi-junction solar cells modeling; virtual growth of crystals; simulation; optimization AB In this paper, the design and optimization of advanced multijunction photovoltaic devices, utilizing a newly introduced modeling technique (J. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, submitted for publication), is demonstrated. In our opinion, the introduction of this modeling technique to the photovoltaic community will prove to be of great importance in aiding the design and optimization of advanced solar cells. A model of an InGaP/GaAs/InGaNAs/Ge four-junction solar cell is prepared and is fully simulated. The major stages of the process are explained and the simulation results are compared to published theoretical and experimental data. An example of cell parameters optimization is also presented. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated. The methodology and design considerations for this process are explained. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.edu NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.07.051 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 927CR UT WOS:000229170500075 ER PT J AU Stafford, CM Crawford, SW Bradshaw, DA Grice, GP AF Stafford, CM Crawford, SW Bradshaw, DA Grice, GP TI Sclerosing hemangioma SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID LUNG C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 580 EP 580 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000161757.83547.74 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 928IE UT WOS:000229264100023 PM 15954523 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI Harlequin Britain: Pantomime and entertainment, 1690-1760 SO THEATRE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0192-2882 J9 THEATRE J JI Theatre J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2 BP 341 EP 342 DI 10.1353/tj.2005.0078 PG 2 WC Theater SC Theater GA 932IY UT WOS:000229548600045 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Egge, AL Medintz, IL Lassman, ME Anderson, GP AF Goldman, Ellen R. Egge, Adrienne L. Medintz, Igor L. Lassman, Michael E. Anderson, George P. TI Application of a homogenous assay for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to environmental water samples SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE homogeneous assay; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ( TNT); environmental monitoring; explosives; fluorescent displacement immunoassay ID TNT; IMMUNOASSAY AB A homogeneous assay was used to detect 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) spiked into environmental water samples. This assay is based on changes in fluorescence emission intensity when TNT competitively displaces a fluorescently labeled, TNT analog bound to an anti-TNT antibody. The effectiveness of the assay was highly dependent on the source of the sample being tested. As no correlation between pH and assay performance was observed, ionic strength was assumed to be the reason for variation in assay results. Addition of 10x phosphate-buffered saline to samples to increase their ionic strength to that of our standard laboratory buffer (about 0.17 M) significantly improved the range over which the assay functioned in several river water samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erg@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 BP 446 EP 451 DI 10.1100/tsw.2005.58 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 110NA UT WOS:000242384400011 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR Ragno, G TI Breakage rate for red blood cells frozen with 40 percent (wt/vol) glycerol in 800-mL polyvinylchloride plastic bags stored in rigid cardboard boxes at -80 degrees C SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN RBCS FROZEN; STORAGE C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 822 EP 823 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00468.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 916OS UT WOS:000228395600030 PM 15847678 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Tuti, S Sismadi, P Wiady, I Basri, H Krisin Masbar, S Projodipuro, P Elyazar, IRF Corwin, AL Bangs, MJ AF Maguire, JD Tuti, S Sismadi, P Wiady, I Basri, H Krisin Masbar, S Projodipuro, P Elyazar, IRF Corwin, AL Bangs, MJ TI Endemic coastal malaria in the Thousand Islands District, near Jakarta, Indonesia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Anopheles sundaicus; autochthonous; coastal; malaria; outbreak; Plasmodium falciparum ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CULICIDAE; THAILAND; DIPTERA; VIVAX AB OBJECTIVES To conduct malaria surveillance near Jakarta where only imported malaria has been described over the past two decades and to characterize endemicity and risk to heavily populated peri-urban locations. METHODS Standard cross-sectional malariometric surveys and mosquito collections at the Thousand Islands District and developing peri-urban areas of Jakarta. RESULTS During October 2000 outbreak investigations in the Tidung Island group, the slide positive rate was 47% (38%Plasmodium falciparum, 7%P. vivax, and 2% mixed infections) among 733 persons screened. Very few parasitemic inhabitants were symptomatic (< 1%), and native residents were more commonly infected than immigrants (odds ratio 1.72), consistent with endemic autochthonous transmission. Adult and larval mosquito collections detected Anopheles sundaicus. In June 2001, prevalence of parasitemia at Pari Island, where sampling was adequate for comparison, remained high, 32%vs. 43% previously. Among 1377 individuals screened at nearby Tangerang District, a heavily populated mainland suburb dominated by fishponds through which many islanders travel to Jakarta, only 19 malaria infections were identified, all imported from Pari Island. Entomological surveillance in Tangerang identified An. subpictus, An. vagus, and An. barbirostris, all considered minor malaria vectors on Java. CONCLUSIONS Malaria is endemic in the Tidung Island group. Imported malaria occurs in the heavily populated Tangerang District where coastal development is increasing and vector breeding sites and demographic patterns lend increasingly to malaria importation and risk of emergent malaria. Careful attention to the impact of coastal development activities on vector populations and efforts to prevent introduction of An. sundaicus are warranted. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesia Minist Hlth, Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, US Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. EM maguirejd@namru2.org NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 10 IS 5 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01402.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 921FM UT WOS:000228749600014 PM 15860097 ER PT J AU Esposito, D Schone, E Williams, T CyBulski, K Stapulonis, R Clusen, N Nolan, E AF Esposito, D Schone, E Williams, T CyBulski, K Stapulonis, R Clusen, N Nolan, E TI Prescription drug noncompliance among TRICARE beneficiaries at military pharmacies SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mathemat Policy Res Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. Mathemat Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC USA. TRICARE Management Author, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Pharm Board, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918PE UT WOS:000228559300156 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Bevilacqua, R Servranckx, R Rosen, J Thayer, JP Herman, J Larko, D AF Fromm, M Bevilacqua, R Servranckx, R Rosen, J Thayer, JP Herman, J Larko, D TI Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3-4 August 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; SATELLITE DETECTION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; POLAR OZONE; POAM III; SAGE-II; AEROSOL; TRANSPORT; INSTRUMENT AB We report observations and analysis of a pyro-cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3-4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4-7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and "pure" smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above similar to 430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept 3905, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Ctr Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7227,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016 OI THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251 NR 37 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D8 AR D08205 DI 10.1029/2004JD005350 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 923GK UT WOS:000228897700001 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Kim, WH Huang, Z Je, JT Sung, CSP AF Kim, OK Kim, WH Huang, Z Je, JT Sung, CSP TI White light emission from two blue emitters of an equimolar (1 : 1) blend in single-layer device SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE white light emission; electroluminescence; photoluminescence ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRON RELAY; PI-CENTER; DITHIENOTHIOPHENE; EFFICIENT; POLYMERS AB A white light emission was observed from a single-layer emitting system consisting of an equimolar blend of two blue emitters of a bipolar oligomer. 9,9-spirobifluorene-centered bioxadiazole (303) and polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), featuring a single broad emission (ranging in 400-800 nm), which is distinctly different from those of large PVK-fraction blends (λ(em) = 490 nm) and that of pristine 303 (λ(em) = 555 nm) as well. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, S&F Associates, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM okkim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 150 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.02.005 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 927CH UT WOS:000229169500013 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT AF Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT TI Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARITIES; LATITUDES AB We consider VHF amplitude scintillations, GPS phase fluctuations, ionosonde measurements, maps of GPS total electron content (TEC), observations of daytime aurora and TIMED GUVI images during the large magnetic storms of October 29 - 31, 2003, and find two distinct classes of plasma processes that produce midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. One is associated with auroral plasma processes; the other, with storm enhanced density ( SED) gradients, a part of which occur in close proximity to sub-auroral polarization stream ( SAPS) electric fields as discussed by J. C. Foster et al. ( 2002). We analyze in detail the storm event of October 30, 2003. The SAPS-associated plasma structures may occur by an ion temperature gradient convective instability ( M. J. Keskinen et al., 2004), but structuring by auroral processes requires elucidation. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA 02467 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sbasu@bu.edu; basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; jmakela@uiuc.edu; sheehanp@bc.edu; eileen.mackenzie@hanscom.af.mil; dohertpd@bc.edu; bill.wright@noaa.gov; keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; dpraju@bu.edu; larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu; ftb@cc.usu.edu RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S06 DI 10.1029/2004GL021669 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GG UT WOS:000228897300001 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM MacKenzie, E Keskinen, MJ Rich, FJ AF Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM MacKenzie, E Keskinen, MJ Rich, FJ TI Near-simultaneous plasma structuring in the midlatitude and equatorial ionosphere during magnetic superstorms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; RING CURRENT; JULY 15; STORM; SCINTILLATIONS; LATITUDES AB Near simultaneous formation of ionospheric plasma density structures at middle and equatorial latitudes during the intense magnetic storms of October 29 - 31, 2003, July 15, 2000, and March 30 - 31, 2001 is investigated. The evolution of these structures is explored by measuring amplitude scintillation of satellite signals at 250 MHz, determining zonal irregularity drifts and by detecting equatorial plasma bubbles with DMSP satellites. During abrupt decreases of SYM-H (1-minute resolution Dst) that signify the penetration of high latitude electric fields, an impulsive onset of scintillation occurs at Hanscom AFB (HAFB), a sub-auroral location, as well as in the equatorial region where the early evening period corresponds to the time of scintillation onset at midlatitudes. The onset of equatorial scintillation is delayed from that at midlatitudes by about 20 minutes which can be accounted for by considering instantaneous electric field penetration and plasma instability growth time of equatorial irregularities. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA 02467 USA. USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S05 DI 10.1029/2004GL021678 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GG UT WOS:000228897300002 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Yu, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Jin, N Chung, SY Yu, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE TI Temperature dependent DC/RF performance of Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnelling diodes SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB The temperature dependent DC/RF performance of Si-based resonant interband tunnelling diodes (RITDs) grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy was studied. Both DC and RF performance were measured at various temperatures from 20 to 150&DEG; C. At 20&DEG; C, the RITD exhibits a peak current density (J(p)) of 22 kA/cm(2) with peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 2.0. The maximum resistive cutoff frequency (f(r0)) of 2.4 GHz was obtained by biasing the diode at 320 mV Increasing temperature slightly degrades the PVCR and f(r0). At 150&DEG; C, the PVCR and f(r0) reduced to 1.8 and 1.9 GHz, respectively. The observed weak temperature dependence of the DC/RF performance and the GHz operating frequency make Si/SiGe RITDs a good candidate for high power microwave applications. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1049/el:20050020 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 923QW UT WOS:000228925400032 ER PT J AU Benedict, B Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W AF Benedict, B Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W TI Optically sensing additional sonication effects on dispersed HiPco nanotubes in aerated water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOWIRE NANOSENSORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BIOSENSORS; SENSORS; DNA; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ULTRASOUND; SEPARATION AB Ultrasonication is a necessary process to make single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) soluble in aqueous solution with surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). However, an understanding of the sonication effects on the electronic and optical properties of SWNTs in aqueous solution is still lacking. Here, we have observed that sonication-induced pH changes suppress the optical transitions of the first interband transition pair (S-11) in the density of states of semiconducting SWNTs while other possible intermediates induced by sonication contribute less significantly to the observed spectral changes without the involvement of sonication-induced pH decrease. The suppressed S-11 peaks can be restored by adding basic solution, suggesting that the lattice structure of SWNTs is undisrupted by the sonication used here. The absorbance of S-11 peaks shows a nearly linear relationship with sonication-induced pH changes in the narrow pH range of 5.2 and 6.1. The results indicate that SDS-encased SWNTs may be used as an indicator for sonolysis-related applications. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@ualr.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 16 BP 7778 EP 7780 DI 10.1021/jp0406161 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 919FM UT WOS:000228603700027 PM 16851903 ER PT J AU Teliska, A O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE AF Teliska, A O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE TI Determination of O and OH adsorption sites and coverage in situ on pt electrodes from Pt L-23 X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION; ATOMIC OXYGEN; HYDROGEN CHEMISORPTION; PT(111) SURFACE; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; STEPPED PT(111); SHAPE RESONANCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; CO; PARTICLES AB The adsorption of atomic oxygen and hydroxide on a platinum electrode in 0.1 M HClO4 or H2SO4 electrolytes was studied in situ with Pt L-2,L-3 X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES). The Pt L-3 edge absorption data, mu, were collected at room temperature in transmission mode on beamline X-11A at the National Synchrotron Light Source using a custom built cell. The Pt electrode was formed of highly dispersed 1.5-3 nm particles supported on carbon. A novel difference procedure (Delta mu = mu(O[H]/Pt) - mu(Pt)) utilizing the L-3 XANES spectra at different applied voltages was used to isolate the effects of O[H] (O or OH) adsorption in the XANES spectra. The Ay results are compared with results obtained from real-space full-multiple scattering calculations utilizing the FEFF8 code on model clusters. The experimental results, when compared with theoretical calculations, allow the adsorption site to be identified. At low coverages OH adsorbs primarily in 1-fold coordinated atop sites. As the coverage increases, O binds in the bridge/fcc sites, and at still higher coverages above 1.05 V RHE, O adsorbs into a higher coordinated n-fold or subsurface site, which is thought to be the result of Pt-O site exchange and oxide formation. These results are similar to those found in the gas phase. Direct specific adsorption of bisulfate anions in H2SO4 is spectroscopically seen in both the EXAFS and XANES data and is seen to impede oxygen adsorption consistent with previous reports. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramaker, DE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ogrady@nrl.navy.mil; ramaker@gwu.edu NR 50 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 16 BP 8076 EP 8084 DI 10.1021/jp0502003 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 919FM UT WOS:000228603700067 PM 16851943 ER PT J AU Cowart, JS AF Cowart, JS TI An experimental and modeling based investigation into the high stoichiometric flow rates required in direct methanol fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE direct methanol; fuel cell; stoichiometry; operating conditions; engineering; polymer electrolyte ID CROSSOVER; SYSTEM AB Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) characteristically require high stoichiometric flow rates in order to optimize their performance. Experiments and modeling were performed in order to provide an improved understanding of the physical basis of this requirement. Anode side modeling suggests that high stoichiometry is necessary to keep the carbon dioxide (CO2) gaseous volumetric generation rate to a fraction of the overall anode flow rate such that CO, gaseous clogging may not result. This requires anode stoichiometries generally greater than 20, and higher with increasing molarity. Cathode side modeling and measurements show that saturated exit air is directly related to poor cell performance. The modeling suggests that the cathode side mass transfer effect is quite strong despite the laminar flow conditions. Stoichiometries greater than 5 are seen to reduce the cell's exit relative humidity (RH) and improve cell performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 351 Rickover Hall,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cowart@usna.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 927BE UT WOS:000229166600005 ER PT J AU Christov, CI Jordan, PM AF Christov, CI Jordan, PM TI Heat conduction paradox involving second-sound propagation in moving media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVES AB In this Letter, we revisit the Maxwell-Cattaneo law of finite-speed heat conduction. We point out that the usual form of this law, which involves a partial time derivative, leads to a paradoxical result if the body is in motion. We then show that by using the material derivative of the thermal flux, in lieu of the local one, the paradox is completely resolved. Specifically, that using the material derivative yields a constitutive relation that is Galilean invariant. Finally, we show that under this invariant reformulation, the system of governing equations, while still hyperbolic, cannot be reduced to a single transport equation in the multidimensional case. C1 Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Christov, CI (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM christov@louisiana.edu RI Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 NR 20 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 15 AR 154301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.154301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919QL UT WOS:000228632500029 PM 15904151 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Bayer, M Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Kress, A Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A AF Ortner, G Bayer, M Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Kress, A Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A TI Control of vertically coupled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots with electric fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN AB Controllable interactions that couple quantum dots are a key requirement in the search for scalable solid state implementations for quantum information technology. From optical studies of excitons and corresponding calculations, we demonstrate that an electric field on vertically coupled pairs of In0.6Ga0.4As/GaAs quantum dots controls the mixing of the exciton states on the two dots and also provides controllable coupling between carriers in the dots. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Ortner, G (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 23 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 15 AR 157401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.157401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919QL UT WOS:000228632500063 PM 15904185 ER PT J AU Goes, JI Thoppil, PG Gomes, HD Fasullo, JT AF Goes, JI Thoppil, PG Gomes, HD Fasullo, JT TI Warming of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; DIPOLE MODE; SNOW COVER; OCEAN; OCEANOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS; SURFACE AB The recent trend of declining winter and spring snow cover over Eurasia is causing a land-ocean thermal gradient that is particularly favorable to stronger southwest (summer) monsoon winds. Since 1997, sea surface winds have been strengthening over the western Arabian Sea. This escalation in the intensity of summer monsoon winds, accompanied by enhanced upwelling and an increase of more than 350% in average summertime phytoplankton biomass along the coast and over 300% offshore, raises the possibility that the current warming trend of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goes, JI (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM jgoes@bigelow.org NR 34 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5721 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1126/science.1106610 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922BK UT WOS:000228810500050 PM 15845852 ER PT J AU Vaughan, K Rhodes, GH Gershwin, LJ AF Vaughan, K Rhodes, GH Gershwin, LJ TI DNA immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infant rhesus monkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA immunization; RSV; rhesus monkeys ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; EARLY-LIFE; ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES; VACCINE RESPONSES; SECRETING CELLS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB A DNA vaccine was tested in infant Rhesus macaques to evaluate its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Monkeys were vaccinated and challenged with a clinical isolate of human RSV. Vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular responses following inoculation with plasmid DNA encoding the fusion (F) and nucleoprotein (N), from closely related bovine RSV Vaccinated monkeys had decreased RSV in their lungs post-infection, and there was a qualitative difference in histopathology observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. The combined result of safety and immunogenicity in a neonatal primate model is encouraging, suggesting the feasibility of DNA vaccines against RSV in infants. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vaughan, K (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM genevax@spawar.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169] NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 22 BP 2928 EP 2942 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.10.046 PG 15 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 915QL UT WOS:000228318800013 PM 15780742 ER PT J AU Mann, GW Carslaw, KS Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Eckermann, SD AF Mann, GW Carslaw, KS Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Eckermann, SD TI Large nitric acid trihydrate particles and denitrification caused by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES; EXPLAIN DENITRIFICATION; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; POLAR STRATOSPHERE; MOTHER CLOUDS; OZONE LOSS; WINTER; NAT; AEROSOLS; MODEL AB [ 1] The contribution of stratospheric mountain waves to the formation of large nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles and subsequent denitrification of the Arctic polar vortex is calculated for the 1999/2000 winter using a three-dimensional (3-D) model. The model production mechanism involves the formation of NAT clouds with high particle number concentrations downwind of mountain wave ice clouds, as has been previously observed. These wave-induced NAT clouds then serve as ``mother clouds'' for the release of low concentrations of sedimenting NAT particles, following the mechanism of Fueglistaler et al. (2002a). Our calculations show that wave-induced NAT mother clouds can occupy up to 5 - 10% of the volume of air below the NAT temperature. NAT particles that have sedimented from the mother cloud bases can occupy in excess of 60% of the NAT supersaturated region. Integrated over the entire vortex at the end of the 1999/2000 simulation, it is estimated that denitrification due to this mechanism could potentially be responsible for as much as 80% of that observed. These results show that mountain waves may contribute to the occurrence of solid polar stratospheric clouds more than was previously thought and that they may play a significant role in denitrification. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Middle Atmospher Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM gmann@env.leeds.ac.uk RI Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013 OI Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D8 AR D08202 DI 10.1029/2004JD005271 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922QG UT WOS:000228852200006 ER PT J AU Wang, YN Bohle, DS Bonifant, CL Chmurny, GN Collins, JR Davies, KM Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, JL Keefer, LK Klose, JR Saavedra, JE Waterhouse, DJ Ivanic, J AF Wang, YN Bohle, DS Bonifant, CL Chmurny, GN Collins, JR Davies, KM Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, JL Keefer, LK Klose, JR Saavedra, JE Waterhouse, DJ Ivanic, J TI Chemistry of the diazeniumdiolates: Z reversible arrow E isomerism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; AB-INITIO; DENSITY; ENERGY; OXIDE; GEOMETRY; SYSTEMS; ATOMS; ION AB Here, we explore the chemistry of the previously undocumented E form of diazeniumdiolates having the structure R(1)R(2)NN(O)=NOR(3). Reported crystallographic studies have uniformly revealed the Z configuration, and our attempts to observe a Z -> E conversion through thermal equilibration or photochemical means have, until now, consistently failed to reveal a significant amount of a second conformer. As a typical example, the NMR spectrum of trimethyl derivative Me(2)NN(O)=NOMe revealed no evidence for a second configuration. Electronic structure calculations attribute this finding to a prohibitively high interconversion barrier of similar to 40 kcal/mol. A similar result was obtained when we considered the case of R(1) = Me = R(3) and R(2) = H at the same levels of theory. However, when MeHNN(O)=NOMe was ionized by dissociating the N-H bond, the barrier was calculated to be lower by approximately 20 kcal/mol, with the E form of the anion being favored over Z This circumstance suggested that an E isomer might be isolable if a Z anion were formed and given sufficient time to assume the E configuration, then quenched by reaction with an electrophile to trap and neutralize the E form and restore the putatively high interconversion barrier. Consistent with this prediction, basifying iPrHNN(O)=NOCH(2)CH(2)Br rapidly led to a six-membered heterocycle that was crystallographically characterized as containing the -N(O)=NO- functional group in the E configuration. The results suggest an approach for generating pairs of Z and E diazeniumdiolates for systematic comparison of the rates at which the individual isomers release bioactive NO and of other physicochemical determinants of their biomedical utility. C1 NCI, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. NCI, Chem Sect, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Lab Proteom & Analyt Technol, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, Intramural Res Support Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ivanic, J (reprint author), NCI, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM jivanic@ncifcrf.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400]; NIDA NIH HHS [Y1-DA1002] NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 15 BP 5388 EP 5395 DI 10.1021/ja0422581 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 916TE UT WOS:000228408300041 PM 15826177 ER PT J AU Hunt, CE Glembocki, OJ Wang, Y Prokes, SM AF Hunt, CE Glembocki, OJ Wang, Y Prokes, SM TI Carbon nanotube growth for field-emission cathodes from graphite paste using Ar-ion bombardment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND FILMS; IRRADIATION AB Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MW-CNT) have been synthesized from solid-phase graphite. The graphite is deposited as a thick-film paste and irradiated with a 1.2 keV flood Ar-ion beam, transforming the graphite surface to a composite of MW-CNT embedded in the graphite matrix. Micro-Raman measurements have verified that the nanotubes are metallic in nature. The technique was used to make printed field-emission cathodes. Emission from these cathodes demonstrates Fowler-Nordheim tunneling characteristics. The irradiated film emits at an extraction field of 5.0 V/μ m, which is less than one-sixth of the minimum extraction field of the nonirradiated graphite film, and exhibit lower noise and greater emission uniformity. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunt, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hunt@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 16 AR 163112 DI 10.1063/1.1899236 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 925GD UT WOS:000229040300068 ER PT J AU Gokemeijer, NJ Clinton, TW Crawford, TM Johnson, M AF Gokemeijer, NJ Clinton, TW Crawford, TM Johnson, M TI Recording head metrology at sub-100 nm device dimensions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC COERCIVITY MEASUREMENTS; CONTACT WRITE/READ TESTER AB A patterned InAs Hall cross was used to quantitatively image the magnetic field produced by magnetic recording write head as a function of current, obtaining field-current transfer functions for both poles. Using the same instrument, the magnetic field of current-carrying wires as small as 95 nm was measured using a magnetic recording read head in near-contact with the wire surface. The measured magnetic fields from the wire agree closely with the Biot-Savart law predictions for the field from a rectangular current carrying wire over a range of sub-500 nm wire widths. However, for narrow wires, a broadening of the wire field is observed. This broadening is likely due to the finite magnetic response width of the read head. These measurements demonstrate the potential of near-contact recording metrology for magnetic recording heads targeting 1 Tbit/in(2) areal-density information storage. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gokemeijer, NJ (reprint author), Seagate Res, 1251 Waterfront Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM nils.gokemeijer@seagate.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 8 AR 083912 DI 10.1063/1.1862322 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 920XT UT WOS:000228729500075 ER PT J AU Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, DL AF Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, DL TI High-power optical microswitch based on direct fiber actuation SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE MOEMS; DRIE; thermal actuator; high-power; optical switch ID ARMING SYSTEM; SWITCH; VOLTAGE; SAFETY AB An optical microswitch is presented for high-power switching applications. The device, capable of switching several watts of optical power, employs large-core multimode fibers to switch output from a laser diode operating at a wavelength of 8 10 nm. Switching is achieved through the direct deflection of an on-chip fiber using a high force electrothermal actuator. Optical losses in the system are identified, and optical efficiency is predicted and verified with experimental measurements. The switch demonstrated in this work requires an electrical current of 120 mA and has an electrical power consumption of 5280 mW. The optical efficiency is found to be on the order of 88% (0.55-0.60 dB loss) with a maximum power transfer of 1690 mW from a 1930 mW input. Switching time is 40 ms with channel isolation between the on and off states of 55 dB. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cochrankr@ih.navy.mil RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 119 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2004.10.037 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 921ND UT WOS:000228770400031 ER PT J AU Long, DP Patterson, CH Moore, MH Seferos, DS Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG AF Long, DP Patterson, CH Moore, MH Seferos, DS Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG TI Magnetic directed assembly of molecular junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; WIRES; CONDUCTANCE; MONOLAYERS; DEVICES AB Vie present a technique for fabricating molecular junctions for molecular electronic devices. Silica rnicrospheres are rendered magnetically susceptible and electrically conductive by the sequential deposition of nickel and gold films. The metallized microspheres undergo directed assembly into lithographically defined magnetic arrays functionalized with self-assembled monolayers of prototypical molecular wire candidates. We characterize the resulting junctions by scanning electron microscopy and measure their current-voltage characteristics. Magnetic directed assembly provides a wafer-level route for the fabrication of molecular junctions and. opens up the potential for hybrid complementary metal-oxide semiconductor/molecular electronic applications. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Geocenters Inc, Corp Res Ctr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dlong@geo-centers.com; kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 15 AR 153105 DI 10.1063/1.1899772 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 923HS UT WOS:000228901600087 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Yang, QG Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, OMJ Kioseoglou, G Jonker, BT AF Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Yang, QG Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, OMJ Kioseoglou, G Jonker, BT TI Ultrafast magnetization dynamics of epitaxial Fe films on AlGaAs (001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; SPIN INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; BARRIER; GROWTH AB Uniform magnetization precessions are generated by ultrafast optical excitation along the in-plane easy axis [100], as well as along the hard axis [1-10], in epitaxial Fe films grown on AlGaAs (001) over a wide range of applied magnetic fields. From the temporal evolution of the coherent magnetization precession, we determine the magnetic anisotropy constants and damping parameters which are crucial in designing fast magnetic switching devices and spintronics devices. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM luepke@as.wm.edu RI Talbayev, Diyar/C-5525-2009 OI Talbayev, Diyar/0000-0003-3537-1656 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 15 AR 152512 DI 10.1063/1.1900939 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 923HS UT WOS:000228901600073 ER PT J AU Gizani, NAB Cohen, A Kassim, NE AF Gizani, NAB Cohen, A Kassim, NE TI First results of the 74-MHz Very Large Array-Pie Town Link. Hercules A at low frequencies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : image processing; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters; individual : Hercules A cluster; radio continuum : galaxies ID RADIO-SOURCES; MULTIBAND AB We present the results of the first successful observations of the Pie Town link with the Very Large Array at 74 MHz on Hercules A. The improvement in resolution from 25 to 10 arcsec resolves the helical- and ring-like features seen at higher frequencies. We also present new high dynamic range images of this powerful radio galaxy at 325 MHz. Our low-frequency observations confirm the multiple outburst interpretation of the spectral index differences at high frequencies. A comparison between our radio and ROSAT X-ray data does not reveal any association between the X-ray emission from the cluster and the radio lobes. There are no extra regions of radio emission at 74 MHz. C1 Univ Coimbra, Astron Observ, P-3040 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Grp Astrofis, P-3040 Coimbra, Portugal. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, GR-15236 Athens, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gizani, NAB (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias, Edificio C8,Campo Grande, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM ngizani@astro.noa.gr NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08849.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 909YO UT WOS:000227896800034 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Scaling relations in equilibrium nonextensive thermostatistics SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; TSALLIS STATISTICS; SMALL SYSTEMS; SPIN MODELS; NANOTHERMODYNAMICS; THERMODYNAMICS; RELAXATION; TURBULENCE; ENTROPY AB The Euler and Gibbs-Duhem relations discussed in thermodynamics of ordinary extensive systems are shown to hold in the same forms also for nonextensive systems with long-range interactions with a novel interpretation of the entities appearing therein. In this way, Tsallis' conjecture for the scaling relations in equilibrium nonextensive thermostatistics is proved to be justified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM suabe@sf6.so-net.ne.jp NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 4-6 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.01.074 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 913HB UT WOS:000228141100006 ER PT J AU Spinoglio, L Malkan, MA Smith, HA Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J AF Spinoglio, L Malkan, MA Smith, HA Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J TI The far-infrared emission line and continuum spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC 1068); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR GAS; NGC 1068; STAR-FORMATION; CIRCUMNUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; PERFORMANCE; ABUNDANCE; NUCLEUS AB We report on the analysis of the first complete far-infrared spectrum ( 43 - 197 mu m) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 as observed with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). In addition to the seven expected ionic fine-structure emission lines, the OH rotational lines at 79, 119, and 163 mu m were all detected in emission, which is unique among galaxies with full LWS spectra, where the 119 mu m line, when detected, is always in absorption. The observed line intensities were modeled together with ISO -> Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) and optical and ultraviolet line intensities from the literature, considering two independent emission components: the active galactic nucleus (AGN) component and the starburst component in the circumnuclear ring of similar to 3 kpc in size. Using the UV to mid-IR emission line spectrum to constrain the nuclear ionizing continuum, we have confirmed previous results: a canonical power-law ionizing spectrum is a poorer fit than one with a deep absorption trough, while the presence of a "big blue bump'' is ruled out. Based on the instantaneous starburst age of 5 Myr constrained by the Br gamma equivalent width in the starburst ring, and starburst synthesis models of the mid- and far-infrared fine-structure line emission, a low-ionization parameter ( U = 10(-3.5)) and low densities ( n = 100 cm(-3)) are derived. Combining the AGN and starburst components, we succeeded in modeling the overall UV to far-IR atomic spectrum of NGC 1068, reproducing the line fluxes to within a factor of 2.0 on average with a standard deviation of 1.3, and the overall continuum as the sum of the contribution of the thermal dust emission in the ionized and neutral components. The OH 119 mu m emission indicates that the line is collisionally excited and arises in a warm and dense region. The OH emission has been modeled using spherically symmetric, nonlocal, non-LTE radiative transfer models. The models indicate that the bulk of the emission arises from the nuclear region, although some extended contribution from the starburst is not ruled out. The OH abundance in the nuclear region is expected to be similar to 10(-5), characteristic of X-ray - dominated regions. C1 CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spinoglio, L (reprint author), CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM luigi@ifsi.rm.cnr.it; malkan@astro.ucla.edu; hsmith@cfa.harvard.edu; eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es; jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1086/428495 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914AV UT WOS:000228197700012 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES TI Three-dimensional delayed-detonation model of Type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general ID LIGHT CURVES; WHITE-DWARFS; THERMONUCLEAR SUPERNOVAE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; CARBON; SIMULATIONS; EXPLOSION; SILICON; RATES AB We study a Type Ia supernova explosion using large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulations based on reactive fluid dynamics with a simplified mechanism for nuclear reactions and energy release. The initial deflagration stage of the explosion involves a subsonic turbulent thermonuclear flame propagating in the gravitational field of an expanding white dwarf. The deflagration produces an inhomogeneous mixture of unburned carbon and oxygen with intermediate-mass and iron-group elements in central parts of the star. During the subsequent detonation stage, a supersonic detonation wave propagates through the material unburned by the deflagration. The total energy released in this delayed-detonation process, (1.3-1.6) x 10(51) ergs, is consistent with a typical range of kinetic energies obtained from observations. In contrast to the deflagration model, which releases only about 0.6 x 10(51) ergs, the delayed-detonation model does not leave carbon, oxygen, and intermediate-mass elements in central parts of a white dwarf. This removes the key disagreement between three-dimensional simulations and observations, and makes a delayed detonation the mostly likely mechanism for Type Ia supernova explosions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gamezo@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; ajk@oddjob.uchicago.edu; oran@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 1 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1086/428767 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914AV UT WOS:000228197700031 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Shrader, C AF Titarchuk, L Shrader, C TI Downscattering due to wind outflows in compact X-ray sources: Theory and interpretation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (Cygnus X-1, Cygnus X-3, GS 1353-64, GX 339-4) ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; 1ST INTEGRAL OBSERVATIONS; BLACK-HOLE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; REFLECTION; ACCRETION; RADIATION; BINARIES AB A number of recent lines of evidence point toward the presence of hot, outflowing plasma from the central regions of compact Galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. In addition, it has long been noted that many of these sources exhibit an "excess'' continuum component above similar to 10 keV, usually attributed to Compton reflection from a static medium. Motivated by these facts, as well as by recent observational constraints on the Compton reflection models, specifically apparently discrepant variability timescales for line and continuum components in some cases, we consider possible effects of outflowing plasma on the high-energy continuum spectra of accretion-powered compact objects. We present a general formulation for photon downscattering diffusion that includes recoil and Comptonization effects due to divergence of the flow. We then develop an analytical theory for the spectral formation in such systems that allows us to derive formulae for the emergent spectrum. Finally, we perform the analytical model fitting on several Galactic X-ray binaries. Objects that have been modeled with high - covering-fraction Compton reflectors, such as GS 1353 - 64, are included in our analysis. In addition, Cyg X-3, which is widely believed to be characterized by dense circumstellar winds with temperature of the order of 106 K, provides an interesting test case. Data from INTEGRAL and RXTE covering the similar to 3 - 300 keV range are used in our analysis. We further consider the possibility that the widely noted distortion of the power-law continuum above 10 keV may in some cases be explained by these spectral softening effects. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; Chris.R.Shrader@gsfc.nasa.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 1 BP 362 EP 371 DI 10.1086/424918 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914AV UT WOS:000228197700033 ER PT J AU Akiyama, S Doschek, GA Mariska, JT AF Akiyama, S Doschek, GA Mariska, JT TI Nonthermal velocities in different temperature regions of the solar lower transition region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation; turbulence ID UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION TELESCOPE; QUIET SUN; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SUMER TELESCOPE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHROMOSPHERE; CORONA; ZONE AB We analyze the relationship between nonthermal velocities derived from spectral lines of ions formed at different temperatures in the solar lower transition region, using spectra from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation ( SUMER) spectrometer on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We find a high degree of correlation among nonthermal motions arising at temperatures ranging from 3 x 10(4) to 2.5 x 10(5) Kover 1 '' spatial scales in quiet-Sun regions. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of the physical nature of the transition region. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Akiyama, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sakiyama@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 1 BP 540 EP 550 DI 10.1086/428638 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914AV UT WOS:000228197700049 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C DeVore, CR AF Grinstein, FF Fureby, C DeVore, CR TI On MILES based on flux-limiting algorithms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th ICFD Conference on Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics CY 2004 CL Oxford Univ Comp Lab, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Inst Computat Fluid Dynam HO Oxford Univ Comp Lab DE MILES; flux-limiting; implicit LES; monotonic; turbulence ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; WALL-BOUNDED FLOWS; CORRECTED TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; SCHEMES; JETS AB Non-classical large eddy simulation (LES) approaches based on using the unfiltered flow equations instead of the filtered ones have been the subject of considerable interest during the last decade. In the monotonically integrated LES (MILES) approach, flux-limiting schemes are used to emulate the characteristic turbulent flow features in the high-wave number end of the inertial subrange region. Mathematical and physical aspects of implicit sub grid scale modelling using nonlinear flux-limiters are conveniently addressed using the modified LES-equation formalism. In this study, the performance of MILES is demonstrated as a function of the flux-limiting scheme in selected representative case studies. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. RP USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grinstein@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 47 IS 10-11 BP 1043 EP 1051 DI 10.1002/fld.925 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 911UW UT WOS:000228032300002 ER PT J AU Diao, JJ Huang, SG Reeves, ME AF Diao, JJ Huang, SG Reeves, ME TI Cavity resonators of metal-coated dielectric nanorods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOSHELLS; NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; LIGHT AB Metallic nanoparticles bridge the length scale between atoms and crystals, exhibiting mesoscopic properties unique to their size. Thus, they have generated much interest for their potential applications as chemical or biological sensors and particularly as waveguides for light in nanoscale structures. [Y. W. C. Cao, R. C. Jin, and C. A. Mirkin, Science297, 1536 (2002); H. J. Lezec , Science297, 820 (2002); S. A. Maier, P. G. Kik, and H. A. Atwater, Appl. Phys. Lett.81, 1714 (2002); J. M. Oliva and S. K. Gray, Chem. Phys. Lett.379, 325 (2003)]. One important direction of research into the properties of individual metal nanoparticles involves the controlled variation of their geometry, which can yield new and tunable optical properties that simple spherical configurations do not possess. [T. S. Ahmadi, Z. L. Wang, T. C. Green, A. Henglein, and M. A. Ei-Sayed, Science272, 1924 (1996)]. A prime example of this is the core-shell nanostructure that has a central material surrounded by differing cladding layer. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reeves, ME (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM reevesme@gwu.edu RI Diao, Jiajie/A-3425-2008 OI Diao, Jiajie/0000-0003-4288-3203 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 14 AR 146101 DI 10.1063/1.1869393 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 918PB UT WOS:000228559000061 PM 15847566 ER PT J AU Coy, L Siskind, DE Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Allen, DR Hogan, TF AF Coy, L Siskind, DE Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Allen, DR Hogan, TF TI Modeling the August 2002 minor warming event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE AB Hindcasts of the Southern Hemisphere minor stratospheric warming and mesospheric cooling event of August 2002, made with a new high altitude version of the Navy's operational forecast model, are compared with temperatures acquired by SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry). Results show realistic hemispheric evolution of both the stratospheric warming and mesospheric cooling over a 10-day time period. Use of Rayleigh friction to model mesospheric gravity wave drag shows improvement in the upper mesosphere over a hindcast without Rayleigh friction. The limited vertical extent of the main mesospheric cooling signature disagrees with the Liu and Roble (2002) model results but is supported by SABER temperature observations (Siskind et al., 2005). Examination of 3D EP-flux vectors over the 10-day forecast suggests that the planetary wave responsible for the warming/cooling event originated from a horizontally localized region of the troposphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Coy, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM coy@uap2.nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07808 DI 10.1029/2005GL022400 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916HR UT WOS:000228376500004 ER PT J AU Wallcraft, AJ Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE AF Wallcraft, AJ Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE TI Convergence of Laplacian diffusion versus resolution of an ocean model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; 1/8-DEGREES; FORMULATION; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a convergence study for second order finite difference Laplacian diffusion used in ocean models. For demonstration, ocean model simulations are performed over a rectangular domain, based on the North Pacific subtropical gyre region with grid resolution between 1/2 degrees and 1/32 degrees and with horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (A(H)) ranging from 8000 to 30 m(2) s(-1). A range of A(H) which is appropriate for useful model simulations of an oceanic domain is found to exist. This range is determined by examining the spatial patterns of Eddy kinetic energy and mean sea surface height. The results fall into three broad categories: (a) converged, (b) converging, and (c) numerical problems. Solutions in the "converged'' category do not change with increased grid resolution, and solutions in the "numerical problems'' category exhibit distinct differences to the converged result at the same A(H). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07604 DI 10.1029/2005GL022514 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916HR UT WOS:000228376500007 ER PT J AU Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB AF Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB TI Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Coso Range; fingerprinting; lava; paleomagnetism; XRF geochemistry ID SECULAR VARIATION; FLOWS AB [ 1] We demonstrate an efficient method of rigorously separating difficult-to-distinguish lavas into eruptive units based on paleomagnetic remanence direction and rapid X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ( XRF) for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb of polished paleomagnetic core samples ( called PC XRF). Combined use of paleomagnetic remanence and PC XRF for lava fingerprinting allows correlation of individual eruptive units from one locality to another, permitting compilation of composite stratigraphy and paleomagentic measurement of relative vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks. We test this lava fingerprinting method on rocks from the Coso volcanic field, California, against similar fingerprinting using XRF analysis by established methods. Resulting unit definitions and correlations are the same by both XRF techniques when coupled with paleomagnetic data, but at great time and cost savings with PC XRF. PC XRF analysis is possible because ( 1) matrix and grain size effects are minimal for the element set analyzed, ( 2) moderately phyric to aphyric polished paleomagnetic cores are already homogenous on spatial scales of 2 cm, and ( 3) use of element ratios cancels out some analytical uncertainties as well as minimizes effects of concentration variations due to fractional crystallization. Paleomagnetic remanence direction is an indispensable part of fingerprinting because it distinguishes flows of similar chemistry and can also place constraints on the duration of emplacement of each eruptive unit. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Pluhar, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cpluhar@es.ucsc.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q04001 DI 10.1029/2004GC000707 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916HH UT WOS:000228375500001 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Hayhurst, A Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Iverson, BL Georgiou, G Mattoussi, H AF Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Hayhurst, A Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Iverson, BL Georgiou, G Mattoussi, H TI Self-assembled luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dot bioconjugates prepared using engineered poly-histidine terminated proteins SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interpretation, Design and Selection of Biomolecular Interactions CY 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE quantum dot; histidine tag; affinity tag; bioconjugation; single chain antibody; scFv; TNT; immunoassay ID METAL CHELATE ADSORBENT; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; NANOPARTICLES; PURIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; BIOSENSORS; PEPTIDES; BINDING AB We report a simple and versatile approach for the conjugation of luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) to proteins through coordination of engineered C-terminal oligohistidine sequences. Several histidine tail containing proteins were self-assembled onto the QD surface using this method. A recombinant antibody specific for the high explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was conjugated to QDs through a carboxy terminal histidine tail and the bioconjugate used to detect TNT by competitive immunoassay. TNT was detected over the range of 10 mu g/ml down to 41 ng/ml using the scFv conjugated to QDs. These results open up the possibility to conjugate luminescent QDs to a whole range of proteins to form QD, bioconjugates that can be effectively used in bio-oriented applications, such as sensing, imaging, immunoassay and other diagnostics. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM era@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 25 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 534 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.079 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 914QS UT WOS:000228243200008 ER PT J AU Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Holm, RT Kovalenkov, O Dmitriev, V AF Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Holm, RT Kovalenkov, O Dmitriev, V TI Infrared dielectric function of wurtzite aluminum nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; LATTICE VIBRATION; ALN; GAN AB The infrared dielectric function of wurtzite AlN has been determined by fitting an analytic Lorentzian dielectric function to experimentally observed interference fringes in infrared transmission. The analytic model is scaled to agree with recent measurements of the visible refractive index, and the experiment and model extend to the submillimeter range of the infrared. A complete, experimentally verified dielectric function is found from the visible to the submillimeter spectral region for radiation with E perpendicular to c axis, and an analytic model is produced for E parallel to c axis. Refractive indices and extinction coefficients from the visible to zero frequency are presented. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. TDI Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM moore@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 14 AR 141912 DI 10.1063/1.1899233 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 914QN UT WOS:000228242700025 ER PT J AU Means, SL Gendron, PJ AF Means, SL Gendron, PJ TI Laboratory measurement of noise generation by shoaling breakers SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article ID SOURCE LEVEL DENSITY; BREAKING WAVES; SURF; SIGNATURES; RADIATION AB Simultaneous measurements of the surface gravity wave field and the generated acoustic spectra were made in a sandy beached wave tank. A video camera captured the evolution of the breaking waves. Generated acoustic power levels as a function of the wave crest slope and frequency are presented. An empirical model relating the acoustic energy to the measured wave crest slope for different surface wave frequencies is developed based on a linear regression. It is determined that the wave crest slope is a good predictor of generated acoustic energies. [Work supported by ONR base funding at NRL.] (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Means, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM means@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD APR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1121/1.1839611 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 906HW UT WOS:000227632600002 ER PT J AU Narayan, RJ Jin, CM Patz, T Doraiswamy, A Modi, R Chrisey, DB Su, YY Lin, SJ Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B AF Narayan, RJ Jin, CM Patz, T Doraiswamy, A Modi, R Chrisey, DB Su, YY Lin, SJ Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B TI Laser processing of advanced biomaterials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Lasers are ideal for depositing diamondlike carbon films, microfabricating '"lab-on-a-chip" biosensors, and building medical device nanostructures. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Amorphous Oxide Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Gen Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan. Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM roger.narayan@mse.gatech.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Chichkov, Boris/M-4112-2015 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD APR PY 2005 VL 163 IS 4 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 915LE UT WOS:000228304900005 ER PT J AU Abenheim, D AF Abenheim, D TI Wehrmacht generals, west German Society, and the debate on rearmament, 1949-1959 SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Abenheim, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 572 EP 572 DI 10.1086/531474 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 923KP UT WOS:000228909100158 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD AF Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD TI Saudi Arabia-United States collaboration in health research: A formula for success SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; REGISTRY VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; US VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; SERVICE AB The aim of this article is to share our experiences from an international collaborative effort to study health outcomes among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers following the 1991 Gulf War. By paying particular attention to distinct social and religious customs, geopolitical differences, and unique aspects of the health care system, we achieved a successful international collaboration in health research. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. King Abdul Aziz Med City, King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Infect Prevent & Control Program, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1040G,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.01.006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 915KW UT WOS:000228304100012 PM 15798676 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, CE TI Radiation thermodynamics with applications to lasing and fluorescent cooling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES; HEAT; REFRIGERATION; CONVERSION; LIGHT; WORK AB Laser cooling of bulk matter uses thermally assisted fluorescence to convert heat into light and can be interpreted as an optically pumped laser running in reverse. Optical pumping in such devices drives the level populations out of equilibrium. Nonthermal radiative energy transfers are thereby central to the operation of both lasers and luminescent coolers. A thermodynamic treatment of their limiting efficiencies requires a careful development of the entropy and effective temperatures of radiation, valid for the entire range of light from the blackbody to the ideal laser limiting cases. In particular, the distinct meaning and utility of the brightness and flux temperatures should be borne in mind. Numerical examples help illustrate these concepts at a level suitable for undergraduate physics majors. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1119/1.1842732 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 909JC UT WOS:000227855200005 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Gorham, ED AF Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Gorham, ED TI Health surveillance for asthma in the US Navy: Experience of 9,185,484 person-years SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; time trends; women; men; race; gender; incidence rates; defined populations ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION AB PURPOSE: To measure trends and demographic risk factors for hospitalization for asthma. METHODS: Time trends and demographic risk factors, for hospitalized asthma (ICD-9-CM Code 493) were analyzed by measuring age-specific and age-adjusted first hospitalization rates in a defined population of active-duty enlisted members of the US Navy worldwide during 1980-1999, consisting of 9,185,484 person-years. RESULTS: There were 3911 patients first hospitalized for asthma, including 2916 men and 995 women. The age-adjusted incidence rate of first hospitalization for asthma was three times higher in women than men, 110 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 104-117), compared with 35 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 33-37), respectively (p < 0.0001). The rate in black women was twice as high as in white women, 186 per 100,000 person-years, compared with 99 per 100,000 person-years, respectively (p < 0.001). The rate in black men was higher than in white men, 45 per 100,000, compared with 34 per 100,000 (p < 0.001). Age-adjusted rates in women doubled from 73 per 100,000 in 1980-1983 to 159 in 1997-1999 (p for trend < 0.01), while those in men remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Age-adjusted incidence rates of first hospitalization for asthma were three times as high in women as in men, and doubled during the period between 1980 and 1999. The rates in black women were twice as high as in white women. The reasons are unknown. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914RZ UT WOS:000228246600010 PM 15780779 ER PT J AU Reasor, JE Farrell, SP AF Reasor, JE Farrell, SP TI The effectiveness of advanced practice registered nurses as psychotherapists SO ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER AB This article explores the effectiveness of advanced practice registered nurses as psychotherapists. Psychiatric/mental health (PMH) clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) possess the training, skills, and abilities necessary to provide effective psychotherapy. A case study is examined involving a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder who underwent psychotherapy by a PMH CNS graduate student. Evidence is presented that CNSs follow evidence-based procedures with effective outcomes. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Nurse Corps, Chesapeake, VA 23322 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Nursing, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Reasor, JE (reprint author), USN, Nurse Corps, 509 Fair Oak Dr, Chesapeake, VA 23322 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-9417 J9 ARCH PSYCHIAT NURS JI Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.apnu.2005.02.006 PG 12 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA 931VS UT WOS:000229514200005 PM 15902677 ER PT J AU Landi, E AF Landi, E TI Radiative transition probabilities in the O-like sequence SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; radiation mechanisms : general; line : formation; Sun : corona ID SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; ATOMIC DATA; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; LEVEL POPULATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; IRON PROJECT; N=2 COMPLEX; SI-VII AB In the present work a complete set of radiative transition rates is calculated for all for the O-like ions with Z = 11-30. Energy levels, oscillator strengths and A values are computed for all transitions within the n = 2 complex and are compared with previous calculations, where available. Calculations are carried out using the Superstructure code. The present work provides for the first time a self-consistent, complete set of A values necessary for the calculation of line emissivities and synthetic spectra for all the ions considered, filling several gaps in the existing literature. The present data are especially suited for the analysis of spectral lines emitted by the less-abundant elements in the universe, for which few if any data were available in the literature. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2005 VL 434 IS 1 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042100 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 912RN UT WOS:000228097300035 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Ravel, B AF Lee, JC Ravel, B TI Determining the grain composition of the interstellar medium with high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; dust, extinction; X-rays : ISM ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; EDGE; OXYGEN; ABUNDANCE; AMPLITUDE; SPECTRUM; IRON AB We investigate the ability of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy to directly probe the grain composition of the interstellar medium. Using iron K-edge experimental data of likely ISM dust candidates taken at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, we explore the prospects for determining the chemical composition of astrophysical dust and discuss a technique for doing so. Focusing on the capabilities of the Astro-E2 XRS microcalorimeters, we assess the limiting effects of spectral resolution and noise for detecting significant X-ray absorption fine structure signal in astrophysical environments containing dust. We find that given sufficient signal, the resolution of the XRS will allow us to definitively distinguish gas-phase from dust-phase absorption and certain chemical compositions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Ctr Corros Chem & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 6, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jclee@cfa.harvard.edu RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 622 IS 2 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1086/428118 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 912QD UT WOS:000228093400018 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK AF Dahlburg, RB Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK TI An explanation for the "switch-on'' nature of magnetic energy release and its application to coronal heating SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID PLANE SHEET PINCH; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; EVOLVING FIELDS; NEUTRAL SHEETS; FLUX TUBES; QUIET-SUN; LOOPS; TRANSITION; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION AB A large class of coronal heating theories postulate that the random mixing of magnetic footpoints by photospheric motions leads to the formation of current sheets in the corona and, consequently, to energy release there via magnetic reconnection. Parker pointed out that in order for this process to supply the observed energy flux into the corona, the stress in the coronal magnetic field must have a fairly specific value at the time that the energy is released. In particular, he argued that the misalignment between reconnecting flux tubes must be roughly 30 degrees in order to match the observed heating. No physical origin for this number was given, however. In this paper we propose that secondary instability is the mechanism that "switches on" the energy release when the misalignment angle in the corona reaches the correct value. We calculate both the three-dimensional linear and fully nonlinear development of the instability in current sheets corresponding to various misalignment angles. We find that no secondary instability occurs for angles less than about 45 degrees, but for larger angles the instability grows at a rapid rate, and there is an explosive release of energy. We compare our results with the observed properties of the corona and discuss the implications for future observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 47 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 622 IS 2 BP 1191 EP 1201 DI 10.1086/425645 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 912QD UT WOS:000228093400038 ER PT J AU Widing, KG Landi, E Feldman, U AF Widing, KG Landi, E Feldman, U TI Coronal element comparison observed by SOHO SUMER in the quiet southeast and northwest limb regions at 1.04 R-circle dot above the solar disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona ID UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; X 10(5) K; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; TEMPERATURE REGION; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRA; PLASMAS; CHIANTI; ABUNDANCES AB The composition in an isothermal region at 1.04 R-circle dot above a diffuse, quiet coronal region on the northwest limb is studied and compared with a similar region above the southeast limb analyzed by Warren in 1999. Elemental abundances relative to H in the corona are measured and normalized to the abundance ratios in the photosphere. The enrichment factors of the low first ionization potential elements are comparable above both limbs, but are significantly smaller than the factor of 4 in SUMER spectra obtained 2 years earlier at solar minimum in a diffuse, quiet equatorial region. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Widing, KG (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8401 Braddock Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 622 IS 2 BP 1211 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/428034 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 912QD UT WOS:000228093400040 ER PT J AU Dornbrack, A Doyle, JD Lane, TP Sharman, RD Smolarkiewicz, PK AF Doernbrack, Andreas Doyle, James D. Lane, Todd P. Sharman, Robert D. Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K. TI On physical realizability and uncertainty of numerical solutions SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; numerical methods; atmospheric dynamics; orographic flow AB Numerical experiments of the stratified flow past a bell-shaped mountain with a shallow shear layer aloft are performed. Two different approximations of the entropy equation (explicit vs implicit numerical treatment of gravity waves) lead to a substantial discrepancy of the numerical results. As the flow is metastable, it turns out that both solutions are physically realizable and the quality of the solution changes in response to small variations in the accuracy of the numerical approximation. Copyright (C) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Doernbrack, Andreas] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Lane, Todd P.; Sharman, Robert D.; Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Dornbrack, A (reprint author), DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. EM andreas.doernbrack@dlr.de RI Lane, Todd/A-8804-2011 OI Lane, Todd/0000-0003-0171-6927 FU USA Department of Energy 'Climate Change Prediction Program' (CCPP) research initiative; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work was supported in part by the USA Department of Energy 'Climate Change Prediction Program' (CCPP) research initiative. J.D. Doyle was supported by the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. COAMPS (TM) is a trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. The numerical computations were performed as part of the special project 'Effect of non-hydrostatic gravity waves on the stratosphere above Scandinavia' at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather prediction (ECMWF). NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1002/asl.100 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V19WG UT WOS:000208101900006 ER PT J AU Runyon, SP Burgess, JP Abraham, P Keverline-Frantz, KI Flippen-Anderson, J Deschamps, J Lewin, AH Navarro, HA Boja, JW Kuhar, MJ Carroll, FI AF Runyon, SP Burgess, JP Abraham, P Keverline-Frantz, KI Flippen-Anderson, J Deschamps, J Lewin, AH Navarro, HA Boja, JW Kuhar, MJ Carroll, FI TI Synthesis, structural identification, and ligand binding of tropane ring analogs of paroxetine and an unexpected aza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane rearrangement product SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE paroxetine; monoamine transporters; tropanes; aza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes ID NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTERS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; COCAINE; SEROTONIN; AMPHETAMINE; ADDICTION AB The structural requirements for high affinity at the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) have been investigated through the preparation of rigid paroxetine analogs. Tropane-derived analogs (4a-i) of paroxetine (2) were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of serotonin reuptake based on the structural and biological similarity between the two compound classes. Overall, the affinity of tropane-derived analogs at the 5-HTT was found to be at least an order of magnitude lower than that of paroxetine and ranged from 2-400 nM. The reduced affinity at the 5-HTT may be attributed to the inability of the rigid tropane-derived analogs to adopt conformations favored by the 5-HTT. Within the series of tropane analogs, the 2 beta,3 beta- and 2 beta,3 alpha-isomers, 4a and 4d, were the most potent at the DAT and NET and are also significantly more potent than paroxetine (2) suggesting that their reduced conformational flexibility maximizes residence time in conformations favored by these transporters. Examination of the previously published preparation and structural assignment of 4a by additional NMR and X-ray crystallographic data has established that nucleophilic addition to the intermediate 2 beta-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane unexpectedly provided the aza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivative 10a. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDA, Addict Res Ctr, Neurosci Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA05477] NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2439 EP 2449 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.046 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 909WI UT WOS:000227891000010 PM 15755646 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Slezak, JM Blute, ML Bergstralh, EJ Zincke, H AF Ward, JF Slezak, JM Blute, ML Bergstralh, EJ Zincke, H TI Radical prostatectomy for clinically advanced (cT3) prostate cancer since the advent of prostate-specific antigen testing: 15-year outcome SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasm; prostatectomy; treatment outcome; staging ID 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RADIATION-THERAPY; HORMONAL-THERAPY; BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; HIGH-RISK; STAGE; RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; ADJUVANT AB To report a long-term experience with extirpative surgery in patients presenting with locally advanced (cT3) prostate cancer, as the best management of such patients remains a problem. In a single-institution retrospective study identifying 5652 men who had radical prostatectomy (RP) for histologically confirmed prostate cancer since the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing (1987-97), 15% (842) had RP for cT3 disease. The median follow-up of these men was 10.3 years. Cancer-specific, overall and disease-free survival was plotted and compared with those of patients having RP for cT2 disease during the same period. Perioperative morbidity, continence and erectile function rates were examined, with a multivariate analysis for risk factors of disease recurrence. Freedom from local or systemic disease at 5, 10, and 15 years after RP for cT3 disease was 85%, 73% and 67%; the respective cancer-specific survival rates were 95%, 90% and 79%. Significantly many men who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy (27%) were clinically over-staged (pT2) and most men with pT3 disease (78%) received adjuvant therapy. The mean time to adjuvant therapy after RP was not significantly different between men with cT3 and cT2 disease (4.0 and 4.3 years). Pathological grade (>= 7), positive surgical margins, and nondiploid chromatin were all independently associated with a significant risk for clinical disease recurrence, while preoperative PSA level had little effect on outcome. Complications and continence rates after RP in patients with cT3 mirrored those in patients with cT2 disease. Significantly many patients with cT3 prostate cancer are overstaged (pT2) in the PSA era. RP as part of a multimodal treatment strategy for patients with cT3 disease offers cancer control and survival rates approaching those achieved for cT2 disease. Pathological grade, ploidy and margin status are all significant predictors of outcome after RP. Complications and incontinence rates in patients with cT3 disease mirror those after RP for cT2 disease. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Div Biostat, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jfward@mar.med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 235 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05394.x PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 909NL UT WOS:000227866500010 PM 15794776 ER PT J AU Quigley, MM AF Quigley, MM TI Showing the way: large cell lymphoma SO BLOOD LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRONGLY PREDICTS SURVIVAL; GENE; EXPRESSION AB In this issue of Blood, Lu and colleagues clearly show how the identification of biologically meaningful patterns of gene expression can guide the molecular dissection of the mechanisms that give rise to neoplastic phenotypes. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Quigley, MM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 105 IS 7 BP 2624 EP 2624 DI 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0128 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 911YM UT WOS:000228042900007 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Feldman, BL Davis, DH Zintz, EA AF Biswas, AK Feldman, BL Davis, DH Zintz, EA TI Myocardial ischemia as a result of severe benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myocardial ischemia; benzodiazepine; opoid; withdrawal ID CHILDREN; MIDAZOLAM; INFARCTION; INFUSION; FENTANYL AB Long-term infusion of benzodiazepines and opioids is strongly associated with dependence and withdrawal syndromes. We report the first case of severe benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal resulting in transient myocardial ischemia. Case Report: A 6-month-old female born at 25 weeks gestation with severe opioid and benzodiazepine dependence resulting from multiple operative procedures and chronic ventilatory support was receiving continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl and midazolam after trials of enteral methadone and diazepam had been unsuccessful due to gastric intolerance. On postoperative day 5 following Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy tube placement, she acutely developed tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, loose stools, and yawning. Attempts to provide boluses of benzodiazepines and opioids revealed a very sluggish port in her subclavian central venous catheter. Prompt replacement of the catheter occurred without complication. After resuming infusions and providing additional sedatives and opioids, the loose stools, yawning, and agitation resolved. However, the tachycardia persisted. A 12-lead ECG was notable for significant ST depression in anterior leads. Laboratory studies revealed significantly elevated cardiac enzymes. The patient was transfused with packed red blood cells to optimize oxygen-carrying capacity. Echocardiography demonstrated a small region of dyskinetic apical endocardium. Cardiac enzymes normalized within 48 h. The ECG and echocardiographic findings fully resolved after approximately 70 h. Discussion: We believe that the sluggish central venous catheter port limited delivery of the midazolam and fentanyl to our patient. The resultant tachycardia and hypertension limited diastolic filling of the coronary arteries, resulting in myocardial ischemia. As the withdrawal was treated, heart rate and blood pressure returned to baseline, myocardial perfusion normalized, and the ST depression and the cardiac enzyme values normalized. This report underscores the significant morbidity associated with withdrawal syndromes and the need to recognize withdrawal early and to treat it aggressively. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, USN Pediat Crit Care Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, USN Pediat Crit Care Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM akbiswas@mar.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1081/CLT-200053099 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 924AS UT WOS:000228951400013 PM 15902797 ER PT J AU Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA AF Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA TI Transient burning rate of a noncharring plate under a forced flow boundary layer flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE transient boundary layer combustion ID PMMA; MECHANISMS; JETS AB The effects of moving boundary and in-depth conduction on the regression rate of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces burning under a forced flow boundary layer flame were studied. Time-averaged regression rates and gas-phase temperatures were measured in tests conducted at various burn times. The results Show that the surface regression rate is transient, decreasing significantly in the leading section and increasing slowly downstream. The burning rate decreases with time because of the rapid regression of the surface in the leading section, which leads to the formation of a Curved surface profile and a decrease in heat feedback to the curved surface. On the other hand, downstream, the increase in regression rate is due mainly to the transient heat conduction into the solid phase. Downstream, the heat feedback is low and the solid warms Lip slowly to the pyrolysis temperature. Comparisons of the normalized burning rates at various burn times with steady-state model predictions show that the downstream burning rate approaches steady state with time. Thus, the local burning rate depends not only on location and convective flow but also on burn time. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Geocenters Inc, Lantham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ndubizu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6183, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cndubizu@castor.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2005 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.12.013 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 914YJ UT WOS:000228263700009 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ TI Is computer science science? SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1145/1053291.1053309 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 929QA UT WOS:000229359600010 ER PT J AU Rishniw, M Schiavetta, AM Johnson, TO Erb, HN AF Rishniw, M Schiavetta, AM Johnson, TO Erb, HN TI Cardiomyopathy in captive owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; VALUES AB Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was identified histopathologically in a colony of owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) over a 15-year period. We characterized the incidence of cardiac disease echocardiographically in the colony over a 14-month period. Of 77 monkeys, 21 had systolic myocardial failure, and postmortem examination confirmed the antemortem diagnosis of DCM in eight animals. Monkeys with a questionable diagnosis at the first examination demonstrated progression of disease with time. Left ventricular end-systolic cross-sectional area and left ventricular fractional area change were the indices that most reliably discriminated between normal and diseased animals. Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were below detectable limits in normal and diseased monkeys. The apparent high prevalence of disease in this colony precluded establishment of reference intervals for Aotus nancymae. Our study provides the first comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of owl monkeys with cardiomyopathy. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rishniw, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 947GF UT WOS:000230630700009 PM 15884779 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Buchtel, HA Andrews, J Pfeil, KM AF Kostoff, RN Buchtel, HA Andrews, J Pfeil, KM TI The hidden structure of neuropsychology: Text mining of the journal Cortex: 1991-2001 SO CORTEX LA English DT Editorial Material DE information technology; text mining; bibliometrics; computational linguistics; citation mining; document clustering; neuropsychology ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS; INFORMATION; ROADMAPS; SET AB Background: The stated mission of Cortex is "the study of the inter-relations of the nervous system and behavior, particularly as these are reflected in the effects of brain lesions on cognitive functions." The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the stated mission and the executed mission as reflected by the characteristics of papers published in Cortex. In addition, we examine whether the results and conclusions of an analysis of this kind are affected by the level of description of the published papers. Objectives: A) Identify characteristics of contributors to Cortex; B) Identify characteristics of those who cite Cortex; C) Identify recurring themes; D) Identify the relationships among the recurring themes; E) Compare recurring themes and determine their relationships to the mission of Cortex; F) Identify the sensitivity of these results to the level of description of the Cortex papers used as the source database. G) Compare Cortex characteristics with those of Neuropsychologia, another Europe-based international neuropsychology journal. Methods: Text mining (extraction of useful information from text) was used to generate the characteristics of the journal Cortex. Bibliometrics provided the Cortex contributor infrastructure (author/ organization/ country/ citation distributions), and computational linguistics identified the recurring technical themes and their inter-relationships. Citation mining (the integration of citation bibliometrics and text mining) was used to profile the research user community. Four levels of published article description were compared for the analysis: Full Text, Abstract, Title, Keywords. Results and Conclusions: Highly cited documents were compared among Cortex, Neuropsychologia, and Brain, and a number of interesting parametric trends were observed. The characteristics of the papers that cite Cortex papers were examined, and some interesting insights were generated. Finally, the document clustering taxonomy showed that papers in y Cortex can be reasonably divided into four categories (papers in each category in parenthesis): Semantic Memory (151); Handedness (145): Amnesia (119); and Neglect (66). It is concluded that Cortex needs to take steps to attract a more diverse group of contributors outside its continental Western European base if it wishes to capture a greater share of seminal neuropsychology papers. Further investigation of the critical citation differences reported in the paper is recommended. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER MASSON PI MILANO PA VIA PALEOCAPA 7, 20121 MILANO, ITALY SN 0010-9452 J9 CORTEX JI Cortex PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70885-2 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 896LH UT WOS:000226935100003 PM 15714893 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Fticsar, JE Francis, MJ AF Lucha, PA Fticsar, JE Francis, MJ TI The strictured anastomosis: Successful treatment by corticosteroid injections - Report of three cases and review of the literature SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Article AB Clinically significant anastomotic strictures usually only occur with very low colorectal anastomoses below the level of the peritoneal reflection. The reported rate averages 8 percent and has been attributed to tissue ischemia, localized sepsis, anastomotic leak, proximal fecal diversion, radiation injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent rectal cancer. Most patients will have symptoms of obstipation, frequent small bowel movements, and bloating. Symptomatic strictures are often approached by dilation (balloon or Hegar) or less often repeat resection. Many of these patients have anastomoses that are too low to consider repeat resection. Strictureplasty with linear stapling devices, stricture resection by use of the circular stapling device, and repeat dilations have all been described. Steroid injections into the stricture have been described in strictured esophagogastric anastomoses but have not been commonly used for strictured coloproctostomies. We describe three cases of coloanal stricture following resections that were complicated by postoperative pelvic abcesses, anastomatic leaks, and pelvic fibrosis. Two cases had undergone low coloanal anastomosis that was protected by a loop ileostomy and developed as significant stricture in the early postoperative period. The third case was managed without a protective loop ileostomy. These were initially managed by repeated dilation of the anastomosis. Each episode was followed by rapid recurrence of the stricture. All patients underwent subsequent dilation with injection of 40 mg of triamcinolone acetate (divided dose in four quadrants) into the stricture and subsequent complete resolution of the stricture. Those patients with loop ileostomies had them taken down and all have been followed for up to 12 months without clinical or endoscopic evidence of recurrent stricture. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM PALucha@mar.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0012-3706 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 862 EP 865 DI 10.1007/s10350-004-0838-y PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 917BZ UT WOS:000228432200026 PM 15747075 ER PT J AU Schoeler, GB Moron, C Richards, A Blair, PJ Olson, JG AF Schoeler, GB Moron, C Richards, A Blair, PJ Olson, JG TI Human spotted fever rickettsial infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Serum specimens from patients at 4 sites in Peru were tested for evidence of spotted fever group rickettsial infection. Results showed that 30 (18%) of 170 patients had spotted fever group rickettsial infections, which likely caused their illnesses. These findings document laboratory-confirmed spotted fever from diverse areas of Peru. C1 USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Minist Hlth, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Olson, JG (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM olson@nmrcd.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 622 EP 624 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700019 PM 15829206 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Tshiteya, R Pfeil, KM Humenik, JA Karypis, G AF Kostoff, RN Tshiteya, R Pfeil, KM Humenik, JA Karypis, G TI Power source roadmaps using bibliometrics and database tomography SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; CITATION; INFORMATION; TRENDS; IMPACT AB Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multi-word technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to derive technical intelligence from a Power Sources database derived from the Science Citation Index. Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive, technical themes of the Power Sources database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the Power Sources literature supplemented the, DT results with author/joumal/institution/country publication and citation data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. DDl OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Noesis Inc, Manassas, VA 20109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 35,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 47 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 709 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.058 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 889UX UT WOS:000226469300010 ER PT J AU Bordalo, AA Vieira, MEC AF Bordalo, AA Vieira, MEC TI Spatial variability of phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses in the mesotidal salt wedge Douro Estuary (Portugal) SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estuarine circulation; box model; chlorophyll; bacteria; viruses; Douro Estuary ID ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; WATER-QUALITY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; BOX-MODEL; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; MICROBIAL LOOP; RIVER ESTUARY; DYNAMICS; SEA; BACTERIOPLANKTON AB In order to assess the variability of phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, a box model was applied to the mesotidal salt wedge Douro Estuary (NW Portugal). The estuary was divided into boxes with two vertical layers and was driven by salinity and freshwater discharge data acquired during cruises in the spring, summer and fall of 1995. Model runs yielded estimates of the vertical non-advective exchange coefficients for each box, which were then used to establish balance equations for the microbial variables. Such equations allowed calculation of horizontal and vertical fluxes of phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses as well as their respective rates of production or consumption. Bacterial numbers peaked at intermediate salinities (12-18) whereas freshwater phytoplankton biomass decreased linearly with salinity, and estuarine communities increased at intermediate salinities. Virus-like particles had a similar behavior. The lower layer in the Douro Estuary was always a sink for phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, giving way to negative or close to zero microbial fluxes. In the upper layer of the lower estuary, close to the coastal end where nutrients are abundant, water transparency was high, bacterial generation times were shorter and microbial fluxes were always positive, i.e. net growth occurred. The freshwater end of the estuary was a source of phytoplankton, irrespective of season, whereas it was a source of bacteria and viruses only in summer and spring, respectively. It is suggested that salinity acts as a boundary between different microbial communities, especially on a vertical scale. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Biomed Sci, P-4099003 Oporto, Portugal. CIIMAR, Inst Marine Res, Oporto, Portugal. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bordalo, AA (reprint author), Inst Biomed Sci, Lg Abel Salazar 2, P-4099003 Oporto, Portugal. EM bordalo@icbas.up.pt OI Bordalo, Adriano/0000-0002-9637-6541 NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.11.003 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 908FR UT WOS:000227773300014 ER PT J AU Evora, VMF Jain, N Shukla, A AF Evora, VMF Jain, N Shukla, A TI Stress intensity factor and crack velocity relationship for polyester/TiO2 nanocomposites SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Applications of Experimental Methods in Mechanics held at the 2003 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL Charlotte, NC DE dynamic fracture; crack velocity; arrest toughness; nanocomposites; a-K-1 relationship ID FRACTURE; REINFORCEMENT AB The dynamic fracture behavior of polyester/ TiO2 nanocomposites has been characterized and compared with that of the matrix material. A relationship between the dynamic stress intensity factor, K-vertical bar, and the crack tip velocity, a, has been established. Dynamic photoelasticity coupled with high-speed photography has been used to obtain crack tip velocities and dynamic stress fields around the propagating cracks. Birefringent coatings were used to conduct the photoelastic study due to the opaqueness of the nanocomposites. Single-edge notch tension and modified compact tension specimens were used to obtain a broad range of crack velocities. Fractographic analysis was conducted to understand the fracture process. The results showed that crack arrest toughness in nanocomposites was 60% greater than in the matrix material. Crack propagation velocities prior to branching in nanocomposites were found to be 50% greater than those in polyester. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Evora, VMF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM evoravf@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1177/0014485105052110 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 909SY UT WOS:000227882200007 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, RJ TI An investigation of the scales in transitional boundary layers under high free-stream turbulence conditions SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENCY TRANSPORT-EQUATION; FREESTREAM TURBULENCE; NEW-MODEL; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; WAKE AB The scales in a transitional boundary layer subject to high ( initially 8%) free-stream turbulence and strong acceleration ( K as high as 9 x 10(-6)) were investigated using wavelet spectral analysis and conditional sampling of experimental data. The boundary layer shows considerable evolution through transition, with a general shift from the lower frequencies induced by the free-stream unsteadiness to higher frequencies associated with near-wall- generated turbulence. Within the non-turbulent zone of the intermittent. flow, there is considerable self-similarity in the spectra from the beginning of transition to the end, with the dominant frequencies in the boundary layer remaining constant at about the dominant frequency of the free-stream. The frequencies of the energy-containing scales in the turbulent zone change with streamwise location and are significantly higher than in the non-turbulent zone. When normalized on the local viscous length scale and velocity, however, the turbulent zone spectra also show good self-similarity throughout transition. Turbulence dissipation occurs almost exclusively in the turbulent zone. The velocity fluctuations associated with dissipation are isotropic, and their normalized spectra at upstream and downstream stations are nearly identical. The distinct differences between the turbulent and non-turbulent zones suggest the potential utility of intermittency based transition models in which these zones are treated separately. The self-similarity noted in both energy containing and dissipation scales in both zones suggests possibilities for simplifying the modeling for each zone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD APR PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 516 EP 533 DI 10.1007/s00348-005-0945-0 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 918LG UT WOS:000228542700014 ER PT J AU Baillie, L Hibbs, S Tsai, P Cao, GL Rosen, GM AF Baillie, L Hibbs, S Tsai, P Cao, GL Rosen, GM TI Role of superoxide in the germination of Bacillus anthracis endospores SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anthrax; endospores; superoxide; germination ID CEREUS SPORES; L-ALANINE; EXOSPORIUM; IDENTIFICATION; THURINGIENSIS; PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEIN; MACROPHAGES; RADICALS; REQUIRES AB The spore forming Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, has achieved notoriety due to its use as a bioterror agent. In the environment, B. anthracis exists as a dormant endospore. Germination of endospores during their internalization within the myeloid phagocyte, and the ability of those endospores to survive exposure to antibacterial killing mechanisms such as superoxide (0(2)(center dot-)), is a key initial event in the infective process. We report herein that endospores exposed to fluxes of O-2(center dot-) typically found in stimulated phagocytes had no effect on viability. Further endospores of the Sterne strain of B. anthracis were found to scavenge O-2(center dot-), which may enhance the ability of the bacterium to survive within the hostile environment of the phagolysosome. Most intriguing was the observation that endospore germination was stimulated by a flux of O-2(center dot-) as low as 1 mu M/min. Data presented herein suggest that B. anthracis may co-opt O-2(center dot-) which is produced by stimulated myeloid phagocytes and is an essential element of host immunity, as a necessary step in productive infection of the host. (c) 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Biol Defense Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Ctr EPR Imaging Vivo Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Baillie, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM bailliel@nmrc.navy.mil OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057168]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-2034] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 245 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.016 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 915DB UT WOS:000228276800005 PM 15796976 ER PT J AU Olson, C Rochau, G Slutz, S Morrow, C Olson, R Cuneo, M Hanson, D Bennett, G Sanford, T Bailey, J Stygar, W Vesey, R Mehlhorn, T Struve, K Mazarakis, M Savage, M Pointon, T Kiefer, M Rosenthal, S Cochrane, K Schneider, L Glover, S Reed, K Schroen, D Farnum, C Modesto, M Oscar, D Chhabildas, L Boyes, J Vigil, V Keith, R Turgeon, M Cipiti, B Lindgren, E Dandini, V Tran, H Smith, D McDaniel, D Quintenz, J Matzen, MK VanDevender, JP Gauster, W Shephard, L Walck, M Renk, T Tanaka, T Ulrickson, M Meier, W Latkowski, J Moir, R Schmitt, R Reyes, S Abbott, R Peterson, R Pollock, G Ottinger, P Schumer, J Peterson, P Kammer, D Kulcinski, G El-Guebaly, L Moses, G Sviatoslavsky, I Sawan, M Anderson, M Bonazza, R Oakley, J Meekunasombat, P De Groot, J Jensen, N Abdou, M Ying, A Calderoni, P Morey, N Abdel-Khalik, S Dillon, C Lasca, C Sadowski, D Curry, R McDonald, K Barkey, M Szaroletta, W Gallix, R Alexander, N Rickman, W Charman, C Shatoff, H Welch, D Rose, D Panchuk, P Louie, D Dean, S Kim, A Nedoseev, S Grabovsky, E Kingsep, A Smimov, V AF Olson, C Rochau, G Slutz, S Morrow, C Olson, R Cuneo, M Hanson, D Bennett, G Sanford, T Bailey, J Stygar, W Vesey, R Mehlhorn, T Struve, K Mazarakis, M Savage, M Pointon, T Kiefer, M Rosenthal, S Cochrane, K Schneider, L Glover, S Reed, K Schroen, D Farnum, C Modesto, M Oscar, D Chhabildas, L Boyes, J Vigil, V Keith, R Turgeon, M Cipiti, B Lindgren, E Dandini, V Tran, H Smith, D McDaniel, D Quintenz, J Matzen, MK VanDevender, JP Gauster, W Shephard, L Walck, M Renk, T Tanaka, T Ulrickson, M Meier, W Latkowski, J Moir, R Schmitt, R Reyes, S Abbott, R Peterson, R Pollock, G Ottinger, P Schumer, J Peterson, P Kammer, D Kulcinski, G El-Guebaly, L Moses, G Sviatoslavsky, I Sawan, M Anderson, M Bonazza, R Oakley, J Meekunasombat, P De Groot, J Jensen, N Abdou, M Ying, A Calderoni, P Morey, N Abdel-Khalik, S Dillon, C Lasca, C Sadowski, D Curry, R McDonald, K Barkey, M Szaroletta, W Gallix, R Alexander, N Rickman, W Charman, C Shatoff, H Welch, D Rose, D Panchuk, P Louie, D Dean, S Kim, A Nedoseev, S Grabovsky, E Kingsep, A Smimov, V TI Development path for Z-Pinch IFE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 14-16, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Nucl Soc Fusion Energy Div, Amer Nucl Soc Wisconsin Local Sect, Atomic Energy Soc Japan Fusion Energy Div, US DOE, Univ Wisconsin Madison ID FUSION AB The long-range goal of the Z-Pinch IFE program is to produce an economically-attractive power plant using high-yield z-pinch-driven targets (similar to 3GJ) with low reprate per chamber (similar to 0.1 Hz). The present mainline choice for a Z-Pinch IFE power plant uses an LTD (Linear Transformer Driver) repetitive pulsed power driver, a Recyclable Transmission Line (RTL), a dynamic hohlraum z-pinch-driven target, and a thick-liquid wall chamber. The RTL connects the pulsed power driver directly to the z-pinch-driven target, and is made from frozen coolant or a material that is easily separable from the coolant (such as carbon steel). The RTL is destroyed by the fusion explosion, but the RTL materials are recycled, and a new RTL is inserted on each shot. A development path for Z-Pinch IFE has been created that complements and leverages the NNSA DP ICF program. Funding by a U.S. Congressional initiative of $4M for FY04 through NNSA DP is supporting assessment and initial research on (1) RTLs, (2) repetitive pulsed power drivers, (3) shock mitigation [because of the high yield targets], (4) planning for a proof-of-principle full RTL cycle demonstration [with a 1 MA, 1 MV, 100 ns, 0.1 Hz driver], (5) IFE target studies for multi-GJ yield targets, and (6) z-pinch IFE power plant engineering and technology development. Initial results from all areas of this research are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. Omicron, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Fus Power Associates, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk, Russia. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Olson, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. EM clolson@sandia.gov RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013; OI Calderoni, Pattrick/0000-0002-2316-6404 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 911CF UT WOS:000227978200053 ER PT J AU Su, WL Akyildiz, IF AF Su, WL Akyildiz, IF TI Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE sensoe networks; time synchronization; timing AB In the near future, small intelligent devices will be deployed in homes, plantations, oceans, rivers, streets, and highways to monitor the environment. These devices require time synchronization, so voice and video data from different sensor nodes can be fused and displayed in a meaningful way at the sink. Instead of time synchronization between just the sender and receiver or within a local group of sensor nodes, some applications require the sensor nodes to maintain a similar time within a certain tolerance throughout the lifetime of the network. The Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP) is proposed as a network-wide time synchronization protocol. It allows the sensor network to reach an equilibrium time and maintains a small time deviation tolerance from the equilibrium time. In addition, it is analytically shown that the TDP enables time in the network to converge. Also, simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of TDP in synchronizing the time throughout the network and balancing the energy consumed by the sensor nodes. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Broadband & Wireless Networking Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Adv Networking Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; ian@ece.gatech.edu RI Akyildiz, Ian/G-7136-2011 OI Akyildiz, Ian/0000-0002-8099-3529 NR 19 TC 115 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 EI 1558-2566 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 384 EP 397 DI 10.1109/TNET.2004.842228 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 918RR UT WOS:000228565800013 ER PT J AU Edwards, AP Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Katzer, DS Storm, DF Roussos, JA AF Edwards, AP Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Katzer, DS Storm, DF Roussos, JA TI Improved reliability of AlGaN-GaNHEMTs using an NH3 plasma treatment prior to SiN passivation SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); passivation; reliability ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; FIELD; GAN; MICROWAVE AB A passivation method has been developed which reduced the degradation of AlGaN-GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) electrical properties caused by extended dc bias or microwave power operation. The key aspect of this passivation technique is exposure to a low-power NH3 plasma prior to SiN deposition. Devices fabricated with the NH3 treatment prior to SiN passivation show minimal gate lag and current collapse after extended dc bias operation. In addition, the rate of degradation of the microwave power output while under continuous microwave operation is improved by at least 100 times as compared to SiN passivated HEMTs that were not treated with the NH3 plasma. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edwards, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 11 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1109/LED.2005.844694 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 909OZ UT WOS:000227870600001 ER PT J AU Mayer, R Bucholtz, F Allman, E von Berg, DL Kruer, M AF Mayer, R Bucholtz, F Allman, E von Berg, DL Kruer, M TI A metric of background candidate assessment for spectral target signature transforms SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; backgrounds; histogram; object detection ID OBJECT DETECTION; IMAGERY AB Previous studies examined and tested a number of statistics-based registration-free transforms to find targets amid cluttered backgrounds. These transforms temporally evolve spectral target signatures under global, varying conditions using collected imagery of regions of similar objects and content distribution from datasets gathered at two different times. The transformed target signature is then inserted into the matched filter to search for targets. Although critical for transforming spectral target signatures, finding two suitable candidate regions is often difficult, computationally intensive, and may require the aid of an image analyst. This is the first study to examine a metric to help identify suitable areas for spectral target transformation. Specifically, this study examines and finds that the average correlation coefficient between the corrected histograms of the multispectral image cube collected at two times can help assess the similarity of the areas and indicate the target-to-clutter ratio, a metric shown to predict target detection performance in matched filter searches for targets. C1 SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM mayerru@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.843433 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949NS UT WOS:000230796000004 ER PT J AU Dura, E Zhang, Y Liao, XJ Dobeck, GJ Carin, L AF Dura, E Zhang, Y Liao, XJ Dobeck, GJ Carin, L TI Active learning for detection of mine-like objects in side-scan sonar imagery SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active learning; classifiaction; detection; mine-like; side-scan sonar; target; unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) AB A data-adaptive algorithm is presented for the selection of the basis functions and training data used in classifier design with application to sensing mine-like targets with a side-scan sonar. Automatic detection of mine-like targets using side-scan sonar imagery is complicated by the variability of the target, clutter, and background signatures. Specifically, the strong dependence of the data on environmental conditions vitiates the assumption that one may perform a priori algorithm training using separate side-scan sonar data collected previously. In this paper, a novel active-learning algorithm is developed based on kernel classifiers with the goal of enhancing detection/classification of mines without requiring an a priori training set. It is assumed that divers and/or unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) may be used to determine the binary labels (target/clutter) of a small number of signatures from a given side-scan collection. These sets of signatures and associated labels are then used to train a kernel-based algorithm with which the remaining side-scan signatures are classified. Information-theoretic concepts are used to adaptively construct the form of the kernel classifier and to determine which signatures and associated labels would be most informative in the context of algorithm training. Using measured side-looking sonar data, the authors demonstrate that the number of signatures for which labels are required (via diver/UUV) is often small relative to the total number of potential targets in a given image. This procedure designs the detection/classification algorithm on the observed data itself without requiring a priori training data and also allows adaptation as environmental conditions change. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dura, E (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM edura@ee.duke.edu; yzhang@ee.duke.edu; xjliao@ee.duke.edu; gerald.dobeck@navy.mil; lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 360 EP 371 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.850931 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 979LA UT WOS:000232942300017 ER PT J AU Yoo, KB AF Yoo, KB TI Shallow water temporal coherence of broadband acoustic signals in the presence of internal waves SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE internal waves; shallow water; simulation; temporal coherence ID SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; PROPAGATION; OCEAN; STATISTICS; PERIODS AB Temporal coherence is closely related to single path phase rate. The single path phase rates in a shallow water environment were obtained by applying two different multipath models [Dyson, Munk, and Zetler, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 59, pp. 1121-1133, 1976 and Mikhalevsky, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 66, pp. 751-762, 1979] on simulated data with internal waves. The estimated phase rates were consistent between the two models. In contrast, previous application of the same models on deep water data showed a factor of 8 difference in their phase rates. The phase rates derived from the models become independent of range after a uniform phase distribution is reached in the (-pi, pi) region. The shallow water coherence time varies considerably with depth at a given range. The depth dependence is explained with a correlation function constructed with mode depth functions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoo, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoo@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.850867 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 979LA UT WOS:000232942300019 ER PT J AU Watson, MD Ashley, PR Guenthner, AJ Abushagur, MAG AF Watson, MD Ashley, PR Guenthner, AJ Abushagur, MAG TI Modeling of electrooptic polymer electrical characteristics in a three-layer optical waveguide modulator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electrooptic polymer; frequency response; Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator; waveguide; waveguide layer adhesion; waveguide reactance AB The electrical characteristics of electrooptic polymer waveguide modulators are often described by the bulk reactance of the individual layers. However, the resistance and capacitance between the layers can significantly alter the electrical performance of a waveguide modulator. These interface characteristics are related to the boundary charge density and are strongly affected by the adhesion of the layers in the waveguide stack. An electrical reactance model has been derived to investigate this phenomenon at low frequencies. The model shows the waveguide stack frequency response has no limiting effects below the microwave range and that a true dc response requires a stable voltage for over 1000 h. Thus, reactance of the layers is the key characteristic of optimizing the voltage across the core layer, even at very low frequencies (> 10(-6) Hz). The results of the model are compared with experimental data for two polymer systems and show quite good correlation. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35749 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Kate Gleason Coll Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Watson, MD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Michael.D.Watson@nasa.gov; P.R.Ashley@redstone.rdec.army.mil; andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; maaeen@rit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.843607 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 909PB UT WOS:000227870800016 ER PT J AU Deal, WR Tsai, R Lange, MD Boos, JB Bennett, BR Gutierrez, A AF Deal, WR Tsai, R Lange, MD Boos, JB Bennett, BR Gutierrez, A TI A W-band InAs/AlSb low-noise low-power amplifier SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antimonide-based compound semiconductor (ABCS); grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW); low noise amplifier (LNA); millimeter-wave imaging AB The first W-Band antimonide based compound semiconductor low-noise amplifier has been demonstrated. The compact 1.4-mm(2) three-stage co-planar waveguide amplifier with 0.1-mu m InAs/AlSb high electron mobility transistor devices is fabricated on a 100-mu m GaAs substrate. Minimum noise-figure of 5.4 dB with an associated gain of 11.1 dB is demonstrated at a total chip dissipation of 1.8 mW at 94 GHz. Biased for higher gain, 16 +/- 1 dB is measured over a 77-103 GHz frequency band. C1 Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM william.deal@ngst.com RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 9 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 EI 1558-1764 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 208 EP 210 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2005.845691 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 913YZ UT WOS:000228192900006 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F AF Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F TI Compensation of arbitrary chromatic dispersion in analog links using a modulation-diversity receiver SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE amplitude modulation (AM); amplitude modulation-phase modulation (AM-Phi M) conversion; optical fiber dispersion; phase modulation (Phi M) AB We present the design and demonstration of a receiver that compensates for arbitrary net chromatic dispersion in an analog fiber-optic link for double-sideband amplitude and phase modulation formats. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 893 EP 895 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.842787 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 909PF UT WOS:000227871200055 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K TI Efficient robust AMF using the FRACTA algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURED COVARIANCE-MATRIX; ADAPTIVE ARRAYS; RADAR AB The FRACTA algorithm has been shown to be an effective space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methodology for the airborne radar configuration in which there exists nonhomogeneous clutter, jamming, and dense target clusters. Further developments of the FRACTA algorithm are presented here in which the focus is on the robust, efficient implementation of the FRACTA algorithm. Enhancements to the FRACTA algorithm include a censoring stopping mechanism, an alternative data blocking approach for adaptive power residue (APR) censoring, and a fast reiterative censoring (RC) procedure. Furthermore, a coherent processing interval (CPI) segmentation scheme for computing the adaptive weights is presented as an alternative approach to computing the adaptive matched filter (AMF) weight vector that allows for lower sample support and reduced computational complexity. The enhanced FRACTA algorithm, denoted as FRACTA.E, is applied to the KASSPERI challenge datacube which possesses dense ground target clusters that are known to have a significant deleterious effect on standard adaptive matched filtering (AMF) processors. It is shown that the FRACTAX algorithm outperforms and is considerably more computationally efficient than both the original FRACTA algorithm and the standard sliding window processing (SWP) approach. Furthermore, using the KASSPERI datacube, the FRACTAX algorithm is shown to have the same detection performance as the clairvoyant algorithm where the exact range-dependent clutter covariance matrices are known. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blunt@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1109/TAES.2005.1468746 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 938CD UT WOS:000229976600011 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Nabet, B Zhao, X Huang, HJ Cola, A Quaranta, F Taurino, A Currie, M AF Chen, XY Nabet, B Zhao, X Huang, HJ Cola, A Quaranta, F Taurino, A Currie, M TI Optical and electrical characterization of GaAs-based high-speed and high-sensitivity delta-doped resonant cavity-enhanced HMSM photodetector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE delta modulation doping; distributed Bragg reflectors; photodetectors; metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM); resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE); two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG); vertically oriented potential and electric field profile ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODETECTOR; TRAVELING-WAVE PHOTODETECTORS; INGAAS MSM PHOTODETECTORS; CURRENT TRANSPORT; PHOTODIODE; FREQUENCY; BANDWIDTH; DEVICES AB We have previously reported an AlGaAs-GaAs-based delta modulation doped resonant cavity-enhanced, heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal (HMSM) photodetector design with wavelength selectivity, high sensitivity, and high-speed properties. In this paper, the influences of the resonant cavity and the delta modulation-doped layer on the optical and electrical performances of HMSM photodetectors have been studied by using the transmission line model and Ramo's theorem, respectively. The microcavity offers narrow spectral bandwidth detection accompanied by a drastic increase of the optical field at the resonant wavelength, solving the tradeoff between high efficiency and high speed with the thinner absorption regions. The top AlGaAs delta modulation-doped layer presents an enhanced barrier height associated with the vertically oriented two-dimensional potential and field profiles rather than the horizontally oriented ones, providing very low dark current values and an increase in device responsivity and speed of the response. Optimizing the optical and electric field simultaneously results in high-performance photodetection without further scaling down the devices. Two separate groups of photodetectors with various geometries have been fabricated, characterized, and simulated: One with a delta modulation-doped structure, the other without this doped layer. Delta-doped photodetectors show wavelength selectivity at 850 nm with about a 30-nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM), 9.2 fA/mu m(2) dark current, less than 30 fF capacitance, 10.6-ps FWHM, and 18.4-ps fall time. Photocurrent spectral response, dark current, time response, and capacitance-voltage measurements consistently show that the delta-doped detectors have the better optical and electrical performances over the undoped ones. C1 Mosel Vitel Corp, Cent Lab, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CNR, IMM, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Mosel Vitel Corp, Cent Lab, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. EM xchen@mvc.com RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; Quaranta, Fabio/C-7417-2013; Taurino, Antonietta/N-4175-2015 OI Taurino, Antonietta/0000-0001-9329-2345 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 454 EP 464 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.844742 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 907WJ UT WOS:000227748500004 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Electromagnetic distributions demonstrating asymmetry using a spectral-domain dyadic Green's function for ferrite microstrip guided-wave structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE asymmetric field distributions; dyadic Green's function; ferrite; guided-wave structure; microstrip; spectral-domain code ID THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS; ANISOTROPIC PERMITTIVITY; LAYERED STRUCTURES; COMPLEX MEDIA; GROUND PLANE; LINES; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; MODES; FIELD AB An anisotropic dyadic Green's function is used in a theoretical formulation for finding the behavior of the surface currents and electromagnetic fields of nonreciprocal structures. Dispersion diagrams, surface current, magnetic- and electric-field distributions, and Poynting-vector distributions are then found for microstrip structures containing a multilayered medium including a ferrite material layer. Such structures can variously be used as isolators, magnetostatic wave generators, or other devices relying upon nonreciprocal action. Calculations are done using a fast solver anisotropic Green's function spectral-domain computer code. Asymmetry in the surface current, electric and magnetic fields, and Poynting-vector distributions is found, demonstrating explicitly the effect of the nonreciprocity of the ferrite layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1361 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.845767 PN 1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 916DM UT WOS:000228365600029 ER PT J AU Solin, JR Tylka, AJ Shea, MA Smart, DF AF Solin, JR Tylka, AJ Shea, MA Smart, DF TI The cosmic ray environment of tactical ABMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric neutrons; avionics single event upset (SEU); single event effect; SEU; solar particle event ID CUTOFF RIGIDITY MODEL; SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS; HEAVY-IONS; PROTON; CREDO; MPTB; SEU AB The battlespace of tactical antiballistic missiles (TABMs) is mostly exoatmospheric and includes regions with negligible geomagnetic shielding, especially during geomagnetic storms. It is therefore necessary to harden TABMs against galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) induced single event effects (SEEs) and star tracker and focal plane array (FPA) glitches. The variability of the worldwide GCR and SPE exoatmospheric TABM environment is described. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Solin, JR (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. EM john.solin@lmco.com; allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; sssrc@msn.com RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.846883 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 916EF UT WOS:000228367500007 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Kelley, MC AF Makela, JJ Kelley, MC TI Two-dimensional imaging of the development phase of plasma instabilities in the Earth's ionosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CIS; F layer; ionosphere; optical emission; plasma instability; storm AB The convective ionospheric storm (CIS) is a naturally occurring process in the earth's ionosphere over the magnetic equator that can have deleterious consequences on satellite navigation and communication systems. By making low-elevation optical observations from Haleakala, Hawaii, the two-dimensional structure (2-D) (altitude versus longitude) can be made. We present observations from April 30, 2003 that clearly show the development phase of the CIS and compare them to a nonlinear simulation of the instability process. Through long-term observations of this type, we will collect a database that will be used to help unravel some of the outstanding questions associated with this fascinating phenomenon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jmakela@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 502 EP 503 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845119 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100140 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Siefring, CL Gerken, E AF Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Siefring, CL Gerken, E TI Imaging of ionospheric density structures and plasma drifts using artificial illumination by high-power radio waves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIRGLOW AB Artificial aurora from energetic electron fluxes may be generated by powerful radio waves beamed into the ionosphere. This radio induced aurora (RIA) provides optical diagnostics for measurements of field aligned irregularities, artificial plasma cavities, and plasma drifts in the E and F layer ionosphere. High-power radio waves coupled with low-light-level optical sensors provide unique measurements of the upper atmosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 504 EP 505 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845917 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100141 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Gatling, G Ganguli, G AF Amatucci, WE Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Gatling, G Ganguli, G TI Whistler wave propagation and whistler wave antenna radiation resistance measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE antenna impedance; laboratory plasma; wave ducting; wave propagation; whistler waves ID ENERGY-ABSORPTION PHENOMENA; PLASMA-SHEATH RESONANCES; RADIO-FREQUENCY PLASMAS; HERLOFSON PARADOX AB Whistler waves are a common feature of ionospheric and magnetospheric plasmas. While the linear behavior of these waves is generally well understood, a number of interesting observations indicate that much remains to be learned about the nonlinear characteristics of the mode. For example, in space, very low frequency (VLF) emissions triggered by whistler modes launched from ground-based transmitters have been observed. Emission is assumed to come from transverse currents formed by counterstreaming electrons that are phase bunched by the triggering signal. In the laboratory, it has been shown that with increasing amplitude of the driving signal applied to an antenna, the whistler mode radiation pattern forms a duct with diameter of the order of the parallel wavelength. The ducted waves were observed to propagate virtually undamped along the length of the plasma column. These observations have prompted an Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Space Physics Simulation Chamber study of whistler wave dynamics. The goals are to investigate whistler wave ducting, self-focusing, and amplification, and to study nonlinear whistler-plasma interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amatucci@ccf.nri.navy.mil; davidb@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; dwalker@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ggatling@cgmail.com; gang@ppd.nri.navy.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 637 EP 646 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.844607 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500008 ER PT J AU Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Kahn, M Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Lewis, D Imam, MA AF Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Kahn, M Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Lewis, D Imam, MA TI Joining of ceramic tubes using a high-power 83-GHz millimeter-wave beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE ceramic joining; materials processing; mathematica; millimeter-wave materials processing; reactive-braze joining AB High purity, high density alumina tubes have been successfully joined using a high-power millimeter-wave beam. This technique exploits the use of the beam-forming capability of an 83-GHz gyrotron-based system allowing the deposition of energy into a narrow region surrounding the joint area with minimal heating (< 100 degrees C) of the metal fixturing (a modified microlathe). The power deposition and heating was modeled using a closed form analytical approach that has been compared with experimental results. The modeling results indicated areas of improvement that were implemented to make the process more effective. Conjoined tubes resulting from this technology meet the requirements for the dielectric-loaded accelerator (DLA) being developed by the Argonne National Laboratory. C1 RWBruce Associates Inc, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ICARUS Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Leading Edge Tech, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bruce, RW (reprint author), RWBruce Associates Inc, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 668 EP 678 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844509 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500012 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Abe, DK Miram, G Levush, B AF Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Abe, DK Miram, G Levush, B TI Eighteen-beam gun design for high power, high repetition rate, broadband multiple-beam klystrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE electron gun; multibeam; multiple-beam amplifier (MBA); multiple-beam klystron (MBK) ID ELECTRON-GUN; AMPLIFIERS AB This paper presents the design of a high repetition rate electron gun to be employed in future high-power broadband multiple-beam amplifiers operating in S-band. Special emphasis is placed on the geometric layout of the gun to ensure high repetition rate operation at moderate beam switching voltages, good beam optics, and optimal beam packing for long life, efficient beam-wave interaction and broad bandwidth. The resulting gun design employs an eighteen-beam magnetically shielded cathode topology capable of generating a total current of 41.6 A (evenly divided among eighteen beams) at a voltage of 42 kV. In the beam tunnels, each beamlet has a radial fill factor of 48%. The nominal beam modulation voltage is 5.2 kV. With an estimated gun capacitance of 150 pF, a repetition rate in excess of 10 kHz is feasible with the current state-of-the-art in modulator technology. C1 Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. ATK Miss Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calabazas Creek Res Inc, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; pershing@estd.nrl.navy.mil; david.abe@nrl.navy.mil; george.miram@cpii.com; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844523 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500014 ER PT J AU Hinshelwood, D Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Ponce, DM Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC Critchley, A Crotch, I Threadgold, J AF Hinshelwood, D Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Ponce, DM Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC Critchley, A Crotch, I Threadgold, J TI Characterization of a self-magnetic-pinched diode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE electron beams; particle beams; pinched-beam diodes; pulsed power; radiography ID TRANSPORT; POWER AB Self-magnetic-pinched diode behavior at 1.5-2 MV was diagnosed using a variety of electrical, radiation, and optical diagnostics. Results are compared with predictions of the LSP particle-in-cell code, and shown to be in good agreement. A practical diagnostic of electron incidence angles is demonstrated. A quadrature interferometer is shown to be capable of measuring the time-dependent position of the effective electrode-plasma boundaries. Both one-dimensional (I-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) interferometry show the importance of anode plasma expansion in such diodes with high anode-power concentration. Not only does the anode plasma contribute significantly to gap closure, but there is evidence that anode plasma expansion results in a distortion of the effective anode shape, which can significantly affect the diode performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Corp, Reston, VA 20191 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. RP Hinshelwood, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845305 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500015 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RR Gordon, DF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Ting, AC Zigler, A Dexter, J AF Hubbard, RR Gordon, DF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Ting, AC Zigler, A Dexter, J TI Trapping and acceleration of nonideal injected electron runches in laser Wakefield accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE accelerators; laser applications; optical propagation in plasma media; pulsed lasers ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; PLASMA-CHANNEL; PULSES; INTENSE; BEAMS; WAVE; GENERATION AB Most conceptual designs for future laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) require external injection of precisely-phased, monoenergetic, ultrashort bunches of MeV electrons. This paper reports simulation and Hamiltonian models of several nonideal injection schemes that demonstrate strong phase bunching and good accelerated beam quality in a channel-guided LWFA. For the case of monoenergetic, unphased (long bunch) injection, there is an optimum range of injection energies for which the LWFA can trap a significant fraction of the injected pulse while producing an ultrashort, high-quality accelerated pulse. These favorable results are due to a combination of pruning of particles at unfavorable phases, rapid acceleration, and strong phase bunching. Also, the plasma channel introduces a favorable shift in the region of accelerating phase where electrons are focused, which can significantly reduce the required injection energy. Simulation results agree well with the predictions of the Hamiltonian model. Simulations of phased injection with a broad injected energy spread also exhibit final accelerated bunches with small energy spread. These results suggest that relatively poor quality injection pulses may still be useful in LWFA demonstration experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hubb@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; gordon@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; jhcooley@lanl.gov; hafizi@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; ted.jones@nrl.navy.mil; sprangle@nrl.navy.mil; ting@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; zigler@vms.huji.ac.il; jdexter@oxy.edu RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 712 EP 722 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844315 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500017 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Ting, AC Gordon, DF Jones, TG Zigler, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Kaganovich, D Ting, AC Gordon, DF Jones, TG Zigler, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Generation of high-energy electrons in a double gas jet and laser wakefield acceleration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE electron accelerators; lasers; plasmas ID PULSES; BEAMS; INJECTION AB High-energy electrons were generated by the synchronized interaction of a 2-TW laser beam with a nitrogen gas jet and a 10-TW laser beam with helium gas jet. The jets centers are separated by 0.5 mm distance and the propagation of the lasers are collinear. Plasma electrons were trapped and accelerated by the wakefields generated in the gas jet plasmas to above 20 MeV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844611 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500020 ER PT J AU Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Davis, J Oreshkin, VI AF Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Davis, J Oreshkin, VI TI Heating of on-axis plasma heating for keV X-ray production with Z-pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE K-shell radiation production; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma radiation sources; Z-pinch plasmas ID OPTICALLY THICK PLASMAS; SIMILAR ATOMIC NUMBERS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; RADIATION; IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; ELEMENTS; MODEL AB We discuss a new opportunity of using Z-pinch plasma radiation sources for generating Ar K-shell radiation and harder keV quanta. Our approach to keV X-ray generation is based upon an analogy with laser fusion, where the imploding shell compressionally heats the low-density inner mass. The suggested design of a Z-pinch load consists then of one or two heavy outer shell(s) with a lower mass on-axis fill (i.e., central gas jet) producing most of the radiation. The outer shell is not supposed to radiate and thus does not need to have high specific energy characterized by the large eta parameter (Whitney et al., 1990). Thus, the heavy outer shell does not need to have a very large initial diameter for its implosion to be matched to the long-pulse current driver. Rather, we want to have a large amount of energy from the driver coupled to this shell by the moment when the shell collides with the low-density fill and eventually converts much of this energy to the thermal energy of the on-axis plasma. This configuration is investigated numerically in the framework of a one-dimensional radiation-magneto-hydrodynamics model for the case of Ar K-shell radiators. It is demonstrated that the Ar fill is heated in two stages. The first stage corresponds to the shock heating and thermal conduction in an initially low-density 11, and it allows preheating the fill while avoiding significant losses in soft radiation. The fill radiator is then compressed quasi-adiabatically and is heated-up to the temperature optimum for K-shell quanta generation. Diffusion of the driving magnetic field is shown to always suppress the conductive heat losses from the hot on-axis plasma to the cold outer shell. Absorption of the K-lines emitted near the axis in the surrounding plasma could be avoided by filling the outer shell with a different gas (like N-on-Ar), which allows a substantial increase in the observed keV X-ray radiation yields. C1 Ecole Polytech, Lab Phjys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Chuvatin, AS (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Phjys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM chuvatin@lptp.polytechnique.fr RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 739 EP 751 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845304 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500021 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG AF Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG TI Applications of electron-beam generated plasmas to materials processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE electron-beam applications; materials processing; plasma generation; plasma materials-processing applications; surface treatment ID STAINLESS-STEEL; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; ENERGIES; POLYMERS; GROWTH; SYSTEM; FLUX AB Nonequilibrium (T-e >> T-ion,T-gas) plasma processing often allows for greater process control with reduced environmental impact when compared to other materials processing methods, and therefore presents tremendous opportunities in the areas of thin film development and surface modification. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's "Large Area Plasma Processing System" (LAPPS) has been developed based on the high-energy (2 keV) electron-beam ionization process, with the goal of maximizing the benefits of plasma processing over large areas (similar to 1 m(2)). This system has been shown to be: 1) efficient at producing plasma in any gas composition; 2) capable of producing low-temperature plasma electrons (< 0.5 eV) in high densities (10(9) - 10(12) cm(-3)); and 3) scalable to large area (square meters). In this paper, the progress of a number of applications using LAPPS is discussed. Nitride growth in stainless steel was investigated, which demonstrated high rates (over 20 mu m/h(1/2)) at low temperatures (<= 462 degrees C). Complementary mass spectrometry showed that the nitriding results correlated to the flux of atomic ions delivered to the substrate. LAPPS was also combined with magnetron sputtering sources to form hybrid systems for thin film deposition of nitrides. The simultaneous operation of LAPPS with a titanium magnetron sputter source increased the growl of the < 200 > orientation in TiN films, due to the increased atomic nitrogen ion flux. Polymer pretreatment studies were also initiated in these systems; polytetrafluoroethylene substrates pretreated with an oxygen LAPPS exposure demonstrated a significant increase - in copper and aluminum film adhesion compared to untreated substrates, with the dominant factor believed to be the changed surface morphology. Similarly dramatic fluorination of polyethylene was demonstrated with plasmas generated in Ar/SF6 mixtures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM darrin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil; sgwalton@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844609 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500026 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF AF Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF TI Time-resolved diagnostics in a pulsed, electron beam-generated plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE ion energy measurement; mass spectrometry; plasma diagnostics; pulsed plasmas ID PROCESSING SYSTEM; MODELS AB Time-resolved ion flux and energy distributions were measured at an electrode located adjacent to a pulsed, electron beam-generated plasma produced in argon. A Langmuir probe was also used to determine time-dependent electron temperature and plasma density. Temporal variations in the incident Ar+ and Ar+2 ion energy and flux were correlated to changes in the electron temperature and plasma density. The evolution of the plasma density and ion flux is understood by considering the loss mechanisms of each ion species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sgwalton@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 838 EP 843 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845239 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500034 ER PT J AU Wang, F Liu, JB Sinibaldi, J Brophy, C Kuthi, A Jiang, C Ronney, P Gundersen, MA AF Wang, F Liu, JB Sinibaldi, J Brophy, C Kuthi, A Jiang, C Ronney, P Gundersen, MA TI Transient plasma ignition of quiescent and flowing air/fuel mixtures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2004) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE Blumlein; deflagration to detonation transition (DDT); laminar flame; pseudospark; pulse detonation engine (PDE); streamers; transient plasma; turbulent flame ID CATHODE-DIRECTED STREAMER; EXCIMER-LASER PHOTOLYSIS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; METHANE; AIR; COMBUSTION; OXYGEN; DISSOCIATION; PROPAGATION; DISCHARGE AB Transient plasmas that exist during the formative phase of a pulse-ignited atmospheric pressure discharge were studied for application to ignition of quiescent and flowing fuel-air mixtures. Quiescent methane-air mixture ignition was studied as a function of equivalence ratio, and flowing ethane-air mixture was studied in a pulse detonation engine (PDE). The transient plasma was primarily comprised of streamers, which exist during approximately 50 ns prior to the formation of an equilibrated electron energy distribution. Results of significant reduction in delay to ignition and ignition pressure rise time were obtained with energy costs roughly comparable to traditional spark ignition methods (100-800 mJ). Reduction in delay to ignition by factors of typically 3 in quiescent mixes to > 4 in a flowing PDE (0.35 kg/s), and other enhancements in performance were obtained. These results, along with a discussion of a pseudospark-based pulse generator that was developed for these applications, will be presented. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM feiwang@usc.edu RI Ronney, Paul/B-4007-2009; OI Ronney, Paul/0000-0002-2779-6438; Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590 NR 28 TC 59 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845251 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916SX UT WOS:000228407500035 ER PT J AU Umstattd, RJ Schlise, CA Wang, F AF Umstattd, RJ Schlise, CA Wang, F TI Gas evolution during operation of a CsI-coated carbon fiber cathode in a closed vacuum system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodes; electron emission; microwave tubes ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODES; ANODE; PERFORMANCE; DIODES AB In order to quantify the gases generated during operation of an explosive emission cathode, residual gas analysis was performed on a closed vacuum system. Two different anode materials were tested using an identical CsI-coated carbon fiber cathode. For both the nearly transparent molybdenum mesh and the carbon fiber anode, the largest pressure increases were observed in hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Use of the molybdenum mesh resulted in the generation of approximately 0.38 neutrals per electron compared to 0.73 neutrals per electron while using the carbon fiber anode. While the background vacuum pressure was typically in the low 10(-7) torr scale, it was found that gas generation during these explosive emission pulses led to local diode pressures of 0.5 mtorr up to several tens of mtorr. Such pressures are consistent with the ability to generate ion densities that can drastically effect the space charge-limited current. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Umstattd, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rjumstat@nps.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.844593 PN 3 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916TD UT WOS:000228408100006 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, RE Black, WZ AF Snodgrass, RE Black, WZ TI Mitigating the effects of explosions in underground electrical vaults SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE arcing faults; gas explosions; safety devices; underground vaults AB An explosion software package is used to assess the effectiveness of several simple and inexpensive safety devices that can minimize the dangers of explosions in underground electrical vaults. The software is capable of determining the forces on a manhole cover as high-pressure air and gases are expelled from the vault. This information is used to determine the feasibility of several devices designed to mitigate the effect of the explosion. The potential designs focus on modifications to the vault and manhole cover that limit the motion of the cover and reduce the severity of the explosive forces. The devices that are examined include bolts that fasten the cover to the vault, vented and lightweight manhole covers and covers that are attached to the vault by tethers. No single safety device will completely eliminate all of the dangers associated with an-explosion. Rigidly attaching the manhole cover to the vault with bolts is not recommended, because a reasonable number of bolts are often not sufficient to withstand the high pressures that result when the cover is held down and the vault is unable to vent. If the bolts finally fail, the vault will vent at a high pressure and subject the manhole cover to potentially dangerous forces. A lightweight, vented cover restrained by elastic webbing, on the other hand, will permit gases to vent at a lower pressure and greatly reduce the hazards posed by the explosion. The use of a rigid tether such as a steel cable or chain is not recommended due to the excessive forces that the manhole cover will exert on the tether and the attachment points. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Naval Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren Lab, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Snodgrass, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Naval Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren Lab, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 1767 EP 1774 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.834670 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 912RC UT WOS:000228096100071 ER PT J AU Klette, KL Wiegand, RF Horn, CK Stout, PR Magluilo, J AF Klette, KL Wiegand, RF Horn, CK Stout, PR Magluilo, J TI Urine benzodiazepine screening using Roche Online (R) KIMS immunoassay with beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRUG INTERACTION; ALCOHOL; DIAZEPAM; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; FLUPENTHIXOLE; COMBINATION C1 Navy Drug Screening Lab, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Air Stn, Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Aegis Sci Corp, Nashville, TN 37120 USA. AFIP, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), Navy Drug Screening Lab, 320 B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM klklette@nhgl.med.navy.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 916DQ UT WOS:000228366000008 PM 15842763 ER PT J AU Engle, AT Laurent, JM Schallhorn, SC Toman, SD Newacheck, JS Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, JL AF Engle, AT Laurent, JM Schallhorn, SC Toman, SD Newacheck, JS Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, JL TI Masked comparison of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon A and etafilcon A extended-wear bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PAIN AB Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 2 types of bandage contact lenses (BCLs) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Setting: Navy Refractive Surgery Center, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients received PRK in both eyes. Each patient received a BCL composed of etafilcon A (Acuvue [ACV], Vistakon Inc.) (14.0 diameter, 8.4/8.8 base curve) in 1 eye and lotrafilcon A (Focus Night & Day [N&D], Ciba Vision) (13.8 diameter, 8.4/8.6 base curve) in the fellow eye. The patient was masked to the lens type in each eye. The postoperative medication regimen was the same with both lenses. The epithelial defect size and subjective level of discomfort were measured at surgery and daily after surgery until both eyes had reepithelialized and the lenses were removed. Results: The mean epithelial defect size at surgery was similar with both BCLs (ACV 57.07 mm(2) and N&D 57.53 mm(2); p = .422). On postoperative days 1 and 2, the mean defect size was significantly smaller in eyes with the N&D lens (day 1, ACV 21.53 and N&D 18.74; day 2, ACV 3.62 and N&D 2.12) (paired t test, P < .001). On day 1, no eye had completely reepithelialized; on day 2, 20 eyes with N&D lenses and 13 eyes with ACV lenses had. On day 3, 70 eyes with N&D lenses and 66 eyes with ACV lenses had reepithelialized. The mean discomfort index was significantly higher in the eyes with ACV lenses on days 1 and 2 (paired t test, P < .001 and P < .002, respectively). Topical nonpreserved tetracaine was used significantly more often in eyes with ACV lenses on days 1, 2, and 3 (paired t test, P < .001, P < .008, P < .003, respectively). No correlation between the use of tetracaine in the first 24 hours and the rate of reepithelialization was noted (R-2 = 0.0025 for ACV and R-2 = 0.0003 for N&D). Conclusion: The lotrafilcon A lens resulted in significantly faster corneal reepithelialization and reduced patient discomfort in most patients during the first 48 hours after PRK. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Engle, AT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM aengle@aol.com NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.09.022 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 931MP UT WOS:000229489700013 PM 15899442 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EM Kaupp, SE Schallhorn, SC AF Hofmeister, EM Kaupp, SE Schallhorn, SC TI Comparison of tropicamide and cyclopentolate for cycloplegic refractions in myopic adult refractive surgery patients SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID CHILDREN; ATROPINE; 1-PERCENT AB Purpose: To compare tropicamide 1 %, a shorter-acting cycloplegic agent, with cyclopentolate 1 % for cycloplegic refractions in adult refractive surgery patients. Setting: Navy Refractive Surgery Center, Ophthalmology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California. Methods: The study was prospective, single center, with randomized sequencing of cycloplegic agent; each patient received both agents. Thirty consecutive myopic adult refractive surgery patients (mean age 35.4 years) participated. A complete preoperative examination, including cycloplegic refraction, was obtained twice, 1 week apart. The patient and the examiner were masked to the medication. Main outcome measures included cycloplegic and manifest refractions, best corrected distance acuity, near-point accommodation, pupil diameters, and subjective appraisal of experience with cycloplegic agents. Results: Twenty-eight of 30 patients completed both examinations. Both eyes were measured, but comparisons were limited to right and left eyes, independently. No statistically significant difference was found between the tropicamide and cyclopentolate cycloplegic refractions (mean difference in MSE SD, OD = 0.054 0.214 diopters (D), t = 1.33, P = .10; OS = 0.054 0.253 D, t = 1.12, P = .14). Five eyes of 3 patients had a difference of 0.50 D or greater between the 2 agents; less myopia with cyclopentolate. Near-point testing revealed less residual accommodation with cyclopentolate (difference in MSE, OD = -0.27 0.51 D, t = 2.68, P = .006; OS = -0.32 0.49 D, t = 3,46, P = .001). Subjectively, 24 of 28 (86 %) patients preferred tropicamide, 1 (4 %) preferred cyclopentolate, and 3 (10 %) had no preference. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in mean cycloplegic refractions. Cyclopentolate was more effective than tropicamide in reducing accommodative amplitude in adult myopes (near-point testing). Patients strongly preferred tropicamide. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Navy Refract Surg Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hofmeister, EM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.10.068 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 931MP UT WOS:000229489700015 PM 15899444 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI Effect of chemical structure on the isobaric and isochoric fragility in polychlorinated biphenyls SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; VISCOUS SLOWING-DOWN; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY AB Pressure-volume-temperature data, along with dielectric relaxation measurements, are reported for a series of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), differing in the number of chlorine atoms on their phenyl rings. Analysis of the results reveals that with increasing chlorine content, the relaxation times of the PCB become governed to a greater degree by density rho relative to the effect of temperature T. This result is consistent with the respective magnitudes of the scaling exponent gamma yielding superpositioning of the relaxation times measured at various temperatures and pressures, when plotted versus rho(gamma)/T. While at constant (atmospheric) pressure, fragilities for the various PCB are equivalent, the fragility at constant volume varies inversely with chlorine content. Evidently, the presence of bulkier chlorine atoms on the phenyl rings magnifies the effect which the density has on the relaxation dynamics. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil; casalini@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 90 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 13 AR 134505 DI 10.1063/1.1863173 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 916MP UT WOS:000228390100033 PM 15847479 ER PT J AU Krafft, AE Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW McCall, S Irvine, M Daum, LT Connoly, JL Reid, AH Gaydos, JC Taubenberger, JK AF Krafft, AE Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW McCall, S Irvine, M Daum, LT Connoly, JL Reid, AH Gaydos, JC Taubenberger, JK TI Evaluation of PCR testing of ethanol-fixed nasal swab specimens as augmented surveillance strategy for influenza virus and adenovirus identification SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RT-PCR; RAPID DETECTION; US MILITARY; B VIRUSES; TIME; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Viral culture isolation has been widely accepted as the "gold standard" for laboratory confirmation of viral infection; however, it requires ultralow temperature specimen storage. Storage of specimens in ethanol at room temperature could expand our ability to conduct active surveillance and retrospective screenings of viruses with rapid and inexpensive real-time PCR tests, including isolates from remote regions where freezing specimens for culture is not feasible. Molecular methods allow for rapid identification of viral pathogens without the need to maintain viability. We hypothesized that ethanol, while inactivating viruses, can preserve DNA and RNA for PCR-based methods. To evaluate the use of ethanol-stored specimens for augmenting surveillance for detection of influenza viruses A and B and adenoviruses (AdV), paired nasal swab specimens were collected from 384 recruits with febrile respiratory illness at Fort Jackson, S.C., in a 2-year study. One swab was stored at ambient temperature in 100% ethanol for up to 6 months, and the other swab was stored at -70 degrees C in viral medium. For viral detection, frozen specimens were cultured for a variety of respiratory viruses, and ethanol-fixed specimens were tested with TaqMan (TM) probe and LightCycler SYBR green (SG) melting curve assays with at least two different PCR targets for each virus. The sensitivities of the TM and SG assays on specimens stored in ethanol for 1 month were 75% and 58% for influenza A, 89% and 67% for influenza B, and 93 to 98% and 57% for AdV, respectively. Lower specificities of the real-time assays corresponded to the increased detection of PCR-positive but culture-negative specimens. Influenza virus RNA was detected as well or better after 6 months of storage in ethanol. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mol Virol Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Moncrief Army Hosp, Ft Jackson, SC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Respons, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Krafft, AE (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM A.Krafft@afip.osd.mil NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1768 EP 1775 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1768-1775.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100040 PM 15814997 ER PT J AU Nasr, V AF Nasr, V TI The rise of "Muslim Democracy" SO JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nasr, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1045-5736 J9 J DEMOCR JI J. Democr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 920JX UT WOS:000228686300002 ER PT J AU Manivannan, A Ramakrishnan, L Seehra, MS Granite, E Butler, JE Tryk, DA Fujishima, A AF Manivannan, A Ramakrishnan, L Seehra, MS Granite, E Butler, JE Tryk, DA Fujishima, A TI Mercury detection at boron doped diamond electrodes using a rotating disk technique SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE boron-doped diamond; differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry; mercury detection ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; IONIC MERCURY; SURFACE; LEAD; SPECTROMETRY; DEPOSITION; PLATINUM AB Quantification of mercury ions at the ppt level is reported using highly boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrodes by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV experiments were performed in nitrate, thiocyanate and chloride media. Investigation in chloride medium is important since practical samples usually contain chloride impurities. The formation of calomel in a chloride medium on the BDD surface is avoided by the co-deposition of purposely-added gold (3 ppm) during DPV detection. Excellent linear calibration plots have been obtained in all media for ppb ranges. Mercury in the 0.005-50 ppb range has been detected using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique in real samples (KCI impinger solutions) prepared from flue gas released by a pilot-scale coal-fired combustion facility. A portable instrument has also been used for the detection of mercury efficiently. These studies have demonstrated that BDD mounted in an RDE system together with gold co-deposition is able to detect mercury with sufficient sensitivity for practical analysis of environmental samples. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Kanagawa Acad Sci & Technol, Takatsu Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. RP Manivannan, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, POB 6315,Hodges Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM amanivan@wvu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/A-2227-2012; Tryk, Donald/D-5931-2012; Fujishima, Akira/G-7701-2012 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/0000-0003-0676-7918; Tryk, Donald/0000-0003-4660-9674; NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 577 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 911UF UT WOS:000228030100013 ER PT J AU Carter, R AF Carter, R TI Biological gray scale for digital imagery SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID COLOR; BRIGHTNESS; LIGHTNESS AB Biological evolution has adapted human vision to terrestrial light contrasts. Earthly scenes have a typical bimodal contrast histogram, with a reflection mode and a shadow mode. Consequently, human sensitivity to gray-scale differences also is bimodal. Luminance differences are most discriminable at the modal intensities of the terrestrial contrast distribution so that vision conveys maximum information about the world. By inverting this biologic, an image can be computationally adapted to the human visual system. Using Paul Whittle's model of gray-scale sensitivity as a basis, distinct pixel intensities in image data are mapped to optimally discriminable displayed luminances. Since this approach is scene dependent and display dependent, the optimum gray scale must be recomputed for each displayed image, background luminance and display environment. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Carter, R (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 AR 023004 DI 10.1117/1.1900135 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 953GZ UT WOS:000231065900004 ER PT J AU Mohney, S Stahlbush, R Allerman, A AF Mohney, S Stahlbush, R Allerman, A TI Special issue on SiC and the group III nitride semiconductors - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mohney, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 319 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0102-9 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000001 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Irvine, KG Sumakeris, JJ Chow, TP Lossee, PA Zhu, L AF Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Irvine, KG Sumakeris, JJ Chow, TP Lossee, PA Zhu, L TI Planar defects in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; PiN diode; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); stacking fault (SF); dislocations ID I-N-DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE; DISLOCATIONS AB Using plan-view transmission electron microscopy (PVTEM), we have identified stacking faults (SFs) and planar defects in 4H-SiC PiN diodes subjected to electrical bias. Our observations suggest that not all planar defects seen in the PiN diodes are SFs. By performing diffraction-contrast imaging experiments using TEM, we can distinguish SFs from other planar defects. In addition, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging and analytical TEM have revealed that some planar defects consist of a 3-nm-wide SiC amorphous layer. Many of these planar defects are orientated parallel to {1 (1) over bar 00} planes, whereas others are roughly parallel to the (0001) plane. The appearance of these planar defects suggests that they are grain boundaries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0109-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000008 ER PT J AU Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Stahlbush, RE MacMillan, MF AF Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Stahlbush, RE MacMillan, MF TI Cross-polarization imaging and micro-raman detection of defects in the epitaxy of 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE confocal micro-Raman; cross polarized imaging; 4H-SiC; structural defects; inclusions ID POWER DEVICES; SILICON-CARBIDE; DIODES; FILMS; SI AB Cross-polarized imaging with an optical scanner and confocal mu-Raman spectroscopy have been used to reveal and to study structural defects in n-4H-SiC. We introduce a new method of polarized imaging that uses a combination of linear and circular polarization, which enhances contrast in images of defect regions. Regions that show intensity contrast have been observed to have characteristics of either low-angle grain boundaries or sharp lines of delineation between low and high strain areas. Different types of polytype inclusions have also been observed, and the material within the inclusions has been shown to be either 3C-SiC or 6H-SiC. Polytype inclusions occur as isolated features or form cores of holes, and they can form at any point of the growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glembocki@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0115-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 919QP UT WOS:000228633000014 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Williams, SR AF Carstairs, SD Williams, SR TI Overdose of aripiprazole, a new type of antipsychotic SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aripiprazole; antipsychotic; overdose; poisoning ID PARTIAL AGONIST AB Aripiprazole is the first member of a new class of antipsychotic medications. Unlike other antipsychotics, it acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D, and 5-HT1A receptors, thereby mitigating most of the adverse reactions such as extrapyramidal side effects and hyperprolactinemia. Additionally, most research to date has suggested a low incidence of QTc prolongation and orthostatic hypotension at therapeutic doses. Experience in the setting of intentional overdose, however, is limited. We present a case of a 27-year-old woman who intentionally ingested 330 mg of aripiprazole in a suicide attempt. Clinical effects were limited to mild sedation. Serum levels performed by the drug's manufacturer confirmed a total level (parent drug and active metabolite) of 716 ng/mL, nearly six times the upper limit of accepted therapeutic levels. This suggests that aripiprazole's therapeutic index is quite high and reinforces the drug's known safety profile. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Calif Poison Control Syst, San Diego Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.09.013 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 908LT UT WOS:000227789200012 PM 15769575 ER PT J AU Folk, RB Thorpe, JR McClanahan, SB Johnson, JD Strother, JM AF Folk, RB Thorpe, JR McClanahan, SB Johnson, JD Strother, JM TI Comparison of two different direct digital radiography systems for the ability to detect artificially prepared periapical lesions SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID BONY LESIONS AB The purpose of this study was to compare Schick CDR and Trophy RVGui direct digital radiography (DDR) systems for the ability to detect periapical lesions in human cadaver mandibles. Digital radiographs were exposed of teeth with normal periapical areas and of teeth with artificially prepared periapical lesions using both DDR systems. Three examiners independently viewed the images at two different time periods and estimated which bony state was present. The resulting data were subjected to statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA. Interexaminer variability was statistically analyzed using Spearman's rho. There was no significant difference in the level of accuracy between the two different DDR systems at either observation period. There was a statistically significant high level of agreement between examiners (p < 0.01). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of detecting artificially prepared periapical lesions between Schick CDR and Trophy RVGui DDR systems. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Res Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000140571.23012.ff PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 911QG UT WOS:000228018800012 PM 15793390 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD TI Preparation, characterization, and properties of 7-nitrotetrazolo [1,5-f]furazano[4,5-b]pyridine 1-oxide SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE azido-tetrazolo tautomerism; azido-nitro nitrogen heterocycles; high-nitrogen materials; synthesis; characterization; properties ID AMINO-ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; BRAIN; NMR AB The synthesis, characterization, and properties of 7-nitrotetrazolo[ 1,5-f] furazano[4,5-b] pyridine 1-oxide (NFP) are reported. NFP is prepared by the diazotization of 3,6-di(hydrazino)-3,5-di( nitro) pyridine followed by the extrusion of molecular dinitrogen and ring closure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp DX2, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1080/07370650590936424 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 962FI UT WOS:000231716000003 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Luzum, BJ Ray, JR AF Johnson, TJ Luzum, BJ Ray, JR TI Improved near-term Earth rotation predictions using atmospheric angular momentum analysis and forecasts SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE earth rotation; atmosphere; angular momentum; length of day; earth orientation prediction ID LENGTH; MODEL AB Predicted values of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were introduced into the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Bulletin A (rapid service/prediction of Earth orientation) combination during 2000 in an effort to improve the near-term universal time-coordinated universal time (UT1-UTC) predictions. In this approach, only the atmospheric contributions to the excitation of UT1 variations were included and contributions from other sources, such as the oceans, were neglected. However, we observed that using this approach the AAM inputs sometimes degraded the UT1 predictions as much as they helped and suspended their use in early 2001 for re-evaluation. This re-evaluation resulted in a greater appreciation of the systematic differences between the AAM and UT1R series as well as suo-ests that, in the actual Earth system, the oceans balance some of the atmospheric variability on specific time scales between 2 and 15 days. Since near-real time oceanic angular momentum information is currently not available, an improved approach for assimilating AAM data products was developed. These improvements include the use of both pressure and wind AAM terms, use of the previously unavailable AAM analysis data at the 24-h epoch for the latest AAM analysis file, smoothing of the AAM-based Length of day (LOD) to reduce sub-diurnal variability before integrating to UT1R, and removal of a best-fit sinusoid from the AAM UT1R time series. The new procedure reduces the effects of systematic trends (both periodic and linear) that do not appear to be present in actual UT1R variability. Retrospective studies indicate that including this new AAM-derived series may reduce UT1R prediction errors by -41 % at 5 days into the future. Consequently, AAM-derived estimates of UT1R were restored to IERS Bulletin A starting in the 7 August 2001 issue. Comparisons made after the addition of UTAAM into the Bulletin A UT1-UTC combination solution indicate a better than 50% reduction in prediction errors at 5 and 10 days into the future and an similar to 1 ms improvement at 30 days into the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NGS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM johnson.thomas@usno.navy.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jog.2004.10.004 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 918SE UT WOS:000228567100002 ER PT J AU Gokemeijer, NJ Clinton, TW Crawford, TM Johnson, M AF Gokemeijer, NJ Clinton, TW Crawford, TM Johnson, M TI Direct measurement of the field from a magnetic recording head using an InAs Hall sensor on a contact write/read tester SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS 04) CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Dresden, GERMANY DE devices; Hall effect; information storage-magnetic recording heads; magnetic imaging ID DYNAMIC COERCIVITY MEASUREMENTS AB At 1 Tbit/in(2) a real density magnetic recording dimensions, reliable magnetic field metrology does not exist. One technique to map the spatial profile of the magnetic field of a write head is to use a contact read/write tester. A magnetic recording head is brought into contact with a Hall sensor, and is subsequently scanned with nm resolution. For a 300 nm track width longitudinal recording head, the magnetic field of the head was mapped. Measurements include the down track field gradient and cross-track field profile and the current-field transfer curve. These results suggest this technique offers a viable write field metrology. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gokemeijer, NJ (reprint author), Seagate Res, 1251 Waterfront Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM nils.gokemeijer@seagate.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 290 SI SI BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.195 PN 1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 922KU UT WOS:000228837600061 ER PT J AU Hagan, KJ AF Hagan, KJ TI The midshipman culture and educational reform: The US Naval Academy 1946-76. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hagan, KJ (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 602 EP 603 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0097 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 912ME UT WOS:000228081800061 ER PT J AU Trotter, H Phillips, R Ni, B Hu, YH Sinnott, SB Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Trotter, H Phillips, R Ni, B Hu, YH Sinnott, SB Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA TI Effect of filling on the compressibility of carbon nanotubes: Predictions from molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; filling; compression; buckling force; mechanical properties ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; DIAMOND NANOWIRES; ENCAPSULATED C-60; BUNDLES; HYDROCARBONS; STABILITY; METHANE AB The compressibility of filled and empty (10, 10) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is examined using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The filled nanotubes contain C(60), CH(4), Ne, n-C(4)H(10), and n-C(4)H(7) molecules that are covalently cross-linked to the inner CNT walls. In addition, nanotubes filled with either a hydrogen-terminated carbon nanowire or a carbon nanotube of comparable diameter is also considered. The forces on the atoms are calculated using a many-body reactive empirical bond-order potential and the adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond-order potential for hydrocarbons. The butane-filled system shows a unique yielding behavior prior to buckling that has not been observed previously. Cross-linking the molecules to the inner CNT walls is not predicted to affect the stiffness of the filled nanotube systems and removes the yielding response. The mechanical response of the nanowire filled CNT is remarkably similar to the response of the similarly sized multiwalled CNT. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON, Canada. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sinnott, SB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Sinnott, Susan/P-8523-2014 OI Sinnott, Susan/0000-0002-3598-0403 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.081 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 926JP UT WOS:000229119800004 PM 16004116 ER PT J AU Cerel, J Roberts, TA Nilsen, WJ AF Cerel, J Roberts, TA Nilsen, WJ TI Peer suicidal behavior and adolescent risk behavior SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article DE suicide; adolescent; peer; risk behavior ID HEALTH; COMPLETERS; ATTEMPTERS; EXPOSURE AB The relationship between adolescent suicide attempts and death by suicide and psychosocial functioning of peers remains poorly understood, especially in the myriad ways that these suicidal behaviors might impact friends. This study explored the relationship between peer suicidal behavior and adolescent risk behavior using a large, nationally representative sample of adolescents (N = 5852). Results indicate that youth exposed to peer suicidal behavior are significantly more likely to have their own suicidal ideation and attempts, and to smoke cigarettes and marijuana, binge drink, be involved in a serious physical fight, and have inflicted injuries that require medical attention. These results highlight the need for professionals to be aware of these risks in friends of those who have attempted or died by suicide. Assessment and intervention for peers is appropriate and required for this at-risk group. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Cerel, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. OI Cerel, Julie/0000-0002-4534-5526 FU NIMH NIH HHS [T32 MH020061]; PHS HHS [5T71MC00012-04] NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 193 IS 4 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000158377.42920.0a PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 914LV UT WOS:000228230100003 PM 15805819 ER PT J AU Goldstein, LJ Hattendorf, JB Zhukov, YM AF Goldstein, LJ Hattendorf, JB Zhukov, YM TI The cold war at sea: An international appraisal introduction SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cold War at sea; conference security cooperation; navy C1 USN, War Coll, Maritime Hist Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Goldstein, LJ (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Maritime Hist Dept, 686 Cushinging Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1080/01402390500088221 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 928QP UT WOS:000229287100001 ER PT J AU Winkler, DF AF Winkler, DF TI The evolution and significance of the 1972 incidents at sea agreement SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cold War at Sea CY MAY 07-08, 2004 CL USN War Coll, Newport, RI HO USN War Coll DE INCSEA; Soviet navy; collision at sea; secretary of navy John Warner AB As a consequence of the rapid growth of Soviet maritime power during the 1960s, hazardous incidents at sea and in the air became a regular part of the Cold War. Eventually, both Washington and Moscow came to recognize the importance of an agreement limiting this perilous set of interactions, resulting in the Incidents at Sea Agreement that was signed in May 1972. The set of rules and procedures agreed upon helped to calm tensions in subsequent crises and provides ample lessons for placing reasonable limits on other tense maritime rivalries. C1 USN, Hist Fdn, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Winkler, DF (reprint author), USN, Hist Fdn, 1306 Dahlgren Ave,SE,Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC 20374 USA. EM dwinkler@navyhistory.com NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 361 EP 377 DI 10.1080/01402390500088395 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 928QP UT WOS:000229287100010 ER PT J AU Diachok, O Wales, S AF Diachok, O Wales, S TI Concurrent inversion of geo- and bio-acoustic parameters from transmission loss measurements in the Yellow Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EAST-CHINA-SEA; SHALLOW-WATER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND-PROPAGATION; PELAGIC FISH; ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; ANCHOVY; ABSORPTIVITY; LIQUIDS AB This paper describes results of a simultaneous inversion of bio-acoustic parameters of fish (anchovies) and geo-acoustic parameters of the bottom from transmission loss (TL) measurements in the Yellow Sea, which were reported by Qiu et al. [J. Sound Vib. 220, 331-342 (1999)]. This data set was selected because the bio-absorptivity at their site was extremely large, 40 dB at 1.3 kHz at 5 km, and measurements were made between multiple source and receiver depths and ranges. Measurements were made at night when anchovies are generally dispersed. Replica fields were calculated with a normal mode model, which incorporates bio-absorption layers. The inversion was based on minimizing the rms difference, Delta, between measured and. calculated values of TL at all ranges and source and receiver depths, and involved a simultaneous search for bio-layer depth, bio-layer thickness, bio-alpha, geo-sound speed, and geo-alpha. The resultant small value of Delta, +/- 1.7 dB, confirmed that the model, which was assumed in replica field calculations, was realistic, and that inverted parameters were meaningful. In particular, the inverted depth of the bio-absorption layer, 6.9 +/- 0.3 m, was consistent with theoretical calculations of the depth, 5.8 +/- 1 m, of 10-cm-long anchovies Engraulis japonicus, the dominant species in the Yellow Sea. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM OrestDia@aol.com NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 1965 EP 1976 DI 10.1121/1.1862093 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 919OW UT WOS:000228628400026 PM 15898641 ER PT J AU Ratilal, P Lai, Y Symonds, DT Ruhlmann, LA Preston, JR Scheer, EK Garr, MT Holland, CW Goff, JA Makris, NC AF Ratilal, P Lai, Y Symonds, DT Ruhlmann, LA Preston, JR Scheer, EK Garr, MT Holland, CW Goff, JA Makris, NC TI Long range acoustic imaging of the continental shelf environment: The Acoustic Clutter Reconnaissance Experiment 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; OCEAN WAVE-GUIDE; OBJECT SCATTERING; FRONTAL STRUCTURE; STRATIFIED MEDIUM; REVERBERATION; MORPHOLOGY; RIDGE; SEA AB An active sonar system is used to image wide areas of the continental shelf environment by long-range echo sounding at low frequency. The bistatic system, deployed in the STRATAFORM area south of Long Island in April-May of 2001, imaged a large number of prominent clutter events over ranges spanning tens of kilometers in near real time. Roughly 3000 waveforms were transmitted into the water column. Wide-area acoustic images of the ocean environment were generated in near real time for each transmission. Between roughly 10 to more than 100 discrete and localized scatterers were registered for each image. This amounts to a total of at least 30000 scattering events that could be confused with those from submerged vehicles over the period of the experiment. Bathymetric relief in the STRATAFORM area is extremely benign, with slopes typically less than 0.5 degrees according to high resolution (30 m sampled) bathymetric data. Most of the clutter occurs in regions where the bathymetry is locally level and does not coregister with seafloor features. No statistically significant difference is found in the frequency of occurrence per unit area of repeatable clutter inside versus outside of areas occupied by subsurface river channels. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Saclant Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Ratilal, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM purnima@ece.neu.edu RI Goff, John/B-9972-2008 OI Goff, John/0000-0001-9246-5048 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 1977 EP 1998 DI 10.1121/1.1799252 PN 1 PG 22 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 919OW UT WOS:000228628400027 PM 15898642 ER PT J AU Martin, JS Rogers, PH Cudahy, EA AF Martin, JS Rogers, PH Cudahy, EA TI Measurement of the depth-dependent resonance of water-loaded human lungs SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUBBLES; SOUNDS AB An experiment was conducted to determine the response of the human lung to water-borne sound in the range of 20 to 500 Hz. A small pool inside a hyperbaric chamber was used to simulate four ambient pressure conditions spanning the range of recreational diving depths. Ten subjects were tested on two occasions each using three separate measures to evaluate the response of the subjects' lungs. With some notable exceptions, results were consistent between subjects and between measures. These indicate that human lungs can be reasonably modeled as a lumped single-degree-of-freedom system over the lower portion of the band of interest. Here, the surrounding fluid. provides the dominant mass and the dominant stiffness is provided by the entrapped air with a small additional contribution from tissue elasticity. Measured resonances increase with the square root of ambient pressure from an average of 40 Hz with a quality factor of 1.8 at near-surface pressure to 73 Hz with a quality factor of 2.6 at an equivalent depth of 36.4 m. There is evidence of other resonances within or near the band of interest that may be attributable to nonvolumetric chest/lung modes, Helmholtz resonance, and/or resonance of gastrointestinal bubbles. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Martin, JS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 2291 EP 2300 DI 10.1121/1.1858311 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 919OW UT WOS:000228628400054 PM 15898669 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Hale, DA Mannon, RB Cendales, LC Meiner, D Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD AF Elster, EA Hale, DA Mannon, RB Cendales, LC Meiner, D Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD TI Surgical transplant physical examination: Correlation of renal resistance index and biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID DYSFUNCTION; RECIPIENTS; SURVIVAL AB BACKGROUND: Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) remains the leading cause of late renal allograft loss that is minimally responsive to therapy once graft dysfunction is clinically evident. A screening test capable of identifying individuals at high risk for CAN would be a valuable adjunct to patient care, but to be cost effective, should be administered during routine evaluations by transplantation clinicians. STUDY DESIGN: We have compared the resistive index (RI) as measured by Doppler ultrasonography with subsequent biopsy findings on 91 renal allograft recipients who had a subsequent protocol-directed biopsy at least 3 months after renal transplant. All ultrasonography was performed by the transplantation surgical staff without involving the radiology department or a separate appointment time. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients had RI >= 80 (average 621 days posttransplantation). Among these individuals, the subsequent incidence of CAN was 38%. Length of time between initial assessment of increased RI and biopsy-proved CAN averaged 233 days. The remaining 70 patients with RI < 80 had an incidence of CAN of 11.4% (p = 0.018). There were minimal complications from these biopsies. Sensitivity and specificity of an elevated RI in predicting CAN were 50% and 83%, respectively. The negative predicted value of an elevated RI in determination of CAN was 89%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that elevated RI is an early predictor of histologically relevant CAN, possibly a result of burgeoning vasculopathy. The technical expertise required to make this appraisal is well within the capabilities of transplantation surgeons and trainees. Early evidence of CAN may allow for a targeted change in therapy before clinically significant injury. Ultrasonography should become a routine part of a transplantation clinic evaluation. (c) 2005 by the American College of Surgeons. C1 NIDDKD, Transplantat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Lab Pathol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Radiat & Combat Injury Dept, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Diabet Digest & Kidney Dis, Transplantat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), NIDDKD, Transplantat Branch, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 5-5750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; OI Kleiner, David/0000-0003-3442-4453 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 200 IS 4 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.12.009 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 912NH UT WOS:000228085200008 PM 15804469 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C AF Zhu, X Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C TI The ecological optimization-of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump for a generalized heat transfer law SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; heat transfer law; exergy output rate; entropy generation rate; ecological optimization; irreversible heat pump ID FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE; THERMAL CYCLES; ENGINES; COEFFICIENT; SYSTEMS; REFRIGERATORS; CRITERION; PROPERTY AB The optimal ecological performance of an irreversible Carnot heat pump with the losses of heat resistance, heat leak and internal irreversibility, in which heat transfer between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obeys a generalized heat transfer law q proportional to(Delta T)(n), is derived by considering an ecological optimization criterion as the objective function, which consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the exergy output rate and exergy loss rate (entropy production rate) of the heat pump. Some special examples are discusses. A numerical example is given to show the effects of heat transfer law, heat leakage and internal irreversibility on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat pump. The results can provide some theoretical guidance for the design of practical heat pumps. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Tech Normal Coll, Changzhou 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 54 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1179/174602205X39533 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 940WX UT WOS:000230177700001 ER PT J AU Zien, TF AF Zien, TF TI Integral solutions of droplet freezing problems in hypersonic melting ablation SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID HEAT-TRANSFER; LAYER C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Dev Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Zien, TF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Dev Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.2514/1.8927 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 916UR UT WOS:000228412200014 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Sebo, TJ Blute, ML Zincke, H AF Ward, JF Sebo, TJ Blute, ML Zincke, H TI Salvage surgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: Contemporary outcomes SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; salvage therapy; radiotherapy ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; FAILURE; RADIOTHERAPY; BRACHYTHERAPY; CRYOTHERAPY; PREDICTORS; CARCINOMA AB Purpose: We present a 30-year experience with performing salvage surgery in patients with persistent prostate cancer (PCA) after definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Patients with biopsy proven PCA following definitive radiotherapy who underwent salvage surgery were identified retrospectively (1967 to 2000). Prostate specimens were evaluated by a single pathologist. Progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) estimates were made with multivariate analysis of outcome predictors. Complications were reviewed. Results: Sufficient information was available on 199 patients, including 138 with retropubic prostatectomy (RP) and 61 with cystoprostatectomies (CP). Median followup was 7.0 years. Rectal injury rates (5% for RP and 10% for CP) remained stable, while transfused units of blood decreased. Urinary extravasation (15% of cases) and bladder neck contracture (22%) were the most common complications. Urinary continence (0 pads) improved from 43% to 56% of patients (p = 0.17) with an additional 20% requiring I or fewer pad daily. Overall 10-year CSS in all patients undergoing salvage surgery was 65%. Patients undergoing RP fared better than those needing CP (10-year CSS 77% VS 38%, p < 0.001 and median PFS 8.7 vs. 4.4 years, p < 0.001). Tumor ploidy, percent 4/5 Gleason grade and pathological stage were strong predictors of outcome, while margin status and preoperative prostate specific antigen had minimal predictive strength. Conclusions: Significant PFS and CSS can be expected following salvage surgery for radioresistant PCA. Several pathological features of the removed prostate are predictive of survival. The surgical risks of salvage surgery are now defined. Morbidity rates, including continence, have moderately improved with time. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Anat Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jfward@mar.med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 173 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1160 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000155534.54711.60 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 907AS UT WOS:000227687600022 PM 15758726 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Busse, LE Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Kung, FH Shaw, LB Chenard, F AF Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Busse, LE Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Kung, FH Shaw, LB Chenard, F TI Chalcogenide optical fibers target mid-IR applications SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat Res Grp, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. CorAct High Tech, Corp Dev, Quebec City, PQ G2C 1S9, Canada. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat Res Grp, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 921BS UT WOS:000228739800028 ER PT J AU Cook, WD Golany, B Kress, M Penn, M Raviv, T AF Cook, WD Golany, B Kress, M Penn, M Raviv, T TI Optimal allocation of proposals to reviewers to facilitate effective ranking SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE peer review; ranking procedures; set covering AB Peer review of research proposals and articles is an essential element in research and development processes worldwide. Here we consider a problem that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been addressed until now: how to assign subsets of proposals to reviewers in scenarios where the reviewers supply their evaluations through ordinal ranking. The solution approach we propose for this assignment problem maximizes the number of proposal pairs that will be evaluated by one or more reviewers. This new approach should facilitate meaningful aggregation of partial rankings of subsets of proposals by multiple reviewers into a consensus ranking. We offer two ways to implement the approach: an integer-programming set-covering model and a heuristic procedure. The effectiveness and efficiency of the two models are tested through an extensive simulation experiment. C1 York Univ, Schulich Sch Business, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Ind Engn & Management, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Ctr Mil Anal, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cook, WD (reprint author), York Univ, Schulich Sch Business, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM wcook@schulich.yorku.ca; golany@ie.technion.ac.il; mkress@ie.technion.ac.il; mpenn@ie.technion.ac.il; tal.raviv@sauder.ubc.ca RI Raviv, Tal/K-4218-2012; Raviv, Tal/K-2981-2013 OI Raviv, Tal/0000-0002-5960-2386; Raviv, Tal/0000-0002-5960-2386 NR 12 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0025-1909 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 51 IS 4 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1287/mnsc.1040.0290 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 927WU UT WOS:000229232000010 ER PT J AU Rais-Rohani, M Eamon, CD Keesecker, AL AF Rais-Rohani, M Eamon, CD Keesecker, AL TI Structural analysis and sizing optimization of a composite advanced sail design concept SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB Numerical design optimization coupled with finite-element analysis is applied to an advanced design concept for a submarine sail structure made of composite materials. Through a detailed design sensitivity analysis, the influence of stiffener and skin sizing on the weight and buckling characteristics of the sail structure is quantified. Furthermore, the sail is optimized for minimum weight under a severe loading condition based on two alternative discretization concepts for modeling the variations in skin thickness. The design constraints include the lower-bound limits on load factors corresponding to the lowest 10 buckling modes as well as the allowable normal and shear strains in each ply. The sizing optimization problem is solved using the modified exterior penalty function method. The results indicate that depending on the discretization concept, it is possible to reduce the structural weight by as much as 14% over the baseline model while meeting all the structural design criteria. As part of the postoptimization evaluation of the optimal design models, such response characteristics as the linear and nonlinear buckling were evaluated under a diverse set of loading conditions with the results showing a similar or superior performance as compared to the baseline model. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rais-Rohani, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 914KV UT WOS:000228227400002 ER PT J AU Boyd, TJ Wolgast, DM Rivera-Duarte, I Holm-Hansen, O Hewes, CD Zirino, A Chadwick, DB AF Boyd, TJ Wolgast, DM Rivera-Duarte, I Holm-Hansen, O Hewes, CD Zirino, A Chadwick, DB TI Effects of dissolved and complexed copper on heterotrophic bacterial production in San Diego Bay SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; TRACE-METALS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ESTUARINE WATER; SURFACE WATERS; GALVESTON BAY AB Bacterial abundance and production, free (uncomplexed) copper ion concentration, total dissolved copper concentration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total suspended solids (TSS), and chlorophyll a were measured over the course of 1 year in a series of 27 sample "Boxes" established within San Diego Bay. Water was collected through a trace metal-clean system so that each Box's sample was a composite of all the surface water in that Box. Bacterial production, chlorophyll a, TSS, DOC, and dissolved copper all generally increased from Box 1 at the mouth of the Bay to Box 27 in the South or back Bay. Free copper ion concentration generally decreased from Box 1 to Box 27 presumably due to increasing complexation capacity within natural waters. Based on correlations between TSS, chlorophyll a, bacterial production or DOC and the ratio of dissolved to free Cu ion, both DOC and particulate (bacteria and algae) fractions were potentially responsible for copper complexation, each at different times of the year. CuCl2 was added to bacterial production assays from 0 to 10 mu g L-1 to assess acute copper toxicity to the natural microbial assemblage. Interestingly, copper toxicity appeared to increase with decreases in free copper from the mouth of the Bay to the back Bay. This contrasts the free-ion activity model in which higher complexation capacity should afford greater copper protection. When cell-specific growth rates were calculated, faster growing bacteria (i.e. toward the back Bay) appeared to be more susceptible to free copper toxicity. The protecting effect of natural dissolved organic material (DOM) concentrated by tangential flow ultrafiltration (> 1 kDa), illite and kaolinite minerals, and glutathione (a metal chelator excreted by algae under copper stress) was assessed in bacterial production assays. Only DOM concentrate offered any significant protection to bacterial production under increased copper concentrations. Although the potential copper protecting agents were allowed to interact with added copper before natural bacteria were added to production assays, there may be a temporal dose-response relationship that accounts for higher toxicity in short production assays. Regardless, it appears that effective natural complexation of copper in the back portions of San Diego Bay limits exposure of native bacterial assemblages to free copper ion, resulting in higher bacterial production. C1 USN, MBG, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, IOD, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Diego, Marine Environm Qual Branch D362, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, MBRD, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, MBG, Res Lab, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tboyd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1065-0 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 946IT UT WOS:000230566300002 PM 15827833 ER PT J AU Bohman, HR Stevens, RA Baker, BC Chambers, LW AF Bohman, HR Stevens, RA Baker, BC Chambers, LW TI The US Navy's forward resuscitative surgery system during operation Iraqi freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMBAT CASUALTIES; BATTLEFIELD AB The forward resuscitative surgery system (FRSS) is the Navy's most forward-deployed echelon R medical unit. Between March and August 2003, six FRSS teams were deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). During the combat phase of OIF (March 21 to May 1, 2003), a total of 34 Marine Corps and 62 Iraqi patients underwent treatment at a FRSS. FRSS teams were assigned two distinct missions; "forward" FRSS teams operated with combat service support elements in direct support of regimental combat teams, and "jump" FRSS teams served as a forward element of a surgical company. This article presents the experiences of the FRSS teams in OIF, including a discussion of time to presentation from wounding, time to operation, time to evacuation, and lessons learned from the deployment of the FRSS. C1 Med Battal 1st, FSSG 1, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Med Battal 4th, FSSG 4, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Bohman, HR (reprint author), Med Battal 1st, FSSG 1, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 170 IS 4 BP 297 EP 301 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JK UT WOS:000235831200010 PM 15916298 ER PT J AU Larson, VE Golaz, JC AF Larson, VE Golaz, JC TI Using probability density functions to derive consistent closure relationships among higher-order moments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MASS-FLUX APPROACH; PDF-BASED MODEL; TURBULENCE CLOSURE; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SMALL-SCALE; PART I; CLOUDS AB Parameterizations of turbulence often predict several lower-order moments and make closure assumptions for higher-order moments. In principle, the low- and high-order moments share the same probability density function (PDF). One closure assumption, then, is the shape of this family of PDFs. When the higher-order moments involve both velocity and thermodynamic scalars, often the PDF shape has been assumed to be a double or triple delta function. This is equivalent to assuming a mass-flux model with no subplume variability. However, PDF families other than delta functions can be assumed. This is because the assumed PDF methodology is fairly general. This paper proposes closures for several third- and fourth-order moments. To derive the closures, the moments are assumed to be consistent with a particular PDF family, namely, a mixture of two trivariate Gaussians. (This PDF is also called a double Gaussian or binormal PDF by some authors.) Separately from the PDF assumption, the paper also proposes a simplified relationship between scalar and velocity skewnesses. This PDF family and skewness relationship are simple enough to yield simple, analytic closure formulas relating the moments. If certain conditions hold, this set of moments is specifically realizable. By this it is meant that the set of moments corresponds to a real Gaussian-mixture PDF, one that is normalized and nonnegative everywhere. This paper compares the new closure formulas with both large eddy simulations (LESs) and closures based on double and triple delta PDFs. This paper does not implement the closures in a single-column model and test them interactively. Rather, the comparisons are diagnostic; that is, low-order moments are extracted from the LES and treated as givens that are input into the closures. This isolates errors in the closures from errors in a single-column model. The test cases are three atmospheric boundary layers: a trade wind cumulus layer, a stratocumulus layer, and a clear convective case. The new closures have shortcomings, but nevertheless are superior to the double or triple delta closures in most of the cases tested. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. RP Larson, VE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM vlarson@uwm.edu RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1042 DI 10.1175/MWR2902.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917EK UT WOS:000228438800020 ER PT J AU Tian, ML Xu, SY Wang, JG Kumar, N Wertz, E Li, Q Campbell, PM Chan, MHW Mallouk, TE AF Tian, ML Xu, SY Wang, JG Kumar, N Wertz, E Li, Q Campbell, PM Chan, MHW Mallouk, TE TI Penetrating the oxide barrier in situ and separating freestanding porous anodic alumina films in one step SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; BISMUTH NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MEMBRANES; ELECTRODEPOSITION; NANOMATERIALS; FABRICATION; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; NICKEL AB A simple method for penetrating the barrier layer of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film and for detaching the AAO film from residual Al foil was developed by reversing the bias voltage in situ after the anodization process is completed. With this technique, we have been able to obtain large pieces of free-standing AAO membranes with regular pore sizes of sub-10 nm. By combining Ar ion milling and wetting enhancement processes, Au nanowires were grown in the sub-10 nm pores of the AAO films, Further scaling down of the pore size and extension to the deposition of nanowires and nanotubes of materials other than Au should be possible by further optimizing this procedure. C1 Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tian, ML (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mut1@psu.edu; tom@chem.spu.edu RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 34 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 9 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1021/nl0501112 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 917NI UT WOS:000228468800025 PM 15826111 ER PT J AU Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ AF Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ TI Detection limits for nanoscale biosensors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; CHEMICAL SENSORS; DESIGN; SURFACES; DEVICES; PLANAR; FLOW AB We examine through analytical calculations and finite element simulations how the detection efficiency of disk and wire-like biosensors in unmixed fluids varies with size from the micrometer to nanometer scales. Specifically, we determine the total flux of DNA-like analyte molecules on a sensor as a function of time and flow rate for a sensor incorporated into a microfluidic system. In all cases, sensor size and shape profoundly affect the total analyte flux. The calculations reveal that reported femtomolar detection limits for biomolecular assays are very likely an analyte transport limitation, not a signal transduction limitation. We conclude that without directed transport of biomolecules, individual nanoscale sensors will be limited to picomolar-order sensitivity for practical time scales. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 32 TC 317 Z9 319 U1 3 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 803 EP 807 DI 10.1021/nl050298x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 917NI UT WOS:000228468800046 PM 15826132 ER PT J AU Kanbach, G Andritschke, R Zoglauer, A Ajello, M McConnell, ML Macri, JR Ryan, JM Bloser, P Hunter, S DiCocco, G Kurfess, J Reglero, V AF Kanbach, G Andritschke, R Zoglauer, A Ajello, M McConnell, ML Macri, JR Ryan, JM Bloser, P Hunter, S DiCocco, G Kurfess, J Reglero, V TI Development and calibration of the tracking Compton/Pair telescope MEGA SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN SP Hiroshima Univ, Fac Sci DE DSSD tracking detector; CsI/PIN diode calorimeter; Compton telescope; gamma-ray astronomy; medium gamma-ray energies; MEGA ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; MISSION AB We describe the development and tests of the prototype for a new telescope for Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (MEGA) in the energy band 0.4-50 MeV. As a successor to COMPTEL and EGRET (at low energies), MEGA aims to improve the sensitivity for astronomical sources by at least an order of magnitude. It could thus fill the severe sensitivity gap between scheduled or operating hard-X-ray and high-energy gamma-ray missions and open the way for a future Advanced Compton Telescope. MEGA records and images gamma-rays by completely tracking Compton and Pair creation events in a stack of double-sided Si-strip track detectors surrounded by a pixelated CsI calorimeter. A scaled down prototype has been built and we describe technical details of its design and properties. Results from calibrations using radioactive sources and from measurements with an accelerator generated, fully polarized, gamma-ray beam are presented and an outlook to future plans with MEGA is given. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NC USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, IASF, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Valencia, GACE, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Kanbach, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. EM gok@mpe.mpg.de RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 541 IS 1-2 BP 310 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.071 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 919LX UT WOS:000228620600041 ER PT J AU Lund, JD Rohrer, JE Goldfarb, S AF Lund, JD Rohrer, JE Goldfarb, S TI Patient gender preferences in a large military teaching hospital SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMENS CHOICE; GYNECOLOGIST; OBSTETRICIAN AB OBJECTIVE: To quantify preferences for female providers among obstetric-gynecology patients in a large military teaching hospital in California. METHODS: A questionnaire regarding patient preferences for female provider was distributed to and collected from 1,544 obstetric-gynecology patients over a two-month period. Responses were tabulated overall and for several demographic subgroups. RESULTS: Sixty percent of respondents indicated they had no provider gender preference or they preferred a male. Significant ethnic preferences were noted among Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native-American women. junior officers, wives, and daughters of service members also showed a greater preference for a female physician provider. CONCLUSION: The majority of obstetric-gynecology patients surveyed had no strong preferences for female providers. In the interest of patient satisfaction, where strong gender preferences exist, attempts to accommodate could be made without overburdening female staff. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Lund, JD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr Amarillo, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM jon.lund@ttuhsc.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 105 IS 4 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000156297.25395.e4 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 910WK UT WOS:000227962700010 PM 15802400 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Local density of states and order parameter configurations in layered ferromagnet-superconductor structures SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE proximity effect; local DOS; nanostructures; superconductors; magnets; nanotechnology; pi-junctions ID METAL; BILAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATIONS; CONTACT AB We analyze the local density of states (LDOS) of heterostructures consisting of alternating ferromagnet, F, and superconductor, S, layers. We consider structures of the SFS and SFSFSFS type, with thin nanometer scale F and S layers, within the ballistic regime. The spin-splitting effects of the ferromagnet and the mutual coupling between the S regions, yield several nontrivial stable and metastable pair amplitude configurations, and we find that the details of the spatial behavior of the pair amplitude govern the calculated electronic spectra. These are reflected in discernible signatures of the LDOS. The roles that the magnetic exchange energy, interface scattering strength, and the Fermi wave-vector mismatch each have on the LDOS for the different allowed junction configurations, are systematically investigated. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.haltermail@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 420 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.02.004 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 915OJ UT WOS:000228313300007 ER PT J AU Baker, LA Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ AF Baker, LA Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ TI Hydrogen termination following Cu deposition on Si(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECT STRUCTURE; GROWTH MODE; SILICON; SI(100); COPPER; CU/SI(100)2X1; INTERFACES AB We describe the surface structures following submonolayer Cu deposition on Si(001) and subsequent hydrogen termination as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy. Cu adsorption at 870 K results in a characteristic (2x8) island+vacancy structure, as previously reported. In addition, occasional structures are observed attributed to Cu in surface interstitial sites. After H termination, the dominant features of the island+vacancy structure remain, but the size and distribution of the structures are significantly altered. Based on the atomic-scale appearance of both the clean and H-terminated structures, we propose that within the (2x8) island+vacancy structure all surface atoms are Si, with all Cu subsurface, contrary to previous structural models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baker, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laracuente@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Lane/B-6452-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 15 AR 153302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.153302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921KJ UT WOS:000228762900010 ER PT J AU Batteh, ET Cheng, J Chen, G Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D AF Batteh, ET Cheng, J Chen, G Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D TI Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy of fluctuation quantum dots: Evidence for coupling between quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; BIEXCITONS; EXCITON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MOLECULES; STATES AB We report nonlinear spectroscopy spectra of GaAs quantum dots showing an induced absorption-like feature. Although similar to the nonlinear signature of the bound biexciton state, this feature is distinct from the former and taken together with the photoluminescence spectra is explained within the context of a model describing the coherent coupling of distinct quantum dots. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batteh, ET (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, 1200 Joe Hall Dr,POB 990, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 15 AR 155327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.155327 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921KJ UT WOS:000228762900088 ER PT J AU Liu X Metcalf, TH Mosaner, P Miotello, A AF Liu, X Metcalf, TH Mosaner, P Miotello, A TI Microstructure dependence of low-temperature elastic properties in amorphous diamondlike carbon films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THERMAL-EXPANSION COEFFICIENT; INTERNAL-FRICTION; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TUNNELING STATES; GLASSES; SOLIDS; MODULUS AB We have studied the internal friction and the relative change in the speed of sound of amorphous diamondlike carbon films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition from 0.3 K to room temperature. Like most amorphous solids, the internal friction below 10 K exhibits a temperature independent plateau. The values of the internal friction plateaus, however, are slightly below the universal glassy range where the internal frictions of almost all amorphous solids lie. Similar observations have been made in our earlier studies in the thin films of amorphous silicon and amorphous germanium, and the behavior could be well accounted for by the existence of the low-energy atomic tunneling states. In this work, we have varied the concentration of sp(3) vs sp(2) carbon atoms by increasing the laser fluence from 1.5 to 30 J/cm(2). Our results show that both the internal friction and the speed of sound have a nonmonotonic dependence on an sp(3)/sp(2) ratio with the values of the internal friction plateaus varying between 6x10(-5) and 1.1x10(-4). We explain our findings as a result of a possible competition between the increase of atomic bonding and the increase of internal strain in the films, both of which are important in determining the tunneling states in amorphous solids. In contrast, no significant dependence of laser fluence is found in shear moduli of the films, which vary between 220 and 254 GPa. The temperature dependence of the relative change in speed of sound, although it shows a similar nonmonotonic dependence on laser fluence as the internal friction differs from those found in thin films of amorphous silicon and amorphous germanium, which we explain as having the same origin as the anomalous behavior recently observed in the speed of sound of thin nanocrystalline diamond films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Povo, TN, Italy. RP Liu X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 15 AR 155419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.155419 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921KJ UT WOS:000228762900114 ER PT J AU Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Casalini, R AF Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Casalini, R TI Reply to "Comment on 'Correlation between configurational entropy and structural relaxation time in glass-forming liquids' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB In this Reply we show that contrary to the statements of Goldstein, the empirical function we proposed [D. Prevosto, M. Lucchesi, S. Capaccioli, R. Casalini, and P. A. Rolla, Phys. Rev. B 67, 174202 (2003)] for the pressure and temperature dependencies of the configurational entropy is mathematically and physically valid. Specifically we demonstrate that the condition of equal second derivatives, necessary for the configurational entropy to be a function of state, has physically reasonable solutions without the necessity of imposing implausible constraints. C1 Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM CRS SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Chem Div 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Univ Pisa, INFM, Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 13 AR 136202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.136202 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921JZ UT WOS:000228761800103 ER PT J AU Hayashi, N Kato, T Fukuda, A Vij, JK Panarin, YP Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Kawada, S Kondoh, S AF Hayashi, N Kato, T Fukuda, A Vij, JK Panarin, YP Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Kawada, S Kondoh, S TI Evidence for de Vries structure in a smectic-A liquid crystal observed by polarized Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASES; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR AB The second- and fourth-order apparent orientational order parameters of the core part of the molecule < P-2>(app) and < P-4>(app), have been measured by polarized vibrational Raman spectroscopy for a homogeneously aligned ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal with three dimethyl siloxane groups in the achiral terminal chain, which shows de Vries-type phenomena, i.e., very large electroclinic effect in the smectic-A (Sm-A) phase and a negligible layer contraction at the phase transition between the Sm-A and Sm-C-* phases. The apparent orientational order parameters of the rigid core part of the molecule are extremely small both with and without the external electric field in Sm-A. These results provide evidence for the existence of the de Vries Sm-A phase, where the local molecular director is tilted at a large angle. C1 Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Citizen Watch Co Ltd, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598511, Japan. RP Hayashi, N (reprint author), Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd, 210 Nakanuma, Kanagawa 2500193, Japan. EM naoki_a_hayashi@fujifilm.co.jp; jvij@tcd.ie RI Panarin, Yuri/I-5649-2013 OI Panarin, Yuri/0000-0002-7030-5614 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 041705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.041705 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 921GO UT WOS:000228752400041 PM 15903689 ER PT J AU Djuth, FT Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Bristow, WA Kosch, MJ AF Djuth, FT Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Bristow, WA Kosch, MJ TI Ionospheric modification at twice the electron cyclotron frequency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; POWERFUL RADIO-WAVES; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; HF; ACCELERATION; ENHANCEMENT; ABSORPTION AB In 2004, a new transmission band was added to the HAARP high-frequency ionospheric modification facility that encompasses the second electron cyclotron harmonic at altitudes between similar to 220 and 330 km. Initial observations indicate that greatly enhanced airglow occurs whenever the transmission frequency approximately matches the second electron cyclotron harmonic at the height of the upper hybrid resonance. This is the reverse of what happens at higher electron cyclotron harmonics. The measured optical emissions confirm the presence of accelerated electrons in the plasma. C1 Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YR, England. RP Djuth, FT (reprint author), Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 12 AR 125001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.125001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 912GM UT WOS:000228065600028 PM 15903924 ER PT J AU Crooker, PP Blau, J Colson, WB AF Crooker, PP Blau, J Colson, WB TI Stability of a short Rayleigh length laser resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTORS AB Motivated by the prospect of constructing a short Rayleigh length free-electron laser in a high-vibration environment, we demonstrate the use of a collection of rays to study the effect of mirror vibration and distortion on the behavior of the fundamental optical mode of a cold-cavity resonator. We find that the ray collection accurately describes both on-axis and off-axis optical beams. We show that a tilt or transverse shift of a mirror causes the optical mode to rock about the original resonator axis, while a longitudinal mirror shift or a change in the mirror's radius of curvature causes the beam diameter at a mirror to successively dilate and contract on the mirror. Results are in excellent agreement with analytic calculations and wave front propagation simulations as long as the mirrors remain large with respect to the beam diameter. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Crooker, PP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ppcrooke@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 AR 040703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.040703 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 924RZ UT WOS:000228999300004 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L AF Ganguli, G Rudakov, L TI Magnetodynamics of a multicomponent (dusty) plasma. I. Rotation waves near low-frequency cutoff in a homogeneous medium SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD INHOMOGENEITIES; ALFVEN WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; EQUILIBRIUM DENSITY; SHUKLA MODE; INSTABILITY; MAGNETOPLASMAS; RESONANCE; HE AB By considering one of the species of a two-ion species plasma to be massive charged dust particles, the origin of the low-frequency cutoff in a multispecies plasma is found to be a fluid rotation of the light component with a characteristic frequency, Omega(r) = (Zn-H/n(e))Omega(L), where n(H) and n(e) are densities of the heavy component and electrons, respectively, Z is the charge state of the heavy component, and Omega(L) is the light ion cyclotron frequency. A fluid resonance at omega = Omega(r) modifies the properties of plasma oscillations in the vicinity of the cutoff and gives rise to the rotation waves in a manner similar to the cyclotron waves. The presence of a heavy component leads to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the system. The nonlinear dynamics of such a system consists of a combination of strong and weak turbulence with strong turbulence dominating in the long wavelength and the weak turbulence dominating in the short wavelength. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 AR 042110 DI 10.1063/1.1881512 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 922UR UT WOS:000228865900013 ER PT J AU Boyer, CB Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Pollack, LM Betsinger, K Chang, YJ Kraft, HS Schachter, J AF Boyer, CB Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Pollack, LM Betsinger, K Chang, YJ Kraft, HS Schachter, J TI Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, group, randomized controlled intervention trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies in young women SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted infections; pregnancy; prevention; interventions; randomized controlled trials; human immunodeficiency virus; IMB model; women ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; HIV; DISEASE; GONORRHEA; INSTALLATION; SOLDIERS AB Background. Few cognitive-behavioral interventions have focused on preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies (UPs) in young, sexually active women in a single study. Military recruit training provides a well-defined, national, nonclinic sample in which to evaluate such an intervention. Methods. All female Marine recruits (N = 2,288) in training were approached. Of these, 2,157 (94.3%) voluntarily agreed and were randomly assigned, by platoons, to participate in cognitive-behavioral interventions to prevent STIs or UPs or to prevent physical training injuries and cancer. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires and were screened for pregnancy, Chlamydia traehomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis at baseline and, on average, 1 and 14 months postintervention. Results. A higher proportion of the control group had a postintervention STI or UP [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.98]. Among participants who had no history of STIs or pregnancy, but who engaged in risky sexual behaviors just before recruit training, the control group was more likely to acquire a postintervention STI (OR 3.24, CI = 1.74-6.03). Among participants who were not sexually experienced at baseline, the control group was more likely to have casual (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.04-4.08) and multiple (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.01-3.47) sexual partners postintervention. Conclusions. This randomized controlled trial indicates that cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective for reducing behavioral risk and preventing STIs and UPs in young, sexually active women who are not seeking health care. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Survey Res Unit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Boyer, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 3333 Calif St,Suite 245,Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM boyer@itsa.ucsf.edu FU PHS HHS [MCH000978] NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 420 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.004 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 883SQ UT WOS:000226036400006 PM 15530594 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Bishop, CH AF Wang, XG Bishop, CH TI Improvement of ensemble reliability with a new dressing kernel SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble postprocessing; overdispersive; second moment measure; underdispersive ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; EVALUATING PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC VALUE; SKILL; VERIFICATION; CALIBRATION; SCORE AB A new method of combining dynamical and statistical ensembles for the purpose of improving ensemble reliability for underdispersive ensembles is introduced. The method involves adding independent sets of N random four-dimensional 'dressing' perturbations to each of the K members of a dynamical ensemble forecast to obtain an N x K dressed ensemble. The new method mathematically constrains the stochastic process used to generate the statistical dressing perturbations so that it removes seasonally averaged errors in the second moment measures for originally underdispersive ensembles. A random-number generator experiment and an experiment with the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) ensemble generation scheme show that the previously proposed 'best-member' dressing method fails to reliably predict the second moment of the distribution of forecast errors, whereas the new dressing method reliably predicts this second moment. After being dressed with the second moment constraint method, the ETKF ensemble is more skilful than the undressed ensemble. The ETKF ensemble postprocessed with the new dressing method is applied for probabilistic forecasts of cooling degree-days (CDD) for Boston. It is shown that the new kernel's ability to account for temporally correlated forecast errors results in ensemble forecasts of CDDs with reliable spread, whereas the best-member method leads to an underdispersive ensemble of CDD forecasts. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDCI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDCI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 NR 45 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 607 BP 965 EP 986 DI 10.1256/qj.04.120 PN A PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924FK UT WOS:000228964200008 ER PT J AU Methven, J Heifetz, E Hoskins, BJ Bishop, CH AF Methven, J Heifetz, E Hoskins, BJ Bishop, CH TI The counter-propagating Rossby-wave perspective on baroclinic instability. Part III: Primitive-equation disturbances on the sphere SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE momentum fluxes; phase-locking; realistic jets; wave-activity orthogonality ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; LIFE-CYCLE; FLOWS; DIAGNOSTICS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB Baroclinic instability of perturbations described by the linearized primitive equations, growing on steady zonal jets on the sphere, can be understood in terms of the interaction of pairs of counter-propagating Rossby waves (CRWs). The CRWs can be viewed as the basic components of the dynamical system where the Hamiltonian is the pseudoenergy and each CRW has a zonal coordinate and pseudomomentum. The theory holds for adiabatic frictionless flow to the extent that truncated forms of pseudomomentum and pseudoenergy are globally conserved. These forms focus attention on Rossby wave activity. Normal mode (NM) dispersion relations for realistic jets are explained in terms of the two CRWs associated with each unstable NM pair. Although derived from the NMs, CRWs have the conceptual advantage that their structure is zonally untilted, and can be anticipated given only the basic state. Moreover, their zonal propagation, phase-locking and mutual interaction can all be understood by 'PV-thinking' applied at only two 'home-bases'-potential vorticity (PV) anomalies at one home-base induce circulation anomalies, both locally and at the other home-base, which in turn can advect the PV gradient and modify PV anomalies there. At short wavelengths the upper CRW is focused in the mid-troposphere just above the steering level of the NM, but at longer wavelengths the upper CRW has a second wave-activity maximum at the tropopause. In the absence of meridional shear, CRW behaviour is very similar to that of Charney modes, while shear results in a meridional slant with height of the air-parcel displacement-structures of CRWs in sympathy with basic-state zonal angular-velocity surfaces. A consequence of this slant is that baroclinically D-owing eddies (on jets broader than the Rossby radius) must tilt downshear in the horizontal, giving rise to up-gradient momentum fluxes that tend to accelerate the barotropic component of the jet. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USN, Res Labs, UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. RP Methven, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM J.Methven@reading.ac.uk NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 608 BP 1393 EP 1424 DI 10.1256/qj.04.22 PN B PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942DG UT WOS:000230262500005 ER PT J AU Methven, J Hoskins, BJ Heifetz, E Bishop, CH AF Methven, J Hoskins, BJ Heifetz, E Bishop, CH TI The counter-propagating rossby-wave perspective on baroclinic instability. Part IV: Nonlinear life cycles SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE home-bases; self-induced phase speed; wave breaking; zonal propagation ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; FLOWS; FRONTS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Pairs of counter-propagating Rossby waves (CRWs) can be used to describe baroclinic instability in linearized primitive-equation dynamics, employing simple propagation and interaction mechanisms at only two locations in the meridional plane-the CRW 'home-bases'. Here, it is shown how some CRW properties are remarkably robust as a growing baroclinic wave develops nonlinearly. For example, the phase difference between upper-level and lower-level waves in potential-vorticity contours, defined initially at the home-bases of the CRWs, remains almost constant throughout baroclinic wave life cycles, despite the occurrence of frontogenesis and Rossby-wave breaking. As the lower wave saturates nonlinearly the whole baroclinic wave changes phase speed front that of the normal mode to that of the self-induced phase speed of the upper CRW. Oil zonal jets without surface meridional shear, this must always act to slow the baroclinic wave. The direction of wave breaking when a basic state has surface meridional shear can be anticipated because the displacement structures of CRWs tend to be coherent along surfaces of constant basic-state angular velocity, (U) over bar. This results in up-gradient horizontal momentum fluxes for baroclinically growing disturbances. The momentum flux acts to shift the jet meridionally in the direction of the increasing surface (U) over bar, so that the upper CRW breaks in the same direction as occurred at low levels. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USN, Res Labs, UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. RP Methven, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM J.Methven@reading.ac.uk NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 608 BP 1425 EP 1440 DI 10.1256/qj.04.23 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942DG UT WOS:000230262500006 ER PT J AU Parks, AD Spence, SE Troupe, JE Rodecap, NJ AF Parks, AD Spence, SE Troupe, JE Rodecap, NJ TI Tripartite loss model for Mach-Zehnder interferometers with application to phase sensitivity SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NOISE LIMITS; STATES AB An analytical loss model for Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is developed and used to provide a general phase sensitivity expression for arbitrary photon input states. The model takes into account phase regime, regional losses, and regional internal "environmental" conditions and is therefore useful for understanding the relationships among these factors and phase sensitivity. The ground state MZI is also defined and the associated model's formalism is used to deduce several well established MZI phase sensitivity performance characteristics. It is shown that this ground state model represents nonideal MZIs for a wide range of operational frequencies and environmental conditions. This model also predicts that Heisenberg limited phase sensitivity cannot be achieved by a lossy MZI. Rather, for large input photon number and instrument efficiency eta, the limiting phase sensitivity is the associated shot-noise limit scaled by the factor 2 root 1-eta. (C) American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Code B-10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM allen.parks@navy.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1063/1.1879332 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 916CE UT WOS:000228362200003 ER PT J AU Cole, R Reddell, N Inan, U AF Cole, R Reddell, N Inan, U TI From Alaska to the South Pacific in one hop - Stanford University, radioscience and ocean engineering merge in the Southern Pacific Ocean to study electromagnetic waves SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 RDSea & Associates Inc, St Pete Beach, FL USA. USN, Saratoga Springs, NY USA. Stanford Univ, VLF Res Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cole, R (reprint author), RDSea & Associates Inc, St Pete Beach, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 27 EP + PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 937BS UT WOS:000229900200005 ER PT J AU O'Boyle, AL Magann, EF Ricks, RE Doyle, M Morrison, JC AF O'Boyle, AL Magann, EF Ricks, RE Doyle, M Morrison, JC TI Depression screening in the pregnant soldier wellness program SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE active duty; depression; military women; postpartum; pregnancy ID POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; ATTITUDES; RISK AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression among active-duty low-risk pregnant women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Rates for depression have been reported to be as high as 13% during pregnancy and 12 to 22% postpartum, with postpartum suicidal ideation at nearly 7%. Methods: From April 2002 through March 2003, 82 women receiving prenatal care at Madigan Army Medical Center completed screening questionnaires during pregnancy and/or postpartum visits. Results: A total of 97 questionnaires were administered (71 antepartum and 26 postpartum). During pregnancy, 24% of,individuals screened scored positive. During the postpartum, 19% scored positive. A total of 15 women were screened twice during the study period. One woman was screened twice during pregnancy and the remaining 14 were screened once antepartum and once postpartum. Suicidal ideation was present in 11% of those screened during pregnancy and in 15% postpartum. Conclusions: Active-duty women appear to have a higher rate of depression and suicidal ideation compared with rates in nonmilitary populations; perhaps such screening should become a standard practice. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet, Portsmouth, VA USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. USAMEDCOM, Operat Med Clin Serv Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Madigan Army Hosp, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000152759.37358.81 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 918RY UT WOS:000228566500006 PM 15898515 ER PT J AU Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C AF Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C TI Ba and BaO on W and on Sc2O3 coated W SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermionic emission; dispenser cathode; thermal desorption; scandate cathode; barium oxide; scandium oxide ID LAYER SCANDATE CATHODES; IMPREGNATED CATHODES; TUNGSTEN; FILM; ACTIVATION; OXIDATION; SURFACE; BARIUM; OXYGEN; CA AB Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are used to characterize the surface layers that form under an evaporating flux of a dispenser cathode (which is a Ba and BaO source) on a W substrate and Sc2O3-coated W substrate to simulate the surface layer of a conventional dispenser cathode and scandate cathode, respectively. The surface layers were prepared while the substrate was either at 940degreesC(b) (1272 K), a typical operating temperature, or at 1125degreesC(b) (1477 K), a typical activation temperature. Our investigation found that a partial layer of BaO formed on W, similar to the surface layer that forms oil a dispenser cathode. Heating to the activation temperature causes the BaO to form a stronger bond with W. For the Sc2O3-coated W substrate, heating to the activation temperature is necessary for the inter-diffusion between the Sc2O3 and W to occur. BaO layers form a stronger bond to the inter-diffused layer than to pure W. However, the most important finding is that a stable BaO-containing compound forms and continues to accumulate under the impinging flux on the Sc2O3 and W covered substrate at 940degreesC(b). Surface emission models describe successfully all other dispenser cathodes, but fail to explain the emission characteristics of scandate cathodes. Raju and Maloney proposed an alternate model, which requires the presence of a thick layer of semi-conducting material. Our finding suggests that it is possible to form a thick layer from simultaneous presence of BaO, Sc2O3 and W. However, further investigation is necessary to determine if the Raju and Maloney type layer is indeed present on top of scandate cathodes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shih, A (reprint author), 9121 Bells Mill Rd, Potomac, MD USA. EM arnold.shih@verizon.net NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.07.067 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 904OU UT WOS:000227508400005 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Teixeira, J Wickert, J Buehler, SA AF von Engeln, A Teixeira, J Wickert, J Buehler, SA TI Using CHAMP radio occultation data to determine the top altitude of the Planetary Boundary Layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; STRATOCUMULUS; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; INVERSION; SIGNALS; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB A simple approach to derive the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) top altitude from CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) radio occultation (RO) data is presented. Our RO processing cuts off at an altitude, typically <= 4 km, below which the GPS signals are affected by tracking errors. This lowest processed altitude (LPA) is assumed to coincide with the PBL top. We average LPAs for the years 2001 to 2004 over 5 Degree latitude longitude boxes and compare them to ECMWF analysis data. The ECMWF PBL top was calculated from the relative humidity gradient with respect to altitude. Agreement between the data sets is good in terms of mean PBL height, especially over sea. The CHAMP data shows the major features of PBL height with a realistic transition from stratocumulus regions to shallow and deep cumulus areas. CHAMP also shows a substantial amount of PBL height variability that may prove useful to study PBL dynamics. C1 Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Sci Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Dept 1, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de; teixeira@nrlmry.navy.mil; wickert@gfz-potdsdam.de; sbuehler@uni-bremen.de RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Wickert, Jens/A-7257-2013 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 AR L06815 DI 10.1029/2004GL022168 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916DB UT WOS:000228364500006 ER PT J AU Palilis, LC Melinger, JS Wolak, MA Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, LC Melinger, JS Wolak, MA Kafafi, ZH TI Excitation energy transfer in tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum doped with a pentacene derivative SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER BLENDS; DEVICES; EFFICIENCY; ALUMINUM AB We investigate the excitation energy transfer in a guest-host molecular system consisting of a pentacene derivative, namely 6,13-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pentacene (DMPP), doped into tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq(3)) using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The concentration dependent energy transfer rate and efficiency are calculated and analyzed in terms of the Forster resonance energy transfer model. A relatively long excitation transfer time (similar to 0.6-3.4 ns depending on the DMPP concentration) and a large transfer radius (31-36 angstrom) are obtained. The Forster radius calculated directly from the Alq(3) PL-DMPP absorption spectral overlap (26 angstrom) is smaller than the transfer radii obtained from the PL studies, which suggests that excitation energy migration within Alq3 plays an important role in the energy transfer process, effectively elongating the transfer radius and increasing the transfer rate and efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palilis, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leonidas@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 12 BP 5456 EP 5463 DI 10.1021/jp0467088 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 911HS UT WOS:000227993800016 PM 16851581 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Long, JP Watkins, NJ Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Long, JP Watkins, NJ Kafafi, ZH TI Sexithiophene adlayer growth on vicinal gold surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; METAL-SURFACES; COBALT NANOSTRUCTURES; ALPHA-SEXITHIENYL; AU(111); ADSORPTION; RESOLUTION; STEPS; SUPERSTRUCTURE AB We have investigated the initial stages of vacuum-deposited sexithiophene (sigma-6T) adlayer formation on Au(111) vicinal surfaces at room temperature. The in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoemission spectroscopy (PES) reveal a step edge-driven growth of sigma-6T on the Au(111) vicinal surfaces that first leads to the formation of an ordered monolayer, comprising two phases with the molecular major axes aligned along the step edges. The monolayer formation is then followed by the appearance of a single-phase 2D superstructure at a two-monolayer coverage. The results highlight the potential of using vicinal metal surfaces as templates for generating organized organic nanostructures over macroscopic areas for applications in organic electronics and moletronics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ajm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@ccf.nri.navy.mil NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 12 BP 5790 EP 5795 DI 10.1021/jp044921y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 911HS UT WOS:000227993800065 PM 16851630 ER PT J AU Gallagher, EL Elgar, S Guza, RT Thornton, EB AF Gallagher, EL Elgar, S Guza, RT Thornton, EB TI Estimating nearshore bedform amplitudes with altimeters SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nearshore; bed roughness; megaripples; sonar altimeters ID SURF ZONE; WAVE; RIPPLES; MORPHOLOGY; ROUGHNESS; MIGRATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; GEOMETRY; CURRENTS AB Estimates of the heights of large (0.1-0.4 m heights and 1-10 m horizontal lengths) migrating bedforms on a sandy beach made with fixed, single-point altimeters are similar to heights estimated from profiles across the bedforms made with altimeters mounted on an amphibious vehicle that traversed the surf zone. Unlike many profiling systems, the robust, fixed altimeters can measure bedforms in bubbly, sediment-laden surf zone waters nearly continuously, including during storms, thus allowing investigation of the relationships between bedform heights and near-bottom velocities to be extended to a wide range of wave conditions. The fixed-altimeter observations of migrating bedforms suggest a sandy surf zone seafloor is not always smooth during energetic conditions with strong mean currents and large wave-orbital velocities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM edith.gallagher@fandm.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; rguza@ucsd.edu; thornton@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.01.005 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 913GF UT WOS:000228138900004 ER PT J AU Fabian, J Zutic, I AF Fabian, J Zutic, I TI The Ebers-Moll model for magnetic bipolar transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS AB The equivalent electrical circuit of the Ebers-Moll-type is introduced for magnetic bipolar transistors. In addition to conventional diodes and current sources, the new circuit comprises two novel elements due to spin-charge coupling. A classification scheme of the operating modes of magnetic bipolar transistors in the low bias regime is presented. (C) 2005 American Institute Of Physics. C1 Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fabian, J (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. EM jaroslav.fabian@physik.uni-regensburg.de; zutic@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 13 AR 133506 DI 10.1063/1.1886251 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 916YL UT WOS:000228422600079 ER PT J AU Li, CH Kioseoglou, G van 't Erve, OMJ Ware, ME Gammon, D Stroud, RM Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A AF Li, CH Kioseoglou, G van 't Erve, OMJ Ware, ME Gammon, D Stroud, RM Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A TI Electrical spin pumping of quantum dots at room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; BARRIER; RELAXATION; GAAS AB We report on electrical control of the spin polarization of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. This is achieved by electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from an Fe Schottky contact. The circular polarization of the QD electroluminescence shows that a 5% electron spin polarization is obtained in the InAs QDs at 300 K, which is remarkably insensitive to temperature. This is attributed to suppression of the spin-relaxation mechanisms in the QDs due to reduced dimensionality. These results demonstrate that practical regimes of spin-based operation are clearly attainable in solid-state semiconductor devices. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 13 AR 132503 DI 10.1063/1.1890469 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 916YL UT WOS:000228422600053 ER PT J AU Birn, J Galsgaard, K Hesse, M Hoshino, M Huba, J Lapenta, G Pritchett, PL Schindler, K Yin, L Buchner, J Neukirch, T Priest, ER AF Birn, J Galsgaard, K Hesse, M Hoshino, M Huba, J Lapenta, G Pritchett, PL Schindler, K Yin, L Buchner, J Neukirch, T Priest, ER TI Forced magnetic reconnection SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MHD SIMULATIONS; MAGNETOTAIL; CONFIGURATIONS; CHALLENGE; DYNAMICS; HYBRID; FIELD AB Using a multi-code approach, we investigate current sheet thinning and the onset and progress of fast magnetic reconnection, initiated by temporally limited, spatially varying, inflow of magnetic flux. The present study extends an earlier collaborative effort into the transition regime from thick to thin current sheets. Again we find that full particle, hybrid, and Hall-MHD simulations lead to the same fast reconnection rates, apparently independent of the dissipation mechanism. The reconnection rate in MHD simulations is considerably larger than in the earlier study, although still somewhat smaller than in the particle simulations. All simulations lead to surprisingly similar final states, despite differences in energy transfer and dissipation. These states are contrasted with equilibrium models derived for the same boundary perturbations. The similarity of the final states indicates that entropy conservation is satisfied similarly in fluid and kinetic approaches and that Joule dissipation plays only a minor role in the energy transfer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov; kg@astro.ku.dk; hesse@gsfc.nasa.gov; hoshino@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; lapenta@lanl.gov; pritchet@physics.ucla.edu; kschindler1@aol.com; lyin@lanl.gov; buechner@mps.mpg.de; thomas@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; eric@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009; Neukirch, Thomas/C-1981-2009; Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; OI Neukirch, Thomas/0000-0002-7597-4980; NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 16 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 AR L06105 DI 10.1029/2004GL022058 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 913LM UT WOS:000228153100001 ER PT J AU Bender, BA Pan, MJ AF Bender, BA Pan, MJ TI The effect of processing on the giant dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dielectric property; grain size; microstructure; processing; CaCu3Ti4O12 ID BARRIER LAYER CAPACITORS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; 001 LAALO3; CERAMICS; CONSTANT; CA; SR AB The effect of processing on the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was researched. CaCu3Ti4O12 was prepared using conventional ceramic solid state reaction processing techniques. Powders mixed via mortar and pestle yielded CCTO with a room temperature permittivity of 11,700 and a loss of 0.047, which is similar to reported values in the literature. However, attrition-milled powders led to CCTO with permittivities close to 100,000 which are in the same range reported for single crystal CCTO. Increasing sintering temperature in the range from 990 to 1050 degrees C led to an increase in both the dielectric constant (714 to 82,450) and loss (0.014 to 0.98). Increasing sintering times also led to substantial improvements in permittivity. Grain size and density differences were not large enough to account for the enhancement in dielectric constant. The colossal effective dielectric constant of close to one million at room temperature was measured after annealing in flowing argon at 1000 degrees C. Based on the observations, it is believed that the primary factor affecting dielectric behavior is the development of internal defects. It appeared that higher defect concentration within the 'core' of a grain results in higher conductivity of the core and therefore, higher effective dielectric constant but also higher loss. The correlation between grain size and dielectric constant was also observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM barry.bender@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.11.019 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 908EN UT WOS:000227770300022 ER PT J AU Cartin, D Khanna, G AF Cartin, D Khanna, G TI Absence of preclassical solutions in Bianchi I loop quantum cosmology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Loop quantum cosmology, the symmetry reduction of quantum geometry for the study of various cosmological situations, leads to a difference equation for its quantum evolution equation. To ensure that solutions of this equation act in the expected classical manner far from singularities, additional restrictions are imposed on the solution. In this Letter, we consider the Bianchi I model, both the vacuum case and the addition of a cosmological constant, and show using generating function techniques that only the zero solution satisfies these constraints. This implies either that there are technical difficulties with the current method of quantizing the evolution equation, or else loop quantum gravity imposes strong restrictions on the physically allowed solutions. C1 USN, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Cartin, D (reprint author), USN, Preparatory Sch, 197 Elliot St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@UMassD.Edu OI Cartin, Daniel/0000-0001-8896-053X NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 11 AR 111302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.111302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 910IA UT WOS:000227923200014 PM 15903844 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L AF Ganguli, G Rudakov, L TI Comment on "Dynamics in a multicomponent plasma near the low-frequency cutoff" - Ganguli and Rudakov reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gang@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 11 AR 119502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.119502 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 910IA UT WOS:000227923200066 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Perkins, FK Houser, EJ Badescu, SC Reinecke, TL AF Snow, ES Perkins, FK Houser, EJ Badescu, SC Reinecke, TL TI Chemical detection with a single-walled carbon nanotube capacitor SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SENSORS; GASES; MICROSENSORS; TRANSISTORS; NETWORKS; ARRAYS AB We show that the capacitance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is highly sensitive to a broad class of chemical vapors and that this transduction mechanism can form the basis for a fast, low-power sorption-based chemical sensor. In the presence of a dilute chemical vapor, molecular adsorbates are polarized by the fringing electric fields radiating from the surface of a SWNT electrode, which causes an increase in its capacitance. We use this effect to construct a high-performance chemical sensor by thinly coating the SWNTs with chemoselective materials that provide a large, class-specific gain to the capacitance response. Such SWNT chemicapacitors are fast, highly sensitive, and completely reversible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 649 Z9 657 U1 16 U2 215 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5717 BP 1942 EP 1945 DI 10.1126/science.1109128 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910UI UT WOS:000227957300051 PM 15790850 ER PT J AU Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Jaiswal, JK Simon, SM Mattoussi, H AF Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Jaiswal, JK Simon, SM Mattoussi, H TI Synthesis of compact multidentate ligands to prepare stable hydrophilic quantum dot fluorophores SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENT NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; LIPOIC ACID; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; MONODISPERSE; RECOGNITION AB We describe a simple and versatile scheme to prepare an array of heterofunctional multidentate ligands that permit strong and stable interactions with colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) and render them soluble in aqueous environments. These ligands were synthesized by reacting various chain length poly(ethylene glycols) with thioctic acid, followed by ring opening of the dithiolane moiety, creating a bidentate thiol motif with enhanced affinity for CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs. Functionalization with these ligands permits processability of the nanocrystals not only in aqueous but also in many other polar solvents. These ligands provide a straightforward means of preparing QDs that exhibit greater resistance to environmental changes, making them more amenable for use in live cell imaging and other biotechnological applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cellular Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Jaiswal, Jyoti/M-5891-2013 OI Jaiswal, Jyoti/0000-0002-5992-5185 NR 51 TC 380 Z9 390 U1 10 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 11 BP 3870 EP 3878 DI 10.1021/ja044031w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 907SQ UT WOS:000227738700055 PM 15771523 ER PT J AU Zabetakis, D Dinderman, M Schoen, P AF Zabetakis, D Dinderman, M Schoen, P TI Metal-coated cellulose fibers for use in composites applicable to microwave technology SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PERCOLATION; FREQUENCY AB A new type of conductive fiber (see Figure, scale bar represents 100 mu m) is presented, based on metallized cellulose, and suitable for use in microwave applications. These fibers are tough, strong, highly conductive, and inexpensive. Elastomer composites containing these fibers are produced, and analyzed over the range of 2 to 18 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zabetakis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 734 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400320 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 910HY UT WOS:000227923000017 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Christov, CI AF Jordan, PM Christov, CI TI A simple finite difference scheme for modeling the finite-time blow-up of acoustic acceleration waves SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUITIES; EQUATION; GROWTH; DECAY C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 3-5 BP 1207 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.03.067 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 901UX UT WOS:000227308700039 ER PT J AU Hopp, B Smausz, T Barna, N Vass, C Antal, Z Kredics, L Chrisey, D AF Hopp, B Smausz, T Barna, N Vass, C Antal, Z Kredics, L Chrisey, D TI Time-resolved study of absorbing film assisted laser induced forward transfer of Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCIMER-LASER; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; SPORES AB We have characterized the absorbing film assisted transfer of Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia using a synchronized laser for illumination. The transfer laser used was a KrF excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm, FWHM = 30 ns) and the ejected material was illuminated parallel to the quartz plate by a nitrogen laser pumped Coumarine 153 dye laser beam (, = 453 nm, FWHM = I ns) electronically delayed relative to the transfer UV pulse. Our time-resolved investigations determined that the ejection velocity front of the conidia plume from the donor surface during the transfer procedure was 1150 ms (-1) at 355 mJ cm(-2) applied laser fluence. On the basis of the measured data, the acceleration of the emitted conidia at the plume front was approximately 10(9) x g. The conidia survived the absorbing film assisted forward transfer and associated mechanical shear without significant damages suggesting that the technique might be applicable to other more fragile types of biological objects and applications. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Res Grp Laser Phys, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Microbial Res Grp, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hopp, B (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM bhopp@physx.u-szeged.hu RI Vass, Csaba/E-3405-2012; OI Vass, Csaba/0000-0002-1045-4757; Smausz Kolumban, Tomi/0000-0002-5184-6124; Kredics, Laszlo/0000-0002-8837-3973 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 6 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/6/007 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 928WP UT WOS:000229302700008 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Theoretical study of the electronic structure of the Si3N4(0001) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations; photoelectron emission; surface relaxation and reconstruction; silicon nitride ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SI(100)-(2 X-1) SURFACE; SILICON-NITRIDE; AB-INITIO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BAND-GAPS; SI3N4; NH3; SPECTROSCOPY; BETA-SI3N4 AB Density functional theory has been applied to a study of the electronic structure of the ideally-terminated, relaxed and H-saturated (0001) Surfaces of beta-Si3N4 and to that of the bulk material. For the bulk, the lattice constants and atom positions and the valence band density of states are all in good agreement with experimental results. A band Gap of 6.7 eV is found which is in fair accord with the experimental value of 5.1-5.3 eV for H-free Si3N4. Using a two-dimensionally-periodic slab model, a pi-bonding interaction is found between threefold-coordinated Si and twofold-coordinated N atoms in the surface plane leading to pi and pi* surface-state bands in the gap. A surface-state band derived from s-orbitals is also found in the gap between the upper and lower parts of the valence band. Relaxation results in displacements of surface and first-underlayer atoms and to a stronger pi-bonding interaction which increases the pi-pi* gap. The relaxed surface shows no occupied surface states above the valence band maximum, in agreement with recent photoemission data for a thin Si3N4 film. The pi* band, however, remains well below the conduction band minimum (but well above the Fermi level). Adsorbing H at all dangling-bond sites on the ideally-terminated surface and then relaxing the surface and first underlayer leads to smaller, but still finite, displacements in comparison to the clean relaxed surface. This surface is more stable, by about 3.67 eV per H, than the clean relaxed surface. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2005 VL 579 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.01.025 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 909HF UT WOS:000227850300002 ER PT J AU Whang, YC Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Burlaga, LF AF Whang, YC Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Burlaga, LF TI Global structure of the out-of-ecliptic solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERMINATION SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPEED; CYCLE; SCINTILLATION; HELIOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; LATITUDE; MAXIMUM AB We use the observed photospheric field maps and the wind speed observed from Ulysses to study the out-of-ecliptic solar wind. The model calculates the wind speed from the rate of magnetic flux tube expansion factors using a conversion function that is determined by least squares fit of all currently available data from Ulysses. Using the best fit conversion function, we investigate the global solar wind covering a 36-year period from 1968 through 2003. The results complement and expand upon earlier studies conducted with interplanetary scintillation and other in situ spacecraft observations. The rotationally averaged wind speed is a function of two parameters: the heliolatitude and the phase of the solar cycle. The out-of-ecliptic solar wind has a recurrent stable structure, and the average wind speed varies like a sine square of latitude profile spanning more than 5 years during the declining phase and solar minimum in each solar cycle. Ulysses has observed this stable structure in its first polar orbit in 1992-1997. Near solar maximum the structure of the out-of-ecliptic solar wind is in a transient state lasting 2-3 years when the stable structure breaks down during the disappearance and reappearance of the polar coronal holes. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM whang@cua.edu; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mi; burlaga@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A3 AR A03101 DI 10.1029/2004JA010875 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 909SK UT WOS:000227880800001 ER PT J AU Hull, AK Criscuolo, CJ Mett, V Groen, H Steeman, W Westra, H Chapman, G Legutki, B Baillie, L Yusibov, V AF Hull, AK Criscuolo, CJ Mett, V Groen, H Steeman, W Westra, H Chapman, G Legutki, B Baillie, L Yusibov, V TI Human-derived, plant-produced monoclonal antibody for the treatment of anthrax SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Vaccines and Immunisation (WCVI) CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Infect Control World Org, Minist Hlth, Labour Welfare, Minist Educ, Sci & Technol DE anthrax; antibody; plant ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PROTECTION; FRAGMENTS; SPORES; TOXIN AB The unpredictable nature of bio-terrorism compels us to develop medical countermeasures that will enable authorities to treat individuals exposed to agents such as anthrax. We report the feasibility of producing a protective, human-derived, monoclonal antibody directed against the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis in plants. This was achieved by transient expression using agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The resulting antibody was able to neutralize toxin activity in vitro and in vivo at a comparable level to that seen for its hybridoma-produced counterpart. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fraunhofer USA Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Newark, DE 19711 USA. IQ Corp, NL-9727 DL Groningen, Netherlands. USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Yusibov, V (reprint author), Fraunhofer USA Ctr Mol Biotechnol, 9 Innovat Way,Suite 200, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM vyusibov@fraunhofer.org OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 16 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 17-18 BP 2082 EP 2086 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 909ZH UT WOS:000227898700013 PM 15755575 ER PT J AU Magno, R Boos, JB Campbell, PM Bennett, BR Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Ancona, MG Hobart, KD Park, D Papanicolaou, NA AF Magno, R Boos, JB Campbell, PM Bennett, BR Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Ancona, MG Hobart, KD Park, D Papanicolaou, NA TI InAlAsSb/InGaSb double heterojunction bipolar transistor SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB An npn double heterojunction bipolar transistor has been made using In0.27Ga0.73Sb for the base and two different InxAl1-xAsySb1-y alloys for the emitter and collector. It has a common emitter current gain of 25. The emitter-base voltages required for a given collector current are smaller than those of InP-based HBTs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magno@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1049/el:20058107 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 910CC UT WOS:000227906000055 ER PT J AU Isaacson, E Glaser, CA Forghani, B Amad, Z Wallace, M Armstrong, RW Exner, MM Schmid, S AF Isaacson, E Glaser, CA Forghani, B Amad, Z Wallace, M Armstrong, RW Exner, MM Schmid, S TI Evidence of human herpesvirus 6 infection in 4 immunocompetent patients with encephalitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; ADULT; PCR AB We describe 4 patients with encephalitis due to possible reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV- 6) infection who were enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project. All were immunocompetent and had HHV- 6 loads determined in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Tests for detection of HHV- 6 should be considered for individuals with encephalitis. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, San Jose, CA USA. Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch,Childhood Vaccine Pre, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM cglaser@dhs.ca.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-07] NR 12 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 890 EP 893 DI 10.1086/427944 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800020 PM 15736026 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, SN TI Contact mechanisms and design principles for Schottky contacts to group-III nitrides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; N-TYPE GAN; MULTILAYER OHMIC CONTACT; 2-STEP SURFACE-TREATMENT; GALLIUM NITRIDE; THERMAL-STABILITY; BARRIER HEIGHT; METAL CONTACTS; NI/AU CONTACT; DIODES AB Contact mechanisms and design principles for Schottky contacts to group-III nitrides have been studied. These contacts, made generally by using simple principles and past experiences, suffer from serious drawbacks. The importance of various parameters such as surface morphology, surface treatment, metal/semiconductor interactions at the interface, thermal stability, minimization of doping by metal deposition and etching, elimination of edge electric field, etc., for them has been thoroughly investigated. Several design principles have been proposed. Both theoretical and experimental data have been presented to justify the validity of the proposed contact mechanisms and design principles. While theoretical calculations provide fundamental physics underlying heavy doping, leakage, etc., the experimental data provide verification of the contact mechanisms and design principles. The proposed principles are general enough to be applicable to most, if not all, Schottky contacts. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 57 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 AR 063703 DI 10.1063/1.1856226 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DO UT WOS:000227767700035 ER PT J AU Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Leeper, RJ Chandler, GA Bailey, JE McKenney, JL Mehlhorn, TA Seaman, JF McGurn, J Schroen, D Russell, C Lake, PE Jobe, DO Gilliland, T Nielsen, DS Lucas, J Moore, T Torres, JA MacFarlane, JJ Apruzese, JP Chrien, R Idzorek, G Peterson, DL Watt, R AF Nash, TJ Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Leeper, RJ Chandler, GA Bailey, JE McKenney, JL Mehlhorn, TA Seaman, JF McGurn, J Schroen, D Russell, C Lake, PE Jobe, DO Gilliland, T Nielsen, DS Lucas, J Moore, T Torres, JA MacFarlane, JJ Apruzese, JP Chrien, R Idzorek, G Peterson, DL Watt, R TI Crystal spectroscopy of silicon aero-gel end-caps driven by a dynamic hohlraum on Z SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE crystal spectrometers; silicon aero-gel; dynamic hohlraum; Z-pinch ID X-RAY SOURCE; INERTIAL FUSION; Z-PINCHES; POWER AB We present results from crystal spectroscopic analysis of silicon aero-gel foams heated by dynamic hohlraums on Z. The dynamic hohlraum on Z creates a radiation source with a 230-eV average temperature ver a 2.4-mm diameter. In these experiments silicon aero-gel foams with 10-mg/cm(3) densities and 1.7-mm lengths were placed on both ends of the dynamic hohlraum. Several crystal spectrometers were placed both above and below the z-pinch to diagnose the temperature of the silicon aero-gel foam using the K-shell lines of silicon. The crystal spectrometers were (1) temporally integrated and spatially resolved, (2) temporally resolved and spatially integrated, and (3) both temporally and spatially resolved. The results indicate that the dynamic hohlraum heats the silicon aero-gel to approximately 150-eV at peak power. As the dynamic hohlraum source cools after peak power the silicon aero-gel continues to heat and jets axially at an average velocity of approximately 50-cm/mus. The spectroscopy has also shown that the reason for the up/down asymmetry in radiated power on Z is that tungsten enters the line-of-sight on the bottom of the machine much more than on the top. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Prism Corp, Madison, WI USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nash, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjnash@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.064 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 870IB UT WOS:000225049700006 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Shubin, YS Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Shubin, YS Ligler, FS TI A portable automated multianalyte biosensor SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE array biosensor; multianalyte; fluorescence; portable biosensor ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; UNIVERSAL PLATFORM; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANALYTES; RAPTOR; IMMUNOASSAY; MICROARRAYS; SAMPLES AB The array biosensor employs an array of capture molecules on a planar optical waveguide to interrogate multiple samples simultaneously for multiple targets. In assay development and demonstration studies published previously, we have quantified this biosensor's capability for rapid identification of a wide variety of targets in complex sample media. This paper describes the miniaturization and automation of the array biosensor for portability and on-site use. The fluidics have been redesigned and constructed with reliability and commercial production of disposable components in mind. To demonstrate the automated operation, simultaneous assays were automatically conducted on samples containing both ovalbumin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Results demonstrate the capability of the biosensor for detection and quantification. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nri.navy.mil NR 33 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.072 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 911YB UT WOS:000228041700004 PM 18969915 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Goetz, PG Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Goetz, PG Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML TI Using local band structure to image strain in semiconductor microstructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURE; INP; MODULATION; ANISOTROPY; GAAS AB We demonstrate that polarization-specific nonlinear optical spectroscopy combined with an accurate band structure model can be used to provide a noncontact image of the strain fields within a micromachined quantum well. Optical measurements of the heavy hole excitonic transition strength and anisotropy are converted into measurements of the in-plane strain components with an 8-band k center dot p model that includes deformation potentials. The resulting two-dimensional strain image is in excellent agreement with a finite-element structural model of the microstructure, demonstrating the validity of this technique. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 11 AR 111915 DI 10.1063/1.1885181 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 912AY UT WOS:000228050700037 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, J Davis, AH Bussmann, K Long, JP AF Wilkinson, J Davis, AH Bussmann, K Long, JP TI Evidence for charge-carrier mediated magnetic-field modulation of electroluminescence in organic light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION; ANNIHILATION; TRANSIENT; CRYSTALS; EXCITONS AB Electroluminescence (EL) from organic light-emitting diodes can be surprisingly sensitive (similar to 20%) to modest magnetic fields B (0-2 T). The origin of this magnetic-field effect has not been clearly identified, although the magnetic-field effect in some devices resembles that of delayed fluorescence in anthracene, which originates from magnetic-field-dependent singlet-exciton production via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Here, we test the role of TTA at low magnetic fields (similar to 80 mT) by measuring transient EL and by employing dc drive levels so low that the bimolecular rate of TTA is unimportant. Under these conditions, we find enhancements of EL exceeding 14% at the lowest drives, which excludes TTA-mediated magnetic-field effects and indicates a role for charge-carrier pair states. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilkinson, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jp.long@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 11 AR 111109 DI 10.1063/1.1883322 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 912AY UT WOS:000228050700009 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Koppmann, R Eck, TF Eleuterio, DP AF Reid, JS Koppmann, R Eck, TF Eleuterio, DP TI A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST-FIRE AEROSOLS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAVANNA FIRES; TRACE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB The last decade has seen tremendous advances in atmospheric aerosol particle research that is often performed in the context of climate and global change science. Biomass burning, one of the largest sources of accumulation mode particles globally, has been closely studied for its radiative, geochemical, and dynamic impacts. These studies have taken many forms including laboratory burns, in situ experiments, remote sensing, and modeling. While the differing perspectives of these studies have ultimately improved our qualitative understanding of biomass-burning issues, the varied nature of the work make inter-comparisons and resolutions of some specific issues difficult. In short, the literature base has become a milieu of small pieces of the biomass-burning puzzle. This manuscript, the second part of four, examines the properties of biomass-burning particle emissions. Here we review and discuss the literature concerning the measurement of smoke particle size, chemistry, thermodynamic properties, and emission factors. Where appropriate, critiques of measurement techniques are presented. We show that very large differences in measured particle properties have appeared in the literature, in particular with regards to particle carbon budgets. We investigate emissions uncertainties using scale analyses, which shows that while emission factors for grass and brush are relatively well known, very large uncertainties still exist in emission factors of boreal, temperate and some tropical forests. Based on an uncertainty analysis of the community data set of biomass burning measurements, we present simplified models for particle size and emission factors. We close this review paper with a discussion of the community experimental data, point to lapses in the data set, and prioritize future research topics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Forschungszentrum Juelich, Inst Troposphaere 2, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphaere, Julich, Germany. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 199 TC 501 Z9 510 U1 16 U2 165 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 799 EP 825 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906BO UT WOS:000227615700001 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Eck, TF Christopher, SA Koppmann, R Dubovik, O Eleuterio, DP Holben, BN Reid, EA Zhang, J AF Reid, JS Eck, TF Christopher, SA Koppmann, R Dubovik, O Eleuterio, DP Holben, BN Reid, EA Zhang, J TI A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; GLOBAL RADIATION BUDGET; FOREST-FIRE AEROSOLS; AMAZON BASIN; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SMOKE AEROSOL; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AB Because of its wide coverage over much of the globe, biomass burning has been widely studied in the context of direct radiative forcing. Such study is warranted as smoke particles scatter and at times absorb solar radiation efficiently. Further, as much of what is known about smoke transport and impacts is based on remote sensing measurements, the optical properties of smoke particles have far reaching effects into numerous aspects of biomass burning studies. Global estimates of direct forcing have been widely varying, ranging from near zero to -1W m(-2). A significant part of this difference can be traced to varying assumptions on the optical properties of smoke. This manuscript is the third part of four examining biomass-burning emissions. Here we review and discuss the literature concerning measurement and modeling of optical properties of biomass-burning particles. These include available data from published sensitivity studies, field campaigns, and inversions from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of Sun photometer sites. As a whole, optical properties reported in the literature are varied, reflecting both the dynamic nature of fires, variations in smoke aging processes and differences in measurement technique. We find that forward modeling or "internal closure" studies ultimately are of little help in resolving outstanding measurement issues due to the high degree of degeneracy in solutions when using "reasonable" input parameters. This is particularly notable with respect to index of refraction and the treatment of black carbon. Consequently, previous claims of column closure may in fact be more ambiguous. Differences between in situ and retrieved omega(o) values have implications for estimates of mass scattering and mass absorption efficiencies. In this manuscript we review and discuss this community dataset. Strengths and lapses are pointed out, future research topics are prioritized, and best estimates and uncertainties of key smoke particle parameters are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Forschungszentrum Juelich, Int Troposphaere 2, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphaere, Julich, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 92 TC 208 Z9 209 U1 16 U2 90 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 827 EP 849 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906BO UT WOS:000227615700002 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, A Freed, NE Irvine, M Daum, LT AF Russell, KL Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, A Freed, NE Irvine, M Daum, LT TI Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine among US military basic trainees: a year of suboptimal match between vaccine and circulating strain SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccine effectiveness; military recruits; vaccine mismatch AB Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine was evaluated at five military basic training centers throughout the United States. Data from surveillance conducted in December and January 2003-2004 in this highly vaccinated population were evaluated. During this period, 10.6% (37/350) of specimens were positive for influenza A. A 14-day period after vaccination was considered the period prior to immune protection; vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated based on febrile respiratory illness presentation and laboratory confirmation of influenza before or after this 14-day period. Thirty-two cases presented within 14 days of vaccination, and five cases presented beyond 14 days from vaccination. VE in this population was estimated to be 94.4% for laboratory-confirmed influenza. In contrast, VE was only 13.9% for influenza-like illness (ILI) without a laboratory confirmation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Defense DoD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Air Force Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Defense DoD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhre.navy.mil NR 10 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 BP 1981 EP 1985 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.10.0223 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 908EI UT WOS:000227769800012 PM 15734071 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Laracuente, A Baker, LA Whitman, LJ Russell, JN AF Barlow, DE Laracuente, A Baker, LA Whitman, LJ Russell, JN TI Self assembly on Si(114)-(2x1): Molecular attachment via alkene functional groups SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM John.Russell@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 395-COLL BP U710 EP U710 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705071 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Sastry, M Wagner, G AF Clark, TD Sastry, M Wagner, G TI Toward tailor-made transmembrane ion channels: A designed peptide that folds into a unique beta(DL)-helical species in solution. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 384-ORGN BP U387 EP U387 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066601486 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Pohlman, J Gardner, J Downer, R Wood, W Gettrust, J Diaz, J AF Coffin, RB Pohlman, J Gardner, J Downer, R Wood, W Gettrust, J Diaz, J TI Methane hydrate exploration at the mid Chiliean coast: A geophysical and geochemical survey. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile. EM rcoffin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 001-PETR BP U587 EP U587 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066602467 ER PT J AU Efros, A AF Efros, A TI Semiconductor nanorod optical properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 040-COLL BP U635 EP U635 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704201 ER PT J AU Floyd, TM Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS Archer, LA AF Floyd, TM Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS Archer, LA TI Microfluidic mixers for kinetics studies, materials processing and biosensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tamara.floyd@tuskegee.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 141-ANYL BP U111 EP U111 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700474 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Snow, AW AF Foos, EE Snow, AW TI Synthesis of a fluorine-terminated thiol for gold nanocluster substitution studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 173-INOR BP U987 EP U987 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707172 ER PT J AU Gann, JL Urban, JJ AF Gann, JL Urban, JJ TI YComputational studies of the conformational preferences of fluorinated amino acids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m052424@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 914-CHED BP U498 EP U498 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703333 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Davis, RD Bellayer, S Maupin, PH Raghavan, D Langat, J Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, D Trulove, P De Long, HC AF Gilman, JW Davis, RD Bellayer, S Maupin, PH Raghavan, D Langat, J Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, D Trulove, P De Long, HC TI Use of optical probes and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy for high throughput characterization of dispersion in polymer layered silicate nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Polymer Sci Div, Washington, DC 20059 USA. ENSCL, PERF, Lille, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 100-PMSE BP U1118 EP U1118 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605100 ER PT J AU Harper, AS Wallace, JM Eden, KB Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Harper, AS Wallace, JM Eden, KB Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR TI Factors affecting the stability of protein within silica aerogel nanoarchitectures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asharper@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 268-COLL BP U674 EP U674 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704425 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Je, J Jernigan, G Melinger, J Ricks, H Pepitone, M AF Kim, OK Je, J Jernigan, G Melinger, J Ricks, H Pepitone, M TI Supramolecular photonic wire via helical encapsulation of chromophore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM okkim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 238-PHYS BP U739 EP U739 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603237 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM TI Thermo-oxidative protection of high performance organic fibers by inorganic-organic hybrid network polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manojkv@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 114-PMSE BP U1120 EP U1120 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605114 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG AF Kushmerick, JG TI Understanding and controlling charge transport at organic and biological interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 543-COLL BP U733 EP U733 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705216 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Oligomeric cyanate ester and phthalonitrile resins: Novel high performance polymers with advanced properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 6-PMSE BP U1104 EP U1104 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605006 ER PT J AU Moore, MH Trammell, SA Pollack, SK Lebedev, N Kushmerick, JG AF Moore, MH Trammell, SA Pollack, SK Lebedev, N Kushmerick, JG TI Optimizing charge transfer between photosynthetic proteins and electrode surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mhm@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 214-COLL BP U664 EP U664 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704373 ER PT J AU Nichols, BM Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Nichols, BM Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ TI Photochemical functionalization of H-terminated diamond surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bmnichols@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 580-COLL BP U739 EP U739 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705253 ER PT J AU Nozik, AJ Ellingson, RJ Beard, MC Micic, OI Yu, PR Shabaev, A Efros, A AF Nozik, AJ Ellingson, RJ Beard, MC Micic, OI Yu, PR Shabaev, A Efros, A TI Multiple exciton generation, exciton cooling, and interfacial charge transfer in photoexcited quantum dots and the relevance to solar photon conversion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anozik@nrel.gov RI Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 039-COLL BP U635 EP U635 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704200 ER PT J AU Pepitone, M Ricks, HL Je, JT Kim, OH AF Pepitone, M Ricks, HL Je, JT Kim, OH TI Helical encapsulation of chromophores for unique photonic/electronic properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pepitone@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 221-ORGN BP U359 EP U359 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066601326 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Harris, JA AF Prokopuk, N Harris, JA TI Optical properties of asymmetric diruthenium complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mat Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 830-INOR BP U1091 EP U1091 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707827 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Richardson, SL Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Theoretical analysis of the vibrational modes in decamethyldizincocene (Zn-2(eta(5)-Cp-*)(2)): A stable organometallic compound of Zn(I) with a Zn-Zn bond. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF, CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Techno, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM srichards22@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 878-INOR BP U1099 EP U1099 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707875 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Baruah, T Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR AF Richardson, SL Baruah, T Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR TI Theoretical confirmation of the experimental Raman spectra of the lower-order diamondoid molecule: Cyclohexamantane (C-26,H-30) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM srichards22@comcast.net RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 291-COMP BP U800 EP U800 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705612 ER PT J AU Russell, JN AF Russell, JN TI Organic functionalization of diamond and silicon surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM John.Russell@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 049-COLL BP U637 EP U637 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704210 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC TI Surfactant charge effects on the location, vibrational spectra, and relaxation dynamics of anionic probes in reverse micelles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 354-PHYS BP U756 EP U756 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603353 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Fontanella, JJ Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Schroeder, MJ Fontanella, JJ Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Evolution of the dynamics of 1,4-poly(isoprene). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 266-ANYL BP U132 EP U132 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700599 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Henley, L Deschamps, JR Klug, CA Swider-Lyons, K Dressick, WJ Bujoli, B Greenwood, A Maher, D Knight, DA AF Schull, TL Henley, L Deschamps, JR Klug, CA Swider-Lyons, K Dressick, WJ Bujoli, B Greenwood, A Maher, D Knight, DA TI Unusual chemistry of the water-soluble phosphine triphenylphosphine triphosphonic acid (TPPTP(H)6) and dicobalt octacarbonyl. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. Fac Sci & Tech Nantes, Synth Organ Lab, Nantes, France. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 735-INOR BP U1076 EP U1076 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707732 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Greenawald, L Foos, EE Ancona, MG AF Snow, AW Greenawald, L Foos, EE Ancona, MG TI Novel hexafluorodimethylcarbinol functionalized silanizing agent for SiO2 surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 398-COLL BP U711 EP U711 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705074 ER PT J AU Stanley, JT Traficante, D Lin, S Dillner, DK AF Stanley, JT Traficante, D Lin, S Dillner, DK TI Carbon-13 chemical shift correlations: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Preparatory Sch, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 389-CHED BP U399 EP U399 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177702415 ER PT J AU Tillman, BG Urban, JJ AF Tillman, BG Urban, JJ TI Computational studies of fluoroolefins as peptide mimetics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m056828@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 913-CHED BP U498 EP U498 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177703332 ER PT J AU Tulsky, EG Wilkinson, J Foos, EE Snow, AW AF Tulsky, EG Wilkinson, J Foos, EE Snow, AW TI Synthesis and optical properties of bicomponent nanorods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM etulsky@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 157-INOR BP U985 EP U985 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707156 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Snow, AW AF Wynne, JH Snow, AW TI Synthesis of novel amphiphilic N-alkylpyridinium salts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 148-ORGN BP U348 EP U348 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066601253 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, H Wilkinson, J Long, JP Kafafi, ZH AF Yamamoto, H Wilkinson, J Long, JP Kafafi, ZH TI Nano-led of MEH-PPV. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hiyahiro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 015-PHYS BP U705 EP U705 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603015 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ TI Direct detection of biological binding events on thin film diamond. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wensha@chem.wisc.edu RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 094-ANYL BP U104 EP U104 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700427 ER PT J AU Ting, A Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Penano, JR Sprangle, P AF Ting, A Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Penano, JR Sprangle, P TI Direct characterization of self-guided femtosecond laser filaments in air SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ULTRASHORT-PULSE; MOVING FOCUS; PROPAGATION; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS AB High-power femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air form self-guided filaments that can persist for many meters. Characterizing these filaments has always been challenging owing to their high intensity. An apparently novel diagnostic is used to directly measure the fluence distribution of femtosecond laser pulses after they have formed self-guided optical filaments in air. The diagnostic is unique in that the information contained in the filaments is not lost owing to the interaction with the apparatus. This allows filament characteristics such as energy and size to be unambiguously determined for the first time. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gordon@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1474 EP 1479 DI 10.1364/AO.44.001474 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913QQ UT WOS:000228168300019 PM 15796248 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A Li, J AF Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A Li, J TI Detection and diagnostics of a coronal shock wave driven by a partial-halo coronal mass ejection on 2000 June 28 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : UV radiation ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; LARGE-ANGLE; SOLAR; ACCELERATION; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; TRANSIENTS; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; BURSTS AB A fast partial-halo coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed on 2000 June 28 by instruments on the SOHO spacecraft. The CME leading edge and filamentary cold core were detected over the northwest limb at 2.32 R-circle dot by the SOHO UV Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS). The broad profile of the O VI lambda 1032 line gives evidence of a shock front at the leading edge, supporting the identification of white-light CME sharp leading edges as fast-mode shocks. Line-of-sight speeds are as high as 1500 km s(-1), comparable to the projected speed obtained from LASCO. Pumping of the O VI lambda 1032 by Ly beta (v = 1810 km s(-1)) and of O VI lambda 1037 by O VI lambda 1032 (v = 1648 km s(-1)) were detected, which provide diagnostics of outflow speed and density. The angle of the ejecta with the plane of the sky is obtained, combining the projected speed from LASCO with the line-of sight-speed, and varies between 7 degrees and 46 degrees. In the latter case the projected height of 2.32 R-circle dot was at an actual heliocentric distance of 3.6 R-circle dot. An associated solar energetic particle (SEP) event was observed at the L1 point following this CME. The abundance and charge-state data are consistent with a gradual shock-accelerated SEP event. A type II radio burst was observed at the same time the shock front was detected by UVCS. C1 AFRL VSBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Ciaravella, Angela/0000-0002-3127-8078 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 2 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1086/427619 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905CM UT WOS:000227545300051 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC TI Surfactant charge effects on the location, vibrational spectra, and relaxation dynamics of cyanoferrates in reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHOTON-ECHO EXPERIMENTS; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATION RELAXATION; ENERGY RELAXATION; AEROSOL OT AB Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy has been used to measure vibrational energy relaxation (VER) and reorientation (T-r) times for the high frequency CN stretches of potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide and the NO stretch of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in several reverse micelle (RM) systems using cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants. The confinement effects on anion vibrational spectra and dynamics in aqueous RMs depend on the charge of the surfactant that is used to form the RMs. Spectra and VER dynamics of ferrocyanide are not significantly altered in the limited number of RMs in which it could be solubilized. The static spectra of ferricyanide suggest an environment that is most bulklike in anionic RMs and least bulklike in cationic RMs. The dynamics of ferricyanide are slower in cationic RMs and indistinguishable from the bulk in nonionic RMs. The VER dynamics and static spectra of SNP are indistinguishable from the bulk in anionic RMs, but much slower in cationic RMs. This suggests a strong surfactant-solute repulsion in the former and an attraction in the latter. Broad static spectra and probe frequency dependent dynamics are seen for SNP in nonionic RMs, indicating an inhomogeneous distribution of environments. Similar measurements were carried out for SNP in mixtures of water and a model compound containing only the hydrophilic portion of the nonionic surfactants in which RMs are not formed. The results closely resemble those observed for SNP in nonionic RMs and provide evidence that in the latter water penetrates the interface and hydrates the ethylene oxide groups before forming a water pool. The results are consistent with the explanation that Coulombic forces determine the anion location. The anions are repelled to the interior of the water pool, which has a bulklike environment in anionic RMs, and are attracted to the interface in cationic RMs. resulting in a strong interaction with the surfactant. The solute location in the nonionic RMs depends on the hydrophilic nature of the probe, with ferrocyanide and ferricyanide being more hydrophilic than SNP. These results and the dependence on surfactant charge are similar to those reported for azide. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 74 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 4084 EP 4095 DI 10.1021/jp045287r PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 904ER UT WOS:000227479400058 PM 16851467 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Christopher, SA Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ AF Zhang, JL Christopher, SA Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ TI Shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over cloud-free oceans from Terra: 1. Angular models for aerosols SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING AEROSOLS; ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERE; TOP; INSTRUMENT; BUDGET; MODIS AB Using multiple satellite instruments, we demonstrate a new empirical method for obtaining shortwave (SW) aerosol angular distribution models (ADMs) over cloud-free oceans. We use nearly a year's worth of multispectral Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to obtain aerosol properties within a Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) footprint and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data to obtain near surface wind speed. The new aerosol ADMs are built as functions of near-surface ocean wind speed and MODIS aerosol optical depth at 0.55 mu m (tau(0.55)). Among the new features are ADMs as a function of the ratio of fine mode to total aerosol optical depth (eta), which contains information on aerosol type, and the combination of the CERES rotation azimuth plane scan mode CERES data and MODIS aerosol products to characterize aerosol properties over glint regions. The instantaneous aerosol forcing efficiencies (SW flux per unit optical depth at tau(0.55)) are 80.5, 63.1, and 73.0 Wm(-2), derived using the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the current Terra ADMs, respectively. This study highlights the necessity for building empirical aerosol ADMs as a function of wind speed, tau(0.55) and eta, and gives examples of newly constructed aerosol ADMs over cloud-free oceans. We conclude that an overall uncertainty of 10% will be introduced in the derived SW aerosol direct forcing over cloud-free oceans if the ADMs are constructed without considering aerosol darkening effect over glint regions and aerosol brightening over nonglint regions (like ERBE ADMs) or the variations in aerosol properties (like TRMM ADMs). In a companion paper (Zhang et al., 2005), these new ADMs are used to calculate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over the global oceans. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Data, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM zhang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10S23 DI 10.1029/2004JD005008 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906LG UT WOS:000227641900003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Christopher, SA Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ AF Zhang, JL Christopher, SA Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ TI Shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over cloud-free oceans from Terra: 2. Seasonal and global distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE; CERES; ATMOSPHERE; MODIS; TOP; RETRIEVALS; STRATEGIES; RADIANCES AB Using 10 months of collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanner and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol and cloud data from Terra, we provide estimates of the shortwave aerosol direct radiative forcing (SWARF) and its uncertainties over the cloud-free global oceans. Newly developed aerosol angular distribution models (ADMs) (Zhang et al., 2005), specifically for different sea surface conditions and aerosol types, are used for inverting the CERES observed radiances to shortwave fluxes while accounting for the effect of aerosol optical properties on the anisotropy of the top of atmosphere (TOA) shortwave radiation fields. The spatial and seasonal distributions of SWARF are presented, and the MODIS retrieved aerosol optical depth (tau(0.55)) and the independently derived SWARF show a high degree of correlation and can be estimated using the equation SWARF = 0.05-74.6 tau(0.55) + 18.2 tau(2)(0.55) W m(-2) (tau 0.55 < 0.8). The instantaneous TOA SWARF from Terra overpass time is -6.4 +/- 2.6 W m(-2) for cloud-free oceans. Accounting for sample biases and diurnal averaging, we estimate the SWARF over cloud-free oceans to be -5.3 +/- 1.7 W m(-2), consistent with previous studies. Our study is an independent measurement-based assessment of cloud-free aerosol radiative forcing that could be used as a validation tool for numerical modeling studies. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Data, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM zhang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011 NR 32 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10S24 DI 10.1029/2004JD005009 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906LG UT WOS:000227641900004 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Baker, SE Butler, JE Lee, CS Russell, JN Shang, L Sun, B Hamers, RJ AF Yang, WS Baker, SE Butler, JE Lee, CS Russell, JN Shang, L Sun, B Hamers, RJ TI Electrically addressable biomolecular functionalization of conductive nanocrystalline diamond thin films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 938 EP 940 DI 10.1021/cm048060h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300004 ER PT J AU Abakumov, AM Rozova, MG Antipov, EV Hadermann, J Van Tendeloo, G Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Croft, M Tsiper, EV Llobet, A Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS AF Abakumov, AM Rozova, MG Antipov, EV Hadermann, J Van Tendeloo, G Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Croft, M Tsiper, EV Llobet, A Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS TI Synthesis, cation ordering, and magnetic properties of the (Sb1-xPbx)(2)(Mn1-ySby)O-4 solid solutions with the Sb2MnO4-Type structure SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MNSB2O4; OXIDES; FLUORIDES AB Single phase (Sb1-xPbx)(2)(Mn1-ySby)O-4 (0.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.608, 0.0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.372) samples with the Sb-2-MnO4-type structure were prepared at 650 C by solid-state reaction in evacuated sealed silica tubes. A replacement of Sb by Pb results in the oxidation of Sb3+ to Sb5+, which in turn replaces Mn2+ cations in octahedrally coordinated positions within the infinite rutile-type chains. The crystal structures of Pb-0.44-Sb1.64Mn0.92O4, Pb0.75Sb1.48Mn0.77O4, Pb1.07Sb1.26Mn0.67O4, and Pb1.186Sb1.175Mn0.639O4 were refined from X-ray powder diffraction data. Increasing the Pb content leads to a decrease of the a parameter from a = 8.719(2) Angstrom to a = 8.6131(8) Angstrom and to an increase of the c parameter from c = 5.999(2) Angstrom to c = 6.2485(7) Angstrom (for Sb2MnO4 and Pb1.216Sb1.155Mn0.628O4, respectively). This occurs due to increasing average cation size at the Pb/Sb position and decreasing cation size at the Mn/Sb position that leads to strong deformation of the (Mn/Sb)O-6 octahedra. Starting from the Pb(0.75)Sb(1.48)Mno(0.77)O(4) composition a modulated structure with q = yc* was observed by electron diffraction. Hig-resolution electron microscopy observations revealed that Mn and Sb ions order forming layers of octahedrally coordinated positions filled either by Mn2+ or by Sb5+ cations and alternating along the c axis. The dilution of the magnetic Mn-2divided by cations by nonmagnetic Sb5+ entities leads to a suppression of the antiferromagnetic intrachain interaction and disappearance of long-range magnetic order at high doping level. At T = 20 K the A(xy) spin component was found to be dominant in the AFM structure of the Pb(0.44)Sp(1.64)Mn(0.92)O(4) sample by neutron diffraction. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM abakumov@icr.chem.msu.ru RI Hadermann, Joke/F-4644-2011; Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012; Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Antipov, Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829; NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1134 DI 10.1021/cm048791h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300029 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Temperature and density effects on the local segmental and global chain dynamics of poly(oxybutylene) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Dielectric spectroscopy measurements over a broad range of temperature and pressure were carried out on poly(oxybutylene) (POB), a type A polymer (dielectrically active normal mode). There are three dynamic processes appearing at lower frequency: the normal and segmental relaxation modes and a conductivity arising from ionic impurities. In combination with pressure-volume-temperature measurements, the dielectric data were used to assess the respective roles of thermal energy and density in controlling the relaxation times and their variation with T and P. We find that the local segmental and the global relaxation times are both a single function of the product of the temperature times the specific volume, with the latter raised to the power of 2.65. The fact that this scaling exponent is the same for both modes indicates they are governed by the same local friction coefficient, an idea common to most models of polymer dynamics. Nevertheless, near T-g, their temperature dependences diverge. The magnitude of the scaling exponent reflects the relatively weak effect of density on the relaxation times. This is usual for polymers, as the intramolecular bonding, and thus interactions between directly bonded segments, are only weakly sensitive to pressure. This insensitivity also means that the chain end-to-end distance is invariant to P, conferring a near pressure independence of the (density-normalized) normal mode dielectric strength. The ionic conductivity dominates the low-frequency portion of the spectra. At lower temperatures and higher pressures, this conductivity becomes decoupled from the relaxation modes (different T dependence) and exhibits a significantly weaker density effect. At frequencies higher than the structural relaxation, both an excess wing on the flank of the alpha-peak and a secondary relaxation are observed. From their relative sensitivities to pressure, we ascribe the former to an unresolved Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation, while the higher frequency peak is unrelated to the glass transition. These designations are consistent with the relaxation time calculated for the JG process. The dynamic properties of the POB are essentially the same as those of poly(propylene glycol), in accord with their similar chemical structures. However, POB is less fragile (weaker T-g-normalized temperature dependence), its relaxation times are less sensitive to density changes, and, facilitating the measurements herein, its normal mode has a substantially larger dielectric strength. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 100 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1779 EP 1788 DI 10.1021/ma0476902 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200038 ER PT J AU Svendsen, SH Larsen, N Knudsen, B Eckermann, SD Browell, EV AF Svendsen, SH Larsen, N Knudsen, B Eckermann, SD Browell, EV TI Influence of mountain waves and NAT nucleation mechanisms on polar stratospheric cloud formation at local and synoptic scales during the 1999-2000 Arctic winter SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID PARTICLE FORMATION; NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; OZONE; DENITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURES; CLIMATOLOGY; AEROSOL; PSCS AB A scheme for introducing mountain wave- induced temperature pertubations in a microphysical PSC model has been developed. A data set of temperature fluctuations attributable to mountain waves as computed by the Mountain Wave Forecast Model (MWFM-2) has been used for the study. The PSC model has variable microphysics, enabling different nucleation mechanisms for nitric acid trihydrate, NAT, to be employed. In particular, the difference between the formation of NAT and ice particles in a scenario where NAT formation is not dependent on preexisting ice particles, allowing NAT to form at temperatures above the ice frost point, T-ice, and a scenario, where NAT nucleation is dependent on preexisting ice particles, is examined. The performance of the microphysical model in the different microphysical scenarios and a number of temperature scenarios with and without the influence of mountain waves is tested through comparisons with lidar measurements of PSCs made from the NASA DC-8 on 23 and 25 January during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign in the 1999-2000 winter and the effect of mountain waves on local PSC production is evaluated in the different microphysical scenarios. Mountain waves are seen to have a pronounced effect on the amount of ice particles formed in the simulations. Quantitative comparisons of the amount of solids seen in the observations and the amount of solids produced in the simulations show the best correspondence when NAT formation is allowed to take place at temperatures above Tice. Mountain wave-induced temperature fluctuations are introduced in vortex-covering model runs, extending the full 1999-2000 winter season, and the effect of mountain waves on large-scale PSC production is estimated in the different microphysical scenarios. It is seen that regardless of the choice of microphysics ice particles only form as a consequence of mountain waves whereas NAT particles form readily as a consequence of the synoptic conditions alone if NAT nucleation above T-ice is included in the simulations. Regardless of the choice of microphysics, the inclusion of mountain waves increases the amount of NAT particles by as much as 10%. For a given temperature scenario the choice of NAT nucleation mechanism may alter the amount of NAT substantially; three-fold increases are easily found when switching from the scenario which requires preexisting ice particles in order for NAT to form to the scenario where NAT forms independently of ice. C1 Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM shs@dmi.dk RI Larsen, Niels/G-3145-2014 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 739 EP 753 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904GZ UT WOS:000227485400001 ER PT J AU Noorhasan, M Lockette, W AF Noorhasan, M Lockette, W TI Cold potentiates alpha-2 adrenergic receptor-mediated platelet aggregation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1054 EP A1054 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900380 ER PT J AU Watson, RS Van Aken, JA Lockette, WE AF Watson, RS Van Aken, JA Lockette, WE TI Ephedrine inhibits alpha-2 adrenergic receptor-mediated platelet aggregation in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1053 EP A1054 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900379 ER PT J AU Bremseth, D Tobias, S Lockette, W AF Bremseth, D Tobias, S Lockette, W TI Decreased vascular reactivity in genetically hypertensive rats carrying a segment of chromosome 4 from normotensive Brown Norway rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A201 EP A202 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610701290 ER PT J AU Hayes, C Domanski, T Schlessman, J AF Hayes, C Domanski, T Schlessman, J TI Isolation and purification of proteins from the psychrophile Aquaspirillium arcticum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A315 EP A315 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610702173 ER PT J AU Meir, JU Stockard, TK Heil, J Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ AF Meir, JU Stockard, TK Heil, J Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ TI Air sac P-O2 and oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Calif San Diego, CMBB, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Tokyo, Int Coastal Res Ctr, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A671 EP A671 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610704562 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Ponganis, PJ Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA AF Stockard, TK Ponganis, PJ Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA TI Blood oxygen depletion during rest-associated apneas of elephant seals SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Limnol Inst, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A671 EP A671 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610704565 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Sng, MT Eckenrode, BA Leow, SY Koch, D Erickson, RP Lepage, CRJ Hook, GL AF Smith, PA Sng, MT Eckenrode, BA Leow, SY Koch, D Erickson, RP Lepage, CRJ Hook, GL TI Towards smaller and faster gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems for field chemical detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE field analysis; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; solid phase microextraction; resistive heating ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GC-MS; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; WARFARE AGENTS; INDOOR AIR; WATER; DERIVATIZATION; SAMPLES; DEVICE; PROBE AB Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is already an important laboratory method, but new sampling techniques and column heating approaches will expand and improve its usefulness for detection and identification of unknown chemicals in field settings. In order to demonstrate commercially-available technical advances for both sampling and column heating, we used solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampling of both water and air systems, followed by immediate analysis with a resistively heated analytical column and mass spectrometric detection. High-concern compounds ranging from 140 to 466 amu were analyzed to show the applicability of these techniques to emergency situations impacting public health. A field portable (about 35 kg) GC-MS system was used for analysis of water samples with a resistively heated analytical column externally mounted as a retrofit using the air bath oven of the original instrument design to heat transfer lines. The system used to analyze air samples included a laboratory mass spectrometer with a dedicated resistive column heating arrangement (no legacy air bath column oven). The combined sampling and analysis time was less than 10 min for both air and water sample types. By combining dedicated resistive column heating with smaller mass spectrometry systems designed specifically for use in the field, substantially smaller high performance field-portable instrumentation will be possible. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Ind Hyg Dept, San Diego, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Chem Def, DSO Natl Labs, Singapore, Singapore. Fed Bur Invest, Counterterrorism Forens Sci Res Unit, Quantico, VA USA. Def R&D Canada Suffield, Ralstona, AB, Canada. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Ind Hyg Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA USA. EM pasmith@nmcsd.med.navy.mil RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 1067 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.008 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 910IY UT WOS:000227925800027 PM 15844534 ER PT J AU Wu, HF Bernard, D Chen, WB Strahan, GD Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA Lewis, JW MacKerell, AD Coop, A AF Wu, HF Bernard, D Chen, WB Strahan, GD Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA Lewis, JW MacKerell, AD Coop, A TI Functionalization of the 6,14-bridge of the orvinols. 2. Preparation of 18- and 19-hydroxyl-substituted thevinols and their treatment with benzyl bromide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTORS; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; BUPRENORPHINE; ANALGESICS; CHEMISTRY; ANALOGS AB The etheno bridge of a thevinone was treated with BH3 and H2O2 to give both the 18- and 19-hydroxyl- substituted thevinols. Selective benzylation of the primary 20-hydroxyl over the 19-hydroxyl was successful; however, benzylation of the 18-hydroxylated product led to a reaction at the more hindered alcohol. Thus, the 6,14-bridge of the Diels-Alder products of thebaine can be hydroxylated, which opens up these positions for further chemical manipulation. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Coop, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St,Room 637, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM acoop@rx.umaryland.edu OI Bernard, Denzil/0000-0001-7529-3336; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; MacKerell, Alex/0000-0001-8287-6804 FU NIDA NIH HHS [Y1-DA1002-04, DA-13583] NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1907 EP 1910 DI 10.1021/jo048388 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 900XE UT WOS:000227246800053 PM 15730320 ER PT J AU Kim, MY Roy, R Aron, JL Carr, TW Schwartz, IB AF Kim, MY Roy, R Aron, JL Carr, TW Schwartz, IB TI Scaling behavior of laser population dynamics with time-delayed coupling: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DRIVEN LASER; OSCILLATORS; BIFURCATION; MODEL AB We study the influence of asymmetric coupling strengths on the onset of light intensity oscillations in an experimental system consisting of two semiconductor lasers cross coupled optoelectronically with a time delay. We discover a scaling law that relates the amplitudes of oscillations and the coupling strengths. These observations are in agreement with a theoretical model. These results could be applicable to the population dynamics of other systems, such as the spread of disease in human populations coupled by migration. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Commun Studies, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, MY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmyykim@glue.umd.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 8 AR 088101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.088101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 902VY UT WOS:000227386000072 PM 15783938 ER PT J AU Palummo, M Pulci, O Del Sole, R Marini, A Schwitters, M Haines, SR Williams, KH Martin, DS Weightman, P Butler, JE AF Palummo, M Pulci, O Del Sole, R Marini, A Schwitters, M Haines, SR Williams, KH Martin, DS Weightman, P Butler, JE TI Reflectance anisotropy spectra of the diamond (100)-(2x1) surface: Evidence of strongly bound surface state excitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-GAS; GREENS-FUNCTION; X-1) SURFACE; SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SI(100); C(100) AB We compare the results of ab initio calculations with measured reflection anisotropy spectra and show that strongly bound surface-state excitons occur on the clean diamond (100) surface. These excitons are found to have a binding energy close to 1 eV, the strongest ever observed at a semiconductor surface. Important electron-hole interaction effects on the line shape of the optical transitions above the surface-state gap are also found. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. INFM, Rome, Italy. UPV UHV, Ctr Mixto CISC, Fac Ciencias Quim UPV EHU, Dept Fis Mat, E-20018 San Sebastian, Basqua Contry, Spain. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian, Basqua Country, Spain. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via E Carnevale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Marini, Andrea/D-1813-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Marini, Andrea/0000-0001-9289-5750; Palummo, Maurizia/0000-0002-3097-8523 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 8 AR 087404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.087404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 902VY UT WOS:000227386000065 PM 15783931 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Lazio, JW Kassim, NE Ray, PS Markwardt, CB Yusef-Zadeh, F AF Hyman, SD Lazio, JW Kassim, NE Ray, PS Markwardt, CB Yusef-Zadeh, F TI A powerful bursting radio source towards the Galactic Centre SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; EMISSION; TRANSIENTS; SPECTRA; DWARFS; PULSAR; GALAXY AB Transient astronomical sources are typically powered by compact objects and usually signify highly explosive or dynamic events(1). Although high-time-resolution observations are often possible in radio astronomy(2), they are usually limited to quite narrow fields of view. The dynamic radio sky is therefore poorly sampled, in contrast to the situation in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands in which wide-field instruments routinely detect transient sources(3). Here we report a transient radio source, GCRT J1745 - 3009, which was detected during a moderately wide-field monitoring programme of the Galactic Centre region(4,5) at 0.33 GHz. The characteristics of its bursts are unlike those known for any other class of radio transient. If located in or near the Galactic Centre, its brightness temperature (, 10 16 K) and the implied energy density within GCRT J1745 - 3009 vastly exceed those observed in most other classes of radio astronomical sources(6), and are consistent with coherent emission processes(7) that are rarely observed. We conclude that it represents a hitherto unknown class of transient radio sources, the first of possibly many new classes that may be discovered by emerging wide-field radio telescopes(8). C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. EM shyman@sbc.edu OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7029 BP 50 EP 52 DI 10.1038/nature03400 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 902ED UT WOS:000227334600038 PM 15744294 ER PT J AU Kopke, R Bielefeld, E Liu, JZ Zheng, JF Jackson, R Henderson, D Coleman, JKM AF Kopke, R Bielefeld, E Liu, JZ Zheng, JF Jackson, R Henderson, D Coleman, JKM TI Prevention of impulse noise-induced hearing loss with antioxidants SO ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; chinchilla; evoked potential; hair cell; impulse noise; noise-induced hearing loss ID N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; GLUTATHIONE; SUPEROXIDE; PROTECTION; COCHLEA; INJURY AB Conclusion. These findings indicate a strong protective effect of ALCAR and NAC on impulse noise-induced cochlear damage, and suggest the feasibility of using clinically available antioxidant compounds to protect the ear from acute acoustic injury. Objective. Reactive oxygen species have been shown to play a significant role in noise-induced hearing loss. In the current study, the protective effects of two antioxidants, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and N-L-acetylcysteine ( NAC), were investigated in a chinchilla model of hearing loss resulting from impulse noise. It was hypothesized that pre- and post-treatment with these antioxidants would ameliorate the effects of impulse noise compared to saline-treated controls. Material and methods. Eighteen animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups and exposed to impulse noise at a level of 155 dB peak SPL for 150 repetitions. ALCAR or NAC were administered twice daily (b.i.d.) for 2 days and 1 h prior to and 1 h following noise exposure, and then b.i.d. for the following 2 days. For the control group, saline was injected at the same time points. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded. Cochlear surface preparations were made to obtain cytocochleograms. Results. Three weeks after exposure, permanent threshold shifts for the experimental groups were significantly reduced to approximate to10-30 dB less than that for the control group (p < 0.01). Less hair cell loss was also observed in the ALCAR and NAC groups than in the control group. C1 Hough Ear Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Hearing & Deafness, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kopke, R (reprint author), Hough Ear Inst, 3400 NW 56 St, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. EM rickkopke@swbell.net RI Bielefeld, Eric/D-2015-2012 NR 25 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6489 J9 ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL JI Acta Oto-Laryngol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 125 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1080/00016480410023038 PG 9 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 903LK UT WOS:000227427200002 PM 15966690 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, CE TI Work and energy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 197 EP 198 DI 10.1119/1.1842752 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 898YI UT WOS:000227111700003 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Haemmerle, MJ Stabile, KJ Vogrin, TM Harner, CD AF Sekiya, JK Haemmerle, MJ Stabile, KJ Vogrin, TM Harner, CD TI Biomechanical analysis of a combined double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Meeting of the AOSSM CY JUL, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); posterolateral corner; biomechanics; knee; ligament ID IN-SITU FORCES; TERM FOLLOW-UP; KNEE-JOINT; DEFICIENT KNEE; POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; NATURAL-HISTORY; MUSCLE LOADS; INJURIES; STABILITY; COMPLEX AB Background: Failure to address both components of a combined posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner injury has been implicated as a reason for abnormal biomechanics and inferior clinical results. Hypothesis: Combined double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction restores the kinematics and in situ forces of the intact knee ligaments. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a robotic testing system through sequential cutting and reconstructing of the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner. The knees were subjected to a 134-N posterior tibial load and a 5-N(.)m external tibial torque at multiple flexion angles. The double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed using Achilles and semitendinosus tendons. The posterolateral corner reconstruction consisted of reattaching the popliteus tendon to its femoral origin and reconstructing the popliteofibular ligament with a gracilis tendon. Results: Under the posterior load, the combined reconstruction reduced posterior translation to within 1.2 +/- 1.5 mm of the intact knee. The in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament grafts were significantly less than those in the native posterior cruciate ligament at all angles except full extension. Conversely, the forces in the posterolateral corner grafts were significantly higher than those in the native structures at all angles. Under the external torque with the combined reconstruction, external rotation as well as in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner grafts were not different from the intact knee. Conclusions: A combined posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction can restore intact knee kinematics at time zero. In situ forces in the intact posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner were not reproduced by the reconstruction; however, the posterolateral corner reconstruction reduced the loads experienced by the posterior cruciate ligament grafts. Clinical Relevance: By addressing both structures of this combined injury, this technique restores native kinematics under the applied loads at fixed flexion angles and demonstrates load sharing among the grafts creating a potentially protective effect against early failure of the posterior cruciate ligament grafts but with increased force in the posterolateral corner construct. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Musculoskeletal Res Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone Joint Soprts Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Harner, CD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM harnercd@msx.upmc.edu NR 46 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1177/0363546504268039 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 898XH UT WOS:000227109000004 PM 15716251 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Butler, R Plichta, J Francis, M AF Lucha, PA Butler, R Plichta, J Francis, M TI The economic impact of early enteral feeding in gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective survey of 51 consecutive patients SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY FEB 11-15, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP SE Surg Congress ID ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY; NASOGASTRIC DECOMPRESSION; RECTAL SURGERY; COLON; METAANALYSIS; LAPAROTOMY; TRIAL; SAFE AB Early postoperative oral feeding has been demonstrated to be safe and not increase postoperative morbidity. There are conflicting reports about its effect on postoperative length of stay. Some patients will fail attempts at early postoperative feeding and may be relegated to a longer postoperative course. Few studies to date have attempted to identify cost savings associated with early oral support, and those identified address nasoenteric support only. Fifty-one consecutive patients were randomized into either a traditional postoperative feeding group or an early postoperative feeding group after their gastrointestinal surgery. Length of hospital stay, hospital costs (excluding operating room costs), morbidity, and time to tolerance of a diet were compared. There was a tendency toward increased nasogastric tube use in the early feeding arm, but the morbidity rates were similar. Length of hospital stay and costs were similar in both arms. Early postoperative enteral support does not reduce hospital stay, nursing workload, or costs. It may come at a cost of higher nasogastric tube use, however, without an increase in postoperative morbidity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI CUMMING PA 115 SAMARITAN DR, #200, CUMMING, GA 30040-2354 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 914KA UT WOS:000228225200001 PM 15869128 ER PT J AU Salmoni, BA AF Salmoni, BA TI Arabs at war: Military effectiveness, 1948-1991. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Salmoni, BA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 471 EP 473 DI 10.1177/0095327X0503100310 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 925AU UT WOS:000229024700009 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Mannery, E Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Menard, B Munn, JA Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Raddick, MJ Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, IN Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Mannery, E Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Menard, B Munn, JA Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Raddick, MJ Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, IN Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The third data release of the Sloan digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; GALAXY SAMPLE; ALL-SKY; STARS AB This paper describes the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This release, containing data taken up through 2003 June, includes imaging data in five bands over 5282 deg(2), photometric and astrometric catalogs of the 141 million objects detected in these imaging data, and spectra of 528,640 objects selected over 4188 deg(2). The pipelines analyzing both images and spectroscopy are unchanged from those used in our Second Data Release. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Part Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. New Mexico Inst Technol, Magdalena Ridge Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estud Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Univ, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astron & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR4, MS D448, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Akad Pedog Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS4, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, FNRS, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CO Inst Cosm Ray Res, Japan Participat Grp, Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Tan, Joshua/0000-0003-3835-8115 NR 24 TC 555 Z9 559 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 129 IS 3 BP 1755 EP 1759 DI 10.1086/427544 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904UL UT WOS:000227523100039 ER PT J AU Rust, DM Anderson, BJ Andrews, MD Acuna, MH Russell, CT Schuck, PW Mulligan, T AF Rust, DM Anderson, BJ Andrews, MD Acuna, MH Russell, CT Schuck, PW Mulligan, T TI Comparison of interplanetary disturbances at the NEAR spacecraft with coronal mass ejections at the Sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission ID HELICAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FLUX-ROPES; SOLAR-WIND; CLOUDS; FILAMENTS; ULYSSES; LASCO; STREAMER; ORIGIN; SOHO AB We examined interplanetary (IP) magnetic field disturbances recorded by the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Shoemaker spacecraft ( NEAR) when it was above either the east or west solar limb as seen from Earth; we then identified the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected above the limbs by the SOHO LASCO coronagraph. We found 10 cases in which a nonrecurring IP disturbance could be associated with a CME. Eight of the disturbances included a magnetic flux rope signature. Flux rope chirality and axis orientation were determined for each one and compared with chirality and axis orientation at the Sun, as inferred from flux rope signatures filaments and sigmoids - that could be associated with the CMEs. In most cases, the chirality and orientation inferred from these preeruption flux rope signatures agreed well with the flux rope signatures at NEAR. These results suggest, in agreement with Plunkett and coworkers, that the flux ropes existed prior to eruption and that the flux ropes on the Sun become flux ropes in IP space. Comparisons of the CME speeds to the time-of-flight average speeds showed that flux ropes are less accelerated or decelerated by the solar wind than are the CME leading edges. These results imply that the faint features or loops that make up the CME leading edges are probably distinct from the flux ropes. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Magnetospheres Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Rust, DM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 1 BP 524 EP 536 DI 10.1086/427401 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DR UT WOS:000227406200047 ER PT J AU Becker, PA Wolff, MT AF Becker, PA Wolff, MT TI Spectral formation in X-ray pulsar accretion columns SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : analytical; pulsars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; shock waves; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRON STARS; COMPTONIZATION; MODELS; PERSEI AB We present the first self-consistent model for the dynamics and the radiative transfer occurring in bright X-ray pulsar accretion columns, with a special focus on the role of the shock in energizing the emerging X-rays. The pressure inside the accretion column of a luminous X-ray pulsar is dominated by the photons, and consequently the equations describing the coupled radiative-dynamical structure must be solved simultaneously. Spectral formation in these sources is therefore a complex, nonlinear phenomenon. We obtain the analytical solution for the Green's function describing the upscattering of monochromatic radiation injected into the column from the thermal mound located near the base of the flow. The Green's function is convolved with a Planck distribution to model the X-ray spectrum resulting from the reprocessing of blackbody photons produced in the thermal mound. These photons diffuse through the infalling gas and eventually escape out the walls of the column, forming the observed X-ray spectrum. We show that the resulting column-integrated, phase-averaged spectrum has a power-law shape at high energies and a blackbody shape at low energies, in agreement with the observational data for many X-ray pulsars. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Becker, PA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pbecker@gmu.edu; michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/428927 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DT UT WOS:000227406400012 ER PT J AU Warren, HP AF Warren, HP TI A solar minimum irradiance spectrum for wavelengths below 1200 angstrom SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET SUN; TRANSITION REGION; EMISSION-LINES; EUV IRRADIANCE; ATOMIC DATABASE; SUMER TELESCOPE AB NRLEUV represents an independent approach to modeling the Sun's EUV irradiance and its variability. Our model utilizes differential emission measure distributions derived from spatially and spectrally resolved solar observations, full-disk solar images, and a database of atomic physics parameters to calculate the solar EUV irradiance. In this paper we present a new solar minimum irradiance spectrum for wavelengths below 1200 Angstrom. This spectrum is based on extensive observations of the quiet Sun taken with the CDS and SUMER spectrometers on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the most recent version of the CHIANTI atomic physics database. In general, we find excellent agreement between this new irradiance spectrum and our previous quiet-Sun reference spectrum derived primarily from Harvard Skylab observations. Our analysis does show that the quiet-Sun emission measure above about 1 MK declines more rapidly than in our earlier emission measure distribution and that the intensities of the EUV free-bound continua at some wavelengths are somewhat smaller than indicated by the Harvard observations. Our new reference spectrum is also generally consistent with recent irradiance observations taken near solar minimum. There are, however, two areas of persistent disagreement. Our solar spectrum indicates that the irradiance measurements overestimate the contribution of the EUV free-bound continua at some wavelengths by as much as a factor of 10. Our model also cannot reproduce the observed irradiances at wavelengths below about 150 Angstrom. Comparisons with spectrally resolved solar and stellar observations indicate that only a small fraction of the emission lines in the 60 - 120 Angstrom wavelength range are accounted for in CHIANTI. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 157 IS 1 BP 147 EP 173 DI 10.1086/427171 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DK UT WOS:000227405500006 ER PT J AU Eissner, W Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Eissner, W Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ar XII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RESONANCE LINES; S-X; COLLISION STRENGTHS; DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONIZED ARGON; IONS; ANGSTROM AB Electron impact collision strengths are computed for Ar XII in a distorted wave approach and energy levels, oscillator strengths, spontaneous radiative decay rates for the collision target, as well as collisional high energy limits are obtained from an atomic structure calculation. The target expansion comprises the six spectroscopic configurations 2s(2)p(3), 2s2p(4), 2p(5), 2s(2)2p(2)3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, and 2s(2)2p(2)3d, giving rise to 72 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies: 35, 70, 105, 140, and 175 Ry. They are complemented by Coulomb-Born limits towards infinite collision energy for forbidden transitions and line strengths for optically allowed transitions. Excitation rate coefficients are obtained as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e/K = 6.4, corresponding to maximum abundance of Ar XII. Relative spectral line intensities are also calculated. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Theoret Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bhatia@moksha.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 139 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.02.001 PG 56 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 925BX UT WOS:000229027600002 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for NeIII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EMISSION-LINES; EXCITATION; CHIANTI; IONS; NI AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ne III. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), 2p(6), 2s(2)2p(3)3s, 2s(2)2p(3)3p, and 2s(2)2p(3)3d giving rise to 86 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 5.2, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Ry. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8) to 10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e (K) = 5.0, corresponding to maximum abundance of Ne III. Relative spectral line intensities are calculated. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bhatia@moksha.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 195 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.02.003 PG 71 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 925BX UT WOS:000229027600003 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Urry, DW AF Karle, IL Urry, DW TI Crystal structure of cyclic (APGVGV)(2,) an analog of elastin, and a suggested mechanism for elongation/contraction of the molecule SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE analog of elastin; conformation of c-(APGVGV)(2); control of extension1contraction by water molecule; corrugated beta-sheets; crystal structure analysis by x-rays; unanticipated c-[APGVGV-APG(beta-V)GV-] ID PURIFICATION; TROPOELASTIN; SEQUENCES; PEPTIDES; INVITRO; PROTEIN; AMINO AB Tropoelastin is a complex polymeric protein composed primarily of repeating segments of Val-Pro-Gly-Gly, Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, and Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val that occurs in connective tissue and arteries. It has rubber-like extensible properties. A synthetic cyclic dodecapeptide, with a double repeat of the hexapeptide sequence, has been shown to undergo a reversible inverse temperature transition; that is, crystals grow at 60degreesC and dissolve in the mother liquor upon cooling. An x-ray crystal structure analysis established that the cyclic backbone formed an elongated loop with a Pro-Gly, type II beta turn at both ends. Six internal cross strand NH...OC hydrogen bonds form between six NH donors and four O = C acceptors where two of the carbonyl O atoms are bifurcated acceptors. As a result, the molecule is pulled up into a corrugated profile. The corrugated loops form extended P-sheets by additional intermolecular hydrogen bonds. An analysis of the dome region in a corrugated sheet suggests a reversible mechanism for extending and contracting the length of the whole molecule, akin to the motion of opening and closing an umbrella, caused by the motion of a water molecule with its associated hydrogen bonds acting as spokes. Crystal parameters: C44H72N12O12.3H(2)O, sp. gr. P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 9.212 Angstrom, b = 19.055 Angstrom, c = 32.247 Angstrom, d = 1.157 g/cm(3). (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.arl.navy.mil FU PHS HHS [30902] NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD MAR PY 2005 VL 77 IS 4 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1002/bip.20214 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 900XZ UT WOS:000227248900003 PM 15666330 ER PT J AU Luo, GX Peng, DZ Zheng, JS Chen, XW Wu, J Elster, E Tadaki, D AF Luo, GX Peng, DZ Zheng, JS Chen, XW Wu, J Elster, E Tadaki, D TI The role of NO in macrophage dysfunction at early stage after burn injury SO BURNS LA English DT Article DE burn; NO; macrophage; dysfunction; early stage ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; FACTOR-ALPHA EXPRESSION; THERMAL-INJURY; PROSTAGLANDIN E(2); CYTOKINES; CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SUBPOPULATIONS; PROLIFERATION; SUPPRESSION AB Aim: To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage dysfunction at early stage after burn injury. Method: Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured from early stage burnt mice. NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in the macrophages were checked by the Greiss method and real-time PCR (TaqMan), respectively. L-Arginine, the substrate of NO producing, or N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competing blocker of NOS was administered to the culture, the changes of NO, TNF-alpha and PGE2 productions were measured, additionally the changes of the iNOS, TNF-a and COX-2 expression were assayed by real-time PCR. After that, the effects of L-arginine and L-NMMA were determined on burnt macrophage influencing the proliferation of normal splenic lymphocytes. Result: A large amount of NO was produced by macrophages from post burn hour 6 (6PBH) with a high level of iNOS expression. L-Arginine could increase NO production in a dosage-dependent manner, while L-NMMA attenuated NO production, but neither could affect iNOS expression. Moreover, L-arginine enhanced productions of both the latter produced TNF-a and PGE2 from burnt macrophages, and the expressions of TNF-a and COX-2 were improved significantly, while L-NMMA did reverse ways. It was found that macrophages from post burn hour 24 mice could inhibit Con A-stimulated normal splenic lymphocytes dramatically, L-NMMA could decrease this function significantly, but L-arginine could not influence the suppression. Conclusion: Our experiment indicated NO derived from burnt macrophage played a vital role in macrophage producing excessive TNF-a and PGE2, and suppressing lymphocyte function at early stage after burn injure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved. C1 Third Mil Med Univ, SW Hosp, Burn Res Inst, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China. USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat & Radit Injury Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Third Mil Med Univ, SW Hosp, Burn Res Inst, 30 Gaotanyan St, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China. EM Junwupro@cta.cq.cn NR 35 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD MAR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2004.09.009 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 900AD UT WOS:000227186900003 PM 15683683 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Chaotic systems that are robust to added noise SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONIZATION; CHANNELS; COMMUNICATION; CIRCUITS AB While added noise can destroy synchronization in synchronized chaotic systems, it was shown that some chaotic systems were not sensitive to added noise. In this paper, the mechanism for this noise resistance is explored. It is seen that part of the chaotic system acts like it is resonant, reducing the noise sensitivity of the system. By comparing to a model of a neuron, it is speculated that similar mechanisms may also be present in biological systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 AR 013901 DI 10.1063/1.1827451 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 930TN UT WOS:000229440100021 PM 15836275 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Chaotic system for self-synchronizing Doppler measurement SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB In a radar system, it is necessary to measure both range and velocity of a target. The movement of the target causes a Doppler shift of the radar signal, and the size of the Doppler shift is used to measure the velocity of the target. In this work, a chaotic drive-response system is simulated that detects a Doppler shift in a chaotic signal. The response system can detect Doppler shifts in more than one signal at a time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 AR 013109 DI 10.1063/1.1855034 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 930TN UT WOS:000229440100009 PM 15836263 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG AF Zhou, H Forest, MG TI A numerical study of unsteady, thermal, glass fiber drawing processes SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE MacCormack scheme; flux limiting; thermal glass fiber drawing ID SPINNING EQUATIONS; MODEL; JETS AB An efficient second-order stable numerical method is presented to solve the model partial differential equations of thermal glass fiber processing. The physical process and structure of the model equations are described first. The numerical issues are then clarified. The heart of our method is a MacCormack scheme with flux limiting. The numerical method is validated on a linearized isothermal model and by comparison with known exact stationary solutions. The numerical method is then generalized to solve the equations of motion of thermal glass fiber drawing, exhibiting order of convergence. Further, the nonlinear PDE scheme is benchmarked against an independent linearized stability analysis of boundary value solutions near the onset of instability, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method. C1 USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.navy.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 27 EP 45 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 015BO UT WOS:000235527100003 ER PT J AU Gorti, S Konnert, J Forsythe, EL Pusey, ML AF Gorti, S Konnert, J Forsythe, EL Pusey, ML TI Effects of kinetic roughening and liquid-liquid phase transition on lysozyme crystal growth velocities SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-WATER SOLUTION; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; GAUSSIAN LIGHT; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; BINARY MIXTURE; SALT-WATER; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We measured the growth velocities of the (110) face of tetragonal lysozyme, V (cm/s), at four different concentrations, c (mg/mL), as the solution temperature, T (degrees C or K), was reduced. For a broad range of T dependent on c, we find that the growth velocities increased as the solution temperature was reduced. The initial increase in V is well characterized by the 2D nucleation model for crystal growth, yielding the magnitude of an effective barrier for growth, gamma(s) = (1.2 +/- 0.1) x 10(-13) erg/molecule. Below certain temperatures, T-cr, dependent on c, however, a kinetic roughening hypothesis that considers the continuous addition of molecules anywhere on the crystal surface better describes the observed growth velocities. The application of the continuous growth model, up to the solution cloud-point temperatures, T,1, enabled the determinations of the crossover concentration, c(r), from estimated values of T-cr. all conditions presented, we find that the crossover from growth by 2D nucleation to continuous addition occurs at a supersaturation, sigma(c) = 2.0 +/- 0.1. Moreover, we find the energy barrier for the continuous addition, E, within the temperature range T-cl < T < T-cr to be (6 +/- 1) x 10(-13) erg/molecule. Further reduction of T below similar to 3-4 degrees C of T-cl also revealed a rapid slowing of crystal growth velocities. From quasi-elastic light scattering investigations, we find that the rapid diminishment of crystal growth velocities can be accounted for by the phase behavior of lysozyme solutions. Namely, we find the reversible formation of dense fluid protodroplets comprised of lysozyme molecules to occur below T-cl. Hence, the rapid slowing of growth velocities occurs as a result of the sudden depletion of "mobile" molecules within crystal growth solutions as dense fluid protodroplets form. C1 NASA, BAE Syst, MSFC, Phys & Biol Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorti, S (reprint author), NASA, BAE Syst, MSFC, Phys & Biol Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM sridhar.gorti-1@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1021/cg049696o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 903GW UT WOS:000227414900024 ER PT J AU Polonsky, WH Fisher, L Earles, J Dudl, RJ Lees, J Mullan, J Jackson, RA AF Polonsky, WH Fisher, L Earles, J Dudl, RJ Lees, J Mullan, J Jackson, RA TI Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes - Development of the Diabetes Distress Scale SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PROBLEM AREAS; MARITAL RELATIONSHIP; INTENSIVE TREATMENT; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS; VALIDITY AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this Study was to describe the development of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), a new instrument for the assessment of diabetes-related emotional distress, based on four independent patient samples. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - in consultation with patients and professionals from multiple disciplines, a preliminary scale of 28 items was developed, based a priori on four distress-related domains: emotional burden subscale, physician-related distress subscale, regimen-related distress subscale, and diabetes-related interpersonal distress. The new instrument was included in a larger battery of questionnaires used in diabetes studies at four diverse Sites: waiting room at a primary care clinic (n = 200), waiting room at a diabetes specialty clinic (n = 179), a diabetes management Study program (n = 167), and an ongoing diabetes management progam (n = 158). RESULTS - Exploratory factor analyses revealed four factors consistent across sites (involving 17 of the 28 items) that matched the critical content domains identified earlier. The correlation between the 28-item and 17-item scales was very high (r = 0.99). The mean correlation between the 17-item total score (DDS) and the four subscales was high (r = 0.82), but the pattern of interscale correlations suggested that the subscales, although not totally independent, tapped into relatively different areas of diabetes-related distress. Internal reliability of the DDS and the four subscales was adequate (alpha > 0.87), and validity coefficients yielded significant linkages with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, meal planning, exercise, and total cholesterol. Insulin users evidenced the highest mean DDS total scores, whereas diet-controlled subjects displayed the lowest scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS - The DDS has a consistent, generalizable factor structure and good internal reliability and validity across four different clinical sites. The new instrument may serve as a valuable measure of diabetes-related emotional distress for use in research and clinical practice. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Polonsky, WH (reprint author), CDE,POB 2148, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. EM whpolonsky@aol.com NR 19 TC 274 Z9 285 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.3.626 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 903ME UT WOS:000227429200021 PM 15735199 ER PT J AU Baron, C Wade, M Deneuville, A Bustarret, E Kocinievski, T Chevalier, J Uzan-Saguy, C Kalish, R Butler, J AF Baron, C Wade, M Deneuville, A Bustarret, E Kocinievski, T Chevalier, J Uzan-Saguy, C Kalish, R Butler, J TI Excitonic recombinations and energy levels of highly boron doped homoepitaxial diamond films before and after hydrogenation SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides, and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 12-17, 2004 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY SP Aixtron AG, Diamond Business-Magazine, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Roth & Rau AG, Seki Technotron Corp DE CVD diamond; cathodoluminescence; post-hydrogenation; excitons and defects ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; DIFFUSION; VACANCIES; DEFECTS AB The incorporation of approximate to 10(19) B-cm(-3) has several effects in the cathodoluminescence spectra of homoepitaxial MPCVD film: (1) the TO free exciton and all the boron-bound excitons' peaks broaden and shift downward in energy ("electronic" effect). Plasma post-hydrogenation (P-H) destroys all of them. (2) It induces a low concentration of several species of defects ("structural" effect): (i) a broad band around 4.99 eV with a shoulder around 4.86 eV, small bands on a broad 4.68 eV band, peaks and bands between 2.9 and 4.5 eV, the "2.8 eV"A band. They originate from B-induced species of defects only existing when [B]>= approximate to 10(19) cm(-3). Most of them disappear after P-H. (ii) broad bands around 3.65, 4.1 and 4.68 eV. They originate from B-induced species of defects already existing when [B]< 10(17) cm(-3). P-H prevents the formation of free exciton, doesn't induce any new defect giving radiative recombination above 2.6 eV, heals some structural defects of diamond. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, LEPES, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Grenoble, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CNRS, LPSC, F-92195 Meudon, France. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deneuville, A (reprint author), CNRS, LEPES, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM deneuvil@grenoble.cnrs.fr RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3-7 SI SI BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.01.009 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 935AP UT WOS:000229751400021 ER PT J AU Hamers, RJ Butler, JE Lasseter, T Nichols, BM Russell, JN Tse, KY Yang, WS AF Hamers, RJ Butler, JE Lasseter, T Nichols, BM Russell, JN Tse, KY Yang, WS TI Molecular and biomolecular monolayers on diamond as an interface to biology SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides, and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 12-17, 2004 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY SP Aixtron AG, Diamond Business-Magazine, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Roth & Rau AG, Seki Technotron Corp DE diamond film; sensors; biomaterials; electrical properties ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; THIN-FILMS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; SURFACES; RESISTANCE; GLYCOL); ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HYBRIDIZATION; BIOSENSORS AB Covalent modification of diamond surfaces with molecular monolayers serves as a starting point for linking biomolecules such as DNA and proteins to surfaces. DNA-modified diamond surfaces show excellent selectivity for hybridization with complementary vs. noncomplementary sequences and outstanding stability. These biomolecular recognition events also lead to changes in the conductivity of the interface via a molecular field effect in which the negative charge oil the DNA molecules alters the conductivity ill the diamond thin film. Chemical modification of the diamond with ethylene glycol oligomers leads to surfaces that effectively resist the nonspecific adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules to the surface. These outstanding physical and chemical properties of chemically modified diamond surfaces present new opportunities for the use of diamond thin films in biological applications. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625; Clare, Tami/0000-0003-2154-6275 NR 32 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3-7 SI SI BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.09.018 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 935AP UT WOS:000229751400081 ER PT J AU Pilone, M AF Pilone, M TI Making a scene with Java3D SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pilone, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mpilone@botch.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 893BW UT WOS:000226695300011 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, CE TI Another comment on 'Eccentricity as a vector' SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Defining the eccentricity vector as the dimensionless Runge-Lenz vector provides an alternative elementary derivation of the Keplerian polar orbit equation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP L7 EP L9 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/26/2/L01 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 916SF UT WOS:000228405600010 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, MP Flack, KA TI Outer layer similarity in fully rough turbulent boundary layers SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; WALL; FLOW AB Turbulent boundary layer measurements were made on a. at plate covered with uniform spheres and also on the same surface with the addition of a finer-scale grit roughness. The measurements were carried out in a closed return water tunnel, over a momentum thickness Reynolds number (Re-theta) range of 3,000 - 15,000, using a two-component, laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The results show that the mean profiles for all the surfaces collapse well in velocity defect form. Using the maximum peak to trough height (R-t) as the roughness length scale (k), the roughness functions (Delta U+) for both surfaces collapse, indicating that roughness texture has no effect on Delta U+. The Reynolds stresses for the two rough surfaces also show good agreement throughout the entire boundary layer and collapse with smooth wall results outside of the roughness sublayer. Quadrant analysis and the velocity triple products show changes in the rough wall boundary layers that are confined to y< 8k(s), where k(s) is the equivalent sand roughness height. The present results provide support for Townsend's wall similarity hypothesis for uniform three-dimensional roughness. However, departures from wall similarity may be observed for rough surfaces where 5k(s) is large compared to the thickness of the inner layer. C1 USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 328 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0903-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 980JY UT WOS:000233016000006 ER PT J AU Monk, BJ Wang, JM Im, S Stock, RJ Peters, WA Liu, PY Barrett, RJ Berek, JS Souhami, L Grigsby, PW Gordon, W Alberts, DS AF Monk, BJ Wang, JM Im, S Stock, RJ Peters, WA Liu, PY Barrett, RJ Berek, JS Souhami, L Grigsby, PW Gordon, W Alberts, DS TI Rethinking the use of radiation and chemotherapy after radical hysterectomy: a clinical-pathologic analysis of a Gynecologic Oncology Group/Southwest Oncology Group/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cisplatin; radiation; radiosensitization; radical hysterectomy ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; STAGE-IB; PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; SURVIVAL; SURGERY; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB Objective. To retrospectively analyze data from a previously reported randomized trial of either pelvic radiation (RT) or RT + chemotherapy (CT) in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with positive pelvic lymph nodes, parametrial involvement, or surgical margins; to explore associations between RT + CT; and to investigate histopathologic and clinical factors which might be predictive of recurrence. Methods. Histopathologic sections from biopsies and hysterectomies and clinical data were reviewed from patients with stage IA2, III, or IIA cervical cancer treated with RT or RT + CT (cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) plus fluorouracil 1000 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for four cycles). A univariate analysis was performed because the relatively small sample size limited the interpretation of a multivariate analysis. Results. Of the 268 enrolled women, 243 (RT = 116; RT + CT = 127) were evaluable. The beneficial effect of adjuvant CT was not strongly associated with patient age, histological type, or tumor grade. The prognostic significance of histological type, tumor size, number of positive nodes, and parametrial extension in the RT group was less apparent when CT was added. The absolute improvement in 5-year survival for adjuvant CT in patients with tumors <= 2 cm was only 5% (77% versus 82%), while for those with tumors > 2 cm it was 19% (58% versus 77%). Similarly, the absolute 5-year survival benefit was less evident among patients with one nodal metastasis (79% versus 83%) than when at least two nodes were positive (55% versus 75%). Conclusions. In this exploratory, hypothesis-generating analysis, adding CT to RT after radical hysterectomy, appears to provide a smaller absolute benefit when only one node is positive or when the tumor size is < 2 cm. Further study of the role of CT after radical hysterectomy in patients with a low risk of recurrence may be warranted. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Chao Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Irvine Med Ctr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp, State & Data Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Piedmont Gynecol Oncol, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. McGill Univ, Div Radiat Oncol, Dept Oncol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Deke Skayton Canc Ctr, Dept Radiotherapy, Webster, TX 77598 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Monk, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Chao Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Irvine Med Ctr, 101 City Dr,Bldg 23,Room 107, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM bjmonk@uci.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 27469, CA 37517, K23 CA87558] NR 16 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.11.007 PG 8 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 906BN UT WOS:000227615600022 PM 15721417 ER PT J AU Richter, A Pladevall, M Manjunath, R Lafata, JE Xi, H Simpkins, J Brar, I Markowitz, N Iloeje, UH Irish, W AF Richter, A Pladevall, M Manjunath, R Lafata, JE Xi, H Simpkins, J Brar, I Markowitz, N Iloeje, UH Irish, W TI Patient characteristics and costs associated with dyslipidaemia and related conditions in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective cohort study SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE costs; disease burden; dyslipidaemia; HAART; HIV; medical resource use ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FASTING HYPERINSULINEMIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; POSITIVE PATIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FAT DISTRIBUTION; INCREASED RISK AB Background Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals and, although multifactorial in origin, have been strongly associated with antiretroviral therapy. Methods Using automated claims and clinical databases, combined with medical record data, we evaluated the burden of dyslipidaemia (DYS) and associated metabolic abnormalities among a cohort of 900 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and older who received their care from a large multispecialty medical group between I January 1996 and 30 June 2002. A Cox proportional hazards model for DYS was developed. Resource use was compiled and subsequently costed with stratification to account for variable length of follow-up. Results Mean follow-up time was 3.3 years. DYS was present in 54% of the cohort and 3.4% experienced a cardiovascular (CV) event. Both unadjusted and adjusted results found patients with dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular events significantly more likely to have received protease inhibitor (PI) treatment for longer periods of time. In the Cox proportional hazards model the following factors were significantly associated with an increased risk for DYS: older age, white race, PI use and male sex. Diagnoses of hypertension, hepatitis C virus infection, depression or opportunistic infections were all negatively associated with a DYS diagnosis. When controlled for length of follow up, patients with DYS (and no CV-related events) incurred greater median and mean total average costs than patients without DYS or CV-related events. For patients with more than 2 years of follow up, these total cost differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate that DYS is common among patients with HIV infection and is associated with increased use of medical resources. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Detroit, MI USA. RTI Int, RTI Hlth Solut, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Div Infect Dis Clin, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, 1522 Cunningham Rd,Code 64 Rt, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM arichter@nps.edu RI Richter, Anke/I-9050-2012 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00269.x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 909LY UT WOS:000227862600004 PM 15807713 ER PT J AU Ziegler, MG Rizos, DP AF Ziegler, MG Rizos, DP TI The causes of postural cardiovascular disorders SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Reg Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ziegler, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM mziegler@ucsd.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 354 EP 355 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000158260.46156.b7 PG 2 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 900NF UT WOS:000227220900010 PM 15710781 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Altman, E Ephremides, A Macker, JP Russell, HB Steenstrup, M Wicker, SB AF Wieselthier, JE Altman, E Ephremides, A Macker, JP Russell, HB Steenstrup, M Wicker, SB TI Guest Editorial - Wireless ad hoc networks - Part II SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INRIA, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Stow Res LLC, Flanders, NJ 07836 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2005.843809 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 903DA UT WOS:000227404400001 ER PT J AU Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ TI Excess amplitude and excess phase noise of RF photodiodes operated in compression SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear distortions; nonlinearities; phase noise (PN); photodetectors; photodiodes ID DESIGN; LASERS AB We present a study of amplitude noise (AN) and residual phase noise (PN) in radio-frequency (RF) photodetectors. Using a heterodyned optical source with a 1-GHz beat frequency, the AN and residual PN spectra of p-i-n photodiodes were measured and found to vary with the level of space-charge-induced RF compression, hereby quantifing the excess AN and PN in the photodetection process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.tulchinsky@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.842398 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 899IP UT WOS:000227138400046 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA TI Exploiting manifold geometry in hyperspectral imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr DE Airborne Visible Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF); compression; Cuprite; geodesic distance; hyperspectral; isometric mapping (ISOMAP); land-cover classification; linear mixture; local linear embedding (LLE); manifold coordinates; nonlinearity; PROBE2; Virginia Coast Reserve ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; CLASSIFICATION; CLASSIFIERS; VEGETATION; SYSTEM; ORASIS AB A new algorithm for exploiting the nonlinear structure of hyperspectral imagery is developed and compared against the de facto standard of linear mixing. This new approach seeks a manifold coordinate system that preserves geodesic distances in the high-dimensional hyperspectral data space. Algorithms for deriving manifold coordinates, such as isometric mapping (ISOMAP), have been developed for other applications. ISOMAP guarantees a globally optimal solution, but is computationally practical only for small datasets because of computational and memory requirements. Here, we develop a hybrid technique to circumvent ISOMAP's computational cost. We divide the scene into a set of smaller tiles. The manifolds derived from the individual tiles are then aligned and stitched together to recomplete the scene. Several alignment methods are discussed. This hybrid approach exploits the fact that ISOMAP guarantees a globally optimal solution for each tile and the presumed similarity of the manifold structures derived from different tiles. Using land-cover classification of hyperspectral imagery in the Virginia Coast Reserve as a test case, we show that the new manifold representation provides better separation of spectrally similar classes than one of the standard linear mixing models. Additionally, we demonstrate that this technique provides a natural data compression scheme, which dramatically reduces the number of components needed to model hyperspectral data when compared with traditional methods such as the minimum noise fraction transform. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 196 Z9 221 U1 6 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 441 EP 454 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.842292 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899FJ UT WOS:000227130000005 ER PT J AU Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL TI Unsupervised classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images using fuzzy clustering and EM clustering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr DE fuzzy clustering; image classification; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR); synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID COMPLEX WISHART DISTRIBUTION; SAR DATA AB Five clustering techniques are compared by classifying a polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image. The pixels are complex covariance matrices, which are known to have the complex Wishart distribution. Two techniques are fuzzy clustering algorithms based on the standard l(1) and l(2) metrics. Two others are new, combining a robust fuzzy C-means clustering technique with a distance measure based on the Wishart distribution. The fifth clustering technique is an application of the expectation-maximization algorithm assuming the data are Wishart. The clustering algorithms that are based on the Wishart are demonstrably ore effective than the clustering algorithms that appeal only to the l(p), norms. The results support the conclusion that the pixel model is more important than the clustering mechanism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kersten@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 98 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.842108 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899FJ UT WOS:000227130000011 ER PT J AU Souyris, JC Imbo, P Fjortoft, R Mingot, S Lee, JS AF Souyris, JC Imbo, P Fjortoft, R Mingot, S Lee, JS TI Compact polarimetry based on symmetry properties of geophysical media: The pi/4 mode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE crop classification; partial polarimetry; radar polarimetry; spaceborne synthetic aperture radar; symmetry properties of geophysical media; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SIR-C/X-SAR; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; RADAR POLARIMETRY; MULTIFREQUENCY; DECOMPOSITION; INTERFEROMETRY; SIGNATURES; IMAGERY AB In this paper, we assess the performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) compact polarimetry architectures based on mixed basis measurements, where the transmitter polarization is either circular or orientated at 45degrees (pi/4), and the receivers are at horizontal and vertical polarizations with respect to the radar line of sight. An original algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the full polarimetric (FP) information from this architecture. The performance assessment is twofold: it first concerns the level of information preserved in comparison with FP, both for point target analysis and crop fields classification, using L-band SIRC/XSAR images acquired over Landes forest and Jet Propulsion Laboratory AIRSAR images acquired over Flevoland. Then, it addresses the space implementation complexity, in terms of processed swath, downloading features, power budget, calibration, and ionospheric effects. The polarization uniqueness in transmission of this mixed basis mode, hereafter referred to as the pi/4 mode, maintains the standard lower pulse repetition frequency operation and hence maximizes the coverage of the sensor. Because of the mismatch between transmitter and receiver basis, the power budget is deteriorated by a factor of 3 dB, but it can partly be compensated. C1 CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. Ecole Natl Super Electrotech Elect Informat Hydra, Inst Rech & Informat Toulouse, Lab Informat & Math Appl, F-31071 Toulouse, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Souyris, JC (reprint author), CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM souyris@cnes.fr NR 44 TC 137 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.842486 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899FJ UT WOS:000227130000024 ER PT J AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, I Withers, WD TI The eidochromatic transform for color-image coding SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB We introduce the eidochromatic transform as a tool for improved lossy coding of color images. Many current image-coding formats (such as JPEG 2000) utilize both a color-component transform (relating values of different image components at a single location) and a wavelet or other spatial transform (relating values of a single-image component at proximate, but different image locations). The eidochromatic transform further reduces redundancy by relating image values simultaneously across color components and in the two spatial dimensions. Our approach is to introduce an additional transform step following the color-component and spatial transforms. In tests, this step reduced the overall static entropy of the chrominance components of quantized transformed images by up to 40% or more. Combined with JPEG 2000's modeling and coding method, the eidochromatic transform was found to reduce the size of lossily coded color images by up to 27% overall. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Pegasus Imaging Corp, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM popovici@usna.edu; wdw@usna.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1109/TIP.2004.840697 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 898JZ UT WOS:000227074400007 PM 15762331 ER PT J AU Tavik, GC Hilterbrick, CL Evins, JB Alter, JJ Crnkovich, JG de Graaf, JW Habicht, W Hrin, GP Lessin, SA Wu, DC Hagewood, SM AF Tavik, GC Hilterbrick, CL Evins, JB Alter, JJ Crnkovich, JG de Graaf, JW Habicht, W Hrin, GP Lessin, SA Wu, DC Hagewood, SM TI The advanced multifunction RF concept SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE array antenna; communications; electronic warfare (EW); multifunction antenna; radar AB The goal of the Advanced Multifunction Radio Frequency Concept (AMRFC) Program is to demonstrate the integration of many sorts of shipboard RF functions including radar, communications, and electronic warfare (EW) utilizing a common set of broad-band array antennas, signal and data processing, signal generation, and display hardware. The AMRFC Program was launched in response to the growing number of topside antennas on U.S. Navy ships, which have almost doubled from the ships launched in the 1980s to those launched in the 1990s. The AMRFC Program seeks to develop and demonstrate a wide-band generic active array antenna architecture that has the ability to transmit and receive multiple simultaneous independent beams for radar, EW, and communication functions. This paper describes a proof-of-principle test-bed that is being developed to demonstrate the AMRFC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD 21203 USA. RP Tavik, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tavik@radar.nrl.navy.mil; hilterbrick@nrl.navy.mil; evins@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 62 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1020 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.843485 PN 2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 904GX UT WOS:000227485200002 ER PT J AU Zhu, WD Pekarek, S Jatskevich, J Wasynczuk, O Delisle, D AF Zhu, WD Pekarek, S Jatskevich, J Wasynczuk, O Delisle, D TI A model-in-the-loop interface to emulate source dynamics in a zonal DC distribution system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 34th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP IEEE, PELS DE DC distribution testbed; dynamics; hardware-in-the-loop; real-time simulation; stability ID SIMULATION; EFFICIENT AB A model-in-the-loop capability (MIL) has been developed to emulate the dynamics of alternative power sources in a hardware-based dc zonal electrical distribution system. Using this tool, models of the power sources are simulated in real-time and interfaced with hardware components at the voltage and current levels of the power system. Coupling between simulation and hardware is established through a dc/dc power converter using model/wall-clock time synchronization. The MIL capability is illustrated in the emulation of a synchronous machine/converter power source. Results of time-domain and frequency-domain studies are provided to validate the approach. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USN, Elect Syst Div, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Zhu, WD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pekarek@ece.umr.edu; spekarek@purdue.edu NR 22 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2004.842973 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 907VX UT WOS:000227747300020 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, TJ AF O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. TI A neuronal network-based biosensor for detection of environmental threats SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tjo@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 41 BP 12A EP 12A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA V44IC UT WOS:000202995400043 ER PT J AU Pollack, JD AF Pollack, JD TI Does the study of Asian international relations require international relations theory? SO ISSUES & STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Pollack, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. EM pollackj@nwc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INTERNAT RELATIONS PI MUCHA PA 64 WAN SHOU ROAD, MUCHA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1013-2511 J9 ISSUES STUD JI Issues Stud. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 220 EP 224 PG 5 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 910ZF UT WOS:000227970000008 ER PT J AU Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA AF Thomas, JP Qidwai, MA TI The design and application of multifunctional structure-battery materials systems SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Combining structure and battery (power) functions in a single material entity permits improvements in system performance not possible through independent subsystem optimizations. The design of composite multifunctional materials for optimal system performance involves selection of constituents, material architecture, and interface connections. This overview focuses primarily on plastic lithium-ion structure-battery materials. Three main topic areas are considered: rules and tools for analysis and design of multifunctional materials; multifunctional structure-battery material systems; and structure-battery in the Defense Advanced Resources Projects Agency Wasp micro-air vehicle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, NRL Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jthomas5@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 13 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 7 U2 24 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0228-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 906IY UT WOS:000227635600005 ER PT J AU Gump, JC Peiris, SM AF Gump, JC Peiris, SM TI Isothermal equations of state of beta octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine at high temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DELTA PHASE-TRANSITION; HIGH-PRESSURES; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE AB Isothermal pressure-volume equations of state of beta HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) at temperatures of 30, 100, and 140 degrees C under both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic compressions have been obtained using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments. The samples were heated to the isotherm temperature and compressed up to 5.8 GPa. At all temperatures HMX remained in the beta phase up to 5.8 GPa. However, at 140 degrees C upon decompression to ambient from nonhydrostatic pressures above 4 GPa, HMX underwent a phase transition to the delta phase. The same transition was seen upon decompression to ambient from hydrostatic compression; however, parts of the sample remain in the beta phase, resulting in a mixed-phase sample. The diffraction data were analyzed to yield unit-cell dimensions at each pressure, and further analyzed to yield thermal expansion, bulk modulus, and the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gump, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gumpjc@ih.navy.mil NR 16 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 053513 DI 10.1063/1.1856227 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900026 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Spin-relaxation suppression by compensation of bulk and structural inversion asymmetries in [111]-oriented quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We investigate the feasibility of compensating the bulk inversion asymmetry in a [111]-oriented quantum well with the Rashba structure inversion asymmetry that has precisely the same functional form. The resulting cancellation is found to provide a promising means for strongly suppressing the spin-relaxation rate associated with the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) mechanism. We discuss a detailed numerical study of the spin splitting in a suitable InAlAs/InGaAs/InP quantum well grown on a [111] InP substrate, for which an external electric field is used to fine tune the asymmetry. We show that the DP spin-relaxation rate can be suppressed by nearly an order of magnitude at room temperature and by a factor of 2000 at 10 K. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 053707 DI 10.1063/1.1858876 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900037 ER PT J AU Scott, N Hara, T Walsh, EJ Hwang, PA AF Scott, N Hara, T Walsh, EJ Hwang, PA TI Observations of steep wave statistics in open ocean waters SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAKING PROBABILITY; SURFACE-WAVES; PART I; RANGE AB A new wavelet analysis methodology is proposed to estimate the statistics of steep waves. The method is applied to open ocean wave height data from the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (1992) and from a field experiment conducted at Duck, North Carolina (1997). Results show that high wave slope crests appear over a wide range of wavenumbers. with a large amount being much shorter than the dominant wave. At low wave slope thresholds, all wave fields have roughly the same amount of wave crests regardless 9 of wind forcing. The steep wave statistic decays exponentially with the square of the wave slope threshold, with a decay rate that is larger for the low wind cases than the high wind cases. Comparison of the steep wave statistic with independent measurements of the breaking wave statistic suggests a breaking wave slope threshold of about 0.12. The steep wave statistic does not scale with the cube of the wind speed, suggesting that other factors besides the wind speed also affect its level. Comparison of the steep wave statistic to the saturation spectrum reveals a reasonable correlation at moderate wave slope thresholds. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NASA, Goddard Lab Hydrospher Proc, Observ Sci Branch, Wallops Isl, VA USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Scott, N (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Mail Stop 12,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nscott@whoi.edu RI Hara, Tetsu/G-9779-2011 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1175/JTECH1702.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NT UT WOS:000228012000003 ER PT J AU Scott, N Hara, T AF Scott, N Hara, T TI Directionality and crest length statistics of steep waves in open ocean waters SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PART I; EQUILIBRIUM; SPECTRUM; SURFACE AB A new wavelet analysis methodology is applied to open ocean wave height data from the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (1992) and from a field experiment conducted at Duck, North Carolina, in 1997 with the aim of estimating the directionality and crest lengths of steep waves. The crest directionality statistic shows that most of the steep wave crests are normal to the direction of the mean wind. This is inconsistent with the Fourier wavenumber spectrum that shows a broad bimodal directional spreading at high wavenumbers. The crest length statistics demonstrate that the wave field is dominated by short-crested waves with small crest length/wave length ratios. The one-dimensional steep wave statistic obtained from the integration of the directional (two dimensional) steep wave statistic is consistent with the one-dimensional steep wave statistic obtained from the one-dimensional analysis at high wave slope thresholds. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NASA, Goddard Lab Hydrospher Proc, Observ Sci Branch, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Scott, N (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Mail Stop 12,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nscott@whoi.edu RI Hara, Tetsu/G-9779-2011 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1175/JTECH1703.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NT UT WOS:000228012000004 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Englert, CR AF Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Englert, CR TI A model study of global variability in mesospheric cloudiness SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE middle atmosphere; solar cycle; microphysics; mesopause ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; MESOPAUSE REGION; WATER-VAPOR; SOUTH-POLE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDES; TEMPERATURE; LIDAR AB We have performed microphysical calculations of mesospheric cloudiness which are driven by output (vertical wind, water vapor mixing ratio and temperature) from a two-dimensional (2D) global chemical/dynamical model. The variations in the 2D model output drive variations in the simulated clouds which can be compared with cloud observations. The specific cloud observables we model are ice content, altitude, peak backscatter at 532 nm and albedo at 252nm. We categorize these parameters in terms of their variations with latitude, solar activity and hemisphere (north vs. south). In agreement with observations, we find brighter clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) relative to the south and at solar minimum relative to solar maximum. Also we find that cloud altitudes are higher in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) relative to the NH. Quantitatively, compared with observations, it appears that the model may overstate the magnitude of these variations. Thus, the entire range of observed cloud altitudes, poleward of 65-70 degrees, is about 2 km (83-85 km), whereas the range in the calculated heights range extends up to 5 km (83-88 km). In addition, the calculated solar cycle brightness change of up to an order of magnitude appears larger than the limited available observations. Since the model H2O variation in the 80-90km region with respect to solar activity is relatively small (10-40%), it is not the cause of our large model cloud variability. Rather, for both hemispheric variation and solar cycle changes, we suggest that the model temperature variability may be too great. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 5 BP 501 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.11.007 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 905CB UT WOS:000227544100007 ER PT J AU Pan, MJ Rayne, RJ Bender, BA AF Pan, MJ Rayne, RJ Bender, BA TI Dielectric properties of niobium and lanthanum doped lead barium zirconate titanate relaxor ferroelectrics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; relaxor ferroelectrics; DC bias effect; grain size effect ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; CERAMICS AB The lead barium zirconate titanate (PBZT) relaxor ferroelectrics are ideal for high voltage capacitor applications due to their high dielectric constant, stability under DC bias, and temperature stability. In this study the composition ( Pb0.65Ba0.35)(Zr0.70Ti0.30) O-3 was selected as the base composition. It exhibited typical relaxor characteristics such as frequency dispersion and diffuse phase transition. The dielectric constant is similar to 6000 at room temperature and remains almost constant under electric field as high as 20 kV/cm. To further enhance the dielectric properties, various amounts of niobium oxide and lanthanum oxide dopants were added to the base PBZT to alter the defect structure and hence the dielectric properties. It was found that the dielectric constant of 1% Nb-doped samples was increased by 20 - 25% while maintaining similar voltage stability. This increase was attributed to the abnormal grain growth in the Nb-doped sample, and the correlation between microstructure and dielectric constant was drawn through a grain size study. The La addition only caused a monotonic decrease of dielectric constant and slightly improved voltage stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nova Res Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nova Res Inc, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10832-005-0877-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 918CK UT WOS:000228516200007 ER PT J AU Gharai, SR Thorpe, JR Strother, JM McClanahan, SB AF Gharai, SR Thorpe, JR Strother, JM McClanahan, SB TI Comparison of generated forces and apical microleakage using nickel-titanium and stainless steel finger spreaders in curved canals SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURES; LATERAL CONDENSATION; PENETRATION; STRAIGHT AB The purpose of this study was to compare (a) forces generated during lateral compaction and (b) apical microleakage for nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) finger spreaders. Twenty-eight extracted human teeth were instrumented using a standardized rotary instrumentation technique. NiTi and SS #30 spreaders were used to obturate molar roots while the forces generated during obturation were measured on a Universal testing machine. Apical microleakage was determined using a fluid filtration method. There was no significant difference in microleakage between spreaders. NiTi spreaders produced significantly less force than SS spreaders in all specimens (p < 0.001). C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Endodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Res Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM mcclanahansb@nnd10.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000137648.77797.ea PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 903YC UT WOS:000227460500010 PM 15735469 ER PT J AU Lee, YT Blake, WK Farabee, TM AF Lee, YT Blake, WK Farabee, TM TI Modeling of wall pressure fluctuations based on time mean flow field SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; BENEATH; SPECTRA; NOISE AB Time-mean flow fields and turbulent flow characteristics obtained from solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a k-epsilon turbulence model are used to predict the frequency spectrum of wall pressure fluctuations. The vertical turbulent velocity is represented by the turbulent kinetic energy contained in the local flow. An anisotropic distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy is implemented based on an equilibrium turbulent shear flow, which assumes flow with a zero streamwise pressure gradient. The spectral correlation model for predicting the wall pressure fluctuation is obtained through a Green's function formulation and modeling of the streamwise and spanwise wave number spectra. Predictions for equilibrium flow agree well with measurements and demonstrate that when outer-flow and inner-flow activity contribute significantly, an overlap region exists in which the pressure spectrum scales as the inverse of frequency. Predictions of the surface pressure spectrum for flow over a backward-facing step are used to validate the current approach for a nonequilibrium flow. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM LeeYT@nswccd.navy.mil NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1115/1.1881698 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 930YR UT WOS:000229453500003 ER PT J AU Picone, JM Emmert, JT Lean, JL AF Picone, JM Emmert, JT Lean, JL TI Thermospheric densities derived from spacecraft orbits: Accurate processing of two-line element sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE; COMMAND RADAR; SMALL COMETS; MODEL; DRAG; ATMOSPHERE; SEARCH; MOTION AB This paper presents a new, fast, and accurate method for retrieving the total mass density of the upper atmosphere from routinely compiled trajectories of objects in low Earth orbit. Comparison to density values from state-of-the-art precision orbit determination calculations on routine tracking observations shows our results to be of comparable accuracy at vastly lower computational and administrative costs, a result both unprecedented and unforeseen. This means that the difficulty of obtaining raw observational data and precision orbit determination software is no longer an obstacle to the scientific analysis of orbits. The accessibility of orbital elements and the speed and accuracy of the new method enable the use of a vast and growing archive of global data for analysis of thermospheric evolution and responses to solar, and possibly geomagnetic, forcing. The new procedure defines precisely the effective density values that may be extracted from orbit data; these values are explicitly independent of any atmospheric model. The discussion also contrasts the new approach with past analytic methods and with standard precision orbit techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM picone@nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A3 AR S03301 DI 10.1029/2004JA010585 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905FD UT WOS:000227552600001 ER PT J AU Shin, AY Horton, T Bishop, AT AF Shin, AY Horton, T Bishop, AT TI Acute coronal plane scaphoid fracture and scapholunate dissociation from an axial load: A case report SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE coronal scaphoid fracture; acute; treatment ID HERBERT SCREW FIXATION; CARPAL INSTABILITY; INTERNAL-FIXATION; BONE; MANAGEMENT; ANATOMY; DISLOCATIONS; PATTERNS; DORSAL; WRIST AB Coronal fractures of the scaphoid are rare and can be difficult to diagnose. Axial load injuries that result in a complete coronal fracture of the scaphoid associated with an acute scapholunate dissociation are exceedingly rare. In our patient the radiographic finding of wide scapholunate dissociation was obvious, however, the coronal scaphoid fracture was not recognized initially nor suspected. During surgery the coronal scaphoid fracture was identified, reduced anatomically, and fixed with a compression screw. The scapholunate ligament also was repaired. A good result was obtained with return to sports with extension of 60 degrees and flexion of 70 degrees, grip strength equal to that of the uninjured wrist, and no radiographic problems (arthrosis, avascular necrosis, nonunion). Copyright (c) 2005 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Hand Div, Rochester, MN USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30A IS 2 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.11.009 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 908XY UT WOS:000227824700020 PM 15781361 ER PT J AU Stevens, RJ Smith, AN Norris, PM AF Stevens, RJ Smith, AN Norris, PM TI Measurement of thermal boundary conductance of a series of metal-dielectric interfaces by the transient thermoreflectance technique SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-DYNAMICAL CALCULATION; KAPITZA CONDUCTANCE; THIN-FILMS; RESISTANCE; HEAT; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB Measurement of the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) by use of a nondestructive optical technique, transient thermoreflectance (TTR), is presented. A simple thermal model for the TTR is presented with a discussion of its applicability and sensitivity. A specially prepared sample series of Cr, Al, Au, and Pt on four different substrates (Si, sapphire, GaN, and AlN) were tested at room temperature and the TTR signal fitted to the thermal model. The resulting TBC values vary by more than a factor of 3 (0.71 x 10(8)-2.3 x 10(8) W/m(2) K). It is shown that the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) tended to overpredict the TBC of interfaces with materials having similar phonon spectra, while underpredicting the TBC for interfaces with dissimilar phonon spectra. The DMM only accounts for diffuse elastic scattering. Other scattering mechanisms are discussed which may explain the failure of the DMM at room temperature. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM pamela@virginia.edu RI Stevens, Robert/D-4620-2013 OI Stevens, Robert/0000-0002-7528-0102 NR 37 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 58 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1115/1.1857944 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 919IE UT WOS:000228610900011 ER PT J AU Nithikathkul, C Akarachantachote, N Wannapinyosheep, S Pumdonming, W Brodsky, M Sukthana, Y AF Nithikathkul, C Akarachantachote, N Wannapinyosheep, S Pumdonming, W Brodsky, M Sukthana, Y TI Impact of health educational programmes on the prevalence of enterobiasis in schoolchildren in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Enterobiasis is a worldwide prevalent disease particularly in low income areas. The budget needed for the prevention, treatment and eradication of the disease has thus far frustrated the limited budgets of global public health systems. A study was undertaken to determine if education in addition to medical treatment of enterobiasis could make a difference to the rates of infection. A total of 777 children (399 male and 378 female) from 11 elementary schools in five districts of Samut Prakan Province, Thailand were examined between December 2000 and March 2002. In five of the 11 schools studied, medical treatments were applied, followed by a programme of educating the children in the prevention of infection. Children in the remaining six schools received medical treatment only. The study showed a decrease in infections among children who received supplementary education. This decrease was significant in comparison to the decrease shown among children who received medical treatment only. The study therefore showed that educating high risk individuals played a key role in the prevention of enterobiasis. C1 Huachiew Chalermprakiet Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Samutprakan, Thailand. Huachiew Chalermprakiet Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Basic Med Sci, Samutprakan, Thailand. Huachiew Chalermprakiet Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Samutprakan, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Protozool, Bangkok, Thailand. Naresuan Univ, Fac Basic Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Phitsanulok, Thailand. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Nithikathkul, C (reprint author), Huachiew Chalermprakiet Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Samutprakan, Thailand. EM choosak@hcu.ac.th NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1079/JOH2004272 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 915XW UT WOS:000228345900009 PM 15831115 ER PT J AU Poddar, P Srikanth, H Morrison, SA Carpenter, EE AF Poddar, P Srikanth, H Morrison, SA Carpenter, EE TI Inter-particle interactions and magnetism in manganese-zinc ferrite nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE soft ferrite nanoparticles; magnetic susceptibility; superparamagnetism; magnetic anisotropy ID MN-ZN FERRITE; TRANSVERSE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MEDIA; SYSTEMS AB Manganese-zinc ferrite (MnxZn1-xFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse micelle technique using two different surfactant media-(1) bis-(2-ethylhex1) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) and (2) mix of nonylphenol poly(oxyethylene)(5) and nonylphenol poly(oxyethylene)(9) (NP) followed by annealing of precursors to remove the surfactant coating and to obtain better crystalline phase. A comparison of the magnetic properties showed distinct differences in blocking temperature, coercivity and saturation magnetization. Radio-frequency (RF) transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements were in agreement with the static magnetization data. Our precise TS measurements further revealed features associated with anisotropy fields that were dependent on the grain size, crystallinity and interparticle interactions. Overall, we have demonstrated that RF TS is an excellent probe of the dynamic magnetization and influence of effects such as crystallinity and inter-particle interactions in soft ferrite nanoparticles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Phys Mat Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Srikanth, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Phys Mat Lab, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sharihar@cas.usf.edu RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Poddar, Pankaj/G-5174-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 288 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.135 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 904FF UT WOS:000227480800056 ER PT J AU McLay, RN Drake, A Rayner, T AF McLay, RN Drake, A Rayner, T TI Persisting dementia after isoniazid overdose SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID ACIDOSIS; SEIZURES C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McLay, RN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.2.256 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 932GA UT WOS:000229541000024 PM 15939987 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DA Teague, W Wimbush, M Watts, DR Sutyrin, GG AF Mitchell, DA Teague, W Wimbush, M Watts, DR Sutyrin, GG TI The Dok Cold Eddy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN JAPAN/EAST SEA; VOLUME TRANSPORT; TSUSHIMA CURRENT; KOREA STRAIT; THIN JET; DETACHMENT; DYNAMICS; PATH AB Current and temperature patterns in the Ulleung Basin of the Japan/East Sea are examined using acoustic travel-time measurements from an array of pressure-gauge-equipped inverted echo sounders moored between June 1999 and July 2001. The focus here is the formation and behavior of a persistent cold eddy observed south of Dok Island, referred to as the Dok Cold Eddy (DCE), and meandering of the Subpolar Front. The DCE is typically about 60 km in diameter and originates from the pinching off of a Subpolar Front meander between Ulleung and Dole Islands. After formation, the DCE dwells southwest of Dole Island for 14 months before propagating westward toward Korea, where it deflects the path of the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC). Four such DCE propagation events between January and June 2000 each deflected the EKWC, and after the fourth deflection the EKWC changed paths and flowed westward along the Japanese: shelf as the "Offshore Branch" from June through November 2000. Beginning in March 2001, a deep, persistent meander of the Subpolar Front developed and oscillated with a period near 60 days, resulting in the deformation and northwestward displacement of the Ulleung Eddy. Satellite-altimeter data suggest that the Ulleung Eddy may have entered the northern Japan/East Sea. The evolution of this meander is compared with thin-jet nonlinear dynamics described by the modified Korteweg-deVries equation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mitchell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dmitchell@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 273 EP 288 DI 10.1175/JPO-2684.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 915AC UT WOS:000228269000001 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ Reed, AM AF Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ Reed, AM TI Numerical modeling of nonlinear interactions between ships and surface gravity waves, part 1: Ship waves in calm water SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUMANN-KELVIN PROBLEM; BODY INTERACTIONS AB This paper presents a pseudo-spectral model for nonlinear ship-surface wave interactions. The algorithm used in the model is a combination of spectral and boundary element methods: the boundary element method is used to translate physical quantities between the nonuniform ship surface and the regular grid of the spectral representation; the spectral method is used throughout the remainder of the fluid domain. All possible wave-wave interactions are included in the model (up to N-wave interactions for the truncation order N of the spectral expansions). This paper focuses on the mathematical theory and numerical method of the model and presents some numerical results for steady Kelvin waves in calm water. The nonlinear bow waves at high Froude numbers from the pseudo-spectral model are much closer to the experimental results than those from linear ship wave models. Our results demonstrate that the pseudo-spectral model is significantly faster than previous ship wave models: with the same resolution, the CPU time of the pseudo-spectral model is orders of magnitude less than those of previous models. Convergence speed of this model is ANLogN instead of BN2, where N is the number of unknown (note that the N for the traditional boundary element method may be significantly larger than the N for the pseudo-spectral method for the same quality solution). A and B are CPU time requirements in each time step for our model and others, respectively. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 907VD UT WOS:000227745200001 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI 2005 version of the aeroprediction code (AP05) SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A new version of the aeroprediction code (APC), the AP05, has been developed. The AP05 addresses additional emerging projectile and weapon needs not met by the former version of the APC, the AP02, along with providing additional productivity and user flexibility options. Some of the new elements of the AP05 include three-fin aerodynamics capability, trailing-edge wing bluntness effects on normal force coefficient, truncated fin leading-edge and body-nose bluntness improvements on axial force coefficient, improved two-dimensional base pressure coefficients for fins, and small caliber weapons capability. Some of the improved productivity and user flexibility options include trim aerodynamics, protuberance aerodynamics input options, increase in altitude limits for trajectory simulations, and user-defined boundary-layer transition for the body and wing. In addition, several errors in the AP02 were corrected for the AP05. Approximately 50 cases were considered for comparing the AP05 aerodynamic predictions to the AP02 and experimental data. It was found that the AP05 gave improved accuracy over the AP02 compared to the experiment for those areas where new elements had been incorporated into the AP02 to form the AP05 and where errors in the AP02 were corrected. However, for those cases where the new elements of the AP05 were not utilized, similar accuracy of the AP02 and AP05 codes compared to experimental data was seen. Several of the new elements of the AP05 were seen to improve productivity substantially over the AP02, the most significant being the automation of trim aerodynamics. The AP05 is, thus, the most accurate and robust of the APCs produced to date. C1 Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Missile Syst Div,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, 9449 Grover Dr,Suite 201, King George, VA 22485 USA. EM drfgmoore@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 240 EP 256 DI 10.2514/1.7970 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 916VL UT WOS:000228414400007 ER PT J AU Finette, S AF Finette, S TI Embedding uncertainty into ocean acoustic propagation models SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A probabilistic formalism is proposed for the direct inclusion of environmental uncertainty into an acoustic model that describes propagation in an ocean waveguide. Incomplete environmental knowledge is characterized by a spectral representation of uncertainty using expansions of random processes in terms of orthogonal random polynomials. A brief summary of the method is presented and a set of coupled differential equations describing the propagation of both the acoustic field and its associated uncertainty is derived for the case where the uncertain environment is attributed to a lack of complete information concerning the waveguide's sound speed distribution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM finette@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1121/1.1855811 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 905NF UT WOS:000227574700001 ER PT J AU Fredricks, A Colosi, JA Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G AF Fredricks, A Colosi, JA Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G TI Analysis of multipath scintillations from long range acoustic transmissions on the New England continental slope and shelf SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; SOUND-PROPAGATION; OCEAN; STATISTICS; INVERSION; EQUATION; PRIMER AB Observations of intensity fluctuations for broadband, 400-Hz multipath arrivals observed during the 1996 New England shelfbreak PRIMER study are described. Acoustic signals were generated by two bottom-mounted sources located on the continental slope in roughly 290-m water depth and were received on a 52-m-long vertical-line-array (VLA) located in 93-m water depth. Propagation ranges were 42.2 and 59.6 km. The bathymetry, oceanography, and bottom geology of the PRIMER site are described. Acoustic observables of point intensity, peak intensity, and integrated energy over the VLA are treated in terms of the scintillation index, loo-intensity variance, and intensity probability density functions (PDFs). Variability of the observables are decomposed into high and low frequency components with time scales less than and greater than 2 h, to facilitate correlation to ocean processes at different timescales. Parabolic equation numerical simulations using a quasi-random undular tidal bore model are able to reproduce many of the observed intensity fluctuation to within a factor of 2, and they allow investigation of scintillation behavior as a function of range. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OASIS Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Colosi, JA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcolosi@whoi.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1057 DI 10.1121/1.1835510 PN 1 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 905NF UT WOS:000227574700007 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Sabutis, JL Allen, DR Lahoz, WA Scaife, AA Randall, CE Pawson, S Naujokat, B Swinbank, R AF Manney, GL Sabutis, JL Allen, DR Lahoz, WA Scaife, AA Randall, CE Pawson, S Naujokat, B Swinbank, R TI Simulations of dynamics and transport during the September 2002 Antarctic major warming SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; OZONE HOLE; FEBRUARY 1979; POLAR VORTEX; MODEL; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION AB A mechanistic model simulation initialized on 14 September 2002, forced by 100-hPa geopotential heights from Met Office analyses, reproduced the dynamical features of the 2002 Antarctic major warming. The vortex split on similar to 25 September; recovery after the warming, westward and equatorward tilting vortices, and strong baroclinic zones in temperature associated with a dipole pattern of upward and downward vertical velocities were all captured in the simulation. Model results and analyses show a pattern of strong upward wave propagation throughout the warming, with zonal wind deceleration throughout the stratosphere at high latitudes before the vortex split, continuing in the middle and upper stratosphere and spreading to lower latitudes after the split. Three-dimensional Eliassen-Palm fluxes show the largest upward and poleward wave propagation in the 0 degrees-90 degrees E sector prior to the vortex split (coincident with the location of strongest cyclogenesis at the model's lower boundary), with an additional region of strong upward propagation developing near 180 degrees-270 degrees E. These characteristics are similar to those of Arctic wave-2 major warmings, except that during this warming, the vortex did not split below similar to 600 K. The effects of poleward transport and mixing dominate modeled trace gas evolution through most of the mid- to high-latitude stratosphere, with a core region in the lower-stratospheric vortex where enhanced descent dominates and the vortex remains isolated. Strongly tilted vortices led to low-latitude air overlying vortex air, resulting in highly unusual trace gas profiles. Simulations driven with several meteorological datasets reproduced the major warming, but in others, stronger latitudinal gradients at high latitudes at the model boundary resulted in simulations without a complete vortex split in the midstratosphere. Numerous tests indicate very high sensitivity to the boundary fields, especially the wave-2 amplitude. Major warmings occurred for initial fields with stronger winds and larger vortices, but not smaller vortices, consistent with the initiation of wind deceleration by upward-propagating waves near the poleward edge of the region where wave 2 can propagate above the jet core. Thus, given the observed 100-hPa boundary forcing, stratospheric preconditioning is not needed to reproduce a major warming similar to that observed. The anomalously strong forcing in the lower stratosphere can be viewed as the primary direct cause of the major warming. C1 New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Sch Educ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Reading, Data Asimilat Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. EM manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 55 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 690 EP 707 DI 10.1175/JAS-3313.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100011 ER PT J AU Orsolini, YJ Randall, CE Manney, GL Allen, DR AF Orsolini, YJ Randall, CE Manney, GL Allen, DR TI An observational study of the final breakdown of the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric vortex in 2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; LATE WINTER; TRANSPORT; OZONE; EVOLUTION; VORTICES; CLIMATOLOGY; DYNAMICS; FALL; WAVE AB The 2002 Southern Hemisphere final warming occurred early, following an unusually active winter and the first recorded major warming in the Antarctic. The breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex in October and November 2002 is examined using new satellite observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument aboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Environment Satellite (ENVISA7-) and meteorological analyses, both high-resolution fields from the European Centre for Medium-Rangc Weather Forecasts and the coarser Met Office analyses. The results derived from MIPAS observations are compared to measurements and inferences from well-validated solar occultation satellite instruments [Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement lit (POAM III), and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments II and III (SAGE II and III)] and to finescale tracer fields reconstructed by transporting trace gases based oil MIPAS or climatological data using a reverse-trajectory method. These comparisons confirm the features in the MIPAS data and the interpretation of the evolution of the flow during the vortex decay revealed by those features. Mapped ozone and water vapor from MIPAS and the analyzed isentropic potential vorticity vividly display the vortex breakdown, which occurred earlier than usual. A large tongue of vortex air was pulled out westward and coiled up in an anticyclone, while the vortex core remnant shrank and drifted eastward and equatorward over the South Atlantic. By roughly mid-November, the vortex remnant at 10 mb had shrunk below scales resolved by the satellite observations, while a vortex core remained in the lower stratosphere. C1 Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NV USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norwegian Inst Air Res, Instituttveien 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM orsolini@nilu.no RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 735 EP 747 DI 10.1175/JAS-3315.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100015 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Manney, GL Allen, DR Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, J Trepte, C Lahoz, W Ajtic, JV Bodeker, G AF Randall, CE Manney, GL Allen, DR Bevilacqua, RM Hornstein, J Trepte, C Lahoz, W Ajtic, JV Bodeker, G TI Reconstruction and simulation of stratospheric ozone distributions during the 2002 austral winter SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; POAM-III; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; ANTARCTIC WINTER; TRANSPORT; VALIDATION; ASSIMILATION; EVOLUTION; LATITUDE; MODEL AB Satellite-based solar occultation measurements during the 2002 austral winter have been used to reconstruct global, three-dimensional ozone distributions. The reconstruction method uses correlations between potential vorticity and ozone to derive "proxy" distributions from the geographically limited occultation observations. Ozone profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM 111), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment 11 and III (SAGE 11 and 111) are incorporated into the analysis. Because this is one of the first uses of SAGE III data in a scientific analysis, preliminary validation results are shown. The reconstruction method is described, with particular emphasis on uncertainties caused by noisy and/or multivalued correlations. The evolution of the solar occultation data and proxy ozone fields throughout the winter is described, and differences with respect to previous winters are characterized. The results support the idea that dynamical forcing early in the 2002 winter influenced the morphology of the stratosphere in a significant and unusual manner, possibly setting the stage for the unprecedented major stratospheric warming in late September. The proxy is compared with ozone from mechanistic, primitive equation model simulations of passive ozone tracer fields during the time of the warming. In regions where chemistry is negligible compared to transport, the model and proxy ozone fields agree well. The agreement between, and changes in, the large-scale ozone fields in the modal and proxy indicate that transport processes, particularly enhanced poleward transport and mixing, are the primary cause of ozone changes through most of the stratosphere during this unprecedented event. The analysis culminates with the calculation of globally distributed column ozone during the major warming, showing quantitatively how transport of low-latitude air to the polar region in the middle stratosphere led to the diminished ozone hole in 2002. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Data Assimilat Res Ctr, Reading, Berks, England. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Central Otago, New Zealand. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu RI Bodeker, Greg/A-8870-2008; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Bodeker, Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 748 EP 764 DI 10.1175/JAS-3336.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100016 ER PT J AU Konopka, P Grooss, JU Hoppel, KW Steinhorst, HM Muller, R AF Konopka, P Grooss, JU Hoppel, KW Steinhorst, HM Muller, R TI Mixing and chemical ozone loss during and after the Antarctic polar vortex major warming in September 2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; STRATOSPHERE CLAMS; LAGRANGIAN MODEL; WINTER; TRANSPORT; DEPLETION AB The 3D version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLAMS) is used to study the transport of CH4 and 03 in the Antarctic stratosphere between I September and 30 November 2002, that is, over the time period when unprecedented major stratospheric warming in late September split the polar vortex into two parts. The isentropic and cross-isentropic velocities in CLAMS are derived from ECMWF winds and heating/cooling rates calculated with a radiation module. The irreversible part of transport, that is, mixing, is driven by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates with mixing parameters deduced from in situ observations. The CH4 distribution after the vortex split shows a completely different behavior above and below 600 K. Above this potential temperature level, until the beginning of November, a significant part of vortex air is transported into the midlatitudes up to 40 degrees S. The lifetime of the vortex remnants formed after the vortex split decreases with the altitude with values of about 3 and 6 weeks at 900 and 700 K, respectively. Despite this enormous dynamical disturbance of the vortex, the intact part between 400 and 600 K that "survived" the major warming was strongly isolated from the extravortex air until the end of November. According to CLAMS simulations, the air masses within this part of the vortex did not experience any significant dilution with the midlatitude air. By transporting ozone in CLAMS as a passive tracer, the chemical ozone loss was estimated from the difference between the observed [Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM 111) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE)] and simulated ozone profiles. Starting from I September, up to 2.0 ppmv O-3 around 480 K and about 70 Dobson units between 450 and 550 K were destroyed until the vortex was split. After the major warming, no additional ozone loss can be derived, but in the intact vortex part between 450 and 550 K, the accumulated ozone loss was "frozen in" until the end of November. C1 Res Ctr Julich, ICG I, Inst Stratospher Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Res Ctr Julich, ICG I, Inst Stratospher Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.konopka@fz-juelich.de RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Konopka, Paul/A-7329-2013 OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 848 EP 859 DI 10.1175/JAS-3329.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100024 ER PT J AU Wang, SH Robinson, JA Mohney, SE Bennett, BR AF Wang, SH Robinson, JA Mohney, SE Bennett, BR TI Shallow and thermally stable Pt/W/Au Ohmic contacts to p-type InGaSb SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article AB We report a shallow, thermally stable Pt/W/Au (2/50/145 nm) Ohmic contact to p-InGaSb prepared using a brief (NH4)(2)S rinse as part of the premetallization surface treatment. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that the Pt/W/Au contacts have better thermal stability than previously reported Pd/W/Au contacts, with the Pt/W/Au contacts remaining shallow even after they are aged at 250 degrees C for 3 days. The specific contact resistances, of as-deposited Pt/W/Au, Pd/W/Au, Co/W/Au, Cu/W/Au, W/Au, Cr/W/Au, and Ag/W/Au contacts are also compared, and the (NH4) S rinse is found to partially relieve Fermi level pinning at the contact/p-InGaSb interface. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Wang, Hsiao-an Sammy/A-2370-2010 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1116/1.1865119 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 907SV UT WOS:000227739200012 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, K Cahay, M Jensen, KL AF Rangaswamy, K Cahay, M Jensen, KL TI Shot noise power spectrum of planar field emitters SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID COLD-CATHODE; CONDUCTORS; EMISSION; SURFACE AB A quantum-mechanical wave impedance approach is used to calculate the shot noise power spectrum of the emission current from planar metallic cathodes. The formalism takes into account the effects of the image force potential in front of the cathode. For metals with low work function, the Fano factor which characterizes the reduction of the shot noise power S-1, below the Schottky result 2 q I-A(where q is the magnitude of the charge of the electron and I-A is the time average of the anode current) is calculated as a function of the applied external electric field. Simple analytical expressions for the Fano factor are derived for the cathode operated in the thermionic (Richardson) and tunneling (Fowler-Nordheim) regimes. The value of the Fano factor is found to be reduced substantially below the value calculated when the effects of the image charge potential are neglected. (c) 2005. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rangaswamy, K (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1116/1.1865092 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600009 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG TI Time dependent models of field-assisted photoemission SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT ID FEMTOSECOND THERMIONIC EMISSION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; LASER-PULSES; PHOTOCATHODE; METALS; TECHNOLOGY; CATHODES AB A time-dependent model of photoemission, developed to analyze current from and laser heating of metals and dispenser photocathodes, is here applied to examine the impact of geometrical field enhancement and the contribution of tunneling to the photocurrent from a tungsten needle in terms of temporal response, quantum efficiency, and cathode performance. First, a review is given of an updated Fowler-Dubridge model of quantum efficiency including quantum mechanical effects. Second, a prolate spheroidal model of a tungsten needle is given to determine applied fields and incident angles necessary to evaluate emitted current and laser heating effects. Third, a time-dependent model of laser heating of an electron distribution is given which affects the photoemitted current and (if conditions are right) gives field and thermal components as well. Finally, the methodology is related to the experimental findings of Garcia and Brau [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 483, 273 (2002)], in which an intense laser illuminates a tungsten needle under sufficiently high fields that the photoemitted current contains field and thermal emission components and effects. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, ESTD, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1116/1.1861047 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600047 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL TI Regeneration of gated carbon nanotube field emission SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT ID ARRAYS AB We report large increases in field emission current when operating carbon nanotubes in substantial pressures of hydrogen, especially when the nanotubes were contaminated. We have previously demonstrated. two different configurations of integrally gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (cNTFEAs), CNTs grown inside microfabricated gate apertures with and without silicon posts. Salient features of these in situ grown microgated cNTFEAs include the absence of electrical arcing, low operating voltage, and enhancing effect of some residual ambient gases. Operating both configurations of cNTFEAs without special precleaning in greater than 10(-5) Torr hydrogen produced orders of magnitude enhancement in emission. For a cNTFEA intentionally degraded by oxygen, the operation in hydrogen resulted in a 340-fold increase in emission current at constant gate voltage. The results suggested a dependence on atomic hydrogen produced from the interaction between emission electrons and molecular hydrogen. The observed emission enhancement could be due to a surface dipole formation, hydrogen doping, or removal of oxygen-containing surface species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dhsu@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 694 EP 697 DI 10.1116/1.1851534 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600061 ER PT J AU Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY AF Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY TI Method and structure for local emission regulation and arc prevention in field emitter arrays SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP AVC, MIT, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Stellar Micro-Devices HO MIT ID SILICON DIOXIDE FILMS; GENERATION; BREAKDOWN; FAILURE; TIPS AB Field emission from air-exposed silicon and other surfaces typically occurs at energies up to several volts below the Fermi level, and the energies can change substantially during emission. We conclude this behavior results from emission from initial states in a dielectric (oxide) surface coating, and that the energies of these states change relative to the emitter Fermi level due to changing oxide state density and charge density. When emission occurs below the bulk Fermi level, energy is deposited into the emitter. In some cases this energy can be coupled to chemical bonds, creating states in the oxide and improving electron transport. If the power density deposited this way becomes excessive, oxide breakdown and arc initiation can result. Thus preventing excessive emission current at potentials more than 1-2 V positive relative to the bulk Fermi,level may prevent arc initiation. We propose that might be done by building a second (filter) aperture above each gate aperture in an array, and placing the aperture at a low,positive voltage relative to the emitter contact. That structure creates a potential barrier for emitted electrons, which will cause those electrons emitted at excessively positive potentials to be returned to the gate electrode. A circuit element in series with the gate electrode will reduce the gate voltage, thereby limiting the current emitted at low energy. To limit or regulate the total emission current, a small resistor or other circuit element can be placed in series with the emitter, forcing the emission energy to be reduced in response to a given current. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 836 EP 839 DI 10.1116/1.1849191 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600089 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Malone, JL AF Witt, CJ Malone, JL TI A veterinarian's experience of the spring 2004 avian influenza outbreak in Laos SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Since it was first reported in December 2003, the outbreak of avian influenza A/H5N1 has spread to at least nine countries in Asia, affected multiple species of animals, and caused at least 42 human deaths. The magnitude and extent of this zoonotic outbreak are unprecedented, continue to grow, and threaten the start of a global human influenza pandemic. Control of the H5N1 outbreak has required the implementation of integrated human and veterinary health surveillance and response efforts. These efforts have also necessitated an unprecedented level of bilateral and multilateral international communication and cooperation. This report describes the contribution of one public-health veterinarian to the H5N1 outbreak response effort in Laos, and emphasises the value of multidisciplinary approaches to addressing this and future emerging infectious disease outbreaks. C1 Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US PHS, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Syst, WRAIR 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM clara.witt@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)01305-8 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 902VP UT WOS:000227385100019 PM 15766647 ER PT J AU Zelickson, B Kist, D Sanner, R Counters, J Ross, V Davenport, S Spooner, G AF Zelickson, B Kist, D Sanner, R Counters, J Ross, V Davenport, S Spooner, G TI Effect of infrared handpiece on forehead skin SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Abbott NW Hosp, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Cutera, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 68 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000064 ER PT J AU Vu, T Schulze, R Yablonsky, MJ Ross, EV AF Vu, T Schulze, R Yablonsky, MJ Ross, EV TI Treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae with a 980 nm diode gliding, hand-held laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 83 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000079 ER PT J AU Bevin, AA Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV AF Bevin, AA Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV TI Variable pulse Nd : YAG laser in treatment of facial telangiectasias SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USN, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 263 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000233 ER PT J AU Butler, EG McClellan, SD Ross, EV AF Butler, EG McClellan, SD Ross, EV TI Split face treatment of photodamaged skin with a 10 mm spot KTP laser vs. IPL: A cheek-to-cheek comparison SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 256 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000235 ER PT J AU Shumaker, P England, L Dover, J Ross, EV Tan, MH Bogle, M Uebelhoer, N Pittelko, K Orentreich, D Pope, K AF Shumaker, P England, L Dover, J Ross, EV Tan, MH Bogle, M Uebelhoer, N Pittelko, K Orentreich, D Pope, K TI Effect of thermage treatment over dermal fillers in an animal model SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Thermage Inc, Hayward, CA USA. Skin Care Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. Orentreich Med Grp, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 302 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000273 ER PT J AU Vu, T Ross, EV AF Vu, T Ross, EV TI Low fluence pulsed light for treating acne vulgaris SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 309 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000280 ER PT J AU Tengberg, A Hall, POJ Andersson, U Linden, B Styrenius, O Boland, G de Bovee, F Carlsson, B Ceradini, S Devol, A Duineveld, G Friemann, JU Glud, RN Khripounoff, A Leather, J Linke, P Lund-Hansen, L Rowe, G Santschi, P de Wilde, P Witte, U AF Tengberg, A Hall, POJ Andersson, U Linden, B Styrenius, O Boland, G de Bovee, F Carlsson, B Ceradini, S Devol, A Duineveld, G Friemann, JU Glud, RN Khripounoff, A Leather, J Linke, P Lund-Hansen, L Rowe, G Santschi, P de Wilde, P Witte, U TI Intercalibration of benthic flux chambers II. Hydrodynamic characterization and flux comparisons of 14 different designs SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benthic chambers; calibration; hydrodynamic properties; comparative flux incubations ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; DIFFUSIVE BOUNDARY-LAYERS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; DEEP-SEA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PORE-WATER; IN-SITU; EXCHANGE; FLOOR; INSITU AB We have compared 14 different sediment incubation chambers, most of them were used on bottom landers. Measurements of mixing time, pressure gradients at the bottom and Diffusive Boundary Layer thickness (DBL) were used to describe the hydrodynamic properties of the chambers and sediment-water solute fluxes of silicate (34 replicates) and oxygen (23 replicates) during three subsequently repeated incubation experiments on a homogenized, macrofauna-free sediment. The silicate fluxes ranged from 0.24 to 1.01 mmol m(-2) day(-1) and the oxygen fluxes from 9.3 to 22.6 mmol m(-2) day(-1). There was no statistically significant correlation between measured fluxes and the chamber design or between measured fluxes and hydrodynamic settings suggesting that type of chamber was not important in these flux measurements. For verification of sediment homogeneity, 61 samples of meiofauna were taken and identified to major taxa. In addition. 13 sediment cores were collected. sectioned into 5-10-mm slices and separated into pore water and solid phase. The pore water profiles of disolved silicale were used to calculate diffusive fluxes of silicate. These fluxes ranged from 0.63 to 0.87 mmol m(-2) day(-1). All of the collected sediment parameters indicated that the sediment homogenization process had been satisfactorily accomplished, hydrodynamic variations inside and between chambers are a reflection of the chamber design and the stirring device, In general. pump stirrers with diffusers give a more even distribution of bottom currents and DBL thicknesses than paddle wheel-type stirrers, Most chambers display no or low static differential pressures when the water is mixed at rates of normal Use, Consequently. there is a low risk of creating stirrer induced pressure effects on the measured fluxes. Centrally placed stirrers are preferable to off-center placed stirrers which are more difficult to map and do not seem to give any hydrodynamic advantages, A vertically rotating stirrer gives about five times lower static differential pressures at the same stirring, speed as the same stirrer mounted horizontally If the aim is to simulate or mimic resuspension at high flow velocities, it cannot be satisfactorily done in a chamber using it horizontal (standing) rotating impeller (as is the case for most chambers in use) due to the creation of unnatural conditions. i,e. large static differential pressures and pre-mature resuspension at certain locations in the chamber. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. US Dept Interior, Minerals Management Serv, New Orleans, LA USA. CNRS, URA 117, Observ Oceanol Banyuls, Lab Arago, F-66650 Banyuls sur Mer, France. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Hydraul, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. CISE SpA, I-20090 Segrate, MI, Italy. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Univ Copenhagen, Biol Marine Lab, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29263 Plouzane, France. USN, Nacal Command, Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDTE Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. GEOMAR, Forschungszentrum Marine Geowissensch, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. Aarhus Univ, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Tengberg, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM anderste@chem.gu.se; perhall@chem.gu.se RI Hall, Per/A-8010-2010; Santschi, Peter/D-5712-2012; Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten/J-8888-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Khripounoff, Alexis/0000-0001-5948-5629 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1-4 BP 147 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.07.014 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 929SH UT WOS:000229365700012 ER PT J AU Palo, P AF Palo, P TI Mobile offshore base: Hydrodynamic advancements and remaining challenges SO MARINE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures CY OCT 07-08, 2004 CL Trondheim, NORWAY SP Res Council Norway DE very large floating structures; SeaBase; mobile offshore base; hydrodynamics; semisubmersible; offshore port AB SeaBasing is one of three core operational concepts of the 21st century US Navy. The most capable SeaBase, labeled the Mobile Offshore Base (MOB), would require a 2km length to accommodate conventional take-off and landing long-range cargo aircraft. Such a platform is definitely a very large floating structure (VLFS). The first part of this paper highlights fundamental technology advancements from a 1997-2000 research program that examined the full spectrum of SeaBase design and analysis issues. Multiple studies in industry and academia made significant hydrodynamic advancements, including a model that interfaces hydrodynamic pressure fields to finite element structural analysis models. A second series of studies examined the large (km) scale structure of ocean waves. Third, the first probabilistic- (and performance-) based design methodology for US marine structures was drafted, and initial feasibility studies and demonstrations of multiple module dynamic positioning were completed. The final sections of the article describe real Navy VLFS structures such as waterside security barriers and amphibious logistics floating piers, and present remaining challenges. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Palo, P (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, ESC51 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. EM paul.pato@navy.mil NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8339 J9 MAR STRUCT JI Mar. Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.marstruc.2005.07.007 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 996AH UT WOS:000234146300003 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI Postwar Iraq's financial system: Building from scratch SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SPR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 134 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1061-1924.2005.00191.x PG 16 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 906CT UT WOS:000227618800010 ER PT J AU Haig, CA AF Haig, CA TI Discretionary activities of federal agents visa-vis the Federal Tort Claims Act and the Military Claims Act: Are discretionary activities protected at the administrative adjudication level, and to what extent should they be protected? SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Haig, CA (reprint author), USN Acad, Law Sect, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 183 BP 110 EP 150 PG 41 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 920NF UT WOS:000228696700003 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Harr, PA Chen, HJ AF Chang, CP Harr, PA Chen, HJ TI Synoptic disturbances over the equatorial South China Sea and western Maritime Continent during boreal winter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COLD SURGE EVENT; NORTHERN WINTER; MONSOON; CLIMATE; MONEX; FEATURES AB During boreal winter, the Maritime Continent is a region of deep cumulus convection and heavy precipitation systems that play a major role in several global- and regional-scale processes. Over the western part of this region, the synoptic-scale Borneo vortex, the northeast cold surge, and the intraseasonal Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) contribute to the variability in deep convection. This work studies the impact on deep convection due to interactions among these three different motion systems. Furthermore, the role of the unique topography of the region is examined with respect to the variability in the synopticscale cold surge and Borneo vortex. On the synoptic scale, the interaction of northeast winds with local topography and the dynamic response to the change in latitude contribute to the turning of the winds and localized patterns of deep convection. In days without a Borneo vortex, deep convection tends to be suppressed over the South China Sea and Borneo and enhanced downstream over the landmasses on the western and southern peripheries of the equatorial South China Sea. The pattern is reversed in days with a vortex. The presence of a cold surge enhances this contrast. The surge also interacts with the Borneo vortex, in that the vortex is strengthened and the vortex center shifts from over the South China Sea to be located over the western coast of Borneo. The frequency of cold surges and vortex days is reduced during periods when the MJO is present. Composites of large-scale circulation and outgoing longwave radiation are used to show that often the MJO-related circulation patterns oppose the synoptic-scale cold-surge and vortex circulations. Thus, a primary impact of the MJO is to inhibit weak cold-surge events, which then produces a secondary impact on the Borneo vortex via interactions between the cold-surge winds and the vortex. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.edu NR 25 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1175/MWR-2868.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910SW UT WOS:000227953500001 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Tiba, A Charlton, DG AF Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Tiba, A Charlton, DG TI Thermal emission and curing efficiency of LED and halogen curing lights SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED RESIN COMPOSITES; VISIBLE-LIGHT; EMITTING DIODE; DENTAL COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE RISE; POLYMERIZATION; CURE; DEPTH; UNITS; CONVERSION AB The purpose of this study was to compare the thermal emission and curing efficiency of LED (LEDemetron 1, SDS/Kerr) and QTH (VIP, BISCO) curing lights at maximum output and similar power, power density and energy density using the same light guide. Also, another LED curing light (Allegro, Den-Mat) and the QTH light at reduced power density were tested for comparison. Increase in temperature from the tips of the light guides was measured at 0 and 5 mm in air (23 degrees C) using a temperature probe (Fluke Corp). Pulpal temperature increase was measured using a digital thermometer (Omega Co) and a K-type thermocouple placed on the central pulpal roof of human molars with a Class I occlusal preparation. Measurements were made over 90 seconds with an initial light activation of 40 seconds. To test curing efficiency, resin composites (Z100, A110, 3M/ESPE) were placed in a 2-mm. deep and 8-mm wide plastic mold and cured with the LED and QTH curing lights at 1- and 5-mm curing distances. Knoop Hardness Numbers (KHN) were determined on the top and bottom surfaces (Leco). Bottom hardness values were expressed as a percentage of maximum top hardness. No significant differences were found in maximum thermal emission or KHN ratios between the LED (LEDemetron 1) and the QTH (VIP) at maximum output and similar energy densities (ANOVA/Tukey's; alpha=0.05). C1 USAF, DIS, SAM, Dent Mat Evaluat, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), USAF, DIS, SAM, Dent Mat Evaluat, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 910HQ UT WOS:000227922100018 PM 15853113 ER PT J AU Khijwania, SK Srinivasan, KL Singh, JP AF Khijwania, SK Srinivasan, KL Singh, JP TI Performance optimized optical fiber sensor for humidity measurement SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical fiber sensors; evanescent wave absorption; U-shaped probe; relative humidity ID FIELD ABSORPTION SENSOR; PROBE; PARAMETERS; GEL AB A comprehensive experimental study of a fiber optic relative humidity (RH) sensor is carried out in terms of characterization and performance optimization against various parameters that affect the sensor response and sensitivity e.g., film composition, film thickness, fiber core diameter, and the sensor geometry. The sensor is based on evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy and utilizes a specific reagent immobilized permeable polymer membrane cladding on a declad U-bend optical fiber. An optimum film thickness and an optimum film composition exist. In addition, a fiber with a smaller core diameter was observed to be more sensitive, unlike the previously reported results. The sensitivity further increases with a decrease in the bending radius. The sensor is found to be sensitive to RH ranging from similar to 1.6 to similar to 92%, exhibiting a very fast response time, an extremely good degree of reversibility, repeatability, and a large dynamic range. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. USN, Sea Logist Ctr Detachment Portsmouth, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. RP Khijwania, SK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, 205 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM skhijwan@dial.msstate.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 AR 034401 DI 10.1117/1.1870753 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KK UT WOS:000232590100018 ER PT J AU Hargitai, IA Sherman, RG Strother, JM AF Hargitai, IA Sherman, RG Strother, JM TI The effects of electrostimulation on parotid saliva flow: A pilot study SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID SJOGRENS-SYNDROME PATIENTS; DRY MOUTH; CHEWING GUM; STIMULATION; XEROSTOMIA; SYMPTOMS; RATES AB Objective. Saliva is a critical fluid necessary for oral health. Medications, radiation therapy, and systemic conditions can decrease salivary function and increase a patient's risk for caries and other oral infections. Palliative management of xerostomia includes wetting agents such as ice chips and saliva substitutes. Systemic agents stimulate salivary flow but often have unfavorable side effects. All have met with limited success. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) as a means of stimulating salivary function in healthy adult subjects. Study design. Twenty-two healthy, adult subjects with no history of salivary gland disorder enrolled in the protocol. The TENS electrode pads were placed externally on the skin overlying the parotid glands. Unstirnulated saliva was collected for 5 minutes via the Carlson-Crittenden cup into preweighed vials using standardized collection techniques. The TENS unit was then activated and stimulated saliva collected for an additional 5 minutes. Results. Fifteen of 22 subjects demonstrated increased parotid salivary flow when stimulated via the TENS unit. Five experienced no increase and 2 experienced a decrease. The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.02418 mL/min (SD 0.03432) and mean stimulated salivary flow rate was 0.04946 mL/min (SD 0.04328). Statistical analysis of flow rates utilizing the paired t test demonstrated the difference to be statistically significant, P < .001. In 7 subjects with 0 baseline flow, 5 continued to have no flow. Conclusions. The TENS unit was effective in increasing parotid gland salivary flow in two-thirds of healthy adult subjects. A further study in a cohort of patients with salivary gland disorders is warranted. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hargitai, IA (reprint author), USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM istvanh@nnd10.med.navy.mil NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.080 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 901AN UT WOS:000227255500011 PM 15716838 ER PT J AU Saitoh, A Pong, A Waecker, NJ Leake, JAD Nespeca, MP Bradley, JS AF Saitoh, A Pong, A Waecker, NJ Leake, JAD Nespeca, MP Bradley, JS TI Prediction of neurologic sequelae in childhood tuberculous meningitis - A review of 20 cases and proposal of a novel scoring system SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Meeting of the Infectious-Disease-Society-of-America CY OCT 26, 2002 CL Chicago, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHILDREN; PRESSURE AB Background: Despite effective antituberculous medications, the mortality and morbidity remain high in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The traditional clinical staging for TBM developed by Lincoln et al in 1960 has been widely used to predict long term neurologic sequelae (NS). In the current era of critical care medicine and corticosteroid therapy, a new scoring system is needed to predict NS more accurately in children with TBM. Methods: We reviewed all available cases of TBM in San Diego, CA, during 1991-2001 retrospectively, and we developed a novel scoring system to predict NS in children with TBM. We assessed a tuberculous meningitis acute neurologic (TBAN) score at day 0 and on day 3 of hospitalization, to compare children who subsequently developed severe NS with those who did not. Results: Among 20 children with TBM, 7 children developed severe NS and 1 child died during hospitalization. The TBAN score was higher on day 0 in those with severe NS (5.5 versus 2.0, P = 0.09), and the difference became statistically significant by day 3 of hospitalization (5.5 versus 0.0, P = 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of the TBAN score (>= 4) on day 0 (75 and 92%) and day 3 (88 and 100%) to predict severe NS were superior to the traditional clinical staging system on day 0 (63 and 58%). Conclusions: The TBAN score is an objective marker for predicting severe NS in children with TBM. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Neurol, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. United States Naval Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bradley, JS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3020 Childrens Way,MC 5041, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jbradley@chsd.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00827] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000154321.61866.2d PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 905KT UT WOS:000227567700003 PM 15750455 ER PT J AU Shope, TR Aronson, S AF Shope, TR Aronson, S TI Improving the health and safety of children in nonparental early education and child care SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review ID INFECTION-CONTROL MEASURES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FREQUENCY C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shope, TR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1542/pir.26-3-86 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 968II UT WOS:000232155100002 PM 15741324 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Inoue, A Sakurai, T Menon, ESK Nagarajan, R Dutta, I AF Chen, MW Inoue, A Sakurai, T Menon, ESK Nagarajan, R Dutta, I TI Redistribution of alloying elements in quasicrystallized Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu7.5Ag10 bulk metallic glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; AL-CU-V; SI ALLOYS; OXYGEN; PRECIPITATION; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB We report experimental evidence on redistributions of alloying elements in a partially quasicrystallized Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu7.5Ag10 bulk metallic glass. Energy-filtered elemental maps show that the partitioning of silver, zirconium, and aluminum occurs in the quasi crystallized glass. Silver is found to enrich into quasicrystals, but zirconium and aluminum are slightly depleted from the quasicrystals. These observations suggest that the amorphous-to-quasicrystal transformation in this alloy is not a simple polymorphous reaction and a long-range diffusion is involved in the devitrification, probably prior to the quasicrystallization. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM mwchen@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 092202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.092202 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100009 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Lee, JH Han, JH Moon, SH Lee, HN Booth, JC Claassen, JH AF Lee, SY Lee, JH Han, JH Moon, SH Lee, HN Booth, JC Claassen, JH TI Effects of the two-gap nature on the microwave conductivity of polycrystalline MgB2 films with a critical temperature of 39 K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACE IMPEDANCE; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; 2-BAND MODEL; DENSITY AB The surface resistance (R-S) and the real part (sigma(1)) of the microwave complex conductivity of a similar to 380-nm-thick polycrystalline MgB2 film with the critical temperature (T-C) of 39.3 K were investigated at frequency similar to 8.5 GHz as a function of temperature. Two distinct coherence peaks were observed in the sigma(1) vs temperature curve at T similar to 0.5T(C) and similar to 0.9T(C), respectively, providing a direct evidence for the two-gap nature of MgB2. The film is shown to have a pi-band gap energy of similar to 1.7 meV. For the MgB2 film ion milled down to the thickness of similar to 320 nm, two coherence peaks were still observable with the first conductivity peak at similar to 0.6 T-C. The inferred pi-band gap energy of similar to 2.0 meV is higher than before ion milling. Reduced normal-state conductivity at T-C and R-S at temperatures below 15 K were found for the ion-milled film. Calculations based on the weak-coupling BCS theory and the strong coupling theory suggest that both sigma and pi bands contribute to sigma(1) of the polycrystalline MgB2 films significantly. Our results are in contrast with the observation of single coherence peak, ascribed to the dominant role of the pi band, in the microwave conductivity of c-axis-oriented MgB2 films reported by Jin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 127006 (2003)]. Variations in the interband coupling constants with the level of disorder can account for the different T-C and sigma(1) behavior of the as-grown and ion-milled films. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Ctr Emerging Wireless Transmiss Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Phys Res Div BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. LG Elect Inst Technol, Seoul 137140, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104514 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400082 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Yugova, I von Hogersthal, GBH Larionov, A Kurtze, H Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Hawrylak, P Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Babinski, A Potemski, M Timofeev, VB Forchel, A AF Ortner, G Yugova, I von Hogersthal, GBH Larionov, A Kurtze, H Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Hawrylak, P Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Babinski, A Potemski, M Timofeev, VB Forchel, A TI Fine structure in the excitonic emission of InAs/GaAs quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ARTIFICIAL MOLECULE; CHARGED EXCITONS; GROWTH; ELECTRON; WELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; ISLANDS; SHAPE AB The exciton fine structure in self-assembled coupled quantum dots with barriers of varying widths is studied in detail. For narrow barriers we find doublet splittings of the molecule ground state exciton in magnetic field, while for wide barriers in some cases a multiplet of emission lines is observed. Pronounced anticrossings occur in the field dispersion of such a multiplet with details depending on the particular molecule geometry. Strong variations of the fine structure including avoided crossings are observed also for the excited states that arise from the coupling-induced splitting of the quantum dot s-shell excitons. Values for the exciton diamagnetic shifts and spin splittings as functions of barrier width are given. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM gerhard.ortner@physik.uni-dortmund.de RI Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Babinski, Adam/0000-0002-5591-4825; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 65 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125335 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.125335 PG 30 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300108 ER PT J AU Ramon, G Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Sham, LJ AF Ramon, G Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Sham, LJ TI Indirect coupling between spins in semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE; ANDERSON; MODEL AB The optically induced indirect exchange interaction between spins in two quantum dots is investigated theoretically. We give a microscopic formulation of the interaction between the localized spin and the itinerant carriers, which is the basis of the indirect coupling, including the effects of correlation using a set of canonical transformations. Correlation effects are found to be of comparable magnitude to the direct exchange. We give quantitative results for the indirect spin-spin coupling for realistic quantum dot geometries and find the largest couplings for one-dimensional systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramon@bloch.nrl.navy.mil OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 121305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.121305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300014 ER PT J AU Wu, J Tshepe, T Butler, JE Hoch, MJR AF Wu, J Tshepe, T Butler, JE Hoch, MJR TI 1/f noise in semiconducting and just-metallic boron-implanted diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 1-F NOISE AB 1/f noise and conductivity measurements have been made on boron-doped polycrystalline CVD diamond and boron-ion implanted single crystal (type IIa) diamond surface layers over the temperature range 200-430 K. The measured noise spectral densities follow a 1/f(gamma) frequency dependence, with the exponent gamma close to unity. For all three samples the measured Hooge parameter is much larger than for metals. The ion-implanted surface layers are close to the metal-insulator transition and the noise magnitude is suppressed as the boron concentration approaches the critical concentration. For the temperature range covered, hopping conduction plays an important role in determining the noise power in insulating diamond containing a sufficiently high concentration (>10(18) cm(-3)) of boron ions. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Mat Phys Res Inst, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM hoch@magnet.fsu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 113108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.113108 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GL UT WOS:000228065500008 ER PT J AU Hicks, SF Alexander, GK Aubin, CA Burns, MC Collard, CJ Walbran, MM Vanhoy, JR Jensen, E Garrett, PE Kadi, M Martin, A Warr, N Yates, SW AF Hicks, SF Alexander, GK Aubin, CA Burns, MC Collard, CJ Walbran, MM Vanhoy, JR Jensen, E Garrett, PE Kadi, M Martin, A Warr, N Yates, SW TI Intruder structures observed in Te-122 through inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER-SHIFT ATTENUATION; EVEN TELLURIUM ISOTOPES; OCTUPOLE COUPLED STATES; TE ISOTOPES; 1ST OBSERVATION; P,T REACTIONS; NUCLEI; MODEL; TRANSITIONS; NUCLIDES AB The excited levels of Te-122 to 3.3-MeV excitation have been studied using gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic neutron scattering. The decay characteristics of these levels have been determined from gamma-ray excitation functions, angular distributions at E-n = 1.72, 2.80, and 3.35 MeV, Doppler shifts, and gamma gamma coincidences. Electromagnetic transition rates were deduced for many levels, as were multipole-mixing and branching ratios. Level energies and electromagnetic transition rates were compared to interacting boson model (IBM) calculations, both with and without intruder-state mixing, and to particle-core coupling model calculations. The energies of low-lying levels of Te-122 are well described by the IBM with intruder-state mixing calculations, and observed transition rates support emerging intruder bands built on 0(+) levels. The other models considered do not produce enough low-lying positive parity states; however, U(5) energies to the four quadrupole-phonon level agree very well with observations when states with large intruder configurations are ignored. Mixed-symmetry and quadrupole-octupole excitations have been investigated, but mixing with other configurations and fragmentation of strength prohibit a clear identification of these states. C1 Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Hicks, SF (reprint author), Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. RI Kadi, Mohammad/H-6114-2012 OI Kadi, Mohammad/0000-0002-5010-9536 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 034307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.034307 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 919UQ UT WOS:000228643500017 ER PT J AU Armstead, DN Carroll, TL AF Armstead, DN Carroll, TL TI Analysis of multiple time scales in a transistor amplifier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID L-DIODE CIRCUIT; CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR; OSCILLATOR AB It was shown previously in an experiment that when high frequency signals (on the order of 1 MHz) were injected into this low frequency amplifier, the nonlinearities of the pn junctions caused period doubling, chaos, and very low frequency oscillations (on the order of 1 Hz). In this paper we present theory and simulations to explain the existence of the low frequency oscillations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstead, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armstead@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 036208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036208 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 922EC UT WOS:000228818200071 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Bartos, J Sausa, O Kristiak, J AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Bartos, J Sausa, O Kristiak, J TI Free-volume dynamics in glasses and supercooled liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LOCAL FREE-VOLUME; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOSITY AB A free-volume theory is developed based on the defect diffusion model (DDM). In addition, positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) ortho-positronium free-volume and intensity data are presented for poly(propylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 4000 (PPG 4000) in both the glassy and liquid states and dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity data are reported for PPG 4000 in the liquid state. The DDM is used to interpret all of the data for PPG 4000 and previously reported PALS and dielectric relaxation data for glycerol. It is shown that while the PPG 4000 data exhibit a preference for the three-halves power law, the data for glycerol favor the first power (standard Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann) law. Good agreement between the DDM and the experimental results is found for all of the electrical data and the PALS free-volume data. While reasonable agreement is also found for the PALS intensity data for PPG 4000, a discrepancy exists between the experimental PALS intensity data and theory for glycerol. For the electrical conductivity for PPG 4000, a transition is observed at the same temperature (about 1.4T(g) where T-g is the glass transition temperature) where the PALS free volume changes from steeply rising with temperature to approximately independent of temperature. The same behavior is observed at about 1.5T(g) for previously reported dielectric relaxation and PALS data for glycerol. Model parameters are presented that show the dominance of mobile single defects above (1.4-1.5)T-g and the dominance of immobile clustered single defects below T-g. Finally, a coherent picture of glasses and glass-forming liquids is presented based on the theory and results of the experiments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Polymer, Bratislava 84236, Slovakia. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84228, Slovakia. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 031508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.031508 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 919PM UT WOS:000228630000042 PM 15903436 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL Kepple, PC Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Borisov, AB Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL Kepple, PC Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Borisov, AB Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Modeling of clusters in a strong 248-nm laser field by a three-dimensional relativistic molecular dynamic model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON DYNAMICS; IONIZATION; PLASMAS; PULSES; AMPLIFICATION; CHANNELS AB A relativistic time-dependent three-dimensional particle simulation model has been developed to study the interaction of intense ultrashort KrF (248 nm) laser pulses with small Xe clusters. The trajectories of the electrons and ions are treated classically according to the relativistic equation of motion. The model has been applied to a different regime of ultrahigh intensities extending to 10(21) W/cm(2). In particular, the behavior of the interaction with the clusters from intensities of similar to 10(15) W/cm(2) to intensities sufficient for a transition to the so-called "collective oscillation model" has been explored. At peak intensities below 10(20) W/cm(2), all electrons are removed from the cluster and form a plasma. It is found that the "collective oscillation model" commences at intensities in excess of 10(20) W/cm(2), the range that can be reached in stable relativistic channels. At these high intensities, the magnetic field has a profound effect on the shape and trajectory of the electron cloud. Specifically, the electrons are accelerated to relativistic velocities with energies exceeding 1 MeV in the direction of laser propagation and the magnetic field distorts the shape of the electron cloud to give the form of a pancake. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 036411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036411 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 922EC UT WOS:000228818200116 PM 15903592 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Effects of symmetries on quantum fidelity decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC VECTORS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; BORDERED MATRICES; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; COMPUTATION; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB We explore the effect of a system's symmetries on fidelity decay behavior. Chaoslike exponential fidelity decay behavior occurs in nonchaotic systems when the system possesses symmetries and the applied perturbation is not tied to a classical parameter. Similar systems without symmetries exhibit faster-than-exponential decay under the same type of perturbation. This counterintuitive result, that extra symmetries cause the system to behave in a chaotic fashion, may have important ramifications for quantum-error correction. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weinstei@dave.nrl.navy.mil; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 035203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.035203 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 922EC UT WOS:000228818200006 PM 15903482 ER EF