FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Devine, GJ Stancil, J Zamora, E Orellana, W Sihuincha, M Vidal, C Morrison, A AF Devine, Gregor J. Stancil, Jeff Zamora, Elvira Orellana, Wagner Sihuincha, Moises Vidal, Carlos Morrison, Amy TI The use of pyriproxyfen for the control of Aedes aegypti in iquitos, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Devine, Gregor J.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. [Stancil, Jeff] USN, Med Res Ctr, APO, AE USA. [Zamora, Elvira; Orellana, Wagner; Sihuincha, Moises; Vidal, Carlos] Direcc Salud, Lab Referencial, Iquitos, Peru. [Morrison, Amy] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Devine, Gregor/H-1141-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 627 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001050 ER PT J AU Hanafi, H Fryauff, DJ Dykstra, E Szumlas, DJ AF Hanafi, Hanafi Fryauff, David J. Dykstra, Elizabeth Szumlas, Daniel J. TI Laboratory demonstration of the acquisition and development of leishmania major in the sand fly Phlebotomus Kazeruni (Diptera : Psychodidae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hanafi, Hanafi; Fryauff, David J.; Dykstra, Elizabeth; Szumlas, Daniel J.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 645 BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001068 ER PT J AU Sherif, M Mohran, Z Sadek, M Abdelkhaliq, R El-Gendy, A Shaheen, H Klena, J Putnam, S Rockabrand, D Monteville, M Riddle, M Sanders, J Frenck, RW AF Sherif, May Mohran, Zaynab Sadek, Mostafa Abdelkhaliq, Rania El-Gendy, Atef Shaheen, Hind Klena, John Putnam, Shan Rockabrand, David Monteville, Marshall Riddle, Mark Sanders, John Frenck, Robert W. TI Real-time PCR for the amplification of the IPAH gene reflects the true burden of shigellosis in endemic areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sherif, May; Mohran, Zaynab; Sadek, Mostafa; Abdelkhaliq, Rania; El-Gendy, Atef; Shaheen, Hind; Rockabrand, David; Monteville, Marshall; Riddle, Mark; Sanders, John] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Putnam, Shan] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Frenck, Robert W.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 648 BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001071 ER PT J AU Karsany, MS Afifi, SA Salih, M Magboul, B Bilail, O El-Hassan, B El-Fadel, A Younis, A Bin-Ouf, G Teleb, N Pimentel, G Hajjeh, R AF Karsany, Mubarak S. Afifi, Salma A. Salih, Magdy Magboul, Babikr Bilail, Osman El-Hassan, Billah El-Fadel, Ahmed Younis, Ali Bin-Ouf, Gaffar Teleb, Nadia Pimentel, Guillermo Hajjeh, Rana TI Laboratory-based surveillance for patients with acute meningitis in Sudan, 2004-200s SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karsany, Mubarak S.; Salih, Magdy; Magboul, Babikr; Bilail, Osman] Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan. [Afifi, Salma A.; Pimentel, Guillermo] NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Hassan, Billah; El-Fadel, Ahmed; Younis, Ali; Bin-Ouf, Gaffar] Khartoum State Hlth Dept, Khartoum, Sudan. [Teleb, Nadia] WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. [Hajjeh, Rana] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hajjeh, Rana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 654 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001077 ER PT J AU Monteville, MR Riddle, MS Rockabrand, DM Putna, S Baht, U Brooks, K Bland, J Frenck, RW Sanders, JW AF Monteville, Marshall R. Riddle, Mark S. Rockabrand, David M. Putna, Shannon Baht, Usha Brooks, Kenneth Bland, Jamie Frenck, Robert W. Sanders, John W. TI Epidemiology of diarrhea among deployed military personnel in support of operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Monteville, Marshall R.; Riddle, Mark S.; Rockabrand, David M.; Sanders, John W.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Putna, Shannon] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Baht, Usha; Brooks, Kenneth; Bland, Jamie] ARCENT Troop Med Clin, Doha, Qatar. [Frenck, Robert W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 701 BP 231 EP 231 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001124 ER PT J AU Rockabrand, DM Riddle, MS Monteville, MR Frenck, RW Romine, M Fouad, S Sanders, JW AF Rockabrand, David M. Riddle, Mark S. Monteville, Marshall R. Frenck, Robert W. Romine, Marcy Fouad, Salwa Sanders, John W. TI A prospective study of travelers' diarrhea in a cohort of United States military personnel on deployment to the Multinational Force and Observers, Sinai, Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rockabrand, David M.; Riddle, Mark S.; Monteville, Marshall R.; Romine, Marcy; Fouad, Salwa; Sanders, John W.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Frenck, Robert W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 702 BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001125 ER PT J AU Ge, H Tong, M Jiang, J Dasch, GA Richards, AL AF Ge, Hong Tong, Min Jiang, Ju Dasch, Gregory A. Richards, Allen L. TI Genotypic characterization of Rickettsia prowazekii Cairo 3 by multilocus sequencing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ge, Hong; Tong, Min; Jiang, Ju; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 716 BP 236 EP 237 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001139 ER PT J AU Sun, PF Stuelten, C Arany, P Porter, K Roberts, A Burgess, T AF Sun, Peifang Stuelten, Christina Arany, Praveen Porter, Kevin Roberts, Anita Burgess, Timothy TI Dengue virus induces production of transforming growth factor B1 - A potential mechanism for immune regulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sun, Peifang; Porter, Kevin; Burgess, Timothy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Stuelten, Christina; Arany, Praveen; Roberts, Anita] NIH, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 731 BP 241 EP 242 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001154 ER PT J AU Cruz, C Felices, V Caceda, R Johnson, B Huaman, A Castillo, R Merizalde, M Manock, S Madrid, C Guevara, C Kochel, T Olson, J AF Cruz, Cristhopher Felices, Vidal Caceda, Roxana Johnson, Barbara Huaman, Alfredo Castillo, Roger Merizalde, M. Manock, Steve Madrid, Cesar Guevara, Carolina Kochel, Tadeusz Olson, James TI Isolation of ilheus virus from a febrile human in Ecuador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cruz, Cristhopher; Felices, Vidal; Caceda, Roxana; Huaman, Alfredo; Castillo, Roger; Guevara, Carolina] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Johnson, Barbara] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Merizalde, M.] Hosp Mil, Puyo, Ecuador. [Manock, Steve] Hosp Vozandes, Shell, Ecuador. [Madrid, Cesar] Hosp Naval, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 746 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001169 ER PT J AU Konda, KA Klausner, JD Lescano, AG Leon, S Castillo, R Gadea, N Jones, FR Coates, TJ Caceres, CF AF Konda, Kelika A. Klausner, Jeffrey D. Lescano, Andres G. Leon, Segundo Castillo, Rosa Gadea, Nilda Jones, Franca R. Coates, Thomas J. Caceres, Carlos F. TI The risk of HIV and HSV-2 acquisition among men who have sex only with men in urban, coastal Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Konda, Kelika A.; Coates, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [Lescano, Andres G.; Castillo, Rosa; Gadea, Nilda] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Leon, Segundo; Caceres, Carlos F.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Jones, Franca R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 776 BP 256 EP 256 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001199 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Curtis, SM Nichols, DA Shearer, T AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Curtis, Sean M. Nichols, Daniel A. Shearer, Todd TI Antimalarial activity of 2,4-dimethoxy-4 '-butoxychalcone and its metabolites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Curtis, Sean M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Nichols, Daniel A.; Shearer, Todd] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 813 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001236 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Owusu-Agyei, S Utz, G Baird, K Koram, K Binka, F Nkrumah, F Hoffman, S AF Fryauff, David J. Owusu-Agyei, Seth Utz, Gregory Baird, Kevin Koram, Kwadwo Binka, Fred Nkrumah, Frances Hoffman, Stephen TI Efficacy of mefloquine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of Northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fryauff, David J.; Utz, Gregory] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Owusu-Agyei, Seth] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Upper E Region, Ghana. [Baird, Kevin] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Koram, Kwadwo; Nkrumah, Frances] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Med Res Ctr, Legon, Ghana. [Binka, Fred] Univ Ghana, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Legon, Ghana. [Hoffman, Stephen] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 830 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001253 ER PT J AU Weiss, WR Jiang, G Conteh, S Williams, J Richie, T AF Weiss, Walter R. Jiang, George Conteh, Solomon Williams, Jack Richie, Thomas TI The role of effector CD8+T cells in monkeys immunized with irradiated malaria sporozoites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weiss, Walter R.; Jiang, George; Conteh, Solomon; Richie, Thomas] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Williams, Jack] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 861 BP 284 EP 284 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001284 ER PT J AU Jiang, CG Conteh, S Valencia, AZ Richie, NO Shelton, LJ Singh, P Kamrud, KI Bruder, JT Chen, P Chulay, JD King, CR Smith, J Limbach, KJ Carucci, DJ Richie, TL Doolan, DL Weiss, WR AF Jiang, C. George Conteh, Solomon Valencia, Anais Z. Richie, Nancy O. Shelton, Larry J., Jr. Singh, Priti Kamrud, Kurt I. Bruder, Joseph T. Chen, Ping Chulay, Jeffrey D. King, C. Richter Smith, Jonathan Limbach, Keith J. Carucci, Daniel J. Richie, Thomas L. Doolan, Denise L. Weiss, Walter R. TI Protection of Chinese rhesus monkeys against Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoite challenge by heterologous prime/boost vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jiang, C. George; Conteh, Solomon; Valencia, Anais Z.; Richie, Nancy O.; Shelton, Larry J., Jr.; Singh, Priti; Limbach, Keith J.; Carucci, Daniel J.; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.; Weiss, Walter R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kamrud, Kurt I.; Smith, Jonathan] AlphaVax Inc, Triangle Res Pk, NC USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; Chen, Ping; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 882 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001305 ER PT J AU Stancil, J Morrison, A Chan, A Sihuinchia, M Astete, H Fernandez, R Lopez, V AF Stancil, Jeff Morrison, Amy Chan, Adeline Sihuinchia, Moises Astete, Helvio Fernandez, Roberto Lopez, Victor TI Preliminary evaluations of dengue vector control methodologies in Iquitos, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stancil, Jeff; Fernandez, Roberto; Lopez, Victor] USN, Med Res Ctr, APO, AE USA. [Morrison, Amy; Astete, Helvio] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chan, Adeline] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sihuinchia, Moises] Lab Referencial, Direcc Salud, Iquitos, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 930 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001353 ER PT J AU Appawu, MA Dadzie, S Asoala, V Anto, F Koram, K Rogers, W Nkrumah, F Fryauff, D AF Appawu, Maxwell A. Dadzie, Samuel Asoala, Victor Anto, Francis Koram, Kwadwo Rogers, William Nkrumah, Francis Fryauff, David TI Irrigation and malaria transmission risk: The experience from northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Appawu, Maxwell A.; Dadzie, Samuel; Koram, Kwadwo; Nkrumah, Francis] Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. [Asoala, Victor; Anto, Francis] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. [Rogers, William] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Fryauff, David] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 940 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001363 ER PT J AU Abdel-Messih, IA Schlett, CS Riddle, MS Wierzba, TS Abu-Elyazeed, RS Ibrahim, AF Zabady, K Ahmed, SF Savarino, SJ Sanders, JW AF Abdel-Messih, Ibrahim Adib Schlett, Carey S. Riddle, Mark S. Wierzba, Thomas S. Abu-Elyazeed, Remon S. Ibrahim, Abdel-Fattah Zabady, Khaled Ahmed, Salwa F. Savarino, Stephen J. Sanders, John W. TI Giardiasis and co-pathogen infection among children with acute diarrhea in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abdel-Messih, Ibrahim Adib; Schlett, Carey S.; Riddle, Mark S.; Wierzba, Thomas S.; Abu-Elyazeed, Remon S.; Ahmed, Salwa F.; Sanders, John W.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Ibrahim, Abdel-Fattah] Benha Fever Hosp, Banha, Egypt. [Zabady, Khaled] Abu Homos Dist Hosp, Abu Homos, Egypt. [Savarino, Stephen J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 953 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001376 ER PT J AU Guevara, C Block, K Rocha, C Rios, Z Huaman, A Castillo, R Felices, V Cruz, C Russel, K Kochel, T Blair, P Naquira, C Gotuzzo, E Suarez, L Vargas, J Manock, S Brito, N Madrid, C Merizalde, M Kochel, T AF Guevara, Carolina Block, Karla Rocha, Claudio Rios, Zonia Huaman, Alfredo Castillo, Roger Felices, Vidal Cruz, Cristhopher Russel, Kevin Kochel, Tadeusz Blair, Patrick Naquira, Cesar Gotuzzo, Eduardo Suarez, Luis Vargas, Jorge Manock, Steve Brito, Narcisa Madrid, Cesar Merizalde, M. Kochel, Tadeusz TI Arboviral causes of fever in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru, 2000-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guevara, Carolina; Block, Karla; Rocha, Claudio; Rios, Zonia; Huaman, Alfredo; Castillo, Roger; Felices, Vidal; Cruz, Cristhopher] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Russel, Kevin; Kochel, Tadeusz; Blair, Patrick; Kochel, Tadeusz] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. [Naquira, Cesar] Ministerio Salud, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Vargas, Jorge] Ctr Nacl Enfermedades Tropicales, Cenetrop Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Manock, Steve; Brito, Narcisa] Hosp Vozandes, Shell, Ecuador. [Madrid, Cesar] Hosp Naval, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Merizalde, M.] Hosp Mil, Puyo, Ecuador. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 968 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001391 ER PT J AU Huaman, A Caceda, R Perez, J Castillo, R Rios, Z Guevara, C Rocha, C Block, K Zavaleta, C Blair, P Vidal, C Suarez, L Naquira, C Gotuzzo, E Olson, J AF Huaman, Alfredo Caceda, Roxana Perez, Juan Castillo, Roger Rios, Zonia Guevara, Carolina Rocha, Claudio Block, Karla Zavaleta, Claudia Blair, Patrick Vidal, Carlos Suarez, Luis Naquira, Cesar Gotuzzo, Eduardo Olson, James TI Human illness caused by Caraparu and Murutucu (group C) viruses, Peru, 2003 and 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huaman, Alfredo; Caceda, Roxana; Perez, Juan; Castillo, Roger; Rios, Zonia; Guevara, Carolina; Rocha, Claudio; Block, Karla] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Blair, Patrick; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. [Guevara, Carolina; Gotuzzo, Eduardo] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Vidal, Carlos] Direcc Salud, Iquitos, Peru. Inst Nacl Salud, Oficina Gen Epidemiol, Minist Salud, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 970 BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001393 ER PT J AU Rivera, C Guevara, C Huaman, A Castillo, R Caceda, R Perez, J Rocha, C Block, K Kochel, T Blair, P Olson, J Morrison, A Scott, T AF Rivera, Cecilia Guevara, Carolina Huaman, Alfredo Castillo, Roger Caceda, Roxana Perez, Juan Rocha, Claudio Block, Karla Kochel, Tadeusz Blair, Patrick Olson, James Morrison, Amy Scott, Tomas TI Incidence of arboviral illnesses in school children, Iquitos, Peru, 2000-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rivera, Cecilia; Guevara, Carolina; Huaman, Alfredo; Castillo, Roger; Caceda, Roxana; Perez, Juan; Rocha, Claudio; Block, Karla] US Naval Mes Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Blair, Patrick; Olson, James; Morrison, Amy] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. [Scott, Tomas] Univ Davis, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 971 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001394 ER PT J AU Rios, Z Castillo, R Montano, S Huaman, A Caceda, R Guevara, C Rocha, C Block, K Blair, P Kochel, T Gotuzzo, E Vidal, C Suarez, L Naquira, C Olson, J AF Rios, Zonia Castillo, Roger Montano, Silvia Huaman, Alfredo Caceda, Roxana Guevara, Carolina Rocha, Claudio Block, Karla Blair, Patrick Kochel, Tadeusz Gotuzzo, Eduardo Vidal, Carlos Suarez, Luis Naquira, Cesar Olson, James TI Clinical evaluation and virologic diagnosis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis in Peru, January 2000 to February 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rios, Zonia; Castillo, Roger; Montano, Silvia; Huaman, Alfredo; Caceda, Roxana; Guevara, Carolina; Rocha, Claudio; Block, Karla] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachement, Lima, Peru. [Blair, Patrick; Kochel, Tadeusz; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA USA. [Gotuzzo, Eduardo] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Vidal, Carlos] Direcc Salud, Iquitos, Peru. [Naquira, Cesar] Inst Nacl Salud, Ministerio Salud, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 972 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001395 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Stefaniak, ME McVey, D Limbach, K Ettyreddy, D Patterson, NB Baraceros, F Campo, JJ King, CR Bruder, JT AF Doolan, Denise L. Stefaniak, Maureen E. McVey, Duncan Limbach, Keith Ettyreddy, Damodar Patterson, Noelle B. Baraceros, Fe Campo, Joseph J. King, C. Richter Bruder, Joseph T. TI Development of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine against malaria: Effects of promoter strength on immunogenicity and protective efficacy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Doolan, Denise L.; Stefaniak, Maureen E.; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Baraceros, Fe; Campo, Joseph J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1030 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001453 ER PT J AU Martin, NC Kochel, T Pardo, J Porter, KR Burgess, TH AF Martin, Nicole C. Kochel, Tadeusz Pardo, Jorge Porter, Kevin R. Burgess, Timothy H. TI Potential differences in sign receptor utilization and neutralization by American and Asian genotype dengue-2 viruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Martin, Nicole C.; Kochel, Tadeusz; Pardo, Jorge; Porter, Kevin R.; Burgess, Timothy H.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1070 BP 352 EP 352 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001493 ER PT J AU Thomas, SJ Pardo, J Martin, NC Endy, T Green, S Porter, KR Burgess, TH AF Thomas, Stephen J. Pardo, Jorge Martin, Nicole C. Endy, Timothy Green, Sharone Porter, Kevin R. Burgess, Timothy H. TI DC-SIGN neutralization assay demonstrates high serotype specificity with paired sera from primary dengue infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, Stephen J.; Endy, Timothy] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pardo, Jorge; Martin, Nicole C.; Porter, Kevin R.; Burgess, Timothy H.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Green, Sharone] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1071 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001494 ER PT J AU Patterson, NB Campo, JJ Stefaniak, ME Bruder, J Limbach, K Mullen, G King, CR Miles, AP Miller, LH Long, C Saul, A Doolan, DL AF Patterson, Noelle B. Campo, Joseph J. Stefaniak, Maureen E. Bruder, Joseph Limbach, Keith Mullen, Greg King, C. Richter Miles, Aaron P. Miller, Louis H. Long, Carole Saul, Allan Doolan, Denise L. TI Plasmodium falciparum multi-antigen adenvirus vectored-vaccine is immunogenic in both homolgous and heterologous boost regimens in a Yucatan swine model of malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patterson, Noelle B.; Campo, Joseph J.; Stefaniak, Maureen E.; Limbach, Keith; Doolan, Denise L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Mullen, Greg; Miles, Aaron P.; Miller, Louis H.; Long, Carole; Saul, Allan] Natl Inst Hlth, Malaria Vaccine Dev Branch, Rockville, MD USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1087 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001510 ER PT J AU Weiss, WR Jiang, G Conteh, S Parra, N Richie, NO Valencia, A Singh, P Limbach, K Carucci, DJ Seclegah, M Brice, GT Doolan, DL Richie, TL AF Weiss, Walter R. Jiang, George Conteh, Solomon Parra, Nannette Richie, Nancy O. Valencia, Anais Singh, Priti Limbach, Keith Carucci, Daniel J. Seclegah, Martha Brice, Gary T. Doolan, Denise L. Richie, Thomas L. TI The effect of immunization interval on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multistage Plasmodium knowlesi DNA prime/poxvirus boost vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weiss, Walter R.; Jiang, George; Conteh, Solomon; Richie, Nancy O.; Valencia, Anais; Singh, Priti; Limbach, Keith; Seclegah, Martha; Doolan, Denise L.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Parra, Nannette] Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Carucci, Daniel J.] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Brice, Gary T.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1088 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001511 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance optimization of a two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric-generator SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric-generator; finite-time thermodynamics; non-equilibrium thermodynamics; optimization ID IRREVERSIBLE POWER-PLANTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; OPTIMAL-DESIGN; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; DEVICES; EFFICIENCY; AVAILABILITY; MINIMIZATION; ENGINES AB A model of a two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric-generator with external heat-transfer is built. Performance of the generator, assuming Newton's heat-transfer law applies, is analyzed using a combination of finite-time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The analytical equations about the power output versus the working electrical current, and the thermal efficiency versus working electrical-current are derived. For a fixed total heat-transfer surface-area for two heat-exchangers, the ratio of heat-transfer surface-area of the high-temperature side heat-exchanger to the total heat-transfer surface-area of the heat-exchangers is optimized for maximizing the power output and the thermal efficiency of the thermoelectric-generator. For a fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of number of thermoelectric elements of the top stage to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized for maximizing both the power output and the thermal efficiency of the thermoelectric-generator. The effects of design factors on the performance are analyzed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgehenna@yahoo.com NR 55 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.apenetgy.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 970QA UT WOS:000232323500002 ER PT J AU McLeod, MIK Christensen, R Sorensen, MP AF McLeod, MIK Christensen, R Sorensen, MP TI Pathology quiz case 2 SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NODULAR FASCIITIS; REGION; NECK C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McLeod, MIK (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 131 IS 12 BP 1121 EP + PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 991QA UT WOS:000233827300015 ER PT J AU Kazel, MD Sekiya, JK Greene, JA Bruker, CT AF Kazel, MD Sekiya, JK Greene, JA Bruker, CT TI Percutaneous correction (humeroplasty) of humeral head defects (Hill-Sachs) associated with anterior shoulder instability: A cadaveric study SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Hill-Sachs lesion; shoulder instability; humeral head defects ID ARTHROSCOPIC STABILIZATION; LESION; DISLOCATION; REPAIR; FAILURE; BONE AB Purpose: The goal of our study was to determine whether a bone tamp could be used to correct a Hill-Sachs lesion by a unique technique that we developed termed '' humeroplasty.'' Type of Study: In vitro cadaveric Study. Methods: We created reproducible Hill-Sachs lesions in 14 cadaveric humerii, which we then reduced with a curved bone tamp using our proposed technique. Paired t tests, with the significance set at P < .05, were then used to compare the prereduction and postreduction depths, widths, lengths, and volumes of the lesions. Results: The average prereduction defect measurements were 8.9 mm deep, 16.3 mm wide, 24.1 mm long, and 1,755 mm(3) in volume. The average postreduction defect measurements were 1.6 mm deep, 6.2 mm wide, 10.4 mm long, and 50.3 mm(3) in volume. A statistically significant improvement (P < .001) was seen in all parameters. Conclusions: Our technique was able to consistently and significantly restore all measured parameters of the Hill-Sachs lesions using a curved bone tamp. This reduction to a '' small '' defect may reduce the higher rate of recurrence normally found with the surgical treatment of shoulder instability Hill-Sachs lesions are present. Clinical Relevance: Humeroplasty potentially might when '' large '' reduce the higher rate of recurrence observed when the surgical treatment of shoulder instability involves the presence of large Hill-Sachs lesions. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst,Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jsekiya@hotmail.com NR 19 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1473 EP 1478 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.09.004 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 000TQ UT WOS:000234485700011 PM 16376238 ER PT J AU Ojha, R Fey, AL Charlot, P Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Reynolds, JE Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Koyama, Y AF Ojha, R Fey, AL Charlot, P Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Reynolds, JE Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Koyama, Y TI VLBI observations of southern hemisphere ICRF sources. II. Astrometric suitability based on intrinsic structure SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : active; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; surveys ID OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME; RADIO REFERENCE FRAME; ADDITIONAL SOURCE POSITIONS; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; LINE INTERFEROMETRY; 5 GHZ AB We present 8.4 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of 48 southern hemisphere extragalactic sources from the International Celestial Reference Frame. These are the second in a series of observations intended to image all such sources in the southern hemisphere at milliarcsecond resolution and bring the total number of observed sources to 111. We use these data, together with previously published data, to quantify the magnitude of the expected effect of intrinsic source structure on astrometric bandwidth synthesis VLBI observations by calculating a "structure index" for the sources; the structure index yields an estimate of their astrometric quality. Approximately 35% of sources in our sample have a structure index indicative of compact or very compact structures. The remaining two-thirds of our sources are less compact and should probably be avoided in astrometric and geodetic VLBI experiments requiring the highest accuracy unless intrinsic source structure can be accounted for in the astrometric/geodetic analysis. C1 CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Bordeaux OASU, CNRS, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Commun Res Labs, Kashima Space Res Ctr, Kashima, Ibaraki 3148501, Japan. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 130 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2540 DI 10.1086/497592 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988FH UT WOS:000233576800007 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ca XIII SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; OXYGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SOLAR-FLARE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IRON PROJECT; NI-XXI; IONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ca XIII. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), 2p(6), 2s(2)2p(3)3s, 2s(2)2p(3)3p and 2s(2)2p(3)3d giving rise to 86 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 Ry) in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 6.5, corresponding to maximum abundance of Ca XIII. Relative and absolute spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 444 IS 1 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053290 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 986LO UT WOS:000233451300031 ER PT J AU Britzen, S Krichbaum, TP Strom, RG Witzel, A Muxlow, TWB Matveenko, LI Campbell, RM Alef, W Hummel, CA Zensus, A AF Britzen, S Krichbaum, TP Strom, RG Witzel, A Muxlow, TWB Matveenko, LI Campbell, RM Alef, W Hummel, CA Zensus, A TI Large-scale motion, oscillations and a possible halo on the counter-jet side in 1803+784 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; BL Lacertae objects : individual : 1803+784; radio continuum : galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; BL-LAC OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPLETE SAMPLE; LACERTAE OBJECT; MILLIARCSECOND STRUCTURE; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; VLA-OBSERVATIONS; S5 SURVEY; QUASARS AB We present world-array VLBI observations of the blazar 1803+784 performed on May 29, 1993 at lambda = 18 cm. A 17-station VLBI array, the phased VLA and the 7-station MERLIN array observed the source simultaneously for 11 h. We present the global VLBI map, the MERLIN map, and combined-array maps at different resolutions giving an overview of the morphology of 1803+784 from the inner 10 mas to similar to 2 arcsec. We show that the jet bends by around 90 degrees at a core separation of about 0.5 arcsec towards the South. On larger scales, a Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) map made at a wavelength of 6 cm resolves the bridge connecting the core with the secondary component some 45" to the south. Wiggles in the ridge of this emission suggest that, as on the 100-pc scale, the jet may also oscillate on 50-100 kpc scales. In addition to improved imaging of the southern component, the 6 cm map provides evidence for amorphous emission to the north, as well as an extended, halo-like component about the nucleus. We compare the source structure at 6 and 18 cm with the structure at 2 cm in a VLBA image obtained on November 6, 1999. Jet wiggling is clearly seen on all scales between 1 mas and 50 arcsec. We find some indication for apparent superluminal motion between similar to 5c and 7c for the 25 mas jet component in model-fit results for five epochs of VLBI observations performed at 6 and 18 cm. In addition, we find some evidence for further so-called stationary components in the jet of this source which will have to be confirmed in future observations spaced more densely in time. We discuss the self-similar source morphology observed from mm to cm wavelengths - namely the wiggling on all observed scales - and the implications of the deviations from self-similarity. This is the second of two papers describing the radio structure of S5 1803+784. The first presented the results of 6 years of VLBI monitoring in the X-band (Britzen et al. 2005, MNRAS, in press). C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ASTRON, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Manchester, Nuffield Radio Astron Labs, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. VLBI Europe, Joint Inst, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Britzen, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM sbritzen@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 444 IS 2 BP 443 EP 454 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041823 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 986PJ UT WOS:000233461900019 ER PT J AU Welsch, BT DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF Welsch, BT DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK TI Magnetic reconnection models of prominence formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID FLUX CANCELLATION SITES; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; EMERGING FLUX; FILAMENTS; FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; CHIRALITY AB To investigate the hypothesis that prominences form by magnetic reconnection between initially distinct flux systems in the solar corona, we simulate coronal magnetic field evolution when two flux systems are driven together by boundary motions. In particular, we focus on configurations similar to those in the quiescent prominence formation model of Martens & Zwaan. We find that reconnection proceeds very weakly, if at all, in configurations driven with global shear flows ( i.e., differential rotation); reconnection proceeds much more efficiently in similar configurations that are driven to collide directly, with converging motions along the neutral line that lead to flux cancellation; reconnected fields from this process can exhibit sheared, dipped field lines along the neutral line, consistent with prominence observations. Our field configurations do not possess the "breakout'' topology, and eruptions are not observed, even though a substantial amount of flux is canceled in some runs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM welsch@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 2 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.1086/491641 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988FO UT WOS:000233577700057 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH Skibo, JG Kozlovsky, B AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH Skibo, JG Kozlovsky, B TI The physics of positron annihilation in the solar atmosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line : formation; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HELIUM SCATTERING; IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; RADIATION; FLARES; LINE AB We compile the most recently measured and calculated cross sections for processes relevant to annihilation of positrons in solar flares and present the final evaluated cross sections. We calculate the 511 keV annihilation line spectrum, the number of 2 gamma line photons produced per positron, and the relative strength of the 3 gamma continuum for each of the annihilation processes, using a Monte Carlo code that simulates the thermalization of and positronium production by similar to MeV positrons. We calculate the thermally averaged annihilation and positronium production rates and the positronium quenching rates. We apply the results to four specific environments ( fully ionized, neutral, partially ionized, and a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model of the quiet solar atmosphere), calculating the relative strengths of each process and the combined total annihilation line spectrum. The results are compared with data obtained recently from the high spectral resolution detectors of RHESSI. We find that positron annihilation in solar flares can occur in a wide variety of environments. The cross sections presented here are also useful for evaluation of positron annihilation in other environments such as the interstellar medium. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 161 IS 2 BP 495 EP 519 DI 10.1086/452634 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 993CO UT WOS:000233930500012 ER PT J AU Goericke, R Venrick, E Mantyla, A Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Huyer, A Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Hooff, R Peterson, WT Chavez, F Collins, C Marinovic, B Lo, N Gaxiola-Castro, G Durazo, R Hyrenbach, KD Sydeman, WJ AF Goericke, R Venrick, E Mantyla, A Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Huyer, A Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Hooff, R Peterson, WT Chavez, F Collins, C Marinovic, B Lo, N Gaxiola-Castro, G Durazo, R Hyrenbach, KD Sydeman, WJ TI The state of the California current, 2004-2005: Still cool? SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; OREGON; OSCILLATION; SCALES AB This report summarizes the recent state of the California Current System (CCS), primarily during the period of April 2004 to January 2005. The report is based on observations made between Oregon and Baja California by various ocean observing programs. The CCS was not forced by any coherent basin-wide processes during the observation period. The weak tropical El Nino of 2004 did not appear to have had a noticeable effect on the CCS. However, the CCS remains in a cold phase, a state it has had since the 1999 La Nina phase. Some biological parameters show a distinct response to this state, i.e. zooplankton biomass and its species richness, others display a mixed response such as the CCS avifauna and its productivity, and some do not show any response, such as phytoplankton biomass and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) productivity. Over all, the state of the system remains "normal" with respect to its climatology. The unusual intrusion of cold and fresh subarctic water into the CCS is waning off Oregon but still noticeable off southern California and off Baja California. Because the CCS does not appear subject to coherent basin-wide forcing, the outlook for the CCS over the next years is uncertain. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Marine Ecol Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. RP Goericke, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rgoericke@ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 46 BP 32 EP 71 PG 40 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 021EZ UT WOS:000235967800004 ER PT J AU Seidelmann, PK Archinal, BA A'Hearn, MF Cruikshank, DP Hilton, JL Keller, HU Oberst, J Simon, JL Stooke, P Tholen, DJ Thomas, PC AF Seidelmann, PK Archinal, BA A'Hearn, MF Cruikshank, DP Hilton, JL Keller, HU Oberst, J Simon, JL Stooke, P Tholen, DJ Thomas, PC TI Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2003 SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE asteroids; cartographic coordinates; comets; planets; rotation axes; rotation periods; satellites; shapes; sizes ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS AB Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, and asteroids. This report introduces a system of cartographic coordinates for asteroids and comets. A topographic reference surface for Mars is recommended. Tables for the rotational elements of the planets and satellites and size and shape of the planets and satellites are not included, since there were no changes to the values. They are available in the previous report (Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron., 82, 83-110, 2002), a version of which is also available on a web site. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. MPI Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. DLR Berlin Adlershof, Berlin, Germany. Inst Mecan Celeste, Paris, France. Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s10569-004-3115-4 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 954OE UT WOS:000231163600001 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Dong, HL Newell, SW AF Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Dong, HL Newell, SW TI The effect of microbial Fe(III) reduction on smectite flocculation SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microbial Impacts on Clay Transformation and Reactivity CY 2004 CL Richland, WA DE Fe(III) reduction; flocculation; micromeritics Sedigraph (R); nontronite (NAu-1); Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; smectite; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL FE(III); CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLAY-MINERALS; IRON; BACTERIA; ILLITE; RIVER; DISTRIBUTIONS; SUSPENSIONS AB This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in flocculation properties of Fe-rich smectite (nontronite, NAu-1) suspensions, including settling velocity, aggregate size and floc architecture associated with microbial Fe(III)-reduction in the smectite structure. The dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was incubated with lactate as the electron donor and structural Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor for 3, 12, 24 and 48 h in an anaerobic chamber. Two controls were prepared; the first was identical to the experimental treatments except that heat-killed cells were used (non-reduced control), and the second control was the same as the first except that the incubation was carried out in an aerobic environment. The extent of Fe(III) reduction for the 48 h incubation was observed to reach up to 18%. Neither the non-reduced control nor the aerobically inoculated sample showed Fe(III) reduction. Compared with the non-reduced control, there was a 2.7 mu m increase in mean aggregate size and a 30-fold increase in average settling velocity in the bioreduced smectite suspensions as measured using a Micromeritics Sedigraph (R). The aerobically inoculated smectite showed a similar aggregate-size distribution to that of the non-reduced control. Significant changes in physical properties of smectite suspensions induced by microbial Fe(III) reduction were measured directly using transmission electron microscopy. The floc architecture of bioreduced smectite revealed less open structures compared to those of a non-reduced control. The aspect ratio (thickness/length) of individual smectite particle increased from 0.11 for the non-reduced control to 0.18 on average for the bioreduced smectite suspensions. The effects of pH on the clay flocculation were minimal in this study because the value of pH remained nearly constant at pH = 7.0-7.3 before and after the experiments. We therefore suggest that the increase in net negative charge caused by microbial Fe(Ill) reduction significantly promoted clay flocculation by increasing the electrochemical attraction in the smectite suspensions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530603 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 993VV UT WOS:000233984400004 ER PT J AU Bogacz, S Trafton, JG AF Bogacz, S Trafton, JG TI Understanding dynamic and static displays: using images to reason dynamically SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE representation; images; static; dynamic; animations; meteorology; weather forecasting; reasoning ID COMPUTER ANIMATION; MENTAL ANIMATION; INFORMATION; TASKS AB We examined expert meteorologists as they created a weather forecast while working in a naturalistic environment. We examined the type of external representation they chose to examine (a static image, a sequence of static images, or a dynamic display) and the kind of information they extracted from those representations (static or dynamic). We found that even though weather is an extremely dynamic domain, expert meteorologists examined very few animations, examining primarily static images. However, meteorologists did extract large amounts of dynamic information from these static images, suggesting that they reasoned about the weather by mentally animating the static images rather than letting the software do it for them. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clarify Concepts, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bogacz, S (reprint author), Clarify Concepts, 1330 New Hampshire Ave NW 915, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM sally@clarifyconcepts.com; trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2004.11.007 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 006GN UT WOS:000234884600004 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Sircar, S Zhou, H AF Wang, Q Sircar, S Zhou, H TI Steady state solutions of the Smoluchowski equation for rigid nematic polymers under imposed fields SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; kinetic theory; polymers; elongational flow; magnetic field; electric field ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; FLOWS AB We solve the Smoluchowski equation for steady state solutions of rigid nematic polymers and suspensions under imposed elongational flow, magnetic or electric fields, respectively. Under the three imposed fields, we show that (1) the Smoluchowski equation can be cast into a generic form (2) the external field must parallel to one of the eigenvectors of the second moment tensor in steady states, and (3) the steady state solution of the Smoluchowski equation (probability density function or simply pdf) is of the Boltzmann type parameterized by material parameters and two order parameters governed by two algebraic-integral equations. Then, we present a complete bifurcation diagram of the order parameters with respect to the material parameters by solving the algebraic-integral equations. The stability of the pdf solutions is inferred from the minimum of the free energy density. The solution method is extended to dilute solutions of dipolar, rigid nematic polymers under an imposed electric field. The first moment of the steady state pdf is shown to be parallel to the external field direction at sufficiently strong permanent dipole or relatively weak dipole-dipole interaction. In this case, the steady solution of the Smoluchowski equation is parameterized by one order parameter and material parameters in the Boltzmann form. Otherwise, the first moment is not necessarily parallel to the external field direction. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Nankai Univ, Sch Math, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 3 IS 4 BP 605 EP 620 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 015NJ UT WOS:000235557800009 ER PT J AU Carlsson, LA Matteson, RC Aviles, F Loup, DC AF Carlsson, LA Matteson, RC Aviles, F Loup, DC TI Crack path in foam cored DCB sandwich fracture specimens SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crack path; beam analysis; DCB ID TOUGHNESS; KINKING; PANELS; BEAMS AB A simple laminated beam analysis is presented for analysis of the propagation path of a core crack in symmetric and unsymmetric double cantilever beam (DCB) sandwich fracture specimens with a polymer foam core. The analysis determines the sign of shear stress ahead of the crack tip from the discontinuity of bending strain in the legs of the DCB specimen, and hence, the kinking direction. The beam analysis, furthermore, assesses the stability of the crack path and provides the steady-state location of the crack after kinking (if it kinks). The analysis was in overall agreement with predictions of kink angle obtained from detailed finite element modeling and experimental crack paths in DCB specimens with a H100 foam core. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, Marine Composites Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Carlsson, LA (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM carlsson@fau.edu NR 19 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 15-16 SI SI BP 2612 EP 2621 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.05.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 981GR UT WOS:000233076100028 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ Lemieux, EJ AF Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ Lemieux, EJ TI Evaluation of deoxygenation as a corrosion control measure for ballast tanks SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE alternate immersion; ballast; carbon steel; deoxygenation; seawater ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; UNDERNEATH AEROBIC BIOFILMS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MILD-STEEL AB Field experiments designed to evaluate deoxygenation of natural seawater as a corrosion control measure for unprotected carbon steel seawater ballast tanks demonstrated decreased corrosion in hypoxic (< 0.2 ppm O-2) seawater using linear polarization measurements. They also demonstrated the difficulty of maintaining hypoxic seawater. Using a gas mixture it was possible to displace dissolved oxygen. However, aerobic respiration and corrosion reactions consumed oxygen and produced totally anaerobic conditions within the first days of hypoxia. When gaskets and seals failed, oxygen was inadvertently introduced. The impact of oxygen ingress on corrosion depends on the amount of oxygen in the system at the time oxygen is introduced. Carbon steel exposed to cycles of hypoxic seawater and oxygenated atmosphere had higher corrosion rates than coupons exposed to cycles of either consistently aerobic or deoxygenated conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33041 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7330,Bldg 1009,Rm B131, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jlee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1173 EP 1188 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 997JQ UT WOS:000234241900006 ER PT J AU Martin, FJ Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE Natishan, PM AF Martin, FJ Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE Natishan, PM TI Impedance studies of the passive film on aluminium SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aluminium; passivity; pitting corrosion; impedance; space charge layer; oxide film ID POINT-DEFECT MODEL; PIT INITIATION; ANODIC-DISSOLUTION; PITTING CORROSION; PURE ALUMINUM; CHLORIDE-ION; OXIDE-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; INHIBITION; BREAKDOWN AB Impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the characteristics of aluminium in 0.10 M NaCl solution at potentials below the pitting potential (-1.50V(SCE) to -0.70V(SCE)). Multiple capacitive (or pseudocapacitive) impedance features have been identified and analyzed over this range of potentials. Higher frequency resistances have been compared with surface analytical data, establishing a correlation between higher frequency impedances and the concentration of chloride in the passive film. The relationship shows that both charging resistance and chloride concentration reach a maximum immediately prior to passive film breakdown. At the onset of metastable pitting, both the impedance and chloride concentration decrease from the measured maxima. In contrast to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, the impedance results do not reveal oxide thinning prior to the onset of metastable pitting. Modelling from impedance data indicates that the thickness of the oxide layer sampled by impedance is much thinner than the oxide measured with surface analytical techniques, suggesting that the impedance method senses only the space charge layer in the oxide and not the total film thickness. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6314,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM natishan@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3187 EP 3201 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.058 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987RM UT WOS:000233535000021 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Validation of corrosion rates measured by the Tafel extrapolation method SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tafel equation; Tafel extrapolation; corrosion rates; uniform corrosion; iron; titanium ID ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; HYDROGEN OVERVOLTAGE; POLARIZATION CURVES; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; SULFURIC-ACID; IRON; DISSOLUTION; ZINC; INHIBITION AB This paper discusses the validity and limitations of the Tafel extrapolation method for the determination of corrosion rates for activation-controlled corrosion processes. Experimental corrosion rates determined by the Tafel method are compared with corrosion rates obtained by an independent chemical (i.e., non-electrochemical) method for iron in hydrochloric acid, iron in 3.5% NaCl, and for titanium in boiling 1 M sulfuric acid. The methods of confirmation of the corrosion rates involved colorimetric analysis of the dissolved cation or the use of an ion-implanted inert Xe marker. Additional examples taken from the literature involving other metals and other methods of validation are also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 281 Z9 289 U1 14 U2 86 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3202 EP 3215 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.046 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987RM UT WOS:000233535000022 ER PT J AU Childers, VA Brozena, JM AF Childers, VA Brozena, JM TI Long-range aircraft as an Arctic Oceanographic platform SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE CTD; oceanography; airborne surveys; airborne equipment; regional terms; Arctic Ocean ID SEA-ICE COVER; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; HALOCLINE; BASIN; WATER; LAYER AB Synoptic basin-wide measurements of Arctic Ocean temperature and salinity are now possible with the recent development of ail expendable conductivity, temperature, and depth probe for deployment from aircraft (AXCTD). Both the P-3 Orion aircraft and the C-130 aircraft are capable of long-range, low-altitude flight and are ideal for Arctic research. Expendable profilers can be quickly deployed over vast regions from aircraft and in locations with limited ship access, but have the disadvantage of measuring only the top 1000 in and of being about an order of magnitude less accurate than a CTD cast, primarily because of noisy salinity measurements and depth-fall rate errors. We explore how to conduct an ACXTD measurement program in ice-covered seas and discuss a test of these methods conducted in the Arctic Ocean's Eurasian Basin. Long-range aircraft can significantly augment the present program of Arctic research by performing large-area surveys, continuing time series with repeat measurements, and by helping target locations for more detailed and accurate shipboard measurement. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Childers, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7421,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vicki.childers@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2366 EP 2375 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.07.004 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994NM UT WOS:000234038500011 ER PT J AU Nelson, DA Curlee, JS Curran, AR Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Nelson, DA Curlee, JS Curran, AR Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Determining localized garment insulation values from manikin studies: computational method and results SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clothing; heat transfer; sensible heat; insulation ID HUMAN THERMOREGULATION; WIDE-RANGE; PREDICTION AB The localized thermal insulation value expresses a garment's thermal resistance over the region which is covered by the garment, rather than over the entire surface of a subject or manikin. The determination of localized garment insulation values is critical to the development of high-resolution models of sensible heat exchange. A method is presented for determining and validating localized garment insulation values, based on whole-body insulation values (clo units) and using computer-aided design and thermal analysis software. Localized insulation values are presented for a catalog consisting of 106 garments and verified using computer-generated models. The values presented are suitable for use on volume element-based or surface element-based models of heat transfer involving clothed subjects. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. ThermoAnalyt Inc, Calumet, MI 49931 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Nelson, DA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM danelson@mtu.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 464 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s00421-005-0033-4 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 986RT UT WOS:000233468100010 PM 16172864 ER PT J AU Gaquin, A AF Gaquin, A TI A multilingual France? SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gaquin, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2 BP 278 EP 294 PG 17 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 990KK UT WOS:000233741600002 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, SE Watkins, J Furukawa, Y AF O'Reilly, SE Watkins, J Furukawa, Y TI Secondary mineral formation associated with respiration of nontronite, NAu-1 by iron reducing bacteria SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON OXIDATION; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; STRUCTURAL FE(III); MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CLAY-MINERALS; MANGANESE REDUCTION AB Experimental batch and miscible-flow cultures were studied in order to determine the mechanistic pathways of microbial Fe(III) respiration in ferruginous smectite clay, NAu-1. The primary purpose was to resolve if alteration of smectite and release of Fe precedes microbial respiration. Alteration of NAu-1, represented by the morphological and mineralogical changes, occurred regardless of the extent of microbial Fe(III) reduction in all of our experimental systems, including those that contained heat-killed bacteria and those in which O-2, rather than Fe(III), was the primary terminal electron acceptor. The solid alteration products observed under transmission electron microscopy included poorly crystalline smectite with diffuse electron diffraction signals, discrete grains of Fe-free amorphous aluminosilicate with increased Al/Si ratio, Fe-rich grains, and amorphous Si globules in the immediate vicinity of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances. In reducing systems, Fe was also found as siderite. The small amount of Fe partitioned to the aqueous phase was primarily in the form of dissolved Fe(III) species even in the systems in which Fe(III) was the primary terminal electron acceptor for microbial respiration. From these observations, we conclude that microbial respiration of Fe(III) in our laboratory systems proceeded through the following: (1) alteration of NAu-1 and concurrent release of Fe(III) from the octahedral sheets of NAu-1; and (2) subsequent microbial respiration of Fe(III). (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 59 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1063/1.2084787 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 998UV UT WOS:000234346300001 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Sazykin, S Wolf, R Spiro, R AF Huba, JD Joyce, G Sazykin, S Wolf, R Spiro, R TI Simulation study of penetration electric field effects on the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY AB The first self-consistent study of the impact of storm-time penetration electric fields on the low-to mid-latitude ionosphere is presented. The inner magnetosphere is described by the Rice Convection Model (RCM) and the ionosphere is described by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) code SAMI3. The codes are coupled electrodynamically through the electrostatic potential equation, and the storm is modeled via changes in the polar cap potential. Neutral wind driven electric fields are estimated from the Fejer/Scherliess quiet time model. It is found that temporal changes in the polar cap potential produce electric fields that modify the F region equatorial E x B drift velocities: the velocities increase in the daytime and decrease in the nighttime by up to a factor of two. This causes the total electron content (TEC) in the daytime, mid-latitude ionosphere to increase by up to 35%. In addition, the ;fountain effect' is enhanced in the post-sunset period. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil RI Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008 OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248 NR 21 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 23 AR L23101 DI 10.1029/2005GL024162 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 993EH UT WOS:000233935700005 ER PT J AU Swartz, RJ West, LA Boiko, I Malpica, A Guillaud, M MacAulay, C Follen, M Atkinson, EN Cox, DD AF Swartz, RJ West, LA Boiko, I Malpica, A Guillaud, M MacAulay, C Follen, M Atkinson, EN Cox, DD TI Classification using the cumulative log-odds in the quantitative pathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the cervix SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Cancer Conference CY MAY 18-22, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Natl Canc Inst, Ctr Dis Control, M D Anderson Canc Ctr, European Inst Oncol, Univ Turin, Med Sch, Mirano Med Ctr DE logistic regression; population classification; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis; adenocarcinoma; cervical carcinoma; quantitative pathology; cumulative odds AB Introduction. This study develops a method that discriminates between normal and cancerous tissue sections (i.e., populations of cells) using a statistical model applied to high-dimensional quantitative measurements made on a sample of cells. Materials and methods. We use a cumulative log-odds model to create a score for a tissue section using the information from the cells within that tissue section. Then, a threshold is determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The method was tested using data from cervical adenocarcinomas, adenocarcinoma in situ, and normal columnar tissue. Results. Using 120 potential features, we analyzed the data for staining-independent features. Twenty-two features were statistically significant. We then calculated the log-odds and created a score, followed by ROC curve analysis. The operating point which maximizes the sum of the specificity and sensitivity achieved a sensitivity of 100% with a specificity of 85%. Conclusion. The cumulative log-odds performs well in classifying tissue sections using high-dimensional data measured at the cellular level, like that of quantitative pathology. This methodology potentially has applications in pathology, radiology, and optical technologies. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Unit 193, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Unit 243, Houston, TX 77098 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. British Columbia Canc Res Ctr, Dept Canc Imaging, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Follen, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Unit 193, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 193, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mfollen@mdanderson.org RI MacAulay, Calum/K-1795-2016 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 SU 1 BP S24 EP S31 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.038 PG 8 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 000ZV UT WOS:000234502500008 PM 16185757 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Forester, DW AF Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Forester, DW TI Zero-permeability materials: an artifact of losses in left-handed media SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-MICROWAVES ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PERMITTIVITY; METAMATERIAL AB The physical properties of a zero-permeability material (or Z mu M) are evaluated through analysis of electromagnetic transmission using realistic parametric conditions for artificial left-handed media (LHM) or negative index materials. Analysis demonstrates that LHM and Z mu M share the same transmission band, and that the material's predominant refractive character strongly depends on the dielectric losses. The material converts from pure LHM to Z mu M by increasing the dielectric loss. The Z mu M is a special limiting case of a LHM for high dielectric losses and small refractive index. C1 SFA NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM jcmonzon@olg.com NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2417 J9 IEE P-MICROW ANTEN P JI IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1049/ip-map:20050131 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 000HO UT WOS:000234452100009 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR O'Connor, SR Biswal, S AF Bowman, SR O'Connor, SR Biswal, S TI Ytterbium laser with reduced thermal loading SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE laser thermal factors; solid lasers; ytterbium ID KGD(WO4)(2); CRYSTALS AB We report a novel design for a high-power ytterbium disk laser. This laser utilizes radial diode pumping of a back surface cooled active-mirror geometry. Wing absorption of the pump light at 0.99 mu m allows efficient laser operation at 1.05 mu m with a low quantum defect. Laser performance and thermal loading were characterized for a wide range of conditions. Optimized operation of the laser yielded 490 W in a quasi-continuous-wave mode. Electrical efficiency of the laser was found to be 9.4%, while heating of the laser disk was only 3.2% of the absorbed optical power. Fluorescence re-absorption is identified as the principal heat generation mechanism in this laser. A simplified extension to the conventional rate model is proposed for lasing in radiation-trapped systems. This model allows power flow calculations in a radiation-trapped laser system using a single parameter determined from fluorescence decay waveforms. The revised model agrees with heat load measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bowman@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1510 EP 1517 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.858796 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 988EM UT WOS:000233574400010 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Myers, RE Wood, FN Binari, SC AF Calame, JP Myers, RE Wood, FN Binari, SC TI Simulations of direct-die-attached microchannel coolers for the thermal management of GaN-on-SiC microwave amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE cooling; fluid flow; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); microassembly; modulation-doped field effect transistor (MODFET); monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers; stress; temperature ID DIODE-LASER ARRAYS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; HEAT-EXCHANGERS; SOLDER ALLOYS; CVD DIAMOND; POWER; DEVICES; CU; OPTIMIZATION; OPERATION AB This paper presents finite-element thermo-mechanical simulation studies of microchannel-based techniques to cool AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility rf transistors grown on SiC substrates. A number of problems are considered, including standard thickness dies on both oxygen-free-high-conductivity (OFHC) copper and AlN microchannel coolers, as well as thinned dies on a hybrid diamond/silicon microchannel cooler. The active device sizes and cooling strategies selected are relevant to X-band (similar to 10 GHz) amplifiers dissipating 50-100 W of steady-state waste heat. The effects of die attach materials on device temperature and mechanical stresses are studied. The plastic yielding behaviors of the die attach material and other metallic portions of the package are incorporated into the analysis. The removal of 100 W of steady-state waste heat in an example X-band compatible device is found to be consistent with 140-185 degrees C maximum transistor junction temperatures and tolerable mechanical stresses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Miss Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM calame@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 797 EP 809 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2005.848584 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 990PR UT WOS:000233756200033 ER PT J AU Johnson, RW Melich, ME Michalewicz, Z Schmidt, M AF Johnson, RW Melich, ME Michalewicz, Z Schmidt, M TI Coevolutionary optimization of fuzzy logic intelligence for strategic decision support SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE coevolution; fuzzy rules; games; resource allocation; strategic decisions ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; CHECKERS; PROGRAM AB We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves fuzzy logic rules to play a two-sided zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20 000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human payers, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place little value on information concerning the play of the opponent. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Comp Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Comp Sci, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland. Polish Japanese Inst Informat Technol, PL-02008 Warsaw, Poland. SolvelT Software Pty Ltd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Johnson, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rwjohnso@nps.edu; melich@alumni.rice.edu; zbyszek@cs.adelaide.edu.au; martin.schmidt@solveitsoftware.com RI Dao, Rock/E-5736-2014 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-778X J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 682 EP 694 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2005.856208 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 993RO UT WOS:000233972800012 ER PT J AU McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F AF McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F TI RF frequency shifting via optically switched dual-channel PZT fiber stretchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE microwave frequency translation; optical signal processing; piezo (PZT) fiber stretchers; serrodyne modulation ID TRANSLATOR; PHASE AB We demonstrate a new technique for RF serrodyne frequency shifting with ultrahigh sideband suppression. This is accomplished using two parallel optically switched piezo fiber stretchers driven with two out-of-phase serrodyne modulations. We achieved sideband suppression of nearly 50 dB, an improvement of almost 30 dB compared to the standard fiber stretching approach. The frequency shifter is easily integrated into photonic and RF systems, is functional in certain broad-band applications, and allows for tunable translations. C1 Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDermitt, CS (reprint author), Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM chris.mcdermitt@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 3782 EP 3787 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.859870 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 992CE UT WOS:000233861100013 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P McMorrow, D Torres, A Gaillardin, M Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Campbell, AB Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Shaneyfelt, MR Hirose, K Faynot, O Jahan, C Tosti, L AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P McMorrow, D Torres, A Gaillardin, M Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Campbell, AB Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Shaneyfelt, MR Hirose, K Faynot, O Jahan, C Tosti, L TI Direct measurement of transient pulses induced by laser and heavy ion irradiation in deca-nanometer devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE collected charge; heavy ion; pulsed laser; SOI and bulk transistors; transient current ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; MICROELECTRONICS; TRANSISTORS; AVIONICS; UPSET AB This paper investigates the transient response of 50-nm gate length fully and partially depleted SOI and bulk devices to pulsed laser and heavy ion microbeam irradiations. The measured transient signals on 50-nm fully depleted devices are very short, and the collected charge is small compared to older 0.25-mu m generation SOI and bulk devices. We analyze in detail the influence of the SOI architecture (fully or partially depleted) on the pulse duration and the amount of bipolar amplification. For bulk devices, the doping engineering is shown to have large effects on the duration of the transient signals and on the charge collection efficiency. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. IMEP ENSERG, F-38016 Grenoble 1, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. CEA LETI, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM veronique.ferlet@cea.fr NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2104 EP 2113 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860682 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000007 ER PT J AU Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Mavis, DG Gadlage, M Turflinger, T AF Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Mavis, DG Gadlage, M Turflinger, T TI Variation of digital SET pulse widths and the implications for single event hardening of advanced CMOS processes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE error rate; heavy ion; radiation effects; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; transient propagation; transient pulse width ID LOGIC; UPSET; TRANSIENT; MICROCIRCUITS; PROPAGATION; CHARGE AB Single event transient (SET) pulse widths produced from heavy ion irradiation in digital ICs are measured using a variable-delay temporal-latch test structure. We show for the first time that there is a wide distribution of SET pulse widths created by heavy ion radiation in digital CMOS logic at given linear energy transfer (LET) levels. We were able to measure SET pulse widths from as short as 344 ps to greater than 1.5 ns in 0.18 mu m CMOS technology at LETs greater than 80 MeV-cm(2)/mg. Depending on LET, the cross section of the very long SET pulses were as much as four orders of magnitude smaller than for the shorter pulse widths. This has substantial implications for hardening techniques; specifically, we now know that we can dramatically improve the SET hardness without suffering the speed penalties required to remove the longest transients. C1 ATK Mission Res, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Microelectron Res & Dev Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. RP Benedetto, JM (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM Benedetto@atkmr.com NR 20 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2114 EP 2119 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860679 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000008 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Eaton, PH Benedetto, JM Turflinger, TL AF Gadlage, MJ Eaton, PH Benedetto, JM Turflinger, TL TI Comparison of heavy ion and proton induced combinatorial and sequential logic error rates in a deep submicron process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE combinational logic circuits; ion radiation effects; proton radiation effects; sequential logic circuits ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS AB Digital single event transients induced in combinatorial logic are quickly becoming a significant error source as circuit feature sizes shrink and digital circuits operate faster. In this paper, we are able to compare the combinatorial logic error rate to the sequential logic error rate in both heavy ion and proton environments in a simple digital circuit created in a 0.18 mu m CMOS technology. We are able to do this by comparing data from two unique test chips. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Microelectron Res & Dev Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM gadlage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil; paul.eaton@micro-rdc.com; joeb@mrcmicroe.com NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2120 EP 2124 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860678 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000009 ER PT J AU Warren, KM Weller, RA Mendenhall, MH Reed, RA Ball, DR Howe, CL Olson, BD Alles, ML Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD Haddad, NF Doyle, SE McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT AF Warren, KM Weller, RA Mendenhall, MH Reed, RA Ball, DR Howe, CL Olson, BD Alles, ML Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD Haddad, NF Doyle, SE McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT TI The contribution of nuclear reactions to heavy ion single event upset cross-section measurements in a high-density SEU hardened SRAM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE cross section; Geant4; MRED; single event upset ID ENERGY AB Heavy ion irradiation was simulated using a Geant4 based Monte-Carlo transport code. Electronic and nuclear physics were used to generate statistical profiles of charge deposition in the sensitive volume of an SEU hardened SRAM. Simulation results show that materials external to the sensitive volume can affect the experimentally measured cross-section curve. C1 Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Free Electron Laser Lab, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Warren, KM (reprint author), Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM kevin.m.warren@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 15 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2125 EP 2131 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860677 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000010 ER PT J AU Olson, BD Ball, DR Warren, KM Massengill, LW Haddad, NF Doyle, SE McMorrow, D AF Olson, BD Ball, DR Warren, KM Massengill, LW Haddad, NF Doyle, SE McMorrow, D TI Simultaneous single event charge sharing and parasitic bipolar conduction in a highly-scaled SRAM design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE charge sharing; parasitic bipolar; single event upset ID MULTIPLE BIT UPSETS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; SILICON DEVICES; COLLECTION; TRACKS; LASER; CELL AB A novel mechanism for upset is seen in a commercially available 0.25 mu m 10-T SEE hardened SRAM cell. Unlike traditional multiple node charge collection in which diffusions near a single event strike collect the deposited carriers, this new mechanism involves direct drift-diffusion collection at an NFET transistor in conjunction with parasitic bipolar conduction in nearby PFET transistors. The charge collection with the parasitic bipolar conduction compromise the SEE hardened design, thus causing upsets. The mechanism was identified using laser testing and three-dimensional TCAD simulations. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olson, BD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM b.olson@vanderbilt.edu NR 15 TC 96 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2132 EP 2136 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860684 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000011 ER PT J AU Petersen, EL Pouget, V Massengill, LW Buchner, SP McMorrow, D AF Petersen, EL Pouget, V Massengill, LW Buchner, SP McMorrow, D TI Rate predictions for single-event effects - Critique II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE figure of merit (FOM); heavy ion; picosecond pulsed laser; proton; SEU rates; single event simulation; single event upset (SEU) ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; UPSET RATE CALCULATIONS; SEE RATE CALCULATIONS; RAY-INDUCED ERRORS; PULSED-LASER; COSMIC-RAYS; HEAVY-ION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; COMPUTER MEMORIES; FIGURE AB The concept of charge efficacy is introduced as a measure of the effectiveness of incident charge for producing single-event upsets. Efficacy is a measure of the single-event upset (SEU) sensitivity within a cell. It is illustrated how the efficacy curve can be determined from standard heavy-ion or pulsed laser SEU cross-section data, and discussed how it can be calculated from combined charge collection and circuit analysis. Upset rates can be determined using the figure of merit approach, and values determined from the laser cross-sections or from the mixed-mode simulations. The standard integral rectangular parallel-piped (IRPP) method for upset rate calculation is re-examined assuming that the probability of upset depends on the location of the hit on the surface. It is concluded that it is unnecessary to reformulate the IRPP approach. C1 CNRS, UMR 3405, IXL, Talence, France. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petersen, EL (reprint author), 17289 Kettlebrook Landing, Jeffersonton, VA 22724 USA. EM epetersen3@earthlink.net; pouget@ixl.fr; lloyd.niassengill@vanderbilt.edu; sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2158 EP 2167 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860687 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000015 ER PT J AU Duncan, AR Srinivasan, V Sternberg, AL Robinson, WH Bhuva, BL Massengill, LW AF Duncan, AR Srinivasan, V Sternberg, AL Robinson, WH Bhuva, BL Massengill, LW TI Comparison of SEUTool results to experimental results in boeing radiation tolerant DSP (BDSP C30) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE digital signal processing (DSP); modeling; SEUTool; single-event effects (SEEs); single-event upsets (SEUs); SPICE ID LOGIC AB A CAD tool (SEUTool) is analyzed for simulating single-event upsets (SEUs) in large combinational logic circuits. SEUTool cross-section results show excellent agreement with experimental test data taken with the Boeing BDSP C30. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN USA. RP Duncan, AR (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. EM duncanar@atd.crane.navy.mil; varadarajan.srinivasan@vanderbilt.edu; andrew.l.sternberg@vanderbilt.edu; william.h.robinson@vanderbilt.edu; bharat.l.bhuva@vanderbilt.edu; lloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2224 EP 2230 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860693 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000025 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Schrimpf, RD Platteter, D Shaneyfelt, M Vermeire, B AF Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Schrimpf, RD Platteter, D Shaneyfelt, M Vermeire, B TI Estimation and verification of radiation induced N-ot and N-it energy distribution using combined bipolar and MOS characterization methods in gated bipolar devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE BJT; charge pumping; ELDRS; interface traps; TID ID INDUCED INTERFACE TRAPS; GAIN DEGRADATION; TRANSISTORS; CHARGE; MECHANISMS; OXIDES AB Complementary bipolar and MOS characterization techniques, specifically the gate sweep (GS) and sub-threshold sweep (SS), are used to estimate the radiation induced oxide charge (N-ot) and interface trap (N-it) buildup in gated bipolar test devices. The gate sweep and sub-threshold sweep data from recent TID testing of gated lateral PNP devices suggests an asymmetric energy distribution of interface traps after ionizing radiation exposure. Charge pumping (CP) experiments were done on the test devices to estimate the energy distribution of interface traps induced by radiation. The CP results are used in this paper to confirm the analytical findings from the GS and SS techniques and solidify the use of the complementary method as a simple way of determining radiation induced interface trap distribution in gated bipolar devices. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Wintech Programs, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.chen@asu.edu; hbarnaby@asu.edu; rpease@mrcmicroe.com; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; platteter@atd.crane.navy.mil; shaneyfelt@sandia.gov; Bert.Vermeire@asu.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2245 EP 2251 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860669 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000028 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ Warner, JH AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ Warner, JH TI Criteria for identifying radiation resistant semiconductor materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) ID ENERGY-LOSS NIEL; SILICON DEVICES; SOLAR-CELLS; DAMAGE; PROTON; DIAMOND AB An index that would reliably rank the relative radiation hardness of semiconductors would be very helpful for selecting materials for many applications. The concept of "concentration of primary defects" (CPD) has been proposed as such an index. Here we show that for the GaAs-InP family of semiconductors used in solar cells, CPD yields results that do not agree with experiment. The long-established concept of damage constants for various semiconductor properties is a more reliable index. For solar cells the relevant damage constant is that for the degradation of minority carrier lifetime. Although the damage constants reported for different semiconductors are specific to a particular type and energy of radiation, we show they can be extended beyond the type and particle energy for which they were originally determined by using nonionizing energy loss (NIEL), thereby greatly extending their possible application. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM messenger@nri.navy.mil; edaburke@rcn.com; gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Jeffrey.Warner@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2280 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860697 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000033 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Davis, JD Lawrence, RK Bowman, JH Brown, RD Carlton, D Pena, J Vasquez, J Haddad, N Warren, K Massengill, L AF McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Davis, JD Lawrence, RK Bowman, JH Brown, RD Carlton, D Pena, J Vasquez, J Haddad, N Warren, K Massengill, L TI Single-event upset in flip-chip SRAM induced by through-wafer, two-photon absorption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE laser SEE; nonlinear absorption; single-event effects; SEE; SEU; silicon; SRAM ID PULSED-LASER; CROSS-SECTION; HEAVY-IONS; SILICON; BEAM AB The single-event upset response of a single-event hardened SRAM 10-transistor cell is mapped in two dimensions via carrier injection by two-photon absorption through the back (substrate) surface in a flip-chip mounted 4 Mb SRAM. Using through-wafer carrier injection, charge is deposited into the active regions of the device at well-defined locations in a reproducible manner, and the single-event upset sensitive region of the device is localized to within +/- 0.3 micrometers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, ISDE, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2421 EP 2425 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860673 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000056 ER PT J AU McMarr, PJ Nelson, ME Liu, ST Nelson, D Delikat, KJ Gouker, P Tyrrell, B Hughes, H AF McMarr, PJ Nelson, ME Liu, ST Nelson, D Delikat, KJ Gouker, P Tyrrell, B Hughes, H TI Asymmetric SEU in SOISRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE random access memories; silicon-on-insulator technology; single event upset ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS; RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; CHARGE COLLECTION; SOI TECHNOLOGIES; N-TYPE; NEUTRON; NUCLEAR; DEVICES; PROTONS; SILICON AB Partially depleted (PD) 0.15 mu m CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) SRAMs were exposed to heavy ions, 14 MeV neutrons, and protons. The upset threshold and saturated cross section LET values were determined from heavy ion exposures. The SRAMs were then exposed at various angles of incidence with respect to a 14 MeV neutron source to a total fluence of 4 x 10(13) n/cm(2). The number of upsets from front exposure was more than double the number from back exposure. Following neutron exposure, proton upset measurements were performed. For a given fluence, the number of proton induced upsets was essentially identical to the number of neutron induced upsets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Engn & Weapons Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP McMarr, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nelson@usna.edu; mike.liu@honey-well.com; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2481 EP 2486 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.830720 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000065 ER PT J AU Wroe, AJ Cornelius, IM Rosenfeld, AB Pisacane, VL Ziegler, JF Nelson, E Cucinotta, F Zaider, M Dicello, JF AF Wroe, AJ Cornelius, IM Rosenfeld, AB Pisacane, VL Ziegler, JF Nelson, E Cucinotta, F Zaider, M Dicello, JF TI Microdosimetry simulations of solar protons within a spacecraft SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE GEANT4; microdosimetry; protons ID BEAMS AB The microdosimetric spectra derived by silicon microdosimeter in a proton radiation field traversing heterogeneous structures were simulated using the GEANT4 toolkit. C1 Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2087, Australia. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Radiat Res Dept, Houston, TX USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Wroe, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2087, Australia. EM ajw16@uow.edu.au; iwan@uow.edu.au; anatoly@uow.edu.au; pisacane@usna.edu; ziegler@aya.yale.edu; nelson@usna.edu; francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov; zaiderm@mskcc.org; diceljo@jhmi.edu RI Rosenfeld, Anatoly/D-1989-2014; OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2591 EP 2596 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860706 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000081 ER PT J AU Nowlin, RN Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE AF Nowlin, RN Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE TI Evaluating TM1019.6 ELDRS screening methods using gated lateral PNP transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE bipolar transistors; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS); hardness assurance; total ionizing dose ID LOW-DOSE-RATE; BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; RATE SENSITIVITY ELDRS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; DEVICES AB The total-dose response of gated lateral PNP transistors is presented for the first time for the various enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS)-related test conditions of Mil-STD 883F Test Method 1019.6. We compare the PNP results to those of NPN transistors from ELDRS test chips manufactured at National Semiconductor Corporation (NSC). These data provide a physical basis for the limitations placed on the TM1019.6 ELDRS tests and confirm the conservative nature of these tests for the NSC ELDRS process. C1 ATK Mission Res, Microelect Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP ATK Mission Res, Microelect Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM nathan.nowlin@atk.com; rpease@rlpresearch.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2609 EP 2615 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860710 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000084 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP AF Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP TI Displacement damage correlation of proton and silicon ion radiation in GaAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE damage correlation; displacement damage; GaAs solar cells; ion irradiation; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); proton irradiation; radiation damage; SRIM ID HIGH-ENERGY PROTON; SOLAR-CELLS; HEAVY-IONS; LOSS NIEL; IRRADIATION; DEVICES AB We present results of displacement damage correlation between 2 MeV protons and 22 MeV silicon ion irradiation damage in p(+)n GaAs solar cells. The radiation induced degradation of the pbotovoltaic response correlates well in terms of displacement damage dose. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@umbc.edu NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2678 EP 2682 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860737 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000094 ER PT J AU Johnsen, S Kelber, A Warrant, EJ Sweeney, AM Widder, EA Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J AF Johnsen, S Kelber, A Warrant, EJ Sweeney, AM Widder, EA Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J TI The color of night: Twilight and nocturnal illumination and its effects on color perception SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Granada, Granada, Spain. RP Johnsen, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM sjohnsen@duke.edu RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013; Kelber, Almut/H-6216-2014 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568; Kelber, Almut/0000-0003-3937-2808 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337600266 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ Bourassa, MA AF Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ Bourassa, MA TI Black sea mixed layer sensitivity to various wind and thermal forcing products on climatological time scales SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; WATER MASS FORMATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SATELLITE DATA AB This study describes atmospheric forcing parameters constructed from different global climatologies, applied to the Black Sea, and investigates the sensitivity of Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations to these products. Significant discussion is devoted to construction of these parameters before using them in the eddy-resolving (approximate to 3.2-km resolution) HYCOM simulations. The main goal is to answer how the model dynamics can be substantially affected by different atmospheric forcing products in the Black Sea. Eight wind forcing products are used: four obtained from observation-based climatologies, including one based on measurements from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite, and the rest formed from operational model products. Thermal forcing parameters, including solar radiation, are formed from two operational models: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Climatologically forced Black Sea HYCOM simulations (without ocean data assimilation) are then performed to assess the accuracy and sensitivity of the model sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface circulation to these wind and thermal forcing products. Results demonstrate that the model-simulated SST structure is quite sensitive to the wind and thermal forcing products, especially near coastal regions. Despite this sensitivity, several robust features are found in the model SST in comparison to a monthly 9.3-km-resolution satellite-based Pathfinder SST climatology. Annual mean HYCOM SST usually agreed to within approximate to +/- 0.2 degrees of the climatology in the interior of the Black Sea for any of the wind and thermal forcing products used. The fine-resolution (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) wind forcing from the scatterometer data along with thermal forcing from NOGAPS gave the best SST simulation with a basin-averaged rms difference value of 1.21 degrees C, especially improving model results near coastal regions. Specifically, atmospherically forced model simulations with no assimilation of any ocean data suggest that the basin-averaged rms SST differences with respect to the Pathfinder SST climatology can vary from 1.21 degrees to 2.15 degrees C depending on the wind and thermal forcing product. The latter rms SST difference value is obtained when using wind forcing from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), a product that has a too-coarse grid resolution of 1.875 degrees x 1.875 degrees for a small ocean basin such as the Black Sea. This paper also highlights the importance of using high-frequency (hybrid) wind forcing as opposed to monthly mean wind forcing in the model simulations. Finally, there are large variations in the annual mean surface circulation simulated using the different wind sets, with general agreement between those forced by the model-based products (vector correlation is usually > 0.7). Three of the observation-based climatologies generally yield unrealistic circulation features and currents that are too weak. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 80 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 24 BP 5266 EP 5293 DI 10.1175/JCLI3573R2.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 005DD UT WOS:000234801900005 ER PT J AU Bahr, GS Dansereau, DF AF Bahr, GS Dansereau, DF TI Bilingual knowledge maps (BiK maps) as a presentation format: Delayed recall and training effects SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE bilingual; knowledge maps and mapping; processing style; strategy; visuo-spatial representations ID LONG-TERM RETENTION; KEYWORD METHOD; LANGUAGE VOCABULARY; ACQUISITION; CONTEXT; MEMORY AB The use of bilingual graphic organizers (bilingual knowledge maps [BiK maps]) as a presentation format was investigated for the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. Participants were assigned to I of 4 conditions for the task of studying 32 German-English word pairs. Participants in each condition were trained on either lists or BiK maps and studied either lists or BiK maps. BiK-map students showed greater recall than list students and reported greater use of breadth-based recall strategies. BiK-trained students expressed less intent to engage in rote-based strategies when studying vocabulary in the future and greater intent to use theme-centered and image processing during general textbook study. C1 US Navy NAVAIR Orlando TSD, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Bahr, GS (reprint author), US Navy NAVAIR Orlando TSD, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM gsbahr@yahoo.com OI Bahr, Gisela Susanne/0000-0001-6299-3587 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0022-0973 J9 J EXP EDUC JI J. Exp. Educ. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.3200/JEXE.73.2.101-118 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 913RR UT WOS:000228171200001 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI On the parameter beta = Re/KC = D-2/nu T SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; CYLINDERS; NUMBERS; FORCES; FLUID; TUBE AB This brief communication is a summary of the facts regarding the universalization in 1976 of a parameter beta to fully nonlinear unsteady separated flows about bluff bodies nearly 125 years after its first appearance in a linearized analysis of unseparated viscous flow with very slow oscillations about a cylindrical rod and sphere by Sir George Gabriel Stokes [1851. On the effect of the internal friction of fluids on the motion of pendulums. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 9(11), 8-106]. The primary purpose of Stokes was to show that "the index offriction" (the kinematic viscosity), in the equations of motion may be deduced from experiments for the vindication of the heuristic reasoning that went into the derivation by Navier [1827. Memoire sur les lois du movement des fluides. Memoires de l'Academie de Sciences 6, 389-416.], Poisson [1831. Nouvelle theorie de l'action capillaire Bachelier, Paris.], de Saint-Venant [1843. Note a joindre un memoire sur la dynamique des fluides. Comptes Rendus 17, 1240-1244.] and Stokes [1845. On the theories of internal friction of fluids in motion. Transactins of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 8, 287-305.] of what are now called the Navier-Stokes equations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sarp@nps.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.fluidstructs.2005.08.007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 989SE UT WOS:000233693300005 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D AF Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D TI Characteristics and contributions of the three major United States toroidal magnetic fusion facilities SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion facilities AB This is Volume 1 of the report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) and submitted in July 2005. The panel was charged to answer the following questions: What are the unique and complementary characteristics of each of the major U.S. fusion facilities? How do the characteristics of each of the three U.S. fusion facilities make the U.S. toroidal research program unique as a whole in the international program? How well do we cooperate with the international community in coordinating research on our major facilities and how have we exploited the special features of U.S. facilities in contributing to international fusion research, in general, and to the ITER design specifically? How do these three facilities contribute to fusion science and the vitality of the U.S. Fusion program? What research opportunities would be lost by shutting down one of the major facilities? C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Dahlburg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Dahl-burg@utopia.nrl.navy.mil RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-8543-y PG 47 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 998UL UT WOS:000234345300001 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D AF Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D TI Requested information provided by the three major United States toroidal magnetic fusion facilities: Report of the 2005 FESAC facilities panel, vol. 2 SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion facilities AB This is Volume 2 of a report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) charged to. review the three major U.S. fusion facilities. The Panel requested input from each of the three major U.S. toroidal magnetic fusion facilities. The request included an invitation to each facility program director to provide a document that addressed in detail the panel charge. This paper consists of the three documents that were received in response to that request. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Dahlburg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jill.Dahlburg@NRL.NAVY.MIL RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-8544-x PG 82 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 998UL UT WOS:000234345300002 ER PT J AU Hoppel, WA Caffrey, PF AF Hoppel, WA Caffrey, PF TI Oxidation of S(IV) in sea-salt aerosol at high pH: Ozone versus aerobic reaction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SULFATE; SO2; MECHANISM; REMOVAL; OCEAN AB The oxidation of dissolved SO2 (as S(IV)) by dissolved O-3 is known to increase rapidly with pH and is generally thought to be the mechanism responsible for the oxidation of S(IV) in sea-salt aerosol at high pH. Recently, Hoppel et al. (2001) have shown that an aerobic reaction studied by Zhang and Millero (1991) increases even more rapidly with pH than O-3 oxidation and exceeds that of O-3 at pH of about 7.5 to 8.5, depending on the ambient SO2 concentrations. At high pH, both of these oxidation mechanisms proceed so rapidly that the actual rate is constrained by both gas-phase and aqueous-phase transport processes. A method of analysis is developed to calculate the transport-limited reaction rates for both of these mechanisms in sea-salt aerosol. Even when the unconstrained O-3-S(IV) rate is faster than the aerobic mechanism, aqueous-phase transport limitations on ozone can slow the constrained O-3-S(IV) rate to the degree that it is slower than the aerobic reaction. In general, the O-3-S(IV) rate is favored over the aerobic mechanism at low SO2 and high O-3 concentrations, whereas the aerobic mechanism is favored at high SO2 concentrations. The analysis indicates that the O-3-S(IV) mechanism is more important in the remote regions where the SO2 concentration can be extremely low. When the SO2 concentration approaches 1 ppb or greater the aerobic mechanism is likely to be more important. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoppel, WA (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. EM peter.caffrey@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D23 AR D23202 DI 10.1029/2005JD006239 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 993EM UT WOS:000233936300005 ER PT J AU Villalobos, G Sanghera, J Miklos, R Kung, F Bayya, S Aggarwal, I AF Villalobos, G Sanghera, J Miklos, R Kung, F Bayya, S Aggarwal, I TI Chromaticity, brightness and aging of silica spray coated zinc sulfide silver phosphor particles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COATINGS AB A spray drying approach was used to coat 15 nm SiO2 continuous films onto ZnS:Ag phosphor particles. The coating was deposited on the particles by simultaneously spraying a slurry consisting of a solution of TEOS and ethanol with the solid phosphor particles into a heated drying column. The cathodoluminescent spectra of silica coated phosphor has CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of X similar to 0.055, Y similar to 0.085, brightness that is 90% of the uncoated phosphor brightness, and improved aging behavior under laboratory testing conditions. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Villalobos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 23 BP 6169 EP 6173 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-3162-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 992HT UT WOS:000233875700017 ER PT J AU Reichenbach, RB Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Rand, R Houston, BH Parpia, JA Craighead, HG AF Reichenbach, RB Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Rand, R Houston, BH Parpia, JA Craighead, HG TI Third-order intermodulation in a micromechanical thermal mixer SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bandpass filter; Duffing oscillator; intermediate frequency; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); mixer; non-linear oscillations; radio frequency (RF); thermal mechanical coupling; third-order intermodulation distortion (IM3) ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; OSCILLATOR; RESONATOR AB A radio frequency (RF) micromechanical shell-type resonator with a resistive thermal actuator is shown to perform as a highly linear, broadband mixer and a high-quality factor post-translation (intermediate frequency) filter. The resistor is capable of frequency translation of RF carrier signals as high as 1.5 GHz to the intermediate frequency of 12.7 MHz. The thermal actuator allows electrical isolation between the input and output of the mixerfilter, dc bias independent mixing, and provides a 50-Ohm load to match the output of front-end electronics. High linearity is demonstrated in the mixer with a third-order input intercept point of +30 dBm for interferers spaced at a 50-kHz offset from the carrier frequency. A variant of the Duffing oscillator model and finite element modeling are used to analyze the origin of nonlinearities in the micromechanical system. C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reichenbach, RB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rbr9@cornell.edu RI rand, richard/O-6351-2016 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1244 EP 1252 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.859080 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 993KM UT WOS:000233953000004 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI Provincial power and absolute monarchy: The estates general of Burgundy, 1661-1790. SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1098 EP 1100 DI 10.1086/499862 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 985OY UT WOS:000233388900034 ER PT J AU Eudell-Simmons, EM Stein, MB DeFife, JA Hilsenroth, MJ AF Eudell-Simmons, EM Stein, MB DeFife, JA Hilsenroth, MJ TI Reliability and validity of the social cognition and object relations scale (SCORS) in the assessment of dream narratives SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID SLEEP DISTURBANCE; PERSONALITY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; REPRESENTATIONS; DISORDERS; TRAUMA; ANXIETY; PTSD; MOOD AB In this study, we aimed to investigate the application of an externally rated measure of interpersonal representations (Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale [SCORS]; Westen, 1995) to dream narratives. A total of 80 student participants enrolled at a private university in the New York City metropolitan area completed a Dream Log and affect adjective checklist (Wellman, 2002) based on a recalled dream at both 1 month and 3 months following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Using the dreams provided in this study we examined the interrater reliability of SCORS ratings, the relationship of SCORS variables to an independently rated measure of dream distortion, and the relationship of SCORS variables to participants' own ratings of dream affect. Results indicated that dreams were reliably rated using the SCORS, 3 cognitive SCORS variables were significantly related to dream distortion, and affective SCORS variables were meaningfully related to participants' own ratings of affect in their dreams. Findings from this study provide support for the application of SCORS ratings to dream narratives. We discuss implications for further research and clinical application. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Adelphi Univ, Derner Inst Adv Psychol Studies, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. RP Eudell-Simmons, EM (reprint author), USN Hosp, PSC 482,Box 2944, FPO, AP 96342 USA. EM simmonsem@oki10.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0022-3891 J9 J PERS ASSESS JI J. Pers. Assess. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1207/s15327752jpa8503_09 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 986SL UT WOS:000233469900009 PM 16318572 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Rivera-Alsina, ME McNamara, MF AF Haas, DM Rivera-Alsina, ME McNamara, MF TI Maternal mortality in the US Department of Defense, 1993-1998 SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; military personnel; embolism ID PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Department of Defense medical facilities from 1993 to 1998. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review of birth data from military medical facilities using the Standard Inpatient Data Records from 1993 through 1998. The total number of live births and dispositions due to maternal death were obtained. RESULTS: Twenty-two maternal deaths occurred in the study time out of 398,107 live births,for an MMR of 5.5 per 100,000 live births. The ratios for the service branches Were: Army 7.0, Navy 5.3 and Air Force 3.6. The leading cause of death was embolic disease. CONCLUSION: The military MMR is closer to the Healthy People 2010 goal of 3.3 than is the national ratio, 13.2. Improved reporting of cases, patient education and treating high-risk conditions may help further decrease pregnancy-related mortality. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wishard Mem Hosp, 1001 W 10th St,F-5, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM haasdt@pol.net NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 12 BP 951 EP 953 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 996PC UT WOS:000234185400008 PM 16444897 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, S Davey, RB Kline, DL AF Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, S Davey, RB Kline, DL TI Comparison of carbon dioxide- and octenol-baited encephalitis virus surveillance mosquito traps at the Shoal Water Bay Training area, Queensland, Australia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE octenol; US military; Ross River virus; Australia; ochlerotatus vigilax ID 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; LIGHT AB The use of octenol in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2)-baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) mosquito traps was evaluated under Simulated wartime operational conditions during Operation Tandem Thrust (TT01) at the Shoalwater Bay Training area, Queensland, Australia in 2001. A greater number of mosquito species were Captured in traps baited with octenol plus CO2 than those baited with CO2 or octenol in the saltwater marsh, Freshwater Beach. In the inland environments of Camp Growl and Raspberry Creek, the addition of octenol did not significantly increase the numbers of Mosquito species captured. Trap treatment (octenol only, CO2 only, or octenol plus CO2) influenced the species captured at Freshwater Beach. More Ochlerotatus vigilax, Mansonia uniformis, and Coquillettidia xanthogaster were captured in traps baited with octenol plus CO2, and more Anopheles were captured in traps baited With CO2 only. The most commonly Captured (83%) mosquito species in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area during TT01 was the salt marsh breeder and Ross River virus vector, Oc. vigilax. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USN, Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)21[497:COCDAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WR UT WOS:000234573900031 PM 16506585 ER PT J AU Bi, Y Chen, L Wu, C AF Bi, Y Chen, L Wu, C TI Heat source performance for solar-ground source heat pump SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE solar energy; ground source; heat pump; feasibility AB The solar and ground source performance for solar-ground source heat pump in Tianjin, China in winter was studied in the present paper. The results were used for the design and analysis of solar energy collector and ground heat exchanger. The feasibility of using solar-ground source heat pump in the district was provided. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Beijing Polytech Univ, Inst Civil & Architectural Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 78 IS 4 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1179/174602205X68333 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 989YK UT WOS:000233709900003 ER PT J AU Lepkowicz, RS Cirloganu, CM Fu, J Przhonska, OV Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD AF Lepkowicz, RS Cirloganu, CM Fu, J Przhonska, OV Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD TI Femtosecond-to-nanosecond nonlinear spectroscopy of polymethine molecules SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORBERS; SQUARYLIUM MOLECULES; TRANSIENT REGIME; DYES; DYNAMICS; CARBOCYANINES; RELAXATION; ANISOTROPY; REFRACTION AB The linear and nonlinear optical properties of a series of polymethine molecules are investigated to study the effects of molecular structure and the host environment on overall nonlinear absorption performance. The linear characterization includes measuring the solvatochromic shifts between absorption and fluorescence peaks and studying the excited-state orientational diffusion kinetics. The nonlinear characterization involves measuring the excited-state absorption spectra with a femtosecond white-light-continuum pump-probe technique and performing Z scans and nonlinear transmission measurements from the picosecond to the nanosecond time regimes. The results of these experiments allow us to develop an energy-level structure for the polymethines, which accurately predicts nonlinear absorption properties from the picosecond to the nanosecond time regimes. From this model we are able to identify the key molecular parameters for improved nonlinear absorption. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Cent Florida, Florida Photon Ctr Excellence, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, UA-03094 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Fu, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfu@mail.ucf.edu; hagan@creol.ucf.edu RI Hagan, David/H-2204-2011 OI Hagan, David/0000-0003-2713-1767 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2664 EP 2685 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.002664 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA 992ZO UT WOS:000233922700018 ER PT J AU Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF AF Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF TI Flash x-ray observations of cavitation in cadaver thighs caused by high-velocity bullets SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE cavitation; bullet; cadaver; radiography ID ASSAULT RIFLE; TISSUE; BALLISTICS; INJURY AB Background: The purpose of this study was to record flash x-ray images of cavitation in human cadaver thighs caused by the passage of high-velocity bullets. The images are an initial step for understanding the cavitation process in human tissue and for implementing a better definition of extensive tissue injury. Methods: Bullets were fired through the mid-thighs of 13 cadaver legs. The bullets were of two calibers, 7.62-mm full metal jacket boat tail with strike velocities in the range of 794 m/s to 880 m/s (10 thighs) and 5.70 mm full metal jacket with velocities in the range of 973 m/s to 992 m/s (3 thighs). Short duration (35 ns) x-ray images were recorded at various selected times after the bullets passed near the femurs. This study was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology under approved human subject protocols. Results: The cavity sizes and shapes were observed for the two types of bullets and at a number of times during the expansion and collapse of the cavities. As the bullets passed through the thighs, narrow cavities behind the bullets were observed. At later times, large expanded cavities were observed that encompassed the entire mid-thigh region. The observed cavities are at variance with those which were reported previously in gelatin tissue simulants. Conclusion: Flash x-ray radiography is an effective technique for the observation of internal cavitation in cadaver thighs caused by high-velocity bullets. These observations suggest that gelatin is not a proven simulant for human cadaver tissue in the study of cavitation subsequent to high-velocity missile impact. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PRAXIS Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. SF A Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nr.navy.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1468 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000195526.27014.c5 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 001DP UT WOS:000234514100041 PM 16394923 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Albert, PS Wilder, RB Gant, DA McLeod, DG Poggi, MM AF Brooks, JP Albert, PS Wilder, RB Gant, DA McLeod, DG Poggi, MM TI Long-term salvage radiotherapy outcome after radical prostatectomy and relapse predictors SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; radiation; prostatectomy; salvage therapy ID LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION; CLINICAL FAILURES; RADIATION-THERAPY; CANCER; ANTIGEN; PSA; DISEASE; PROGRESSION; ELEVATION; ADJUVANT AB Purpose: We assessed the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) and analyzed predictors of biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and distant metastasis-free survival in patients with clinically localized disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: The records of 114 patients treated with SRT at 2 institutions between 1991 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Time to biochemical recurrence and to distant metastases was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimation. Candidate predictors of bPFS and distant metastasis-free survival were analyzed using the log rank test and Cox regression. Acute and late complications were scored using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria. Results: At a median followup of 6.3 years (range 1.9 to 13.3) for SRT 4 and 6-year bPFS was 50% (95% CI 42% to 61%) and 33% (95% CI 24% to 43%), respectively. The 6-year actuarial probability of distant metastases after SRT was 14%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an independent association of increasing Gleason score, lymphovascular invasion and lack of a complete response to SRT with decreased 5-year bDFS. These factors were associated with significantly less 5-year distant metastasis-free survival. Pre-RT prostate specific antigen greater than 2.0 ng/ml was associated with significantly decreased 5-year bDFS and distant metastasis-free survival, although it was not maintained on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: SRT results in durable prostate specific antigen control in select patients. It is well tolerated with few severe late effects. Increasing Gleason score, lymphovascular invasion and lack of a complete response to SRT are significant risks for disease progression requiring additional management. C1 USN, Div Radiat Oncol, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Sect Radiat Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Poggi, MM (reprint author), USN, Div Radiat Oncol, Natl Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM mmpoggi@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 174 IS 6 BP 2204 EP 2208 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000181223.99576.ff PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 984HN UT WOS:000233293700033 PM 16280764 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Axente, E Socol, G Moldovan, A Mihaiescu, D Stamatin, I Buruiana, T Jelinek, M Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Axente, E Socol, G Moldovan, A Mihaiescu, D Stamatin, I Buruiana, T Jelinek, M Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation of azopolyurethane thin films SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We report new successful results concerning matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation of thin films and target modification as a function by laser processing of azopolyurethane targets. Films were deposited with a KrF* (lambda = 248 nm, tau(FWHM) = 20 ns) excimer laser source on double-sided polished (100) Si wafers. They have been characterized by FTIR and AFM. We succeeded in depositing thin films highly adherent to the substrate and having a chemical content close to that of the target. The inner structure of the films strongly depends on the incident laser fluence. We determined an obvious interdependence between the properties of the deposited thin films and the deposition experimental parameters. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Nano SAE Res Ctr, Bucharest 077125, Romania. Petru Poni Inst Macromol Chem, R-6600 Iasi, Romania. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica.cristescu@inflpr.ro; danmih@go.ro; istarom@polymer.fizica.unibuc.ro; tbur@mail.icmpp.ro; jelinek@fzu.cz; douglas.chrisey@nrl.navy.mil RI Socol, Gabriel/A-5405-2011; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; AXENTE, Emanuel/C-4812-2011; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014 OI Socol, Gabriel/0000-0002-1992-7346; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117; AXENTE, Emanuel/0000-0003-1946-5863; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1686 EP 1690 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 998ML UT WOS:000234322800013 ER PT J AU England, LJ Tan, MH Shumaker, PR Egbert, BM Pittelko, K Orentreich, D Pope, K AF England, LJ Tan, MH Shumaker, PR Egbert, BM Pittelko, K Orentreich, D Pope, K TI Effects of monopolar radiofrequency treatment over soft-tissue fillers in an animal model SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE collagen; laxity; non-ablative; RF; skin tightening; ThermaCool; Thermage ID NONABLATIVE RADIOFREQUENCY; INJECTABLE SILICONE; BOVINE COLLAGEN; HYALURONIC-ACID; AUGMENTATION; INJECTION; FACE; HYDROXYLAPATITE; PERSISTENCE; HISTOLOGY AB Background and Objectives: Monopolar radiofrequency (RF) treatment is used by physicians to tighten and contour the skin of their patients. In many cases, patients have received prior treatment with other aesthetic modalities such as soft-tissue augmentation or they may wish to receive these treatment modalities simultaneously. Together, soft-tissue augmentation and monopolar RF treatment have the potential to restore tissue volume and improve facial laxity. To date, no published studies have documented the effects of RF treatment directly over soft-tissue fillers. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We examined the tissue interactions of monopolar RF heating with five commonly injected fillers in a juvenile pig model. This is the first part of a two-part study. In this study, the interaction of monopolar RF and filler substances was examined over a period of 4 months. The five soft-tissue fillers examined were cross-linked human collagen (Cosmoplast (TM)), hyaluronic acid (Restylane (R)), calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse (TM)), polylactic acid (Sculptra (TM)), and liquid injectable silicone (Silikon (TM) 1000). Results: There was no apparent increase in the risk of local burns and no observable effect of RF treatment on filler persistence in the tissue. With monopolar RF treatment, an increase in fibroplasia and collagen deposition surrounding Restylane, Radiesse, and Sculptra was observed. When scored in a blinded fashion, the increase in collagen deposition was statistically significant for Radiesse. Conclusions: In this animal study, RF treatment had no observed adverse effect on filler collagen responses or persistence. Filler presence did not increase the risk of undesirable thermal effects with monopolar RF treatment. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate the effect of monopolar RF treatment over dermal fillers with respect to aesthetic outcome. C1 Thermage Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. Orentreich Med Grp, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94394 USA. RP Pope, K (reprint author), Thermage Inc, 25881 Ind Blvd, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. EM kpope@thermage.com NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 356 EP 365 DI 10.1002/lsm.20253 PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 000CR UT WOS:000234439000004 PM 16240419 ER PT J AU Davis, M Markus, KA Walters, SB Vorus, N Connors, B AF Davis, M Markus, KA Walters, SB Vorus, N Connors, B TI Behavioral cues to deception vs. topic incriminating potential in criminal confessions SO LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE deception; nonverbal communication; criminal confessions; stress ID NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR; DETECTING DECEIT; HAND MOVEMENTS; SUSPECTS; LIARS; VOICE; LIES AB Coding statements of criminal suspects facilitated tests of four hypotheses about differences between behavioral cues to deception and the incriminating potential (IP) of the topic. Information from criminal investigations corroborated the veracity of 337 brief utterances from 28 videotaped confessions. A four-point rating of topic IP measured the degree of potential threat per utterance. Cues discriminating true vs. false comprised word/phrase repeats, speech disfluency spikes, nonverbal overdone, and protracted headshaking. Non-lexical sounds discriminated true vs. false in the reverse direction. Cues that distinguished IP only comprised speech speed, gesticulation amount, nonverbal animation level, soft weak vocal and "I (or we) just" qualifier. Adding "I don't know" to an answer discriminated both IP and true vs. false. The results supported hypothesis about differentiating deception cues from incriminating potential cues in high-stakes interviews, and suggested that extensive research on distinctions between stress-related cues and cues to deception would improve deception detection. C1 CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10019 USA. Stan B Walters Associates Inc, Versailles, KY USA. USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Psychol, 445 W 59th St, New York, NY 10019 USA. EM marthadavisr@mac.com NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-7307 J9 LAW HUMAN BEHAV JI Law Hum. Behav. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 683 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s10979-005-7370-z PG 22 WC Law; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 998DQ UT WOS:000234299200004 PM 16382356 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Geer, IW Mills, EW Moran, JM Weinbeck, RS AF Smith, DR Geer, IW Mills, EW Moran, JM Weinbeck, RS TI The Maury project, DataStreme ocean, and online ocean studies: AMS initiatives in ocean science education SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The education program of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) has developed 1 and nationally implemented two unique pre-college teacher enhancement programs on the ocean sciences, the Maury Project and DataStreme Ocean. In addition, the AMS has employed the successful DataStreme model to make available to colleges and universities an undergraduate distance-learning course on the fundamentals of oceanography, Online Ocean Studies. The Maury Project, established in 1994, is a partnership with the U.S. Naval Academy and State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, with significant support from the U.S. Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The Maury Project trains and equips pre-college teachers to be peer trainers on the physical foundations of selected oceanographic topics. They are initially trained in a two-week workshop hosted by the U.S. Naval Academy. Subsequently, participating teachers present training sessions for other teachers with materials prepared by the Project. To date, approximately 300 educators have attended the workshop and tens of thousands of teachers have been peer trained. In 2003, with the goal of reaching a larger audience of pre-college teachers, the AMS in partnership with NOAA and SUNY Brockport initiated DataStreme Ocean. DataStreme Ocean is a semester-long distance-learning course on the basic understandings of oceanography and partially delivered via the Internet. Maury Project alumni work with local university and government laboratory scientists to mentor DataStreme Ocean participants. By fall 2005, over 600 teachers had been enrolled in DataStreme Ocean. Online Ocean Studies is a distance-learning introductory college-level course on the basic understandings of oceanography developed by the AMS in cooperation with NOAA. This semester-length course explores the ocean in the Earth system via investigations keyed to near real-time environmental data derived from ocean and coastal observing systems. Online Ocean Studies is a turnkey package (Web site, customized textbook, investigations manual, and secure faculty Web page) licensed from AMS and adaptable to both traditional lecture/laboratory and totally online local instruction. The AMS piloted Online Ocean Studies during spring 2005 with eleven participating colleges and universities. National implementation took place in fall 2005. Recently, the AMS embarked on a National Science Foundation-funded initiative to facilitate adoption of Online Ocean Studies by minority-serving institutions. The goal is to spur minority student interest in the geosciences. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM drsmith@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 64 EP 70 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 027ZA UT WOS:000236453700011 ER PT J AU Sullivan, D Murphree, T Ford, B Zande, J AF Sullivan, D Murphree, T Ford, B Zande, J TI OceanCareers.com: Navigating your way to a better future SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The ocean attracts and inspires thousands of students to pursue degrees in science, engineering, and technology, Yet, in spite of: all the,attention, paid to the oceans,, students often lack the information needed to make wise decisions about choosing art,., career. The Center for Ocean Science Education Excellence,- California, (COSEE California) and the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center(2) have responded to this problem by developing a user-friendly interactive Web site on ocean careers (www.OceanCareers.com). C1 Monterey Peninsula Coll, COSEE Calif, Marine Adv Technol Educ Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Sullivan, D (reprint author), Monterey Peninsula Coll, COSEE Calif, Marine Adv Technol Educ Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. EM deidres@marinetech.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 027ZA UT WOS:000236453700017 ER PT J AU Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB AF Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB TI A collective motion algorithm for tracking time-dependent boundaries SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE SWARMS; collective motion; agents; control; nonlinear dynamics ID AGGREGATION AB We present a numerical method that allows a formation of communicating agents to target the boundary of a time-dependent concentration by following a time-dependent concentration gradient. The algorithm motivated by [3,l], allows the agents to move in space in a non-stationary environment. Our method is applicable to finding the boundary of any regular surface and may be of interest for studying motions of swarms in biology, as well as to engineering applications where boundary detection is an issue. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schwartz@nls4.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 4 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2005.07.001 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 992GY UT WOS:000233873600001 ER PT J AU Lesley, A Theodore, N Pritchard, P Shultz, K AF Lesley, A Theodore, N Pritchard, P Shultz, K TI Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis in the active duty population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UPPER-LIMB AB In an active duty population charged with handling weapons and heavy equipment, hyperhidrosis is a dangerous affliction. Surgical correction of hyperhidrosis is possible by transection of the thoracic sympathetic chain. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy should yield results similar to those of a standard open thoracotomy approach but with decreased recovery times, a more rapid return to duty, and improved job performance. Three active duty patients presented to the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, for evaluation of palmar hyperhidrosis. All patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. They tolerated the procedure well without complications and were satisfied with their outcomes. They reported no further episodes of hyperhidrosis and have returned to full duty. This procedure is especially relevant for patients in the active duty population, whose job safety is affected by hyperhidrosis. Those treated can expect to return to full duty in a timely manner. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA USA. St Josephs Hosp, Div Neurol Surg, Barrow Neurol Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Lesley, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA USA. OI Theodore, Nicholas/0000-0001-5355-2683 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1016 EP 1018 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200007 PM 16491938 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Grillo, M Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Grillo, M Wallace, MR TI HIV care in the US Navy: A multidisciplinary approach SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; AIDS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; DISEASE; COHORT; PERSONNEL; THERAPY; PROGRAM AB We provide a review of the medical care provided to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive service members in the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. An overview of the history of HIV and its impact on the U.S. Navy is presented. We also explain the policies of mandatory HIV testing within the U.S. Navy and the evaluation process for those found to have HIV infection. We specifically describe the multidisciplinary HIV medical care provided at Naval Medical Center San Diego, which is one of three HIV specialty clinics within the U.S. Navy. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, US Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1025 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200008 PM 16491939 ER PT J AU Li, B Hou, YT Liu, JC Nguyen, GD Znati, TF AF Li, B Hou, YT Liu, JC Nguyen, GD Znati, TF TI Editorial: Energy constraints and lifetime performance in wireless sensor networks SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, ATM IP Cooperat Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Fujitsu Labs Amer, IP Networking Res Dept, Sunnyvale, CA USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, ATM IP Cooperat Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM bli@cs.ust.hk; thou@vt.edu; csljc@ieee.org; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; znati@cs.pitt.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 10 IS 6 BP 807 EP 809 DI 10.1007/s11036-005-4439-3 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 999NQ UT WOS:000234396700001 ER PT J AU Stanlake, C AF Stanlake, C TI JudyLee Oliva's The 'Fire and the Rose' and the modeling of platial theories in Native American dramaturgy SO MODERN DRAMA LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Navy Theatre, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stanlake, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Navy Theatre, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0026-7694 J9 MOD DRAMA JI Mod. Drama PD WIN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 819 EP 841 PG 23 WC Theater SC Theater GA 013UZ UT WOS:000235436800011 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Perkins, FK AF Snow, ES Perkins, FK TI Capacitance and conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of chemical vapors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; TRANSISTORS; NETWORKS AB Simultaneous conductance and capacitance measurements on a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network are used to extract an intrinsic property of molecular adsorbates. Adsorbates from dilute chemical vapors produce a rapid response in both the capacitance and the conductance of the SWNT network. These responses are caused by a combination of two distinct physiochemical properties of the adsorbates: charge transfer and polarizability. We find that the ratio of the conductance response to the capacitance response is a concentration-independent intrinsic property of a chemical vapor that can assist in its identification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2414 EP 2417 DI 10.1021/nl051669c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000014 PM 16351188 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, H Wilkinson, J Long, JP Bussman, K Christodoulides, JA Kafafi, ZH AF Yamamoto, H Wilkinson, J Long, JP Bussman, K Christodoulides, JA Kafafi, ZH TI Nanoscale organic light-emitting diodes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYPARAPHENYLENEVINYLENE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA AB This study reports the fabrication and characterization of nanoscale organic light-emitting diodes (nano-OLEDs) based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV). The nano-OLEDs were fabricated by spin casting MEH-PPV into cylindrical nanoholes lithographically patterned into silicon nitride. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of MEH-PPV was similar to its photoluminescence spectrum, confirming radiative decay from the same excited state. Device characteristics in the form of current density and EL versus applied electric field are presented and compared with those of a large-scale OLED. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2485 EP 2488 DI 10.1021/nl051811+ PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000026 PM 16351200 ER PT J AU Seely, JE Kjornrattanawanich, B Holland, GE Korde, R AF Seely, JE Kjornrattanawanich, B Holland, GE Korde, R TI Response of a SiC photodiode to extreme ultraviolet through visible radiation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; UV PHOTODIODES AB The responsivity of a type 6H-SiC photodiode in the 1.5-400 nm wavelength range was measured using synchrotron radiation. The responsivity was 0.20 A/W at 270 nm and was less than 0.10 A/W in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region. The responsivity was calculated using a proven optical model that accounted for the reflection and absorption of the incident radiation and the variation of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) with depth into the device. The CCE was determined from the responsivity measured in the 200-400 nm wavelength range. By use of this CCE and the effective pair creation energy (7.2 eV) determined from x-ray absorption measurements, the EUV responsivity was accurately modeled with no free parameters. The measured visible-light sensitivity, although low compared with that of a silicon photodiode, was surprisingly high for this wide bandgap semiconductor. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Int Radiat Detectors Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Seely, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3120 EP 3122 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003120 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300002 PM 16342695 ER PT J AU Windt, DL Seely, JF Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, YA AF Windt, DL Seely, JF Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, YA TI Terbium-based extreme ultraviolet multilayers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REFLECTION; SCANDIUM; FILMS AB Received July 20, 2005; revised manuscript received August 12, 2005; accepted August 16, 2005 We have fabricated periodic multilayers that comprise either Si/Tb or SiC/Tb bilayers, designed to operate as narrowband reflective coatings near 60 nm wavelength in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). We find peak reflectance values in excess of 20% near normal incidence. The spectral bandpass of the best Si/Tb multilayer was measured to be 6.5 nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM), while SiC/Tb multilayers have a more broad response, of order 9.4 nm FWHM. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of Si/Tb multilayers reveals polycrystalline Tb layers, amorphous Si layers, and relatively large asymmetric amorphous interlayers. Thermal annealing experiments indicate excellent stability to 100 degrees C (I h) for Si/Tb. These new multilayer coatings have the potential for use in normal incidence instrumentation in a region of the EUV where efficient narrowband multilayers have not been available until now. In particular, reflective Si/Tb multilayers can be used for solar physics applications where the coatings can be tuned to important emission lines such as 0 V near 63.0 nm and Mg X near 61.0 nm. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Windt, DL (reprint author), Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM windt@astro.columbia.edu RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3186 EP 3188 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003186 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300024 PM 16342715 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA AF Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA TI Case studies in pediatric toxicology SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; RATTLESNAKE ENVENOMATIONS; SNAKE ENVENOMATION; PORCINE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; ASSOCIATION; FAILURE; NITRITE C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. USN Med Corps, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, 34-800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. EM dtanen@yahoo.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 12 BP 973 EP + PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 992SE UT WOS:000233903400009 PM 16419735 ER PT J AU Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Fisher, D AF Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Fisher, D TI New direct evidence of point defects interacting with dislocations and grain boundaries in diamond SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; MICROSCOPY AB The correlation of TEM imaging and micro-photoluminescence studies of electron irradiated areas of diamond, developed in Bristol, has been extended to new optical centres and defects. In this paper, we show new evidence of the interaction of point defects with dislocations and grain boundaries in diamond. Optical centres at 518.6 and 518.8 nm are directly correlated with dislocations and an optical centre at 519.1 nm was correlated with a grain boundary. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. DTC Res Ctr, Maidenhead SL6 6JW, Berks, England. RP Steeds, JW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM J.W.Steeds@bristol.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 202 IS 15 BP 2943 EP 2949 DI 10.1002/pssa.200521097 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 000BH UT WOS:000234435400014 ER PT J AU Ruostekoski, J Dutton, Z AF Ruostekoski, J Dutton, Z TI Engineering vortex rings and systems for controlled studies of vortex interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; DARK SOLITONS; PHASE SINGULARITIES; SUPERFLUID FILMS; GROUP-VELOCITY; LIGHT-PULSES; ATOMIC VAPOR; VORTICES; SCATTERING; GASES AB We study controlled methods of preparing vortex configurations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and their use in the studies of fundamental vortex scattering, reconnection processes, and superfluid sound emission. We explore techniques of imprinting vortex rings by means of coherently driving internal atomic transitions with electromagnetic fields which exhibit singular phase profiles. In particular, we show that a vortex ring can be prepared by two focused co-propagating Gaussian laser beams. More complex vortex systems may also be imprinted by directly superposing simpler field configurations or by programming their phase profiles on optical holograms. We analyze specific examples of two merging vortex rings in a trapped two-species Rb-87 gas. We calculate the radiated sound energy in the reconnection process and show that the vortex relaxation and the redistribution of sound energy can be controlled by the imprinting process. As another creation technique, we study engineering pairs of two-dimensional point vortices in the condensates using a 'light roadblock' in ultraslow light propagation. We show how this can be used to study vortex collisions in compressible superfluids and how these collisions result in energy dissipation via phonons and, sometimes, annihilation of vortex pairs. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011 OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462 NR 68 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 063626 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.063626 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900129 ER PT J AU Lawler, HM Areshkin, D Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Lawler, HM Areshkin, D Mintmire, JW White, CT TI Radial-breathing mode frequencies for single-walled carbon nanotubes of arbitrary chirality: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE GRAPHITIC TUBULES; RAMAN AB First-principles calculations are performed for the radial-breathing mode of all 105 single-walled carbon nanotubes within the rolling-geometry diameter range of 0.4 to 1.4 nm. The diameter dependence of the frequencies is analyzed in some detail, and compared with measurable parameters of bulk graphite. The frequencies are compared with those available from other first-principles work, and experimental studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Lawler, HM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 23 AR 233403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.233403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RE UT WOS:000234336000023 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Kaminski, K Psurek, T Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Kaminski, K Psurek, T Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Roland, CM TI Effect of glass structure on the dynamics of the secondary relaxation in diisobutyl and diisoctyl phthalates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BETA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PRESSURE; FORMERS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB The beta relaxation is a principal source of information about the dynamics in the glassy state; however, the nature of this process remains a controversial issue. In this paper, we show that properties of the beta relaxation measured below T-g are sensitive to the structure of the glass; that is, the thermodynamic path from the equilibrium liquid strongly affects the beta relaxation times, their distribution, and the activation energy quantifying their temperature dependence. These results support the idea that the Johari-Goldstein beta process is the precursor to the structural relaxation transpiring at longer times. We discuss the experimental findings in light of the heterogeneous and homogeneous scenarios for the beta process. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600026 ER PT J AU Qazilbash, MM Koitzsch, A Dennis, BS Gozar, A Balci, H Kendziora, CA Greene, RL Blumberg, G AF Qazilbash, MM Koitzsch, A Dennis, BS Gozar, A Balci, H Kendziora, CA Greene, RL Blumberg, G TI Evolution of superconductivity in electron-doped cuprates: Magneto-Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; PR2-XCEXCUO4-Y THIN-FILMS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAP EXCITATIONS; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; PAIRING SYMMETRY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The electron-doped cuprates Pr2-xCexCuO4-delta and Nd2-xCexCuO4-delta have been studied by electronic Raman spectroscopy across the entire region of the superconducting (SC) phase diagram. The SC pairing strength is found to be consistent with a weak-coupling regime except in the underdoped region where we observe an in-gap collective mode at 4.5k(B)T(c) while the maximum amplitude of the SC gap is approximate to 8k(B)T(c). In the normal state, doped carriers divide into coherent quasiparticles (QPs) and carriers that remain incoherent. The coherent QPs mainly reside in the vicinity of (+/-pi/2a, +/-pi/2a) regions of the Brillouin zone (BZ). We find that only coherent QPs contribute to the superfluid density in the B-2g channel. The persistence of SC coherence peaks in the B-2g channel for all dopings implies that superconductivity is mainly governed by interactions between the holelike coherent QPs in the vicinity of (+/-pi/2a, +/-pi/2a) regions of the BZ. We establish that superconductivity in the electron-doped cuprates occurs primarily due to pairing and condensation of holelike carriers. We have also studied the excitations across the SC gap by Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) for several different cerium dopings (x). Effective upper critical field lines H-c2(*)(T,x) at which the superfluid stiffness vanishes and H-c2(2 Delta)(T,x) at which the SC gap amplitude is suppressed by fields have been determined; H-c2(2 Delta)(T,x) is larger than H-c2(*)(T,x) for all doping concentrations. The difference between the two quantities suggests the presence of phase fluctuations that increase for x less than or similar to 0.15. It is found that the magnetic field suppresses the magnitude of the SC gap linearly at surprisingly small fields. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. ISSMR, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM girsh@bell-labs.com NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214510 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400118 ER PT J AU Tse, WK Fabian, J Zutic, I Das Sarma, S AF Tse, WK Fabian, J Zutic, I Das Sarma, S TI Spin accumulation in the extrinsic spin Hall effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB The drift-diffusion formalism for spin-polarized carrier transport in semiconductors is generalized to include spin-orbit coupling. The theory is applied to treat the extrinsic spin Hall effect using realistic boundary conditions. It is shown that carrier and spin-diffusion lengths are modified by the presence of spin-orbit coupling and that spin accumulation due to the extrinsic spin Hall effect is strongly and qualitatively influenced by boundary conditions. Analytical formulas for the spin-dependent carrier recombination rates and inhomogeneous spin densities and currents are presented. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Tse, Wang-Kong/G-4639-2011; Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013; Tse, Wang-Kong/L-6161-2013; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 241303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.241303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900004 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Mohr, WH Vanhoy, JR Riley, MA Aguilar, A Teal, C Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Zhu, S Kondev, FG Djongolov, MK Danchev, M Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK Ma, WC Odegard, SW AF Hartley, DJ Mohr, WH Vanhoy, JR Riley, MA Aguilar, A Teal, C Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Zhu, S Kondev, FG Djongolov, MK Danchev, M Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK Ma, WC Odegard, SW TI Detailed high-spin spectroscopy and the search for the wobbling mode in Ta-171 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; COINCIDENCE DATA; BAND; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES; STATES; TRANSITIONS AB High-spin states in Ta-171 were populated in the Sn-124(V-51,4n) reaction at 228 MeV to search for evidence of stable triaxial deformation. Identification of a wobbling sequence based on the previously known pi i(13/2) structure would provide a unique signature for this rarely observed shape. No such sequence was identified in these data, which suggests that the island of triaxial strongly deformed bands may be smaller than once thought. However, over 200 new transitions and two new bands were placed in the level scheme and the sequence based on the pi i(13/2) orbital could be observed up to spin and parity I-pi=(101/2(+)). The relative excitations of all the sequences were determined and the ground state of Ta-171 was found to have 5/2(+) quantum numbers, contrary to previous reports. All of the previously known structures were extended to much higher spin and their high-frequency band crossings are interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064325 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400038 ER PT J AU Pipidis, A Riley, MA Simpson, J Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Appelbe, DE Bagshaw, AP Bentley, MA Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Cullen, DM Campbell, DB Dagnall, PJ Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Lagergren, K Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lisle, JC Nisius, D Shepherd, SL Smith, AG Tormanen, S Ragnarsson, I AF Pipidis, A Riley, MA Simpson, J Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Appelbe, DE Bagshaw, AP Bentley, MA Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Cullen, DM Campbell, DB Dagnall, PJ Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Lagergren, K Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lisle, JC Nisius, D Shepherd, SL Smith, AG Tormanen, S Ragnarsson, I TI Structural behavior of Dy-157,Dy-158,Dy-159 in the I=30-50h spin regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; YRAST BAND SPECTROSCOPY; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL BANDS; TERMINATING STRUCTURES; GE DETECTORS; LINE; CROSSINGS; DY-156; ER-158 AB Significant extensions to the high-spin excitation spectrum of the N = 91, 92, 93 isotopes Dy-157,Dy-158,Dy-159 have been achieved using the high-efficiency gamma-ray spectrometers Euroball and Gammasphere. These nuclei were populated via weak 3n or alpha xn exit channels in fusion evaporation reactions. In Dy-157, the yrast band has been extended to I-pi = (2)/(101+) (tentatively to (2)/(105+)) with four sideband structures (two of which are new) observed in the 35-50h spin range. In Dy-158, three bands have been extended to 42(+)(44(+)),40(-), and 41(-)(43(-)), whereas in Dy-159 the yrast band is observed to (2)/(81+) ((2)/(85+)). The high-spin behavior and band crossing systematics of the Dy isotopes and of the neighboring N = 91, 92, and 93 isotones are discussed in terms of rotational alignments and shape transitions. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations without pairing have been performed for detailed comparisons with the very high-spin states observed in Dy-157. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Keele, Dept Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Pipidis, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064307 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400021 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Shaw, LB Cummings, DAT Billings, L McCrary, M Burke, DS AF Schwartz, IB Shaw, LB Cummings, DAT Billings, L McCrary, M Burke, DS TI Chaotic desynchronization of multistrain diseases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DENGUE VIRUS; MODELS; SYNCHRONY; STRAINS; PATTERN AB Multistrain diseases are diseases that consist of several strains, or serotypes. The serotypes may interact by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which infection with a single serotype is asymptomatic, but infection with a second serotype leads to serious illness accompanied by greater infectivity. It has been observed from serotype data of dengue hemorrhagic fever that outbreaks of the four serotypes occur asynchronously. Both autonomous and seasonally driven outbreaks were studied in a model containing ADE. For sufficiently small ADE, the number of infectives of each serotype synchronizes, with outbreaks occurring in phase. When the ADE increases past a threshold, the system becomes chaotic, and infectives of each serotype desynchronize. However, certain groupings of the primary and secondary infectives remain synchronized even in the chaotic regime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U01GM070708] NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 066201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.066201 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008UA UT WOS:000235065000040 PM 16486034 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM Velikovich, AL AF Davis, J Petrov, GM Velikovich, AL TI Dynamics of intense laser channel formation in an underdense plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PULSE LASER AB Efficient guiding and propagation of multi-keV x-rays in plasmas can be achieved by dynamically modifying the media through plasma channel formation. The dynamics of plasma channel formation is studied in preformed underdense plasma irradiated by a high intensity laser. This is done by a two-dimensional model coupling laser propagation to a relativistic particle-in-cell model. For laser intensity of 10(20) W/cm(2) and a laser beam width of 5 mu m the channel formation proceeds on a time scale of 60-70 fs in uniform plasma with density 10(18) cm(-3). The channel closes shortly after the rear of the laser pulse has passed due to Coulomb attraction from the ion core. Electron cavitation occurs only if the laser intensity is above a certain threshold intensity and the laser pulse duration exceeds 100 fs. X-ray generation and propagation is feasible for ultrarelativistic laser pulses with small beam width, less than similar to 20 mu m, and duration of more than 100 fs. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 123102 DI 10.1063/1.2138569 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600034 ER PT J AU Murakami, M Nagatomo, H Sakaiya, T Azechi, H Fujioka, S Shiraga, H Nakai, M Shigemori, K Saito, H Obenschain, S Karasik, M Gardner, J Bates, J Colombant, D Weaver, J Aglitskiy, Y AF Murakami, M Nagatomo, H Sakaiya, T Azechi, H Fujioka, S Shiraga, H Nakai, M Shigemori, K Saito, H Obenschain, S Karasik, M Gardner, J Bates, J Colombant, D Weaver, J Aglitskiy, Y TI Towards realization of hyper-velocities for impact fast ignition SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID FUSION; DENSITY; ENERGY; GAIN; FUEL AB A new ignition scheme, impact fast ignition (IFI), is studied, in which the compressed DT main fuel is to be ignited by impact with another fraction of separately imploded DT fuel, which is accelerated in the hollow conical target. The first and distinct milestone in the IFI scenario is the demonstration of such a hyper-velocity, of the order of 10(8) cm s(-1). Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation results obtained in full geometry using plastic instead of DT fuel are presented, in which some key physical parameters for the impact shell dynamics, such as an implosion velocity of 10(8) cm s(-1), a compressed density of 300-400 g cm(-3) and a converted temperature greater than 5 keV, are demonstrated. A preliminary experimental result with a planar target is presented to show the highest velocity, 6 x 10(7) cm s(-1), ever achieved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murakami, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; Nakai, Mitsuo/I-6758-2015; Shiraga, Hiroyuki/I-9565-2015; Fujioka, Shinsuke/J-5530-2015; Shigemori, Keisuke/B-3262-2013; murakami, masakatsu/I-2309-2015 OI Nakai, Mitsuo/0000-0001-6076-756X; Fujioka, Shinsuke/0000-0001-8406-1772; Shigemori, Keisuke/0000-0002-3978-8427; murakami, masakatsu/0000-0003-2220-7638 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B815 EP B822 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S63 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700065 ER PT J AU Maccarelli, FJ Shenenberger, DW AF Maccarelli, Frank J. Shenenberger, Donald W. TI Koebner's phenomenon Skin trauma may trigger psoriatic flares SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Maccarelli, Frank J.] USN, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. [Shenenberger, Donald W.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium Dermatol Residency Progra, Bethesda, MD USA. [Shenenberger, Donald W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shenenberger, DW (reprint author), USN, 2220 Cherry Leaf Ln, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. EM dwshenenberger@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JTE MULTIMEDIA PI BERWYN PA 1235 WESTLAKES DR, STE 220, BERWYN, PA 19312 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 118 IS 6 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V10JK UT WOS:000207460100010 PM 16382765 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Porter, K Campbell, CD Kupko, EN AF Johnson, WB Porter, K Campbell, CD Kupko, EN TI Character and fitness requirements for professional psychologists: An examination of state licensing application forms SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE character; fitness; licensing; state; professional ID IMPAIRED PSYCHOLOGIST; TRAINING DIRECTORS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; PROGRAMS; REMEDIATION; COMPETENCES; MOBILITY; STUDENTS AB How do state licensing boards currently evaluate candidates for licensure along the dimensions of moral character and psychological fitness? An examination of application materials from all 50 states and the District of Columbia revealed marked heterogeneity with respect to explicit screening for character and fitness indicators. There appears to be minimal consensus regarding those elements of a candidate's previous experience that should be scrutinized prior to licensure. The authors highlight the frequency of character and fitness items across applications and ancillary licensure materials and conclude with several recommendations for licensing boards, national associations, and directors of training programs. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.du NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.36.6.654 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 000BZ UT WOS:000234437200011 ER PT J AU Santiago, PN McLay, RN Hammer, PS AF Santiago, PN McLay, RN Hammer, PS TI Meteorologic factors in emergency evaluation, admission, and discharge SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. RP Santiago, PN (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1625 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.56.12.1625 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 991OE UT WOS:000233822500031 PM 16339639 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Magno, R Boos, JB Kruppa, W Ancona, MG AF Bennett, BR Magno, R Boos, JB Kruppa, W Ancona, MG TI Antimonide-based compound semiconductors for electronic devices: A review SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE antimonide; HEMT; RTD; HBT; MBE; InAs ID RESONANT-TUNNELING DIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; INAS/ALSB QUANTUM-WELLS; DOUBLE-BARRIER HETEROSTRUCTURES; VALLEY CURRENT RATIOS; LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; INAS/GASB/ALSB MATERIAL SYSTEM AB Several research groups have been actively pursuing antimonide-based electronic devices in recent years. The advantage of narrow-bandgap Sb-based devices over conventional GaAs- or InP-based devices is the attainment of high-frequency operation with much lower power consumption. This paper will review the progress on three antimonide-based electronic devices: high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs).. resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Progress on the HEMT includes the demonstration of Ka- and W-band low-noise amplifier circuits that operate at less than one-third the power of similar InP-based circuits. The RTDs exhibit excellent figures of merit but, like their InP- and GaAs-based counterparts, are waiting for a viable commercial application. Several approaches are being investigated for HBTs, with circuits reported using InAs and InGaAs bases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 167 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 11 U2 120 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1875 EP 1895 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2005.09.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 997GQ UT WOS:000234233800001 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G Khuri, S AF Valeri, CR Ragno, G Khuri, S TI Freezing human platelets with 6 percent dimethyl sulfoxide with removal of the supernatant solution before freezing and storage at-80 degrees C without postthaw processing SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID CRYOPRESERVED BABOON PLATELETS; CHILLED BLOOD-PLATELETS; PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY; HEMOSTATIC FUNCTION; AUTOLOGOUS FRESH; P-SELECTIN; MICROPARTICLES; CLEARANCE; CIRCULATION; SURVIVAL AB BACKGROUND: Platelets (PLTs) can be frozen with 6 percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at -80 degrees C for up to 2 years. This method has been modified by concentrating the PLTs and removing the supernatant before freezing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: High-yield leukoreduced PLTs stored at 22 degrees C for up to 5 days were divided into three equal volumes: one was frozen with 6 percent DMSO at -80 degrees C, thawed, washed, and resuspended in plasma (old method with DMSO); the second was treated with 6 percent DMSO, concentrated to remove the supernatant DMSO, frozen at -80 degrees C, thawed, and diluted with 0.9 percent NaCl (new method with DMSO); and the third was treated with 0.9 percent NaCl without DMSO, concentrated to remove the supernatant solution, frozen at -80 degrees C, thawed, and diluted with 0.9 percent NaCl (new method without DMSO). RESULTS: Freeze-thaw-wash recovery of PLTs frozen by the old method with DMSO was 74 +/- 2 percent with 5 percent PLT microparticles. Freeze-thaw recovery was 94 +/- 2 percent with 7 percent PLT microparticles (new method with DMSO) and 69 +/- 9 percent with 15 percent PLT microparticles (new method without DMSO). Total DMSO in washed PLTs was 400 and 600 mg in PLTs concentrated before freezing. In vivo recovery of PLTs frozen by the new method with DMSO and transfused into normal volunteers was 30 percent and the life span was 7 days. CONCLUSION: Concentrating PLTs before freezing simplified the procedure by eliminating postthaw washing. PLTs frozen by this method had more PLTs with reduced GPIb and increased annexin V binding than those frozen by the old method. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston VA Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, W Roxbury Div, Boston, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1890 EP 1898 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00647.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 987PV UT WOS:000233530700009 PM 16371041 ER PT J AU Statnikov, RB Bordetsky, A Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, R. B. Bordetsky, A. Statnikov, A. TI Multicriteria analysis of real-life engineering optimization problems: statement and solution SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multicriteria analysis; PSI method; Feasible solution set; Pareto optimal set; MOVI software system AB The majority of engineering problems are essentially multicriteria. These criteria are usually contradictory. That is why specialists experience significant difficulties in correctly stating engineering optimization problems, so designers often end up solving ill-posed problems. In general, it is impossible to reduce multicriteria problems to single-criterion ones. For the correct statement and solution of engineering optimization problems, a method called Parameter Space Investigation (PSI method) has been created and widely integrated into various fields of industry, science, and technology (e. g., design of the space shuttle, nuclear reactor, missile, automobile, ship, and metal-tool). In summary, the PSI method generates many feasible designs from which the so-called Pareto optimal ones (i.e. solutions which cannot be improved) are extracted. The PSI method can also be used to efficiently optimize models in a parallel mode, which is of great importance while solving high-dimensional multiparameter and multicriteria problems. The PSI method is implemented in the software package Multicriteria Optimization and Vector Identification (MOVI), a comprehensive system for multicriteria engineering optimization (design, identification, and control). This system allows optimization of many problems that until recently appeared intractable. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Statnikov, R. B.; Bordetsky, A.] USN, Dept Informat Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, R. B.] Russian Acad Sci, Mech Engn Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Statnikov, A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN USA. RP Statnikov, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Math, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM Alexander.statnikov@Vanderbilt.edu NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-7 BP E685 EP E696 DI 10.1016/j.na.2005.01.028 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V20NX UT WOS:000208147800068 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Qadri, SB Osofsky, M Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Qadri, SB Osofsky, M Keller, TM TI Formation of a superconducting mixture of beta-Mo2C nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in an amorphous matrix of molybdenum compounds by the pyrolysis of a molybdenum derivative of a carboranylenesiloxane SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBIDE-MODIFIED MO(110); MO-SI-B; SURFACE REACTIVITY; CONJUGATED DIYNES; METAL-CARBONYLS; SYNTHESIS GAS; CATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES; THIOPHENE AB A pyrolytic treatment (to 1000 degrees C) of the organometallic reaction product of the thermo-oxidatively stable carboranylenesiloxane, 1, and cyclopentadienylmolybdenum tricarbonyl dimer, Cp2Mo2(CO)(6), was discovered to yield nanoparticles Of Mo2C concomitantly with carbon nanotubes in an amorphous matrix of Mo compounds. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the Mo2C nanoparticles possess the hexagonal phase. A peak fit analysis using a Gaussian distribution function of the X-ray diffraction data revealed that 80% of the total molybdenum units in the mixture exist as beta-Mo2C nanoparticles. The presence of the carbon nanotubes dispersed in the amorphous matrix was determined by both X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM analyses. The pyrolytic residue was determined to be superconducting with a critical temperature (T-c) of 8 K. A comparative analysis of T-c value of the residue and the reported individual T-c values of the various components in the residue beta-Mo2C, carbon nanotubes, and some possible Mo compounds) pointed to beta-Mo2C as the most probable cause for the superconductivity in the residue. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 24 BP 6101 EP 6107 DI 10.1021/cm051765e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 987GY UT WOS:000233507600031 ER PT J AU Kwok, R Maslowski, W Laxon, SW AF Kwok, R Maslowski, W Laxon, SW TI On large outflows of Arctic sea ice into the Barents Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRAM STRAIT; TRANSPORTS; REGION; COVER; MASS AB Winter outflows of Arctic sea ice into the Barents Sea are estimated using a 10-year record of satellite ice motion and thickness. The mean winter volume export through the Svalbard/Franz Josef Land passage is 40 km(3), and ranges from - 280 km(3) to 340 km(3). A large outflow in 2003 is preconditioned by an unusually high concentration of thick perennial ice over the Nansen Basin at the end of the 2002 summer. With a deep atmospheric low situated over the eastern Barents Sea in winter, the result is an increased export of Arctic ice. The Oct-Mar ice area flux, at 110 x 10(3) km(2), is not only unusual in magnitude but also remarkable in that > 70% of the area is multiyear ice; the ice volume flux at similar to 340 km(3) is almost one-fifth of the ice flux through the Fram Strait. Another large outflow of Arctic sea ice through this passage, comparable to that in 2003, is found in 1996. This southward flux of sea ice represents one of two major sources of freshwater in the Barents Sea; the other is the eastward flux of water via the Norwegian Coastal Current. The possible consequences of variable freshwater input on the Barents Sea hydrography and its impact on transformation of Atlantic Water en route to the Arctic Ocean are examined with a 25-year coupled ice-ocean model. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Kwok, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22503 DI 10.1029/2005GL024485 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 993EF UT WOS:000233935500004 ER PT J AU Borisov, AB Song, XY Zhang, P Dasgupta, A Davis, J Kepple, PC Dai, Y Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Borisov, AB Song, XY Zhang, P Dasgupta, A Davis, J Kepple, PC Dai, Y Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Amplification at lambda similar to 2.8 angstrom on Xe(L) (2(s)over-bar-2(p)over-bar) double-vacancy states produced by 248 nm excitation of Xe clusters in plasma channels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PLASMA; FIELD INTERACTION; RAY-EMISSION; ULTRAVIOLET; DEPENDENCE; RADIATION; PULSES; XE(M) AB Xe37+(2 (s) over bar2 (p) over bar) double-vacancy states undergo strong amplification in relativistic self-trapped plasma channels on 3d -> 2p transitions in the lambda = 2.78-2.81 angstrom region. The P-2(3/2) -> S-2(1/2) component at lambda congruent to 2.786 angstrom exhibits saturated amplification demonstrated by both (1) the observation of spectral hole-burning in the spontaneous emission profile and (2) the correlated enhancement of 3p -> 2s cascade transitions (S-2(1/2) -> (2)p(j); j = 1/2, 3/2) at lambda = 2.558 angstrom and lambda = 2.600 angstrom. The condition of saturation places a lower limit Of similar to 10(17) W cm(-2) on the intensity of the x-ray beam produced by the amplification in the channel. The anomalous strength of the amplification signalled by the saturation mirrors the equivalently anomalous behaviour observed for all 3d -> 2p transitions corresponding to (2p) single-vacancy Xeq+ affays (q = 31, 32, 34, 35, 36) that exhibit gain. The conspicuous absence of amplification involving states with (2p)2 double-vacancy configurations suggests the operation of a selective interaction that enhances the production of (2 (s) over bar2 (p) over bar) states. Overall, the generation of double-vacancy states of this genre demonstrates that an excitation rate approaching similar to 1 W/atom for ionic species is achievable in self-trapped plasma channels. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Borisov, AB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3935 EP 3944 DI 10.1088/0953-4075-38/22 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 992IS UT WOS:000233878200002 ER PT J AU Taleff, EM Green, WP Kulas, MA McNelley, TR Krajewski, PE AF Taleff, EM Green, WP Kulas, MA McNelley, TR Krajewski, PE TI Analysis, representation, and prediction of creep transients in Class I alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE creep; solute-drag creep; creep transients; dislocation density; Al-Mg ID SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; AL-MG ALLOYS; SUPERPLASTIC-LIKE BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; VISCOUS GLIDE; SOLUTE DRAG; DISLOCATION CLIMB; TENSILE DUCTILITY; STEADY-STATE AB Solute-drag (SD) creep in Class I alloys is characterized by several features. Among these is the presence of "inverse" creep transients, which are unique to these solid-solution alloys and the SD creep mechanism. Creep transients in commercial AA5083 materials under SD creep are analyzed using a model based on a graphical construct previously proposed. It is observed that transient behavior can be represented in a general fashion which predicts the decay in relative transient size as a function of strain. Experimental data for SD creep are presented using the proposed graphical construct to determine the dependence of dislocation glide speed on stress and the dependence of equilibrium mobile dislocation density on stress. It is observed that the high stress exponents of the commercial AA5083 materials under SD creep, relative to low-impurity, binary Al-Mg materials, are primarily the result of an increased dependence of dislocation glide speed on stress. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Taleff, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM taleff@mail.utexas.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.085 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000010 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Pan, D Marks, RA Jadhav, SG AF Dutta, I Pan, D Marks, RA Jadhav, SG TI Effect of thermo-mechanically induced microstructural coarsening on the evolution of creep response of SnAg-based microelectronic solders SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE lead-free solders; microstructure; coarsening; creep ID IMPRESSION CREEP; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALLOY; DEFORMATION; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; JOINTS; CLIMB; SIZE AB The creep response of solderjoints in a microelectronic package, which are subjected to aggressive thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) during service, often limits the reliability of the entire package. Furthermore, during TMC, the microstructures of the new lead-free solders (Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu) can undergo significant in situ strain-enhanced coarsening, resulting in in-service evolution of the creep behavior. In this paper, the coarsening kinetics of Ag3Sn particles in SnAg-based solder are studied, and the results are correlated with impression creep data from individual microelectronic solder balls subjected to thermal aging treatments. Coarsening influences creep behavior in two ways. At low stresses, the creep rate increases proportionately with precipitate size. At high stresses, precipitate coarsening influences creep response by altering the threshold stress for particle-limited creep. Based on these observations, a microstructurally adaptive creep model for solder interconnects undergoing in situ coarsening is presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.142 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000013 ER PT J AU Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR TI Effect of strain path on evolution of deformation bands during ECAP of pure aluminum SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE aluminum; equal channel angular pressing (ECAP); texture; simple shear; orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT AB The influence of strain path during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been evaluated in pure aluminum by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The material was examined after four pressing operations by route B-C in a 90 degrees die, or eight pressing operations by route B-C in a 135 degrees die. The von Mises equivalent strains were essentially the same for these two ECAP procedures. The microtexture data indicate that the distortion during ECAP corresponds to a simple shear in a direction approximately parallel to die-channel exit and on a plane perpendicular to the flow plane. For both procedures, the OIM data reveal prominent meso-scale band-like features. Lattice orientations in each band correspond to a texture orientation but the particular combinations of orientations depend upon ECAP die angle. High-angle boundaries in the Structure correspond to interfaces between the bands, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM TMcNelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.rnsea.2005.08.144 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000040 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Langdon, TG McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Langdon, TG McNelley, TR TI Microstructural evolution in commercial purity aluminum during high-pressure torsion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE aluminum; high-pressure torsion (HPT); microstructure; ultrafine grains ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; NICKEL; SUPERPLASTICITY AB An investigation was conducted to evaluate the microstructural evolution occurring in disks of commercial purity aluminum processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) under constrained conditions. Microhardness measurements were taken to assess the variation in hardness across the diameters of disks subjected to different imposed strains and the microstructures were observed at the edges and in the centers of the disks using transmission electron microscopy. The results show the microhardness is lower and there is less grain refinement in the central regions of the disks in the initial stages of torsional straining but the microstructures become reasonably homogeneous across the disks at high imposed strains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM apzhilya@nps.edu RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 12 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.044 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000060 ER PT J AU Patz, TM Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Modi, R Chrisey, DB AF Patz, TM Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Modi, R Chrisey, DB TI Two-dimensional differential adherence and alignment of C2C12 myoblasts SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser processing; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation-direct write; biomaterials ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PRIMARY CULTURES; LASER TRANSFER; CELL-LINES; MOUSE; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION; MATRIX AB Surface microstructure is a critical parameter for scaffolds used in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. We have developed micromachined surfaces using matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation-direct write (MAPLE-DW) that demonstrate differential adherence of C2C12 myoblast cells. The 60-400 mu m diameter channels were micromachined onto 2% agarose surfaces using an ArF excimer laser and lined with Matrigel (R) basement membrane matrix solution. Suspensions containing C2C12 myoblast cells were then placed on the surface of these micromachined channels. The C2C12 myoblast cells aligned themselves parallel to the 60-150 mu m channels. Live/dead assays over 72 h demonstrated that cell number, cell size, and number of nuclei per cell increased within these channels. In addition, some of the myoblasts fused and differentiated into multinucleated myotubes. These results provide the basis for the development of direct-write scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Interdisciplinary Grad Bioengn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 3 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.08.088 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 976CN UT WOS:000232710500010 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II TI Intercalant-driven superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Recently discovered superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6, at temperatures substantially higher than previously known for intercalated graphites, raises several new questions. (1) Is the mechanism considerably different from that of previously known intercalated graphites? (2) If superconductivity is conventional, what are the relevant phonons? (3) Given the extreme similarity between YbC6 and CaCa6, why are their critical temperatures so different? We address these questions on the basis of first-principles calculations and conclude that coupling with intercalant phonons is likely to be the main force for superconductivity in YbC6 and CaC6, but not in alkaline-intercalated compounds, and explain the difference in T-c by the "isotope effect" due to the difference in Yb and Ca atomic masses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 17 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 227001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500058 PM 16384254 ER PT J AU Song, CH Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W AF Song, CH Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W TI Recoverable solution reaction of HiPco carbon nanotubes with hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GLUCOSE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; BIOSENSORS; SENSOR; FLUORESCENCE; OXIDATION AB There is increasing interest in developing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)-based optical biosensors for remote or in vitro and in vivo sensing because the near-IR optical properties of SWNTs are very sensitive to surrounding environmental changes. Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions yield hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a product. To our knowledge, there is no report on the interaction of H2O2 with SWNTs from the optical sensing point of view. Here, we study the reaction of H2O2 with an aqueous suspension of water-soluble (ws) HiPco SWNTs encased in the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The SWNTs are optically sensitive to hydrogen peroxide in pH 6.0 buffer solutions through suppression of the near-IR absorption band intensity. Interestingly, the suppressed spectral intensity of the nanotubes recovers by increasing the pH, by decomposing the H2O2 into H2O and O-2 with the enzyme catalase, and by dialytically removing H2O2. Preliminary studies on the mechanisms suggest that H2O2 withdraws electrons from the SWNT valence band by charge transfer, which suppresses the nanotube spectral intensity. The findings suggest possible enzyme-assisted molecular recognition applications by selective optical detection of biological species whose enzyme-catalyzed products include hydrogen peroxide. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@ualr.edu NR 51 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 21634 EP 21639 DI 10.1021/jp053077o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 986GC UT WOS:000233437100026 PM 16853809 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Chun, HY AF Kim, YJ Chun, HY TI A computationally efficient nonstationary convective gravity-wave drag parameterization for global atmospheric prediction systems SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; MEAN-FLOW; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETRIZATION; SPECTRUM; CLIMATE AB We extend the Chun-Baik parameterization of convectively forced stationary gravity-wave drag by adding a set of discrete nonzero phase speeds to incorporate the effects of nonstationary gravity waves. The extended scheme is computationally very efficient in comparison with full spectral parameterizations and eliminates the need to specify the wave source information at the interface level. We validate the extended parameterization against an explicit simulation of convection over a tropical ocean. The distribution of the cloud-top momentum flux for a typical range of phase speeds is roughly similar to those from more refined studies. It is shown that nonstationary waves should be included to reproduce the vertical variation of explicitly simulated momentum flux. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yj.kim@nrlmry.navy.mil; chy@atmos.yonsei.ac.kr NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22805 DI 10.1029/2005GL024572 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988WE UT WOS:000233631300005 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Kaminska, E Sekula, M Paluch, M AF Ngai, KL Kaminska, E Sekula, M Paluch, M TI Primary and secondary relaxations in bis-5-hydroxypentylphthalate revisited SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; FORMERS AB The molecular structure of bis-5-hydroxypentylphthalate (BHPP) is like dihexyl phthalate but having appended to it two hydroxyl end groups, which contribute additional dipole moments and capacity for hydrogen-bond formation. In a previously published dielectric study of the primary and secondary relaxations of BHPP, it was found that all the dynamic properties are normal except for the anomalously large width of the primary relaxation loss peak. There are two secondary relaxations, the relaxation time of the slower one increases with increasing pressure, whereas that of the faster one is practically insensitive to pressure. Hence, the slower secondary relaxation is the "universal" Johari-Goldstein (JG) [J. Chem. Phys. 53, 2372 (1970); 55, 4245 (1971)] relaxation in BHPP. All is well except if the observed large width of the primary relaxation were an indication of a corresponding large coupling parameter n=0.45 in the coupling model. Then the predicted relations between the primary relaxation time tau(alpha) and the JG relaxation time tau(JG) found previously to hold in many glass formers would be violated. It was recognized that this singular behavior of BHPP is likely due to broadening of the primary loss peak by the overlapping contributions of two independent dipole moments present in BHPP, and the actual coupling parameter is smaller. However, at the time of publication of the previous work there were not enough data to support this explanation. By making broadband dielectric measurements of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) that have chemical structures closely related to BHPP but with only one dipole moment, we show that all their dynamic properties are almost the same as BHPP but the widths of their primary relaxation loss peaks are significantly narrower corresponding to a smaller coupling parameter n=0.34. The new data presented here indicate that the coupling parameter of BHPP is about the same as DBP and DOP, and the predicted relations between tau(alpha) and tau(JG) of BHPP are brought back in agreement with the experimental data. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mpaluch@us.edu.pl NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 20 AR 204507 DI 10.1063/1.2121667 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989GN UT WOS:000233661000050 PM 16351281 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Roland, DF Wang, J Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Roland, DF Wang, J Casalini, R TI Isobaric and isochoric fragilities and the influence of volume on the temperature dependence of local segmental relaxation in polyvinylethylene networks SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; POLYSTYRENE; ELASTICITY; MOTION AB The ratio of the isochoric and isobaric activation enthalpies at T-g is used to quantify the relative contributions of the specific volume and temperature to the local segmental dynamics of polyvinylethylene networks. The dynamics of the networks become more dominated by temperature with increasing cross-link density, consistent with an increasing isobaric fragility. We also find a correlation between the isochoric and isobaric fragilities for the polyvinylethylene networks, in accord with a previously reported relationship between these two quantities for polymers and molecular glass-forming liquids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil; casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 20 AR 204905 DI 10.1063/1.12135787 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989GN UT WOS:000233661000084 PM 16351315 ER PT J AU Stapleton, JJ Daniel, TA Uppili, S Cabarcos, OM Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Allara, DL AF Stapleton, JJ Daniel, TA Uppili, S Cabarcos, OM Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Allara, DL TI Self-assembly, characterization, and chemical stability of isocyanide-bound molecular wire monolayers on gold and palladium surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ARYL ISOCYANIDES; NANOPARTICLE SURFACES; POLYCRYSTALLINE GOLD; ALKYL ISOCYANIDES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the isocyano derivative of 4,4'-di(phenylene-ethynylene)benzene (1), a member of the "OPE" family of "molecular wires" of current interest in molecular electronics, have been prepared on smooth, {111} textured films of Au and Pd. For assembly in oxygen-free environments with freshly deposited metal surfaces, infrared reflection spectroscopy (IRS) indicates the molecules assume a tilted structure with average tilt angles of 18-24 degrees from the surface normal. The combination of IRS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations all support a single sigma-type bond of the -NC group to the Au surface and a sigma/pi-type of bond to the Pd surface. Both SAMs show significant chemical instability when exposed to typical ambient conditions. In the case of the Au SAM, even a few hours storage in air results in significant oxidation of the -NC moieties to -NCO (isocyanate) with an accompanying decrease in surface chemical bonding, as evidenced by a significant increase in instability toward dissolution in solvent. In the case of the Pd SAM, similar air exposure does not result in incorporation of oxygen or loss of solvent resistance but rather results in a chemically altered interface which is attributed to polymerization of the -NC moieties to quasi-2D poly(imine) structures. Conductance probe atomic force microscope measurements show the conductance of the degraded Pd SAMs can diminish by similar to 2 orders of magnitude, an indication that the SAM-Pd electrical contact has severely degraded. These results underscore the importance of careful control of the assembly procedures for aromatic isocyanide SAMs, particularly for applications in molecular electronics where the molecule -electrode junction is critical to the operational characteristics of the device. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allara, DL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dla3@psu.edu RI Cabarcos, Orlando/B-3795-2009 NR 91 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 24 BP 11061 EP 11070 DI 10.1021/la051094z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 985IQ UT WOS:000233371200024 PM 16285772 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Teaney, B AF Krapels, K Driggers, RG Teaney, B TI Target-acquisition performance in undersampled infrared imagers: static imagery to motion video SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM PERFORMANCE; TOD; MODEL AB In this research we show that the target-acquisition performance of an undersampled imager improves with sensor or target motion. We provide an experiment designed to evaluate the improvement in observer performance as a function of target motion rate in the video. We created the target motion by mounting a thermal imager on a precision two-axis gimbal and varying the sensor motion rate from 0.25 to 1 instantaneous field of view per frame. A midwave thermal imager was used to permit short integration times and remove the effects of motion blur. It is shown that the human visual system performs a superresolution reconstruction that mitigates some aliasing and provides a higher (than static imagery) effective resolution. This process appears to be relatively independent of motion velocity. The results suggest that the benefits of superresolution reconstruction techniques as applied to imaging systems with motion may be limited. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM rdrigger@nvl.army.mil NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 33 BP 7055 EP 7061 DI 10.1364/AO.44.007055 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984ZD UT WOS:000233345000006 PM 16318174 ER PT J AU Hunter, DA Rubin, VC Swaters, RA Sparke, LS Levine, SE AF Hunter, DA Rubin, VC Swaters, RA Sparke, LS Levine, SE TI The stellar velocity dispersion in the inner 1.3 disk scale lengths of the irregular galaxy NGC 4449 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 4449); galaxies : irregular; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : structure ID DWARF GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; NGC 4650A; KINEMATICS; GAS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SHAPES AB We present measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion in the inner 1' radius (1.3 disk scale lengths) of the irregular galaxy NGC 4449 determined from long-slit absorption-line spectra. The average observed dispersion is 29 +/- 2 km s(-1), the same as predicted from NGC 4449's luminosity. No significant rotation in the stars is detected. If we assume a maximum rotation speed of the stars from the model determined from the gas kinematics of Hunter et al., the ratio V-max/sigma(z) measured globally is 3. This ratio is comparable to values measured in spiral galaxies and implies that the stellar disk in NGC 4449 is kinematically relatively cold. The intrinsic minor-to-major axis ratio (b/a)(0) is predicted to be in the range 0.3-0.6, similar to values derived from the distribution of observed b/a of Im galaxies. However, V/sigma(z) measured locally is 0.5-1.1, and so the circular velocity of NGC 4449 is comparable to or less than the velocity of the stars within the central 1.3 disk scale lengths of the galaxy. C1 Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Washburn Observ, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hunter, DA (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dah@lowell.edu; rubin@dtm.ciw.edu; swaters@astro.wisc.edu; sparke@astro.wisc.edu; sel@nofs.navy.mil NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1086/496949 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AF UT WOS:000233347800025 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Harra, LK AF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Harra, LK TI X-ray observations of solar long-duration flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; LOOP-TOP KERNELS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NONTHERMAL VELOCITY; YOHKOH; PLASMA; PHASE; OSCILLATIONS; PROMINENCES AB Yohkoh X-ray observations during the several-hour decay of six large solar flares show that the main emitting region is in the form of a bright loop-top source whose spatial extent well after the impulsive stage explains most of the broadening of S xv and Ca XIX X-ray lines, which would otherwise imply nonthermal velocities of 100 km s(-1) or more. During the decay of each event, the electron temperature and emission measure decline slowly. For the nearly disk center event of 1992 February 27, the volume increases and the deduced lower limit to the electron density Ne decreases from similar to 10(11) cm(-3) to just below 10(10) cm(-3). The nonuniform emission along the loops indicates that Spitzer heat conduction does not operate. If radiation is the only or main energy-loss mechanism, the lower limits to Ne imply upper limits to radiation cooling times of up to 10 hr, less than the flare decay time, so necessitating a continuing energy input. Although magnetic reconnection of previous broken open loops (the Kopp-Pneuman model) has been widely regarded as the source of energy in such flares, the small nonthermal velocities-only 20-50 km s(-1) as indicated by SUMER observations-and the lack of spectroscopic indicators of large inflows or outflows argue against it. Other flare models must also explain the relatively small nonthermal velocities. An alternative picture of loop oscillations recently seen in TRACE and Yohkoh data is proposed for the production of observed nonthermal velocities. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20575 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kennethjhphillips@yahoo.com OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1086/491693 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AF UT WOS:000233347800055 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD TI Photon-photon absorption of very high energy gamma rays from microquasars: Application to LS 5039 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : winds, outflows; X-rays : binaries ID BINARY; MODEL; DISCOVERY; ACCRETION; EMISSION; CASCADE; REGION; JET AB Very high energy ( VHE) gamma-rays have recently been detected from the Galactic black hole candidate and microquasar LS 5039. A plausible site for the production of these VHE gamma-rays is the region close to the base of the mildly relativistic outflow. However, at distances comparable to the binary separation, the intense photon field of the stellar companion leads to substantial gamma gamma absorption of VHE gamma-rays. If the system is viewed at a substantial inclination (i not equal 0), this absorption feature will be modulated on the orbital period of the binary as a result of a phase-dependent stellar-radiation intensity and pair-production threshold. We apply our results to LS 5039 and find that ( 1) gamma gamma absorption effects will be substantial if the photon production site is located at a distance from the central compact object of the order of the binary separation (approximate to 2.5 x 10(12) cm) or less; ( 2) the gamma gamma absorption depth will be largest at a few hundred GeV, leading to a characteristic absorption trough; ( 3) the gamma gamma absorption feature will be strongly modulated on the orbital period, characterized by a spectral hardening accompanying periodic dips of the VHE gamma-ray flux; and ( 4) gamma-rays can escape virtually unabsorbed, even from within approximate to 10(12) cm, when the star is located behind the production site as seen by the observer. C1 Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/498615 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AI UT WOS:000233348100021 ER PT J AU Zutic, I Mazin, I AF Zutic, I Mazin, I TI Phase-sensitive tests of the pairing state symmetry in Sr2RuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TRIPLET SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANDREEV REFLECTION; CONDUCTIVITY; PROXIMITY AB Exotic superconducting properties of Sr2RuO4 have provided strong support for an unconventional pairing symmetry. However, the extensive efforts over the past decade have not yet unambiguously resolved the controversy about the pairing symmetry in this material. While recent phase-sensitive experiments using flux modulation in Josephson junctions consisting of Sr2RuO4 and a conventional superconductor have been interpreted as conclusive evidence for a chiral spin-triplet pairing, we propose here an alternative interpretation. We show that an overlooked chiral spin-singlet pairing is also compatible with the observed phase shifts in Josephson junctions and propose further experiments which would distinguish it from its spin-triplet counterpart. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Zutic, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100055 PM 16384173 ER PT J AU Takebe, N Cheng, XF Farese, AM Welty, E Meisenberg, B MacVittie, T AF Takebe, N Cheng, XF Farese, AM Welty, E Meisenberg, B MacVittie, T TI Human brain endothelial cells (HUBEC) can expand both human bone marrow and cord blood SCID-repopulating cells (SRC) through cell contact rather than soluble factors. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 36 BP 15A EP 15A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426000037 ER PT J AU Stevens, WT Reese, AM Wesley, R Stroncek, DF Read, EJ Donohue, T Wayne, AS Fowler, DH Savani, B Barrett, AJ Leitman, SF Childs, RW Bolan, CD AF Stevens, WT Reese, AM Wesley, R Stroncek, DF Read, EJ Donohue, T Wayne, AS Fowler, DH Savani, B Barrett, AJ Leitman, SF Childs, RW Bolan, CD TI Prospective evaluation of immune hemolysis in minor-ABO incompatible reduced-intensity peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NCI, Med Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 960 BP 282A EP 282A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426001429 ER PT J AU Lemery, SJ More, KF Young, NS Sloand, EM AF Lemery, SJ More, KF Young, NS Sloand, EM TI Daclizumab-Associated erythroderma is associated with rebound increases in CD25-Positive CD4 cells following treatment of aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 NHLBI, Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Hosp, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 1042 BP 304A EP 304A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426001511 ER PT J AU Takebe, N MacVittie, T Cheng, XF Farese, AM Welty, E Meisenberg, B AF Takebe, N MacVittie, T Cheng, XF Farese, AM Welty, E Meisenberg, B TI Attenuation of surface CXCR4 down-regulation in human cord blood HSC during ex vivo expansion using the HUBEC co-culture system. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 1068 BP 311A EP 311A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426002003 ER PT J AU Miller, HJ Hu, JS Gable, PS AF Miller, HJ Hu, JS Gable, PS TI Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ferric sodium gluconate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in non-kidney disease patients. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 1683 BP 480A EP 481A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426003045 ER PT J AU Donnelly, AA Butler, RF AF Donnelly, AA Butler, RF TI Rash during pregnancy SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Hosp Bremerton, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Donnelly, AA (reprint author), USN, Hosp Bremerton, Boone Rd, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2076 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 990QY UT WOS:000233759500016 PM 16342839 ER PT J AU Khan, SM Imran, J Bradford, S Syvitski, J AF Khan, SM Imran, J Bradford, S Syvitski, J TI Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal plume SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International ComDelta Symposium on Comparing Mediterranean and Black Sea Prodeltas CY OCT 26-28, 2003 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE DE hyperpycnal flow; alongshore current; undulation; Adriatic shelf; Apennine rivers ID TURBIDITY CURRENTS; UNCONFINED CHANNELS; DENSITY-CURRENT; ADRIATIC SHELF; SEDIMENT WAVES; RIVER MOUTHS; FLOW; UNDERFLOWS; DEPOSITS; HYDRODYNAMICS AB When the density of sediment laden river water exceeds that of the ambient ocean water, the river plunges to the ocean floor and generates a hyperpycnal plume. Hyperpycnal plumes can travel significant distances beyond the continental shelf and may be sustained for hours to weeks. There are several Apennine Rivers in Italy that are likely to develop hyperpycnal discharges on the Western Adriatic shelf Among them, River Tronto is a moderately 'dirty' river capable of producing 64 hyperpycnal flow events (lasting >= 6 h) during a 100 year period. Numerical simulations of hyperpycnal events have been conducted for the Adriatic shelf near the mouth of River Trento using a two-dimensional depth-integrated finite volume model to study the spreading of the plume and its interaction with the alongshore current. Simulation results indicate that the alongshore current has great impact on the spreading and deposition pattern of the hyperpycnal flow. Sedimentary deposits generated from a series of simulated hyperpycnal flow events have developed undulating bed forms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Khan, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM khansm@engr.sc.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 222 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.06.025 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 987LX UT WOS:000233520500011 ER PT J AU Rath, BB AF Rath, BB TI Remarks SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rath@utopia.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.07.033 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900002 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA TI Grain growth and deformation in nanocrystalline materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micomechanics of Advanced Materials held in Honour of James C M Lis 80th Birthday held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE grain growth; Hall-Petch; nanomaterials ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HALL-PETCH RELATION; YIELD-STRESS; BEHAVIOR; COPPER; SIZE; DISLOCATION; PALLADIUM; METALS AB In case of nanocrystalline materials several additional features need to be taken into account in considering grain growth and deformation whose existence was first anticipated by Professor J.C.M. Li years ago. Grains can increase their size by grain rotation as well as by curvature driven motion. Grain rotation has been considered in detail by Li [J.C.M. Li, J. Appl. Phys. 15 (1962) 2958] theoretically and recently other researchers by simulation. We show that in nanocrystalline materials this mode is quite possible especially if the grain growth is retarded by finite triple junction mobility. New deformation modes occur in these materials leading to the so-called inverse Hall-Petch effect, which will be discussed in detail. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6325, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.058 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900019 ER PT J AU Eisenstein, DJ Zehavi, I Hogg, DW Scoccimarro, R Blanton, MR Nichol, RC Scranton, R Seo, HJ Tegmark, M Zheng, Z Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, JA Glazebrook, K Gunn, JE Hendry, JS Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lin, H Loh, YS Lupton, RH Margon, B McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Pope, A Richmond, MW Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Eisenstein, DJ Zehavi, I Hogg, DW Scoccimarro, R Blanton, MR Nichol, RC Scranton, R Seo, HJ Tegmark, M Zheng, Z Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, JA Glazebrook, K Gunn, JE Hendry, JS Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lin, H Loh, YS Lupton, RH Margon, B McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Pope, A Richmond, MW Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG TI Detection of the baryon acoustic peak in the large-scale correlation function of SDSS luminous red galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; distance scale; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AB We present the large-scale correlation function measured from a spectroscopic sample of 46,748 luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The survey region covers 0.72 h(-3) Gpc(3) over 3816 deg(2) and 0.16 < z < 0.47, making it the best sample yet for the study of large-scale structure. We find a well-detected peak in the correlation function at 100 h(-1) Mpc separation that is an excellent match to the predicted shape and location of the imprint of the recombination-epoch acoustic oscillations on the low-redshift clustering of matter. This detection demonstrates the linear growth of structure by gravitational instability between z approximate to 1000 and the present and confirms a firm prediction of the standard cosmological theory. The acoustic peak provides a standard ruler by which we can measure the ratio of the distances to z = 0.35 and z = 1089 to 4% fractional accuracy and the absolute distance to z 0: 35 to 5% accuracy. From the overall shape of the correlation function, we measure the matter density Omega(m)h(2) to 8% and find agreement with the value from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. Independent of the constraints provided by the CMB acoustic scale, we find Omega(m) = 0.273 +/- 0.025 + 0.123(1 + w(0)) + 0.137 Omega(K). Including the CMB acoustic scale, we find that the spatial curvature is Omega(K) = -0.010 +/- 0.009 if the dark energy is a cosmological constant. More generally, our results provide a measurement of cosmological distance, and hence an argument for dark energy, based on a geometric method with the same simple physics as the microwave background anisotropies. The standard cosmological model convincingly passes these new and robust tests of its fundamental properties. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 2EG, Hants, England. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80803 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 148 TC 2194 Z9 2206 U1 9 U2 69 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 560 EP 574 DI 10.1086/466512 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000004 ER PT J AU Nichols, BM Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Nichols, BM Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ TI Photochemical functionalization of hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces: A structural and mechanistic study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON YIELD SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-AFFINITY DIAMOND; VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; FIELD-EMISSION; BENZOYL PEROXIDE; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; CVD-DIAMOND AB Hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces can be covalently modified with molecules bearing a terminal vinyl (C=C) group via a photochemical process using sub-band-gap light at 254 nm. We have investigated the photochemical modification of hydrogen-terminated surfaces of nanocrystalline and single-crystal diamond (111) to help understand the structure of the films and the underlying mechanism of photochemical furictionalization. A comparison of the rates of photochemical modification of single-crystal diamond and nanocrystalline diamond films shows no significant difference in reactivity, demonstrating that the modification process is not controlled by grain boundaries or other structures unique to polycrystalline, films. We find that both single-crystal and polycrystalline hydrogen-terminated diamond samples exhibit negative electron affinity and are functionalized at comparable rates, while oxidized surfaces with positive electron affinity undergo no detectable reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis shows the formation of new chemical products in the liquid phase that are formed only when the alkenes are illuminated in direct contact with H-terminated diamond, while control experiments with other surfaces and in the dark show no reaction. Our results show that the functionalization is a surface-mediated photochemical reaction and suggest that modification is initiated by the photoejection of electrons from the diamond surfaces into the liquid phase. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 71 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 44 BP 20938 EP 20947 DI 10.1021/jp0545389 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 984YD UT WOS:000233342400041 PM 16853714 ER PT J AU Crosby, RT Jones, KS Law, ME Radic, L Thompson, PE Liu, J AF Crosby, RT Jones, KS Law, ME Radic, L Thompson, PE Liu, J TI Dislocation loops in silicon-germanium alloys: The source of interstitials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI1-XGEX EPITAXIAL LAYERS; BORON-DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; TRANSIENT DIFFUSION; SI; IMPLANTATION; DAMAGE AB The relationships between extended defect evolution and boron diffusion in Si0.77Ge0.23 have been investigated. A SiGe structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy with a 3x10(18) atoms/cm(3) boron marker layer positioned 0.50 mu m below the surface. Samples were ion implanted with 60 keV Si+ at a dose of 1x10(14) atoms/cm(2) and subsequently annealed at 750 degrees C for various times. The evolution of extended defects in the near surface region was monitored with plan-view transmission electron microscopy. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy concentration profiles facilitated the characterization of boron diffusion. Boron experiences transient enhanced diffusion regulated by the dissolution of dislocation loops. The maximum diffusion enhancement in Si0.77Ge0.23 is less than that observed in pure Si. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, SWAMP Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Crosby, RT (reprint author), Univ Florida, SWAMP Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tcroz@ufl.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 192111 DI 10.1063/1.2123389 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800036 ER PT J AU Harutyunyan, SR Vardanyan, VH Kuzanyan, AS Nikoghosyan, VR Kunii, S Winzer, K Wood, KS Gulian, AM AF Harutyunyan, SR Vardanyan, VH Kuzanyan, AS Nikoghosyan, VR Kunii, S Winzer, K Wood, KS Gulian, AM TI Laser-powered thermoelectric generators operating at cryogenic temperatures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A thermoelectric generator, operating in a cryostat at liquid helium temperatures, is described. Energy to the generator is supplied via an external laser beam. For this prototype device the associated heat load at permanent operation is comparable with the heat load associated with power delivery via metallic wires. Estimates indicate that still better performance can be enabled with existing thermoelectric materials, thereby far exceeding efficiency of traditional cryostat wiring. We used a prototype generator to produce electric power for measuring critical currents in Nb3Sn-films at 4 K. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Phys Art Frontiers, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. Armenian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), Phys Art Frontiers, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. EM armen.gulian@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 194114 DI 10.1063/1.2131202 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800090 ER PT J AU Ericson, LM Pehrsson, PE AF Ericson, LM Pehrsson, PE TI Aggregation effects on the Raman spectroscopy of dielectrophoretically deposited single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; FABRICATION; FIELD AB The effect of aggregation on surfactant-suspended individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) Raman spectroscopy has been explored in the context of dielectrophoretic separation. The Raman spectra of individual surfactant-suspended HiPco SWNTs deposited on a substrate and the same suspension deposited via dielectrophoresis were compared as a function of iterative aggregation states. The evolution of the samples' radial breathing modes and tangential modes at multiple excitation wavelengths (514, 633, and 785 nm) illustrates a direct correlation between changes in the Raman spectra and a broadening and downshifting of resonance transition energies. Dielectrophoresis samples exhibited Raman changes similar to control samples, indicating characterization of electronic separation is compromised by aggregation effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), NRL Code 6176,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pehrsson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 20276 EP 20280 DI 10.1021/jp052364p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 979QL UT WOS:000232959800033 PM 16853622 ER PT J AU Marquez, VE Choi, Y Comin, MJ Russ, P George, C Huleihel, M Ben-Kasus, T Agbaria, R AF Marquez, VE Choi, Y Comin, MJ Russ, P George, C Huleihel, M Ben-Kasus, T Agbaria, R TI Understanding how the herpes thymidine kinase orchestrates optimal sugar and nucleobase conformations to accommodate its substrate at the active site: A chemical approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; CARBOCYCLIC THYMIDINE; THYMIDYLATE KINASE; GENITAL HERPES; NUCLEOSIDES; INFECTIONS; CELLS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PSEUDOROTATION AB The herpes virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is a critical enzyme for the activation of anti-HSV nucleosides. However, a successful therapeutic outcome depends not only on the activity of this enzyme but also on the ability of the compound(s) to interact effectively with cellular kinases and with the target viral or cellular DNA polymerases. Herein, we describe the synthesis and study of two nucleoside analogues built on a conformationally locked bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template designed to investigate the conformational preferences of HSV-tk for the 2'-deoxyribose ring. Intimately associated with the conformation of the 2'deoxyribose ring is the value of the C-N torsion angle chi, which positions the nucleobase into two different domains (syn or anti). The often-conflicting sugar and nucleobase conformational parameters were studied using North and South methanocarbadeoxythymidine analogues (6 and 7), which forced HSV-tk to make a clear choice in the conformation of the substrate. The results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of this enzyme, which cannot be gleaned from a static X-ray crystal structure. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Canc Res Ctr, Med Chem Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Biotechnol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Virol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Pharmacol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Canc Res Ctr, Med Chem Lab, 376 Boyles St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@dc37a.nci.nih.gov RI Choi, Yongseok/F-8375-2012 OI Choi, Yongseok/0000-0002-3622-3439 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 15145 EP 15150 DI 10.1021/ja053789s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900060 PM 16248655 ER PT J AU Soares, AS Vekhter, Y AF Soares, AS Vekhter, Y TI Experimental methods for measuring accurate high-amplitude phases and their importance in isomorphous replacement experiments SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLET PHASES; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; INTERFERENCE; FEASIBILITY; CRYSTALS; PROTEIN AB Conventional experimental phasing methods are most accurate for moderate-resolution reflections, with progressively greater ambiguity in the phases of reflections away from this optimal point. Frequently, very strong ( usually low-resolution) reflections are either poorly phased or altogether unrecorded. While the spatial frequency of these reflections is predominantly too low to dramatically affect the calculated electron density at an atomic level, they have a dominant impact on the determination of the large-scale distribution of matter in the unit cell. Consequently, while these few strong reflections play only a peripheral role in the latter stages of a structure-determination project, they are crucial to the success of initial phasing and model-building efforts. Here, the pivotal importance of a limited number of strong/low-resolution reflection phases is shown and a procedure to derive these phases is described. The improvement in map correlation coefficients after density modification of a marginal 'starting' MAD data set ( obtained from two Zn atoms at special positions in rhombohedral insulin crystals) was compared with the improvement in map correlation coefficients observed after density modification of an 'expanded' data set obtained by combining a limited number of highly accurate phases measured using three-beam diffraction with the 'starting' MAD data. It is concluded that a small number of high-amplitude/ low-resolution reflections contribute disproportionately to generating an initial structure and it is suggested that a small number of triplet phases could be measured quickly and combined with experimental isomorphous replacement phases in order to move stubborn structures for novel proteins down the structure-solution pathway. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soares, AS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM soares@bnl.gov RI Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014 OI Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP 1521 EP 1527 DI 10.1107/S0907444905027423 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 975RS UT WOS:000232680200011 PM 16239730 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Crum, NF AF Lederman, ER Crum, NF TI Pyogenic liver abscess and occult colon cancer - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; TAIWAN C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 100 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2597 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00305_2.x PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 976ZD UT WOS:000232771300036 ER PT J AU Ni, YS Chan, TC Chao, CC Richards, AL Dasch, GA Ching, WM AF Ni, YS Chan, TC Chao, CC Richards, AL Dasch, GA Ching, WM TI Protection against scrub typhus by a plasmid vaccine encoding the 56-kD outer membrane protein antigen gene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; NORTHERN THAILAND; INBRED MICE; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENS; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; ASSAY AB The 56-kD outer membrane protein of Orientia tsutsttgamushi has previously been shown to be the immunodominant antigen in scrub typhus infections. Its gene was cloned into the DNA vaccine vector pVR1012 as a vaccine candidate (pKarp56). The in vitro expression of this 56-kD antigen by pKarp56 was confirmed in tissue culture by an indirect fluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The initial antibody responses of mice immunized with varied doses of the pKarp56 were barely detected, but increases were observed after each of three subsequent booster immunizations. Although no protection was observed with a single immunization of pKarp56, after four immunizations, 60% of the mice survived a 1,000 x 50% lethal dose (LD50) challenge. These results specifically confirm the importance of the 56-kD protein antigen in protective immunity against O. tsutsttgamushi and demonstrate the feasibility of DNA vaccines for the prevention of scrub typhus. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chingw@nmrc.navy.mil RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 936 EP 941 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 985UR UT WOS:000233404700022 PM 16282307 ER PT J AU Annis, DH AF Annis, DH TI Rethinking the paper helicopter: Combining statistical and engineering knowledge SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; engineering education; experimental design; factorial; nonlinear; quadratic AB Box's paper helicopter has been used to teach experimental design for more than a decade. It is simple, inexpensive, and provides real data for an involved, multifactor experiment. Unfortunately it can also further an all-too-common practice that Professor Box himself has repeatedly cautioned against, namely ignoring the fundamental science while rushing to solve problems that may not be sufficiently understood. Often this slighting of the science so as to get on with the statistics is justified by referring to Box's oft-quoted maxim that "All models are wrong, however some are useful." Nevertheless, what is equally true, to paraphrase both Professor Box and George Orwell, is that "All models are wrong, but some are more wrong than others." To experiment effectively it is necessary to understand the relevant science so as to distinguish between what is usefully wrong, and what is dangerously wrong. This article presents an improved analysis of Box's helicopter problem relying on statistical and engineering knowledge and shows that this leads to an enhanced paper helicopter, requiring fewer experimental trails and achieving superior performance. In fact, of the 20 experimental trials run for validation-10 each of the proposed aerodynamic design and the conventional full factorial optimum-the longest 10 flight times all belong to the aerodynamic optimum, while the shortest 10 all belong to the conventional full factorial optimum. I further discuss how ancillary engineering knowledge can be incorporated into thinking about-and teaching-ex peri mental design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Annis, DH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM annis@nps.edu NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1198/000313005X70777 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 977OD UT WOS:000232812200011 ER PT J AU Escudero, LF Salmeron, J AF Escudero, LF Salmeron, J TI On a fix-and-relax framework for a class of project scheduling problems SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multi-period project management; 0-1 programming; branch-and-bound selective search ID TIME-INDEXED FORMULATIONS AB We consider the following problem: Given a set of projects to be executed along a multi-year time horizon, find a sequencing and scheduling feasible solution that optimizes a merit function. A feasible solution should satisfy availability of storable and non-storable resources with budget carrier and non-carrier periods, and precedence, exclusivity and implication relationships among the projects. This is an NP-hard problem. We present several Fix-and-Relax strategies which partition the set of binary variable into clusters in order to selectively explore the branch-and-bound tree. Computational performance is favorably compared with a state-of-the-art optimization engine over a set of real-life cases. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Ctr Invest Operat, Elche 03202, Spain. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM escudero@umh.es; jsalmero@nps.edu NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 163 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10479-005-3970-8 PG 26 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 987WY UT WOS:000233549500006 ER PT J AU Bach, KK Belafsky, PC Wasylik, K Postma, GN Koufman, JA AF Bach, KK Belafsky, PC Wasylik, K Postma, GN Koufman, JA TI Validity and reliability of the Glottal Function Index SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Triological-Society CY FEB 01-03, 2002 CL PASADENA, CA SP Triol Soc ID THYROPLASTY TYPE-I; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; LIFE V-RQOL; MEDIALIZATION; LARYNGOPLASTY; VALIDATION; DYSPHONIA AB Objective: To evaluate a symptom-focused vocal impairment instrument for the evaluation of patients with voice disorders. Design: Prospective, nomandomized study of patients with voice disorders undergoing treatment with validation of a new symptom index, the Glottal Function Index (GFI). Setting: Voice disorders clinic at an academic tertiary care hospital. Patients: Consecutive patients undergoing therapy for glottal insufficiency, adductor spasmodic dysphonia, nodules, and granuloma (40 patients in each group) and 40 control patients. Interventions: The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate GFI reproducibility and to compare it with the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). The paired-samples t test was used to compare pretherapy and posttherapy GFI values. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation of GFI with VHI; comparison of the GFI in normals, and in pretherapy and posttherapy GFI and VHI scores. Results: The mean +/- SD normative GFI score was 0.87 +/- 1.32. The correlation coefficient for GFI between independent pretherapy measurements was 0.56 (P<001). The correlation coefficient between total GFI and total VHI scores was 0.61 (P<.001). The mean posttherapy GFI scores improved among all groups as follows: glottal insufficiency: presenting GFI score, 12.7 +/- 4.1; posttherapy GFI score, 6.8 +/- 5.4; nodules: presenting GFI score, 12.9 +/- 4.2; posttherapy GFI score, 8.9 +/- 4.6; adductor spasmodic dysphonia: presenting GFI score, 13.2 +/- 4.1; posttherapy GFI score, 8.9 +/- 4.9; and granuloma: presenting GFI score, 7.8 +/- 4.6; posttherapy GFI score, 3.8 +/- 2.1. Relative to controls, the GFI score at presentation was significantly elevated and demonstrated significant reduction following treatment across each of these entities (P<05). Conclusions: The GFI is a reliable, reproducible, 4-item, self-administered symptom index with excellent criterion-based and construct validity. Its advantages over existing indexes include brevity and ease of administration. The GFI is a useful adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of patients with glottal dysfunction. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Ctr Voice Disorders, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Koufman, JA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Ctr Voice Disorders, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkoufman@wfubmc.edu NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 131 IS 11 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1001/archotol.131.11.961 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 983SJ UT WOS:000233252100004 PM 16301366 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA AF Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA TI Posterolateral corner reconstruction of the knee: Surgical technique utilizing a bifid Achilles tendon allograft and a double femoral tunnel SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE posterolateral corner; reconstruction; allograft; popliteus; popliteofibular; lateral collateral ligament C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Sports Med, Med Ctr, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 0 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1400 EP 1400 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.08.024 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 992LO UT WOS:000233885600025 PM 16325097 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA AF Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA TI Posterolateral corner reconstruction of the knee: Surgical technique utilizing a bifid Achilles tendon allograft and a double femoral tunnel SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE posterolateral corner; reconstruction; allograft; popliteus; popliteofibular; lateral collateral ligament ID POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; IN-SITU FORCES; POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; COMPLEX INJURIES; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; DEFICIENT KNEE; STABILITY; INSTABILITY AB Reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the knee has received increased attention in the recent literature. Basic science studies have helped us determine the 3 critical structures of the posterolateral corner: the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), the popliteus tendon, and the popliteofibular ligament. We have developed an anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction that most closely resembles these 3 key structures and is based on the work of previous authors. Our technique is performed using a single Achilles allograft. The bone plug is secured in a femoral tunnel at the anatomic attachment of the popliteus tendon with an interference screw. The Achilles tendon is then split approximately I to 2 cm distal to the bone plug into 2 segments: (1) the popliteofibular ligament portion that is passed through a fibular tunnel starting at the anatomic attachment of popliteofibular ligament and fixed with a biointerference screw and (2) the static portion of the popliteus tendon securing this through a tibial tunnel passed from posterior to anterior right at the musculotendinous junction of the popliteus. The anterior limb of the Achilles tendon exiting the fibula is then brought back around, secured to the fibular attachment of the LCL with a suture anchor, and is then passed through a separate femoral tunnel placed at the anatomic attachment of the LCL. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 AR 1400.e1 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.08.024 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 992LO UT WOS:000233885600026 ER PT J AU Anderson, SF Haggard, D Homer, L Joshi, NR Margon, B Silvestri, NM Szkody, P Wolfe, MA Agol, E Becker, AC Henden, A Hall, PB Knapp, GR Richmond, MW Schneider, DP Stinson, G Barentine, JC Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Anderson, SF Haggard, D Homer, L Joshi, NR Margon, B Silvestri, NM Szkody, P Wolfe, MA Agol, E Becker, AC Henden, A Hall, PB Knapp, GR Richmond, MW Schneider, DP Stinson, G Barentine, JC Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA TI Ultracompact AM Canum Venaticorum binaries from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Three candidates plus the first confirmed eclipsing system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : eclipsing; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SDSS J092638.71+362402.4); white dwarfs ID X-RAY; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; WHITE-DWARFS; SPACED DATA; PERIOD; STARS; J0806.3+1527; RELEASE; DONORS AB AMCVn systems are a rare ( about a dozen previously known) class of cataclysmic variables, arguably encompassing the shortest orbital periods ( down to about 10 minutes) of any known binaries. Both binary components are thought to be degenerate ( or partially so), likely with mass transfer from a helium-rich donor onto a white dwarf, driven by gravitational radiation. Although rare, AM CVn systems are of high interest as possible Type Ia supernova progenitors and because they are predicted to be common sources of gravity waves in upcoming experiments such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. We have identified four new AM CVn candidates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectral database. All four show hallmark spectroscopic characteristics of the AM CVn class: each is devoid of hydrogen features and instead shows a spectrum dominated by helium. All four show double-peaked emission, indicative of helium-dominated accretion disks. Limited time series CCD photometric follow-up data have been obtained for three of the new candidates from the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope; most notably, a 28.3 minute binary period with sharp, deep eclipses is discovered in one case, SDSS J0926+3624. This is the first confirmed eclipsing AM CVn, and our data allow initial estimates of binary parameters for this ultracompact system. The four new SDSS objects also provide a substantial expansion of the current critically small sample of AM CVn systems. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. RP Anderson, SF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM anderson@astro.washington.edu RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013 OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 43 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2236 DI 10.1086/491587 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900021 ER PT J AU Rappazzo, AF Velli, M Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB AF Rappazzo, AF Velli, M Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB TI Diamagnetic and expansion effects on the observable properties of the slow solar wind in a coronal streamer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES; DEPENDENT BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; SHEAR-LAYER; EVOLUTION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; MODEL AB The plasma density enhancements recently observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft have sparked considerable interest. In our previous theoretical study of the formation and initial motion of these density enhancements it is found that beyond the helmet cusp of a coronal streamer the magnetized wake configuration is resistively unstable, that a traveling magnetic island develops at the center of the streamer, and that density enhancements occur within the magnetic islands. As the massive magnetic island travels outward, both its speed and width increase. The island passively traces the acceleration of the inner part of the wake. In the present paper a few spherical geometry effects are included, taking into account both the radial divergence of the magnetic field lines and the average expansion undergone by a parcel of plasma propagating outward, using the expanding box model (EBM), and the diamagnetic force due to the overall magnetic field radial gradients, the so-called melon-seed force. It is found that the values of the acceleration and density contrasts can be in good agreement with LASCO observations, provided the spherical divergence of the magnetic lines starts beyond a critical distance from the Sun and the initial stage of the formation and acceleration of the plasmoid is due to the Cartesian evolution of MHD instabilities. This result provides a constraint on the topology of the magnetic field in the coronal streamer. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Rappazzo, AF (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Torricelli 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM rappazzo@df.unipi.it; marco.velli@jpl.nasa.gov; einaudi@df.unipi.it; rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 474 EP 488 DI 10.1086/431916 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500049 ER PT J AU Cook, JW Newmark, JS Altrock, RC AF Cook, JW Newmark, JS Altrock, RC TI Comparison of the sacramento peak Fe xiv index with a model index computed from differential emission measure maps SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; CORONAGRAPH OBSERVATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; SOLAR CORONA; IRRADIANCE; SOHO; ANGSTROM; MINIMUM; CHIANTI; SEARCH AB We compare the Sacramento Peak Fe xiv 5303 angstrom green line index with a model index time series for the period of operations of the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), covering the years 1996 - 2002, from cycle minimum past the peak of the current activity cycle 23. We compute a differential emission measure (DEM) map for each day using images from the four channels of EIT at 171, 195, 284, and 304 angstrom. From the daily DEM map we then calculate a daily synthetic Fe xiv 5303 angstrom intensity image. The Sacramento Peak index is an average intensity, measured using a circular aperture 1.'2 in diameter, sampling the off-limb corona in 3 degrees steps around disk center. It is taken at several different heights beyond the daily white light limb. We modeled the daily index values, for the aperture center at 1.15 and 1.25 R-circle dot from disk center, as the weighted average intensity within an annulus covering 1.11 - 1.19 and 1.21 - 1.29 R-circle dot superposed on the daily synthetic intensity image. We compare the observed index with our model results and find a high correlation of the short-term values but a long-term systematic difference in the absolute values. We examine the accuracy of the respective calibrations and argue that the model results, based on the calibration of the EIT images used to produce the daily DEM maps, are more plausible in absolute value. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.cook@nrl.navy.mil; newmark@nrl.navy.mil; altrock@nso.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1086/444556 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500052 ER PT J AU Stamper, DM Krzycki, JA Nicomrat, D Traina, SJ Tuovinen, OH AF Stamper, DM Krzycki, JA Nicomrat, D Traina, SJ Tuovinen, OH TI Ring-cleaving cyanuric acid amidohydrolase activity in the atrazine-mineralizing Ralstonia basilensis M91-3 SO BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article DE amidohydrolase; atrazine; biuret; cyanuric acid; Ralstonia basilensis; s-triazine ID SOIL BACTERIAL ISOLATE; S-TRIAZINES; DEGRADATION; CLEAVAGE AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the cyanuric acid amidohydrolase reaction in Ralstonia basilensis M91-3, an atrazine-mineralizing soil bacterium. This ring fission reaction is the last aromatic step in the degradative pathway of atrazine and other s-triazines. The products and molar stoichiometry of the cyanuric acid amidohydrolase reaction were one mol biuret (H2N center dot CO center dot NH center dot CO center dot NH2) and one mol CO2 per mol cyanuric acid hydrolyzed, as confirmed by C-13-NMR and gas chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters were also characterized for the purified enzyme. The native enzyme had two forms of different sizes, 204 kDa and 160 kDa. Each was a tetramer or pentamer of 44 kDa and 33 kDa, respectively. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NAVSEA Warfar Ctr, Biol Sci Grp, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95433 USA. RP Tuovinen, OH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tuovinen.1@osu.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2422 J9 BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR JI Biocatal. Biotransform. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1080/10242420500372260 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 003JO UT WOS:000234678100001 ER PT J AU Myers, JN O'Neil, KM Walsh, TE Hoffmeister, KJ Venzon, DJ Johnson, BE AF Myers, JN O'Neil, KM Walsh, TE Hoffmeister, KJ Venzon, DJ Johnson, BE TI The pulmonary status of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer 15 years after treatment with chemotherapy and chest irradiation SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; oncology; pulmonary function test; radiology; toxicity ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; RADIATION-THERAPY; THORACIC RADIOTHERAPY; HODGKINS-DISEASE; FUNCTION TESTS; FOLLOW-UP; TOXICITY; SURVIVAL; INJURY; PNEUMONITIS AB Study objectives: To describe pulmonary symptoms, signs, pulmonary function, and lung imaging studies in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 2 to 15 years after receiving treatment with chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy. Design: Retrospective review of clinical records and radiographic studies of patients treated in three different prospective combined-modality studies. Setting: Federal hospital. Patients: One hundred fifty-six patients with SCLC who were enrolled between 1974 and 1994. Interventions: Patients with limited-stage SCLC treated on prospective therapeutic studies of combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy were identified. Pulmonary symptoms, physical findings, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas measurements, and chest imaging studies were assessed at baseline, and at I to 2 years, at 3 to 5 years, and at > 5 years following the initiation of treatment. Measurements and results: Initial symptoms included cough in 84 (55%), dyspnea in 59 (39%), and sputum production in 26 (17%). Twenty-three patients lived beyond 5 years (15%) without evidence of recurrence. Seven of these 5-year survivors were without pulmonary symptoms. Pulmonary function test results showed no significant changes in percent predicted values for FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio over the time periods reviewed. The percent predicted values for the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide decreased from 71% before the start of treatment to 56% (p < 0.032) at I to 2 years. Values improved in most patients beyond 5),Cars after starting treatment. Radiologist interpretations of chest imaging studies were available for 17 of 23 patients surviving > 5),cars. Most patients had minimal to no changes in imaging study findings beyond 5 years. Conclusions: Long-term survivors with limited-stage SCLC who were treated with combined chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy have minimal changes in pulmonary symptoms or function from 5 to 15 years after the start of treatment. A concern for late toxicity from combined-modality therapy should not dissuade clinicians from offering therapy with potentially curative result with minimal to no pulmonary dysfunction. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Pulm Crit Care, Div Hematol Oncol, Bethesda, MD USA. Montgomery Cty Dept Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Adult Oncol, Lowe Ctr Thorac Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Myers, JN (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM JMyers@usuhs.mil RI Venzon, David/B-3078-2008 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2005 VL 128 IS 5 BP 3261 EP 3268 DI 10.1378/chest.128.5.3261 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 987HG UT WOS:000233508400026 PM 16304271 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Trock, B Cohen, P Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Trock, B Cohen, P Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Terris, MK CA Shared Equal Regional Canc Hosp TI Racial differences in prognostic value of adult height for biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-MASS INDEX; CANCER RISK; IGF-I; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES AB Purpose: Adult height, as a surrogate of childhood and adolescent hormone activity and diet, has been associated with the risk for development and death from prostate cancer in predominantly White populations. However, hormonal activity and diets vary between races. We examined whether height was significantly associated with biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy and whether there was an interaction between height and race. Experimental Design: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine if height significantly predicted biochemical progression among 1,503 men (450 Black and 1,053 White) treated with radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2003. We examined for possible interactions between height and race. Results:Taller men (> 175.3 cm) were significantly younger (P = 0.001), treated in more recent years (P = 0.02), had more clinical stageT(1) disease (P = 0.001), and were less likely to have extraprostatic extension (P = 0.02) than shorter men (<= 175.3 cm). Height was not significantly related to race, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations, biopsy or pathologic Gleason sum, positive surgical margins, seminal vesicle invasion, or lymph node metastasis. Height was significantly associated with progression among Black men [relative risk (RR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.00-2.79] but not among White men (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.77-1.38). The interaction between race and height for predicting biochemical progression was statistically significant (P-interaction = 0-05). Conclusions: There was an interaction between height and race in that height predicted progression for Black men but not for White men. The explanation for these findings is unclear, although lower insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 concentrations among Black men may be involved. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938]; NIA NIH HHS [R01AG20954]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD047013] NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 21 BP 7735 EP 7742 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0785 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 984VC UT WOS:000233331400021 PM 16278394 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ McGettrick, A AF Denning, PJ McGettrick, A TI Recentering computer science SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; Andrew.McGettrick@cis.strath.ac.uk NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 2005 VL 48 IS 11 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1145/1096000.1096018 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 977EA UT WOS:000232784000011 ER PT J AU Ilghami, O Nau, DS Munoz-Avila, H Aha, DW AF Ilghami, O Nau, DS Munoz-Avila, H Aha, DW TI Learning preconditions for planning from plan traces and HTN structure SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE HTN planning; learning; candidate elimination; version spaces ID VERSION SPACES; ARCHITECTURE; COMPLEXITY; PRODIGY AB A great challenge in developing planning systems for practical applications is the difficulty of acquiring the domain information needed to guide such systems. This paper describes a way to learn some of that knowledge. More specifically, the following points are discussed. (1) We introduce a theoretical basis for formally defining algorithms that learn preconditions for Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) methods. (2) We describe Candidate Elimination Method Learner (CaMeL), a supervised, eager, and incremental learning process for preconditions of HTN methods. We state and prove theorems about CaMeL's soundness, completeness, and convergence properties. (3) We present empirical results about CaMeL's convergence under various conditions. Among other things, CaMeL converges the fastest on the preconditions of the HTN methods that are needed the most often. Thus CaMeL's output can be useful even before it has fully converged. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-7935 EI 1467-8640 J9 COMPUT INTELL-US JI Comput. Intell. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 388 EP 413 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2005.00279.x PG 26 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 969LN UT WOS:000232235800004 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fang, CL Kim, CS AF Chu, PC Fang, CL Kim, CS TI Japan/East Sea model predictability SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Science Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Geophys Union ID P-VECTOR METHOD; THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE; CIRCULATION AB Three major input uncertainties (initial velocity field, open boundary conditions, and atmospheric forcing) limit the ocean modeling capability. The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) implemented to the Japan/East Sea (JES) is used to investigate the ocean predictability due to the input uncertainties. Two-step (pre-simulation and simulation) initialization is used to obtain "standard initial velocity". Twelve experiments are conducted with one control run and 11 sensitivity runs. The control run is to integrate POM-JES from the "standard initial velocity" with the lateral transport (unperturbed) and the daily surface wind stress, net heat flux, and fresh-water flux interpolated from the COADS monthly mean data (unperturbed). The sensitivity runs are to integrate POM-JES with replaced initial velocity fields (with or without diagnostic initialization), and noisy winds and lateral boundary transports. Model uncertainty due to uncertain input data (initial velocity, winds, and lateral boundary transport) is significant. Level independent relative root mean square error for the whole JES is 0.2-0.5 for uncertain initial velocity field, 0.19 for uncertain surface winds with 0.5m/s noise, and 0.20 for uncertain lateral transport with 5% noise. The maximum level dependent relative root mean square error reaches 0.6 at the surface for uncertain winds (0.5 m/s noise), and 0.18 at the bottom for uncertain lateral transport (5% noise). Model uncertainty reduces with time for uncertain initial velocity field, oscillates with an evident error growing trend for uncertain winds, and oscillates with no evident error growing trend for uncertain lateral transport. Furthermore, there is no difference using and not using the diagnostic (velocity) initialization and no difference in choosing periods (30-90 days) for diagnostic initialization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan 425170, South Korea. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 17 BP 2107 EP 2121 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.03.006 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 991GO UT WOS:000233800600005 ER PT J AU Bloom, DC Goldfarb, PM AF Bloom, DC Goldfarb, PM TI The role of intratumour therapy with electroporation and bleomycin in the management of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck SO EJSO LA English DT Article DE electroporation; bleomycin; head and neck cancer ID ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER; TUMORS AB Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of electroporation with bleomycin in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods: Two open-Label, multicenter, single-arm Phase 11 studies of intratumour electroporation therapy. Sixty-two patients with 86 squamous cell carcinoma tumours of the head and neck were enrolled. Twenty-five patients were treated with bleomycin atone. Fifty-four patients (17 initially treated with bleomycin alone) were treated with electroporation and bleomycin therapy. Local tumour response was measured. Results: In the bleomycin alone group, one tumour showed a partial response and 36 tumours showed no response to treatment. In the bleomycin with electroporation groups, 17 tumours showed complete response, 22 tumours showed partial response and 30 failed to achieve more than a 50% reduction in tumour size (no response). Bleomycin with electroporation had a significantly (p < 0.001) greater number of patients showing a partial or complete response to the therapy when compared to bleomycin alone. Thirteen adverse events were reported which included five episodes of local Needing, six local infections, one Local, tongue swelling and one cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusions: Fifty-seven percent of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck demonstrated a partial or complete response to intratumour electroporation with bleomycin suggesting that further work investigating its use as a treatment for local control, of these lesions should be pursued. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inovio Biomed Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Goldfarb, PM (reprint author), Inovio Biomed Corp, 11494 Sorrento Valley Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM dcbloom@mar.med.navy.mil; goldfarb@inovio.com NR 17 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0748-7983 J9 EJSO JI EJSO PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.04.007 PG 7 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 993LX UT WOS:000233956700017 PM 16150565 ER PT J AU Chaturvedi, A Mehta, S Dolk, D Ayer, R AF Chaturvedi, A Mehta, S Dolk, D Ayer, R TI Agent-based simulation for computational experimentation: Developing an artificial labor market SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE artificial intelligence; decision support systems; simulation; modelling systems and languages; economics ID ARMY AB This paper discusses the creation of an artificial labor market (ALM) as an agent-based simulation model. We trace the development of the ALM by adapting the traditional simulation life cycle into two main parts: the model phase and the simulation phase. In the modeling phase of the life cycle, we focus upon agent representation and specification within the virtual world. In the simulation phase, we discuss the use of scenario planning as the experimentation vehicle. Throughout, we use military recruit market as an example to illustrate the methodology. The benefits of the ALM are (1) it provides a virtual world for continuous computational experimentation, (2) it supports market segmentation by allowing "drilldowns" to finer and finer levels of granularity, and (3) when connected via a common OLAP interface to a "real world" counterpart, it facilitates a tightly integrated, persistent, "sense and respond" decision support functionality. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Purdue Univ, Krannert Sch Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USA, Access Command, Ft Knox, KY USA. RP Dolk, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM drdolk@nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 166 IS 3 BP 694 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.03.040 PG 23 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 931PT UT WOS:000229498000007 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, CE TI A classic chase problem solved from a physics perspective SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The trajectory, travel time and relative approach velocity of a pursuer tracking a prey along a simple curve of pursuit are deduced using basic principles of two-dimensional kinematics. While such curves are well known in the mathematics literature, little attention has been paid to this problem by the physics educational community, despite the fact that it has abundant physical applications. It also makes an interesting alternative to the traditional problems of introductory kinematics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 985 EP 990 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/26/6/005 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 987NB UT WOS:000233523500015 ER PT J AU Monastero, FC Katzenstein, AM Miller, JS Unruh, JR Adams, MC Richards-Dinger, K AF Monastero, FC Katzenstein, AM Miller, JS Unruh, JR Adams, MC Richards-Dinger, K TI The Coso geothermal field: A nascent metamorphic core complex SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE metamorphic core complex; brittle-ductile transition; geothermal; eastern California; transtension ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA BLOCK; INDIAN WELLS VALLEY; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; PULL-APART BASINS; VOLCANIC FIELD; DEATH-VALLEY; GREAT-BASIN AB Investigation of the Coso Range using seismicity, gravity, and geochemistry of rocks and fluids, supports the interpretation that the structure hosting the geothermal resource is a nascent metamorphic core complex. The structural setting is a releasing bend in a dextral strike-slip system that extends from the Indian Wells Valley northward into the Owens Valley. This tectonic setting results in NW-directed transtension, which is accommodated by normal and strike-slip faulting of the brittle upper 4-6 km of the crust, and shearing and ductile stretching below this depth, accompanied by shallow igneous intrusions. Focal mechanisms of some small earthquakes that have occurred from 1996 to the present beneath the Coso Range exhibit depth-dependent rotation of seismic P and T axes, indicating that the local orientations of the principal stresses likely favor resolved shear stress on low-angle faults. These small earthquakes occur near the base of seismicity, which we interpret as coincident with the brittle-ductile transition. Geochemical results show a significant asthenospheric influence in the isotopic composition of rocks and fluids, indicating that the crust is thinned within the Coso structure. Thinned upper crust is underlain by a more dense matic body at depths of 10 km or less. This is consistent with observed gravity anomalies and models. The matic body may represent cumulates left over from the fractional crystallization of rhyolite, which occurs as endogenous domes at Coso, or it could be a sheeted-dike complex in the upper mid-crustal area. Transtension began at 2-3 Ma, and continues today. Using a long-term crustal deformation rate of 2 mm/yr, we infer that the basal detachment fault commonly observed in fully exhumed metamorphic core complexes will reach the surface in two to four million years. C1 USN, Air Weapons Stn, Geothermal Programs Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. William Lettis & Associates, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. USN, Air Weapons Stn, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Air Weapons Stn, Geothermal Programs Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM francis.monastero@navy.mil NR 108 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 11-12 BP 1534 EP 1553 DI 10.1130/B25600.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 981FH UT WOS:000233072400011 ER PT J AU Hodgson, W Kaplan, KJ Rodriguez, M McHale, MT Rose, GS Elkas, JC AF Hodgson, W Kaplan, KJ Rodriguez, M McHale, MT Rose, GS Elkas, JC TI The impact of converting to liquid-based cervical cytology in a military population SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liquid-based cytology; unsatisfactory; squamous intraepithelial lesion; conventional cytology; atypical glandular cells; pap smear ID CONVENTIONAL PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; ADEQUACY; SYSTEM; TRIAL AB Objective. The liquid-based cytology Pap test was adopted as the exclusive collection method for cervical cytology in military treatment facilities within the National Capital Area in 2001. We sought to determine the impact of converting from conventional to liquid-based cervical cytology. Methods. A retrospective population -based study was performed to analyze the cervical cytology results from the National Capital Area for fiscal years 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2003. Using a computer database, the results of 78,738 conventional and 76,675 liquid-based cervico-vaginal cytology examinations were reviewed. All cytology samples during the study period were collected with the same collection device and were processed in a single laboratory. Results. An increase of 116% (P < 0.005) in the mean rate of LSIL detection and a 38% (P < 0.005) increase ill HSIL detection were noted with conversion to liquid-based cytology. A 65% (P < 0.005) decrease in the mean rate of atypical glandular cell detection was also observed. However, a mean increase of 46% (P < 0.005) per year was noted in the unsatisfactory rate with conversion to liquid-based cytology. The incidence of cervical carcinoma did not change during the study period. Conclusions. Consistent with previous reports, conversion front conventional to liquid-based Pap testing ill this Population resulted in a significant increase in the detection rates of both LSIL and HSIL. Contrary to earlier studies, we noted an almost 50% increase in the number of unsatisfactory samples after conversion. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential etiology of these findings to include the role of collection devices. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Elkas, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM john.elka@na.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 99 IS 2 BP 422 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.046 PG 5 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 981YO UT WOS:000233124100029 PM 16109441 ER PT J AU Conklin, WC Liotta, PL AF Conklin, WC Liotta, PL TI Radiological threat assessment and the federal response plan - A gap analysis SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE National Council on Radiation Protection and; Measurements; terrorism; accidents; handling; radiation protection AB The ability of the federal government to effectively and efficiently respond to nuclear or radiological terrorist attacks has been the subject of intense discussion and analysis for many years. Because of recent terrorist activities and intelligence information, there is strong sentiment that it is not a question of if, but when, a radiological or nuclear terrorist attack will occur. As a result, there is considerable concern that the federal government may not be adequately prepared to respond to an attack involving a radiological dispersal device or improvised nuclear device. In response to these concerns, federal departments and agencies have initiated actions to develop a better understanding of the magnitude of the radiological/nuclear terrorist threat, assess the ability of the federal government to support state and local responses to such attacks, and improve the Nation's ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from these types of attacks. In an era of limited fiscal growth and competing priorities, the federal government will have to enhance its collaboration with state and local governments, the private sector, and academia to ensure that the Nation is capable of responding to a terrorist attack involving radioactive or nuclear material. C1 NPTS Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Washington, DC 20472 USA. USN, Armed Forces Med Intelligence Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Conklin, WC (reprint author), NPTS Fed Emergency Management Agcy, 500 C St SW, Washington, DC 20472 USA. EM craig.conklin@dhs.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000178546.37526.c8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 973KI UT WOS:000232521000006 PM 16217189 ER PT J AU MacIntyre, B Livingston, MA AF MacIntyre, B Livingston, MA TI Moving mixed reality into the real world SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP MacIntyre, B (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM blair@cc.gatech.edu; mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil RI MacIntyre, Blair/A-7207-2012 OI MacIntyre, Blair/0000-0002-5357-2366 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 6 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1109/MCG.2005.132 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 977RT UT WOS:000232821600005 PM 16315473 ER PT J AU Deeds, MA Sandborn, PA AF Deeds, MA Sandborn, PA TI MOEMS chip-level optical fiber interconnect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article DE fluxless; hermetic; indium solder; microelectromechanical system (MEMS); microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS); optical fiber; package; reliability ID HERMETICITY; SYSTEMS; SWITCH AB A package design, fabrication process, and assembly process to hermetically seal the microstructure area of a microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) at the chip level is presented and evaluated. The packaged chip is fabricated using the Bosch deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates. The packaging structures are formed during the batch fabrication of the MOEMS device. A hermetic seal is formed via an indium solder ring around the perimeter of the MOEMS chip that span channels etched in the silicon for optical fibers. The seal is made between the device chip, metallized optical fibers, and a cap chip with a fluxless soldering process. The integrity of the package is evaluated through die shear, fiber pull, and highly accelerated life testing (HALT). C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Deeds, MA (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2005.858340 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 984EE UT WOS:000233284500011 ER PT J AU Toporkov, JV Perkovic, D Farquharson, G Sletten, MA Frasier, SJ AF Toporkov, JV Perkovic, D Farquharson, G Sletten, MA Frasier, SJ TI Sea surface velocity vector retrieval using dual-beam interferometry: First demonstration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE along-track interferometry; ocean surface currents; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; ROUGH SURFACES; CURRENTS AB The dual-beam interferometer consists of two interferometric synthetic aperture radars (InSARs), one squinted at 20 degrees forward of broadside, and the other 20 degrees aft, to allow measurement of vector surface velocity with only a single aircraft pass. Estimates of surface velocity vectors in the coastal region during high tidal How are presented. The data were gathered over the barrier islands west of Fort Myers, FL, as part of a March 2004 deployment. Whereas no detailed bathymetry data were available, high-quality aerial photography appears to be a useful tool in inferring bottom topography and possible current obstructions. The retrieved velocity field clearly follows the expected outflow pattern. While comparisons with tidal current magnitudes predicted by the U.S. National Ocean Service do reveal discrepancies of up to 0.5 m/s, these differences are most likely due to the contribution of ocean surface waves to the overall InSAR velocity measurement. Velocity retrievals for the same area based on the data from different tracks show good consistency. The results constitute the first demonstration of vector retrieval of the surface velocity field with a single-pass InSAR system and confirm the robustness of the dual-beam interferometry principle. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil; mark.sletten@nrl.navy.mil RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2494 EP 2502 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.848603 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 979KU UT WOS:000232941700009 ER PT J AU Given, JA Schmidt, WR AF Given, JA Schmidt, WR TI Generalized ISAR - Part I: An optimal method for imaging large naval vessels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR); radar cross section; radar signal analysis; radar signal processing ID MANEUVERING TARGETS AB We describe a generalized inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) process that performs well under a wide variety of conditions common to the naval ISAR tests of large vessels. In particular, the generalized ISAR process performs well in the presence of moderate intensity ship roll. The process maps localized scatterers; onto peaks on the ISAR plot. However, in a generalized ISAR plot, each of the two coordinates of a peak is a fixed linear combination of the three ship coordinates of the scatterer causing the peak. Combining this process with interferometry will then provide high-accuracy three-dimensional location of the important scatterers on a ship. We show that ISAR can be performed in the presence of simultaneous roll and aspect change, provided the two Doppler rates are not too close in magnitude. We derive the equations needed for generalized ISAR, both roll driven and aspect driven, and test them against simulations performed in a variety of conditions, including large roll amplitudes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Angle Inc, Springfield, VA 22054 USA. RP Given, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1783 EP 1791 DI 10.1109/TIP.2005.857283 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 977HP UT WOS:000232794300012 PM 16279179 ER PT J AU Given, JA Schmidt, WR AF Given, JA Schmidt, WR TI Generalized ISAR - Part II: Interferometric techniques for three-dimensional location of scatterers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE interferometry; inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR); radar cross section; radar signal analysis; radar signal processing AB This paper is the second part of a study dedicated to optimizing diagnostic inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) studies of large naval vessels. The method developed here provides accurate determination of the position of important radio-frequency scatterers by combining accurate knowledge of ship position and orientation with specialized signal processing. The method allows for the simultaneous presence of substantial Doppler returns from both change of roll angle and change of aspect angle by introducing generalized ISAR ates. The first paper provides two modes of interpreting ISAR plots, one valid when roll Doppler is dominant, the other valid when the aspect angle Doppler is dominant. Here, we provide, for each type of ISAR plot technique, a corresponding interferometric ISAR (InSAR) technique. The former, aspect-angle dominated InSAR, is a generalization of standard InSAR; the latter, roll-angle dominated InSAR, seems to be new to this work. Both methods are shown to be efficient at identifying localized scatterers under simulation conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Angle Inc, Springfield, VA 22054 USA. RP Given, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1792 EP 1797 DI 10.1109/TIP.2005.857285 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 977HP UT WOS:000232794300013 PM 16279180 ER PT J AU Engel, TG Nunnally, WC Neri, JM AF Engel, TG Nunnally, WC Neri, JM TI High-efficiency, medium-caliber helical coil electromagnetic launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE coilguns; electromagnetic launching; pulse power systems AB Research progress in the development of a 40 mm x 750 mm helical-coil electromagnetic launcher (HCEL) is presented and discussed. Significant technical problems that have been solved in this research include efficient stator commutation methods and the ability to simultaneously implement high-inductance gradient armatures. The HCEL is able to launch a 525-gram projectile to a velocity of 140 m/s. Power for the HCEL is derived from a 62.5 kJ sequentially fired pulse forming network (PFN) of 900 V (maximum) electrolytic capacitors. The experimentally measured HCEL efficiency of 18.2% is substantially greater than a conventional or augmented railgun of similar scale (i.e., equivalent mass, bore-size, and velocity). The HCEL's high launch efficiencies result from its 150 mu H/m inductance gradient, which is approximately 300 times greater than the inductance gradient of a conventional railgun. HCEL computer model predictions are given and compared to experimentally measured HCEL and PFN parameters including peak current, inductance gradient, acceleration time, parasitic mass ratios, and electrical-to-kinetic conversion efficiency. Scaling relationships for the HCEL are also presented and used to predict launcher operation at higher velocity and with a larger diameter bore size. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 BP 4299 EP 4303 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.857900 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 983WW UT WOS:000233264000012 ER PT J AU Gabriel, JR Kay, SM AF Gabriel, JR Kay, SM TI On the relationship between the GLRT and UMPI tests for the detection of signals with unknown parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE generalized likelihood ratio test; hypothesis testing; invariance; signal detection ID SUBSPACE DETECTORS; ADAPTIVE DETECTION; GAUSSIAN NOISE; CFAR DETECTION; COVARIANCE AB The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is widely used in signal processing applications such as image processing, wireless communications, medical imaging, classification, and signal detection. However, the GLRT does not have many known properties, other than that it is invariant, uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) for problems that fit the linear model, and asymptotically (N -> infinity) UMPI in general. Since it is invariant, it belongs to the class of tests for which the UMPI test is optimal. In this paper, we consider a general class of detection problems in which unknown signal parameters imply a problem invariance that can be described analytically by orthogonal subgroups. This invariance is natural for problems with unknown signal parameters and, for example, include those of the matched subspace detectors of Scharf and Friedlander. We derive the GLRT and UMPI detectors for this general signal class for the case of Gaussian noise. An expression is found that relates the two test statistics showing the UMPI statistic to be the sum of two terms, one of which is the GLRT. Using this, we find that the GLRT and UMPI tests are asymptotically equivalent as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity (or as probability of false alarm approaches zero). These results are illustrated by extending an example given by Nicolls and de Jager to show the analytic relationship between the GLRT and UMPI tests. The results indicate that the performance between the tests becomes close at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) associated with operating points of the receiver operating curve that are typically of interest in signal detection applications. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Combat Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Gabriel, JR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Combat Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM gabrieljr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; kay@ele.uri.edu NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 4194 EP 4203 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.857043 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 977YH UT WOS:000232838900013 ER PT J AU Amin, A AF Amin, A TI Stability of thick film piezoresistors under large pressure cycles at elevated temperature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-GAUGE AB The resistance change of ruthenium based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thick film resistors with hydrostatic pressure exhibits excellent linearity, no hysteresis, a small temperature dependency, and an order of magnitude greater sensitivity than the longitudinal mode. The effect of long-term 10(6) hydrostatic pressure cycles (0 to similar to 21 MPa) at 135 degrees C on response linearity, sensitivity (span), and the resistance at zero pressure R-o (offset) have been established for a commercial MIM composition. No change in linearity, sensitivity, and offset was observed Up to 10(4) cycles. After 10(6) cycles the offset and sensitivity changed by less than 1% and 0.5%, respectively. Other parameters remained unchanged. The results are analyzed in terms of conduction models of this system. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1894 EP 1896 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1561656 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 988SJ UT WOS:000233620700001 PM 16422399 ER PT J AU Plumb, J Larson, KM White, J Powers, E AF Plumb, J Larson, KM White, J Powers, E TI Absolute calibration of a geodetic time transfer system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB An absolute calibration technique is developed for geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. An uncertainty budget for the system (receiver, cables, connectors, antenna) is evaluated, yielding 1.1 ns at each frequency, and 1.6 ns for a two-receiver experiment. Analysis of data on a short baseline yields 0.8 and 1.2 ns agreement on P1 and P2, respectively. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Plumb, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristine.larson@colorado.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1904 EP 1911 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1561658 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 988SJ UT WOS:000233620700003 PM 16422401 ER PT J AU Kang, TJ Fenton, MJ Weiner, MA Hibbs, S Basu, S Baillie, L Cross, AS AF Kang, TJ Fenton, MJ Weiner, MA Hibbs, S Basu, S Baillie, L Cross, AS TI Murine macrophages kill the vegetative form of Bacillus anthracis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CEREUS SPORES; LETHAL FACTOR; GERH OPERON; L-ALANINE; GERMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXOSPORIUM; VACCINES; ENDOSPORES; PROTEINS AB Anti-protective antigen antibody was reported to enhance macrophage killing of ingested Bacillus anthracis spores, but it was unclear whether the anti body-mediated macrophage killing mechanism was directed against the spore itself or the vegetative form emerging from the ingested and germinating spore. To address this question, we compared the killing of germination-proficient (gp) and germination-deficient (Delta gerH) Sterne 34F2 strain spores by murine peritoneal macrophages. While macrophages similarly ingested both spores, only gp Sterne was killed at 5 h (0.37 log kill). Pretreatment of macrophages with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or opsonization with immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from a subject immunized with an anthrax vaccine enhanced the killing of Sterne to 0.49 and 0.73 log, respectively, but the combination of IFN-gamma and IgG was no better than either treatment alone. Under no condition was there killing of Delta gerH spores. To examine the ability of the exosporium to protect spores from macrophages, we compared the macrophage-mediated killing of nonsonicated (exosporium(+)) and sonicated (exosporium(-)) Sterne 34F2 spores. More sonicated spores than nonsonicated spores were killed at 5 h (0.98 versus 0.37 log kill, respectively). Pretreatment with IFN-gamma increased the sonicated spore killing to 1.39 log. However, the opsonization with IgG was no better than no treatment or pretreatment with IFN-gamma. We conclude that macrophages appear unable to kill the spore form of B. anthracis and that the exosporium may play a role in the protection of spores from macrophages. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bio Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Cross, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Sch Med, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 1-480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM across@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI059093, U54 AI057168, U54 AI-057168, R21 AI-059093] NR 36 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 11 BP 7495 EP 7501 DI 10.1128/IAI.11.7495-7501.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 977WI UT WOS:000232833800051 PM 16239551 ER PT J AU Niewoehner, RJ Filbey, J AF Niewoehner, RJ Filbey, J TI Computational study of F/A-18 E/F abrupt wing stall in the approach configuration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 06-09, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This computational study evaluated lateral instabilities observed during developmental testing of the preproduction F/A-18E/F in the power-approach configuration. These instabilities, described here as abrupt wing stall (AWS), occurred whenever the airplane exceeded 12-deg angle of attack. The AWS was quickly corrected in flight test by the closure of a vent at the wing root, without understanding its physical cause or cure. Computational solutions with both the vent open and closed provide insight into the likely cause of the instability, revealing two distinctive flow topologies. Specifically, all F/A-18 Hornet models depend upon strong vortex flows from the leading-edge extension (LEX) to provide lift at elevated angle of attack. Flow through the open vent displaces the LEX vortex core inboard and up off the wing's upper surface. This displacement dramatically weakens the flow stability over the wing's entire upper surface. Wind-tunnel studies performed in parallel by another researcher provide quantitative corroboration of the computational solutions. Finally, computational-fluid-dynamics metrics developed within the NASA/Navy/Industry AWS program are applied to determine their validity at this low-speed flight condition and modified to enhance their viability as predictive tools for AWS prone configurations. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Niewoehner, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1522 DI 10.2514/1.12406 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 991WV UT WOS:000233846200016 ER PT J AU Amin, A Cross, LE AF Amin, A Cross, LE TI Elasticity of high coupling relaxor-ferroelectric lead zinc niobate-lead titanate crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION ROTATION; MONOCLINIC PHASE; SYSTEM AB The elastic response of a [001]-oriented and -poled ferroelectric rhombohedral lead zinc niobate-lead titanate single crystal close to the morphotropic phase region is examined under thermal, electrical, and mechanical boundaries similar to those used in sound projectors. Resonance measurements yielded a monotonically decreasing Young's modulus as a function of temperature in the ferroelectric rhombohedral state with a sudden stiffening near the ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R)-ferroelectric tetragonal (F-T) transition. The quasistatic, zero-field stress-strain response revealed a F-R instability under uniaxial compression. A dc bias field stabilized the F-R state under compressive stress. Young's modulus derived from the linear elastic response below instability agrees well with resonance data for F-R. A larger modulus than expected for F-T was observed above instabilities. The elastic response is analyzed in terms of ferroelectric-ferroelectric transitions as predicted by a high-order Devonshire theory. Implications for sound projectors are discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 094113 DI 10.1063/1.2127127 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700074 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI Slater's exchange parameters alpha for analytic and variational X alpha calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; KOHN-SHAM EIGENVALUE; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; CORRELATION-ENERGY; HARTREE-FOCK; BASIS-SETS; ROW ATOMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; IONIZATION-ENERGY AB Recently, we formulated a fully analytical and variational implementation of a subset of density functional theory using Gaussian basis sets to express orbital and the one-body effective potential. The implementation, called the Slater-Roothaan (SR) method, is an extension of Slater's X alpha method, which allows arbitrary scaling of the exchange potential around each type of atom in a heteroatomic system. The scaling parameter is Slater's exchange parameter, alpha, which can be determined for each type of atom by choosing various criteria depending on the nature of problem undertaken. Here, we determine these scaling parameters for atoms H through Cl by constraining some physical quantity obtained from the self-consistent solution of the SR method to be equal to its exact value. Thus, the sets of alpha values that reproduce the exact atomic energies have been determined for four different combinations of basis sets. A similar set of alpha values that is independent of a basis set is obtained from numerical calculations. These sets of alpha parameters are subsequently used in the SR method to compute atomization energies of the G2 set of molecules. The mean absolute error in atomization energies is about 17 kcal/mol and is smaller than that of the Hartree-Fock theory (78 kcal/mol) and the local density approximation (40 kcal/mol) but larger than that of a typical generalized gradient approximation (similar to 8 kcal/mol). A second set of alpha values is determined by matching the highest occupied eigenvalue of the SR method to the negative of the first ionization potential. Finally, the possibility of obtaining alpha values from the exact atomization energy of homonuclear diatomic molecules is explored. We find that the molecular alpha values show much larger deviation than what is observed for the atomic a values. The alpha values obtained for atoms in combination with an analytic SR method allow elemental properties to be extrapolated to heterogeneous molecules. In general, the sets of different alpha values might be useful for calculations of different properties using the analytic and variational SR method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil NR 93 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.1021/ct050166w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 983VM UT WOS:000233260300014 PM 26631663 ER PT J AU Polyakov, IV Bhatt, US Simmons, HL Walsh, D Walsh, JE Zhang, X AF Polyakov, IV Bhatt, US Simmons, HL Walsh, D Walsh, JE Zhang, X TI Multidecadal variability of North Atlantic temperature and salinity during the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INTERMEDIATE WATERS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN AB Substantial changes occurred in the North Atlantic during the twentieth century. Here the authors demonstrate, through the analysis of a vast collection of observational data, that multidecadal fluctuations on time scales of 50-80 yr are prevalent in the upper 3000 m of the North Atlantic Ocean. Spatially averaged temperature and salinity from the 0-300- and 1000-3000-m layers vary in opposition: prolonged periods of cooling and freshening (warming and salinification) in one layer are generally associated with opposite tendencies in the other layer, consistent with the notion of thermohaline overturning circulation. In the 1990s, widespread cooling and freshening was a dominant feature in the 1000-3000-m layer, whereas warming and salinification generally dominated in the upper 300 m, except for the subpolar North Atlantic where complex exchanges with the Arctic Ocean occur. The single-signed basin-scale pattern of multidecadal variability is evident from decadal 1000-3000-m temperature and salinity fields, whereas upper-ocean temperature and salinity distributions have a more complicated spatial pattern. Results suggest a general warming trend of 0.012 degrees +/- 0.009 degrees C decade(-1) in the upper-3000-m North Atlantic over the last 55 yr of the twentieth century, although during this time there are periods in which short-term trends are strongly amplified by multidecadal variability. Since warming (cooling) is generally associated with salinification (freshening) for these large-scale fluctuations, qualitatively tracking the mean temperature-salinity relationship, vertical displacement of isotherms appears to play an important role in this warming and in other observed fluctuations. Finally, since the North Atlantic Ocean plays a crucial role in establishing and regulating global thermohaline circulation, the multidecadal fluctuations of the heat and freshwater balance discussed here should be considered when assessing long-term climate change and variability, both in the North Atlantic and at global scales. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Polyakov, IV (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757335, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM igor@iarc.uaf.edu RI Zhang, Xiangdong/A-9711-2009; Bhatt, Uma/D-3674-2009 OI Zhang, Xiangdong/0000-0001-5893-2888; NR 69 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 21 BP 4562 EP 4581 DI 10.1175/JCLI3548.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 990LL UT WOS:000233744400016 ER PT J AU Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC AF Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC CA Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance Con TI Use of resequencing oligonucleotide microarrays for identification of streptococcus pyogenes and associated antibiotic resistance determinants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PCR; DNA; MACROLIDE; ARRAYS; GENE; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS AB Group A streptococci (GAS) are responsible for a wide variety of human infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Ever since the first systematic effort by Lancefield to group Streptococcus species by M protein variants, the detection and characterization of Streptococcus by different methods have been an evolving process. The ideal assay for GAS identification not only would provide quick and accurate diagnostic results but also would reveal antibiotic resistance patterns and genotype information, aiding not only in treatment but in epidemiologic assessment as well. The oligonucleotide microarray is a promising new technology which could potentially address this need. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of oligonucleotide resequencing microarrays for identifying GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated an assay platform that combines the use of resequencing DNA microarrays with either random nucleic acid amplification or multiplex PCR for GAS detection. When detecting Streptococcus pyogenes from coded clinical samples, this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with a more established culture method. To this end, we showed the potential of resequencing microarrays for efficient and accurate detection of GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers with the benefit of sequencing information from microarray analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5690 EP 5695 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5690-5695.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200044 PM 16272506 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Osuna, M Yingst, S Rakha, M Earhart, K Elyan, D Esmat, H Saad, MD Kajon, A Wu, JG Gray, GC Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Metzgar, D Osuna, M Yingst, S Rakha, M Earhart, K Elyan, D Esmat, H Saad, MD Kajon, A Wu, JG Gray, GC Ryan, MAK Russell, KL TI PCR analysis of Egyptian respiratory adenovirus isolates, including identification of species, serotypes, and coinfections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME TYPE ANALYSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRACT INFECTIONS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; 18,000 INFANTS; E3 REGION; TYPE-7; PNEUMONIA; STRAINS AB Eighty-eight adenovirus (Ad) isolates and associated clinical data were collected from walk-in patients with influenza-like illness in Egypt during routine influenza surveillance from 1999 through 2002. Respiratory Ad distributions are geographically variable, and serotype prevalence has not been previously characterized in this region. Serotype identity is clinically relevant because it predicts vaccine efficacy and correlates strongly with both clinical presentation and epidemiological pattern. Species and serotype identities were determined using several well-validated multiplex PCR protocols culled from the literature and supplemented with a few novel primer sets designed to identify rare types. The isolates included common species B1 serotypes (Ad3 and AV), common species C serotypes (Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5), the less common species B2 serotype Ad11, and three isolates of the rare species B1 serotype Ad16. Two isolates that appear to be variant Ad16 were also identified. Fifteen coinfections of multiple adenoviral types, primarily AdB/AdC and Ad3/Ad7 dual infections, were detected. The majority of these were verified using redundant PCR tests targeted at multiple genes. PCR is able to resolve coinfections, in contrast to traditional serum neutralization tests. PCR is also comparatively rapid and requires very little equipment. Application of the method allowed an inclusive determination of the serotypes found in the Egyptian respiratory sample set and demonstrated that coinfections are common and may play a previously unrecognized role in adenovirus pathogenesis, evolution, and epidemiology. In particular, coinfections may influence adenoviral evolution, as interserotypic recombination has been identified as a source of emerging strains. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defense, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Arab Republ Egypt, Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defense, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-04] NR 35 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5743 EP 5752 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5743-5752.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200050 PM 16272512 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I Anderson, WF Rao, SR Devesa, SS AF Jatoi, I Anderson, WF Rao, SR Devesa, SS TI Breast cancer trends among black and white women in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; MORTALITY; RATES; CHEMOTHERAPY; MAMMOGRAPHY; DISPARITIES; TAMOXIFEN; ETHNICITY; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES AB Purpose Overall US breast cancer mortality rates are higher among black women than white women, and the disparity is widening. To investigate this disparity, we examined incidence data and changes in mortality trends according to age, year of death (calendar period), and date of birth (birth cohort). Calendar period mortality trends reflect the effects of new medical interventions, whereas birth cohort mortality trends reflect alterations in risk factors. Patients and Methods Incidence data were obtained from the Connecticut and National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries and mortality data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Changes in age, period, and cohort mortality trends were analyzed with Poisson regression. Results For both races, breast cancer incidence rates for localized and regional disease diverged in the late 1970s. Almost concurrently, overall mortality rates diverged among blacks and whites. For both races, mortality increases with age, but blacks have higher mortality at age younger than 57. The calendar period curves revealed declining mortality for whites over the entire study period. For blacks, calendar period mortality declined until the late 1970s, and then sharply increased. After 1994, calendar period mortality declined for both. For women born between 1872 and 1950, trends in mortality were similar for blacks and whites. For women born after 1950, mortality decreased more rapidly for blacks. Conclusion The widening racial disparity in breast cancer mortality seems attributable to calendar period rather than birth cohort effects. Thus, differences in response or access to newer medical interventions may largely account for these trends. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ismail.jatoi@us.army.mil NR 33 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 31 BP 7836 EP 7841 DI 10.1200/JCO.2004.01.0421 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 981DE UT WOS:000233066700014 PM 16258086 ER PT J AU Sarasvathy, SD Dew, N AF Sarasvathy, SD Dew, N TI New market creation through transformation SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS LA English DT Review DE new market creation; effectuation; networks; entrepreneurship ID DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; TECHNICAL CHANGE; ECONOMICS; ORGANIZATIONS; COMPETITION; INNOVATION; DIFFUSION; CHOICE; EMBEDDEDNESS AB Is new market creation a search and selection process within the theoretical space of all possible markets? Or is it the outcome of a process of transformation of extant realities into new possibilities? In this article we consider new market creation as a process involving a new network of stakeholders. The network is initiated through an effectual commitment that sets in motion two concurrent cycles of expanding resources and converging constraints that result in the new market. The dynamic model was induced from two empirical investigations, a cognitive science-based investigation of entrepreneurial expertise, and a real time history of the RFID industry. C1 Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarasvathy, SD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, POB 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. EM sarasvathys@darden.virginia.edu; ndew@nps.edu NR 128 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0936-9937 EI 1432-1386 J9 J EVOL ECON JI J. Evol. Econ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 533 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s00191-005-0264-x PG 33 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 966YQ UT WOS:000232059100003 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI A priori assessments of numerical uncertainty in Large-Eddy Simulations SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; CHANNEL FLOW; ERRORS; MODEL AB Current suggestions for estimating the numerical uncertainty in solutions by the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology require either a posteriori input or reflect global assessments. In most practical applications, this approach is rather costly for the user and especially time consuming due to the CPU effort needed to reach the statistical steady state. Herein, we demonstrate two alternate a priori graphical exercises. An evaluation of the numerical uncertainty uses the turbulent quantities given by the area under the wave number spectra profiles. These profiles are easily constructed along ally grid line in the flow domain. prior to the collection of the turbulent statistics. One exercise involves a completion of the spectrum profile beyond the cutoff wave number to the inverse of Kolmorgorov's length scale by a model of isotropic turbulence. The other extends Richardson Extrapolation acting on multiple solutions. Sample test cases of both LES solutions and direct numerical simulations as well as published experimental data show excellent agreement between the integrated matched spectra and the respective turbulent statistics. Thus, the resultant uncertainties themselves provide a useful measure of accumulated statistical error in the resolved turbulent properties. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1182 DI 10.1115/1.2060735 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 984DJ UT WOS:000233282400015 ER PT J AU Park, JT Cutbirth, JM Brewer, WH AF Park, JT Cutbirth, JM Brewer, WH TI Experimental methods for hydrodynamic characterization of a very large water tunnel SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION AB The methodology for hydrodynamic characterization of a very large water tunnel is described. Results are presented for the U. S. Navy William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel in Memphis, Tennessee, the world's largest water tunnel. Three key characteristics of tunnel velocity were measured: temporal stability, spatial uniformity, and turbulence. The velocity stability at a single point for run times greater than 2 h was measured as +/- 0.15% at the 95% confidence level for velocities from 0.5 to 18 m/s(1.6-59 ft/s). The spatial nonuniformity for the axial velocity component was +/- 0.34 to +/- 0.60% for velocities from 3 to 16 m/s(9.8-52 ft/s). The relative turbulence intensity was measured as 0.2-0.5% depending on tunnel velocity. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. US Navy William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. Fluid Phys Int, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Park, JT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM joel.park@navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1214 DI 10.1115/1.2060740 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 984DJ UT WOS:000233282400021 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI Pseudocylinder parametrization for mine impact burial prediction SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FALLING CYLINDER; WATER COLUMN C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1220 DI 10.1115/1.2060741 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 984DJ UT WOS:000233282400022 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK TI Efficient fiber Bragg grating and fiber Fabry-Perot sensor multiplexing scheme using a broadband pulsed mode-locked laser SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferometry; large-scale systems; mode-locked lasers (MLLs); optical fiber transducers; strain measurement ID PHASE-SENSITIVE DETECTION; OPTICAL-FIBER; TIME; INTERROGATION; LIGHT; ARRAY; NOISE AB A pulsed broadband mode-locked laser (MLL) combined with interferometric interrogation is shown to yield an efficient means of multiplexing a large number of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) or fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) strain sensors with high performance. System configurations utilizing time division multiplexing (TDM) permit high resolution, accuracy, and bandwidth strain measurements along with high sensor densities. Strain resolutions of 23-60 n epsilon/Hz(1/2) at frequencies up to 800 Hz (expandable to 139 kHz) and a differential strain-measurement accuracy of +/- 1 mu epsilon are demonstrated. Interrogation of a low-finesse FFP sensor is also demonstrated, from which a strain resolution of 2 n epsilon/Hz(1/2) and strain-measurement accuracy of +/- 31 n epsilon are achieved. The system has the capability of interrogating well in excess of 50 sensors per fiber depending on crosstalk requirements. A discussion on sensor spacing, bandwidth, dynamic range, and measurement accuracy is also given. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil; gmhf@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; clay.kirkendall@nrl.navy.mil RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3798 EP 3807 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.857735 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 995PR UT WOS:000234116800041 ER PT J AU Thurber, KR Sauer, KL Buess, ML Klug, CA Miller, JB AF Thurber, KR Sauer, KL Buess, ML Klug, CA Miller, JB TI Increasing N-14 NQR signal by H-1-N-14 level crossing with small magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; NQR; double resonance; level crossing; N-14; TNT; diglycine hydrochloride ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; RELAXATION; ACIDS; TNT AB NQR detection of materials, such as TNT, is hindered by the low signal-to-noise ratio at low NQR frequencies. Sweeping small (0-26 mT) magnetic fields to shift the H-1 NMR frequency relative to the N-14 NQR frequencies can provide a significant increase of the N-14 NQR signal-to-noise ratio. Three effects of H-1-N-14 level crossing are demonstrated in diglycine hydrochloride and TNT. These effects are (1) transferring H-1 polarization to one or more of the N-14 transitions, including the use of an adiabatic flip of the H-1 polarization during the field sweep, (2) shortening the effective N-14 T-1 by the interaction of H-1 with the N-14 transitions, (3) "level transfer" effect where the third N-14 (spin 1) energy level or other N-14 sites with different NQR frequency are used as a reservoir of polarization which is transferred to the measured N-14 transition by the H-1. The N-14 NQR signal-to-noise ratio can be increased by a factor of 2.5 for one N-14 site in diglycine hydrochloride (and 2.2 in TNT), even though the maximum H-1 frequency used in this work, 1116 kHz, is only 30% larger than the measured N-14 frequencies (834 kHz for diglycine hydrochloride and 843 kHz for TNT). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. SFA, Lanham, MD 20785 USA. RP Thurber, KR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thurberk@niddk.nih.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 177 IS 1 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.07.016 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 974RU UT WOS:000232609900013 PM 16122957 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, T TI Analytical solutions for the ACC and its overturning circulation SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OCEAN CIRCULATION; MERIDIONAL CELLS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEACON CELL; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB An explicit analytical model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is presented in which the key feature is the balance between the Eulerian circulation acting to overturn the isopycnals and geostrophic eddies which tend to flatten them. Solutions for the stratification and overturning circulation are obtained by expanding the governing residual mean equations of motion in a small parameter (c) which measures the relative strength of the surface buoyancy flux and mechanical forcing by winds. Our balanced asymptotic model extends and reconciles the earlier views on the dynamics of the (streamwise-averaged) ACC by demonstrating that the zero order balance between the eddy-induced circulation and the mean flow determines gross features of the buoyancy distribution in the interior of the ACC. The diabatic buoyancy fluxes are essential in driving the secondary (residual) circulation which is, however, largely steered along the pathways set by the dominant adiabatic balance. Model assumptions are supported by a close agreement of the analytical solutions and fully nonlinear numerical calculations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1055 DI 10.1357/002224005775247634 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 004VW UT WOS:000234781600003 ER PT J AU Raman, S Yim, SCS Palo, PA AF Raman, S Yim, SCS Palo, PA TI Nonlinear model for sub- and superharmonic motions of a MDOF moored structure, part 1 - System identification SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SPHERE AB In this first part of a two-part study, the general nonlinear system identification methodology developed earlier by the authors for a sing le-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system using the reverse-multi-input/single-output (R-MI/SO) technique is extended to a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF), sub-merged, moored structure with surge and heave motions. The physical nonlinear MDOF system model and the formulation of the R-MI/SO system-identification technique are presented. The corresponding numerical algorithm is then developed and applied to the experimental data of the MDOF system using only the subharmonic motion responses to identify, the system parameters. The resulting model is then employed in Part 2 for a detailed analysis of both the sub and superharmonic dynamic behavior of the MDOF experimental system and a comparison of the MDOF response results and observations with those of the corresponding SDOF system examined earlier by the authors. C1 Skillings Connolly Inc, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Coastal & Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Raman, S (reprint author), Skillings Connolly Inc, 5016 Lacey Blvd SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1115/1.2073208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 993LC UT WOS:000233954600001 ER PT J AU Yim, SCS Raman, S Palo, PA AF Yim, SCS Raman, S Palo, PA TI Nonlinear model for sub- and superharmonic motions of a MDOF moored structure, part 2 - Sensitivity analysis and comparison SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB The nonlinear R-MI/SO system identification procedure and the parameters of the MDOF system identified in Part I are examined in detail in this paper A parametric study, is conducted and the results are presented on the sensitivity of the system parameters for two key nonlinear responses-subharmonic and superharmonic resonances. The parameters are compared to determine the appropriateness of using a single set of system parameters for both response regions. A detailed comparison of the MDOF and the corresponding SDOF system results is performed. The knowledge gained from the SDOF and MDOF studies on the applicability of the R-MISO technique for the system identification of MDOF submerged moored structures is discussed. The results show that the MDOF extension of the R-MI/SO nonlinear system identification technique works well; the resulting system parameters are relatively constant and can be applied to the both the sub- and superharmonic regions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Coastal & Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Skillings Connolly Inc, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Yim, SCS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Coastal & Ocean Engn Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1115/1.2073187 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 993LC UT WOS:000233954600002 ER PT J AU Ren, T Parish, DA Xu, GL Moore, MH Deschamps, JR Ying, JW Pollack, SK Schull, TL Shashidhar, R AF Ren, T Parish, DA Xu, GL Moore, MH Deschamps, JR Ying, JW Pollack, SK Schull, TL Shashidhar, R TI Synthesis and characterization of wire-like Ru-2(ap)(4)-[sigma-oligo(phenylene ethynyl)] compounds SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diruthenium; OPE complexes; molecular wires; synthesis; crystal structures ID METAL ACETYLIDE COMPLEXES; X-RAY; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; CORE; DEPROTECTION; METALLAYNES; SYSTEMATICS; ADDUCTS AB Reported herein are the synthesis, electrochemical and structural characterization of wire-like Ru-2-alkynyl Compounds, Ru-2(ap)(4)(Ln)(x), where ap is 2-anilinopyridinate, and Ln is -(C equivalent to CC6H4)nSCH(2)CH(2)SiMe(3) With n = 1 (1) and 2 (2), and x can be 1 (a) and 2 (b). Reactions between Ru-2(ap)(4)Cl and one equiv. of LiLn yielded the mono-alkynyl compound only, while the use of 4-5 equiv. of LiLn resulted in a mixture of both the mono and bis-alkynyl species. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of compounds 1a and 1b revealed structural similarities to Ru-2(ap)(4)(C2Ph) and Ru-2(ap)(4)(C2Ph)(2), respectively. Magnetic, spectroscopic and voltammetric measurements also revealed a minimal perturbation on electronic structures due to the functionalization of OPE ligands with thiol-TMSE group (-SCH2CH2SiMe3). Most significantly, it can be estimated based on the structure of la that the Ru-OPE2-S- linkage in 2a is significantly longer than the depth of C11 thiol SAM and hence enables the insertion of 2a into the latter. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tren@miami.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X EI 1872-8561 J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 690 IS 21-22 BP 4734 EP 4739 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.057 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 981BX UT WOS:000233063200023 ER PT J AU Elliott, MJ Ruland, R Fox, B AF Elliott, MJ Ruland, R Fox, B TI Olecranon fracture fixation utilizing a bioabsorbable tension hand construct: analysis of stability with motion in a cadaveric model SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS-PART B LA English DT Article DE olecranon fracture; tension band; suture; bioabsorbable ID SURGICAL-TREATMENT; CHILDREN; ELBOW AB This study was performed to determine if tension band suturing with bioabsorbable materials can maintain fracture (osteotomy) reduction when subjected to an early motion protocol. Olecranon osteotomies were created in 13 cadaveric upper extremities and then sequentially fixed with axial Kirschner wires, and tension band wiring/suturing utilizing: #1 PDS (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, New Jersey, USA), #1 Panacryl (Ethicon Inc.), #2 Panacryl (Ethicon Inc.), and 18 gauge surgical wire. Specimens were cycled through a range of motion in a continuous passive motion machine. Specimens fixed with K-wires only, #1 PDS and #1 Panacryl tension band suturing failed to maintain osteotomy reduction. Only surgical steel and #2 Panacryl maintained osteotomy reduction; both were superior to the other fixation methods (P < 0.001). The #2 Panacryl suture is an excellent choice for a tension band suture construct; it retains 80% of its breaking strength at 3 months, is fully absorbed, and maintains osteotomy reduction throughout a passive motion protocol. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthoped, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Elliott, MJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthoped, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM MJElliott@mar.med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1060-152X J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOP B JI J. Pediatr. Orthop.-Part B PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 444 EP 447 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 990UG UT WOS:000233768100011 PM 16200023 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ AF Urban, JJ TI Computational study of stereoelectronic effects in fluorinated alkylamines SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE stereoelectronic effects; substituent effects; conformational analysis; computational chemistry; fluoro-organic compounds ID MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELD; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; BOND ORBITAL ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE HYPERCONJUGATION; INTERNAL-ROTATION; POLYFLUORINATED 1ST-ROW; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; NONBONDED SUBSTITUENTS; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB A systematic evaluation of the stereoelectronic effects in a series of fluorinated amine compounds has been carried out. A variety of computational methods have been employed, including molecular mechanics, semiempirical, density functional and ab initio methods. An analysis of the natural bond orbital populations has been carried out and the effect of solvent was considered via the polarized continuum model (PCM). The results indicate a preference for conformations that result in an anti-periplanar arrangement between the nitrogen lone pair and the C-X bond (X=F or CF3). There are variations in geometry and natural bond orbital population, with conformation that are consistent with a stereoelectronic effect whereby electron density from the nitrogen lone pair is delocalized into the C-X sigma* orbital. Similar results are obtained for trifluoromethyl methylamines, although the magnitude of the stereoelectronic effect is attenuated resulting in greater expected conformational diversity for these compounds. The PCM results suggest that these preferences should persist in solution. Comparison among the computational methods used reveals that there is good agreement among the ab initio and density functional methods (at the HF/6-31 + G(d), MP2/6-31 + G(d), MP2/6-311 + G(2d,p) and B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) levels) and these methods agree well with the available experimental data for ethylmethylamine. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0894-3230 J9 J PHYS ORG CHEM JI J. Phys. Org. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1071 DI 10.1002/poc.973 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 973SF UT WOS:000232542200001 ER PT J AU Lanneau, GS McLaughlin, D O'Boyle, J Magann, EF Morrison, JC AF Lanneau, GS McLaughlin, D O'Boyle, J Magann, EF Morrison, JC TI Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the uterine serosa identified at cesarean section - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mesothelioma; uterus; cesarean section ID PERITONEAL AB BACKGROUND: Peritoneal mesotheliomas encompass a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is uncommon, is thought to be of low malignant potential and is often discovered incidentally during abdominal or pelvic surgery. We describe a highly unusual case in which WDPM arising from the uterine serosa was identified at the time of cesarean delivery. CASE: A 21-year-old primigravida underwent cesarean delivery at term for arrest of the active phase of labor. A 2-cm, polypoid lesion was excised from the posterior uterine fundus; final pathology showed well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma. Subsequent examination and computed tomography were negative. A follow-tip laparoscopic examination with abdominal washing for cytology and peritoneal biopsies revealed no residual disease. CONCLUSION: Survey of the pelvic cavity during cesarean section is important. Knowledge of the variable disease spectrum of mesothelioma is important in patient counseling and management. Differentiating between WDPM and malignant mesothelioma, other peritoneal tumors and implants from primary sites is necessary to avoid overtreatment. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@obgyn.umsmed.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 11 BP 860 EP 862 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 986TP UT WOS:000233472900013 PM 16419636 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL May, P Gold, SR Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL May, P Gold, SR Milner, JS TI Predicting adult risk of child physical abuse from childhood exposure to violence: Can interpersonal schemata explain the association? SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ABUSE; ATTACHMENT STYLE; POTENTIAL INVENTORY; SOCIAL INFORMATION; OBJECT RELATIONS; PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS; CONFLICT-RESOLUTION; ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; MALTREATMENT; MEDIATOR AB Interpersonal schemata were examined to explain the association between childhood exposure to violence-including child physical abuse (CPA), child sexual abuse, and domestic violence-and adult risk of CPA perpetration. In a sample of male and female U.S. Navy recruits (N = 4,812), all forms of childhood violence and models of the self and others were predictive of increased adult CPA risk, and their effects were additive. Interpersonal schemata did not moderate or mediate the relationship between childhood violence and adult CPA risk; instead, interpersonal schemata were independent predictors of adult risk of CPA perpetration. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0736-7236 J9 J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 981 EP 1002 DI 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.981 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 993ZB UT WOS:000233997800004 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Zeb Vance: North Carolina's Civil War governor and gilded age political leader. SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 898 EP 899 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 980GO UT WOS:000233002800035 ER PT J AU Baer, RN Collins, MD AF Baer, RN Collins, MD TI Source localization in the presence of internal waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WATER PACIFIC ENVIRONMENT; SOUND-SPEED; SHALLOW-WATER; OCEAN; INVERSION; MISMATCH; CHANNEL; FIELDS AB The possibility of determining the location of an acoustic source in the presence of internal waves is investigated. Source localization problems require environmental information as inputs. Internal waves cause uncertainties in the sound speed field. In previous work [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 1410-1422 (1991)], it was found that a source can often be localized in an uncertain environment by including environmental parameters in the search space and tweaking them, but usually not deter-mining their true values. This is possible due to a parameter hierarchy in which the source position is more important than the environmental parameters. The parameter hierarchy is shown to also apply to uncertainties associated with internal waves. Due to differences in the nature of the parameter space, this problem is solved with a statistical approach rather than a parameter search technique such as simulated annealing. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baer, RN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 3117 EP 3121 DI 10.1021/1.2041331 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 984CY UT WOS:000233281300041 ER PT J AU Partridge, CA Holman, JR AF Partridge, CA Holman, JR TI Effects of a reduced-visit prenatal care clinical practice guideline SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly of the American-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY OCT 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Acad Family Physicians ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-RISK WOMEN; ANTENATAL CARE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; HEALTH; FREQUENCY; PROGRAM AB Purpose: A prenatal care guideline that decreased scheduled visits to 9 was introduced at a military community hospital in 2000. We hypothesized patients would have fewer clinic visits with no difference in maternal and neonatal outcomes under the new schedule. Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study involving patients who delivered after 20 weeks gestation during 1999 (1647) and 2000 (1710). We measured the number of antenatal visits to clinic and labor and delivery (L&D) per patient. We assessed maternal and neonatal outcomes. Power was adequate to detect a 25-g change in birth weight. Descriptive, chi(2), and t test statistics were used. Results: The number of prenatal visits decreased from 10.9 +/- 2.8 to 9.2 +/- 2.6 (P < .001) per patient. Outpatient visits to L&D increased by 31 per month, P = .01. Post-term deliveries decreased from 10.4 to 8.1%, P = .01. Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not decline. Patient satisfaction did not change. Discussion: Application of the prenatal care guideline was associated with a reduction in prenatal visits but a small increase in L&D visits that did not persist after the initial year. No adverse perinatal or patient satisfaction outcomes were noted. Conclusions: This guideline is efficient in delivering prenatal care with no changes in perinatal outcomes or patient satisfaction. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Holman, JR (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM jrholman@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 989FY UT WOS:000233659500012 PM 16322418 ER PT J AU Larson, VE Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Cotton, WR AF Larson, VE Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Cotton, WR TI Supplying local microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: Latin hypercube sampling SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOCUMULUS; CLOUDS AB One problem in computing cloud microphysical processes in coarse-resolution numerical models is that many microphysical processes are nonlinear and small in scale. Consequently, there are inaccuracies if microphysics parameterizations are forced with grid box averages of model fields, such as liquid water content. Rather, the model needs to determine information about subgrid variability and input it into the microphysics parameterization. One possible solution is to assume the shape of the family of probability density functions ( PDFs) associated with a grid box and sample it using the Monte Carlo method. In this method, the microphysics subroutine is called repeatedly, once with each sample point. In this way, the Monte Carlo method acts as an interface between the host model's dynamics and the microphysical parameterization. This avoids the need to rewrite the microphysics subroutines. A difficulty with the Monte Carlo method is that it introduces into the simulation statistical noise or variance, associated with the finite sample size. If the family of PDFs is tractable, one can sample solely from cloud, thereby improving estimates of in-cloud processes. If one wishes to mitigate the noise further, one needs a method for reduction of variance. One such method is Latin hypercube sampling, which reduces noise by spreading out the sample points in a quasi-random fashion. This paper formulates a sampling interface based on the Latin hypercube method. The associated family of PDFs is assumed to be a joint normal/lognormal ( i.e., Gaussian/lognormal) mixture. This method of variance reduction has a couple of advantages. First, the method is general: the same interface can be used with a wide variety of microphysical parameterizations for various processes. Second, the method is flexible: one can arbitrarily specify the number of hydrometeor categories and the number of calls to the microphysics parameterization per grid box per time step. This paper performs a preliminary test of Latin hypercube sampling. As a prototypical microphysical formula, this paper uses the Kessler autoconversion formula. The PDFs that are sampled are extracted diagnostically from large-eddy simulations ( LES). Both stratocumulus and cumulus boundary layer cases are tested. In this diagnostic test, the Latin hypercube can produce somewhat less noisy time-averaged estimates of Kessler autoconversion than a traditional Monte Carlo estimate, with no additional calls to the microphysics parameterization. However, the instantaneous estimates are no less noisy. This paper leaves unanswered the question of whether the Latin hypercube method will work well in a prognostic, interactive cloud model, but this question will be addressed in a future manuscript. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Larson, VE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM vlarson@uwm.edu RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4010 EP 4026 DI 10.1175/JAS3624.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OW UT WOS:000233460600009 ER PT J AU Harasti, PR List, R AF Harasti, PR List, R TI Principal component analysis of Doppler radar data. Part I: Geometric connections between eigenvectors and the core region of atmospheric vortices SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; KINEMATICS; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; LANDFALL; VORTEX; FIELD AB This is the first in a three-part series of papers that present the first applications of principal component analysis ( PCA) to Doppler radar data. Although this novel approach has potential applications to many types of atmospheric phenomena, the specific goal of this series is to describe and verify a methodology that establishes the position and radial extent of the core region of atmospheric vortices. The underlying assumption in the current application is that the streamlines of the nondivergent component of the horizontal wind are predominantly circular, which is a characteristic often observed in intense vortices such as tropical cyclones. The method employs an S-2-mode PCA on the Doppler velocity data taken from a single surveillance scan and arranged sequentially in a matrix according to the range and azimuth coordinates. Part I begins the series by examining the eigenvectors obtained from such a PCA applied to a Doppler velocity model for a modified, Rankine-combined vortex, where the ratio of the radius of maximum wind to the range from the radar to the circulation center is varied over a wide range of values typically encountered in the field. Results show that the first two eigenvectors within the eigenspace of range coordinates represent over 99% of the total variance in the data. It is also demonstrated that the coordinates of particular cusps in the curves of the eigenvector coefficients plotted against their indices are geometrically related to both the position of circulation center and the radius of maximum wind. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Harasti, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS-2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paul.harasti@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4027 EP 4042 DI 10.1175/JAS3613.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OW UT WOS:000233460600010 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Chang, CP Wang, B Jin, FF AF Wang, Z Chang, CP Wang, B Jin, FF TI Teleconnections from tropics to northern extratropics through a southerly conveyor SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY-WAVE PROPAGATION; HADLEY CIRCULATION; BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; REFLECTION; MODEL; FLOW; VARIABILITY; GENERATION AB Rossby wave propagation theory predicts that Rossby waves in a tropical easterly flow cannot escape from the Tropics to the extratropics. Here the authors show that a southerly flow component in the basic state ( a southerly conveyor) may transfer a Rossby wave source northward; thus, a forcing embedded in the deep tropical easterlies may excite a Rossby wave response in the extratropical westerlies. It is shown that the southerly conveyor determines the location of the effective Rossby wave source and that the extratropical response is relatively insensitive to the location of the tropical forcing, provided that the tropical response can reach the southerly conveyor. A stronger southerly flow favors a stronger extratropical response, and the spatial structure of the extratropical response is determined by the extratropical westerly basic flows. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zhuow@hawaii.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4057 EP 4070 DI 10.1175/JAS3600.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OW UT WOS:000233460600012 ER PT J AU Magne, R Ardhuin, F Rey, V Herbers, THC AF Magne, R Ardhuin, F Rey, V Herbers, THC TI Topographical scattering of waves: Spectral approach SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER WAVES; VARYING TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY-WAVES; PROPAGATION; RESONANCE; EQUATION; RIPPLES; BOTTOM; SHELF; BAR AB The topographical scattering of gravity waves is investigated using a spectral energy balance equation that accounts for first-order wave-bottom Bragg scattering. This model represents the bottom topography and surface waves with spectra, and evaluates a Bragg scattering source term that is theoretically valid for small bottom and surface slopes and slowly varying spectral properties. The robustness of the model is tested for a variety of topographies uniform along one horizontal dimension including nearly sinusoidal, linear ramp, and step profiles. Results are compared with reflections computed using an accurate method that applies integral matching along vertical boundaries of a series of steps. For small bottom amplitudes, the source term representation yields accurate reflection estimates even for a localized scatterer. This result is proved for small bottom amplitudes h relative to the mean water depth H. Wave reflection by small amplitude bottom topography thus depends primarily on the bottom elevation variance at the Bragg resonance scales, and is insensitive to the detailed shape of the bottom profile. Relative errors in the energy reflection coefficient are found to be typically 2h/H. C1 Univ Toulon & Var, Lab Sondages Electromagnet Environm Terr, F-83957 La Garde, France. Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrograph & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Magne, R (reprint author), Univ Toulon & Var, Lab Sondages Electromagnet Environm Terr, BP 132, F-83957 La Garde, France. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:6(311) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 975YM UT WOS:000232700000007 ER PT J AU Nipper, M Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL Miller, K AF Nipper, M Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL Miller, K TI Fate and effects of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine environments: Toxicity of degradation products SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ordnance compound; pore water; toxicity; picric acid; 2,6-dinitrotoluene; degradation ID SEDIMENTS; WATERS AB The toxicity of transformation products of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were assessed in spiked sandy and fine-grained marine sediments and in seawater. Toxicity of pore water from sediments spiked with 2,6-DNT decreased for the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, zoospores as biotransformation proceeded, but increased For the copepod, Schizopera knabeni, nauplii. The primary biotransformation product of 2,6-DNT, 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene, was also more toxic than the parent Compound to copepod nauplii, but not to alga zoospores, in spiked seawater tests. Two biotransformation products of picric acid, picramic acid and 2,4-DNP, were more toxic than their parent Compound. Porewater toxicity from picric acid-spiked sediments decreased significantly at the end of six-months incubation. Fine-grained sediment spiked with either ordnance compound had lower toxicity than its sandy counterpart after six months, suggesting faster microbial transformation in the former and production of less toxic products. Photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT in seawater resulted in a reduction in toxicity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Environm Res Ctr, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Restorat Dev Branch, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr,NRC Suite 3200,Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mnipper@falcon.tamucc.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1205 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.019 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995KC UT WOS:000234098200016 PM 15913666 ER PT J AU Furgol, EM AF Furgol, EM TI Frigate commander SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Furgol, EM (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD NOV PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 983YC UT WOS:000233267300026 ER PT J AU Furgol, EM AF Furgol, EM TI The battle of trafalgar SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Furgol, EM (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD NOV PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 622 EP 623 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 983YC UT WOS:000233267300027 ER PT J AU Flam, S Owen, G Saboya, M AF Flam, S Owen, G Saboya, M TI The not-quite non-atomic game: Non-emptiness of the core in large production games SO MATHEMATICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cooperative games; large production games; non-atomic games; core; concavified functions AB We show that, in cooperative production games, when the production functions are not concave, the core may well be empty. However, as the number of players increases (subject to some regularity conditions), the relative deficit obtained by using concavified functions decreases to zero. Furthermore, differentiability of the functions will cause the absolute deficit to go to zero. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Econ, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias Econ & Empresariales, Dept Econ Cuantitat, Madrid, Spain. RP Saboya, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias Econ & Empresariales, Dept Anal Econ, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM martha.saboya@uam.es NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-4896 J9 MATH SOC SCI JI Math. Soc. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 279 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2005.05.001 PG 19 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 966QL UT WOS:000232035800004 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Keenaghan, K Desimini, S AF Brown, DR Keenaghan, K Desimini, S TI Measuring glottal activity during voiced speech using a tuned electromagnetic resonating collar sensor SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voiced speech; capacitive sensors; speech denoising; pitch estimation; electroglottogram AB Non-acoustic speech sensors can be employed to obtain measurements of one or more aspects of the speech production process, such as glottal activity, even in the presence of background noise. These sensors have a long history of clinical applications and have also recently been applied to the problem of denoising speech signals recorded in acoustically noisy environments (Ng et al 2000 Proc. Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (Istanbul, Turkey) vol 1, pp 229-32). Recently, researchers developed a new non-acoustic speech sensor based primarily on a tuned electromagnetic resonator collar (TERC) (Brown et al 2004 Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 1291). The TERC sensor measures glottal activity by sensing small changes in the dielectric properties of the glottis that result from voiced speech. This paper builds on the seminal work in Brown et al (2004). The primary contributions of this paper are (i) a description of a new single-mode TERC sensor design addressing the comfort and complexity issues of the original sensor, (ii) a complete description of new external interface systems used to obtain long-duration recordings from the TERC sensor and (iii) more extensive experimental results and analysis for the single-mode TERC sensor including spectrograms of speech containing both voiced and unvoiced speech segments in quiet and acoustically noisy environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the single-mode TERC sensor is able to detect glottal activity up to the fourth harmonic and is also insensitive to acoustic background noise. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, ECE Dept, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Nortel Networks, Billerica, MA USA. RP Worcester Polytech Inst, ECE Dept, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM drb@wpi.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2381 EP 2390 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/11/033 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 986MK UT WOS:000233453500034 ER PT J AU Adharapurapu, RR Vecchio, KS Rohatgi, A Jiang, FC AF Adharapurapu, RR Vecchio, KS Rohatgi, A Jiang, FC TI Fracture of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites: Effects of lamination on resistance-curve behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL RESPONSE; BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; DUCTILE-PHASE; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; LAYERED MATERIALS; MICROLAMINATE COMPOSITES; MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE; MIL COMPOSITES; BRIDGED CRACKS AB The fracture toughness and resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites have been studied in the crack-divider orientation, by examining the effect of ductile-laminate-layer thickness and volume fraction. The MIL composites were fabricated in open air by a novel one-step process, and the final structure consists of alternating layers of ductile Ti and brittle Al3Ti. Such a laminate architecture in conjunction with a relatively low volume fraction of tougher Ti (18 to 40 pct) was seen to augment the fracture toughness of the inherently brittle intermetallic by over an order of magnitude. Additionally, as a result of their low density, MIL composites exhibit a specific fracture toughness (K/rho) on par with tougher but relatively denser ductile metals such as high-strength steel. Such vast improvements may be rationalized through the toughening provided by the ductile Ti layers. Specifically, toughening was obtained through plastically stretching the intact ductile Ti layers that formed bridging zones in the crack wake, thus reducing the crack driving force. Such toughening resulted in R-curve behavior, and the toughness values increased with an increase in the volume percentage of Ti. Weight-function methods were used to model the bridging behavior, and they indicated that large bridging zones (similar to 2 to 3 min) were responsible for the observed increase in toughness. The role of large-scale bridging (LSB) conditions on the resistance curves is explored, and steady-state toughness (K-SS) values are estimated using small-scale bridging (SSB) approximations. A new approach to gage the potential of laminate composites in terms of their true fracture-toughness values as determined from a cyclic crack-growth fatigue test is proposed, wherein small-scale specimens can be utilized to obtain fracture-toughness values. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Geoctr Inc, Res Lab Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Vecchio, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kvecchio@ucsd.edu RI Vecchio, Kenneth/F-6300-2011 OI Vecchio, Kenneth/0000-0003-0217-6803 NR 92 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 36A IS 11 BP 3217 EP 3236 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0092-5 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 975QX UT WOS:000232678100032 ER PT J AU Bonventre, EV Nakano, G Tarantino, D AF Bonventre, EV Nakano, G Tarantino, D TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, MC, FS, Norfolk Naval Air Stn, VA USA. USN, MC, Washington, DC USA. RP Bonventre, EV (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS, Norfolk Naval Air Stn, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 170 IS 11 BP 914 EP + PG 63 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JS UT WOS:000235832000018 ER PT J AU Mitchell, D Francis, JP Tafrate, RC AF Mitchell, D Francis, JP Tafrate, RC TI The psychometric properties of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) in a clinical sample of active duty military service members SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING AB The increasing prominence of the construct of readiness to change in the field of substance abuse treatment has led to the development of instruments designed to assess the construct. We examined the psychometric properties of one such instrument, the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), in a sample of treatment-seeking, active duty, U.S. military service members diagnosed with alcohol and/or drug dependence. A principal components analysis of the items was consistent with the tridimensional structure of the SOCRATES found among treatment-seeking civilians but resulted in a 14-item scale, as opposed to the 19-item version found for civilians. Normative data, in the form of means and decile rankings for the SOCRATES subscales, for substance-dependent military patients are provided to complement those available for civilian patients. Future research should examine the concurrent and predictive validity of the scale. C1 Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Criminol & Criminal Justice, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. RP Mitchell, D (reprint author), Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Criminol & Criminal Justice, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 170 IS 11 BP 960 EP 963 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JS UT WOS:000235832000010 PM 16450824 ER PT J AU Hood, BL Darfler, MM Guiel, TG Furusato, B Lucas, DA Ringeisen, BR Sesterhenn, IA Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Krizman, DB AF Hood, BL Darfler, MM Guiel, TG Furusato, B Lucas, DA Ringeisen, BR Sesterhenn, IA Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Krizman, DB TI Proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed prostate cancer tissue SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; MACROPHAGE-INHIBITORY CYTOKINE-1; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; EMBEDDED TISSUE; PROTEIN; CARCINOMA; GROWTH; O-18 AB Proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue would enable retrospective biomarker investigations of this vast archive of pathologically characterized clinical samples that exist worldwide. These FFPE tissues are, however, refractory to proteomic investigations utilizing many state of the art methodologies largely due to the high level of covalently cross-linked proteins arising from formalin fixation. A novel tissue microdissection technique has been developed and combined with a method to extract soluble peptides directly from FFPE tissue for mass spectral analysis of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Hundreds of proteins from PCa and BPH tissue were identified, including several known PCa markers such as prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Quantitative proteomic profiling utilizing stable isotope labeling confirmed similar expression levels of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in BPH and PCa cells, whereas the expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 was found to be greater in PCa as compared with BPH cells. C1 Express Pathol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. NCI, Lab Proteom & Anal Technol, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Veenstra, TD (reprint author), Express Pathol Inc, 9290 Gaither Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM veenstra@ncifcrf.gov; d.krizman@expressionpathology.com OI Furusato, Bungo/0000-0003-4614-9882 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 40 TC 179 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1741 EP 1753 DI 10.1074/mcp.M500102-MCP200 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 981ZF UT WOS:000233125800010 PM 16091476 ER PT J AU Haack, T Burk, SD Hodur, RM AF Haack, T Burk, SD Hodur, RM TI U. S. west coast surface heat fluxes, wind stress, and wind stress curl from a mesoscale model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING REGION; FLOW; OREGON; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB Monthly averages of numerical model fields are beneficial for depicting patterns in surface forcing such as sensible and latent heat fluxes, wind stress, and wind stress curl over data-sparse ocean regions. Grid resolutions less than 10 km provide the necessary mesoscale detail to characterize the impact of a complex coastline and coastal topography. In the present study a high-resolution mesoscale model is employed to reveal patterns in low-level winds, temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature as well as surface fluxes, over the eastern Pacific and along the U. S. west coast. Hourly output from successive 12-h forecasts are averaged to obtain monthly mean patterns from each season of 1999. The averages yield information on interactions between the ocean and the overlying atmosphere and on the influence of coastal terrain forcing in addition to their month-to-month variability. The spring to summer transition is characterized by a dramatic shift in near-surface winds, temperature, and relative humidity as offshore regions of large upward surface fluxes diminish and an alongshore coastal flux gradient forms. Embedded within this gradient, and the imprint of strong summertime topographic forcing, are small-scale fluctuations that vary in concert with local changes in sea surface temperature. Potential feedbacks between the low-level wind, sea surface temperature, and the wind stress curl are explored in the coastal regime and offshore waters. In all seasons, offshore extensions of colder coastal waters impose a marked influence on low-level conditions by locally enhancing stability and reducing the wind speed, while buoy measurements along the coast indicate that sea surface temperatures and wind speeds tend to be negatively correlated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM haack@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 133 IS 11 BP 3202 EP 3216 DI 10.1175/MWR3025.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OQ UT WOS:000233460000008 ER PT J AU Ridout, JA Jin, Y Liou, CS AF Ridout, JA Jin, Y Liou, CS TI A cloud-base quasi-balance constraint for parameterized convection: Application to the Kain-Fritsch cumulus scheme SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB A quasi balance with respect to parcel buoyancy at cloud base between destabilizing processes and convection is imposed as a constraint on convective cloud-base mass flux in a modified version of the Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization. Supporting evidence is presented for this treatment, showing a cloud-base quasi balance (CBQ) on a time scale of approximately 1-3 h in explicit simulations of deep convection over the U. S. Great Plains and over the tropical Pacific Ocean with the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). 1 With the exception of the smaller of two convective events in the Great Plains simulation, a CBQ is still observed upon restriction of the data analysis to instances where the available buoyant energy (ABE) exceeds a threshold value of 1000 J kg(-1). This observation is consistent with the view that feedbacks between convection and cloud-base parcel buoyancy can control the rate of convection on shorter time scales than those associated with the elimination of buoyant energy and supports the addition of a CBQ constraint to the Kain-Fritsch mass-flux closure. Tests of the modified Kain-Fritsch scheme in single-column-model simulations based on the explicit three-dimensional simulations show a significant improvement in the representation of the main convective episodes, with a greater amount of convective rainfall. The performance of the scheme in COAMPS precipitation forecast experiments over the continental United States is also investigated. Improvements are obtained with the modified scheme in skill scores for middle to high rainfall rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.ridout@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 133 IS 11 BP 3315 EP 3334 DI 10.1175/MWR3034.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986OQ UT WOS:000233460000014 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Johannes, MD AF Mazin, II Johannes, MD TI A critical assessment of the superconducting pairing symmetry in NaxCoO2 center dot yH(2)O SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO-59-NMR KNIGHT-SHIFT; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NA0.3COO2-CENTER-DOT-1.3H(2)O AB Na(x)CoO(2)center dot yH(2)O must be hydrated to superconduct(1), and its triangular CoO2 layers provide an intriguing contrast with the square CuO2 layers of the high-temperature superconductors. Its superconductivity is often assumed to be unconventional in that the Cooper pairs are not in a spin singlet state with s-wave symmetry, as with conventional superconductors. According to the Pauli exclusion principle, pairs with a singlet (triplet) spin part have a corresponding even (odd) spatial part, designated as s-, p, d- or f-wave pairing in accordance with the pair angular momentum. However, in Na(x)CoO(2)center dot yH(2)O, experimental reports are often contradictory(2-6) and solid evidence for any particular pairing state remains lacking. This has led to an unprecedented number of proposals(2,3,5,7-13) for the pairing symmetry (perhaps the greatest number ever for a single compound), each in agreement with some subset of the available data. Here we test each of the 25 symmetry-allowed pairing states(14) against firmly established properties of the compound. Surprisingly, this eliminates most possible pairings. The two remaining states both have f -wave symmetry, suggesting that Na(x)CoO(2)center dot yH(2)O may be the most exotic superconductor discovered so far. We discuss expected features of these states and suggest experiments to distinguish between them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@dave.nrl.navy.mil; johannes@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 91 EP 93 DI 10.1038/nphys126 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 006HJ UT WOS:000234888300016 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wang, HY Forest, MG Wang, Q AF Zhou, H Wang, HY Forest, MG Wang, Q TI A new proof on axisymmetric equilibria of a three-dimensional Smoluchowski equation SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL POLYMERS; ELONGATIONAL FLOWS; NEMATIC POLYMERS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; STATES; MODEL AB We consider equilibrium solutions of the Smoluchowski equation for rodlike nematic polymers with a Maier-Saupe excluded volume potential. The purpose of this paper is to present a new and simplified proof of classical well-known results: (1) all equilibria are axisymmetric and (2) modulo rotational symmetry, the number and type of axisymmetric equilibria are characterized with respect to the strength of the excluded volume potential. These results confirm the phase diagram of equilibria obtained previously by numerical simulations (Faraoni et al 1999 J Rheol. 43 829-43, Forest et al 2004 Rheol. Acta 43 17-37, Larson and Ottinger 1991 Macromolecules 24 6270-82). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 EI 1361-6544 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 2815 EP 2825 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/18/6/021 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 985YE UT WOS:000233414000022 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Cummings, JE Niederhauser, A Rodriguez-Thompson, D McCormack, R Chauhan, SP AF Magann, EF Cummings, JE Niederhauser, A Rodriguez-Thompson, D McCormack, R Chauhan, SP TI Antepartum bleeding of unknown origin in the second half of pregnancy: A review SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Review ID HEMORRHAGE AB The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, adverse pregnancy complications, and optimal management of pregnancies complicated by bleeding in the second half of pregnancy of an unknown origin (ABUO). A MEDLINE search from 1966 through November 2004 using the search terms "antepartum hemorrhage" or "hemorrhage" or "uterine hemorrhage" and "pregnancy complications" and "cardiovascular complications" and "second trimester pregnancy" or "third trimester pregnancy" was undertaken. The inclusion criteria focused on bleeding not resulting from placenta previa or abruption or to any known cause. The MEDLINE search provided 24 abstracts for review with 9 studies meeting the inclusion criteria The prevalence of ABUO was 2%. The likelihood of antepartum hemorrhage and delivery before 37 weeks was significant with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.17 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.76-3.64. The risk of intrauterine fetal demise was significantly increased in women with ABUO (OR, 2.09, 95% CI, 1.43-3.06). The association between ABUO and fetal anomalies was increased with an OR 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07-1.87). Only one study with a small sample size (N = 48) compared the outcomes of women using Doppler studies of the umbilical and uterine arteries and biophysical profiles. No differences were observed in the women undergoing antenatal testing and the women not undergoing antenatal testing. The prevalence of ABUO is 2%. Preterm delivery, stillbirth, and fetal anomalies appear to be increased in these pregnancies. Antenatal testing may be of limited value in their management. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Head Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Western Australia, King Edward Med Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perth, WA, Australia. Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), PAC, PAW, Aurora Womens Pavillon,8901 W Lincoln Ave, W Allis, WI 53227 USA. EM mfmchauhan@aol.com NR 11 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 60 IS 11 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000182881.53139.f7 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 980PK UT WOS:000233030300002 PM 16250922 ER PT J AU Kooistra, S Dennison, JB Yaman, P Burt, BA Taylor, GW AF Kooistra, S Dennison, JB Yaman, P Burt, BA Taylor, GW TI Radiographic versus clinical extension of class II carious lesions using an F-speed film SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARIES DETECTION; EKTASPEED-PLUS; KODAK INSIGHT AB This study investigated the difference in the apparent radiographic and true clinical extension of Class II carious lesions. Sixty-two lesions in both maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were radiographed using Insight bitewing film. Class H lesions were scored independently by two masked examiners using an 8-point lesion severity scale. During the restoration process the lesions were dissected in a stepwise fashion from the occlusal aspect. Intraoperative photographs (2x) of the lesions were made, utilizing a novel measurement device in the field as a point of reference. Subsequently, the lesions were all given clinical scores using the same 8-point scale. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the true clinical extension of the lesions compared to the radiographic score. "Aggressive" and "Conservative" radiographic diagnoses underestimated the true clinical extent by 0.66 nun and 0.91 mm, respectively. No statistical difference was found between premolars and molars or maxillary and mandibular arches. The results of this study help to define the parameters for making restorative treatment decisions involving Class II carious lesions. C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. Univ Michigan, Clin Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Grad Restorat Sci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Program Dent Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kooistra, S (reprint author), 4238 Avon Dr, Dumfries, VA 22026 USA. EM scott.kooistra@usmc.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.2341/04-148 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 985MI UT WOS:000233381500009 PM 16382594 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Pickett, WE AF Johannes, MD Pickett, WE TI Magnetic coupling between nonmagnetic ions: Eu3+ in EuN and EuP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BAND THEORY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VAPORIZATION; PNICTIDES; NITRIDES AB We consider the electronic structure of, and magnetic exchange (spin) interactions between, nominally nonmagnetic Eu3+ ions (4f(6), S=3, L=3, J=0) within the context of the rocksalt structure compounds EuN and EuP. Both compounds are ionic (Eu3+; N3- and P3-) semimetals similar to isovalent GdN. Treating the spin polarization within the 4f shell, and then averaging consistent with the J=0 configuration, we estimate semimetallic band overlaps (Eu 5d with pnictide 2p or 3p) of similar to 0.1 eV (EuN) and similar to 1.0 eV (EuP) that increase (become more metallic) with pressure. The calculated bulk modulus is 130 (86) GPa for EuN (EuP). Exchange (spin-spin) coupling calculated from correlated band theory is small and ferromagnetic in sign for EuN, increasing in magnitude with pressure. Conversely, the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic in sign for EuP and is larger in magnitude, but decreases with compression. Study of a two-site model with S(1)center dot S-2 coupling within the J=0,1 spaces of each ion illustrates the dependence of the magnetic correlation functions on the model parameters, and indicates that the spin coupling is sufficient to alter the Van Vleck susceptibility. We outline a scenario of a spin-correlation transition in a lattice of S=3, L=3, J=0 nonmagnetic ions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 19 AR 195116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195116 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988LW UT WOS:000233603700051 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Molodtsov, SL AF Mazin, II Molodtsov, SL TI Electrons and phonons in YbC6: Density functional calculations and angle-resolved photoemission measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; GRAPHITE AB The electronic structure and selected zone-center phonons in Yb graphite intercalation compound (YbC6) are investigated theoretically using density functional calculations and the local density approximation (LDA)+U approach for Coulomb correlations in the f shell. We find that both in the LDA and LDA+U approach the Yb f states are fully occupied providing no evidence for mixed-valent behavior. The obtained theoretical results are in good agreement with photoemission experiments. The 4f states are considerably hybridized both with the Yb 5d and C 2p states resulting in a non-negligible admixture of Yb f at the Fermi level. Soft Yb phonons, given a noticeable presence of the Yb states at the Fermi level, are probably responsible for the superconductivity recently reported in YbC6. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TU Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 17 AR 172504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.172504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988LU UT WOS:000233603500026 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW Loschialpo, P AF Monzon, C Forester, DW Loschialpo, P TI Exact solution to line source scattering by an ideal left-handed wedge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION; INDEX AB A wedge or prism is a common geometry used in experiments involving left-handed media (LHM). It is shown that an exact analytical solution to the canonical problem of scattering by a LHM wedge or prism is feasible in the limit of no losses. The solution reproduces the ideal point image announced by Pendry which has not been observed experimentally. The analysis also results in the introduction of a new kind of resonator or photon localization device. C1 SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 AR 056606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.056606 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 988LR UT WOS:000233603200098 PM 16383770 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Schmitt, A AF Keskinen, MJ Schmitt, A TI Nonlinear modeling of start-up phase pressure spectra from optically smoothed induced spatial incoherence laser imprint SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR GROWTH; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV; FUSION-TARGETS; DRIVEN; ILLUMINATION; INSTABILITY AB The spectrum of early time pressure perturbations, due to optically smoothed induced spatial incoherence (ISI) laser imprint, is computed for a planar target using a forced, dissipative model. The time-dependent ISI laser deposition is computed using a time-dependent electromagnetic full-wave Maxwell code. It is found that the pressure spectrum evolves into a power law in which spectral power is transferred from large to smaller scales through a nonlinear cascade process. The model results are compared with experimental observations. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2005 VL 12 IS 11 AR 112703 DI 10.1063/1.2134769 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 988CS UT WOS:000233569600035 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF TI Feynman: The lectures and the man SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM shlesim@onr.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 11 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 980CC UT WOS:000232990500006 ER PT J AU Chen, L Zheng, J Sun, F Wu, C AF Chen, L Zheng, J Sun, F Wu, C TI Performance comparison of an irreversible closed variable-temperature heat reservoir Brayton cycle under maximum power density and maximum power conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE closed Brayton cycle; irreversible cycle; power density; power; performance comparison; finite time thermodynamics ID ENGINE; OPTIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY AB The power density is taken as an objective for performance analysis of an irreversible closed Brayton cycle coupled to variable-temperature heat reservoirs. The analytical formulas about the relationship between power density and working fluid temperature ratio (pressure ratio) are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine, and the effect of the finite thermal capacity rate of the heat reservoirs. The obtained results are compared with those results obtained by using the maximum power criterion. The influences of some design parameters, including the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs, the effectivenesses of the heat exchangers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs, and the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine, on the maximum power density are provided by numerical examples, and the advantages and disadvantages of maximum power density design are analysed. The power plant design with maximum power density leads to a higher efficiency and smaller size. When the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs are carried out ideally and the thermal capacity rates of the heat reservoirs are infinite, the results of this article become similar to those obtained in the recent literature. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0957-6509 J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 219 IS A7 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1243/095765005X31234 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 989AQ UT WOS:000233645700004 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Young, HD Dlott, DD Darfler, MM Krizman, DB Ringeisen, BR AF Barron, JA Young, HD Dlott, DD Darfler, MM Krizman, DB Ringeisen, BR TI Printing of protein microarrays via a capillary-free fluid jetting mechanism SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE biological laser printing; protein microarray; protein printing ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIRECT WRITE; MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CELLS AB Current proteomics experiments rely upon printing techniques such as ink jet, pin, or quill arrayers that were developed for the creation of cDNA microarrays. These techniques often do not meet the requirements needed for successful spotting of proteins to perform high-throughput, array-based proteomic profiling. Biological laser printing (BioLP) is a spotting technology that does not rely on solid pins, quill pins, or capillary-based fluidics. The non-contact mechanism of BioLP utilizes a focused laser pulse to transfer protein solutions, thereby eliminating the potential for orifice clogging, air bubbles, and unnecessary volume loss potentially encountered in commercially available spotting technologies. The speed and spot-to-spot reproducibility of BioLP is comparable to other techniques, while the minimum spot diameter and volume per printed droplet is significantly less at 30 gm and similar to 500 fL, respectively. The transfer of fluid by BioLP occurs through a fluid jetting mechanism, as observed by high-speed images of the printing process. Arraying a solution of BSA with subsequent immunodetection demonstrates the reproducible spotting of protein in an array format with CVs of <3%. Printing of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase followed by a positive reaction with a colorimetric substrate demonstrates that functional protein can be spotted using this laser-based printer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Express Pathol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 6113, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 25 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 5 IS 16 BP 4138 EP 4144 DI 10.1002/pmic.200401294 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 985IY UT WOS:000233372000009 PM 16196096 ER PT J AU Pauls, TA Young, JS Cotton, WD Monnier, JD AF Pauls, TA Young, JS Cotton, WD Monnier, JD TI Data exchange standard for optical (visible/IR) interferometry SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the OI (Optical Interferometry) Exchange Format, a standard for exchanging calibrated data from optical (visible/infrared) stellar interferometers. The standard is based on the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) and supports the storage of optical interferometric observables, including squared visibility and closure phase - data products not included in radio interferometry standards such as UV-FITS. The format has already gained the support of most currently operating optical interferometer projects, including COAST, NPOI, IOTA, CHARA, VLTI, PTI, and the Keck Interferometer, and is endorsed by the IAU Working Group on Optical Interferometry. Software is available for reading, writing, and the merging of OI Exchange Format files. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pauls@nrl.navy.mil; jsy1001@cam.ac.uk; bcotton@nrao.edu; monnier@umich.edu OI Young, John/0000-0001-6583-7643 NR 9 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 117 IS 837 BP 1255 EP 1262 DI 10.1086/444523 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 978NX UT WOS:000232881400009 ER PT J AU Ramesh, B Jain, R Nissen, M Xu, P AF Ramesh, B Jain, R Nissen, M Xu, P TI Managing context in business process management systems SO REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE knowledge-based system; business process management; business process improvement; contextual knowledge; agile business process ID THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; EXPERT-SYSTEM; KNOWLEDGE; FRAMEWORK; DESIGN; IMPLEMENTATION; EXPLANATIONS; TOOL AB Businesses need to continuously focus on change and innovation in order to survive in dynamic environments. The ability of an organization to deploy appropriate business processes requires that the fit between business processes and systems that support the management of these processes is continuously maintained and evolved. Acquisition and use of the knowledge about the context in which business processes are defined, modified, and implemented can help maintain this fit. We identify requirements for a business process management system (BPMS) capable of managing contextual knowledge. Based on these requirements, we have enhanced KOPeR, a knowledge-based system for business process improvement, with an explanation facility that can acquire and maintain knowledge about the context behind process definitions and design choices. A case study that illustrates the functionalities of this system which is designed to improve the fit between business processes and BPMS is presented. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Ramesh, B (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM bramesh@gsu.edu; rjain@cis.gsu.edu; MNissen@nps.navy.mil; peng.xu@umb.edu RI Ramesh, Balasubramaniam/C-2565-2008 NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-3602 EI 1432-010X J9 REQUIR ENG JI Requir. Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00766-005-0005-6 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 994CR UT WOS:000234008400006 ER PT J AU Crum, NF AF Crum, NF TI Non-typhi Salmonella empyema: Case report and review of the literature SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSION; LUNG ABSCESS; PLEUROPULMONARY INFECTIONS; TYPHIMURIUM; PATIENT; CIPROFLOXACIN; ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANCE; AIDS AB A case of non-typhi Salmonella empyema is reported. A review of the literature over the past century found only 13 other empyemas due to Salmonella typhimurium and 25 cases of other non-typhi Salmonella. A review of pleuropulmonary disease due to non-typhi Salmonella is provided along with management recommendations. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 852 EP 857 DI 10.1080/00365540500264944 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 988RQ UT WOS:000233618800009 PM 16308220 ER PT J AU Canto, WM AF Canto, WM TI Tactical readiness evaluation debrief system - Tactical analysis toolbox software development for automation of antisubmarine warfare analysis and readiness assessment SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Naval Sea Syst Command, Ranges Engn & Anal Dept, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Canto, WM (reprint author), USN, Naval Sea Syst Command, Ranges Engn & Anal Dept, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 11 BP 16 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 987YT UT WOS:000233554500003 ER PT J AU Nuckols, ML Adams, TW Holmes, CG AF Nuckols, ML Adams, TW Holmes, CG TI Heating systems for divers using hydrogen catalytic reactions - An alternative to free-flooding hot water suits using the fuel of the future SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Deep Submergence Syst, Panama City, FL USA. RP Nuckols, ML (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 11 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 987YT UT WOS:000233554500007 ER PT J AU Johnson-Freese, J AF Johnson-Freese, J TI Maintaining US leadership in human spaceflight SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material AB What is the right way for the USA to maintain leadership in human spaceflight-important for strategic as much as commercial and scientific reasons-now that China has joined the club? After analysing China's decision to pursue human spaceflight and its implications for the USA, the author argues that isolating China will be counterproductive to US interests, not least by keeping its intentions unknown. Nor should the USA engage in a 'race' with that country. Given China's desire for cooperation and the willingness of most other nations to collaborate with it, trying to prevent technology transfer to it will also be unrealistic. The USA should engage China cooperatively in order to shape its programme and to manage transfers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur Decis Making, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Johnson-Freese, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur Decis Making, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM johnson@nwc.navy.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2005.08.001 PG 4 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 995BU UT WOS:000234075700001 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Sullivan, JM Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Sullivan, JM Whitman, LJ TI Quantification of discrete oxide and sulfur layers on sulfur-passivated InAs by XPS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling Electron Transport for Applications in Electron and X-ray Analysis Metrology CY NOV 08-10, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP AVS, Sci & Technol Soc, Microbeam Anal Soc HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE XPS; indium arsenide; InAs; thioacetamide; oxide; passivation; oxidation; coverage; attenuation ID RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; 50-2000 EV RANGE; MEAN FREE PATHS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; GAAS AB The initial quality and stability in air of InAs(001) surfaces passivated by a weakly-basic solution of thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) is examined by XPS. The S-passivated InAs(001) surface can be modeled as a sulfur-indium-arsenic 'layer-cake' structure, such that characterization requires quantification of both arsenic oxide and sulfur layers that are at most a few monolayers thick. This thickness range complicates the quantitative analysis because neither standard submonolayer nor thick-film models are applicable. Therefore, we develop a discrete-layer model and validate it with angle-resolved XPS data and electron attenuation length (EAL) calculations. We then apply this model to empirically quantify the arsenic oxide and sulfur coverage on the basis of the corresponding XPS intensity ratios. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 37 IS 11 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1002/sia.2095 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 990QI UT WOS:000233757900021 ER PT J AU Hopp, B Smausz, T Kresz, N Barna, N Bor, Z Kolozsvari, L Chrisey, DB Szabo, A Nogradi, A AF Hopp, B Smausz, T Kresz, N Barna, N Bor, Z Kolozsvari, L Chrisey, DB Szabo, A Nogradi, A TI Survival and proliferative ability of various living cell types after laser-induced forward transfer SO TISSUE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; METAL AB The survival, proliferation, and differentiation of freshly isolated and cultured cells were studied after absorbing film-assisted laser-induced forward transfer. Rat Schwann and astroglial cells and pig lens epithelial cells were used for transfer and the cells were cultured for 2 weeks after laser-pulsed transfer. All three cell types survived, proliferated, and differentiated under cell culture conditions and regained their original phenotype a few days after cell transfer. Time resolution studies have shown that the time required to accelerate the jets and droplets containing the cells was less than 1 mu s and that the estimated minimum average acceleration of those ejected cells that reached a constant velocity was approximately 10(7) x g. This suggests that the majority of studied cells tolerated the extremely high acceleration at the beginning of the ejection and the deceleration during impact on the acceptor plate without significant damage to the original phenotype. These results suggest that the absorbing film-assisted laser-induced forward transfer technique appears to be suitable for potential applications in tissue engineering and the biomedical tissue repair technologies. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Laser Phys, Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Ophthalmol, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hopp, B (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Laser Phys, Szeged, Hungary. EM bhopp@physx.u-szeged.hu RI Nogradi, Antal/A-7045-2008; OI Nogradi, Antal/0000-0002-0520-5350; Smausz Kolumban, Tomi/0000-0002-5184-6124 NR 24 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 24 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-3279 J9 TISSUE ENG JI Tissue Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11-12 BP 1817 EP 1823 DI 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1817 PG 7 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering SC Cell Biology GA 005NH UT WOS:000234829500020 PM 16411827 ER PT J AU Van Liew, HD Flynn, ET AF Van Liew, HD Flynn, ET TI Direct ascent from air and N-2-O-2 saturation dives in humans: DCS risk and evidence of a threshold. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; BUBBLE FORMATION; OXYGEN; MODEL AB To estimate the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) for direct ascents from depth to the sea surface for personnel who are saturated with hyperbaric nitrogen, we analyzed 586 experimental air or nitrogen-based saturation dives. No DCS occurred on shallow saturation dives between 12.0 and 20.5 feet of seawater, gauge (fswg) but incidence of DCS rose abruptly when depth was deeper than 20.5 fswg, reaching 27% at 30 fswg. This is evidence of a threshold for clinical DCS. A model based on a Hill function that provides for a threshold predicts the observations better than a model having no threshold provision; the no-threshold model overestimates risk shallower than 20.5 fswg and underestimates risk between 20.5 and 30 fswg. For situations such as submarine rescues, we recommend our threshold model when the exposure pressure is 33 fswg or less. We also discuss deeper dives where there are no human data; extrapolations can be quite different for models that provide for a threshold than for models that do not. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 409 EP 419 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 003GA UT WOS:000234668600003 PM 16509283 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Wave number spectrum and mean square slope of intermediate-scale ocean surface waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SHORT WIND-WAVES; MODEL AB This paper presents an analysis of the wave number spectra of intermediate-scale waves (wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 m) covering a wide range of wind and background wave conditions under various sea-state conditions. The main result of the analysis is that the dependence of the dimensionless wave spectrum on the dimensionless wind friction velocity follows a power law function. The coefficient and exponent of the power law function vary systematically with the wave number. The wave number dependence of the coefficient and exponent serves as an empirical parameterization for computing the wave number spectra of intermediate-scale waves at different wind speeds. Calculation of the mean square slope from the resulting wave number spectrum confirms that intermediate-scale waves are the dominant contributor of the ocean surface roughness. A simple formula is presented for calculating the band-pass filtered mean square slope of the ocean surface for remote sensing applications. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Bldg 1009,Room B151, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM phwang@nlrssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 29 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C10 AR C10029 DI 10.1029/2005JC003002 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 981SJ UT WOS:000233108000004 ER PT J AU Hoppel, K Nedoluha, G Fromm, M Allen, D Bevilacqua, R Alfred, J Johnson, B Konig-Langlo, G AF Hoppel, K Nedoluha, G Fromm, M Allen, D Bevilacqua, R Alfred, J Johnson, B Konig-Langlo, G TI Reduced ozone loss at the upper edge of the Antarctic Ozone Hole during 2001-2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; CLIMATOLOGY; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; RECOVERY; AEROSOL; WINTER AB The top edge (20-22 km) of the Antarctic ozone hole has been identified as a good place to detect ozone recovery (D. J. Hofmann et al., 1997). During the first six POAM observation years (1994-1996, 1998-2000), the early October ozone mixing ratio at the top edge of the ozone hole was nearly constant, while during the last four years (2001-2004) it was noticeably greater. The estimated ozone photochemical loss for air sampled at 20-22 km in 2001-2004 was likewise smaller. During 2001-2004, there were fewer PSCs and generally higher temperatures during August and September at 20-22 km than prior years. The increased ozone was due to both reduced photochemical ozone loss (2001, 2003, and 2004) and enhanced adiabatic descent of the ozone profile (2002). Because of the changing meteorological conditions, the ozone changes at the top edge of the hole cannot be easily attributed to changes in chlorine abundance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Code 7227,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil RI Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012 OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 20 AR L20816 DI 10.1029/2005GL023968 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 981RG UT WOS:000233105100003 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, A Blanc, E Drob, D AF Le Pichon, A Blanc, E Drob, D TI Probing high-altitude winds using infrasound SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; MODEL AB Propagation modeling based on existing semiempirical atmospheric models roughly explains seasonal changes in infrasonic observables but underestimates their fluctuations. The discrepancies between observations and predictions are probably due to the lack of precision in available upper wind models. Here we propose a continuous infrasound monitoring of active volcanoes as a remote sensing method of the upper atmosphere. A refined inversion procedure has been developed for adjusting the vertical structure of the wind in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The results of the inversion show that the speed of the mesospheric wind jet in the original wind model is significantly underestimated and the strong wind region in the stratosphere should be extended to the lower thermosphere. In this regard, it is expected that a global infrasound tomography would greatly enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the upper atmosphere in a region where routine measurements still remain illusive. C1 Commissariat Energie Atom, Lab Detect & Geophys, Dept Anal Surveillance Environm, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commissariat Energie Atom, Lab Detect & Geophys, Dept Anal Surveillance Environm, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Blanc, Elisabeth/D-3890-2009 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Blanc, Elisabeth/0000-0002-1599-4736 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D20 AR D20104 DI 10.1029/2005JD006020 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 981RU UT WOS:000233106500004 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Boos, JB Papanicolaou, NA Bennett, BR Park, D Bass, R AF Weaver, BD Boos, JB Papanicolaou, NA Bennett, BR Park, D Bass, R TI High radiation tolerance of InAs/AlSb high-electron-mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMORPHIC HEMTS; IRRADIATION; IMPACT AB InAs/AlSb-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were irradiated with 2 MeV protons. Radiation damage caused the source-drain current I-ds to decrease nearly linearly with fluence Phi at a rate of Delta[I-ds(Phi)/I-ds(0)]/Delta Phi approximate to 7x10(-16) cm(2). Radiation-induced decreases in I-ds have been observed for other HEMT material systems, and have been attributed to high-efficiency defect-induced scattering of carriers out of the two-dimensional electron gas. However, in the InAs/AlSb system the rate of decrease of I-ds is about 140 times less than that for typical GaAs/AlGaAs HEMTs. An explanation is presented in which the high radiation tolerance of InAs/AlSb HEMTs is related to carrier reinjection and the unusually large energy offset between the AlSb barriers and the InAs quantum well. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weaver1@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 17 AR 173501 DI 10.1063/1.2115071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 976HK UT WOS:000232723700072 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Richardson, SL Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Searching for the vibrational signatures of the Zn-Zn stretching mode in decamethyldizincocene (Zn-2(eta(5)-Cp*)(2)): The first organometallic compound with a metallic homonuclear Zn-Zn bond SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DICYCLOPENTADIENYLZINC; MOLECULES; ELECTRON; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITIES; SPECTRA; FORCES; GAS AB Decamethyldizincocene (Zn-2(eta(5)-Cp*)(2)) is the first example of a stable organometallic compound with a homonuclear metal Zn-Zn bond. Although its structural properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution mass spectroscopy, it has been suggested that its experimental infrared and Raman spectra might not be particularly useful in identifying the Zn-Zn stretch mode in Zn-2(eta(5)-Cp*)(2), We have used density-functional theory (DFT) to calculate both an infrared (IR) and Raman spectra for Zn-2(eta(5)-CP*)(2). In particular, our results clearly identify a number of low frequency Raman active modes wherein Zn-Zn twist and stretch modes are clearly identifiable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF, CREST,Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Techno, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF, CREST,Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Techno, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM richards@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2005 VL 415 IS 1-3 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.08.122 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 977IG UT WOS:000232796100028 ER PT J AU Crane, JM Mao, CF Lilly, AA Smith, VF Suo, YY Hubbell, WL Randall, LL AF Crane, JM Mao, CF Lilly, AA Smith, VF Suo, YY Hubbell, WL Randall, LL TI Mapping of the docking of SecA onto the chaperone SecB by site-directed spin labeling: Insight into the mechanism of ligand transfer during protein export SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SecA; SecB; export; site-directed spin labeling; chaperone ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SIDE-CHAINS; BINDING; MOTION; TRANSLOCATION; DYNAMICS AB Export of protein into the periplasm of Escherichia coli via the general secretory system is achieved by action of a ternary complex comprising the polypeptide ligand, the chaperone SecB and SecA, a peripheral component of the membrane translocon, which is itself an ATPase. The unfolded ligand is captured initially by SecB and must be transferred to SecA and subsequently through the membrane translocon into the periplasm. We have taken the first steps in the elucidation of the mechanism of this dynamic transfer by determining the interface of interaction between SecB and SecA. Site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were combined to identify which of the residues on SecB showed changes in spectral line shape upon addition of SecA. In all, 43% of the surface of SecB was covered by the 41 positions examined. A model of docking between SecB and SecA is proposed based on the pattern of amino acid residues on SecB shown to make contacts when in complex with SecA. This model in combination with previously published biochemical data provides insight into the transfer of the unfolded polypeptide from the chaperone SecB to SecA. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Crane, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM craneje@missouri.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY005216-24, EY05216, R01 EY005216]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM29798] NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 2 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.022 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 973EL UT WOS:000232505600008 PM 16169560 ER PT J AU Ware, ME Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Doty, MF Bracker, AS Gershoni, D Korenev, VL Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL AF Ware, ME Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Doty, MF Bracker, AS Gershoni, D Korenev, VL Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL TI Polarized fine structure in the photoluminescence excitation spectrum of a negatively charged quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; TRION AB We report polarized photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of the negative trion in single charge-tunable InAs/GaAs quantum dots. The spectrum exhibits a p-shell resonance with polarized fine structure arising from the direct excitation of the electron spin triplet states. The energy splitting arises from the axially symmetric electron-hole exchange interaction. The magnitude and sign of the polarization are understood from the spin character of the triplet states and a small amount of quantum dot asymmetry, which mixes the wave functions through asymmetric e-e and e-h exchange interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ware, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014; OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Gershoni, David/0000-0002-3039-9919 NR 27 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 17 AR 177403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.177403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 976HP UT WOS:000232724400070 PM 16383867 ER PT J AU Wolff, MT Becker, PA Ray, PS Wood, KS AF Wolff, MT Becker, PA Ray, PS Wood, KS TI A strong X-ray burst from the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-67 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : distances; stars : individual ( EXO 0748-676); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID PHOTOSPHERIC RADIUS EXPANSION; NEUTRON-STAR; ECLIPSE TIMINGS; EXO 0748-676; LUMINOSITIES; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY; VOLANTIS; SPECTRA AB We have observed an unusually strong X-ray burst as a part of our regular eclipse timing observations of the low-mass binary system EXO 0748 - 676. The burst peak flux was 5.2 x 10(-8) ergs cm(-2)s(-1), approximately 5 times the normal peak X-ray burst flux observed from this source by RXTE. Spectral fits to the data strongly suggest that photospheric radius expansion occurred during the burst. In this paper we examine the properties of this X-ray burst, which is the first example of a radius expansion burst from EXO 0748 - 676 observed by RXTE. We find no evidence for coherent burst oscillations. Assuming that the peak burst luminosity is the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 M-circle dot neutron star, we derive a distance to EXO 0748 - 676 of 7.7 kpc for a helium-dominated burst photosphere and 5.9 kpc for a hydrogen-dominated burst photosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil; pbecker@gmu.edu; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 632 IS 2 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1086/444348 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974CO UT WOS:000232569100041 ER PT J AU Brosius, JW Landi, E AF Brosius, JW Landi, E TI Properties of a sunspot plume observed with the coronal diagnostic spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : corona; sunspots; sun : transition region; sun : UV radiation ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; TRANSITION REGION; ACTIVE-REGION; LINE INTENSITIES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOHO; RADIO; OSCILLATIONS AB We used three instruments (CDS, EIT, MDI) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft to observe the large sunspot in NOAA Active Region 8539 on 1999 May 9 and 13. The spot contained a bright plume, most easily seen in EUV emission lines formed at 5.2 less than or similar to log T less than or similar to 5.7 (where T is the temperature in K), in its umbra on both dates. The plume's differential emission measure (DEM) exhibited one and only one broad peak, centered around log T similar to 5.8 on May 9 and around log T similar to 5.6 on May 13, and exceeded the DEM of the quiet Sun by more than an order of magnitude at these temperatures. The high-temperature portion of the plume's DEM resembled that of nearby quiet-Sun areas. Intensity ratios of the O(IV) lines at 625.8 and 554.5 angstrom yield log n(e) (where ne is the electron density in cm(-3)) of 9.6(-0.6)(+0.3) in the plume on May 9 and 9.7(-0.2)(+0.2) on May 13; values of 9.4(-0.9)(+0.3) and 9.4(-0.3)(+0.2) were obtained in the quiet-Sun areas on the same dates. Based on abundance enhancements derived from transition region emission lines of Ca, an element with low first ionization potential, elemental abundances in the plume appear to be coronal rather than photospheric. The plume plasma reveals a bipolar Doppler velocity flow pattern, in which maximum downflows in excess of 37 km s(-1) are observed in the northeast portion of the plume, and maximum upflows that exceed 52 km s(-1) are observed in the northwest. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brosius, JW (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 632 IS 2 BP 1196 EP 1203 DI 10.1086/444452 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974CO UT WOS:000232569100051 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Isaacs, WB Platz, EA Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Kane, CJ AF Freedland, SJ Isaacs, WB Platz, EA Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Kane, CJ TI Prostate size and risk of high-grade, advanced prostate cancer and biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy: A search database study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW SERUM TESTOSTERONE; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; UROLOGIC MEASURES; ANTIGEN ERA; HYPERPLASIA; RECURRENCE; MEN; YOUNGER; STAGE AB Purpose Prostate growth and differentiation are under androgenic control, and prior studies suggested that tumors that develop in hypogonadal men are more aggressive. We examined whether prostate weight was associated with tumor grade, advanced disease, or risk of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients and Methods We evaluated the association of prostate weight with pathologic tumor grade, positive surgical margins, extracapsular disease, and seminal vesicle invasion using logistic regression and with biochemical progression using Cox proportional hazards regression among 1,602 men treated with BP between 1988 and 2003 at five equal-access medical centers, which composed the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Database. Results In outcome prediction models including multiple predictor variables, it was found that the predictor variable of prostate weight was significantly inversely associated with the outcomes of high-grade disease, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension (all P <= .004), and biochemical progression (comparing prostate weight < 20 v >= 100 g: relative risk = 8.43; 95% CI, 2.9 to 24.0; P < .001). Similar associations were seen between preoperative transrectal ultrasound-measured prostate volume and high-grade disease, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension (all P <= .005), seminal vesicle invasion (P = .07), and biochemical progression (P = .06). Conclusion Men with smaller prostates had more high-grade cancers and more advanced disease and were at greater risk of progression after RP. These results suggest that prostate size may be an important prognostic variable that should be evaluated for use pre- and postoperatively to predict biochemical progression. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Care Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Vet Adm, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Urol, Sch Med,Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect,Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938] NR 46 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 30 BP 7546 EP 7554 DI 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.025 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 979IJ UT WOS:000232935300028 PM 16234520 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Neale, PJ Coffin, RB Boyd, TJ Osburn, SL AF O'Sullivan, DW Neale, PJ Coffin, RB Boyd, TJ Osburn, SL TI Photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide in coastal waters SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; organic peroxides; photochemistry; seawater ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; SOUTH FLORIDA; ORINOCO RIVER; CARBON; TROPOSPHERE; SEAWATER; ACID AB Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been observed in significant concentrations in many natural waters. Because hydrogen peroxide can act as an oxidant and reductant, it participates in an extensive suite of reactions in surface waters. Hydrogen peroxide is produced as a secondary photochemical product of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) photolysis. Apparent quantum yields for the photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide were determined in laboratory irradiations of filtered surface waters from several locations in the Chesapeake Bay and in Arctic coastal waters with varying levels of CDOM. The apparent quantum yield for H2O2 decreases by about an order of magnitude from 280 nm to 500 nm, and the majority of H2O2 production occurs at wavelengths less than 340 nm. The apparent quantum yield for H2O2 production at 290 nm ranged from 4.2 x 10(-4) to 2.1 X 10(-6) mol H2O2 (mol photons)(-1) from freshwater to marine waters. A linear relationship was found between the production of H2O2 and change in CDOM absorbance characterized as photobleaching (loss of absorbance). No significant relationship was observed between DOC concentration and peroxide production. Methylhydroperoxide (CH3O2H) was the only short chain peroxide produced during the irradiations, and its production is at least an order magnitude less than that of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide production was greatest in waters containing significant amounts of terrigenous C in the form of humic substances. Surface waters whose synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of polyaromatic and/ or extensive conjugated compounds exhibited the greatest peroxide production. CDOM photobleaching is not significantly linked to apparent quantum yields for peroxide production. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osullivan@usna.edu RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.04.003 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 978ZP UT WOS:000232912100003 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI The role of density and temperature in the dynamics of polymer blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(VINYL METHYL-ETHER) MIXTURES; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; POLYSTYRENE MIXTURES; SUPERCOOLED DYNAMICS; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; OXIDE) BLENDS AB The relative effect of volume and thermal energy on the local segmental dynamics, as reflected in the ratio of the isochoric, E-V, and isobaric, E-P, activation enthalpies, is determined for blends of polystyrene (PS) with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and with poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME). We find that neat PPO near T-g has the lowest value of E-V/E-P = 0.25 +/- 0.02 reported for any polymer, indicating volume-dominated dynamics. Addition of the lower T-g PS alleviates constraints on local motion, resulting in a weaker volume effect. The opposite situation prevails with PS/PVME blends. PS has a higher T-g, and in blends segmental relaxation of the PVME becomes more controlled by volume than for neat PVME. We also show herein that the relaxation times for the PVME/PS blends measured at various T and P superpose when plotted vs T nu(gamma), where nu is the specific volume and gamma is a material constant. This scaling, which has previously been demonstrated for various neat glass-formers and is reported herein for the first time for a blend, enables E-V/E-P to be determined at T-g in the absence of actual measurements near T-g. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 18 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 21 BP 8729 EP 8733 DI 10.1021/ma051481f PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 974AX UT WOS:000232564800017 ER PT J AU Wille-Reece, U Flynn, BJ Lore, K Koup, RA Kedl, RM Mattapallil, JJ Weiss, WR Roederer, M Seder, RA AF Wille-Reece, U Flynn, BJ Lore, K Koup, RA Kedl, RM Mattapallil, JJ Weiss, WR Roederer, M Seder, RA TI HIV Gag protein conjugated to a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of Th1 and CD8(+) T cell responses in nonhuman primates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE vaccine; dendritic cell; cross-presentation; cellular immunity ID PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; PROMOTE EXPANSION; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; I INTERFERON; SUBSETS; ACTIVATION; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN AB Induction and maintenance of antibody and T cell responses will be critical for developing a successful vaccine against HIV. A rational approach for generating such responses is to design vaccines or adjuvants that have the capacity to activate specific antigen-presenting cells. In this regard, dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells for generating primary T cell responses. Here, we report that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and ligands that activate DCs in vitro influence the magnitude and quality of the cellular immune response in nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administered with HIV Gag protein. NHPs immunized with HIV Gag protein and a TLR7/8 agonist or a TLR9 ligand [CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN)] had significantly increased Gag-specific T helper I and antibody responses, compared with animals immunized with HIV Gag protein alone. importantly, conjugating the HIV Gag protein to the TLR7/8 agonist (Gag-TLR7/8 conjugate) dramatically enhanced the magnitude and altered the quality of the T helper 1 response, compared with animals immunized with HIV Gag protein and the TLR7/8 agonist or CpG ODN. Furthermore, immunization with the Gag-TLR7/8 conjugate vaccine elicited Gag-specific CD8(+) T responses. Collectively, our results show that conjugating HIV Gag protein to a TLR7/8 agonist is an effective way to elicit broad-based adaptive immunity in NHPs. This type of vaccine formulation should have utility in preventive or therapeutic vaccines in which humoral and cellular immunity is required. C1 NIH, Cellular Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Immunol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, ImmunoTechnol Sect, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 3M Pharmaceut, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Seder, RA (reprint author), NIH, Cellular Immunol Sect, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rseder@mail.nih.gov RI Roederer, Mario/G-1887-2011 NR 31 TC 188 Z9 194 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 42 BP 15190 EP 15194 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507484102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977NZ UT WOS:000232811800046 PM 16219698 ER PT J AU Cummings, DAT Schwartz, IB Billings, L Shaw, LB Burke, DS AF Cummings, DAT Schwartz, IB Billings, L Shaw, LB Burke, DS TI Dynamic effects of anti body-dependent enhancement on the fitness of viruses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dengue; adaptive; trade-off ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; INFECTION; THAILAND; PERSISTENCE; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODIES; BANGKOK AB Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a phenomenon in which viral replication is increased rather than decreased by immune sera, has been observed in vitro for a large number of viruses of public health importance, including flaviviruses, coronaviruses, and retroviruses. The most striking in vivo example of ADE in humans is dengue hemorrhagic fever, a disease in which AIDE is thought to increase the severity of clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection by increasing virus replication. We examine the epidemiological impact of AIDE on the prevalence and persistence of viral serotypes. Using a dynamical system model of n cocirculating dengue serotypes, we find that AIDE may provide a competitive advantage to those serotypes that undergo enhancement compared with those that do not, and that this advantage increases with increasing numbers of cocirculating serotypes. Paradoxically, there are limits to the selective advantage provided by increasing levels of ADE, because greater levels of enhancement induce large amplitude oscillations in incidence of all dengue virus infections, threatening the persistence of both the enhanced and nonenhanced serotypes. Although the models presented here are specifically designed for dengue, our results are applicable to any epidemiological system in which partial immunity increases pathogen replication rates. Our results suggest that enhancement is most advantageous in settings where multiple serotypes circulate and where a large host population is available to support pathogen persistence during the deep troughs of ADE-induced large amplitude oscillations of virus replication. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Burke, DS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dburke@jhsph.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U01 GM070749] NR 40 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 42 BP 15259 EP 15264 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507320102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977NZ UT WOS:000232811800058 PM 16217017 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Melinger, JS Deschamps, JR Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Melinger, JS Deschamps, JR Mattoussi, H TI A reagentless biosensing assembly based on quantum dot-donor Forster resonance energy transfer SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MALTOSE-BINDING; PROTEIN; DESIGN; SENSOR; AFFINITY; RECEPTOR AB On the surface of a quantum dot (QD), maltose-binding protein (MBP, white and yellow in Figure) labeled with a cyanine dye (red) self-assembles, resulting in Forster resonance energy transfer between the acceptor dye and the OD donor. Upon binding maltose, MBP undergoes a conformational change (white reversible arrow yellow), causing concentration-dependent photoluminescence changes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lmedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; Hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 25 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 17 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 20 BP 2450 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500722 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 976WP UT WOS:000232764500009 ER PT J AU Tipple, CA Smith, M Collins, GE AF Tipple, CA Smith, M Collins, GE TI Development of a microfabricated impinger for on-chip gas phase sampling SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE impinger; microchip; hydrogen cyanide; sampling ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP; AMMONIA; AIR AB The design and development of a glass fabricated microimpinger for gas phase sampling of hydrogen cyanide is described. Using standard glass microfabrication techniques, a microimpinger consisting of a gas sample inlet, gas delivery arms, and an extraction reservoir was used to extract dilute hydrogen cyanide vapor from a gas delivery system using a basic aqueous trapping buffer. A Teflon membrane was utilized for containing the liquid sample in the extraction reservoir. Extraction efficiency for sampling hydrogen cyanide was monitored by forming a fluorescent cyanide isoindole in the reaction of cyanide with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and taurine. Experiments using a flow of 2 mL min(-1) and a sampling time of 1 min were used to measure cyanide vapors as low as 1.9 mg m(-3), with a calculated limit of detection of 0.486 mg m(-3). The effects of the vacuum flow rate and sampling time were also investigated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 17 PY 2005 VL 551 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.044 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 973EH UT WOS:000232505200002 ER PT J AU Ramsey, JD Collins, GE AF Ramsey, JD Collins, GE TI Integrated microfluidic device for solid-phase extraction coupled to micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROCHIP-DEVICE; POSTCOLUMN REACTOR; PROTEIN DIGESTION; SYSTEM; ELECTROPHORESIS; PEPTIDES; INJECTOR AB An integrated microdevice was utilized for the autonomous coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) to micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Porous plugs of polymethacrylate polymer (similar to 200 mu m in length) were fabricated by ultraviolet irradiation in microchannels. Microcolumns of hydrophobic beads packed against the polymethacrylate plugs were utilized for the quantitative extraction of rhodamine B, yielding preconcentration factors over 200 for a 90-s extraction. The calculated detection limit for this dye was 60 M. A sample of coumarin dyes were concentrated by SPE, eluted in a nonaqueous solvent from a separate on-chip reservoir, and injected by a gated valve onto a separate column for MEKC analysis. Using the integrated device, a completely automated sequence of extraction, elution, injection, separation, and detection were performed in less than 5 min. Observed separation efficiencies were high, with plate heights below 2 mu m. The analysis was at least 3 times faster than semiautomated, conventional, solid-phase extraction, while requiring no user intervention. The design, fabrication, and autonomous operation of the device is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 20 BP 6664 EP 6670 DI 10.1021/ac0507789 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 977ET UT WOS:000232785900020 PM 16223254 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Meyer, JR Nguyen, J Evans, A Yu, JS Darvish, SR Slivken, S Razeghi, M AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Meyer, JR Nguyen, J Evans, A Yu, JS Darvish, SR Slivken, S Razeghi, M TI Characterization and analysis of single-mode high-power continuous-wave quantum-cascade laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; LAMBDA-SIMILAR-TO-4.8 MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; OPERATION AB We measured and modeled the performance characteristics of a distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser exhibiting high-power continuous-wave (CW) operation in a single spectral mode at lambda approximate to 4.8 mu m and temperatures up to 333 K. The sidemode suppression ratio exceeds 25 dB, and the emission remains robustly single mode at all currents and temperatures tested. CW output powers of 99 mW at 298 K and 357 mW at 200 K are obtained at currents well below the thermal rollover point. The slope efficiency and subthreshold amplified spontaneous emission spectra are shown to be consistent with a coupling coefficient of no more than kappa L approximate to 4-5, which is substantially lower than the estimate of 9 based on the nominal grating fabrication parameters. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil; razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 8 AR 084508 DI 10.1063/1.2112170 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 979JF UT WOS:000232937500087 ER PT J AU Chahroudi, A Sawadogo, S Ellenberger, D Pieniazek, D Borget-Alloue, MY Aidoo, M Koblavi-Deme, S Fernandez-Vina, M Maurice, C Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN McNicholl, JM AF Chahroudi, A Sawadogo, S Ellenberger, D Pieniazek, D Borget-Alloue, MY Aidoo, M Koblavi-Deme, S Fernandez-Vina, M Maurice, C Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN McNicholl, JM TI Measurement of HIV-1 CRF02_AG - Specific T cell responses indicates the dominance of a p24(gag) epitope in blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2003 Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL New York, NY ID VIRAL LOAD; SUBTYPES; VACCINE; PLASMA; GAG AB Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific immune responses against subtypes circulating in areas where the virus is endemic is critical for the design of candidate vaccines. In Cote d'Ivoire, the most prevalent HIV-1 subtype is CRF02_AG. We detected T cell responses to CRF02_AG consensus p24(gag) or protease peptides in 81% of HIV-1- or HIV-1/2-infected blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Both the magnitude and the breadth of interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot responses were inversely correlated with plasma viral load. One frequently recognized peptide in p24gag was mapped to the optimal epitope (TPQDLNMML). Further studies of this epitope may be important for the development of HIV-1 vaccines for West Africa and West-Central Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD& TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV SRD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, USN, Res Inst,CW Bill Young Dept Def Marrow Donor Prog, Kensington, MD USA. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Chahroudi, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM achahro@emory.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 8 BP 1417 EP 1421 DI 10.1086/466525 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 966EI UT WOS:000232002200016 PM 16170760 ER PT J AU Swannack, C Cox, C Liakos, A Hirt, D AF Swannack, C Cox, C Liakos, A Hirt, D TI A three-dimensional simulation of barrier properties of nanocomposite films SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite films; diffusion; barrier properties; 3D modeling; Monte Carlo simulations ID DIFFUSION AB Monte Carlo simulations are conducted in two and three dimensions to compute the diffusion coefficients of gas molecules permeating membranes containing oriented platelets. The effects of platelet aspect ratio, relative separation, loading and spatial dimension are examined. The model of Aris [R. Aris, On a problem in hindered diffusion, Arch. Ration. Mech Anal. 95 (2) (1986) 83-91] is shown to correlate well with a 2D Monte Carlo simulation. However, the Aris model, when compared to a 3D simulation, over-predicts the barrier-effect of filler, by 50% in some cases. Additionally, flaws in idealized geometries for 3D models are addressed and a new 3D geometry is presented. The results have particular value for nanocomposite films at low platelet loadings. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM swannack@mit.edu; clcox@ces.clemson.edu; liakos@usna.edu; hirtd@clemson.edu NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.023 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 972FJ UT WOS:000232439300004 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Riddle, MS Jones, LE Furtek, KJ Christensen, AR Tasker, SA Hale, BR AF Petersen, K Riddle, MS Jones, LE Furtek, KJ Christensen, AR Tasker, SA Hale, BR TI Use of bilirubin as a marker of adherence to atazanavir-based antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; INFECTED PATIENTS; PATIENT AB We retrospectively reviewed 134 patients to evaluate atazanavir-related bilirubin elevation as an adherence marker. Using a 2 log reduction or undetectable viral load as a marker for suppression, the median bilirubin increase at first follow-up was 1.3 (0.7-2.2), versus 0.2 (-0.05-0.65) for those not suppressed. Am increase in bilirubin of more than 0.4 mg/dl correctly classified 81% of patients as having successful treatment response (sensitivity 87%, specificity 63%), suggesting that bilirubin is a good adherence marker. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 15 BP 1700 EP 1702 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000186826.60983.85 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 976VX UT WOS:000232762700021 PM 16184044 ER PT J AU McClean, JL Ivanova, DP Sprintall, J AF McClean, JL Ivanova, DP Sprintall, J TI Remote origins of interannual variability in the Indonesian Throughflow region from data and a global Parallel Ocean Program simulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTH JAVA CURRENT; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; ROSSBY WAVES; PACIFIC; MODEL; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OSCILLATION; MECHANISMS AB The mean and interannual variability of the thermal structure of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) repeat IX1-expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transect between Java and Western Australia were compared statistically for the years 1987-1997 with concurrent, co-located output from a global eddy-permitting configuration of the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model forced with realistic surface fluxes. Dominant variability at long timescales for both model and data in the southern IX1 region was associated with Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events; at the northern end it was due to remote equatorial Indian Ocean forcing and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode events. In the Indo-Pacific domain the model reproduced the structure and magnitude of observed low-frequency variability. Event analyses following the warm ENSO phase showed low-frequency off-equatorial Rossby waves interacting with the North Pacific western maritime boundary to reflect onto the equator and excite a coastally trapped response that propagated through the Indonesian seas and along the northwest coast of Australia. In turn, the signal progressively propagated away from this coast as free baroclinic Rossby waves to 90 degrees E. Cross-spectral analyses confirmed that on interannual timescales, both off-equatorial and equatorial signals remotely forced in the Pacific were largely responsible for the strong observed and modeled variability at the southern end of IX1. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jmcclean@ucsd.edu NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C10 AR C10013 DI 10.1029/2004JC002477 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 975UJ UT WOS:000232688300001 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Aguilar-Rodriguez, E Yashiro, S Nunes, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Aguilar-Rodriguez, E Yashiro, S Nunes, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA TI Type II radio bursts and energetic solar eruptions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; WIND SPACECRAFT; EMISSIONS; ORIGIN; SUN; ACCELERATION; PROPAGATION; CMES AB [1] We report on a study of type II radio bursts from the Wind/WAVES experiment in conjunction with white-light coronal mass ejections (CME) from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The type II bursts considered here have emission components in all the spectral domains: metric, decameter-hectometric (DH) and kilometric ( km), so we refer to them as m-to-km type II bursts. CMEs associated with the m-to-km type II bursts were more energetic than those associated with bursts in any single wavelength regime. CMEs associated with type II bursts confined to the metric domain were more energetic ( wider and faster) than the general population of CMEs but less energetic than CMEs associated with DH type II bursts. Thus the CME kinetic energy seems to organize the life time of the type II bursts. Contrary to previous results, the starting frequency of metric type II bursts with interplanetary counterparts seems to be no different from that of type II bursts without interplanetary counterparts. We also verified this by showing that the average CME height at the onset time of the type II bursts is the same for the two metric populations. The majority (78%) of the m-to-km type II bursts were associated with solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The solar sources of the small fraction of m- to-km type II bursts without SEP association were poorly connected to the observer near Earth. Finally, we found that the m- to-km type II bursts were associated with bigger flares compared to the purely metric type II bursts. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Code 695-0,Bldg 21,Room 260, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 40 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12S07 DI 10.1029/2005JA011158 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975UU UT WOS:000232689700002 ER PT J AU Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Akiyama, S Michalek, G Howard, RA AF Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Akiyama, S Michalek, G Howard, RA TI Visibility of coronal mass ejections as a function of flare location and intensity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMM OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; SHOCK-WAVES; TRANSIENTS; EMISSION; EVENTS; SPEEDS; STORMS; LASCO; CMES AB [1] We report the visibility ( detection efficiency) of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) of the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We collected 1301 X-ray flare events ( above C3 level) detected by the GOES satellite and examined their CME associations using data from LASCO coronagraphs. The CME visibility was examined using the longitudinal variation of CME association of X-ray flares, under the assumption that all CMEs associated with limb flares are detectable by LASCO. Our findings are ( 1) the CME association rate clearly increased with X-ray flare size from 20% for C-class flares ( between C3 and C9 levels) to 100% for huge flares ( above X3 level), ( 2) all CMEs associated with X-class flares were detected by the LASCO coronagraphs, while half ( 25 - 67%) of CMEs associated with C-class flares were invisible. We examined the statistical properties of the flare-associated CMEs and compared them by flare size and longitude. CMEs associated with X-class flares were significantly faster ( median 1556 km/s) and wider ( median 244 degrees) than those of CMEs associated with disk C-class flares ( 432 km/s, 68 degrees). We conclude that all fast and wide CMEs are detectable by LASCO, but slow and narrow CMEs may not be visible when the CMEs originate from the disk center. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov; michalek@oa.uj.edu.pl; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12S05 DI 10.1029/2005JA011151 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975UU UT WOS:000232689700001 ER PT J AU Davis, J Borisov, AB Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Davis, J Borisov, AB Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Multikilovolt channelled x-ray propagation in water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHORT LASER-PULSES; PLASMAS; INTENSE; AMPLIFICATION; RADIATION AB Water is a nearly ideal medium for the production of confined modes of propagation with the relativistic/charge-displacement mechanism in the multikilovolt x-ray region. Calculations for lambda(x) similar to 2.9 angstrom anchored to experimental data in the ultraviolet (248 nm) region yield stable channels having a characteristic diameter of similar to 190 angstrom, a propagating intensity of similar to 10(26) W cm(-2) and a loss parameter due to photoionization of similar to 0.3 mJ cm(-1). These values are consistent with the generation of x-ray channels conducting coherent x-ray fluences > 10(10) J cm(-2) in water over a length of similar to 1 m, a range a factor of similar to 10(4) greater than the distance associated with linear propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 19 BP L309 EP L313 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/19/L01 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 991KJ UT WOS:000233812600001 ER PT J AU Lehmann, MF Sigman, DM McCorkle, DC Brunelle, BG Hoffmann, S Kienast, M Cane, G Clement, J AF Lehmann, MF Sigman, DM McCorkle, DC Brunelle, BG Hoffmann, S Kienast, M Cane, G Clement, J TI Origin of the deep Bering Sea nitrate deficit: Constraints from the nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of water column nitrate and benthic nitrate fluxes SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; FRESH-WATER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SHELF SEDIMENTS; BIOGENIC SILICA; FIXED NITROGEN AB [1] On the basis of the normalization to phosphate, a significant amount of nitrate is missing from the deep Bering Sea (BS). Benthic denitrification has been suggested previously to be the dominant cause for the BS nitrate deficit. We measured water column nitrate (15)N/(14)N and (18)O/(16)O as integrative tracers of microbial denitrification, together with pore water-derived benthic nitrate fluxes in the deep BS basin, in order to gain new constraints on the mechanism of fixed nitrogen loss in the BS. The lack of any nitrate isotope enrichment into the deep part of the BS supports the benthic denitrification hypothesis. On the basis of the nitrate deficit in the water column with respect to the adjacent North Pacific and a radiocarbon-derived ventilation age of similar to 50 years, we calculate an average deep BS (> 2000 m water depth) sedimentary denitrification rate of similar to 230 mu mol N m(-2) d(-1) (or 1.27 Tg N yr(-1)), more than 3 times higher than high- end estimates of the average global sedimentary denitrification rate for the same depth interval. Pore water-derived estimates of benthic denitrification were variable, and uncertainties in estimates were large. A very high denitrification rate measured from the base of the steep northern slope of the basin suggests that the elevated average sedimentary denitrification rate of the deep Bering calculated from the nitrate deficit is driven by organic matter supply to the base of the continental slope, owing to a combination of high primary productivity in the surface waters along the shelf break and efficient down-slope sediment focusing along the steep continental slopes that characterize the BS. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lehmann, MF (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Geochem & Geodynam Res Ctr, GEOTOP UQAM McGill, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM lehmann.moritz@uqam.ca RI Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008; Lehmann, Moritz/A-3301-2014 OI Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973; Lehmann, Moritz/0000-0003-0626-5942 NR 68 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 12 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 AR GB4005 DI 10.1029/2005GB002508 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 975TW UT WOS:000232686600002 ER PT J AU Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Canty, T Salawitch, R Santee, M AF Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R Canty, T Salawitch, R Santee, M TI A measurement/model comparison of ozone photochemical loss in the Antarctic ozone hole using Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement observations and the Match technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POAM-III OZONE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; ARCTIC WINTER; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; BROMINE BUDGET; CHEMICAL LOSS; VORTEX; DEPLETION; CLO AB [1] The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) instrument has provided 6 years ( 1998 to present) of Antarctic ozone profile measurements, which detail the annual formation of the ozone hole. During the period of ozone hole formation the measurement latitude follows the edge of the polar night and presents a unique challenge for comparing with model simulations. The formation of the ozone hole has been simulated by using a photochemical box model with an ensemble of trajectories, and the results were sampled at the measurement latitude for comparison with the measured ozone. The agreement is generally good but very sensitive to the model dynamics and less sensitive to changes in the model chemistry. In order to better isolate the chemical ozone loss the Match technique was applied to 5 years of data to directly calculate ozone photochemical loss rates. The measured loss rates are specific to the high solar zenith angle conditions of the POAM-Match trajectories and are found to increase slowly from July to early August and then increase rapidly until mid-September. The Match results are sensitive to the choice of meteorological analysis used for the trajectory calculations. The ECMWF trajectories yield the smallest, and perhaps most accurate, peak loss rates that can be reproduced by a photochemical model using standard JPL 2002 kinetics, assuming reactive bromine (BrOx) of 14 pptv based solely on contributions from CH3Br and halons, and without requiring ClOx to exceed the upper limit for available inorganic chlorine of 3.7 ppbv. Larger Match ozone loss rates are found for the late August and early September period if trajectories based on UKMO and NCEP analyses are employed. Such loss rates require higher values for ClO and/or BrO than can be simulated using JPL 2002 chemical kinetics and complete activation of chlorine. In these cases, the agreement between modeled and measured loss rates is significantly improved if the model employs larger ClOOCl cross sections ( e. g., Burkholder et al., 1990) and BrOx of 24 ppt which reflects significant contributions from very short-lived bromocarbons to the inorganic bromine budget. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 12 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D19 AR D19304 DI 10.1029/2004JD005651 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 975TZ UT WOS:000232687000002 ER PT J AU Hood, A Razeghi, M Aifer, EH Brown, GJ AF Hood, A Razeghi, M Aifer, EH Brown, GJ TI On the performance and surface passivation of type IIInAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes for the very-long-wavelength infrared SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MU-M; CUTOFF; RANGE AB We demonstrate very-long-wavelength infrared type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength (lambda(c,50%)) of 17 mu m. We observed a zero-bias, peak Johnson noise-limited detectivity of 7.63x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W at 77 K with a 90%-10% cutoff width of 17 meV, and quantum efficiency of 30%. Variable area diode zero-bias resistance-area product (R(0)A) measurements indicated that silicon dioxide passivation increased surface resistivity by nearly a factor of 5, over unpassivated photodiodes, and increased overall R(0)A uniformity. The bulk R(0)A at 77 K was found to be 0.08 Omega cm(2), with RA increasing more than twofold at 25 mV reverse bias. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 15 AR 151113 DI 10.1063/1.2089170 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 972GL UT WOS:000232442200013 ER PT J AU Zuo, X Yang, A Yoon, SD Christodoulides, JA Harris, VG Vittoria, C AF Zuo, X Yang, A Yoon, SD Christodoulides, JA Harris, VG Vittoria, C TI Large induced magnetic anisotropy in manganese spinel ferrite films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHASE-SHIFTER; CIRCULATORS; HEXAFERRITE AB The oxygen pressure dependence of magnetic anisotropy in pulse laser deposited manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) films was investigated. Magnetic anisotropy fields (H-a) are shown to exceed 5 kOe when films were processed at oxygen pressures below 5 mTorr. Further, it is shown that the magnetically preferred direction of H-a can be aligned either along the film plane (p(O2)< 8 mTorr) or perpendicular to it (p(O2)>8 mTorr). The ability to induce large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in spinel ferrites allows for new applications (i.e., phase shifters, filters, isolators, and circulators) near or above X-band frequencies to be considered. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM harris@ece.neu.edu RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Zuo, Xu/H-3358-2014 OI Zuo, Xu/0000-0001-9440-1021 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 15 AR 152505 DI 10.1063/1.2084341 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 972GL UT WOS:000232442200047 ER PT J AU Immler, S Fesen, RA Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW Petre, R Lewin, WHG Pooley, D Pietsch, W Aschenbach, B Hammell, MC Rudie, GC AF Immler, S Fesen, RA Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW Petre, R Lewin, WHG Pooley, D Pietsch, W Aschenbach, B Hammell, MC Rudie, GC TI Late-time X-ray, UV, and optical monitoring of supernova 1979C SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; galaxies : individual (M100, NGC 4321); supernovae : individual (SN 1979C); ultraviolet : ISM; X-rays : general; X-rays : individual (M100, NGC 4321, SN1979C); X-rays : ISM ID PRESUPERNOVA MASS-LOSS; SN 1979C; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; II SUPERNOVAE; GALAXY M100; EMISSION; CHANDRA; SN1979C; PROGENITOR AB We present results from observations of supernova (SN) 1979C with the Newton X-Ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) mission in X-rays and in UV, archival X-ray, and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data, and follow-up ground-based optical imaging. The XMM-Newton MOS spectrum shows the best-fit two-temperature thermal plasma emission characteristics of both the forward (kT(high) = 4:1(-2.4)(+76) keV) and reverse shock (kT(low) = 0.79(-0.17)(+0.24) keV) with no intrinsic absorption. The long-term X-ray light curve, constructed from all X-ray data available, reveals that SN 1979C is still radiating at a flux level similar to that detected by ROSAT in 1995, showing no sign of a decline over the last 6 years, some 16-23 yr after its outburst. The high inferred X-ray luminosity (L(0.3-2) = 8 x 10(38) ergs s(-1)) is caused by the interaction of the SN shock with dense circumstellar matter, likely deposited by a strong stellar wind from the progenitor with a high mass- loss rate of. M approximate to 1.5 x 10(-4) M(circle dot) yr(-1) (v(w)/10 km s(-1)). The X-ray data support a strongly decelerated shock and show a mass-loss rate history that is consistent with a constant progenitor mass-loss rate and wind velocity over the past greater than or similar to 16,000 yr in the stellar evolution of the progenitor. We find a best-fit circumstellar medium (CSM) density profile of rho(CSM) proportional to r(-s) with index s less than or similar to 1.7 and high CSM densities (greater than or similar to 10(4) cm(-3)) out to large radii from the site of the explosion (r greater than or similar to 4 x 10(17) cm). Using XMM-Newton Optical Monitor data, we further detect a pointlike optical/UV source consistent with the position of SN 1979C, with B-, U-, and UVW1-band luminosities of 5, 7, and 9 x 10(36) ergs s(-1), respectively. The young stellar cluster in the vicinity of the SN, as imaged by the HSTand follow- up ground- based optical imaging, can only provide a fraction of the total observed flux, so that a significant contribution to the output likely arises from the strong interaction of SN 1979C with dense CSM. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Universe Div, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Immler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Universe Div, Xray Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM immler@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 632 IS 1 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1086/432869 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971EZ UT WOS:000232366000020 ER PT J AU Le, T Becker, PA AF Le, T Becker, PA TI Particle acceleration and the production of relativistic outflows in advection-dominated accretion disks with shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion,accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics ID BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; SGR-A-ASTERISK; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COSMIC-RAY TRANSPORT; STANDING SHOCKS; M87 JET; ISOTHERMAL SHOCKS; RADIO-SOURCES; COLD MEDIA; FLOWS AB Relativistic outflows (jets) of matter are commonly observed from systems containing black holes. The strongest outflows occur in the radio-loud systems, in which the accretion disk is likely to have an advection-dominated structure. In these systems, it is clear that the binding energy of the accreting gas is emitted primarily in the form of particles rather than radiation. However, no comprehensive model for the disk structure and the associated outflows has yet been produced. In particular, none of the existing models establish a direct physical connection between the presence of the outflows and the action of a microphysical acceleration mechanism operating in the disk. In this paper we explore the possibility that the relativistic protons powering the jet are accelerated at a standing, centrifugally supported shock in the underlying accretion disk via the first-order Fermi mechanism. The theoretical analysis employed here parallels the early studies of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova shock waves, and the particle acceleration and disk structure are treated in a coupled, self-consistent manner based on a rigorous mathematical approach. We find that first-order Fermi acceleration at standing shocks in advection-dominated disks proves to be a very efficient means for accelerating the jet particles. Using physical parameters appropriate for M87 and Sgr A*, we verify that the jet kinetic luminosities computed using our model agree with estimates based on observations of the sources. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM truong.le@nrl.navy.mil; pbecker@gmu.edu NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 632 IS 1 BP 476 EP 498 DI 10.1086/432927 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971EZ UT WOS:000232366000033 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW AF Schuck, PW TI Local correlation tracking and the magnetic induction equation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; methods : data analysis; Sun : atmospheric motions ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; HELICITY INJECTION; MOTION; MAGNETOGRAMS; PROMINENCE; ENERGY; FIELD; GRANULATION; ERUPTION AB Recently, local correlation tracking has been applied to magnetograms to estimate photospheric velocities. This Letter demonstrates that local correlation tracking is inconsistent with the magnetic induction equation, which governs the temporal evolution of the photospheric magnetograms. A modified formulation, consistent with the magnetic induction equation, is presented for accurately following photospheric magnetic footpoints. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schuck@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 632 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/497633 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971FC UT WOS:000232366400014 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC AF Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC TI A numerical modeling study on desert oasis self-supporting mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE oasis self-supporting mechanism; oasis breeze circulation; atmospheric static stability; wet-cold island; lift index ID SURFACE; CHINA; HEAT; PREDICTION; WEATHER; BUDGET; BASIN AB Oasis self-supporting mechanisms due to oasis breeze circulation (OBC) are proposed and simulated numerically in this study using a coupled mesoscale and land-surface model. Excessive evaporation from the oasis makes the oasis surface colder than the surrounding desert surface. The sensible heat-flux gradient from oasis to surrounding desert drives the OBC with downdraft over the oasis and updraft over the desert. The horizontal length-scale of the OBC is around four times as large as the oasis scale. This secondary circulation creates two mechanisms to reduce heat and moisture exchange between the oasis and the surrounding desert: (1) the updraft over the desert reduces low-level hot, dry air flowing from the desert into the oasis; and (2) the downdraft increases the atmospheric static stability that reduces the oasis evaporation. Reduction of the oasis scale weakens the oasis self-supporting mechanisms through the decrease of the OBC associated with the increase of the oasis surface evaporation and decrease of the atmospheric stability over the oasis. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Cold & Arid Environm & Engn, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 312 IS 1-4 BP 256 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.043 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 975OT UT WOS:000232672500017 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG McClean, JL Hunke, EC Semtner, AJ Ivanova, D AF Prasad, TG McClean, JL Hunke, EC Semtner, AJ Ivanova, D TI A numerical study of the western Cosmonaut polynya in a coupled ocean-sea ice model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; THICKNESS AB [1] Employing results from a 0.4 degrees, 40-level fully global, coupled ocean - sea ice model, we investigated the role of physical processes emanating from atmosphere, ocean, and ice in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of a sensible heat polynya with a focus on the western Cosmonaut polynya that occurred during May - July 1999. The Cosmonaut polynya first appeared in early May 1999 in the form of an ice-free embayment, transformed into an enclosed polynya on 5 - 9 July, and disappeared by late July, when the ice from the surrounding regions began to encircle the embayment. Except for the differences in ice concentrations, the time of appearance, size, and shape of the Cosmonaut polynya simulated by the model are in approximate agreement with the Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I) observations. Between May and July 1999 the Cosmonaut Sea experienced two synoptic storms, both lasting similar to 5 days. Followed by the passage of the first storm on 12 - 19 June, there was a remarkable growth in the size of the embayment by 21 x 10(3) km(2). Associated with this, the sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 0.15 degrees C, the upward heat flux jumped from 5 to 94 W m(-2), and a net freshwater flux into the ocean increased by 2 cm d(-1). By running the model simulation with a 20% wind speed increase, it is demonstrated that the twofold increase in SST and upward heat flux increased the embayment area by 15 x 10(3) km(2) and decreased the ice concentration by approximately 10% from the control run. A similar, but somewhat weaker wind event that took place on 30 June to 10 July had less influence on the embayment area although the upward heat flux ( 65 W m(-2)) was comparable to the first event. By examining the vertical displacement of the - 1.6 degrees C isotherm depth prior to, during, and after these two storms, we demonstrate that the impetus provided by these storms was able to raise the - 1.6 degrees C isotherm depth by 30 m through wind-driven mixing, making sufficient oceanic heat input from beneath the mixed layer available to prevent freezing and/or delay ice formation while ice in the adjacent regions continued to grow. A sudden shift in the ice drift direction from southwest to northeast ( 3 July) followed by the second storm, accompanied by large air-sea temperature differences, caused the enclosure of the embayment, subsequent formation of the polynya, and its termination. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM thoppil@nrlssc.navy.mil; eclare@lanl.gov; sbert@nps.edu; dpivanov@nps.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C10 AR C10008 DI 10.1029/2004JC002858 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 973WY UT WOS:000232554500003 ER PT J AU Deng, HF Gifford, AN Zvonok, AM Cui, GJ Li, XY Fan, PS Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Gatley, SJ Makriyannis, A AF Deng, HF Gifford, AN Zvonok, AM Cui, GJ Li, XY Fan, PS Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Gatley, SJ Makriyannis, A TI Potent cannabinergic indole analogues as radioiodinatable brain imaging agents for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT-BRAIN; BINDING; ANTAGONISTS; CHLORIDE; AGONISTS; ACID AB A series of novel aminoalkylindoles was synthesized in an effort to develop compounds that are potent agonists at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and that are also easily labeled with radioisotopes of iodine for biochemical and imaging studies. 2-lodophenyl-[1-(l-methylpiperidin2-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yllmethanone (8, AM2233) had a very high affinity for the rat CB1 receptor, with most of the affinity residing with the (R)-enantiomer. Radioiodinated 8, (R)-8, and (S)-8 were prepared by radioiododestannylation of the tributyltin analogues in high yields, radiochemical purities, and specific radioactivities. In a mouse hippocampal membrane preparation with [I-131](R)-8 as radioligand, racemic 8 exhibited a K-i value of 0.2 nM compared with 1.6 nM for WIN55212-2. In autoradiographic experiments with mouse brain sections, the distribution of radioiodinated 8 was consistent with that of brain CB1 receptors. Again, very little specific binding was seen with the (S)-enantiomer [I-131](S)-8 and none occurred with the (R)-enantiomer [I-131] (R)-8 in sections from CB1 receptor knockout mice. Radioiodinated 8 thus appears to be a suitable radioligand for studies of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. C1 Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makriyannis, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, 360 Huntington Ave,116 Mugar Life Sci Bldg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM a.makriyannis@neu.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA112-01, DA3801, DA9158] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 20 BP 6386 EP 6392 DI 10.1021/jm0501351 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 971TC UT WOS:000232406600022 PM 16190764 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, A Herry, P Mialle, P Vergoz, J Brachet, N Garces, M Drob, D Ceranna, L AF Le Pichon, A Herry, P Mialle, P Vergoz, J Brachet, N Garces, M Drob, D Ceranna, L TI Infrasound associated with 2004-2005 large Sumatra earthquakes and tsunami SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE AB Large earthquakes that occurred in the Sumatra region in 2004 and 2005 generated acoustic waves recorded by the Diego Garcia infrasound array. The Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) analysis is performed to detect the seismic and infrasound signals associated with these events. The study is completed by an inverse location procedure that permitted reconstruction of the source location of the infrasonic waves. The results show that ground motion near the epicenter and vibrations of nearby land masses efficiently produced infrasound. The analysis also reveals unique evidence of long period pressure waves from the tsunami earthquake (M9.0) of December 26, 2004. C1 CEA, DASE, LDG, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Vienna Int Ctr, IDC, CTBTO, PTS, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96740 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. RP CEA, DASE, LDG, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 19 AR L19802 DI 10.1029/2005GL023893 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 973VZ UT WOS:000232552000004 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Mera, AE Zabetakis, D Schoen, PE AF Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Mera, AE Zabetakis, D Schoen, PE TI Matrix effects on tubule distribution and dielectrics properties of tubule-based dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; composites; dielectric properties; surface energy; percolation ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER COMPOSITES; PERCOLATION; MICROSTRUCTURES AB The dielectric properties of composites containing copper-coated tubules in epoxy and polyurethane were characterized and interpreted in terms of contact angle and interfacial tension between the filler and the polymer matrix. The polyurethane samples had larger permittivity values than the epoxy samples over the entire tubule concentration range. The results suggested the tubules in polyurethane were more aggregated than those in epoxy and, consequently, the polyurethane samples were closer to percolation. This was inconsistent with the contact angle and interfacial tension data, because epoxy had larger contact angles and interfacial tension than polyurethane. Therefore, the contact angle and interfacial tension data could not be used to predict tubule distribution in composites. Also, the De Loor model provided a good fit to the permittivity data. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schoen, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1002/app.21956 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 957KC UT WOS:000231367700008 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A AF Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A TI Fast coronal mass ejection environments and the production of solar energetic particle events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CME INTERACTIONS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; LARGE-ANGLE; ACCELERATION AB [1] The search continues for coronal environmental factors that determine whether a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) results in a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at 1 AU. From a plot of peak 20 MeV SEP intensities versus associated CME speeds we select for comparison two groups of fast, wide, western hemisphere CMEs observed with the LASCO coronagraph from 1998 to 2002. The SEP-rich CME group produced the largest observed SEP events, and the SEP-poor CME group produced the smallest or no observed SEP events. The major differences are that the SEP-rich CMEs are brighter and more likely to be streamer blowouts and to follow colocated CMEs within 12 or 24 hours. The SEP-poor CMEs are fainter and less likely to interact with streamers or to follow preceding colocated CMEs. Thus we confirm the recent result that the SEP event peak intensities are higher when the associated driver CMEs are preceded within a day by wide CMEs at the same locations. However, the enhanced brightness, and therefore mass, of the SEP-rich CMEs appears to be their most dominant characteristic and suggests that either large longitudinal and latitudinal extents or high densities are needed for fast CMEs to produce SEPs. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; avourlid@pythia.nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12S01 DI 10.1029/2005JA011073 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975IM UT WOS:000232654200001 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Haddock, SHD Elvidge, CD Lee, TF AF Miller, SD Haddock, SHD Elvidge, CD Lee, TF TI Detection of a bioluminescent milky sea from space SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bacterial bioluminescence; satellite remote sensing; microbial ecology; quorum sensing; marine biology ID BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; SYSTEM AB on many occasions over the centuries, mariners have reported witnessing surreal nocturnal displays where the surface of the sea produces an intense, uniform, and sustained glow that extends to the horizon in all directions. Although such emissions cannot be fully reconciled with the known features of any light-emitting organism, these so-called "milky seas" are hypothesized to be manifestations of unusually strong bioluminescence produced by colonies of bacteria in association with a microalgal bloom in the surface waters. Because of their ephemeral nature and the paucity of scientific observations, an explanation of milky seas has remained elusive. Here, we report the first satellite observations of the phenomenon. An approximate to 15,400-km(2) area of the northwestern Indian Ocean, roughly the size of the state of Connecticut, was observed to glow over 3 consecutive nights, corroborated on the first night by a ship-based account. This unanticipated application of satellite remote-sensing technology provides insights pertaining to the formation and scale of these poorly understood events. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 4 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 40 BP 14181 EP 14184 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507253102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 971OD UT WOS:000232392900013 PM 16186481 ER PT J AU Liu, SW Weaver, J Yuan, Z Donner, W Chen, CL Jiang, JC Meletis, EI Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, J Bhalla, A AF Liu, SW Weaver, J Yuan, Z Donner, W Chen, CL Jiang, JC Meletis, EI Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, J Bhalla, A TI Ferroelectric (Pb,Sr)TiO3 epitaxial thin films on (001) MgO for room temperature high-frequency tunable microwave elements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TUNABILITY; MGO AB Ferroelectric Pb0.35Sr0.65TiO3 (PSTO) thin films were grown on (001) MgO by using pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure studies from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy indicate that the as-grown PSTO films have excellent single crystal quality and good epitaxial behavior with their c-axis oriented perpendicular to the plane of the films. The interface relationships between the PSTO films and MgO were determined to be [100](PSTO)//[100](MgO) and (001)(PSTO)//(001)(MgO). The high frequency dielectric property measurements (up to 20 GHz) reveal that the as-grown films have a high dielectric constant value above 1420 and very large dielectric tunability above 34% at room temperature. These results suggest that the as-grown PSTO thin films on MgO are a good candidate for developing room-temperature high-frequency tunable microwave elements. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liu, SW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM clchen@uh.edu OI Donner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-9269-4473 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 14 AR 142905 DI 10.1063/1.2081131 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 969HR UT WOS:000232225700048 ER PT J AU George, J Field, RL AF George, J Field, RL TI Fluctuations in sound transmission through sound speed profiles that are periodic in range and geotime SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article AB Acoustic propagation through sound speed profiles (SSPs) that are periodic in range and geotime is studied using the parabolic equation model and the WKB/adiabatic model. Fluctuations are shown to be significantly reduced when acoustic propagation is through a periodic range-dependent SSP, compared to a range-independent SSP. For a fixed source-receiver range, the number of tidal wavelengths contained within the range is an important factor that determines the fluctuations. The relationship of this factor to the direction of transmission relative to the tidal direction is presented. A useful criterion for predicting the extent of fluctuations under different environments has been developed by examining the range integral of the horizontal wave number for each mode. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP George, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7185, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jacob.george@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD OCT PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1121/1.2033087 PG 5 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 982DH UT WOS:000233137600006 ER PT J AU Doolette, DJ Upton, RN Grant, C AF Doolette, DJ Upton, RN Grant, C TI Countercurrent compartmental models describe hind limb skeletal muscle helium kinetics at resting and low blood flows in sheep SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE decompression; gases; pharmacokinetics; sickness ID INERT-GAS; ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSES; TISSUE EQUILIBRATION; DIFFUSION SHUNT; CAPILLARIES AB Aims: This study evaluated the relative importance of perfusion and diffusion mechanisms in compartmental models of blood : tissue helium exchange in a predominantly skeletal muscle tissue bed in the sheep hind limb. Helium has different physiochemical properties from previously studied gases and is a common diluent gas in underwater diving where decompression schedules are based on theoretical models of inert gas kinetics. Methods: Helium kinetics across skeletal muscle were determined during and after 20 min of helium inhalation, at separate resting and low steady-states of femoral vein blood flow in six sheep under isoflurane anaesthesia. Helium concentrations in arterial and femoral vein blood were determined using gas chromatographic analysis and femoral vein blood flow was monitored continuously. Parameters and model selection criteria of various perfusion-limited or perfusion-diffusion compartmental models of skeletal muscle were estimated by simultaneous fitting of the models to the femoral vein helium concentrations for both blood flow states. Results: A model comprising two parallel perfusion-limited compartment models fitted the data well but required a 51-fold difference in relative compartment perfusion that did not seem physiologically plausible. Models that allowed a countercurrent diffusion exchange of helium between arterial and venous vessels outside of the tissue compartments provided better overall fit of the data and credible parameter estimates. Conclusions: These results suggest a role of arterial-venous diffusion in blood : tissue helium equilibration in skeletal muscle. C1 Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Royal Adelaide Hosp, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Doolette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Biomed Res Dept, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM david.doolette.as@navy.mil RI Upton, Richard/G-4727-2011 OI Upton, Richard/0000-0001-9996-4886 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-6772 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND JI Acta Physiol. Scand. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 185 IS 2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2005.01481.x PG 13 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 964SS UT WOS:000231901400003 PM 16168005 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, H Covert, PA AF Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, H Covert, PA TI Determination of the transmission efficiency of an aircraft aerosol inlet SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; ASPIRATION EFFICIENCY; WIND; SIZE; PARTICLES; RATIOS; DUST AB Data are reported for both airborne and wind tunnel testing of the aerosol inlet on the CIRPAS Twin Otter research aircraft. Though utilizing different instrumentation and assumptions, results from the two test venues show broad agreement. The roll off in transmission efficiency of the inlet under standard flight conditions starts at similar to 3.5 mu m but plateaus at 5.5 mu m particle diameter at a value slightly in excess of 0.6. This value persists to the upper limit of the test range at 9 mu m and is likely due to the sub-isokinetic aspiration flow of the inlet. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98190 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA USA. NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, MC 351640, Seattle, WA 98190 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu OI Covert, Paul/0000-0002-7434-4995 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 966 EP 971 DI 10.1080/02786820500377814 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992AO UT WOS:000233856400006 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Furtek, KJ Olson, PE Amling, CL Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Furtek, KJ Olson, PE Amling, CL Wallace, MR TI A review of hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction among HIV-infected men during the pre- and post-HAART eras: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TESTOSTERONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TRANSDERMAL TESTOSTERONE; TRANSURETHRAL ALPROSTADIL AB Hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED) appear to be more common among men infected with HIV compared. to age-matched men within the general U.S. population. HIV providers should consider these conditions and utilize standardized evaluation and diagnostic criteria. Treatment of both hypogonadism and ED increases sexual function and quality of life; testosterone supplementation in the setting of hypogonadism may also improve lean body mass, mental status, and anemia. We review the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment options of both hypogonadism and ED among HIV-infected men. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA USA. Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Ctr Med, Urol Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA USA. EM NFCrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 137 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 EI 1557-7449 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 10 BP 655 EP 671 DI 10.1089/apc.2005.19.655 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 978DV UT WOS:000232854700005 PM 16232050 ER PT J AU Pham, T Steele, J Stayboldt, C Chan, L Benirschke, A AF Pham, T Steele, J Stayboldt, C Chan, L Benirschke, A TI Seven new cases of placental mesenchymal dysplasia resulting in fetal growth restriction and demise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 08-11, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, Chula Vista, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 124 IS 4 MA 088 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 966RD UT WOS:000232037700109 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Frankart, C Frenck, RW Monteville, MR Riddle, MS Rockabrand, DM Sharp, TW Tribble, DR AF Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Frankart, C Frenck, RW Monteville, MR Riddle, MS Rockabrand, DM Sharp, TW Tribble, DR TI Impact of illness and non-combat injury during operations Iraqi freedom and enduring freedom (Afghanistan) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; OUTPATIENT VISITS; DISEASE RATES; DESERT-SHIELD; WAR VETERANS; MILITARY; CARE; BATTLE; SAFETY; DEET AB Historically, non-combat injuries and illnesses have had a significant impact on military missions. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence and impact of common ailments among U.S. military personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during 2003-2004. Among 15,459 persons surveyed, diarrhea (76.8% in Iraq and 54.4% in Afghanistan), respiratory illness (69.1%), non-combat injuries (34.7%), and leishmaniasis (2.1%) were commonly reported. For all causes, 25.2% reported that they required intravenous fluids, 1.0.4% required hospitalization, and 5.2% required medical evacuation. Among ground units, 12.7% reported that they missed a patrol because of illness, and among air units, 11.7% were grounded because of illness. The incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections doubled from the pre-combat to combat phases, and the perceived adverse impact of these illnesses on the unit increased significantly during the combat phase. Despite technologic advances in warfare and preventive medicine, illness and non-combat injuries have been common during operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, resulting in frequent transient decreases in operational efficiency. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, PSC 452,Box 117,FPO AE 09835, Cairo, Egypt. EM sandersj@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 42 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 973UR UT WOS:000232548600014 PM 16222015 ER PT J AU Carver, TW Antevil, J Egan, JC Brown, CVR AF Carver, TW Antevil, J Egan, JC Brown, CVR TI Appendectomy during early pregnancy: What is the preferred surgical approach? SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-California-Chapter of the American-College-Surgeons CY JAN 21-23, 2005 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Coll Surg, SO California Chap ID LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; APPENDICITIS; MANAGEMENT; TRIAL AB Appendectomy is the most common nongynecologic surgery performed during pregnancy. Although many surgeons offer laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) as an alternative to open appendectomy (OA) during early pregnancy, few studies have compared the effects of LA versus OA on the fetus and the outcome of the pregnancy. Twenty-eight consecutive females undergoing appendectomy for presumed appendicitis in the first two trimesters of pregnancy between January 2000 and December 2002 were identified retrospectively. Demographic information, weeks of pregnancy at operation, and surgical approach (LA or OA) were recorded. Study outcomes included operative and pregnancy-related complications, length of hospitalization, final outcome of pregnancy, and infant birth weight. Seventeen LA and 11 OA were performed. There were no significant differences in surgical or obstetrical complications, length of hospitalization, or birth weight between the two groups. Two cases of postoperative fetal demise were noted in the LA group. Although not statistically significant, the two fetal losses in the laparoscopic group are concerning. The current study did not demonstrate any advantages to the laparoscopic approach. Pending further investigation, the open approach may be preferred for appendectomy in pregnant patients during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Brown, CVR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, 1200 N State St,Room 6341, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 977OB UT WOS:000232812000002 PM 16468524 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV Lassman, ME Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Kulagina, NV Lassman, ME Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI Antimicrobial peptides for detection of bacteria in biosensor assays SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; PORE FORMATION; MAGAININ 2; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROARRAYS; MEMBRANES; ANALYTES; BINDING; ANTIBACTERIAL; IMMUNOSENSOR AB Bacteria, plants, and higher and lower animals have evolved an innate immune system as a first line of defense against microbial invasion. Some of these organisms produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a part of this chemical immune system. AMPs exert their antimicrobial activity by binding to components of the microbe's surface and disrupting the membrane. The overall goal of this study was to apply the AMP magainin I as a recognition element for Escherichia coli O157:1-17 and Salmonella typhimurium detection on an array-based biosensor. We immobilized magainin I on silanized glass slides using biotin-avidin chemistry, as well as through direct covalent attachment. Cy5-labeled, heat-killed cells were used to demonstrate that the immobilized magainin I can bind Salmonella with detection limits similar to analogous antibody-based assays. Detection limits for E. coli were higher than in analogous antibody-based assays, but it is expected that other AMPs may possess higher affinities for this target. The results showed that both specific and nonspecific binding strongly depend on the method used for peptide immobilization. Direct attachment of magainin to the substrate surface not only decreased nonspecific cell binding but also resulted in improved detection limits for both Salmonella and E. coli. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 19 BP 6504 EP 6508 DI 10.1021/ac050639r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 972HA UT WOS:000232443700066 PM 16194120 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power optimization of an endoreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton-cycle coupled to variable-temperature heat-reservoirs SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated; power optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; CARNOT ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; EFFICIENCY AB In this paper, in the viewpoint of finite-time thermodynamics and entropy-generation minimization are employed. The analytical formulae relating the power and pressure-ratio are derived assuming heat-resistance losses in the four heat-exchangers (hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, the intercooler and the regenerator), and the effect of the finite thermal-capacity rate of the heat reservoirs. The power optimization is performed by searching the optimum heat-conductance distributions among the four heat-exchangers for a fixed total heat-exchanger inventory, and by searching for the optimum intercooling pressure-ratio. When the optimization is performed with respect to the total pressure-ratio of the cycle, the maximum power is maximized twice and a 'double-maximum' power is obtained. When the optimization is performed with respect to the thermal capacitance rate ratio between the working fluid and the heat reservoir, the double-maximum power is maximized again and a thrice-maximum power is obtained. The effects of the heat reservoir's inlet-temperature ratio and the total heat-exchanger inventory on the optimal performance of the cycle are analyzed by numerical examples. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.08.007 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 961FQ UT WOS:000231647700006 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Fischer, J Polegre, AM Beintema, DA AF Lucke, RL Fischer, J Polegre, AM Beintema, DA TI Fast computation of the Narcissus reflection coefficient for the Herschel far-infrared/submillimeter-wave Cassegrain telescope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN; SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION; IMPEDANCE; MISSION; ANTENNA; CAMERA AB Placement of a scatter cone at the center of the secondary of a Cassegrain telescope greatly reduces Narcissus reflection. To calculate the remaining Narcissus reflection, a time-consuming physical optics code such as GRASP8 is often used to model the effects of reflection and diffraction. Fortunately, the Cassegrain geometry is sufficiently simple that a combination of theoretical analysis and Fourier propagation can yield rapid, accurate results at submillimeter wavelengths. We compare these results with those from GRASP8 for the heterodyne instrument for the far-infrared on the Herschel Space Observatory and confirm the effectiveness of the chosen scatter cone design. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Antenna & Sub Millimeter Wave Sect, Electromagnet Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. SRON, Lab Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 28 BP 5947 EP 5955 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005947 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 968TV UT WOS:000232186200013 PM 16231802 ER PT J AU Candreva, PJ Jones, LR AF Candreva, PJ Jones, LR TI Congressional control over defense and delegation of authority in the case of the defense emergency response fund SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Budgeting-and-Financial-Management CY OCT 06-09, 2004 CL Chicago, IL DE national defense budgeting; supplemental appropriations for defense; defense supplementals; civil-military relations; budgets ID CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS; DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; MICROMANAGEMENT AB Emerging theories of civil-military relations take a more nuanced look at the role of the actors involved, particularly noting the critical role of the legislature in modern democracies. An important tool of control for the legislature is the power of the purse, so circumstances of delegated spending authority by the legislature to the military are worthy of study. This study investigates a series of supplemental appropriations enacted by the U.S. Congress to pay for the war on terrorism and situates the story in the current literature on civil-military relations. The case describes an episode in which the legislature was willing to delegate authority, how the executive responded, and the circumstances under which the legislature returned to traditional forms of oversight. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Candreva, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. EM pjcandre@nps.edu; lrjones@nps.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1177/0095327X05277911 PG 18 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 036WI UT WOS:000237107100006 ER PT J AU Bhutani, KR Khan, B AF Bhutani, KR Khan, B TI Distance between graphs using graph labelings SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article DE distance between graphs; graph embeddings; virtual path layout ID ATM NETWORKS; LAYOUT AB In [4] Fan Chung Graham investigates notion of graph labelings and related bandwidth and cutwidth of such labelings when the host graph is a path graph. Motivated by problems presented in [4] and our investigation of designing efficient virtual path layouts for communication networks, we investigate in this note labeling methods on graphs where the host graph is not restricted to a particular kind of graph. In [2) authors introduced a metric on the set of connected simple graphs of a given order which represents load on edges of host graph under some restrictions on bandwidth of such labelings. In communication networks this translates into finding mappings between guest graph and host graph in a way that minimizes the congestion while restricting the delay. In this note, we present optimal mappings between special n-vertex graphs in G(n) and compute their distances with respect to the metric introduced in [2]. Some open questions are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhutani, KR (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM bhutan@cua.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 77 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 988MH UT WOS:000233604800005 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Herbst, W Vrba, FJ Ibrahimov, MA Mundt, R Bailer-Jones, CAL Filippenko, AV Li, WD Bejar, VJS Abraham, P Kun, M Moor, A Benko, J Csizmadia, S DePoy, DL Pogge, RW Marshall, JL AF Hamilton, CM Herbst, W Vrba, FJ Ibrahimov, MA Mundt, R Bailer-Jones, CAL Filippenko, AV Li, WD Bejar, VJS Abraham, P Kun, M Moor, A Benko, J Csizmadia, S DePoy, DL Pogge, RW Marshall, JL TI The disappearing act of KH 15D: Photometric results from 1995 to 2004 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (KH 15D); techniques : photometric ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; T-TAURI STAR; NGC 2264; MYSTERIOUS ECLIPSES; TIME-SERIES; BINARY; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; SYSTEM; KH-15D AB We present results from the most recent (2002-2004) observing campaigns of the eclipsing system KH 15D, in addition to rereduced data obtained at Van Vleck Observatory (VVO) between 1995 and 2000. Phasing 9 yr of photometric data shows substantial evolution in the width and depth of the eclipses. The most recent data indicate that the eclipses are now approximately 24 days in length, or half the orbital period. These results are interpreted and discussed in the context of the recent models for this system put forward by Winn and coworkers and Chiang & Murray-Clay. A periodogram of the entire data set yields a highly significant peak at 48.37 +/- 0.01 days, which is in accord with the spectroscopic period of 48.38 +/- 0.01 days determined by Johnson and coworkers. Another significant peak, at 9.6 days, was found in the periodogram of the out-of-eclipse data at two different epochs. We interpret this as the rotation period of the visible star and argue that it may be tidally locked in pseudosynchronism with its orbital motion. If so, application of Hut's theory implies that the eccentricity of the orbit is e = 0.65 +/- 0.01. Analysis of the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph VLT spectra obtained by Hamilton and coworkers shows that the v sin i of the visible star in this system is 6.9 +/- 0.3 km s(-1). Using this value of v sin i and the measured rotation period of the star, we calculate the lower limit on the radius to be R = (1.3 +/- 0.1) R-circle dot, which concurs with the value obtained by Hamilton and coworkers from its luminosity and effective temperature. Here we assume that i = 90 degrees, since it is likely that the spin and orbital angular momenta vectors are nearly aligned. One unusually bright data point obtained in the 1995/1996 observing season at VVO is interpreted as the point in time when the currently hidden star B made its last appearance. Based on this datum, we show that star B is 0.46 +/- 0.03 mag brighter than the currently visible star A, which is entirely consistent with the historical light curve. Finally, well-sampled V-J and I-J data obtained at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Yale 1 m telescope during 2001/2002 show an entirely new feature: the system becomes bluer by a small but significant amount in very steady fashion as it enters eclipse and shows an analogous reddening as it emerges from eclipse. This suggests an extended zone of hot gas located close to but above the photosphere of the currently visible star. The persistence of the bluing of the light curve shows that its length scale is comparable to a stellar radius. C1 Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Uzbek Acad Sci, Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent 700052, Uzbekistan. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, GTC Project, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Five Coll Astron Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM chamilto@mtholyoke.edu; bill@astro.wesleyan.edu; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; mansur@astrin.uzsci.net; mundt@mpia.de; calj@mpia.de; alex@astro.berkeley.edu; wli@astro.berkeley.edu; vbejar@ll.iac.es; csizmadi@konkoly.hu; depoy@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; pogge@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; marshall@astronomy.ohio-state.edu OI Benko, Jozsef/0000-0003-3851-6603 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1896 EP 1915 DI 10.1086/432667 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 969XW UT WOS:000232270200043 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA Mariska, JT AF Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA Mariska, JT TI A new method for in-flight intensity calibration of high-resolution EUV and FUV spectrometers SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : spectrographs; techniques : spectroscopic; methods : observational; methods : data analysis ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; FLARE PLASMAS; SOLAR; CHIANTI AB We introduce a new technique for the measurement of the in-flight relative intensity calibration of high resolution spectrometers. This technique makes use of the free-free radiation in hot, dense active regions and flares, and combines it with spectral line intensities in an iterative procedure. After a few iterations, the relative intensity calibration and the temperature of the emitting plasma are determined. The application of this technique to the EIS instrument on board the Solar-B satellite ( launch in 2006) is discussed. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Ct, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 441 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1215 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053361 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 967DL UT WOS:000232071600037 ER PT J AU Burgi, A Brodine, S Wegner, S Milazzo, M Wallace, MR Spooner, K Blazes, DL Agan, BK Armstrong, A Fraser, S Crum, NF AF Burgi, A Brodine, S Wegner, S Milazzo, M Wallace, MR Spooner, K Blazes, DL Agan, BK Armstrong, A Fraser, S Crum, NF TI Incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of non-AIDS-defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE human immunodeficiency virus; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; malignancies; military; risk factors ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HIV; MALIGNANCIES; TRENDS; NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA; PEOPLE; DEATH; CELLS AB BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. METHODS. The authors conducted a retrospective study of 4144 HIV-infected individuals who had 26,916 person-years of follow-up and who had open access to medical care at I of the United States military HIV clinics during the years 1988-2003. Cancer incidence rates were race specific and were adjusted for age; these were compared with national rates using logistic regression to assess predictors of NADC development. RESULTS. One hundred thirty-three NADCs were diagnosed with a rate of 980 diagnoses per 100,000 person-years. The most frequent NADCs were skin carcinomas (basal cell and squamous cell), Hodgkin disease, and anal carcinoma. The results showed that there were higher rates of melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease among the HIV-infected cohort compared with age-adjusted rates for the general United States population. Predictors of NADCs included age older than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; P < 0.001), Caucasian/non-Hispanic race (OR, 2.1; P < 0.001), longer duration of HIV infection (OR, 1.2; P < 0.001), and a history of opportunistic infection (OR, 2.5; P < 0.001). The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was associated with lower rates of NAT)Cs (OR, 0.21; P < 0.001). A low CD4 nadir or CD4 count at diagnosis (< 200 cells/mL) was not predictive of NADCs. CONCLUSIONS. The most frequent NADCs were primary skin malignancies. Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease occurred at higher rates among HIV-infected individuals. The implementation of screening programs for these malignancies should be considered. Most risk factors for the development of NADCs are nonmodifiable; however, the use of HAART appeared to be beneficial in protecting against the development of malignant disease. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 37 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1505 EP 1511 DI 10.1002/cncr.21334 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 966EA UT WOS:000232001200021 PM 16104038 ER PT J AU Connolly, BJ Koul, MG Moran, AL AF Connolly, BJ Koul, MG Moran, AL TI A comparison study of stress corrosion crack growth rates for AA7XXX alloys as a function of bulk aqueous chloride concentrations SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; crack growth rate; cracking; environmentally assisted corrosion; sodium chloride; stress corrosion cracking ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; AIRCRAFT AB Alternative aluminum alloys are under consideration for drop-in replacement and refurbishment of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking prone AA 7075-T6 (UNS A97075) components on aging military aircraft. An assessment of new materials for refurbishment and replacement of older generation, aging components is necessary for a viable life extension program. A quantitative database of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) properties of old generation materials compared to currently available materials is needed as a guideline/justification for part replacement. This effort evaluates AA7150-T7751 (UNS A97150) and AA7040-T7651 (UNS A97040), both which meet mechanical property requirements and are thought to be superior to AA7075-T6 in terms of corrosion performance. Specifically, stress corrosion crack growth rates for these plate alloys were documented and found to be similar in various bulk aqueous chloride environments and to represent a significant improvement over measured rates for AA7075-T651. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Koul, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD OCT PY 2005 VL 61 IS 10 BP 976 EP 986 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 974VP UT WOS:000232619800007 ER PT J AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, DA TI Understanding material interactions in marine environments to promote extended structural life SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Marine Structures CY AUG 29-31, 2004 CL Muroran Inst Technol, Muroran, JAPAN HO Muroran Inst Technol DE marine corrosion; crevice corrosion; galvanic corrosion; cathodic protection; seawater; MIC; modeling; materials-based research ID MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; SEA-WATER; CORROSION; PASSIVITY; ALLOYS; COPPER; STEEL AB Corrosion in marine environments is affected by how and to what extent seawater interacts with materials, by the choice of material, and by design of components, systems, and structures. Seawater is a complex, naturally buffered fluid that covers much of the Earth's surface. The chloride content and the dissolved oxygen content in seawater promote competing processes of passivation and the breakdown of passivity. Seawater is a living medium where microbiological organisms thrive and attach to virtually all materials leading to biofilm formation and micro- and macrofouling. Microbiological activity may accelerate corrosion processes or act as a passive barrier. Biofilms have been shown to ennoble materials in seawater after an induction period. The behavior of materials, particularly metals and alloys, in marine environments generally depend on the chemical composition, the stability of the oxide film, metallurgical and processing parameters, and the effectiveness of any applied protection and mitigation measures. Materials selection and appropriate design can avoid, delay, or minimize the occurrence of several forms of corrosion. The proper choices require an complete understanding of materials, design factors, the type of marine environment, and the relevant corrosion control methodologies in order to promote increasing service life to marine structures. This paper will discuss some of the parameters that affect materials performance and some effective measures by which alloys can be protected in selected marine environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine Corros Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine Corros Branch, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM shiflerda@nswccd.navy.mil RI Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012 NR 54 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2335 EP 2352 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.09.027 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 972KV UT WOS:000232453600002 ER PT J AU Shumaker, PR Rao, J Goldman, MP AF Shumaker, PR Rao, J Goldman, MP TI Treatment of local, persistent cutaneous atrophy following corticosteroid injection with normal saline infiltration SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBCUTANEOUS ATROPHY; TRIAMCINOLONE; MECHANISM; SKIN AB BACKGROUND. Injections of corticosteroids are commonly used for a variety a dermatologic conditions but may cause local, persistent cutaneous atrophy, with few therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE. To determine the effectiveness of bacteriostatic normal saline infiltration on the improvement of corticosteroid-induced cutaneous atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four patients with corticosteroid-induced atrophy of the skin, two caused by acneiform cysts and one from intramuscular steroid injection, were treated with weekly injections of normal saline directly into the atrophic site. The patients were seen on weekly follow-up visits, and improvement was documented. RESULTS. All four patients demonstrated complete resolution of skin atrophy and restoration of surface contour within 4 to 8 weeks of initial presentation. Injected volumes of normal saline ranged from 5 to 20 cm(3) per treatment session and three to six weekly treatments. The patients were completely satisfied with these results. CONCLUSION. Normal saline infiltration offers a safe, tolerable, relatively rapid, and effective treatment for local, persistent corticosteroid-induced atrophy. C1 Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Goldman, MP (reprint author), Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, 7630 Fay Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM MGoldman@SpaMD.com NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1340 EP 1343 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 982AW UT WOS:000233130100016 PM 16188192 ER PT J AU Aizpuru, N Le, D McDonald, J McLennan, L Tewfik, S Lee, EW Piatkowski, D Foyos, J Ogren, J McLennan, J Es-Said, OS AF Aizpuru, N Le, D McDonald, J McLennan, L Tewfik, S Lee, EW Piatkowski, D Foyos, J Ogren, J McLennan, J Es-Said, OS TI The effect of flash annealing on the mechanical and electrical properties of previously used AM2 mats composed of Al 6061-T6 SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis (ICEFA-1) CY JUL 12-14, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Elsevier & Engn Failure Analysis DE aluminium 6061-T6; flash annealing; vertical take off and landing (VTOL) aircraft; mechanical properties AB Used AM2 mats (aircraft landing platforms) composed of Aluminum 6061-T6 were machined into tensile and conductivity bars. Samples were then subjected to five different temperatures: 315.6, 371.1, 426.7, 482.2 and 537.8 degrees C (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 F), seven different time intervals (10, 20, 30, 70, 90, 120 and 150 s), and eight different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 times). The ultimate strength, yield strength, and percent elongation of the samples were determined. Conductivity and hardness tests were also performed to assess the effect of thermal exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Natl Sci Fdn Res Expt Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Natl Sci Fdn Res Expt Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.12.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 950SP UT WOS:000230878000005 ER PT J AU Merz, M Nucker, N Schuppler, S Arena, D Dvorak, J Idzerda, YU Ustinovich, SN Soldatov, AG Shiryaev, SV Barilo, SN AF Merz, M Nucker, N Schuppler, S Arena, D Dvorak, J Idzerda, YU Ustinovich, SN Soldatov, AG Shiryaev, SV Barilo, SN TI X-ray absorption of Ba1-xKxBiO3 and BaPb1-yBiyO3: Competition between bipolaronic and charge-density wave states SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSITION; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; STRUCTURAL PHASE-DIAGRAM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; DOPING DEPENDENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; BAPB1-XBIXO3; PHOTOEMISSION; SYSTEM AB Bulk-sensitive O 1s near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy on Ba1-xKxBiO3 and BaPb1-yBiyO3 single crystals shows for undoped BaBiO3 a distinct charge-density wave derived band slightly above the Fermi level; upon K doping it is effectively reduced and competes with bipolaronic hole states whose spectral weight increases with K content. For Pb doping, on the other hand, a wide Pb-O band is formed near E-F while the intensity of the bipolaronic hole band remains unaffected. The data suggest a crucial role of hole bipolarons for bismuthate superconductivity. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Merz, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, Jagerstr 17-19, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. EM merz@xtal.rwth-aachen.de OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10236-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983NF UT WOS:000233238500019 ER PT J AU Thach, DC Agan, BK Olsen, C Diao, J Lin, B Gomez, J Jesse, M Jenkins, M Rowley, R Hanson, E Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Walter, E AF Thach, DC Agan, BK Olsen, C Diao, J Lin, B Gomez, J Jesse, M Jenkins, M Rowley, R Hanson, E Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Walter, E CA EOS TI Surveillance of transcriptomes in basic military trainees with normal, febrile respiratory illness, and convalescent phenotypes SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE transcriptome; surveillance; infection phenotypes ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DISEASE; BLOOD; MODEL AB Gene expression profiles permit analysis of host immune response at the transcriptome level. We used the Pax gene Blood RNA (PAX) System and Affymetrix microarrays (HG-U133A&B) to survey profiles in basic military trainees and to classify them as healthy, febrile respiratory illness (FRI) without adenovirus, FRI with adenovirus, and convalescent from FRI with adenovirus. We assessed quality metrics of RNA processing for microarrays. Class prediction analysis discovered nested sets of transcripts that could categorize the phenotypes with optimized accuracy of 99% (nonfebrile vs febrile, P < 0.0005), 87% (healthy vs convalescent, P=0.001), and 91% (febrile without vs with adenovirus, P < 0.0005). The discovered set for classification of nonfebrile vs febrile patients consisted of 40 transcripts with functions related to interferon induced genes, complement cascades, and TNF and IL1 signaling. The set of seven transcripts for distinguishing healthy vs convalescent individuals included those associated with ribosomal structure, humoral immunity, and cell adhesion. The set of 10 transcripts for distinguishing FRI without vs with adenovirus had functions related to interferon induced genes, IL1 receptor accessory protein, and cell interactions. These results are the first in vivo demonstration of classification of infectious diseases via host signature transcripts and move us towards using the transcriptome in biosurveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, San Antonio, TX USA. Spin Syst Inc, Sterling, VA USA. USAF, SGR, HQ, Falls Church, VA USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Coll Stn, TX USA. RP Thach, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook ave,SW Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dthach@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 6 IS 7 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6364244 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 978OB UT WOS:000232881800005 PM 16034474 ER PT J AU Holland, CW Gauss, R Frisk, G Makris, N AF Holland, CW Gauss, R Frisk, G Makris, N TI Interaction of low- to mid-frequency sound with the ocean bottom SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Dania, FL USA. MIT, Dept Ocean Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Holland, CW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.870605 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500001 ER PT J AU Preston, JR Ellis, DD Gauss, RC AF Preston, JR Ellis, DD Gauss, RC TI Geoacoustic parameter extraction using reverberation data from the 2000 Boundary Characterization Experiment on the Malta Plateau SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE geoacoustic inversion; inversion; line arrays; reverberation; simulated annealing (SA) ID FREQUENCY BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; DEEP OCEAN; SCATTERING; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; ATTENUATION; ROUGHNESS; INVERSION; SEDIMENTS; SEA AB This paper presents some new results from measurements of seafloor reverberation and pulse spreading using horizontal and vertical line arrays. The principal objective of this paper is to extract useful geoacoustic and bottom-scattering parameters that apply over a large ocean area. Analysis is presented on reverberation data from the 2000 Boundary Characterization Experiment performed jointly with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Undersea Research Center (NURC), Applied Research Laboratory (ARL) of Pennsylvania State University, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Sources were SUS charges and coherent pulses. The receivers were horizontal arrays used monostatically. Data were analyzed in bands from 80 to 4000 Hz. Highlights of the reverberant returns are discussed. The experiment site is the Malta Plateau area south of Sicily, a relatively flat heavily sedimented area, but with a rocky ridge to the east. An original aspect of this paper is the design and implementation of a new automated inverse method using towed-array data to accomplish that goal. For each data set, a multiple-step simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is used together with the Generic Sonar Model (GSM). After automatically adjusting bottom loss and scattering strength, good agreement is achieved between the diffuse reverberation data and model predictions in relatively flat areas. Model/data differences are generally correlated with bottom-scattering features. Since reverberation from SUS charges typically lasts 10-40 s or more, extracted parameters apply over wide areas. Independent acoustic measurements provided a basis for a comparison with extracted values. Local bottom-loss and backscattering measurements were made by Holland in these areas. Additionally, chirp-sonar measurements were analyzed by Turgut. A comparison of geoacoustic models obtained with their methods and with this one was quite good. Comparing transmission loss (TL) predicted with Turgut's local inverse method and TL predicted with the method presented here gave answers that were usually within 3 dB of each other. Typical two-way time spreads of 0.25 s were seen at a range of 7.5 km, with normalized peak correlations of 0.5, and which were fairly consistent with predictions made using the inverse results. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. Def Res & Dev Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Preston, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. EM preston@ciao.arl.psu.edu; dale.ellis@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; roger.gauss@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 709 EP 732 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.862130 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500007 ER PT J AU Brown, WE Barlett, ML AF Brown, WE Barlett, ML TI Midfrequency "through-the-sensor" scattering measurements: A new approach SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; bottom scattering strength; data fusion; georeferenced database; monostatic bottom loss; remote sensing; sonar; "through-the-sensor" measurements ID BOTTOM SCATTERING; SHALLOW-WATER; REVERBERATION; SOUND AB In this paper, a new paradigm for "through-the-sensor" remote sensing of the seafloor is presented. The methodology has been tailored for use with the AN/SQS-53C sonar found on many U.S. Navy destroyers. Sonar beamformer outputs are processed, and a point georeferenced database of signal attributes is constructed. Corresponding sonar settings and ship navigation information are also included for each database point. Database entries are then fused with environmental characteristics, such as bathymetry and sound speed information. These data may be derived from historical databases, on-site measurements, or a combination of the two. The database is then completed by ambiguity resolution and matching of modeled eigenray paths with database entries in order to associate signal attributes with specific propagation paths. Model inputs are derived from a customized version of the Comprehensive Acoustic System Simulation/Gaussian Ray Bundle eigenray propagation model (CASS/GRAB), which performs propagation estimates over incremental range/depth steps. Illustrations of how the point database may be filtered/constrained, gridded, and displayed are presented. An example of how bottom scattering strength can be derived from the database is presented, followed by an example of a technique for monostatic bottom loss estimation. Results indicate that the approach presented in this paper represents a viable method for conducting "through-the-sensor" measurements of seafloor scattering properties. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. EM browng@navo.navy.mil; bariett@arlut.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 733 EP 747 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.862088 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500008 ER PT J AU Holland, CW Gauss, RC Hines, PC Nielsen, P Preston, JR Harrison, CH Ellis, DD LePage, KD Osler, J Nero, RW Hutt, D Turgut, A AF Holland, CW Gauss, RC Hines, PC Nielsen, P Preston, JR Harrison, CH Ellis, DD LePage, KD Osler, J Nero, RW Hutt, D Turgut, A TI Boundary characterization experiment series overview SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE seabed scattering; seabed reflection; sea surface scattering; shallow water acoustic reverberation; sonar clutter ID SHALLOW-WATER; GEOACOUSTIC INVERSION; AMBIENT NOISE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SPEED PROFILE; MUD VOLCANOS; SCATTERING; REVERBERATION; UNCERTAINTY; BACKSCATTER AB Ocean acoustic propagation and reverberation in continental shelf regions is often controlled by the seabed and sea surface boundaries. A series of three multi-national and multi-disciplinary experiments was conducted between 2000-2002 to identify and measure key ocean boundary characteristics. The frequency range of interest was nominally 500-5000 Hz with the main focus on the seabed, which is generally considered as the boundary (if greatest importance and least understood. Two of the experiments were conducted in the Mediterranean in the Strait of Sicily and one experiment in the North Atlantic with sites on the outer New Jersey Shelf (STRATAFORM area) and on the Scotian Shelf. Measurements included seabed reflection, seabed surface, and biologic scattering, propagation, reverberation, and ambient noise along with supporting oceanographic, geologic, and geophysical data. This paper is primarily intended to provide an overview of the experiments and the strategies that linked the various measurements together, with detailed experiment results contained in various papers in this volume and other sources. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Canada Atlantic, Def Res & Dev, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, CW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM holland-cw@psu.edu NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 784 EP 806 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.862133 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500012 ER PT J AU Edelmann, GF Song, HC Kim, S Hodgkiss, WS Kuperman, WA Akal, T AF Edelmann, GF Song, HC Kim, S Hodgkiss, WS Kuperman, WA Akal, T TI Underwater acoustic communications using time reversal SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive channel equalization; communications; decision feedback equalizer; phase conjugation; telemetry; time reversal ID PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION; PULSE-COMPRESSION; ARRAYS; OCEAN AB This paper contains theoretical and experimental results on the application of the time-reversal process to acoustic communications in order to improve data telemetry in the ocean. A coherent underwater acoustic communication system must deal with the inter-symbol interference caused by the time-varying, dispersive, shallow-water ocean environment. An approach is demonstrated that takes advantage of the focal properties of time reversal. The spatial and temporal compression available at the time-reversal focus mitigates channel fading, reduces the dispersion caused by the channel, and increases the signal strength. Thus, a time-reversal communication system does not require spatial diversity at the receiver, i.e., an array of receiving sensors, but takes advantage of spatial diversity at the transmitter. The time-reversal communications system concept is demonstrated using experimental data collected in shallow water. Data telemetry bit rates of 500 bps (BPSK) and 1000 bps (QPSK) with bit error rates of 0 out of 4976 bits and 254 out of 9953 bits, respectively, were obtained when transmitting to a receiver at a distance of 10 km, with a carrier frequency of 3500 Hz, and a 500 Hz; bandwidth. In a shallow-water upslope region, bit error rates of 15 out of 4976 bits and 14 out of 4976 bits were achieved over the same distance. In neither case was complex processing at the receiver used (i.e., channel equalization, error correction coding). Time-reversal transmissions are intercompared with single source and broadside transmissions and shown to have superior results in both range independent and dependent bathymetries. The time-reversal performance appears limited by self-generated inter-symbol interference. In addition, an initial look at the application of a single channel adaptive channel equalizer to received time-reversal communication sequences is presented. The same properties that are beneficial to a single channel receiver are also beneficial to adaptive channel equalization. A single channel RLS DFE equalizer is cascaded with the received time-reversal sequences and shown to further reduce scatter in the I/Q plane. The bit error rate decreased in all but one of the cases. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoffrey.edel-mann@nrl.navy.mil; hcsong@ucsd.edu; sikim@add.re.kr; whodgkiss@ucsd.edu; wak@mpl.ucsd.edu; tuakal@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 852 EP 864 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.862137 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500017 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, TC TI Correlation-based decision-feedback equalizer for underwater acoustic communications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE decision-feedback equalizer; Doppler compensation; passive-phase conjugation; underwater acoustic communications ID PASSIVE-PHASE-CONJUGATION AB The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) using a fixed set of parameters applicable to most shallow oceans with minimal user supervision (i.e., a turn key system). This work is motivated by the superior performance [bit error rate (BER)] of the multichannel DFE compared, with other methods, such as passive-phase conjugation (PPC), at the same time noting its sensitivity to different acoustic environments. The approach is to couple PPC, utilizing its adaptability to different environments, with a single-channel DFE. This coupling, forms an optimal processor for acoustic communications in theory, but it has never been implemented in practice. By coupling with DFE, the method achieves the same spatial diversity as conventional multichannel DFE, without requiring a large number of receivers as does PPC. The correlation-based DFE in terms of the antocorrelation functions of the channel impulse responses summed over the receiver channels (the Q function) is derived. This paper shows in terms of waveguide physics, further supported by real data, the many desirable features of the Q function that suggest, given adequate sampling of the water column, a general applicability of the correlation-based equalizer to different environments, irrespective of the sound speed profiles, bottom properties, and source-receiver ranges/depths. This property can be expected to hold approximately for a small number of receivers with spatial diversity. This paper demonstrates the robustness of the new equalizer with moving source data despite the range change (which modifies the impulse response) and symbol phase change due to time-varying Doppler. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave3li.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 865 EP 880 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.962126 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 013PE UT WOS:000235420500018 ER PT J AU Lin, CT Cantrell, B AF Lin, CT Cantrell, B TI Simultaneous transmission of multiple signals through a shared array aperture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter AB The work presented here discusses the technique of forming a common waveform from multiple signals for transmission through a common aperture that is composed of array modules. The user signals can thus be transmitted simultaneously at full gain in any direction independently. Multiple functions, such as radar and electronic attack, can be performed simultaneously to obtain fire control solutions. To implement this technique practically in wideband operations, alternative processes performing the required waveform-shaping and outphasing amplification are devised that can transmit the high-power diverse waveforms through power amplifiers with little spectral distortion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5340,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lin2@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1458 EP 1464 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 997GH UT WOS:000234232800017 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Yu, RH Di Giacomo, SJ Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Jin, N Chung, SY Yu, RH Di Giacomo, SJ Berger, PR Thompson, PE TI RF performance and modeling of Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE modeling; molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth; RF performance; Si/SiGe heterojunction; tunnel diodes ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RESISTANCE; OPERATION; POWER AB The RF performance of two different Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD) grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) were studied. An RITD with an active region of B delta-doping plane/2 nm i-Si-0.5 Ge-0.5/1 mn i-Si/P delta-doping plane yielded a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 1.14, resistive cutoff frequency (f(r0)) of 5.6 GHz, and a speed index of 23.3 mV/ps after rapid thermal annealing at 650 degrees C for 1 min. To the authors' knowledge, these are the highest reported values for any epitaxially grown Si-based tunnel diode. Another RITD design with an active region of 1 mn p+ Si0.6Ge0.4/B delta-doping plane/4-nm i- Si0.6Ge0.4/2 mn i-Si/P delta-doping plane and annealed at 825 degrees C for 1 min had a PVCR of 2.9, an f(r0) of 0.4 GHz, and a speed index of 0.2 mv/ps. A small signal model was established to fit the measured S-11 data for both device designs. Approaches to increase f(r0) are suggested based on the comparison between these two diodes. The two devices exhibit substantially different junction capacitance/bias relationships, which may suggest the confined states in the delta-doped quantum well are preserved after annealing at lower temperatures but are reduced at higher temperature annealing. A comprehensive dc/RF semi-physical model was developed and implemented in Agilent advanced design system (ADS) software. Instabilities in the negative differential resistance (NDR) region during dc measurements were then simulated. C1 Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.856183 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 968WG UT WOS:000232193000003 ER PT J AU Yin, HZ Hobart, KD Peterson, RL Kub, FJ Sturm, JC AF Yin, HZ Hobart, KD Peterson, RL Kub, FJ Sturm, JC TI Ultrathin strained-SOI by stress balance on compliant substrates and FET performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE compliant substrate; SiGe; silicon-on-insulator (SOI); strained-Si ID ON-INSULATOR; MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT; SI; ELECTRON; MOSFETS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RELAXATION; SI/SIGE; LAYERS; OXIDE AB Ultrathin, strained-silicon-on-insulator (s-SOI) structures without a residual. silicon-germanium (SiGe) underlayer have been fabricated using stress balance of bi-layer structures on compliant borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG). The bi-layer structure consisted of SiGe and silicon films, which were initially pseudomorphically grown on a silicon substrate and then transferred onto BPSG by a wafer bonding and SmartCut(1) process. The viscous flow of the BPSG during a high-temperature anneal then allowed the SiGe/Si bi-layer to laterally coherently expand to reach stress balance, creating tensile strain in the silicon film. No dislocations are required for the process, making it a promising approach for achieving high-quality strained-silicon for device applications. To prevent the diffusion of boron and phosphorus into the silicon from the BPSG, a thin nitride film was inserted between the bi-layer and BPSG to act as a diffusion barrier, so that a lightly doped, sub-10-nm s-SOI layer (0.73% strain) was demonstrated. N-channel MOSFETs fabricated in a 25-nm silicon layer with 0.6% strain showed a mobility enhancement of 50%. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. IBM Corp, Hopewell Jct, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yin, HZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2207 EP 2214 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.8.56185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 968WG UT WOS:000232193000013 ER PT J AU Amin, M AF Amin, M TI Electromechanic properties of high coupling single crystals under large electric drive and uniaxial compression SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION; STABILITY; PHASE AB This work investigates the 33-mode electromechanical response of relaxor-ferroclectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals when driven with large fields similar to 0.4 MV/m under a combined direct current (DC) field and mechanical bias similar to those used in the design of sound projectors. It demonstrates that the remarkable small signal length extensional coupling (k(33) > 0.90) and other electromechanical properties of morphotropic PMN-PT single crystals prevail tinder large drive. The observed k(33) roll-off at 42 MPa compressive stress is analyzed in terms of the recent structural data and the high-order Devonshire theory of possible ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition trajectories. C1 USN, Undersea Warf Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, M (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warf Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.inil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1632 EP 1637 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 985LA UT WOS:000233377800002 ER PT J AU Tessier, R Jasinski, D Maheshwari, A Natarajan, A Xu, WF Burleson, W AF Tessier, R Jasinski, D Maheshwari, A Natarajan, A Xu, WF Burleson, W TI An energy-aware active smart card SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE adiabatic; fault tolerance; smart cards ID POWER CAM DESIGN; ADIABATIC LOGIC AB Despite recent advances in smart card technology, most modern smart cards continue to rely on card readers for power and clocking, creating a potential security gap. In this paper, we present an energy-aware smart card architecture that operates using an embedded battery and crystal. This low-power VLSI system is continually active and provides enhanced security through periodic internal update when the card is detached from a reader. Our architecture achieves reduced power consumption by deactivating the majority of its circuitry, including an embedded microcontroller, for the vast majority of the card's lifetime. A proof-of-concept prototype implementation of the architecture has been developed including register-transfer-level and gate-level designs which have been synthesized to silicon. To permit extended operation for up to 18 months, critical design logic has been implemented using ultralow-power (adiabatic) circuit techniques. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Adv Micro Devices Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Tessier, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tessier@ecs.umass.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-8210 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1199 DI 10.1109/TVLSI.2005.859471 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 995RV UT WOS:000234122400008 ER PT J AU Bache, M Holtz, R Paris, P AF Bache, M Holtz, R Paris, P TI Fatigue damage of structural materials V - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bache, M (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. EM m.bache@swansea.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1145 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.023 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300001 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Jones, HN Cheng, SF Feng, CR AF Pao, PS Jones, HN Cheng, SF Feng, CR TI Fatigue crack propagation in ultrafine grained Al-Mg alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue crack growth; fatigue crack growth threshold; ultrafine grained material; microstructure; aluminum ID GROWTH; DEFLECTION; STABILITY AB The fatigue crack growth rates in ultrafine grained (UFG) Al-7.5Mg were investigated and were compared to those observed in powder-metallurgy (P/M) Al-7Mg and ingot-metallurgy (I/M) Al-7Mg. Fatigue crack growth rates in UFG AI-7.5Mg are significantly higher than those of P/M Al-7Mg, which, in turn, are significantly higher than those of I/M Al-7Mg. The fatigue crack growth threshold is the lowest in the UFG Al-7.5Mg, followed by P/M Al-7Mg, and is the highest in I/M Al-7Mg. The higher fatigue crack growth rates and lower thresholds in UFG Al-7.5Mg may be attributed to the much smoother fracture surface morphology and lower roughness-induced crack closure and crack deflection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Code 6323,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pao@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1164 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300005 ER PT J AU Masumura, RA Pande, CS Chou, YT AF Masumura, RA Pande, CS Chou, YT TI Model for interaction of dislocation arrays with a crack SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue; dislocations; crack shielding; thresholds ID FREE ZONE; FRACTURE; TIP AB We examine the case of two arrays of discrete edge dislocations in the presence of a semi-infinite crack. The arrays are symmetrically located about the plane of the crack and pass through the tip. From the elasto-static formulation for isotropic materials utilizing complex variable functions, we have developed the required equilibrium forces. The analysis gives the number of dislocations in equilibrium with the crack at a given load, and the size of the dislocation free zone. The resulting analysis also yields the size of the plastic zone and an estimate of the critical threshold for further dislocation emission. These results will be compared with dislocation analysis results reported by other workers, especially Lin and Thomson [Lin IH, Thomson R. Cleavage, dislocation emission, and shielding for cracks under general loading. Acta Met 1986;(34):187-206]. The applicability of these results for a quantitative description of the phenomenon fatigue thresholds will also be briefly considered. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Masumura, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM masumura@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1170 EP 1174 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300006 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off ID STRESS RATIO; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MEAN STRESS; DELTA-K; TI-6AL-4V; THRESHOLD; PROPAGATION; ENVIRONMENTS; PARAMETERS; MECHANISMS AB Fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloys is examined using the Unified Approach developed by the authors. The approach is based on the realization that fatigue requires two load parameters for unambiguous description. This requirement manifests as two fracture mechanics parameters: maximum stress intensity factor, K-max, and stress intensity amplitude, Delta K. The former essentially governs the breaking of the bonds contributing to crack growth, while the latter controls the extent of cyclic damage required ahead of the crack tip. The former can also be associated with the monotonic plastic zone, while the latter with the cyclic plastic zone. The crack growth behavior in Ti-alloys is complicated by several factors such as microstructure and its dependent flow properties, planarity and heterogeneity of slip, environmental sensitivity of the alloy, and changes in the flow behavior due to segregation of internal hydrogen contributing to localized creep and embrittlement. In the past, several anomalies in the behavior have been noted. The Unified Approach demonstrates that these observed anomalies are closely related to changes in the mechanisms of crack growth due to synergistic effects of mechanical and chemical driving forces. Crack growth trajectory maps developed under the Unified Approach document these changes in the mechanisms that occur with increasing crack growth rate or stress intensity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 54 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300019 ER PT J AU Bukkapatnam, STS Sadananda, K AF Bukkapatnam, STS Sadananda, K TI A genetic algorithm for unified approach-based predictive modeling of fatigue crack growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE genetic algorithm; unified approach; fatigue crack growth ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DELTA-K; PROPAGATION; CLOSURE; MECHANISMS; THRESHOLD AB This paper presents a framework to derive models of fatigue crack growth in real-life applications based on the unified approach. The unified approach enunciates that two parameters-namely, the stress intensity amplitude Delta K and the peak stress intensity K-max-drive fatigue crack growth. It captures and explicates the various fatigue phenomena coherently. However, its application for damage prediction is still in its infancy. Mathematical models that are consistent with the approach and the various observed characteristics under various environments are imperative for fatigue damage life prediction. These models will reduce cumbersome experimentation that is usually needed for the fatigue crack growth analysis. The framework presented in this paper consists of using the unified approach to design the structure of a model that relates fatigue crack growth with the specified microstructure, applied stress and environmental conditions. The fatigue growth model is derived by parametrizing, using a genetic algorithm, these structural relationships from the known experimental data. This model can quantitatively estimate crack growth rate under the given combination of microstructure, applied stress and environmental conditions. The initial research on modeling fatigue crack growth dynamics in Al-5052 under vacuum and air has revealed that the models resulting from the framework can capture the actual crack growth pattern to within 12% accuracy, and that an automatic rendering of Delta K* vs. K-max(*) trajectories is possible for a given material and environmental conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USN, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bukkapatnam, STS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bsatish@okstate.edu; sada@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1354 EP 1359 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.025 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300030 ER PT J AU Croft, M Zhong, Z Jisrawi, N Zakharchenko, I Holtz, RL Skaritka, J Fast, T Sadananda, K Lakshmipathy, M Tsakalakos, T AF Croft, M Zhong, Z Jisrawi, N Zakharchenko, I Holtz, RL Skaritka, J Fast, T Sadananda, K Lakshmipathy, M Tsakalakos, T TI Strain profiling of fatigue crack overload effects using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue; strain; X-ray; synchrotron; overload ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; SYNCHROTRON DIFFRACTION; SINGLE; GROWTH; STEEL AB Synchrotron based energy dispersive X-ray diffraction has been used to profile the strains around fatigue cracks in 4140 steel test specimens. In particular strain field comparisons were made on specimens prepared: with initial constant stress intensity fatigue; with this initial fatigue followed by a single overload cycle; and with this fatigue-overload sequence followed by an additional constant stress intensity fatigue. The strain profiles behind, at and in-front-of the crack tip are discussed in detail. Selected strain profiles measurements under in situ applied tensile stress are also presented. The technique of optical surface height profiling reveals surface depression effects which can be correlated with the interior strain profiles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Zygo Corp, Middlefield, CT 06455 USA. RP Croft, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM croft@physics.rutgers.edu NR 15 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1408 EP 1419 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.022 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300035 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K Holtz, RL AF Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K Holtz, RL TI Analysis of vacuum fatigue crack growth results and its implications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE steels; oxide measurements; fatigue crack growth rate (FCG); crack tip opening displacement (CTOD); Delta K; K-max; environment; vacuum ID LOAD RATIO; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; THRESHOLD; CLOSURE; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; STEEL; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB Conventionally, the reduction of Delta K-th with load ratio R has been interpreted in terms of crack closure arising from plasticity, oxide or crack surface roughness. Since, plane-strain conditions exist near-threshold, plasticity-induced closure is absent. Therefore, to account for R-ratio effects near-threshold, the oxide and roughness closure mechanisms have been proposed. Further analysis has shown that these other two closure effects also are small, when the results taken in vacuum were included. The present analysis shows that there is a unique relation of the oxide thickness with a threshold K-max, rather than with a threshold Delta K. This threshold K-max (K*(max,th)) depends on environment. When the applied K-max < K*(max,th), the crack is stationary in the presence of the oxide formation and grows only when the applied Kmax > K*(max,th). Thus, the oxide thickness-K-max relation seems to have a bearing on the criterion for crack growth in the presence of the environment. Oxide formation passivates the crack surfaces and retards the environmental damage ahead of the crack-tip. Examples from CrMo and NiCrMo steels support this viewpoint and suggest that there is a pressing need for quantifying the crack-tip environmental effects and fatigue thresholds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 80 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1519 EP 1529 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.026 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300047 ER PT J AU Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K TI Effects of various environments on fatigue crack growth in Laser formed and IM Ti-6Al-4V alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue crack growth; stress ratio; Delta K; K-max; environmental effect; stress intensity; stress corrosion cracking; Laser formed and IM Ti-6Al-4V alloys ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; STRESS RATIO; THRESHOLD; BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; STEELS; PROPAGATION; EXPLANATION; VACUUM AB The fatigue crack growth behaviors of Laser formed and ingot metallurgy (IM) Ti-6Al-4V alloys were studied in three environments: vacuum, air and 3.5% NaCl solution. Taking the Unified Fatigue Damage Approach, the fatigue crack growth data were analyzed with two intrinsic parameters, stress intensity amplitude Delta K and maximum stress intensity K-max, and their limiting values Delta K* and K-max*. Fatigue crack growth rates da/dN were found increase with stress ratio R, highest in 3.5% NaCl solution, somewhat less in air and lowest in vacuum, and higher in IM alloy than in Laser formed one. In 3.5% NaCl solution, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was superimposed on fatigue at R = 0.9 for where K-max > K-ISCC, the threshold stress intensity for SCC. This and environment-assisted fatigue crack growth were evidenced by the deviation in fatigue crack growth trajectory (Delta K-double dagger vs. K-max* curve) from the pure fatigue line where Delta K* = K-max*. Furthermore, the fractographic features, identified along the trajectory path, reflected the fatigue crack growth behaviors of both alloys in a given environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300057 ER PT J AU Barlow, KW Chandra, R AF Barlow, KW Chandra, R TI Fatigue crack propagation simulation in an aircraft engine fan blade attachment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE crack propagation; fracture; simulation; engine; fan blade ID MIXED-MODE; DOVETAIL JOINTS; GROWTH; THRESHOLDS AB This paper discusses the computation of three-dimensional fatigue crack growth rates in a typical military aircraft engine fan blade attachment under centrifugal and aerodynamic loads. The three-dimensional crack growth simulations utilize FRANC3D, a state-of-the-art crack propagation software developed at Cornell University, which uses boundary elements and linear elastic fracture mechanics. With an existing three-dimensional finite element contact stress analysis with a prescribed coefficient of friction (COF) along the contact surface, the displacements and stress intensity factors are calculated on the crack leading edge to yield crack propagation trajectories and growth rates. Due to complex geometry of the fan blade attachment and loading conditions, all three-fracture modes are considered and the associated stress intensity factors (SIF) are calculated using the Crack Opening Displacement (COD) approach. Crack propagation trajectories under mixed-mode conditions are obtained using the planar and maximum tangential stress crack-extension criteria. The fatigue crack in the blade attachment is subjected to an over speed mission cycle that includes high cycle frequencies (i.e., spectrum load) and the crack growth rate is predicted utilizing the Forman-Newman-de Koning (FNK) model. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of a cracked component from an engine ASMET (Accelerated Simulated Mission Endurance Test) are used to evaluate and compare the simulation results. The calculated SIF's from the simulations indicate a strong Mode-I (K-I) and Mode-III (K-III) interaction at the edge of contact (EOC). However, on the free surface it is primarily a crack opening (KI) condition only. The crack growth rates are determined using the planar extension criterion which correlates better with the test data than the maximum tangential stress extension criteria. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Naval Air Syst Command Prop & Power Engn, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Barlow, KW (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command Prop & Power Engn, NAVAIR, 22195 Elmer Rd,Bldg 106, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM kenneth.barlow@navy.mil NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300064 ER PT J AU Tudor, V Ohadi, M Salehi, MA Lawler, JV AF Tudor, V Ohadi, M Salehi, MA Lawler, JV TI Advances in control of frost on evaporator coils with an applied electric field SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE DBD frost melting; refrigeration; coil; AC current; micro-discharge AB This paper introduces an innovative technique on use of an applied electric field for control of frost over evaporator coils with fin density and geometric configuration of interest to freezer/refrigerator applications. The technique discussed in this paper, referred to as the "dielectric barrier discharge" (DBD) method, may be particularly suitable for application in evaporator coils with high fin density. Experiments conducted with a small-scale laboratory test-module, as well as a full-scale supermarket evaporator are presented. The DBD technique is based on generating localized non-resistive heating within fins of an evaporator coil via application of a high-voltage, alternating current through electrodes. Our experiments demonstrate that the defrosting time using DBD is substantially shorter than conventional techniques, while the energy consumption associated with the process is less than one half of the corresponding energy of the electrical resistance heating methods. Basic operational principles of the technique, its advantages and limitations when compared to conventional electrical defrosting techniques are discussed and presented for the first time in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Adv Thermal Res Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Smart & Small Thermal Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ATEC Inc, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tudor, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Adv Thermal Res Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM vtudor@usna.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 21-22 BP 4428 EP 4434 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.05.011 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 965BY UT WOS:000231926200012 ER PT J AU Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T AF Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T TI Development of low temperature curing, 120 degrees C, durable, corrosion protection powder coatings for temperature sensitive substrates SO JCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual International Waterborne, High-Solids and Power Coatings Symposium CY 2004 CL New Orleans, IA DE differential scanning calorimetry; catalysis; corrosion; corrosion protection; powder; aluminum; low temperature cure ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; PART AB Commercial low temperature cure powder coatings, including candidates representative of all the major coating chemistries, were evaluated. Nearly all failed to adequately react at a cure schedule of 120 degrees C for 30 min, and none, even when prepared at their manufacturer's lowest recommended cure conditions, met the stringent performance needs for temperature-sensitive military applications. Initial research is presented toward developing low temperature cure powder coatings that simultaneously meet all performance requirements at this target cure schedule. Using commercial resins, corrosion inhibitors, and catalysts,. this research effort has closed gaps in low temperature cure coating performance and has helped to identify critical deficiencies. This study establishes direction for future developments in new resin and catalyst technologies. C1 GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. Crosslink Powder Coatings Inc, Clearwater, FL USA. Honeywell Dept Energy, Kansas City, MO USA. NavAir, Patuxent River, MD USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merfeld, G (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Cir,Bldg K1,Room 4B37, Niskayuna, NY USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 JCT RES JI JCT Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1007/BF02774595 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 977DG UT WOS:000232782000009 ER PT J AU Holley, KG Furman, BD Babalola, OM Lipman, JD Padgett, DE Wright, TM AF Holley, KG Furman, BD Babalola, OM Lipman, JD Padgett, DE Wright, TM TI Impingement of acetabular cups in a hip simulator - Comparison of highly cross-linked and conventional polyethylene SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Hip-and-Knee-Surgeons CY NOV 04-06, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Assoc Hip & Knee Surg DE impingement; polyethylene; total hip arthroplasty; hip simulator; cross-linking ID WEAR AB We hypothesized that the reduction in toughness that accompanies elevated levels of cross-linking ill ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene would lead to increased wear and damage in acetabular CLIPS under conditions of impingement with the neck of the femoral component. Test CLIPS were exposed to 2.8, 10, and 20 Mrad of gamma irradiation and were tested in a Simulator, incorporating impingement during every wear cycle. Wear behavior was compared based oil wear rate, observations of damage, and the number and morphology of wear particles. The 10-Mrad cups had the lowest rate (15.2 +/- 5.1 mg/Mc), followed by the 2.8-Mrad (40.1 +/- 4.2 mg/Mc) and 20-Mrad (67.9 +/- 24.2 mg/Mc) groups. The wear damage was most severe in the 20-Mrad cups, although all 3 groups showed pitting and delaminating. Wear rates and damage of highly cross-linked polyethylene cups were significantly higher in all impingement wear test than in previous Simulator studies. C1 Hosp Special Surg, Lab Biomed Mech & Mat, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Holley, KG (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 7 SU 3 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2005.04.026 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 982GP UT WOS:000233146400015 PM 16214007 ER PT J AU Wikstrom, EA Tillman, MD Smith, AN Borsa, PA AF Wikstrom, EA Tillman, MD Smith, AN Borsa, PA TI A new force-plate technology measure of dynamic postural stability: The dynamic postural stability index SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE jump landings; ground reaction forces; sampling intervals; time to stabilization ID FUNCTIONAL ANKLE INSTABILITY; STABILIZATION; RELIABILITY; SYSTEM; JOINT; TIME; FATIGUE; STANCE AB Context. New measures of dynamic postural stability are needed to address weaknesses of previous measures. Objective: To assess the feasibility, reliability, and precision of a new measure of dynamic postural stability. Design: A single within-subjects design was used to determine optimal sampling interval as well as intersession reliability. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen subjects (7 men [age = 22 +/- 3 years, height 175 +/- 5 cm, mass = 75 +/- 16 kg] and 11 women [age = 23 +/- 2 years, height = 163 +/- 6 cm, mass = 68 +/- 13 kg]) without lower extremity impairment. Intervention(s): A jump protocol that required subjects to perform a 2-legged jump to a height equivalent to 50% of their maximum vertical leap and land on a single leg. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) and the directional components (medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, and vertical) after a jump landing. Results: We observed a significant sampling-interval main effect (F-2.51 = 26.88, P < .01) for the DPSI; the 10-second trial duration produced significantly smaller means than the 5- and 3-second trial durations, whereas the 5-second trial result was also significantly smaller than that of the 3-second trial. The DPSI was highly reliable between test sessions (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96) and very precise (SEM = -.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the DPSI can be used in conjunction with a functional single-leg hop stabilization test and is a reliable and precise measure of dynamic postural stability. We believe the shortest sampling interval (3 seconds) is the best choice for studying and mimicking athletic performance as closely as possible. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Appl Physiol & Kinesiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wikstrom, EA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Appl Physiol & Kinesiol, POB 118205, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ewikstrom@hhp.ufl.edu OI Borsa, Paul/0000-0001-5536-2541 NR 22 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 12 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 996MO UT WOS:000234178200009 PM 16404452 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Rajesh, YBRD Ranganathan, S AF Karle, IL Rajesh, YBRD Ranganathan, S TI Conformational variability exhibited by mellitic acid anions (MA(-n)) with organic amine cations: Structures with an abundance of NH center dot center dot center dot OC hydrogen bonds and a paucity of hydrogen bonds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE crystal structure analysis; extended sheets; ribbons; ionic interactions; mellitic acid complexes; strong and weak hydrogen bonds; hard crystal packing ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION; DERIVATIVES; SALTS AB Benzenehexacarboxylic acid (mellitic acid) is an ideal substrate for the study of radially arranged ionic interactions with organic bases. Earlier work has shown that the net charge in MA (-4, -3, or -2) influences its assembly, respectively, either as ribbons or sheets. In the former case the cations intersperse the ribbons forming a tight network. In the MA sheets from the latter, the cations are arranged in orthogonal stacks. In the MA-phenanthroline complex such stacks are arranged exactly parallel resulting in significant pi-pi interactions. The present work relates to the modification of the phenanthroline motif to flexible structures. The reported ability of 2,3-bis-(2'-pyridyl) pyrazine (P2), prepared from 2,2'-pyridyl by reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA) followed by dehydrogenation of the resulting 2,3-bis-(2'-pyridyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazine, to form helical structures made it an obvious choice for complexation studies with MA. These resulted not only in the formation of the desired 7 MAP2 complex but also, surprisingly, with the dihydroprecursor complex with EDA 3 (MAEDA), a compound that eluded direct preparation with MA and EDA. The crystal structure of MAEDA reports the first complex of MA where MA(-5) ions are encountered. The 15 hydrogen bonds, three for each N, result in hard packing. The complex with P2 7 (MAP2) showed the common features of MA(-2) sheets. Unlike phenanthroline, the nonplanar disposition of the pyridine rings made it possible for both pyridine protons to be available for salt formation, resulting in the arrangement of the cations in layers interposed between the sheets of MA(-2) ions. The pyrazine ring does not participate in hydrogen bonding or stacking in the crystal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Ranganathan, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.1007/s10870-005-4554-9 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 977HF UT WOS:000232793300012 ER PT J AU Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Ragain, JC AF Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Ragain, JC TI Comparison of two video-imaging instruments for measuring volumetric shrinkage of dental resin composites SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymerization; shrinkage; video-imaging; comparison; composites; resin ID MEASURING POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CURING CONTRACTION; STRAIN; FILLER; DILATOMETER; STRESS; CONFIGURATION; ELASTICITY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the polymerization shrinkage of three dental resin composites using two commercially available video-imaging devices to determine if the devices produced equivalent results. Methods: Small, semi-spherical specimens of a microhybrid (Venus), microfill (Filtek A110), and flowable (Esthet center dot X Flow) resin composite were manually formed and tight activated for 40 s using a light-curing unit. The volumetric polymerization shrinkage of fifteen specimens of each brand of resin composite was measured using the AcuVol and the Drop Shape Analysis System model DSA10 Mk2 (DSAS) video-imaging devices. Mean volumetric shrinkage values were calculated for each resin composite and equivalence was evaluated using the two one-sided tests approach. Differences between the means that were less than approximately 5% of the observed shrinkage were considered indicative of clinical equivalence. Results: Mean volumetric shrinkage values measured for the resin composites were: Venus (AcuVol, 3.07 +/- 0.07%; DSAS, 2.90 +/- 0.07%); Filtek A110 (AcuVol, 2.26 +/- 0.10%; DSAS, 2.25 +/- 0.09%); and Esthet center dot X Flow (AcuVol, 5.01 +/- 0.17%; DSAS, 5.14 +/- 0.11 %). Statistical analysis revealed that the two imaging devices produced equivalent results for Filtek A110 and Esthet center dot X Flow but not for Venus. Conclusions: Video-imaging systems provide an easy method for measuring volumetric shrinkage of resin composites. As with other methods for measuring volumetric shrinkage, however, they are best used to comparatively measure different materials within the same laboratory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Great Lakes, IL USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Recruit Training Command, Recruit Treatment Branch Dent Clin, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL USA. EM dgcharlton@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.02.004 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 977QD UT WOS:000232817400007 PM 16199284 ER PT J AU Sarathy, AP Bourgeois, SL Goodell, GG AF Sarathy, AP Bourgeois, SL Goodell, GG TI Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws and endodontic treatment: Two case reports SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE bisphosphonates; osteonecrosis; jaws; endodontics; pamidronate; zoledronate; alendronate ID NECROSIS; BONE AB Bisphosphonates are commonly used in the management of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, and to prevent bone complications and to treat malignant hypercalcemia in certain types of cancer. Although this class of drugs has clear evidence of medical efficacy, there are an increasing number of reports of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws that have substantial implications for the patient and for the treating dentist. This case report reviews proposed possible mechanisms of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws and describes two case reports where nonsurgical and surgical root canal treatments were precipitating factors. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of the disease follow. Thorough history taking and timely consultation with the patient's oral surgeon and oncologist are emphasized. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, NNMC, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000182737.09980.2c PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 969EC UT WOS:000232215200012 PM 16186759 ER PT J AU Gall, K Diao, JK Dunn, ML Haftel, M Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ AF Gall, K Diao, JK Dunn, ML Haftel, M Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ TI Tetragonal phase transformation in gold nanowires SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-STRESS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; METALS; TRANSITION; NANOSTRUCTURES; RECONSTRUCTION; IMPURITIES; MICROSCOPY AB First principle, tight binding, and semi-empirical embedded atom calculations are used to investigate a tetragonal phase transformation in gold nanowires. As wire diameter is decreased, tight binding and modified embedded atom simulations predict a surface-stress-induced phase transformation from a face-centered-cubic (fcc) (100) nanowire into a body-centered-tetragonal (bct) nanowire. In bulk gold, all theoretical approaches predict a local energy minimum at the bct phase, but tight binding and first principle calculations predict elastic instability of the bulk bct phase. The predicted existence of the stable bct phase in the nanowires is thus attributed to constraint from surface stresses. The results demonstrate that surface stresses are theoretically capable of inducing phase transformation and subsequent phase stability in nanometer scale metallic wires under appropriate conditions. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gall, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016; OI DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1115/1.1924558 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 976WW UT WOS:000232765200009 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Sanders, BF AF Bradford, SF Sanders, BF TI Performance of high-resolution, nonlevel bed, shallow-water models SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE shallow waters; simulation; water flow; hydraulic models ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; FINITE-VOLUME MODEL; SOURCE TERMS; FLUX GRADIENTS; SCHEMES; EQUATIONS; GODUNOV AB Several techniques are investigated for extending Roe ' s finite volume method to second-order spatial and temporal accuracy in order to better simulate shallow water flow over nonlevel beds. Specifically, methods reported in the literature for limiting and reconstructing dependent variables, discretizing source terms, and time stepping are examined. Steady subcritical and supercritical flow as well as unsteady flow over nonlevel beds is simulated in order to evaluate each methods ' performance in terms of error and computational effort. There is not a single method which minimizes error and computational effort for all test cases. On the contrary, methods that perform best in one application may be suboptimal in another. A general purpose modeling approach that balances accuracy against computational effort is identified and recommended. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradford@nrl.navy.mil RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1081 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:10(1073) PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 967MN UT WOS:000232095400009 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Magann, EF AF Haas, DM Magann, EF TI External cephalic version with an amniotic fluid index <= 10: A systematic review SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE amniotic fluid index; external cephalic version; breech ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA; CESAREAN-SECTION; LATE PREGNANCY; SUCCESS RATE; TERM; TOCOLYSIS; VOLUME; ANTEPARTUM; METAANALYSIS AB Objective. To review the literature and evaluate the role of the amniotic fluid index (AFI) on the success of an external cephalic version (ECV). Study design. A computerized search of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were conducted using 'breech', 'version', 'external cephalic version', 'amniotic fluid', and 'amniotic fluid index'. References from the identified publications were manually searched to identify additional relevant articles. Articles from 1987 to 2004 were included. Results. Of the initial 33 articles discovered, only three remained after exclusions. These articles used different AFI ranges for 'borderline' or 'low-normal' fluid measurements and therefore could not be combined for analysis. All three studies demonstrated a lower success rate of ECV with lower amniotic fluid volume estimates (AFI 5-8, <10, or <8.6), although none reached statistical significance. Conclusion. Due to limited and dissimilar data, it is impossible to define the lower AFI threshold for an unsuccessful ECV compared with the success of a normal AFI. Although not statistically significant, an AFI 510 may correlate with lower success rates for an ECV. C1 Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept OB GYN, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept OB GYN, 100 Brewster Blvd, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. EM dahaas@iupui.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1080/14767050500277586 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 994DF UT WOS:000234009900007 PM 16318975 ER PT J AU Liu, J Fan, L DeVoe, DL AF Liu, J Fan, L DeVoe, DL TI Microfabricated sequential-leaf time-delay mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzing; safety and arming; time delay ID SWITCHES AB Arrays of micromechanical sequential-leaf time-delay mechanisms based on SOI/DRIE technology have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The devices were designed as elements of a larger fuzing system for rifled munitions, in which a passive timing mechanism triggers at a predetermined rotational speed, followed by a desired delay time before the next element of the munition fuzing train is activated. Analytical models for the micromechanical timing mechanisms have been developed, and a variety of designs were simulated from the linear and nonlinear models, and using dynamics simulation software. Fabricated mechanism arrays designed to initiate switching at centrifugal accelerations from 44 to 263 g were characterized using a high-speed camera, with delay times of between 0.67 and 0.95 ms achieved for single elements within the arrays. Measured delay times and switching accelerations follow predicted trends based on analytical and numerical models. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Microengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Microengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@eng.umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1060 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.851868 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 974DH UT WOS:000232571000019 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DM Andrews, JR AF Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DM Andrews, JR TI Experimental results of a MEMS-based adaptive optics system SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation AB Adaptive optics techniques have been demonstrated in both laboratory and field tests, with a great level of scientific satisfaction, especially in astronomical and surveillance communities. Such successes have sparked the interest for these techniques in other fields, like biomedical imaging and industrial applications. However, to decrease complexity and costs, both very important issues for applications other than astronomical and surveillance, new technologies have to be brought to fruition. MEMS are becoming a very important player in this arena. We describe a portable adaptive optics (AO) system based on a MEM device that has been tested in both laboratory and field experiments. Results of these tests are discussed. Capabilities and shortcomings of this technology are discussed. A look at future applications and trends is given. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Narrascape, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215 3550 Albuquerque 3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM sergio.restaino@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 AR 041504 DI 10.1117/1.2120487 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 005XK UT WOS:000234859500013 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, JE AF Czarnecki, JE TI Not a good day to die: The untold story of operation Anaconda. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Czarnecki, JE (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1266 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0216 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 972XM UT WOS:000232486700067 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Altimeter measurements of wind and wave modulation by the Kuroshio in the Yellow and East China Seas SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE air-sea-current interaction; Kuroshio; modulation; wave-current interaction; stability ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERNAL WAVES; GROWTH; CURRENTS; MODEL; SPEED; BUOYS; WEST; FORM AB The Kuroshio is the major ocean current conveying heat and water mass in the Pacific Ocean. The impact of the Kuroshio on regional wind and wave distributions has been studied with spaceborne-altimeter measurements in the Yellow and East China Seas. In this region the Kuroshio trajectory is relatively stationary and the monsoon patterns dominate, making it an ideal natural laboratory for large scale air-sea-current interaction research. Major findings from this study include: (a) The Kuroshio exerts significant influence on the wind and wave distributions over a swath about 800-km wide along its path. (b) Seasonal average wind speeds reach a maximum near the Kuroshio axis. The magnitude of enhancement ranges between 20 and 50 percent. (c) The distribution of the surface wave heights displays similar spatial patterns to the wind-speed distribution. The Kuroshio effects on wave heights are further complicated by the hydrodynamic modulation of wave-current interaction and the influence of thermal stratification on wind-wave generation. (d) Kuroshio effects are most prominent in the first and last quarters of the year, and least prominent in the third quarter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 34 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 61 IS 5 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.1007/s10872-006-0015-0 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 959DR UT WOS:000231497600015 ER PT J AU Gurdal, G Amro, H Beausang, CW Brenner, DS Carpenter, MP Casten, RF Engelhardt, C Hagemann, GB Hansen, CR Hartley, DJ Herskind, B Hubel, H Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Meyer, DA Moore, EF Neusser, A Bringel, P Roux, DG Sletten, G Yadav, RB Zhang, Y AF Gurdal, G Amro, H Beausang, CW Brenner, DS Carpenter, MP Casten, RF Engelhardt, C Hagemann, GB Hansen, CR Hartley, DJ Herskind, B Hubel, H Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Meyer, DA Moore, EF Neusser, A Bringel, P Roux, DG Sletten, G Yadav, RB Zhang, Y TI Quadrupole moment measurements of TSD1 and TSD2 bands in Lu-167 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nuclear, Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (NUSTAR 05) CY JAN 05-08, 2005 CL Univ Surrey, Guildford, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys HO Univ Surrey AB The triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands in Lu-167 were populated by the Sb-123(Ca-48, 4n) reaction with a beam energy of 203 MeV. Gamma rays, requiring five fold or more in prompt coincidence, were detected with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Of particular interests are TSD bands 1 and 2 which have previously been interpreted as zero phonon and one phonon wobbling bands, respectively. Using the Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM), a preliminary transition quadrupole moment of 6.9(-0.3)(+0.3) eb was extracted for the TSD1 band. Data analysis continues for TSD2 which is considerably more weakly populated. C1 Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bonn, HISKP, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 SI SI BP S1873 EP S1876 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/10/091 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 974FB UT WOS:000232575600093 ER PT J AU Riley, MA Djongolov, MK Evans, AO Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Paul, ES Simpson, J Aguilar, AA Appelbe, DE Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Choy, PTW Clark, RM Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Gorgen, A Hagemann, GB Joss, DT Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Laird, RW Lagergren, K Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Nolan, PJ Park, HI Pipidis, A Riedinger, LL Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Ward, D Ragnarsson, I Saric, F Zhang, JY AF Riley, MA Djongolov, MK Evans, AO Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Paul, ES Simpson, J Aguilar, AA Appelbe, DE Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Choy, PTW Clark, RM Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Gorgen, A Hagemann, GB Joss, DT Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Laird, RW Lagergren, K Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Nolan, PJ Park, HI Pipidis, A Riedinger, LL Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Ward, D Ragnarsson, I Saric, F Zhang, JY TI Beyond band termination in Er-157 and the search for wobbling excitations in strongly deformed Hf-174 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nuclear, Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (NUSTAR 05) CY JAN 05-08, 2005 CL Univ Surrey, Guildford, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys HO Univ Surrey ID NUCLEI AB High-spin terminating bands in heavy nuclei were first identified in nuclei around Er-158(90). While examples of special terminating states have been identified in a number of erbium isotopes, almost nothing is known about the states lying beyond band termination. In the present work the high-spin structure of Er-157 has been studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. The subject of triaxial superdeformation and 'wobbling' modes in Lu nuclei has rightly attracted a great deal of attention. Very recently, four strongly or superdeformed (SD) sequences have been observed in Hf-174 and ultimate cranker calculations predict, such structures may have significant triaxial deformation. We have performed two experiments in an attempt to verify the possible triaxial nature of these bands. A lifetime measurement was performed to confirm the large (and similar) deformation of the bands. In addition, a high-statistics, thin-target experiment was run to search for linking transitions between the SD bands and possible wobbling modes. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CCLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Riley, MA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 SI SI BP S1735 EP S1740 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/10/064 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 974FB UT WOS:000232575600066 ER PT J AU Plourd, DM Austin, LTK AF Plourd, DM Austin, LTK TI Correlation of a reported history of chickenpox with seropositive immunity in pregnant women SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 18-23, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Armed Forces Dist DE chickenpox; pregnancy complications, infectious; immunity ID VARICELLA; VACCINE; ZOSTER; ADULTS; VIRUS AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate to what degree a positive verbal history of prior chickenpox infection correlates with current immunity. STUDY DESIGN: Patients presenting for prenatal registration at Naval Medical Center, San Diego, from January through June 2002 were candidates to participate in the study. Each patient was asked about her personal history of chickenpox. A blood sample was then obtained for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG antibody test. RESULTS: Results were obtained on 1,085 patients. Of the 940 evaluable patients who reported a positive history of varicella, 904 (96.2%) were serologically immune; 21 (2.2%) of them had a negative antibody titer, and 15 (1.6%) of them had an equivocal titer. The overall seronegativity rate was 4.14% for all patients enrolled, CONCLUSION: There is a strong correlation between a reported history of chickenpox and serum immunity. Universal screening does not seem necessary, but education of susceptible individuals is warranted. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Plourd, DM (reprint author), 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 50 IS 10 BP 779 EP 783 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 974UT UT WOS:000232617600008 PM 16320558 ER PT J AU Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Grant, WB Mohr, SB Lipkin, M Newmark, HL Giovannucci, E Wei, M Holick, MF AF Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Grant, WB Mohr, SB Lipkin, M Newmark, HL Giovannucci, E Wei, M Holick, MF TI Vitamin D and prevention of colorectal cancer SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vitamin D and Cancer Treatment and Prevention CY NOV 17-19, 2004 CL NIH, Bethesda, MD SP Vitamin D Workshop Inc HO NIH DE Vitamin D; colorectal cancer; calcifediol; dose-response gradient; serum; diet; incidence; epidemiology; methods; prevention ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; COLON-CANCER; DIETARY CALCIUM; CUTANEOUS SYNTHESIS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; D INSUFFICIENCY; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; RECTAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES AB Background: Inadequate photosynthesis or oral intake of Vitamin D are associated with high incidence rates of colorectal cancer, but the dose-response relationship has not been adequately studied. Methods: Dose-response gradients from observational studies of Vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were plotted as trend lines. The point on each linear trend line corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.50 provided the prediagnostic Vitamin D intake or 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration associated with 50% lower risk compared to < 100 IU/day Vitamin D or < 13 ng/ml serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Medians of these values were determined. Results: Overall, individuals with >= 1000 IU/day oral Vitamin D (p < 0.0001) or >= 33 ng/ml (82 nmol/l) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P < 0.01) had 50% lower incidence of colorectal cancer compared to reference values. Conclusions: Intake of 1000 IU/day of Vitamin D, half the safe upper intake established by the National Academy of Sciences, was associated with 50% lower risk. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 33 ng/ml, which is known to be safe, also was associated with 50% lower risk. Prompt public health action is needed to increase intake of Vitamin D-3 to 1000 IU/day, and to raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D by encouraging a modest duration of sunlight exposure. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlt Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SUNARC, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. Strang Canc Prevent Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, Piscataway, NJ 08903 USA. Inst Canc Res, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Garland, FC (reprint author), USN, Hlt Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009; OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062 NR 63 TC 181 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.06.018 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987UP UT WOS:000233543100023 PM 16236494 ER PT J AU Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE AF Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE TI Optimal S/N fatigue testing for stochastic service loads SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB An optimal protocol for stress range/number of cycles (S/N) life testing is developed. The objective is to obtain an S/N curve that will minimize the error in predictions of the service life, taking into account the fact that there is always uncertainty about an S/N curve derived from limited testing. The mathematical results apply to any problem in which there is uncertainty not only about the properties of the specimen, but also about the stress ranges that will be applied under service loads. It is shown that finding the testing procedure that will truly minimize the mean-squared error requires the solution of a quartic equation, but good approximate results can be obtained from the roots of a quadratic equation. Furthermore, it is easy to determine the consequences of using a nonoptimal testing procedure. The results are illustrated by their application to simple and commonly used models for fatigue prediction. Some numerical integration is required when the method is applied for most distributions of service stress ranges, but this is not true for the log-normal distribution and graphical results are presented which allow direct application for the popular Weibull model. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lutes, LD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3136 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1619 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:10(1611) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 966ZY UT WOS:000232062500014 ER PT J AU Marcus, MH Houston, BH AF Marcus, MH Houston, BH TI Energy pass bands in a ribbed cylindrical shell with periodic asymmetries SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARITY; LOCALIZATION; SCATTERING; RADIATION; VIBRATION; WAVES AB The addition of periodically spaced structures to a cylindrical shell causes energy to propagate at additional wave numbers via a phenomenon known as Brillouin folding. As a result, a load representing one axial mode on a cylindrical shell with circumferentially spaced discontinuities, for example stringers, has distinct energy pass bands and stop bands. Similarly, an excitation representing one circumferential mode on a cylindrical shell with axially spaced discontinuities, for example ribs, also has distinct energy pass bands and stop bands. Discontinuities in both directions lead to energy pass bands when a point force is applied. In this paper, periodically spaced point masses in the axial and circumferential directions are added to a submerged, ribbed, finite cylindrical shell and analyzed via the finite element method. It is seen that Brillouin folding occurs and, in certain circumstances, the energy is split into pass bands and stop bands. For the frequency and circumferential modes where the subsonic energy is most narrowly focused in the axisymmetric shell, a distinct peak in radiated power occurs for the shell with point masses. The energy in this peak is about the same for several examples of different amounts of nonaxisymmetric mass. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcus, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2167 EP 2172 DI 10.1121/1.32011807 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 976DJ UT WOS:000232712700010 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Carder, DA Schlundt, CE Ridgway, SH AF Finneran, JJ Carder, DA Schlundt, CE Ridgway, SH TI Temporary threshold shift in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to mid-frequency tones SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 142nd Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY DEC 03-07, 2001 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Acoust Soc Amer ID WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SINGLE UNDERWATER IMPULSES; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; OCTAVE-BAND NOISE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PURE-TONES; RECOVERY AB A behavioral response paradigm was used to measure hearing thresholds in bottlenose dolphins before and after exposure to 3 kHz tones with sound exposure levels (SELs) from 100 to 203 dB re 1 mu Pa-2 s. Experiments were conducted in a relatively quiet pool with ambient noise levels below 55 dB re 1 mu Pa-2/Hz at frequencies above 1 kHz. Experiments 1 and 2 featured 1-s exposures with hearing tested at 4.5 and 3 kHz, respectively. Experiment 3 featured 2-, 4-, and 8-s exposures with hearing tested at 4.5 kHz. For experiment 2, there were no significant differences between control and exposure sessions. For experiments I and 3, exposures with SEL=197 dB re 1/mu Pa-2 s and SEL >= 195 dB re 1 mu Pa-2 s, respectively, resulted in significantly higher TTS4 than control sessions. For experiment 3 at SEL= 195 dB re 1 mu Pa-2 s, the mean TTS4 was 2.8 dB. These data are consistent with prior studies of TTS in dolphins exposed to pure tones and octave band noise and suggest that a SEL of 195 dB re 1 mu Pa-2 s is a reasonable threshold for the onset of TTS in dolphins and white whales exposed to midfrequency tones. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EDO Profess Serv, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Med, Ctr Vet Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil NR 32 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2696 EP 2705 DI 10.1121/1.2032087 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 976DJ UT WOS:000232712700061 PM 16266189 ER PT J AU Bluiett, AG Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR Logie, M Ganem, J AF Bluiett, AG Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR Logie, M Ganem, J TI Thulium-sensitized neodymium in KPb2Cl5 for mid-infrared laser development SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM ALUMINATE GLASSES; SOLID-STATE LASER; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; UP-CONVERSION; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; LIYF4; TM3+ AB The energy transfer from Tm3+ to Nd3+ was explored in Tm,Nd:KPb2Cl5 for sensitization of a possible 5 mu m Nd laser. Evidence for an efficient energy transfer from Tm3+ to Nd3+ under 785 nm excitation was obtained through monitoring changes in (i) the Tm3+ decay behavior and (ii) the 5 mu m emission intensity arising from the 4I(11/2) -> I-4(9/2) transition of Nd3+ ions. The quantum efficiency of the 5 mu m emission from Nd3+ was estimated to be approximately four times greater in Tm,Nd:KPb2Cl5 compared with Nd:KPb2Cl5. Sensitization of Nd3+ with Tm3+ in KPb2Cl5 promises a significant increase in the maximum achievable slope efficiency of a potential 5 mu m Nd laser. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Condon, Nicholas/C-7171-2009 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2250 EP 2256 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.002250 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 973UY UT WOS:000232549300025 ER PT J AU Sakai, H Sheer, TA Mendler, MH Runyon, BA AF Sakai, H Sheer, TA Mendler, MH Runyon, BA TI Choosing the location for non-image guided abdominal paracentesis SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ascites; location; obesity; paracentesis; ultrasound ID COMPLICATIONS; ASCITES AB Objectives: The optimal location for paracentesis has not been studied scientifically. The evolving obesity epidemic has changed the physique of many patients with cirrhosis and ascites such that needles inserted into the abdominal wall may not reach fluid. We aimed to determine the location for paracentesis that would have the thinnest abdominal wall and the deepest amount of fluid. Methods: Ultrasound measurements of abdominal wall thickness and depth of ascites were recorded in two locations, the infraumbilical midline (ML) and the left lower quadrant (LLQ), in 52 patients with cirrhosis and ascites admitted to a single inpatient liver unit. Results: The abdominal wall was significantly thinner (1.8 vs. 2.4 cm; P < 0.001) and the depth of ascites greater (2.86 vs. 2.29 cm; P = 0.017) in the LLQ as compared with the infraumbilical ML position. In the left lateral oblique position, the difference in the depth of ascites was more pronounced when comparing the LLQ with the infraumbilical ML (4.57 vs. 2.78 cm; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The LLQ is preferable to the ML infraumbilical location for performing paracentesis. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Kashiwa City Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Chiba, Japan. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Div Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sakai, H (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. EM brunyon@ahs.llumc.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 984 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01149.x PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 963SH UT WOS:000231825700011 PM 16162157 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Abraham, PB Rossman, PJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL AF Romano, AJ Abraham, PB Rossman, PJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL TI Determination and analysis of guided wave propagation using magnetic resonance elastography SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE waveguide; MRE; elastography; anisotropy; dispersion ID MR ELASTOGRAPHY; MUSCLE; RECONSTRUCTION; TRACTOGRAPHY; ALGORITHM AB We present a novel extension of standard magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measurement and analysis methods, which is applicable in cases where the medium is characterized by waveguides or fiber bundles (i.e., muscle) leading to constrained propagation of elastic waves. As a demonstration of this new method, MRI is utilized to identify the pathways of the individual fibers of a stalk of celery, and 3D MRE is then performed throughout the volume containing the celery fibers for a measurement of the displacements. A Helmholtz decomposition is performed permitting a separation of the displacements into longitudinal and transverse components, and an application of a hybrid Radon transform permits a spectral decomposition of wave propagation along the fibers. Dot product projections between these elastic displacements measured in the global coordinate system and three Frenet vectors representing the tangent and two corresponding orthogonal vectors along any particular fiber orientation yield the displacement contributions to wave propagation along the fiber as if it were a waveguide. A sliding window spatial Fourier transform is then performed along the length of each fiber to obtain dispersion images that portray space-wavenumber profiles. Therefore, this method can permit localized tracking and characterization of wave types, velocities, and coupling along arbitrarily oriented fibers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM romano@pa.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB001981] NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1002/mrm.20607 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 970YJ UT WOS:000232348000018 PM 16155879 ER PT J AU Graesser, AC Lu, SL Olde, BA Cooper-Pye, E Written, S AF Graesser, AC Lu, SL Olde, BA Cooper-Pye, E Written, S TI Question asking and eye tracking during cognitive disequilibrium: Comprehending illustrated texts on devices when the devices break down SO MEMORY & COGNITION LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; MENTAL ANIMATION; MOVEMENTS; INFORMATION; ATTENTION; DIAGRAMS; SCIENCE; MODELS; LIMITS AB The PREG model of question asking assumes that questions emerge when there is cognitive disequilibrium, as in the case of contradictions, obstacles, and anomalies. Participants read illustrated texts about everyday devices (e.g., a cylinder lock) and then were placed in cognitive disequilibrium through a breakdown scenario (e.g., the key turns but the bolt does not move). The participants asked questions when given the breakdown scenario, and an eyetracker recorded their fixations. As was predicted, deep comprehenders asked better questions and fixated on device components that explained the malfunction. The eye fixations were examined before, during, and after the participants' questions in order to trace the occurrence and timing of convergence on faults, causal reasoning, and other cognitive processes. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Commerce, TX USA. USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. Univ E London, London E15 4LZ, England. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Graesser, AC (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, 202 Psychol Bldg, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM a-graesser@memphis.edu OI Cooper, Elisa/0000-0003-3259-4408 NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 13 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0090-502X J9 MEM COGNITION JI Mem. Cogn. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1235 EP 1247 DI 10.3758/BF03193225 PG 13 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 010LJ UT WOS:000235195900008 PM 16532856 ER PT J AU McDonough, EA Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Metzgar, D AF McDonough, EA Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Metzgar, D TI A multiplex PCR for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis in clinical specimens SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE multiplex PCR; atypical pneumonia; primer design; Legionnaires' disease; pertussis; bacterial pneumonia ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; P1 CYTADHESIN GENE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; TARGETING IS481; MIP GENE; INFECTION; ASSAY; PARAPERTUSSIS AB A multiplex PCR was developed that is capable of detecting four of the most important bacterial agents of atypical pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis in uncultured patient specimens. These organisms cause similar symptomologies and are often not diagnosed because they are difficult to identify with classical methods such as culture and serology. Given this. the overall impact of these pathogens on public health may be grossly underestimated. The molecular test presented here provides a simple method for identification of four common, yet diagnostically challenging, pathogens. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 314 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.05.002 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 969QB UT WOS:000232248400003 PM 16024220 ER PT J AU Barstow, MA Cruddace, RG Kowalski, MP Bannister, NP Yentis, D Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Hubeny, I Schuh, S Dreizler, S Barbee, TW AF Barstow, MA Cruddace, RG Kowalski, MP Bannister, NP Yentis, D Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Hubeny, I Schuh, S Dreizler, S Barbee, TW TI High-resolution extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of G191-B2B: structure of the stellar photosphere and the surrounding interstellar medium SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; white dwarfs; ISM : general; ultraviolet : stars ID DA WHITE-DWARFS; ACCELERATED LAMBDA-ITERATION; MODEL; ABUNDANCES AB We have continued our detailed analysis of the high-resolution (R = 4000) spectroscopic observation of the DA white dwarf G191-B2B, obtained by the Joint Astrophysical Plasmadynamic Experiment (J-PEX) normal incidence sounding rocket-borne telescope, comparing the observed data with theoretical predictions for both homogeneous and stratified atmosphere structures. We find that the former models give the best agreement over the narrow waveband covered by J-PEX, in conflict with what is expected from previous studies of the lower resolution but broader wavelength coverage Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer spectra. We discuss the possible limitations of the atomic data and our understanding of the stellar atmospheres that might give rise to this inconsistency. In our earlier study, we obtained an unusually high ionization fraction for the ionized He II present along the line of sight to the star. In the present paper, we obtain a better fit when we assume, as suggested by Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph results, that this He II resides in two separate components. When one of these is assigned to the local interstellar cloud, the implied He ionization fraction is consistent with measurements along other lines of sight. However, the resolving power and signal-to-noise available from the instrument configuration used in this first successful J-PEX flight are not sufficient to clearly identify and prove the existence of the two components. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Barstow, MA (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM mab@star.le.ac.uk RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 362 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09394.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 964TP UT WOS:000231903800016 ER PT J AU Balachandra, L Barrett, F Bellman, H Fisher, C Susskind, L AF Balachandra, L Barrett, F Bellman, H Fisher, C Susskind, L TI Improvisation and mediation: Balancing acts SO NEGOTIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Improvisation can be an important element of mediation practice, and there are several ways in which mediation practice correlates to improvisational performance. In this article, two mediation experts and two skilled jazz musicians explore the improvisational aspects of mediation. Two central themes emerge: (1) mediators often use improvisational techniques, and (2) by being improvisational, mediators can create environments that would encourage the parties themselves to be improvisational. We argue that practitioners can enhance their effectiveness as mediators by mastering improvisational skills. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Ctr Posit Change, Monterey, CA USA. Marquette Univ, Ctr Dispute Resolut Educ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Either Orchestra, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Balachandra, L (reprint author), MIT, Alfred P Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lakb@mit.edu; fbarrett@nps.navy.mil; belmediate@aol.com; cofisher@verizon.net; susskind@mit.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0748-4526 J9 NEGOTIATION J JI Negot. J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.0748-4526.2005.00075.x PG 10 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 967OR UT WOS:000232101500004 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Zehms, CT AF Sekiya, JK Zehms, CT TI Arthroscopic management of recurrent glenohumeral instability SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE recurrent shoulder instability; arthroscopic; plication; capsulolabral repair; shoulder instability ID INFERIOR CAPSULAR SHIFT; ANTERIOR SHOULDER STABILIZATION; FOLLOW-UP; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; BIOABSORBABLE TACK; VOLUME REDUCTION; DISLOCATIONS; PLICATION; PROGNOSIS; DEFECTS AB Recurrent glenohumeral instability can be a debilitating condition that affects an athlete's ability to compete at the highest levels of competition and, in our military population, meet the demands of active military service. Significant advances in the understanding of the natural history of this condition have led to new operative interventions and rehabilitative protocols that aim to return the athlete to their previous level of activity. There has been increased interest in the arthroscopic stabilization of shoulder instability, which is evolving from first-time dislocators; to recurrent instability in noncontact and contact athletes as well. A thorough understanding of the pathoanatomy involved in shoulder instability allows us to address all injured structures responsible for recurrent instability including the Bankart tear (reverse Bankart for posterior instability) and loss of capsuloligamentous tension. As our arthroscopic techniques continue to improve, our clinical results will approach that of traditional open techniques with perhaps less perioperative morbidity and loss of motion. We have presented one such arthroscopic technique of a multipleated plication through a single anterior and posterior portal that has served us well in the management of recurrent shoulder instability. At present, the only contra-indication to an arthroscopic procedure is significant bony defects of the humeral head or glenoid, which requires a more extensive intervention. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.007 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100004 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT King, S Solomon, DJ Bell, SJ Mologne, TS AF Provencher, MT King, S Solomon, DJ Bell, SJ Mologne, TS TI Recurrent posterior shoulder instability: Diagnosis and management SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior shoulder instability; shoulder instability; arthroscopic; posterior labrum; posterior capsulorrhaphy ID ROTATOR INTERVAL CAPSULE; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; GLENOID LABRUM; POSTEROINFERIOR INSTABILITY; ANTERIOR INSTABILITY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT ARTHROGRAPHY; JERK TEST AB Posterior shoulder instability is a relatively rare condition and surgical challenge. Arthroscopic techniques have allowed for improved diagnosis and management of this condition. The purposes of this report are to outline the problem of posterior shoulder instability, review the biomechanics and relevant pathoanatomy, and describe our preferred surgical technique. Our results of arthroscopic treatment of posterior instability will also be discussed and pearls for operative success highlighted. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Sports Med, Appleton, WI USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mtprovencher@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.004 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100005 ER PT J AU Lovell, M Collins, M Pardini, JE Parodi, CDRA Yates, A AF Lovell, M Collins, M Pardini, JE Parodi, CDRA Yates, A TI Management of cerebral concussion in military personnel: Lessons learned from sports medicine SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE concussion; cerebral concussion; military injuries ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-PERFORMANCE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HIGH-SCHOOL; STATEMENT; RECOVERY AB This article reviews concussion management in the military, with specific reference to the acute assessment and management of injured combat military personnel. Recent research on concussion and recovery is used as a foundation for understanding issues unique to a military population, as well as universal issues in the care of concussed individuals. We explain current uses of neuropsychological testing in military, as well as suggest future directions. A protocol for the acute management and assessment of concussions sustained through military service is provided, as are recommendations for the treatment of more chronic postconcussion symptoms and other trauma-related conditions which may present following concussion. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, UPMC Sports Med Concuss Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. NFL Neuropsychol Testing Program, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NHL Neuropsychol Testing Program, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Pittsburgh Steelers, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Lovell, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, UPMC Sports Med Concuss Program, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM lovellmr@msx.upmc.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.005 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100007 ER PT J AU Stewart, JD Anderson, CD Under, DV AF Stewart, JD Anderson, CD Under, DV TI The Portsmouth modification of the Ertl bone-bridge transtibial amputation: The challenge of returning amputees back to active duty SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transtibial amputation; bone-bridge; osteomyoplasty; Ertl ID LIMB AMPUTATION AB In the military setting, severe lower-extremity trauma is an unfortunate but not uncommon result of armed conflict. Newer body armor has lead to an increase in survival as a result of the protection afforded the head, abdomen, and thorax. However, the extremities are still relatively unprotected, resulting in an increase in individuals surviving with limb trauma. The thought that an amputee will be permanently handicapped has been challenged by many military members with several remaining on active duty as fully operational soldiers and sailors. The purpose of this article is to describe our technique of transtibial amputation using a bone bridge between the tibia and fibula (a modified Ertl procedure). This procedure produces a residual limb with increased surface area, cylindrical alignment, stable syndesmosis, and decreased heterotopic ossification. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed, Portsmouth, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Stewart, JD (reprint author), USN, 6735 Crittenden Rd, Suffolk, VA 23432 USA. EM jdstewart@mar.med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.011 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100008 ER PT J AU Whiddon, DR Sekiya, JK AF Whiddon, DR Sekiya, JK TI Double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bifid bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PCL; inlay; allograft; cruciate; double-bundle; arthroscopic ID 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; TIBIAL INLAY; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; POSTEROLATERAL STRUCTURES; STRESS RADIOGRAPHY; KNEE-JOINT; GRAFT; TUNNEL; SINGLE; FORCES AB The treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries remains controversial. The ideal choice of graft and reconstructive technique remains uncertain. A bifid bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft is described that is suitable for either arthroscopic: transtibial tunnel or open tibia[ inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament. This graft closely recreates the anatomic configuration and size of the native posterior cruciate ligament. Testing of this graft versus a single bundle construct showed improved biomechanical performance in a tibial inlay PCL reconstruction. When posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is indicated, a double-bundle reconstruction effectively restores normal knee kinematics. We describe our clinical experience with this technique for PCL reconstruction with our active-duty military population. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.009 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100010 ER PT J AU Krouse, JH Roland, PS Marple, BF Wall, GM Hannley, M Golla, S Hunsaker, D AF Krouse, JH Roland, PS Marple, BF Wall, GM Hannley, M Golla, S Hunsaker, D TI Optimal duration of allergic rhinitis clinical trials SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS NASAL SPRAY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ONCE-DAILY FEXOFENADINE; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; INTRANASAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; OLOPATADINE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ACTIVE-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DAILY CETIRIZINE HCL AB OBJECTIVE: Guidelines have been published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the conduct of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) studies. These guidelines have differences regarding the duration of such trials: the FDA suggests 2 weeks for SAR and 4 weeks for PAR but the EMEA suggests 2 to 4 weeks for SAR and 6 to 12 weeks for PAR trials. In the interest of global harmonization, it would be desirable to have a uniform duration of such trials so that investigators, internationally, would be able to readily compare results for various types of treatments based on a single standard. Therefore, we performed an evidence-based review to answer the clinical question, What is the optimal duration for SAR and PAR clinical trials? METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE search of the published literature from 1995 to the present. We used appropriate search terms, such as allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, SAR, and PAR, to identify pertinent articles. These articles were reviewed and graded according to the evidence quality. RESULTS: After an initial screening of more than 300 articles, 138 articles were analyzed thoroughly. No study specifically addressed the question of the optimal duration of SAR or PAR clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the current FDA (draft) guidelines calling for a study length of 2 weeks for the assessment of drug efficacy for SAR and 4 weeks for the study of drug efficacy in PAR are appropriate and that longer study periods are not likely to add meaningfully to the assessment of drug efficacy. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dallas, TX USA. Alcon Labs Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Krouse, JH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 540 E Canfield,5E-UHC, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM jkrouse@med.wayne.edu OI Roland, Peter/0000-0003-4152-7346 NR 161 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 467 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.024 PG 21 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000001 PM 16213915 ER PT J AU Gaball, CW Yencha, MW Kosnik, S AF Gaball, CW Yencha, MW Kosnik, S TI Frontonasal dysplasia SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gaball, CW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.06.019 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000030 PM 16213944 ER PT J AU Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL AF Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL TI Asymmetric exchange between electron spins in coupled semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We obtain a microscopic description of the interaction between electron spins in bulk semiconductors and in pairs of semiconductor quantum dots. Treating the k center dot p band mixing and the Coulomb interaction on the same footing, we obtain in the third order an asymmetric contribution to the exchange interaction arising from the coupling between the spin of one electron and the relative orbital motion of the other. This contribution does not depend on the inversion asymmetry of the crystal and does not conserve the total spin. We find that this contribution is similar to 10(-3) of the isotropic exchange, and is of interest in quantum information. Detailed evaluations of the asymmetric exchange are given for several quantum dot systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 16 AR 161304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.161304 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 979IF UT WOS:000232934900008 ER PT J AU Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Liszkay, L Freitas, JA Henry, RL AF Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Liszkay, L Freitas, JA Henry, RL TI Role of open volume defects in Mg-doped GaN films studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BULK CRYSTALS; WURTZITE GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; VACANCIES; GAAS; BAND AB We have performed a systematic study by positron annihilation spectroscopy of magnesium-doped, codoped, and annealed GaN films made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. GaN:Mg films are free of detectable vacancy defects up to [Mg]similar to 3x10(18) cm(-3), but at doping levels above 10(19) cm(-3) vacancies are observed. Two defects are identified: V-N-Mg-Ga pairs and vacancy clusters, where the amount of the missing atoms is estimated to be about 60. The defects have an inhomogeneous depth profile with a layer of higher defect concentration starting 100 nm below the surface. Thermal annealing dissociates the V-N-Mg-Ga pairs and the vacancy clusters, which migrate and form a homogeneous distribution of smaller clusters through the film. The identified defects play an important role in the electrical compensation and activation of the Mg acceptors in GaN films, and show correlations with results from transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence studies. C1 Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Nukl Festkorperphys, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, POB 1100, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 16 AR 165303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.165303 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 979IF UT WOS:000232934900052 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Broughton, JQ AF Rudd, RE Broughton, JQ TI Coarse-grained molecular dynamics: Nonlinear finite elements and finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CONTINUUM METHOD; LENGTH SCALES; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; TRANSITION-METALS; MODEL; COMPUTER; RESONATORS; ELASTICITY; CRYSTALS; EQUATION AB Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) is a technique developed as a concurrent multiscale model that couples conventional molecular dynamics (MD) to a more coarse-grained description of the periphery. The coarse-grained regions are modeled on a mesh in a formulation that generalizes conventional finite element modeling (FEM) of continuum elasticity. CGMD is derived solely from the MD model, however, and has no continuum parameters. As a result, it provides a coupling that is smooth and provides control of errors that arise at the coupling between the atomistic and coarse-grained regions. In this paper, we elaborate on the formulation of CGMD, describing in detail how CGMD is applied to anharmonic solids and finite-temperature simulations. As tests of CGMD, we present in detail the calculation of the phonon spectra for solid argon and tantalum in three dimensions, demonstrating how CGMD provides a better description of the elastic waves than that provided by FEM. We also present elastic wave scattering calculations that show the elastic wave scattering is more benign in CGMD than FEM. We also discuss the dependence of scattering on the properties of the mesh. We introduce a rigid approximation to CGMD that eliminates internal relaxation, similar to the quasicontinuum technique, and compare it to the full CGMD. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. JPMorgan Chase Bank, New York, NY 10017 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM robert.rudd@llnl.gov OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 NR 72 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 14 AR 144104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.144104 PG 32 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 979HX UT WOS:000232934100021 ER PT J AU Batchelder, JC Bilheux, JC Bingham, CR Carter, HK Fong, D Garrett, PE Grzywacz, R Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hwang, JK Krolas, W Kulp, WD Larochelle, Y Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, KP Spejewski, EH Stracener, DW Tantawy, MN Winger, JA Wood, JL Zganjar, EF AF Batchelder, JC Bilheux, JC Bingham, CR Carter, HK Fong, D Garrett, PE Grzywacz, R Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hwang, JK Krolas, W Kulp, WD Larochelle, Y Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, KP Spejewski, EH Stracener, DW Tantawy, MN Winger, JA Wood, JL Zganjar, EF TI New isomeric state in Ag-116 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BETA-DECAY; AG ISOTOPES; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; MASSES; PD AB A new isomer in Ag-116 with a half-life of 20(1) s has been discovered through the use of conversion electron, beta, and gamma spectroscopy of on-line mass-separated radioactivities at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at ORNL. The observed electron peaks at 22.5, 44.42, and 47.33 keV were interpreted as the K,L, and M conversion electron lines resulting from a 47.9-keV E3 transition associated with the decay of a second isomeric level in Ag-116. A new level structure of Ag-116 is proposed, with the levels identified as the 0(-) ground-state and isomers at 47.9 and 128.8 keV having spin/parities of 3(+) and 6(-) respectively. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 AR 044306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.044306 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 979IK UT WOS:000232935400023 ER PT J AU Cartin, D Khanna, G AF Cartin, D Khanna, G TI Separable sequences in Bianchi I loop quantum cosmology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB In this paper, we discuss the properties of one-parameter sequences that arise when solving the Hamiltonian constraint in Bianchi I loop quantum cosmology using a separation of variables method. In particular, we focus on finding an expression for the sequence for all real values of the parameter, and discuss the preclassicality of this function. We find that the behavior of these preclassical sequences imply time asymmetry on either side of the classical singularity in Bianchi I cosmology. C1 USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Cartin, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, 197 Elliot St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@UMassD.Edu OI Cartin, Daniel/0000-0001-8896-053X NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 AR 084008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.084008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 979IX UT WOS:000232936700038 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Seaver, M Trickey, ST Todd, MD Olson, C Overbey, L AF Nichols, JM Seaver, M Trickey, ST Todd, MD Olson, C Overbey, L TI Detecting nonlinearity in structural systems using the transfer entropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; SURROGATE DATA; REDUNDANCIES AB The transfer entropy was recently proposed as a means of exploring coupling in dynamical systems. Transfer entropy is an information theoretic that quantifies the degree to which one dynamical process affects the transition probabilities (dynamics) of another. Here we demonstrate how this metric may be utilized to detect the presence of nonlinearity in a system. Using the method of surrogate data, the transfer entropy computed at various lag times are compared to values computed from linearized surrogates. The transfer entropy is shown to be a more sensitive indicator of nonlinearity than is the mutual information for both simulated and experimental data. This technique is particularly applicable to the field of structural health monitoring, where damage is often equated with the presence of a nonlinearity in an otherwise linear system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 AR 046217 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.046217 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 979GU UT WOS:000232931200073 PM 16383522 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Zalesak, ST Metzler, N Wouchuk, JG AF Velikovich, AL Zalesak, ST Metzler, N Wouchuk, JG TI Instability of a planar expansion wave SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAREFACTION WAVE; PERTURBATION GROWTH; MASS OSCILLATIONS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; LASER TARGETS; SHOCK-WAVE; FEEDOUT; DRIVEN; FOILS AB An expansion wave is produced when an incident shock wave interacts with a surface separating a fluid from a vacuum. Such an interaction starts the feedout process that transfers perturbations from the rippled inner (rear) to the outer (front) surface of a target in inertial confinement fusion. Being essentially a standing sonic wave superimposed on a centered expansion wave, a rippled expansion wave in an ideal gas, like a rippled shock wave, typically produces decaying oscillations of all fluid variables. Its behavior, however, is different at large and small values of the adiabatic exponent gamma. At gamma > 3, the mass modulation amplitude delta m in a rippled expansion wave exhibits a power-law growth with time proportional to t(beta), where beta=(gamma-3)/(gamma-1). This is the only example of a hydrodynamic instability whose law of growth, dependent on the equation of state, is expressed in a closed analytical form. The growth is shown to be driven by a physical mechanism similar to that of a classical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. In the opposite extreme gamma-1 < 1, delta m exhibits oscillatory growth, approximately linear with time, until it reaches its peak value similar to(gamma-1)(-1/2), and then starts to decrease. The mechanism driving the growth is the same as that of Vishniac's instability of a blast wave in a gas with low gamma. Exact analytical expressions for the growth rates are derived for both cases and favorably compared to hydrodynamic simulation results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. NRCN, Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Ind, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain. RP USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Wouchuk, J. G./F-1449-2016 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 AR 046306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.046306 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 979GU UT WOS:000232931200083 PM 16383532 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Ting, A Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Jones, TG Zigler, A Sprangle, P AF Kaganovich, D Ting, A Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Jones, TG Zigler, A Sprangle, P TI First demonstration of a staged all-optical laser wakefield acceleration SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PLASMA-CHANNEL; FIELD; PULSES; BEAMS; INJECTION; WAVES AB A proof-of-principle experiment on staged all-optical laser wakefield acceleration was performed at the Naval Research Laboratory. Electrons with < 1 MeV energy created by the interaction of a 2 TW laser beam with a nitrogen gas jet were injected and accelerated to more than 20 MeV in a plasma wakefield generated by a 10 TW laser beam in a helium gas jet. The energy gain occurred in a narrow time window of 3 ps between the injection and acceleration laser beams, and within a tight spatial alignment of similar to 10 mu m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM dmitri@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 10 AR 100702 DI 10.1063/1.2012727 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 978EG UT WOS:000232855800002 ER PT J AU Langland, RH AF Langland, Rolf H. TI Issues in targeted observing SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th WMO International Symposium on Assimilation of Observations in Meteorology and Oceanography CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP WMO, NASA, NCAR DE adjoint methods; data assimilation; ensemble transformation; numerical weather prediction ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; METEOROLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; FORECAST ERRORS; DROPWINDSONDE OBSERVATIONS; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY; TROPOSPHERIC WINDS; OBSERVATION IMPACT AB This paper summarizes successes and limitations of targeted observing field programmes starting from the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment in 1997 through recent programmes targeting winter storms and tropical cyclones. These field programmes have produced average reductions in short-range forecast errors of about 10 per cent over regional verification areas, and maximum forecast error reductions as large as 50 per cent in certain cases. The majority of targeting cases investigated so far involve sets of dropsondes and other observation data that provide partial coverage of target areas. The primary scientific challenges for targeting include the refinement of objective methods that can identify optimal times and locations for targeted observations, as well as identify the specific types of satellite and in situ measurements that are required for the improvement of numerical weather forecasts. The most. advanced targeting procedures, at present, include: the ensemble transform Kalman Filter, Hessian singular vectors, and observation-space targeting using the adjoint of a variational data assimilation procedure. Targeted observing remains an active research topic in numerical weather prediction, with plans for continued refinement of objective targeting procedures, and field tests of new satellite and in situ observing systems. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM langland@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 61 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 613 BP 3409 EP 3425 DI 10.1256/qj.05.130 PN C PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 075OV UT WOS:000239896000015 ER PT J AU Cummings, JA AF Cummings, James A. TI Operational multivariate ocean data assimilation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th WMO International Symposium on Assimilation of Observations in Meteorology and Oceanography CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP WMO, NASA, NCAR DE background errors; error covariances; forecasting; observation errors; quality control; validation ID MODEL AB A fully three-dimensional, multivariate, optimum-interpolation ocean data assimilation system has been developed that produces simultaneous analyses of temperature, salinity, geopotential and vector velocity. The system is run in real-time, and can be executed as a stand-alone analysis or cycled with an ocean forecast model in a sequential incremental update cycle. Additional capabilities have been built into the system, including flow-dependent background-error correlations and background-error variances that vary in space and evolve from one analysis cycle to the next. The ocean data types assimilated include: remotely sensed sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and sea-ice concentration; plus in situ surface and sub-surface observations of temperature, salinity, and currents from a variety of sources, such as ships, buoys, expendable bathythermographs, conductivity-temperature-depth sensors, and profiling floats. An ocean data quality-control system is fully integrated with the multivariate analysis, and includes feedback of forecast fields and prediction errors in the quality control of new observations. The system is operational at the US Navy oceanographic production centres both in global and in regional applications. It is being implemented as the data assimilation component of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model as part of the US contribution to the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment, and in a limited-area ensemble-based forecasting system that will be used in an adaptive sampling, targeted observation application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cummings, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 15 TC 231 Z9 237 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 613 BP 3583 EP 3604 DI 10.1256/qj.05.105 PN C PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 075OV UT WOS:000239896000025 ER PT J AU Furgol, EM AF Furgol, Edward M. TI An unofficial alliance: Scotland and Sweden 1569-1654. SO SCOTTISH HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Furgol, EM (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH EH8 9LF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0036-9241 J9 SCOT HIST REV JI Scott. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 84 IS 218 BP 276 EP 279 DI 10.3366/shr.2005.84.2.276 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 073CM UT WOS:000239720200016 ER PT J AU Watkins, TR Chien, JW Crawford, SW AF Watkins, TR Chien, JW Crawford, SW TI Graft versus host-associated pulmonary disease and other idiopathic pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplant SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; pneumonia; graft versus host disease; bronchiolitis obliterans; airflow obstruction ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE; AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION; OBLITERANS ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA; BRONCHIOLITIS-OBLITERANS; VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE; ENGRAFTMENT SYNDROME; LUNG INJURY; RISK-FACTORS; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS AB Noninfectious conditions are now the major pulmonary causes of morbidity and mortality after hematopoictic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) remains one of the more common and serious pulmonary complications within months after transplantation. Epidemiological data suggest that, although graft versus host disease (GVHD) reactions may play an etiological role, the major contributing factor is conditioning-related toxicity. Among lung conditions that are more closely associated with GVHD are both obliterative bronchiolitis (usually occurring months to years after HSCT) and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). The former is an inexorably progressive condition, whereas BOOP behaves similarly to idiopathic BOOP seen in other populations. Also addressed in this article are engraftment syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Knowledge of these complications is now a part of the contemporary practice of pulmonary medicine, no longer isolated to the transplant pulmonologist. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Crawford, SW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Corps, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 301, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM SWCrawford@nmcsd.med.nav.mil FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1K23HL69860-01] NR 58 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1069-3424 J9 SEM RESP CRIT CARE M JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1055/s-2005-922031 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 981GJ UT WOS:000233075300005 PM 16267699 ER PT J AU Sulima, A Prisinzano, TE Spande, T Deschamps, JR Whittaker, N Hochberg, Z Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Sulima, A Prisinzano, TE Spande, T Deschamps, JR Whittaker, N Hochberg, Z Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI A concise method for the preparation of deuterium-labeled cortisone: Synthesis of [6,7-H-2]cortisone SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE cortisone; cortisol; deuterium-label; 11 beta-HSD; [6,7-H-2]cortisone ID HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STEROIDS; C-13; CORTICOSTEROIDS; REDUCTION AB A method is described for the synthesis of isotopically labeled cortisone from commercially available cortisone acetate through a Delta(4.6)-dieneone. Direct deuteration of the dienone acetate with various catalysts in different solvent systems failed to give an isolable product. Initial hydrolysis of the side-chain ester of the Delta(4.6)-dieneone and subsequent derivatization gave the key intermediate, 17 alpha,20;20,21-bismethylenedioxy-pregna-4,6-diene-3,11-dione, which could be satisfactorily deuterated to the desired product. The availability of [6,7-H-2]cortisone will provide a tool for the future study of the metabolism of cortisone in human tissues. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, Biol Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Meyer Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room BI-23,8 Ctr Dr MSC 0815, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov RI Prisinzano, Thomas/B-7877-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD OCT PY 2005 VL 70 IS 11 BP 763 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.04.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 965EO UT WOS:000231933300004 PM 16005918 ER PT J AU Huebner, J AF Huebner, J TI A possible declining trend for worldwide innovation SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE technology limit; innovation rate; invention rate AB A comparison is made between a model of technology in which the level of technology advances exponentially without limit and a model with an economic limit. The model with an economic limit best fits data obtained from lists of events in the history of science and technology as well as the patent history in the United States. The rate of innovation peaked in the year 1873 and is now rapidly declining. We are at an estimated 85% of the economic limit of technology, and it is projected that we will reach 90% in 2018 and 95% in 2038. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, ANGEL Program, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Huebner, J (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, ANGEL Program, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. EM jhuebner@ridgecrest.ca.us NR 6 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 BP 980 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2005.01.003 PG 7 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 968RA UT WOS:000232178600006 ER PT J AU Grady, BJ Melcer, T AF Grady, BJ Melcer, T TI A retrospective evaluation of TeleMental healthcare services for remote military populations SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TELEPSYCHIATRY; DISORDER; TELEMEDICINE; RELIABILITY; TRIAL AB The objective of this study was to compare specific treatment and outcome variables between mental health care via videoconferencing to care provided in person. The study was a retrospective record review of service members and their adult civilian family members seen at two remotely located military bases. One group was seen via video conferencing (telemental health care [TMHC]) while a second group was seen face-to-face care (FTFC) and served as a control group. Chi-square tests were used to test for significance associations between therapy format and secondary variables. The Global Assessment of Functioning was unexpectedly and significantly more improved for the TMHC group than the FTFC care group. Mean change in Global Assessment of Functioning for FTFC (8.4) was significantly less than mean change for TMHC (15.3). There were no significant differences between the groups in the number of laboratories or studies ordered, self-help recommendations made, selected mental status elements, or number of patients prescribed two or more psychotropic medications. The rate of full compliance with the medication plan and follow-up appointments was significantly better for TMHC. Providers using TMHC told more patients to return for follow-up appointments in 30 days or less. Improved compliance, the unique interpersonal processes of care via TMH, and slightly shorter times to next follow-up appointment were the chief contributors. Alterations in the process of communication may have implications in the business, political, and military sectors. C1 TeleBehav Serv, Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Grady, BJ (reprint author), TeleBehav Serv, Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, 6501 N Charles St,POB 6815, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. EM grady@telepsychiatrist.com NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.551 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 983ZQ UT WOS:000233271300021 PM 16250818 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G Van Houten, P Rose, L Rose, M Egozy, Y Popovsky, MA AF Valeri, CR Ragno, G Van Houten, P Rose, L Rose, M Egozy, Y Popovsky, MA TI Automation of the glycerolization of red blood cells with the high-separation bowl in the Haemonetics ACP 215 instrument SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID 40-PERCENT WT/VOL GLYCEROL; IN-VITRO; FROZEN; 4-DEGREES-C; AS-3; RBCS; REJUVENATION; SURVIVAL AB Background: The FDA has approved a closed-system red blood cell (RBC) glycerolization procedure with the ACP 215 (Haemonetics), which requires a centrifuge to prepare RBCs before and after glycerolization. In the study reported here, the Haemonetics high-separation bowl was evaluated in an attempt to automate these two concentration steps. Study Design and Methods: Ten units of nonleukoreduced citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)-anticoagulated whole blood were stored at 4 degrees C for 2 to 6 days before glycerolization and freezing as nonrejuvenated RBCs. Twenty-five units of nonleukoreduced CPD whole blood were stored at 4 degrees C for 2 to 8 days and then biochemically treated with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine (PIPA) before glycerolization and freezing as indated-rejuvenated RBC. Twenty units of leukoreduced CPD and AS-1 RBCs were stored at 4 degrees C for a mean of 48 days and treated with PIPA solution before glycerolization and freezing as outdated-rejuvenated RBCs. The glycerolized RBCs were frozen for at least 2 weeks at -80 degrees C, deglycerolized in the Haemonetics ACP 215 with the 325-mL bowl, and stored in AS-3 at 4 degrees C for 21 days. Results: It took approximately 50 minutes to glycerolize the nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated RBCs. After freezing, deglycerolization, and postwash storage at 4 degrees C in AS-3 for 2 weeks, the quality was similar to that of RBCs processed by the current FDA-approved method. Conclusion: Processing time and need for technical expertise were significantly reduced with the completely automated functionally closed glycerolization procedure with the high-separation bowl in the Haemonetics ACP 215 instrument. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Haemonet Corp, Braintree, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 15 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1621 EP 1627 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00588.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 965WL UT WOS:000231981500012 PM 16181213 ER PT J AU Rogers, WE Wittmann, PA Wang, DWC Clancy, RM Hsu, YL AF Rogers, WE Wittmann, PA Wang, DWC Clancy, RM Hsu, YL TI Evaluations of global wave prediction at the fleet numerical meteorology and oceanography center SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID BUOY DATA; MODEL; SYSTEMS; SCALE; SEAS AB It is a major challenge to determine whether bias in operational global wave predictions is predominately due to the wave model itself (internal error) or due to errors in wind forcing (an external error). Another challenge is to characterize bias attributable to errors in wave model physics (e.g., input, dissipation, and nonlinear transfer). In this study, hindcasts and an evaluation methodology are constructed to address these challenges. The bias of the wave predictions is evaluated with consideration of the bias of four different wind forcing fields [two of which are supplemented with the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) measurements]. It is found that the accuracy of the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center's operational global wind forcing has improved to the point where it is unlikely to be the primary source of error in the center's global wave model (WAVEWATCH-III). The hindcast comparisons are specifically designed to minimize systematic errors from numerics and resolution. From these hindcasts, insight into the physics-related bias in the global wave model is possible: comparison to in situ wave data suggests an overall positive bias at northeast Pacific locations and an overall negative bias at northwest Atlantic locations. Comparison of frequency bands indicates a tendency by the model physics to overpredict energy at higher frequencies and underpredict energy at lower frequencies. C1 Stennis Space Ctr, USN, Res Lab, Oceanol Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rogers, WE (reprint author), NRL Code 7322 Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rogers@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 745 EP 760 DI 10.1175/WAF882.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 981JK UT WOS:000233084700003 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI Early American theatre from the revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the hands of the people. SO WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST EARLY AMER HIST CULT PI WILLIAMSBURG PA BOX 220, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 USA SN 0043-5597 J9 WILLIAM MARY QUART JI William Mary Q. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 812 EP 815 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 976KO UT WOS:000232732500022 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI The colonial American stage, 1665-1774: A documentary calendar. SO WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST EARLY AMER HIST CULT PI WILLIAMSBURG PA BOX 220, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 USA SN 0043-5597 J9 WILLIAM MARY QUART JI William Mary Q. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 812 EP 815 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 976KO UT WOS:000232732500021 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Burk, SD Lewis, J AF Thompson, WT Burk, SD Lewis, J TI Fog and low clouds in a coastally trapped disturbance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STATES WEST-COAST; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND REVERSALS; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA COAST; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WARM-SEASON; BOWEN-RATIO; MESOSCALE AB [1] One of the most distinctive features of coastally trapped disturbances (CTDs) is the tongue of fog and low clouds propagating poleward along the west coast of continents against the typical coast-parallel equatorward flow. In this study, characteristics of the fog and low clouds observed in conjunction with a CTD event on 15 - 16 June 2000 are investigated. In particular, we examine the relative importance of radiation, cloud microphysical processes, advection, entrainment, and surface fluxes to the fog and cloud layer associated with the CTD. A simulation of the event is produced using the Naval Research Laboratory's nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System. Propagation of the wind shift and cloud tongue and the extent of fog and low clouds in the model results are compared with coastal buoy data and satellite imagery. A critical value of the Bowen ratio delineates the extent of fog with lower values to the south in the low cloud area. Because the Bowen ratio provides limited information concerning the relative roles of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the cloud layer, we examine the ratio beta of integrated buoyancy generation due to liquid water flux to the integrated positive buoyancy flux. The timing difference between arrival of the CTDs' wind shift and the arrival of the fog is found to be central to the evolution of the cloud liquid water field. Several sensitivity studies are also carried out in order to further understand the roles of radiative cooling and surface latent and sensible heat fluxes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thompson@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D18 AR D18213 DI 10.1029/2004JD005522 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971PU UT WOS:000232397200001 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Cliver, EW Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM AF Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Cliver, EW Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM TI Introduction to violent Sun-Earth connection events of October-November 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union AB [1] The solar-terrestrial events of late October and early November 2003, popularly referred to as the Halloween storms, represent the best observed cases of extreme space weather activity observed to date and have generated research covering multiple aspects of solar eruptions and their space weather effects. In the following article, which serves as an abstract for this collective research, we present highlights taken from 61 of the 74 papers from the Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, and Space Weather which are linked under this special issue. ( An overview of the 13 associated papers published in Geophysics Research Letters is given in the work of Gopalswamy et al. (2005a)). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Code 444, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S00 DI 10.1029/2005JA011268 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 973HD UT WOS:000232512600011 ER PT J AU Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Tolk, NH Manni, V Grimaldi, S Lisi, A Rieti, S Piston, DW Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Cricenti, A AF Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Tolk, NH Manni, V Grimaldi, S Lisi, A Rieti, S Piston, DW Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Cricenti, A TI Spectroscopic infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR-SNOM) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International School and Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science CY JUN 08-13, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, PREVAC Co, Hilgenberg GmbH DE SNOM; NSOM; infrared spectroscopy; BN; cells; thin film ID SILICON; SURFACE; PROBES AB Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM or NSOM) is the technique with the highest lateral optical resolution available today, while infrared (IR) spectroscopy has a high chemical specificity. Combining SNOM with a tunable IR source produces a unique tool, IR-SNOM, capable of imaging distributions of chemical species with a 100 rart spatial resolution. We present in this paper boron nitride (BN) thin film images, where IR-SNOM shows the distribution of hexagonal and cubic phases within the sample. Exciting potential applications in biophysics and medical sciences are illustrated with SNOM images of the distribution of different chemical species within cells. We present in this article images with resolutions of the order of lambda/60 with SNOM working with infrared light. With our SNOM setup, we routinely get optical resolutions between 50 and 150 nm, regardless of the wavelength of the light used to illuminate the sample. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Mat Complexe, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Inst Neurobiol & Mol Med, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Vobornik, D (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Mat Complexe, Stn 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM dusan.vobornik@epfl.ch RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Lisi, Antonella/C-7024-2015; OI Lisi, Antonella/0000-0002-5465-9500; Ivanov, Borislav/0000-0003-1837-6113 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 29 PY 2005 VL 401 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.02.057 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 969WY UT WOS:000232267700017 ER PT J AU Ravel, B AF Ravel, B TI A practical introduction to multiple scattering theory SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International School and Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science CY JUN 08-13, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, PREVAC Co, Hilgenberg GmbH DE XANES; EXAFS; multiple scattering theory; FEFF; PbTiO3; SF6; Fe ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; EDGE STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; XAFS; TRANSITION; PBTIO3; PHASE AB In recent years, the ability to interpret and analyze X-ray absorption spectroscopy data has progressed dramatically due, in large part, to the rapid development of ab initio theories of the absorption spectrum. One such theory, the FEFF program, has proven especially successful and is in wide use throughout the world. This paper presents an outline of the real-space, multiple-scattering theory used by FEFF and explains how FEFF is applied to both the near-edge and extended portions of the absorption spectrum. This paper is intended to be both practical and accessible. It is by a synchrotron experimentalist and intended for synchrotron experimentalists. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bravel@anl.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 29 PY 2005 VL 401 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.04.021 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 969WY UT WOS:000232267700023 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Nazarenko, L Lacis, A Schmidt, GA Russell, G Aleinov, I Bauer, M Bauer, S Bell, N Cairns, B Canuto, V Chandler, M Cheng, Y Del Genio, A Faluvegi, G Fleming, E Friend, A Hall, T Jackman, C Kelley, M Kiang, N Koch, D Lean, J Lerner, J Lo, K Menon, S Miller, R Minnis, P Novakov, T Oinas, V Perlwitz, J Perlwitz, J Rind, D Romanou, A Shindell, D Stone, P Sun, S Tausnev, N Thresher, D Wielicki, B Wong, T Yao, M Zhang, S AF Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Nazarenko, L Lacis, A Schmidt, GA Russell, G Aleinov, I Bauer, M Bauer, S Bell, N Cairns, B Canuto, V Chandler, M Cheng, Y Del Genio, A Faluvegi, G Fleming, E Friend, A Hall, T Jackman, C Kelley, M Kiang, N Koch, D Lean, J Lerner, J Lo, K Menon, S Miller, R Minnis, P Novakov, T Oinas, V Perlwitz, J Perlwitz, J Rind, D Romanou, A Shindell, D Stone, P Sun, S Tausnev, N Thresher, D Wielicki, B Wong, T Yao, M Zhang, S TI Efficacy of climate forcings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; LAND-COVER CHANGE; BLACK CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS; OZONE CHANGES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; RADIATIVE FORCINGS; SEA-ICE; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS AB [1] We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change. We find a substantial range in the "efficacy'' of different forcings, where the efficacy is the global temperature response per unit forcing relative to the response to CO2 forcing. Anthropogenic CH4 has efficacy similar to 110%, which increases to similar to 145% when its indirect effects on stratospheric H2O and tropospheric O-3 are included, yielding an effective climate forcing of similar to 0.8 W/m(2) for the period 1750 - 2000 and making CH4 the largest anthropogenic climate forcing other than CO2. Black carbon (BC) aerosols from biomass burning have a calculated efficacy similar to 58%, while fossil fuel BC has an efficacy similar to 78%. Accounting for forcing efficacies and for indirect effects via snow albedo and cloud changes, we find that fossil fuel soot, defined as BC + OC ( organic carbon), has a net positive forcing while biomass burning BC + OC has a negative forcing. We show that replacement of the traditional instantaneous and adjusted forcings, Fi and Fa, with an easily computed alternative, Fs, yields a better predictor of climate change, i.e., its efficacies are closer to unity. Fs is inferred from flux and temperature changes in a fixed-ocean model run. There is remarkable congruence in the spatial distribution of climate change, normalized to the same forcing Fs, for most climate forcing agents, suggesting that the global forcing has more relevance to regional climate change than may have been anticipated. Increasing greenhouse gases intensify the Hadley circulation in our model, increasing rainfall in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Eastern United States, and East Asia, while intensifying dry conditions in the subtropics including the Southwest United States, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and an expanding Sahel. These features survive in model simulations that use all estimated forcings for the period 1880 - 2000. Responses to localized forcings, such as land use change and heavy regional concentrations of BC aerosols, include more specific regional characteristics. We suggest that anthropogenic tropospheric O-3 and the BC snow albedo effect contribute substantially to rapid warming and sea ice loss in the Arctic. As a complement to a priori forcings, such as Fi, Fa, and Fs, we tabulate the a posteriori effective forcing, Fe, which is the product of the forcing and its efficacy. Fe requires calculation of the climate response and introduces greater model dependence, but once it is calculated for a given amount of a forcing agent it provides a good prediction of the response to other forcing amounts. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. SGT Inc, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. MIT, Ctr Meteorol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov RI Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; LU, C/C-6598-2008 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; NR 174 TC 692 Z9 703 U1 18 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D18 AR D18104 DI 10.1029/2005JD005776 PG 45 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971PP UT WOS:000232396700004 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Du, KP Arnone, R Liew, SC Penta, B AF Lee, ZP Du, KP Arnone, R Liew, SC Penta, B TI Penetration of solar radiation in the upper ocean: A numerical model for oceanic and coastal waters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-SCATTERING CONTRIBUTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNDERWATER LIGHT-FIELD; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; HEATING RATE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE RETRIEVAL AB [1] For studies of heat transfer in the upper ocean, the vertical distribution of solar radiation (E-SR) in the shortwave domain plays an important role. In earlier studies, a sum of multiple exponentials was used to describe the vertical transmittance of E-SR. For those exponential terms, an attenuation coefficient for each term is assigned, and those attenuation coefficients are assumed to be vertically constant. Furthermore, those attenuation coefficients are empirically modeled as functions of chlorophyll concentration (Chl) to cope with varying water properties of the oceans. Since attenuation coefficients of ocean waters are generally determined by components more than Chl alone, we developed a generalized model bypassing the use of Chl on the basis of extensive numerical simulations. In this new model, vertical transmittance of E-SR is separated into two exponential terms, with one for the contributions of wavelengths below 700 nm ( the visible domain, E-VIS) and one for wavelengths above 700 nm ( the infrared domain, E-IR). An attenuation coefficient is assigned for each of the two exponential terms. Unlike earlier models, these attenuation coefficients vary with depth as expected. Furthermore, the attenuation coefficient for the visible domain is modeled as a function of water's absorption and backscattering coefficients. Since absorption and backscattering coefficients of the world oceans can be adequately derived from observations of ocean color, the model we developed provides an effective and adequate means to describe the three-dimensional variation of both E-VIS and E-SR in the upper layer of the world oceans. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Res Ctr Remote Sensing & Geoeg Informat Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 119260, Singapore. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Liew, Soo Chin/C-9187-2011 OI Liew, Soo Chin/0000-0001-8342-4682 NR 72 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C9 AR C09019 DI 10.1029/2004JC002780 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 971QC UT WOS:000232398000003 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Cohen, D Qadri, SB AF Bubb, DM Cohen, D Qadri, SB TI Infrared-to-visible upconversion in thin films of LaEr(MoO4)(3) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERBIUM AB LaEr(MoO4)(3) thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, and fluorescence measurements. The results show that the deposited films were epitaxial with their c axis oriented along the surface normal. Films illuminated with 980 nm laser light show visible emission spectra. This visible emission arises as a result of the Er 4f-4f transitions and their lifetimes. Such so-called "upconverting phosphors" are important to the development of new chemical and biological sensing applications. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 13 AR 131909 DI 10.1063/1.2067712 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 966ZB UT WOS:000232060200020 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, YQ Lee, JK Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Mayer, JW AF Shao, L Wang, YQ Lee, JK Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Mayer, JW TI A technique to study the lattice location of hydrogen atoms in silicon by channeling elastic recoil detection analysis SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB By combining elastic recoil detection analysis with the channeling technique, energy analysis of forward-scattered H-1 permits determination of the H-1 lattice location. We have used this technique to study the lattice location of hydrogen in a crystalline Si containing a buried boron-doped layer. We showed that hydrogen atoms are trapped at the boron-doped Si layer after hydrogenation and that the majority of the trapped hydrogen atoms are located near bond-center sites. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 13 AR 131901 DI 10.1063/1.2058200 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 966ZB UT WOS:000232060200012 ER PT J AU Veal, TD Piper, LFJ Jollands, S Bennett, BR Jefferson, PH Thomas, PA McConville, CF Murdin, BN Buckle, L Smith, GW Ashley, T AF Veal, TD Piper, LFJ Jollands, S Bennett, BR Jefferson, PH Thomas, PA McConville, CF Murdin, BN Buckle, L Smith, GW Ashley, T TI Band gap reduction in GaNSb alloys due to the anion mismatch SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; GAINNAS; DEVICES; GROWTH; ENERGY AB The structural and optoelectronic properties in GaNxSb1-x alloys (0 <= x < 0.02) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on both GaSb substrates and AlSb buffer layers on GaAs substrates are investigated. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) and reciprocal space mapping indicate that the GaNxSb1-x epilayers are of high crystalline quality and the alloy composition is found to be independent of substrate, for identical growth conditions. The band gap of the GaNSb alloys is found to decrease with increasing nitrogen content from absorption spectroscopy. Strain-induced band-gap shifts, Moss-Burstein effects, and band renormalization were ruled out by XRD and Hall measurements. The band-gap reduction is solely due to the substitution of dilute amounts of highly electronegative nitrogen for antimony, and is greater than observed in GaNAs with the same N content. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Surrey, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. QinetiQ Ltd, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McConville, CF (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM C.F.McConville@warwick.ac.uk RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; Thomas, Pam/G-3532-2010; Veal, Tim/A-3872-2010; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Thomas, Pam/0000-0003-2221-0394; Veal, Tim/0000-0002-0610-5626; Murdin, Ben/0000-0001-9219-652X NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 13 AR 132101 DI 10.1063/1.2058224 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 966ZB UT WOS:000232060200024 ER PT J AU Papp-Szabo, E Kanipes, MI Guerry, P Monteiro, MA AF Papp-Szabo, E Kanipes, MI Guerry, P Monteiro, MA TI Cell-surface alpha-glucan in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; capsule; glucan ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; HUMANS AB Campylobacter jejuni infection is a main source of severe gastroenteritis-related illnesses in humans and there is also evidence that it may be linked to neurological disorders. C. jejuni 81-176 is a virulent strain that has become the global model in the study of mechanisms and pathogenesis of C. jejuni infection. For this reason, we were engaged in studying the fine structures of cell-surface carbohydrate antigens of C. jejuni 81-176, namely, the capsule polysaccharide (CPS) and lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Serologically, C. jejuni 81-176 has been classified as belonging to serogroups HS23 and HS36, and indeed previous studies have shown that the LOS and CPS structures possess components similar to those expressed by serostrains HS23 and HS36. Here, we describe that in addition to the LOS and CPS, this strain also produced an independent cell-surface (1-->4)-alpha-glucan capsule. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Monteiro, MA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM monteiro@uoguelph.ca RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 13 BP 2218 EP 2221 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.06.023 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 962YX UT WOS:000231770600018 PM 16055105 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, MJ Kioseoglou, G Jonker, BT AF Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, MJ Kioseoglou, G Jonker, BT TI Interface magnetization reversal and anisotropy in Fe/AlGaAs(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; OPTICAL 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER; SPIN INJECTION; THIN-FILMS; FE FILMS; FE/GAAS(001); MAGNETISM; OSCILLATIONS AB The reversal process of the Fe interface layer magnetization in Fe/AlGaAs heterostructures is measured directly using magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation, and is compared with the reversal of the bulk magnetization as obtained from magneto-optic Kerr effect. The switching characteristics are distinctly different due to interface-derived anisotropy-single step switching occurs at the interface layer, while two-jump switching occurs in the bulk Fe for the magnetic field orientations employed. The angle between the interface and bulk magnetization may be as large as 40-85 degrees. Such interface switching will dominate the behavior of nanoscale structures. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, HB (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RI Talbayev, Diyar/C-5525-2009 OI Talbayev, Diyar/0000-0003-3537-1656 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 13 AR 137202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.137202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 966ZA UT WOS:000232060100048 PM 16197169 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Casalini, R Capaccioli, S Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Casalini, R Capaccioli, S Paluch, M Roland, CM TI Do theories of the glass transition, in which the structural relaxation time does not define the dispersion of the structural relaxation, need revision? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; FORMING LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE AB Upon decreasing temperature or increasing pressure, a noncrystallizing liquid will vitrify; that is, the structural relaxation time, becomes so long that the system cannot attain an equilibrium configuration in the available time. Theories, including the well-known free volume and configurational entropy models, explain the glass transition by invoking a single quantity that governs the structural relaxation time. The dispersion of the structural relaxation (i.e., the structural relaxation function) is either not addressed or is derived as a parallel consequence (or afterthought) and thus is independent of tau(alpha). In these models the time dependence of the relaxation bears no fundamental relationship to the value of tau(alpha) or other dynamic properties. Such approaches appear to be incompatible with a general experimental fact recently discovered in glass-formers: for a given material at a fixed value of T, the dispersion is constant, independent of thermodynamic conditions (T and P); that is, the shape of the a-relaxation function depends only on the relaxation time. If derived independently of tau(alpha), it is an unlikely result that the dispersion of the structural relaxation would be uniquely defined by tau(alpha). C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. INFM, CNR, CRS SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 77 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 37 BP 17356 EP 17360 DI 10.1021/jp053439s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 964ZZ UT WOS:000231920800003 PM 16853218 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Gaume, RA Andrievsky, SM AF Makarov, VV Gaume, RA Andrievsky, SM TI Expansion of the TW Hydrae association and the encounter with Vega SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : Vega; stars : kinematics; stars : pre-main-sequence; open clusters and associations : individual : TWA ID PICTORIS MOVING GROUP; LAMBDA-BOOTIS STARS; TAURI STARS; CANDIDATE MEMBERS; KINEMATICS; ROTATION; CATALOG; SEARCH; CLOUDS; DISKS AB We investigate the paths of several probable members of the young association around the star TW Hydrae (TWA) with accurate distances, proper motions and radial velocities. We find that three of the previously identified members, TWA 1, TWA 4 and TWA 11, together with two other young nearby stars, HD 139084 and HD 220476, form a rapidly expanding association with an expansion age of 4.7 +/- 0.6 Myr. Initial velocities of member stars with respect to the common centre of mass range from 4 to 10 km s(-1). A characteristic size of the association in the initial configuration is 21 pc, which may be somewhat biased upwards due to the uncertainties in the observational data. The Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) OB association passed near TWA, at a distance of 36 +/- 6 pc, 11 Myr ago. A plausible scenario, which accounts for the difference between the isochrone age (similar or equal to 10 Myr) and expansion age (5 Myr), is that star formation was stimulated in the TWA progenitor cloud by the near passage of the LCC, but that the newly formed stars were not released from the cloud until a subsequent collision with one of the other molecular clouds in the North Ophiuchus region. Vega was inside the TWA association, and close to its centre of gravity, at the time of maximum compression 4.7 Myr ago. If this alignment is a chance encounter, the powerful particular disc around Vega could have been enhanced by the passage through the TWA progenitor cloud at 8 km s(-1). C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Odessa II Mechnikov State Univ, Dept Astron, UA-65014 Odessa, Ukraine. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave,MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vvm@caltech.edu; rgaume@usno.navy.mil; scan@deneb.odessa.ua OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 362 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1113 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09397.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968JH UT WOS:000232158300037 ER PT J AU Adler, CL Lee, RL AF Adler, CL Lee, RL TI Light and color in the open air: introduction to the feature issue SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Phys, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. USN Acad, Div Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Adler, CL (reprint author), St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Phys, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. EM cladler@smcm.edu; raylee@usna.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 27 BP 5623 EP 5623 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005623 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 967VK UT WOS:000232119100001 PM 16201422 ER PT J AU Lopez-Alvarez, MA Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Lee, RL AF Lopez-Alvarez, MA Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Lee, RL TI Designing a practical system for spectral imaging of skylight SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; SURFACE AB In earlier work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 13-23 (2004)], we showed that a combination of linear models and optimum Gaussian sensors obtained by an exhaustive search can recover daylight spectra reliably from broadband sensor data. Thus our algorithm and sensors could be used to design an accurate, relatively inexpensive system for spectral imaging of daylight. Here we improve our simulation of the multispectral system by (1) considering the different kinds of noise inherent in electronic devices such as change-coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and (2) extending our research to a different kind of natural illumination, skylight. Because exhaustive searches are expensive computationally, here we switch to a simulated annealing algorithm to define the optimum sensors for recovering skylight spectra. The annealing algorithm requires us to minimize a single cost function, and so we develop one that calculates both the spectral and colorimetric similarity of any pair of skylight spectra. We show that the simulated annealing algorithm yields results similar to the exhaustive search but with much less computational effort. Our technique lets us study the properties of optimum sensors in the presence of noise, one side effect of which is that adding more sensors may not improve the spectral recovery. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. EM javierha@ugr.es RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 27 BP 5688 EP 5695 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005688 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 967VK UT WOS:000232119100010 PM 16201431 ER PT J AU Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J AF Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J TI Short-term variability of overcast brightness SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; ILLUMINANCE; SKIES; LIGHT AB Overcasts seen from below seldom are uniform, unchanging cloud shields, yet little is known about their short-term photometric variability (periods : 2 h). Visible-wavelength spectra of daytime and twilight overcast skies measured at 30-s intervals reveal unexpected temporal variability in horizontal illuminance E-v and zenith luminance L-v. Fourier analysis of these time series shows peak fluctuations at periods of 2-40 min. Factors such as cloud type and optical depth, presence of fog or snow, and instrument field of view can affect overcast brightness variability. Surprisingly, under some circumstances overcast twilight E-v exceeds clear-sky E-v at the same Sun elevation. (D 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Lee, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM raylee@usna.edu RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 27 BP 5704 EP 5711 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005704 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 967VK UT WOS:000232119100012 PM 16201433 ER PT J AU Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J AF Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J TI Colors of the daytime overcast sky SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DAYLIGHT; CLOUDY; LIGHT; CLEAR; SKIES; MODEL AB Time-series measurements of daylight (skylight plus direct sunlight) spectra beneath overcast skies reveal an unexpectedly wide gamut of pastel colors. Analyses of these spectra indicate that at visible wavelengths, overcasts are far from spectrally neutral transmitters of the daylight incident on their tops. Colorimetric analyses show that overcasts make daylight bluer and that the amount of bluing increases with cloud optical depth. Simulations using the radiative-transfer model MODTRAN4 help explain the observed bluing: multiple scattering within optically thick clouds greatly enhances spectrally selective absorption by water droplets. However, other factors affecting overcast colors seen from below range from minimal (cloud-top heights) to moot (surface colors). (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Lee, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM raylee@usna.edu RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 27 BP 5712 EP 5722 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005712 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 967VK UT WOS:000232119100013 PM 16201434 ER PT J AU Palm, SP Fromm, M Spinhirne, J AF Palm, SP Fromm, M Spinhirne, J TI Observations of antarctic polar stratospheric clouds by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAM-II; WINTER AB We present the first satellite lidar observations of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). During late September and early October 2003, GLAS frequently observed type I and II PSCs over western Antarctica. At the peak of this activity on September 29 and 30 we investigate the vertical structure, horizontal coverage and general characteristics of the PSCs using the GLAS data. The PSCs were found to cover a relatively large area in a region where enhanced PSC frequency has been noted by previous PSC climatology studies. We also show near simultaneous measurements from the POAM III and SAGE II satellites that confirm the presence of type I and II PSCs in the same region. The area of PSC formation was found to coincide with the coldest temperatures and highest geopotential height in the lower stratosphere. In addition, extensive cloudiness was seen within the troposphere below the PSCs indicating that tropospheric disturbances played a role in their formation. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM spp@virl.gsfc.nasa.gov; mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil; jspin@virl.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22S04 DI 10.1029/2005GL023524 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968QT UT WOS:000232177900001 ER PT J AU Liu, JH Oran, ES Kaplan, CR AF Liu, JH Oran, ES Kaplan, CR TI Numerical diffusion in the FCT algorithm, revisited SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE numerical diffusion; flux-corrected transport; cell Reynolds number ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SHEAR FLOWS; MODELS AB Numerical diffusion in a flux-corrected transport (FCT) algorithm embedded in a Navier-Stokes solver (TINY3D) has been analytically and numerically studied for flows where density variations can be neglected. It is found that numerical diffusion can be analytically expressed in a form similar to that of viscous diffusion. The effective total viscosity can be written as an effective viscosity which is the sum of the physical and numerical viscosities. A low-Mach-number laminar boundary-layer flow is used to test the analytical model of numerical diffusion. A series of simulations, in which the amount of numerical diffusion is varied, show results consistent with predictions of boundary-layer theory when the effective total viscosity is used. The minimum required numerical viscosity to meet the linear stability condition and the lower and upper limits of the cell Reynolds number are also derived. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berkeley Res Associates Inc, POB 852, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM jhliu@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; oran@lcp.nrl.navy.mit; ckplan@lcp.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 2 BP 416 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.02.030 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 936NN UT WOS:000229862800002 ER PT J AU Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Petrou, A AF Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Petrou, A TI Bias-controlled hole degeneracy and implications for quantifying spin polarization SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; INJECTION; HETEROJUNCTIONS; HETEROSTRUCTURE; BARRIER; DIODE AB We report on a spin injection study from an Fe Schottky tunnel contact into n-AlGaAs/GaAs/p-AlGaAs light-emitting diodes with a bulk-like GaAs recombination region. The spectral composition and circular polarization of the electroluminescence allowed us to monitor changes in the band structure induced by the applied bias voltage. At low bias conditions, the holes are confined at the GaAs/p-AlGaAs interface and have two-dimensional (2D) character with nondegenerate heavy- and light-hole subbands. Increasing the bias voltage moves the structure towards a flatband condition, making the holes three-dimensional (3D)-like. The results are discussed in terms of the quantum selection rules describing radiative recombination in 2D and 3D systems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kioseoglou, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gnk@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 12 AR 122503 DI 10.1063/1.2051790 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 964UT UT WOS:000231907200042 ER PT J AU Siegel, DJ AF Siegel, DJ TI Generalized stacking fault energies, ductilities, and twinnabilities of Ni and selected Ni alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; FCC METALS; CRACK-TIP; DEFORMATION; NICKEL; ELECTRODEPOSITION; CRITERION AB The generalized stacking fault energies, Rice-criterion ductilities, and twinnabilities of selected Ni-x solid-solution alloys (x=Nb, W, Mn, Fe, Cu) are calculated using density functional theory to elucidate how alloying alters the mechanical properties of pure Ni. Relative to Ni, the alloys have smaller stacking fault energies (gamma(sf)), similar ductilities, and a greater tendency to undergo deformation twinning. The results are compared to experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline (nc) Ni alloys from the literature, and it is suggested that the higher strain-hardening rate recently reported for nc-Ni-Cu (relative to nc-Ni-Fe) does not arise from differences in gamma(sf), but from a higher dislocation density caused by more facile dislocation nucleation. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6390,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dsiegel@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Siegel, Donald/B-4048-2013 OI Siegel, Donald/0000-0001-7913-2513 NR 29 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 12 AR 121901 DI 10.1063/1.2051793 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 964UT UT WOS:000231907200017 ER PT J AU Gondarenko, NA Ossakow, SL Milikh, GM AF Gondarenko, NA Ossakow, SL Milikh, GM TI Generation and evolution of density irregularities due to self-focusing in ionospheric modifications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HF RADIO-WAVES; ASPECT ANGLE DEPENDENCE; HIGH-POWER; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; INSTABILITY; STRIATIONS; AIRGLOW; PLASMA; SCINTILLATION AB Simulations of the generation and evolution of ionospheric density irregularities due to thermal self-focusing are presented. A nonlinear, self-consistent development of the self-focusing instabilities (SFI) is studied with a two-dimensional model of HF radio wave propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas. The full-wave model is coupled with the electron temperature and plasma density equations. In these studies, the pump beam is incident vertically or tilted to the magnetic zenith direction. Our results demonstrate that irregularities generated and developed due to a local heating of the anisotropic ionosphere plasma are density depletions/striations with a strong enhancement of electron temperature inside depletions elongated along the magnetic field lines. For the ordinary mode (O mode) heating the reflection point is shifted upward with decreasing electron concentration. During the nonlinear evolution of the SFI instability the bunching of striations is observed. A number of the bunch-scale irregularities increase when the beam is tilted to the magnetic zenith direction. The presented results are consistent with the experiments carried out at the midlatitude SURA HF heating facility. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gondarenko, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ngondare@umd.edu; ossakow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; milikh@astro.umd.edu NR 40 TC 30 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09304 DI 10.1029/2005JA011142 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 967SW UT WOS:000232112500008 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Liu, Y Michalek, G Vourlidas, A Kaiser, ML Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Liu, Y Michalek, G Vourlidas, A Kaiser, ML Howard, RA TI Coronal mass ejections and other extreme characteristics of the 2003 October-November solar eruptions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; FORCE-FREE; RADIO; FLARES; SHOCKS; SPACECRAFT; CYCLE-23; WIND; SUN AB Fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), X-class flares, solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and interplanetary shocks were abundantly observed during the episode of intense solar activity in late October and early November 2003. Most of the 80 CMEs originated from three active regions (NOAA ARs 484, 486, and 488). We compare the statistical properties of these CMEs with those of the general population of CMEs observed during cycle 23. We find that (1) the 2003 October-November CMEs were fast and wide on the average and hence were very energetic, (2) nearly 20 percent of the ultrafast CMEs (speed >= 2000 km s(-1)) of cycle 23 occurred during the October-November interval, including the fastest CME of the study period (similar to 2700 km s(-1) on 4 November 2003 at 1954 UT), (3) the rate of full-halo CMEs was nearly four times the average rate during cycle 23, (4) at least sixteen shocks were observed near the Sun, while eight of them were intercepted by spacecraft along the Sun-Earth line, (5) the CMEs were highly geoeffective: the resulting geomagnetic storms were among the most intense of cycle 23, (6) the CMEs were associated with very large SEP events, including the largest event of cycle 23. These extreme properties were commensurate with the size and energy of the associated active regions. This study suggests that the speed of CMEs may not be much higher than similar to 3000 km s(-1), consistent with the free energy available in active regions. An important practical implication of such a speed limit is that the Sun-Earth travel times of CME-driven shocks may not be less than similar to 0.5 day. Two of the shocks arrived at Earth in <24 hours, the first events in similar to 30 years and only the 14th and 15th documented cases of such events since 1859. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov; yliu@quake.stanford.edu; michalek@oa.uj.edu.pl; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S15 DI 10.1029/2004JA010958 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 967SW UT WOS:000232112500006 ER PT J AU Kendziora, CA Sergienko, IA Jin, R He, J Keppens, V Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Kendziora, CA Sergienko, IA Jin, R He, J Keppens, V Sales, BC Mandrus, D TI Goldstone-mode phonon dynamics in the pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR CD2RE2O7; OXIDE AB We have measured the polarized Raman scattering spectra of Cd2Re2O7, the first superconducting pyrochlore, as a function of temperature. For temperatures below the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition (SPT) at 200 K, a peak with B-1 symmetry develops at zero frequency with divergent intensity. We identify this peak as the first observation of the Goldstone phonon in a crystalline solid. The Goldstone phonon is a collective excitation that exists due to the breaking of the continuous symmetry with the SPT. Its emergence coincides with that of a Raman-active soft mode. The order parameter for both features derives from an unstable doubly degenerate vibration (with E-u symmetry) of the O1 atoms which drives the SPT. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kendziora, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 12 AR 125503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.125503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 964VD UT WOS:000231908200032 PM 16197084 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW AF Monzon, C Forester, DW TI Negative refraction and focusing of circularly polarized waves in optically active media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIAL; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; INDEX AB Analysis indicates that certain types of optically active media are capable of producing negative refraction and focusing of circularly polarized waves. It is established that a slab of such material acts just as Veselago's hypothetical left-handed media lens, providing subwavelength resolution as Sir Pendry's ideal lens, but for circularly polarized waves. C1 NRL, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), NRL, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 26 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 12 AR 123904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.123904 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 964VD UT WOS:000231908200025 PM 16197077 ER PT J AU Poth, C Fung, C Gunturkun, O Ridgway, SH Oelschlager, HHA AF Poth, C Fung, C Gunturkun, O Ridgway, SH Oelschlager, HHA TI Neuron numbers in sensory cortices of five delphinids compared to a physeterid, the pygmy sperm whale SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Comparative Neurobiology CY APR 15-17, 2004 CL St John Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St John Coll DE neuron number; cortical unit; auditory; visual; somatosensory cortex; delphinid; physeterid; Cetacea ID CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MAMMALS AB With its large mass and enormous gyrification, the neocortex of whales and dolphins has always been a challenge to neurobiologists. Here we analyse the relationship between neuron number per cortical unit in three different sensory areas and brain mass in six different toothed whale species, five delphinids and one physeterid. Cortex samples, including primary cortical areas of the auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems were taken from both hemispheres of brains fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 25 mu m thickness and stained with cresyl violet. Because cortical thickness varies among toothed whale species, cell counts were done in cortical units measuring 150 mu m in width, 25 mu m in thickness, and extending from the pial surface to the white matter. By arranging the delphinid brains according to their total mass, 834-6052 g, we found decreasing neuron numbers in the investigated areas with increasing brain mass. The pigmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps), a physeterid with an adult brain weight of 1000 g had a distinctly lower neuron number per cortical unit. As had been expected, an increase in adult brain weight in delphinid cetaceans (family Delphinidae) is not correlated with an increase in neuron number per cortical unit. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Dept Anat 3, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Biopsychol, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Marine Mammal Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Poth, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Dept Anat 3, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. EM spindoctor_c@web.de; cfung@gmx.net NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 66 IS 4-6 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.001 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 971CW UT WOS:000232359800015 PM 16144614 ER PT J AU Roberts, DJ Chun, HM AF Roberts, DJ Chun, HM TI Dropped gallstone as a nidus of intra-abdominal abscess complicated by empyema SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; PIGMENT GALLSTONES; WESTERN SOCIETIES; PATHOGENESIS; BACTERIA AB We describe a patient who developed an intra-abdominal abscess and empyema from a dropped gallstone at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1.5 years ago. As minimally invasive surgeries become conventional, clinicians should be aware of this increasingly common complication. C1 NMCSD, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Chun, HM (reprint author), NMCSD, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM hmchun@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP E64 EP E66 DI 10.1086/432892 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 956QB UT WOS:000231313800032 PM 16107971 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NA Bennett, BR Boos, JB Park, D Bass, R AF Papanicolaou, NA Bennett, BR Boos, JB Park, D Bass, R TI Sb-based HEMTs with InAlSb/InAs heterojunction SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; AMPLIFIER AB Antimonide-based HEMTs with a 0.35 mu m gate length have been fabricated with an InAlSb/InAs heterojunction. The new Te-doped MBE material, which does not contain highly-reactive AlSb, exhibits a Hall mobility of 23,500 cm(2)/V-s and a sheet density of 1.7 x 10(12) cm(-2). The devices have a DC transconductance of 1000 mS/ mm and an f(T)L(g) product of 32 GHz-mu m at V(DS) = 0.35 V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papanicolaou, NA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papanicolaou@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 19 BP 1088 EP 1089 DI 10.1049/el:20052105 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 972QW UT WOS:000232469300034 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI Density scaling of the dynamics of vitrifying liquids and its relationship to the dynamic crossover SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, KNAW, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Novocontrol GmbH, DSM ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ALPHA-RELAXATION; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION AB A central question concerning glass-formation has been what governs the kinetic arrest of the quenched liquid - cooling reduces the thermal energy which molecules need to surmount local potential barriers, while the accompanying volume contraction promotes molecular crowding and congestion (and thus alters the potential). Recent experimental findings have shown that both thermal energy and density contribute significantly to the temperature-dependence of vitrifying liquids. Herein, we show that the scaling (superpositioning) of the relaxation times near the glassy state, by expressing them as a function of temperature and the specific volume, leads to a modification of the usual fragility curves, whereby differences in the extent of departure from Arrhenius behavior can be rationalized. More intriguingly, the characteristic changes in the relaxation properties (i.e., the 'dynamic crossover'), occurring well above the liquid-to-glass transition, are shown to be related to the same function that superposes the relaxation data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nri.navy.mil; casalini@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 82 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 33-36 BP 2581 EP 2587 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.056 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 966AZ UT WOS:000231993300002 ER PT J AU Bartos, J Sausa, O Racko, D Kristiak, J Fontanella, JJ AF Bartos, J Sausa, O Racko, D Kristiak, J Fontanella, JJ TI Positron annihilation lifetime response and relaxation dynamics in glycerol SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, KNAW, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Novocontrol GmbH, DSM ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-FORMERS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC LOSS; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; DEPENDENCE; STATE AB Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) data on glycerol are related to the results of broadband dielectric studies from the literature. Specifically, the temperature variation of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime, tau(3), and of the relative intensity, 13, from 100 K up to 300 K have been compared with the spectral features of the alpha and beta relaxation from the decomposed dielectric loss spectra. First, it is found that in the tau(3) VS. temperature plot, in addition to the universal characteristic PALS temperatures: T(g)(PALS) and T(b2)(L) = 1.53T(g)(PALS) where large discontinuities in slope are observed and which are associated with the glass-liquid transition and the onset of a quasi-plateau level, respectively, a discontinuity in the slope occurs at T(b1)(L) = 1.28T(g)(PALS). Further, it is found that tau(3) at T(b1)(L) is approximately the same as the mean secondary beta relaxation time, tau(3)(T(b1)(L)) approximate to tau(beta)(T(b1)(L)). Next, it is suggested that the decrease in I(3) vs. T plot as temperature increases above T(g)(PALS) can be related to the beta and alpha relaxations qualitatively. These findings are consistent with the notion that free volume redistribution in liquid glycerol is due to the local beta process as well as the high-frequency part of cooperative a process causing a partial elimination of smaller holes from the PALS spectrum as temperature increases. An alternative or perhaps additional explanation is that as temperature increases, some of the small, detectable holes break up into holes too small for the PALS measurement. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SAS, Inst Polymer, Div Struct & Phys Properties, Bratislava 84236, Slovakia. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. SAS, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84228, Slovakia. RP Bartos, J (reprint author), SAS, Inst Polymer, Div Struct & Phys Properties, Bratislava 84236, Slovakia. EM upolbrts@savba.sk RI Racko, Dusan/M-6603-2016 OI Racko, Dusan/0000-0002-9203-9652 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 33-36 BP 2599 EP 2604 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.04.084 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 966AZ UT WOS:000231993300005 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Do theories of glass transition that address only the alpha-relaxation need a new paradigm? SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, KNAW, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Novocontrol GmbH, DSM ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; JOHARI-GOLDSTEIN; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING LIQUIDS; SOFTENING THERMODYNAMICS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC LOSS AB Experimental evidence is presented to show that temperature, volume and/or entropy enter earlier into the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation to assert their influence on the mobility of molecules, long before the primary alpha-relaxation becomes known. Since the JG relaxation is the precursor of alpha-relaxation, a theory of glass transition needs reconsideration if it considers only the alpha-relaxation and it regards the alpha-relaxation as where originate the dependences of molecular mobility on temperature, volume and/or entropy. Actually, many-molecule dynamics transform the precursory JG relaxation to the terminal alpha-relaxation progressively with time. The stronger dependences of the alpha-relaxation time T. on temperature, volume and/or entropy are derived from the weaker dependences of the JG relaxation time tau(JG). A schematic solution of the glass transition problem based on the coupling model and the JG relaxation is proposed. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 74 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 33-36 BP 2635 EP 2642 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.060 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 966AZ UT WOS:000231993300011 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Prevosto, D Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Casalini, R Ngai, KL AF Capaccioli, S Prevosto, D Lucchesi, M Rolla, PA Casalini, R Ngai, KL TI Identifying the genuine Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation by cooling, compressing, and aging small molecular glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, KNAW, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Novocontrol GmbH, DSM ID DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; EVOLUTION; CONSTANT; PRESSURE AB The different nature of multiple secondary (beta- and gamma-) relaxations for the glass-formers dipropyleneglycol-dibenzoate and benzoin-isobutylether has been investigated by varying temperature and pressure in the equilibrium liquid and glassy states, as well as by monitoring the structural recovery after a rapid quenching of the liquid to form a glass. For both systems the behavior of the slower P-relaxation mimicked that of the alpha-relaxation: its time scale was strongly affected by pressure variation and its behavior below T-g was sensitive to thermal history and to aging. On the contrary the gamma-relaxation time was negligibly dependent on pressure and on aging. The correlation between the dynamic properties of the alpha-process and those of the slower beta-process indicates that the latter was likely the genuine Johari-Goldstein (JG) intermolecular relaxation. Moreover, a good agreement was found between the beta-relaxation time and the independent relaxation time tau(0) of the coupling model (CM), leading to predictive quantitative relations between the JG and the structural relaxation, supported also by the experimental data of many other systems, in both liquid and glassy state. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Capaccioli, S (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, SOFT, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM capacci@df.unipi.it RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 33-36 BP 2643 EP 2651 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.071 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 966AZ UT WOS:000231993300012 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Synthesis and properties of a bisphenol A based phthalonitrile resin SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aryl ether; bisphenol A; curing; high temperature; phthalonitrile; polymers ID TEMPERATURE POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; POLYIMIDE AB A multiple aromatic ether linked phthalonitrile was synthesized and characterized. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer was prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4,4-difluorobenzophenone in the presence of K2CO3 as the base in an N,N-dimethylformamide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. The monomer properties were compared to those of the known resin 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane after being cured in the presence of bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone. Rheometric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the oligomeric phthalonitrile resin maintained good structural integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and exhibited excellent thermal properties along with long-term oxidative stability. The ether-linked phthalonitrile resin absorbed less than 2.5% water by weight after exposure to an aqueous environment for extended periods. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keller1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 18 BP 4136 EP 4143 DI 10.1002/pola.20901 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959NG UT WOS:000231524100012 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Naud, DL Gilardi, RD AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Chavez, DE Naud, DL Gilardi, RD TI Synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties of diazido heteroaromatic high-nitrogen C-N compound SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RICH CARBON NITRIDES; S-TETRAZINE; DERIVATIVES; PRECURSOR; 3,3'-AZOBIS(6-AMINO-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE); MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR; AZIDE AB The synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties of diazido heteroaromatic high-nitrogen C-N compound, 3,6-diazido-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DiAT), are reported. Its normalized heat of formation (N Delta H-f), experimentally determined using an additive method, is shown to be the highest positive N Delta H-f compared to all other organic molecules. The unexpected azido-tetrazolo tautomerizations and irreversible tetrazolo transformation of DiAT are remarkable compared to all other polyazido heteroaromatic high-nitrogen C-N compounds, for example, 2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine; 4,4',6,6'-tetra(azido)hydrazo-1,3,5-triazine; 4,4',6,6'-tetra(azido)azo-1,3,5-triazine; and 2,5,8-tri(azido)-1,3,4,6,7,9,9b-heptaazaphenalene (heptazine). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, DX-2,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 45 TC 199 Z9 220 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 14 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 36 BP 12537 EP 12543 DI 10.1021/ja0509735 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 966RQ UT WOS:000232039100043 PM 16144401 ER PT J AU Cavendish, JJ Linz, PE AF Cavendish, JJ Linz, PE TI Constrictive pericarditis from a severely calcified pericardium SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Cavendish, JJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jjcavendish@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 13 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 11 BP E137 EP E139 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492413 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 963RG UT WOS:000231821200022 PM 16157776 ER PT J AU Hoyt, R AF Hoyt, R TI Celiac disease and osteoporosis SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Hoyt, R (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. EM robert.e.hoyt@pcola.med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 16 BP 1922 EP 1922 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.16.1922-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 963VS UT WOS:000231834900020 PM 16157841 ER PT J AU Polyakov, IV Beszczynska, A Carmack, EC Dmitrenko, IA Fahrbach, E Frolov, IE Gerdes, R Hansen, E Holfort, J Ivanov, VV Johnson, MA Karcher, M Kauker, F Morison, J Orvik, KA Schauer, U Simmons, HL Skagseth, O Sokolov, VT Steele, M Timokhov, LA Walsh, D Walsh, JE AF Polyakov, IV Beszczynska, A Carmack, EC Dmitrenko, IA Fahrbach, E Frolov, IE Gerdes, R Hansen, E Holfort, J Ivanov, VV Johnson, MA Karcher, M Kauker, F Morison, J Orvik, KA Schauer, U Simmons, HL Skagseth, O Sokolov, VT Steele, M Timokhov, LA Walsh, D Walsh, JE TI One more step toward a warmer Arctic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; NORDIC SEAS; OCEAN; WATER; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURES; HALOCLINE; SLOPE AB This study was motivated by a strong warming signal seen in mooring-based and oceanographic survey data collected in 2004 in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. The source of this and earlier Arctic Ocean changes lies in interactions between polar and sub-polar basins. Evidence suggests such changes are abrupt, or pulse-like, taking the form of propagating anomalies that can be traced to higher-latitudes. For example, an anomaly found in 2004 in the eastern Eurasian Basin took similar to 1.5 years to propagate from the Norwegian Sea to the Fram Strait region, and additional similar to 4.5-5 years to reach the Laptev Sea slope. While the causes of the observed changes will require further investigation, our conclusions are consistent with prevailing ideas suggesting the Arctic Ocean is in transition towards a new, warmer state. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. OASys Ocean Atmosphere Syst GbR, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. GIUB, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM igor@iarc.uaf.edu RI Ivanov, Vladimir/J-5979-2014 NR 21 TC 171 Z9 175 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 17 AR L17605 DI 10.1029/2005GL023740 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 963SZ UT WOS:000231827500005 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, PM TI Growth and decay of acoustic acceleration waves in Darcy-type porous media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Darcy's law; nonlinear acoustics; acceleration waves; travelling wave solution ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; COMPRESSIBLE FLUID; DISCONTINUITIES; PROPAGATION; EQUATIONS; FLOW AB The propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid that saturates a Darcy-type porous medium is considered under finite-amplitude theory. The equation of motion is derived, an acceleration wave analysis is carried out, and a travelling wave solution (TWS) is obtained. In addition, analytical findings are supported with numerical work generated by a simple, but effective, finite-difference scheme and results obtained are compared with those of the nonporous and linear cases. Most notably, this analysis reveals the following: (i) that the equation of motion is a new, hyperbolic form of Kuznetsov's equation; (ii) that finite-time blow-up of the wave amplitude is possible even if dissipation is present; (iii) the presence of a porous medium increases, with respect to the nonporous case, the rate at which amplitude growth/decay occurs; (iv) in the case of porous media propagation, not all compressive acceleration waves suffer blow up; and (v) that there exists a, connection between acceleration waves and TWSs. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 461 IS 2061 BP 2749 EP 2766 DI 10.1098/rspa.2005.1477 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 963IP UT WOS:000231798000005 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD AF Jiang, QF Doyle, JD TI Wave breaking induced surface wakes and jets observed during a bora event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY BANNERS; PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; FLOW; DYNAMICS; ALPS AB An observational and modeling study of a bora event that occurred during the field phase of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme is presented. Research aircraft in-situ measurements and airborne remote-sensing observations indicate the presence of strong low-level wave breaking and alternating surface wakes and jets along the Croatian coastline over the Adriatic Sea. The observed features are well captured by a high-resolution COAMPS simulation. Analysis of the observations and modeling results indicate that the long-extending wakes above the boundary layer are induced by dissipation associated with the low-level wave breaking, which locally tends to accelerate the boundary layer flow beneath the breaking. Farther downstream of the high peaks, a hydraulic jump occurs in the boundary layer, which creates surface wakes. Downstream of lower-terrain ( passes), the boundary layer flow stays strong, resembling supercritical flow. C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 17 AR L17807 DI 10.1029/2005GL022398 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 963SX UT WOS:000231827300001 ER PT J AU Barnes, L Reed, A Geisler, J Godfrey, S Bohaska, D AF Barnes, Lawrence Reed, Allen Geisler, Jonathan Godfrey, Stephen Bohaska, David TI EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSITY AND INNER EAR MORPHOLOGIES OF KENTRIODONTID DOLPHINS, MIOCENE CHESAPEAKE GROUP, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barnes, Lawrence] Nat Hist Museum LA Cty, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Reed, Allen] USN, Res Lab, Ssc, MS USA. [Geisler, Jonathan] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Godfrey, Stephen] Calvert Marine Museum, Solomons, MD USA. [Bohaska, David] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 34A EP 34A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MU UT WOS:000207130900019 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J TI Kernel energy method: Application to insulin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hartree-Fock; protein; ab initio; quantum mechanics AB In two recent articles a method has been described for calculating the total energy of large molecules. The method is called the kernel energy method (KEM) and requires knowledge of the crystal structure of interest. Calculations are simplified by adopting the approximation that a full molecule could be represented by smaller kernels of atoms. The KEM was illustrated with peptides ranging in size from 4 to 19 amino acid residues, and was found to deliver accurate results. The use of the KEM does not depend upon a particular choice of basis functions and is applicable across quantum computational methods of differing levels of accuracy. These earlier investigations suggested that the KEM could be used to calculate the ab initio quantum mechanical energy of proteins. An application has been made with the protein insulin, composed of 51 aa. Accurate KEM Hartree-Fock energies are obtained for the separate A and B chains of insulin and for their composite structure in the full insulin molecule. A limited basis is used to make possible calculation of the full insulin molecule, which can be used as a standard of accuracy for the KEM calculation. The KEM result obtained is E-KEM = -21104.7656 a.u. It differs from a full molecule Hartree-Fock result by only 0.000002%. The solvent molecules can be treated effectively as a separate kernel. The KEM result for the fully solvated insulin molecule is E-KEM = -26275.4127 a.u., differing from the full molecule Hartree-Fock result by as little as 0.000023%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-0307]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM606654] NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 6 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 36 BP 12690 EP 12693 DI 10.1073/pnas.0506378102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 962FP UT WOS:000231716700011 PM 16120673 ER PT J AU Diao, JJ Sun, JW Hutchison, JB Reeves, ME AF Diao, JJ Sun, JW Hutchison, JB Reeves, ME TI Self assembled nanoparticle wires by discontinuous vertical colloidal deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC MATERIALS; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; NANORODS; FILMS; DNA; AU AB We report a simple, one-step method for assembling spherical nanoparticles into wires without the need for lithographic templating. It is effective for a variety of conducting and nonconducting nanoparticles and substrates, and the only material requirement is that the nanoparticles be placed in a colloidal suspension that is wettable on the desired substrate. The shape of the meniscus defines the wire's geometry, and we report the synthesis and physical properties of wires several millimeters long by a few micrometers wide. As we demonstrate here, the technique is fast and easily controlled, and can be used to make integrated nanoparticle wire arrays. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diao, JJ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM reevesme@gwu.edu RI Diao, Jiajie/A-3425-2008 OI Diao, Jiajie/0000-0003-4288-3203 NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 10 AR 103113 DI 10.1063/1.2042637 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 960SZ UT WOS:000231614800058 ER PT J AU Sze, H Banister, J Failor, BH Levine, JS Qi, N Velikovich, AL Davis, J Lojewski, D Sincerny, P AF Sze, H Banister, J Failor, BH Levine, JS Qi, N Velikovich, AL Davis, J Lojewski, D Sincerny, P TI Efficient radiation production in long implosions of structured gas-puff Z pinch loads from large initial radius SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; K-SHELL RADIATION; NOZZLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; POWER AB We have proposed and demonstrated successfully a new approach for generating high-yield K-shell radiation with large-diameter gas-puff Z pinches. The novel load design consists of an outer region plasma that carries the current and couples energy from the driver, an inner region plasma that stabilizes the implosion, and a high-density center jet plasma that radiates. It increased the Ar K-shell yield at 3.46 MA in 200 ns implosions from 12 cm initial diameter by a factor of 2, to 21 kJ, matching the yields obtained earlier on the same accelerator with 100 ns implosions. A new "pusher-stabilizer-radiator" physical model is advanced to explain this result. C1 L3 Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sze, H (reprint author), L3 Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 AR 105001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.105001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 960TI UT WOS:000231615700025 PM 16196936 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Phase stability in the Fe-Ni system: Investigation by first-principles calculations and atomistic simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE computer modeling; interatomic potential; first-principles calculations; iron; nickel ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHONON-DISPERSION CURVES; MANY-BODY POTENTIALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; BCC METALS; ALPHA-IRON; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TRANSITION-METALS; SELF-DIFFUSION AB First-principles calculations of the energy of various crystal structures of Fe, Ni and ordered Fe-Ni compounds with different stoichiometries have been performed by the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method in the generalized gradient approximation. The most stable compounds are L1(2)-Ni3Fe, L1(0)-FeNi, C11(f)-Ni2Fe and C11(f)-FeN. The L1(2)-Ni3Fe compound has the largest negative formation energy, which is consistent with the experimental Fe-Ni phase diagram. The L1(0)-FeNi compound has also been observed experimentally in meteorite samples as a metastable phase. It is suggested here that the C11(f) compounds could also form in Fe-Ni alloys at low temperatures. A new semi-empirical interatomic potential has been developed for the Fe-Ni system by fitting to experimental data and the results of the LAPW calculations. Recognizing the significance of the covalent component of bonding in this system, the potential is based on the embedded-atom method (EAM) but additionally includes a bond-angle dependence. In comparison with the existing modified EAM method, our potential form is simpler, extends interactions to several (3-5) coordination shells and replaces the screening procedure by a smooth cutoff of the potential functions. The potential reproduces a variety of properties of Fe and Ni with a reasonable accuracy. It also reproduces all stability trends across the Fe-Ni system established by the LAPW calculations. The potential can be useful in atomistic simulations of the phases of the Fe-Ni system. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 77 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 14 U2 80 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 4029 EP 4041 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.001 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 961DR UT WOS:000231642600003 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, JG Qadri, SB Scully, JR Fitz-Gerald, JM AF Hoekstra, JG Qadri, SB Scully, JR Fitz-Gerald, JM TI Laser surface modification of a crystalline Al-Co-Ce alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The surfaces of Al-Co-Ce bulk crystalline alloys have been successfully laser processed resulting in amorphous-like surface layer formation with enhanced corrosion characteristics. The material system, Al84Co7.Ce-5(8.5), is one of several next generation alloy compositions scientifically designed to form a metallic glass under the proper processing conditions. This material system exhibits both local composition changes and enhanced corrosion resistance in comparison to their native counterparts. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fitz-Gerald, JM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, 116 Engn Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jfitz@virginia.edu NR 15 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 7 IS 9 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1002/adem.200500103 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 981AN UT WOS:000233059500003 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, DM TI New worlds, new lives: Globalization and people of Japanese descent in the Americas and from Latin America to Japan. SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 2200 WILSON BLVD, STE 600, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 530 EP 531 DI 10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.530.2 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 964ZI UT WOS:000231919100050 ER PT J AU Buccolo, LS Hyun, CB AF Buccolo, LS Hyun, CB TI Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using a gastroscope versus a sigmoidoscope in primary care: A pilot study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Naval Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 1071 BP S389 EP S389 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502328 ER PT J AU Buccolo, LS Hyun, CB Herman, ME AF Buccolo, LS Hyun, CB Herman, ME TI Recurrent DVT associated with heterozygous MS-type alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Naval Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 490 BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853501098 ER PT J AU Camiscoli, D Kurland, J Balshaw, R Leskinova, N Kahler, KH Dastani, HB AF Camiscoli, D Kurland, J Balshaw, R Leskinova, N Kahler, KH Dastani, HB TI Drug utilization characteristics among patients with non-D IBS: Results from the IBS longitudinal outcomes (ILOS) study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Syreon Corp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Novartis Pharmaceut, HE&OR, E Hanover, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 940 BP S344 EP S344 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502197 ER PT J AU Gentry, AB Smith, JH Arluk, G AF Gentry, AB Smith, JH Arluk, G TI Gastric foveolar metaplasia arising from gastric heterotopia at the minor papilla SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 565 BP S214 EP S214 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853501173 ER PT J AU Hames, CS Capozza, TS AF Hames, CS Capozza, TS TI Mesalamine induced panserositis and acute interstitial nephritis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 675 BP S254 EP S254 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853501283 ER PT J AU Herman, ME Hyun, C Jack, TW Phil, D AF Herman, ME Hyun, C Jack, TW Phil, D TI Assessment of serum thiamine levels following gastric bypass surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 763 BP S284 EP S284 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502022 ER PT J AU Kurland, J Camiscoli, D Kahler, KH Dastani, HB Balshaw, R Leskinova, N AF Kurland, J Camiscoli, D Kahler, KH Dastani, HB Balshaw, R Leskinova, N TI Comparison of Rome II criteria with patient reported bowel pattern: Results from the IBS longitudinal outcomes (ILOS) study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ USA. Syreon Corp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 934 BP S342 EP S342 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502192 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Andrews, AH Dobhan, R Kim, CH Cash, BD Chey, WD AF Lee, DH Andrews, AH Dobhan, R Kim, CH Cash, BD Chey, WD TI A prospective, multicenter US trial to determine the yield of routine diagnostic testing in suspected diarrhea-predominant and alternating IBS patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 48109 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Northwest, DC USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 918 BP S336 EP S336 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502176 ER PT J AU Sorensen, KC Newman, RG Kitchell, BE Schaeffer, DJ Siegel, AM AF Sorensen, KC Newman, RG Kitchell, BE Schaeffer, DJ Siegel, AM TI Isolation, characterization, and expression of stromelysin-1 in primary tumors of dogs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE EXPRESSION; MELANOMA CELL-LINES; UP-REGULATION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TISSUE INHIBITORS; MESSENGER-RNA; GELATINASE-B; IV COLLAGEN; ACTIVATION; DISEASE AB Objective-To isolate and characterize the cDNA sequence of canine stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-3), screen various naturally developing primary tumors of dogs, and assess the effect of stromelysin-1 on survival of dogs with cancer. Sample Population-3 canine cell lines and biopsy specimens of primary tumors collected from 54 dogs. Procedure 3 canine cell lines and biopsy specimens of primary tumors collected from 54 dogs at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital were used in the study. Primer sets based on human stromelysin-1 and consensus sequences were designed for expression, screening, and isolation. Two additional primer sets were designed for screening. Samples were assayed at least in duplicate. Data were analyzed for differences in expression of stromelysin-1 on the basis of sex, age, metastasis malignant versus nonmalignant tissue origin, and duration of patient survival. Results-A 1,479-bp cDNA nucleoticle sequence was amplified from established canine cell lines. The open reading frame encoded a protein consisting of 478 amino acids. This sequence was 70% to 88% homologous with stromelysin-1 of other species at the amino acid level. Fifty-four samples were screened for stromelysin-1. Of these, 34 (63%) had positive results and 20 (37%) had negative results for expression. Stromelysin-1 and metastasis were associated with a poor prognosis for survival. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Stromelysin-1 is a potential activator of other members of the MMP family. Additional studies are needed to investigate the relationship between stromelysin-1 production and aggressive biological behavior of tumors in dogs. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Sorensen, KC (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Biosci Div Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R0T T32 CA09067] NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1526 EP 1535 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1526 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 958VL UT WOS:000231476200008 PM 16261825 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Taitt, CR Loo, N Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Taitt, CR Loo, N Ligler, FS TI Biosensor detection of botulinum toxoid A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; IMMUNOASSAY; TOXIN; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANALYTES; SAMPLES; AGENTS AB Immunoassays were developed for the simultaneous detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B and botulinum toxoid A in buffer, with limits of detection of 0.1 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The toxins were also spiked and measured in a variety of food samples, including canned tomatoes, sweet corn, green beans, mushrooms, and tuna. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5590 EP 5592 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5590-5592.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400083 PM 16151154 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, D Lasher, M Fainman, Y AF Miyazaki, D Lasher, M Fainman, Y TI Fluorescent volumetric display excited by a single infrared beam SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GLASSES AB A volumetric display technique that uses fluorescence excited by a single infrared beam is proposed. A convergent laser beam is used to activate ions locally around the focal point. Three-dimensional scanning by the focal point is achieved by moving an inclined image plane in the direction perpendicular to an optical axis. Preliminary experimental results of three-dimensional image generation in an Er3+-doped glass excited by a laser beam of 810 nm wavelength are presented. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Adv Technol Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sumiyoshi Ku, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Osaka 5588585, Japan. EM miyazaki@elec.eng.osaka-cu-ac NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 25 BP 5281 EP 5285 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005281 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 960FH UT WOS:000231575100015 PM 16149350 ER PT J AU Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P Rubel, G AF Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P Rubel, G TI Remote atmospheric breakdown for standoff detection by using an intense short laser pulse SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AIR AB A remote atmospheric breakdown is a very rich source of UV and broadband visible light that could provide an early warning of the presence of chemical-biological warfare agents at extended standoff distances. A negatively chirped laser pulse propagating in air compresses in time and focuses transversely, which results in a rapid laser intensity increase and ionization near the focal region that can be located kilometers away from the laser system. Proof-of-principle laboratory experiments are performed on the generation of remote atmospheric breakdown and the spectroscopic detection of mock biological warfare agents. We have generated third harmonics at 267 nm and UV broadband radiation in air from the compression and focusing of femtosecond laser pulses. Fluorescence emission from albumin aerosols as they were illuminated by the femtosecond laser pulse has been observed. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RSI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ting@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 25 BP 5315 EP 5320 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005315 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 960FH UT WOS:000231575100020 PM 16149355 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK West, RV Ong, BC Irrgang, JJ Fu, FH Harner, CD AF Sekiya, JK West, RV Ong, BC Irrgang, JJ Fu, FH Harner, CD TI Clinical outcomes after isolated arthroscopic single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE posterior cruciate ligament; reconstruction; ligament ID HEALTH SURVEY SF-36; HUMAN KNEE; IN-VITRO; POSTEROLATERAL STRUCTURES; PCL RECONSTRUCTION; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; TIBIAL ATTACHMENT; NATURAL-HISTORY; GRAFT PLACEMENT; DEFICIENT KNEE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in patients with isolated grade Ell PCL injuries. Type of Study: Retrospective review. Methods: Twenty-one patients who underwent an isolated arthroscopic single-bundle PCL reconstruction for the treatment of a grade III PCL injury between 1989 and 1998 were included in the study. There were 15 male and 6 female patients with an average age of 38 years (range, 20 to 62 years). The length of follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 2.6 to 11 years), and the average time from injury to surgery was 4.5 years (median, 1.3 years; range, 2 weeks to 25 years). All patients completed a subjective evaluation and 14 patients returned for a physical examination and radiographs. One patient underwent an acute reconstruction (<3 weeks), 4 had a subacute (<3 months), and 16 underwent a chronic (>3 months) reconstruction. The anterolateral bundle of the PCL was reconstructed using an Achilles tendon allograft passed through femoral and tibial bone tunnels. Results: The overall average Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), Sports Activities Scale (SAS), and SF-36 scores were 79.3, 71.6, and 98 points, respectively. There was a significant difference identified when the ADLS (91.3 v 75.6) and the SAS (90.4 v 65.8) scores of the subacute/acute group were compared with those of the chronic reconstruction group. Using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective assessment, 57% of the patients had normal/near normal knee function, and 62% had a normal/near normal activity level. The average extension and flexion losses were 1 degrees and 5 degrees, respectively. Instrumented laxity examination revealed that 62% had less than a 3-mm and 31% had a 3- to 5-mm side-to-side difference in corrected posterior displacement. Radiographs at follow-up showed that 75% had normal/near normal findings according to IKDC guidelines. Conclusions: The clinical outcomes after arthroscopic single-bundle PCL reconstruction in this study produced a satisfactory return of function and improvement in symptoms. All patients in this study had improved laxity of at least I grade. When compared with chronic reconstructions, acute reconstructions had statistically significant better ADLS and SAS scores. Level of Evidence: IV, case series. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Harner, CD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM harnercd@msx.upmc.edu NR 65 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1042 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2005.05.023 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 969YX UT WOS:000232273300015 PM 16171628 ER PT J AU Zehavi, I Zheng, Z Weinberg, DH Frieman, JA Berlind, AA Blanton, MR Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Strauss, MA Kayo, I Suto, Y Fukugita, M Nakamura, O Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Ivezic, E Knapp, GR Loveday, J Meiksin, A Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS York, DG AF Zehavi, I Zheng, Z Weinberg, DH Frieman, JA Berlind, AA Blanton, MR Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Strauss, MA Kayo, I Suto, Y Fukugita, M Nakamura, O Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Ivezic, E Knapp, GR Loveday, J Meiksin, A Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The luminosity and color dependence of the galaxy correlation function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : halos; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; LARGE-SCALE BIAS; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; EARLY DATA RELEASE; REDSHIFT SURVEY; OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION AB We study the luminosity and color dependence of the galaxy two- point correlation function in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, starting from a sample of similar to 200,000 galaxies over 2500 deg(2). We concentrate our analysis on volume- limited subsamples of specified luminosity ranges, for which we measure the projected correlation function w(p)( r(p)), which is directly related to the real- space correlation function xi( r). The amplitude of wp( rp) rises continuously with luminosity from M-r approximate to 17.5 to M-r approximate to 22. 5, with the most rapid increase occurring above the characteristic luminosity L-* ( M-r approximate to 20: 5). Over the scales 0: 1 h (-1) Mpc < r(p) < 10 h (-1) Mpc, the measurements for samples with M-r > 22 can be approximated, imperfectly, by power- law three- dimensional correlation functions xi( r) ( r/r(0))(-gamma) with gamma approximate to 1: 8 and r(0)( L-*) approximate to 5: 0 h (-1) Mpc. The brightest subsample, - 23 < M-r < - 22, has a significantly steeper xi( r). When we divide samples by color, redder galaxies exhibit a higher amplitude and steeper correlation function at all luminosities. The correlation amplitude of blue galaxies increases continuously with luminosity, but the luminosity dependence for red galaxies is less regular, with bright red galaxies exhibiting the strongest clustering at large scales and faint red galaxies exhibiting the strongest clustering at small scales. We interpret these results using halo occupation distribution ( HOD) models assuming concordance cosmological parameters. For most samples, an HOD model with two adjustable parameters fits the wp( rp) data better than a power law, explaining inflections at r(p) similar to 1 -3 h (-1) Mpc as the transition between the one- halo and two- halo regimes of xi( r). The implied minimum mass for a halo hosting a central galaxy more luminous than L grows steadily, with M-min proportional to L at low luminosities and a steeper dependence above L-*. The mass at which a halo has, on average, one satellite galaxy brighter than L is M-1 approximate to 23M(min)( L), at all luminosities. These results imply a conditional luminosity function ( at fixed halo mass) in which central galaxies lie far above a Schechter function extrapolation of the satellite population. The HOD model fits nicely explain the color dependence of wp( rp) and the cross correlation between red and blue galaxies. For galaxies with Mr < -21, halos slightly above M-min have blue central galaxies, while more massive halos have red central galaxies and predominantly red satellite populations. The fraction of blue central galaxies increases steadily with decreasing luminosity and host halo mass. The strong clustering of faint red galaxies follows from the fact that nearly all of them are satellite systems in high- mass halos. The HOD fitting results are in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of numerical and semianalytic models of galaxy formation. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Kayo, Issha/A-4389-2011; OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 142 TC 474 Z9 476 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 630 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1086/431891 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958JD UT WOS:000231439700001 ER PT J AU Becker, PA Wolff, MT AF Becker, PA Wolff, MT TI Spectral formation in X-ray pulsars: Bulk comptonization in the accretion shock SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : analytical; pulsars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; shock waves; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; RADIATION-DOMINATED SHOCK; MAGNETIZED NEUTRON STARS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; HIGH-ENERGY SPECTRA; BLACK-HOLES; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; MILLISECOND PULSAR; FERMI ACCELERATION; TRANSFER EQUATION AB Accretion-powered X-ray pulsars are among the most luminous X-ray sources in the Galaxy. However, despite decades of theoretical and observational work since their discovery, no satisfactory model for the formation of the observed X-ray spectra has emerged. In particular, the previously available theories are unable to reproduce the power-law variation observed at high energies in many sources. In this paper we present the first self-consistent calculation of the spectrum emerging from a pulsar accretion column that includes an explicit treatment of the energization occurring in the shock. Using a rigorous eigenfunction expansion method based on the exact dynamical solution for the velocity profile in the column, we obtain a closed-form expression for the Green's function describing the upscattering of radiation injected into the column from a monochromatic source located at the top of the thermal mound, near the base of the flow. The Green's function is convolved with a Planck distribution to calculate the radiation spectrum resulting from the reprocessing of blackbody photons emitted by the thermal mound. We demonstrate that the energization of the photons in the shock naturally produces an X-ray spectrum with a power-law shape at high energies and a blackbody shape at low energies, in agreement with many observations of accreting X-ray pulsars. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Becker, PA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pbecker@gmu.edu; michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 630 IS 1 BP 465 EP 488 DI 10.1086/431720 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958JD UT WOS:000231439700036 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, S Vlemmings, WHT Brisken, WF Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM Goss, WM Thorsett, SE Fomalont, EB Lyne, AG Kramer, M AF Chatterjee, S Vlemmings, WHT Brisken, WF Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM Goss, WM Thorsett, SE Fomalont, EB Lyne, AG Kramer, M TI Getting its kicks: A VLBA parallax for the hyperfast pulsar B1508+55 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars : individual (B1508+55); stars : kinematics; stars : neutron ID NEUTRON-STAR KICKS; RADIO PULSARS; CYGNUS SUPERBUBBLE; SPACE VELOCITIES; ORIGIN; RADIATION; PROGENITORS; COLLAPSE; MOTIONS; SYSTEMS AB The highest velocity neutron stars establish stringent constraints on natal kicks, asymmetries in supernova core collapse, and the evolution of close binary systems. Here we present the first results of a long-term pulsar astrometry program using the VLBA. We measure a proper motion and parallax for the pulsar B1508+55, leading to model-independent estimates of its distance (2.37(-0.20)(+0.23) kpc) and transverse velocity (1083(-90)(+103) km s(-1)), the highest to velocity directly measured for a neutron star. We trace the pulsar back from its present Galactic latitude of 52 degrees.3 to a birth site in the Galactic plane near the Cyg OB associations, and find that it will inevitably escape the Galaxy. Binary disruption alone is insufficient to impart the required birth velocity, and a natal kick is indicated. A composite scenario including a large kick along with binary disruption can plausibly account for the high velocity. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM schatterjee@cfa.harvard.edu OI /0000-0002-2700-9916 NR 38 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 630 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/491701 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958JG UT WOS:000231440000016 ER PT J AU Pisano, DJ Koo, DC Willmer, CNA Noeske, KG Phillips, AC AF Pisano, DJ Koo, DC Willmer, CNA Noeske, KG Phillips, AC TI HI observations of SA 68-6597: The faintest blue compact dwarf galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : ISM ID EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES; I ZW 18; STAR-FORMATION; VIRGO-CLUSTER; KINEMATICS; INTERMEDIATE; SPECTROMETER; COUNTERPARTS; TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT AB Blue compact dwarf galaxies ( BCDs) are faint (M-B <= -17 mag), compact (R < 1 kpc), and at least qualitatively very blue galaxies, due to active star formation, and have low metallicities. Found serendipitously as part of a redshift survey of faint galaxies with the Keck Telescope ( DEEP), SA 68- 6597 is at a distance of 80 Mpc, and is one of the faintest ( - 12.4 mag), lowest metallicity (similar to 0.05 Z(circle dot),) BCDs known. Its H beta line width of sigma = 27 km s (-1) and small size,R-eff similar to 190 pc, suggest that it is an extremely low mass galaxy. We have used the Arecibo telescope to measure R similar to 190 the H (I) properties of SA 68- 6597 in order to better constrain its total mass and its potential for future star formation. SA 68- 6597 has a M-HI =(1.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(7) M-circle dot and H I FWHM line width of 33 (+60)(-12) Combining the H (I) width with an estimate of the size of H (I) disk, we derive M-dyn greater than or similar to 3 x 10(7) M circle dot. The values M-HI /L-B = 1.0 +/- 0.3 M-circle dot/L-circle dot, M-dyn /L-B > 2 M-circle dot/ L-circle dot and M-HI/M-dyn <= 0.47 are typical for BCDs. Combining the measured star formation 0.3M(circle dot) yr(-1)with the H (I) mass, we derive a gas depletion timescale of 5 +/- 2 Gyr. While SA 68-6597 is a fainter, lower mass, higher metalicity counterpart to other BCDs like I Zw 18 and SBS 0335-052, its H (I) properties suggest that it will not evolve dramaticaly in the near future. Given the limits on its gaseous and dynamical masses, SA 68-6597 may be able to evolve into a moderately massive dwarf spheroidal galaxy. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Pisano, DJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pisano@nrl.navy.mil; koo@ucolick.org; cnaw@ucolick.org; kai@ucolick.org; phillips@ucolick.org OI Koo, David/0000-0003-3385-6799 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 630 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/491645 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958JG UT WOS:000231440000007 ER PT J AU Landi, E Phillips, KJH AF Landi, E Phillips, KJH TI Spectral atlas of X-ray lines emitted during solar flares based on Chianti SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE line : identification; plasmas; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; MAXIMUM-MISSION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IONS; DIAGNOSTICS; IRON; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION AB A spectral atlas of X-ray lines in the wavelength range 7.47-18.97 angstrom is presented, based on high-resolution spectra obtained during two M-class solar flares ( on 1980 August 25 and 1985 July 2) with the Flat Crystal Spectrometer on board the Solar Maximum Mission. The physical properties of the flaring plasmas are derived as a function of time using strong, unblended lines. From these properties, predicted spectra using the CHIANTI database have been obtained, which were then compared with wavelengths and fluxes of lines in the observed spectra to establish line identifications. Identifications for nearly all the observed lines in the resulting atlas are given, with some significant corrections to previous analyses of these flare spectra. Line ratios allowed us to determine temperature and density; in the 1985 July 2 flare, very high densities (N-e similar or equal to 10(13) cm(-3)) were measured. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 160 IS 1 BP 286 EP 311 DI 10.1086/431953 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958LY UT WOS:000231451000013 ER PT J AU Rice, GM Moore, JL AF Rice, GM Moore, JL TI Type II decompression sickness in naval hypobaric chambers: A case of mistaken identity? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE altitude DCS; paresthesia; aviation injuries ID GROUND-LEVEL OXYGEN; DYSBARISM AB Introduction: Historically, U.S. Navy clinicians have used the U.S. Navy Dive Manual for guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries incurred during hyper- or hypobaric operations. Based on this manual, paresthesias are considered to be central nervous system manifestations and thus are classified as Type 11 (severe) decompression sickness (DCS). Yet given the highly successful response to treatment of peripheral nervous system manifestations of DCS in the literature, both the diving and aviation communities have questioned its classification as "severe" DCS. This record review was undertaken to examine U.S. Naval severe cases of altitude DCS with the goal of identifying dissimilarities between hypobaric facilities in classification and incidence. Methods: Hypobaric exposures and cases were reviewed from quarterly training reports maintained at the Naval Operational Medicine Institute Pensacola, FL, between January 1993 and April 2004. Cases were analyzed for age, gender, flight profile, symptom complex, type of DCS, and treatment provided. Results: There were 50,355 hypobaric exposures resulting in 97 cases of altitude DCS. Of the 97 cases of diagnosed DCS, 58 were classified as Type II, while 39 were Type I. Of the 58 cases of Type II DCS, 29 were diagnosed as Type II by the sole finding of non-dermatomal paresthesias. Discussion: Type II DCS, a designation traditionally reserved for severe DCS, is frequently diagnosed by the sole finding of non-dermatomal paresthesias in Naval hypobaric training. A review and revision of the U.S. Naval Aviation classification system for altitude DCS should be undertaken with emphasis on severity not symptomatology. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Biomed Dept, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Rice, GM (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Biomed Dept, 28 Fred Bauer Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM gmrice0622@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 76 IS 9 BP 841 EP 846 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 962XZ UT WOS:000231768100004 PM 16173680 ER PT J AU Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Hurt, W Zirax, J AF Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Hurt, W Zirax, J TI Empirical and theoretical dosimetry in support of whole body radio frequency (RF) exposure in seated human volunteers at 220 MHz SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE resonance; E field; H field; field scans; specific absorption rate (SAR); finite difference time domain (FDTD) ID THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; SAR AB This study reports the dosimetry performed to support an experiment that measured physiological responses of seated volunteer human subjects exposed to 220 MHz fields. Exposures were performed in an anechoic chamber which was designed to provide uniform fields for frequencies of 100 MHz or greater. A vertical half-wave dipole with a 90 degrees reflector was used to optimize the field at the subject's location. The vertically polarized E field was incident on the dorsal side of the phantoms and human volunteers. The dosimetry plan required measurement of stationary probe drift, field strengths as a function of distance, electric and magnetic field maps at 200,225, and 250 cm from the dipole antenna, and specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements using a human phantom, as well as theoretical predictions of SAR with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A NBS (National Bureau of Standards, now NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO) 10 cm loop antenna was positioned 150 cm to the right, 100 cm above and 60 cm behind the subject (toward the transmitting antenna) and was read prior to each subject's exposure and at 5 min intervals during all RF exposures. Transmitter stability was determined by measuring plate voltage, plate current, screen voltage and grid voltage for the driver and final amplifiers before and at 5 min intervals throughout the RF exposures. These dosimetry measurements assured accurate and consistent exposures. FDTD calculations were used to determine SAR distribution in a seated human subject. This study reports the necessary dosimetry to precisely control exposure levels for studies of the physiological consequences of human volunteer exposures to 220 MHz. C1 Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Hamden, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Allen, SJ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Engn Serv, POB 35505, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM stewart.allen.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1002/bem.20101 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 961LC UT WOS:000231662900002 PM 15931686 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Blick, DW Allen, SJ Mylacraine, KS Ziriax, JM Scholl, DM AF Adair, ER Blick, DW Allen, SJ Mylacraine, KS Ziriax, JM Scholl, DM TI Thermophysiological responses of human volunteers to whole body RF exposure at 220 MHz SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; body temperatures; sweating; thermal sensation; resonant frequency; deep thermosensors ID EVOKED WARMTH SENSATIONS; HUMAN-SKIN NERVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; THEORETICAL DOSIMETRY; TEMPERATURE; THRESHOLDS; SUPPORT; REGION; MODEL; UNITS AB Since 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24-63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures to 220 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy. Three power densities (PD = 9, 12, and 15 mW/cm(2) [1 mW/cm(2) = 10 W/m(2)], whole body average normalized specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.045 [W/kg]/[mW/cm(2)] = 0.0045 [W/kgl/ [W/m(2)]) were tested at each of three ambient temperatures (Ta = 24,28, and 31 degrees C) plus Ta controls (no RF). Measured responses included esophageal (Tesoph) and seven skin temperatures (T(sk), metabolic rate (M), local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow (SkBF). Derived measures included heart rate (HR), respiration rate, and total evaporative water loss (EWL). Finite difference-time domain (FDTD) modeling of a seated 70 kg human exposed to 220 MHz predicted six localized 'hot spots' at which local temperatures were also measured. No changes in M occurred under any test condition, while T(esoph) showed small changes (< 0.35 degrees C) but never exceeded 37.3 degrees C. As with similar exposures at 100 MHz, local Tsk changed little and modest increases in SkBF were recorded. At 220 MHz, vigorous 2 sweating occurred at PD = 12 and 15 mW/cm, with sweating levels higher than those observed for equivalent PD at 100 MHz. Predicted 'hot spots' were confirmed by local temperature measurements. The FDTD model showed the local SAR in deep neural tissues that harbor temperature- sensitive neurons (e.g., brainstem, spinal cord) to be greater at 220 than at 100 MHz. Human exposure at both 220 and 100 MHz results in far less skin heating than occurs during exposure at 450 MHz. However, the exposed subjects thermoregulate efficiently because of increased heat loss responses, particularly sweating. It is clear that these responses are controlled by neural signals from thermosensors deep in the brainstem and spinal cord, rather than those in the skin. C1 USAF, Hamden, CT USA. Adv Engn Informat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), 50 Deepwood Dr, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. EM eadair@comcast.net NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 448 EP 461 DI 10.1002/bem.20105 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 961LC UT WOS:000231662900003 PM 15906370 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Morris, DP Moses, CO Osburn, CL AF Maloney, KO Morris, DP Moses, CO Osburn, CL TI The role of iron and dissolved organic carbon in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in humic lake water SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anoxia; dissolved organic carbon (DOC); hypolimnion; iron (Fe); sediment; temperate lake; UVR absorbance ID PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; MATTER; UV; LIGHT; IRRADIATION; OXIDATION; ACIDS; DOC AB Absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in aquatic ecosystems is primarily controlled by dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The role of iron ( Fe) has also been suggested to contribute to UVR attenuation either directly or by interactions with DOC. Here we present findings from three laboratory manipulations of Fe and DOC on changes to the dissolved UVR absorption ( ad, 320) in a mid-latitude, dimictic, humic lake. In a laboratory simulation of lake turnover where anoxic, hypolimnetic water was oxygenated a(d,320) significantly increased from 23.3 to 81.7 m(-1) ( p< 0.0001). In a second laboratory experiment, addition of ferrous Fe to deoxygenated lake water increased a(d,320) upon reoxygenation up to a concentration of 1.0 mg l(-1) Fe, where a solubility saturation threshold may have been reached. In situ lake experiments were designed to ,simulate release of UV absorbing substances from anoxic sediments by placing 20-l carboys ( open at the bottom, sealed at the top) onto the lake bottom. UV absorption at 320 nm increased over time for samples from within the experimental carboys. Finally, samples from several lake profiles and sediment experiments were analyzed for a(d,320), total Fe, and DOC. UV absorption of dissolved substances at 320 nm and total Fe concentration both increased with depth, however DOC remained relatively constant over depth. Furthermore, total Fe and spectral slope showed tight coupling up to 1 mg l(-1) total Fe in our survey analysis. Our results provide evidence for the importance of anoxic sediments as a source of ferrous iron and UV absorbing substances and suggest a role for ferric iron in increasing UVR and PAR absorption in lake water. We suggest that as this ferrous Fe oxidizes, its absorptive properties increase, and it may bind with dissolved organic matter, enabling it to remain in solution and thus increasing the dissolved absorption of lake water for extended periods of time. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Code 6114, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cosburn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2005 VL 75 IS 3 BP 393 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1675-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OM UT WOS:000233242000002 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Wang, SP Doyle, JD Schmidt, JM AF Golaz, JC Wang, SP Doyle, JD Schmidt, JM TI COAMPS (R)-LES: Model evaluation and analysis of second- and third-moment vertical velocity budgets SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cumulus; large-eddy simulation; moments; stratocumulus; turbulence budgets ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; NONLINEAR RENORMALIZATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; ADVECTIVE FLUXES; PART I; STRATOCUMULUS; CLOUDS; REPRESENTATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R)) has been extended to perform as a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. It has been validated with a series of boundary-layer experiments spanning a range of cloud nighttime, and includes a nighttime stratocumulus case, a trade wind cumulus layer, shallow cumulus convection over land, and a mixed regime consisting of cumulus clouds under broken stratocumulus. COAMPS-LES results are in good agreement with other models for all the cases simulated. Exact numerical budgets for the vertical velocity second (over bar(w'(2))) and third moment (over bar(w'(3))) have been derived for the stratocumulus and trade wind cumulus cases. For the over bar(w'(3)) budget in the stratocumulus, the buoyancy contribution from the updraughts and downdraughts largely cancel each other due to their similar magnitudes but opposite signs. In contrast, for the cumulus layer, the negative buoyancy contribution from the environmental downdraughts is negligible and the positive contribution from the updraughts completely dominates due to the conditional instability in the environment. As a result, over bar(w'(3)) is significantly larger in the cumulus than in the stratocumulus layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM golaz@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 487 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-7300-5 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 980RK UT WOS:000233035700006 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Multiple time scale chaos in a Schmitt trigger circuit SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID L-DIODE CIRCUIT; BEHAVIOR; OSCILLATOR; ATTRACTORS; SYSTEMS AB It is known that stray radio frequency signals can produce nonlinear effects that disrupt the operation of circuits, but the mechanisms by which this disruption occurs are not well known. In this paper, an emitter coupled Schmitt trigger circuit is driven with a high-frequency signal to look for disruptive effects. As the circuit makes a transition between mode locked states (period 2 and period 3, for example), there is a region of chaos in which the largest peak in the power spectrum is in between the mode-locked frequencies, and is not related to the driving frequency by an integer multiple. This chaos resembles the chaos seen during a period adding sequence, except that it contains frequencies ranging over many orders of magnitude, from the driving frequencies on the order of megahertz, down to a few hertz. It is found that only a one-transistor circuit is necessary to produce this extremely broadband chaos, and true quasiperiodicity is not seen in this circuit. The single-transistor circuit is then simulated to confirm the frequency conversion effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 AR 033104 DI 10.1063/1.1984768 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 976HL UT WOS:000232723900004 PM 16252978 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Bistability in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor inverter circuit SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID L-DIODE CIRCUIT; CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR; OSCILLATOR AB Radiofrequency signals can disrupt the operation of low frequency circuits. A digital inverter circuit would seem to be immune to such disruption, because its output state usually jumps abruptly between 0 and 5 V. Nevertheless, when driven with a high frequency signal, the inverter can have two coexisting stable states (which are not at 0 and 5 V). Slow switching between these states (by changing the rf signal) will produce a low frequency signal. I demonstrate the bistability in a circuit experiment and in a simple model of the circuit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.l.carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.1979213 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 976HL UT WOS:000232723900003 PM 16252977 ER PT J AU Reddell, NF Bollt, EM Welch, TB AF Reddell, NF Bollt, EM Welch, TB TI A dual-synchrony chaotic communication scheme SO CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE chaos communication; synchronization; Lorenz; dual synchrony; DSP; chaos control ID SYSTEMS AB We demonstrate here a new dual receiver synchronization scheme that works because we are able to store samples over an entire bit period and then perform an intelligent comparison by methods we introduce. We discuss advantages for message camouflage of transmissions near the noise floor. Our results show better bit error probability performance in comparison to previously published methods. This represents a significantly different and promising new way to use chaotic transmitters to advantageously transmit designed signals. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Reddell, NF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0278-081X J9 CIRC SYST SIGNAL PR JI Circuits Syst. Signal Process. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s00034-005-2407-6 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 988GR UT WOS:000233581300008 ER PT J AU Sammons, MT AF Sammons, MT TI Late-life depression: Detection, risk reduction, and somatic intervention: Commentary on Delano-Wood and Abeles SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE ECT; antidepressants; late-life depression ID ECT AB Somatic interventions such as antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have the potential to produce dramatic, potentially life-saving, responses in elderly patients suffering from depression. At the same time, the body of systematically collected evidence supporting the use of such interventions in geriatric populations is not robust and may not be sufficient to adequately guide clinicians regarding their use. In light of the greater. risks associated with somatic treatments in the elderly vis-a-vis younger populations, clinicians suggesting the application of somatic interventions for late-life depression should be aware of the limitations to the data and should recommend these interventions with caution. To maximize effectiveness, somatic interventions should be incorporated into a comprehensive psychosocial treatment plan. C1 USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. RP Sammons, MT (reprint author), USN, Bur Med & Surg, Code M36,2300 E St NW, Washington, DC 20372 USA. EM msammons@mindspring.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0969-5893 J9 CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR JI Clin. Psychol.-Sci. Pract. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1093/clipsy/bpi035 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 955KG UT WOS:000231224200003 ER PT J AU Vu, T AF Vu, T TI Workers and the socialist state: North Vietnam's state - labor relations, 1945-1970 SO COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST STUDIES LA English DT Review DE workers; socialist state; Vietnam; state-labor relations; labor politics AB Based on archival sources, this paper examines North Vietnam's labor regimes during 1945-1970. Soviet and Chinese models are found to be influential there up to the late 1950s. An early emphasis on labor mobilization was gradually replaced by a concern for control to increase economic efficiency and to cope with pressures from workers. As in the Soviet Union and China, a hierarchy based on political criteria was created in the workplace but the state failed to motivate workers to work hard despite intense political campaigns and propaganda. Productivity and labor discipline declined in the 1960s while collusion between state enterprises and the informal sector to steal state resources was widespread. Similar to their counterparts in other socialist states, Vietnamese workers were assertive and able to evade state demands and control. They depended on the state for their food and clothes but the state was not able to count on them for quality labor. The failure of the Vietnamese state seemed to speak not only to workers' ingenious strategies for survival but also to the inherent limit of Stalinist regimes in creating compliance. (c) 2005 The Regents of the University of California. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Sch Int Grad Studies, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Vu, T (reprint author), USN, Sch Int Grad Studies, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thvu@nps.edu NR 117 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-067X J9 COMMUNIS POST-COMMUN JI Communist Post-Communist Stud. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 329 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2005.06.004 PG 28 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 972JK UT WOS:000232449900003 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, B TI P-stable symmetric super-implicit methods for periodic initial value problems SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE super-implicit; initial value problems; P-stability; cowell; picard iteration ID NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; DYNAMICAL MOTIONS; MULTISTEP METHODS; OBRECHKOFF AB The idea of super-implicit methods (requiring not just past and present but also future values) was suggested by Fukushima recently. Here, we construct P-stable super-implicit methods for the solution of second-order initial value problems. The benefit of such methods is realized when using vector or parallel computers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@mail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.04.013 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 972MA UT WOS:000232456700005 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Smirnov, M Pankratov, M Altshuler, G AF Ross, EV Smirnov, M Pankratov, M Altshuler, G TI Intense pulsed light and laser treatment of facial telangiectasias and dyspigmentation: Some theoretical and practical comparisons SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS BLOOD-VESSELS; PORT-WINE STAIN; DYE-LASER; SOLAR LENTIGINES; SKIN; REJUVENATION; THERAPY; PHOTOREJUVENATION; PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; ALEXANDRITE AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. A comparative overview is presented, both theoretical and clinical, for intense pulsed light (IPL) and laser treatment of facial telangiectasias and pigmented lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A narrative approach describes light penetration into the epidermis, dermis, dermal-epidermal junction, and facial ectasias. Based on mathematical models, we examine some temperature profiles for monochromatic and broadband light sources. Specifically, temperature elevations of representative vascular targets are discussed. Also, clinical scenarios are reviewed for both IPL and laser. Although multiple monochromatic devices are reviewed, only the 532 and 595 nm wavelengths are emphasized. RESULTS. In theory, an IPL can be filtered to simulate 532 and 595 nm laser light in the treatment of telangiectasias and dyschromias. In comparing our experiences with the different devices, all three (IPL, 532 nm laser, and 595 nm laser) are capable of achieving a reduction in ectasias and hyperpigmented macules. CONCLUSIONS. With an optimal set of parameters, IPLs and lasers are comparable in the treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions with respect to treatment efficiency and safety. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Palomar Med Technol, Burlington, MA USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evross@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 45 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1188 EP 1198 PN 2 PG 11 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 982AU UT WOS:000233129900005 PM 16176770 ER PT J AU Annis, DH Craig, BA AF Annis, DH Craig, BA TI The effect of interlaboratory variability on antimicrobial susceptibility determination SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE interlaboratory variability; antimicrobial susceptibility determination; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus AB In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test literature, discussion concerning the effect of laboratory-to-laboratory variation is lacking. We present 2 sets of drug dilution test quality control data that illustrate considerable laboratory differences in measured MIC. In both isolates (Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922; Staphvlococcus aureus, ATCC 29213) the laboratory-to-laboratory variability accounts for approximately half of the total variability. We illustrate the impact of this variability on the probability of correctly classifying the susceptibility level of an isolate and on the estimation of resistance prevalence. For example, we show that laboratory differences in the probability of correctly classifying the isolate (specifically near the lower breakpoint) can vary LIP to 80%. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Annis, DH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM annis@nps.edu RI Craig, Bruce/D-5797-2017 OI Craig, Bruce/0000-0001-9346-467X NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.diagnicrobio.2005.03.012 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 975SY UT WOS:000232683400010 PM 16182077 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Sangkasuwan, V Lerdthusnee, K Sukwit, S Chuenchitra, T Rozmajzl, PJ Eamsila, C Jones, JW Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Sangkasuwan, V Lerdthusnee, K Sukwit, S Chuenchitra, T Rozmajzl, PJ Eamsila, C Jones, JW Richards, AL TI Human infection with Rickettsia honei, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; MYANMAR BORDER; SCRUB TYPHUS; MURINE AB Human spotted fever rickettsiosis was detected molecularly by 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays performed on DNA extracted from a Thai patient's serum sample. Sequences of PCR amplicons from 5 rickettsial genes used for multilocus sequence typing were 100% identical with those deposited with GenBank for Rickettsia honei TT- 118. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Royal Thai Army, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. USA Component, USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1475 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400029 PM 16229787 ER PT J AU Artigiani, R AF Artigiani, R TI Leadership and uncertainty: complexity and the lessons of history SO FUTURES LA English DT Article AB Problems faced by military leaders will be used to evaluate techniques for dealing with the limits of knowledge. A survey of recent scientific developments will establish that knowledge is limited in principle, and historical examples for coping with limited knowledge in practice will then be analyzed. The convergence between the science of complexity and successful cases of social evolution indicates that the limits of knowledge extend the frontiers of understanding. Concluding sections will briefly explore some ethical implications potentially useful to political and social leaders. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Artigiani, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM artigian@usna.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-3287 J9 FUTURES JI Futures PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 7 BP 585 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.futures.2004.11.002 PG 19 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 941ZE UT WOS:000230251900002 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Peterson, KA Park, C Vella, J AF Dutta, I Peterson, KA Park, C Vella, J TI Modeling of interfacial sliding and film crawling in back-end structures of microelectronic devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, CPMT, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, 50th ECTC, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE back-end structure; Cu interconnects; interfacial sliding; low-K dielectric (LKD); plasticity; thermo-mechanical cycling ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; THIN-FILM; AL; STRESS; CREEP AB The fine-scale of interconnect structures in the back-end of modern microelectronic devices makes them susceptible to unusual, scale-sensitive deformation phenomena during processing or service because of internal stresses induced by thermal expansion mismatch between adjoining materials. During thermo-mechanical cycling associated with processing or service, dimensional changes may occur in Cu interconnect lines embedded in a low-K dielectric (LKD) due to plasticity/creep, strain incompatibilities may arise between Cu and LKD due to diffusionally accommodated interfacial sliding, and Cu lines may crawl or migrate via plastic deformation and interfacial sliding under far-field shear stresses imposed by the package. Although small, these effects can have a pronounced effect on component reliability. This paper presents shear-lag based modeling approaches to simulate out-of-plane (OOP) strain incompatibilities which arise within a single-layer Cu-LKD back-end structure (BES) during back-end processing, and in-plane (IP) deformation and migration of Cu interconnects within the BES after the chip is attached to a flip-chip package. Both models incorporate a previously developed constitutive interfacial sliding law, and help rationalize experimentally observed interfacial strain incompatibilities within Cu-LKD BES. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Groton, CT 06340 USA. PALAZ, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 397 EP 407 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2005.853588 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 960GG UT WOS:000231577700003 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Sasao, T Matsuura, M AF Butler, JT Sasao, T Matsuura, M TI Average path length of binary decision diagrams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE binary decision diagrams; BDD; average path length; APL; worst-case path length ID BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; ALGORITHMS; TREES AB The traditional problem in binary decision diagrams (BDDs) has been to minimize the number of nodes since this reduces the memory needed to store the BDD. Recently, a new problem has emerged: minimizing the average path length (APL). APL is a measure of the time needed to evaluate the function by applying a sequence of variable values. It is of special significance when BDDs are used in simulation and design verification. A main result of this paper is that the APL for benchmark functions is typically much smaller than for random functions. That is, for the set of all functions, we show that the average APL is close to the maximum path length, whereas benchmark functions show a remarkably small APL. Surprisingly, however, typical functions do not achieve the absolute maximum APL. We show that the parity functions are unique in having that distinction. We show that the APL of a BDD can vary considerably with variable ordering. We derive the APL for various functions, including the AND, OR, threshold, Achilles' heel, and certain arithmetic functions. We show that the unate cascade functions uniquely achieve the absolute minimum APL. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code ECBu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jbutler@nps.navy.mil; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; matsuura@cse.kyutech.ac.jp RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1053 DI 10.1109/TC.2005.137 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 945IQ UT WOS:000230496600001 ER PT J AU Mahajan, B Jani, D Chattopadhyay, R Nagarkatti, R Zheng, H Majam, V Weiss, W Kumar, S Rathore, D AF Mahajan, B Jani, D Chattopadhyay, R Nagarkatti, R Zheng, H Majam, V Weiss, W Kumar, S Rathore, D TI Identification, cloning, expression, and characterization of the gene for Plasmodium knowlesi surface protein containing an altered thrombospondin repeat domain SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MALARIAL CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; MELANOMA CELL-ADHESION; FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITES; INHIBITORY ANTIBODIES; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; BINDING PEPTIDES; HEPARIN-BINDING; GENOME SEQUENCE; BLOOD-STAGE AB Proteins present on the surface of malaria parasites that participate in the process of invasion and adhesion to host cells are considered attractive vaccine targets. Aided by the availability of the partially completed genome sequence of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, we have identified a 786-bp DNA sequence that encodes a 262-amino-acid-long protein, containing an altered version of the thrombospondin type I repeat domain (SPATR). Thrombospondin type 1 repeat domains participate in biologically diverse functions, such as cell attachment, mobility, proliferation, and extracellular protease activities. The SPATR from P. knowlesi (PkSPATR) shares 61% and 58% sequence identity with its Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii orthologs, respectively. By immunofluorescence analysis, we determined that PkSPATR is a multistage antigen that is expressed on the surface of P. knowlesi sporozoite and erythrocytic stage parasites. Recombinant PkSPATR produced in Escherichia coli binds to a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, suggesting that PkSPATR is a parasite ligand that could be involved in sporozoite invasion of liver cells. Furthermore, recombinant PkSPATR reacted with pooled sera from P. knowlesi-infected rhesus monkeys, indicating that native PkSPATR is immunogenic during infection. Further efficacy evaluation studies in the P. knowlesi-rhesus monkey sporozoite challenge model will help to decide whether the SPATR molecule should be developed as a vaccine against human malarias. C1 US FDA, Bact & Parasit Dis Sect, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Off Blood Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), US FDA, Bact & Parasit Dis Sect, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Off Blood Res & Review, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM kumars@cber.fda.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 9 BP 5402 EP 5409 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.9.5402.5409.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 958PK UT WOS:000231460000013 PM 16113256 ER PT J AU Lyke, KE Burges, RB Cissoko, Y Sangare, L Kone, A Dao, M Diarra, I Fernandez-Vina, MA Plowe, CV Doumbo, OK Sztein, MB AF Lyke, KE Burges, RB Cissoko, Y Sangare, L Kone, A Dao, M Diarra, I Fernandez-Vina, MA Plowe, CV Doumbo, OK Sztein, MB TI HLA-A2 supertype-restricted cell-mediated immunity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from Malian children with severe or uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and healthy controls SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EPITOPES; VACCINE; RESPONSES; ANTIGEN; ALLELES; VOLUNTEERS AB Understanding HLA-restricted adaptive host immunity to defined epitopes of malarial antigens may be required for the development of successful malaria vaccines. Fourteen epitopes of preerythrocytic malarial antigens known to mediate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against target cells expressing HLA-A2-restricted epitopes were synthesized and pooled based on antigen: thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP), circumsporozoite protein (CSP), and export protein 1 (Exp-1) peptides. HLA-A2 supertype (*0201, *0202, *0205, *6802) peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 774 Malian children, aged 3 months to 14 years, with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria matched to uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls were stimulated with the HLA-A2-restricted peptide pools. Significant gamma interferon production, determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay to at least one of the three peptide pools, was observed in 24/58 (41%) of the severe malaria cases, 24/57 (42%) of the uncomplicated malaria cases, and 34/51 (67%) of the healthy controls. Significant lymphoproliferation to these peptides was observed in 12/44 (27%) of the severe malaria cases, 13/55 (24%) of the uncomplicated malaria cases, and 18/50 (36%) of the healthy controls. Responses to individual peptide pools were limited. These studies confirm the presence of adaptive cell-mediated immunity to preerythrocytic malaria antigens in volunteers from Mali and demonstrate that suballeles of the HLA-A2 supertype can effectively present antigenic epitopes. However, whether these immune responses to TRAP, CSP, and Exp-1 malarial proteins play a substantial role in protection remains a matter of controversy. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Parasit Dis, Fac Med Pham & Dent, Bamako, Mali. Georgetown Univ, USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Dept Def Marrow Program, Kensington, MD USA. RP Sztein, MB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sch Med, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 1 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM msztein@medicine.umaryland.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 9 BP 5799 EP 5808 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.9.5799-5808.2005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 958PK UT WOS:000231460000055 PM 16113298 ER PT J AU Barlow, JG AF Barlow, Jeffrey G. TI With utmost spirit: Allied naval operations in the Mediterranean, 1942-1945. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Barlow, JG (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 082JF UT WOS:000240382000116 ER PT J AU Gleeson, T Petersen, K Mascola, J AF Gleeson, T Petersen, K Mascola, J TI Successful treatment of Acinetobacter meningitis with meropenem and rifampicin SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter DE nosocomial meningitis; post-neurosurgical meningitis; ventriculostomy ID BETA-LACTAMS; BAUMANNII; IMIPENEM; OUTBREAK; MODEL C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gleeson, T (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 56 IS 3 BP 602 EP 603 DI 10.1093/jac/dki274 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 961WL UT WOS:000231692400031 PM 16046467 ER PT J AU Karasik, M Mostovych, AN Lehmberg, RH Chan, Y Weaver, JL Obenschain, SP AF Karasik, M Mostovych, AN Lehmberg, RH Chan, Y Weaver, JL Obenschain, SP TI Measurements of low-level prepulse on Nike KrF laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUSION; PERFORMANCE; FACILITY; CONTRAST; DESIGN AB The krypton fluoride (KrF) laser is a leading candidate driver for inertial fusion energy. Some of the current fusion target designs call for targets with thin metallic coatings. These targets could be particularly susceptible to preheat by a low-level laser prepulse. Knowledge of the prepulse can be important in understanding and modeling the behavior of such targets. This paper presents measurements of low-level prepulse on target with the Nike KrF laser. Sources of prepulse are discussed and measurements are performed under several specific laser conditions in order to evaluate the relative contribution of these sources to the overall prepulse. Prepulse is found to be similar to 2x10(-7) from peak intensity for approximately 120 ns prior to the main laser pulse. Prepulse energy density on target is similar to 2 J/cm(2). The first laser amplifier in the time- and angle-multiplexed section of the laser is found to be the dominant source of prepulse. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karasik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karasik@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 AR 053101 DI 10.1063/1.2032619 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 964MQ UT WOS:000231885600001 ER PT J AU Li, H Mei, T Karunasiri, G Fan, WJ Zhang, DH Yoon, SF Yuan, KH AF Li, H Mei, T Karunasiri, G Fan, WJ Zhang, DH Yoon, SF Yuan, KH TI Growth of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs(111) quantum well infrared photodetector using solid source molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT; MULTIQUANTUM WELLS; GAAS (111)A; ALGAAS/GAAS; ABSORPTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSITION; DENSITY; BAND AB A p-type GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) was fabricated on a GaAs (111)A substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy using silicon as dopant. The same structure was also grown on a GaAs (100) wafer simultaneously to compare the material and structural properties. It was found that Si acts as a p-type dopant in the GaAs (111)A sample while it is n-type in the GaAs (100) counterpart. The growth rate was found to be appreciably enhanced for GaAs (111)A compared with that of GaAs (100) orientation, while the Al composition in the barriers was found to be 20% smaller for a (111) orientation which results in a smaller barrier height. A peak responsivity of 1 mA/W with a relatively wide wavelength response (Delta lambda/lambda(p)similar to 53%) was observed for the GaAs (111)A QWIP, mainly due to the location of the excited state far above the barrier. The photoresponse also showed a relatively strong normal incident absorption probably originating from the mixing of the conduction and valence Bloch states. The optimization of the quantum well parameters should further enhance the responsivity of this p-type QWIP with Si as dopant species. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM ETMei@ntu.edu.sg RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008; Fan, W. J./A-5078-2011 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X; Fan, W. J./0000-0003-2662-907X NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 AR 054905 DI 10.1063/1.2034652 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 964MQ UT WOS:000231885600077 ER PT J AU Phongikaroon, S Hoffmaster, R Judd, KP Smith, GB Handler, RA AF Phongikaroon, S Hoffmaster, R Judd, KP Smith, GB Handler, RA TI Effect of temperature on the surface tension of soluble and insoluble Surfactants of hydrodynamical importance SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; SEA GAS-EXCHANGE; MONOMOLECULAR FILMS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; WATER; AIR; EVAPORATION; MONOLAYERS; CONVECTION; INTERFACE AB The effect of temperature on the surface tension of soluble and insoluble surfactants was investigated at an air-water interface. Equilibrium surface tension measurements were performed using the Wilhelmy plate technique in which both temperature and concentration were varied systematically. Insoluble surfactants (oleyl alcohol and hemicyanine) and soluble surfactants (Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were used since they are commonly used in hydrodynamic experiments in which the effects of surfactants on free surface dynamics are studied. The principal result of this investigation is that the surface tension of the above-mentioned surfactants decreases linearly with temperature, independent of concentration, with the exception of oleyl alcohol whose surface tension becomes relatively independent of temperature above 23 degrees C. The adequacy of standard models for surfactant behavior in describing these data is considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phongikaroon, S (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 6118, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM supathorn.phongikaroon@inl.gov RI Smith, Geoff/A-6639-2012 OI Smith, Geoff/0000-0002-6985-2880 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1602 EP 1607 DI 10.1021/je050074w PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 964FH UT WOS:000231863700021 ER PT J AU Butt, T Russell, P Puleo, J Masselink, G AF Butt, T Russell, P Puleo, J Masselink, G TI The application of Bagnold-type sediment transport models in the swash zone SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE backwash; bore turbulence; shear stress; suspended sediment; uprush ID INFILTRATION-EXFILTRATION; SANDBAR MIGRATION; NATURAL BEACH; SHEET FLOW; SURF ZONES; SUSPENSION; TURBULENCE; PROFILE; LOAD AB Measurements of cross-shore velocity (u) at z=3 cm and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at z=1-33 cm were collected from the swash zones of gently sloping (Perranporth, UK) and steep (Sennen, UK) beaches, during morphodynamic conditions ranging from highly dissipative to almost reflective and breaker heights ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 m. Nine swash-zone data collection runs were used to compare the performance of simplified versions of Bagnold-type energetics sediment transport models on the two different beaches. Models originally designed for suspended load, where the sediment transport (I) is approximately proportional to u(4), showed no apparent improvement over those intended for bedload, where I proportional to u(3). It is suggested that the lowest SSC sensors could be measuring high concentrations in the sheet-flow layer, where previous laboratory results suggest a u(3) model is most appropriate. The overall performance of the model is better (average r(2)=76%) on the gently sloping beach than on the steep beach (average r(2)=49%). Modifications to account for processes, such as bore turbulence, may improve the model's performance, particularly on steep reflective beaches. C1 Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Russell, P (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM prussell@plymouth.ac.uk RI Masselink, Gerd/B-6743-2015 OI Masselink, Gerd/0000-0001-6079-7611 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 887 EP 895 DI 10.2112/04-0210.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 965NC UT WOS:000231956200003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD AF Nguyen, GD TI General algorithms for construction of broadcast and multicast trees with applications to wireless networks SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE arbitrary cost function; broadcast; multicast; tree; wireless networks AB In this paper, we introduce algorithms for constructing broadcasting and multicasting trees. These algorithms are general because they may be used for tree cost functions that are of arbitrary form. Thus, essentially the same algorithmic procedures are used for different tree cost functions. We evaluate the effectiveness of the general algorithms by applying them to different cost functions that are often used to model wired and wireless networks. Besides providing a unifying framework for dealing with many present and future tree-construction applications, these algorithms typically outperform some existing algorithms that are specifically designed for energy-aware wireless networks. These general algorithms perform well at the expense of higher computational complexity. They are centralized algorithms, requiring the full network information for tree construction. Thus, we also present variations of these general algorithms to yield other algorithms that have lower complexity and distributed implementation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngityen@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN INST COMMUNICATIONS SCIENCES (K I C S) PI SEOUL PA HYUNDAI KIRIM OFFICETEL 1504-6 SEOCHODONG 1330-18, SEOCHOKU, SEOUL 137-070, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-2370 J9 J COMMUN NETW-S KOR JI J. Commun. Netw. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 263 EP 277 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 972KR UT WOS:000232453200005 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG Farhat, C Fish, J AF Michopoulos, JG Farhat, C Fish, J TI Modeling and simulation of multiphysics systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PERIODIC HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; NONLOCAL DISPERSIVE MODEL; DATA-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENT; UNIFIED PROCEDURE; DEFORMABLE MEDIA; IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; WAVE-PROPAGATION AB A survey on the evolution of modeling and simulation (M&S) technologies related to multiphysics systems is presented. The concept of a context space for M&S is defined in terms of coexisting fields, domains of interaction, length scales, and computational technologies. Past and present efforts comprising this context space are described as well as their relationship to product development [i.e., efforts of ASME's Computer and Information in Engineering (CIE) division]. A retrospective of general procedures for developing multifield and multidomain formulations is elucidated for the case fluid-structure interaction pertaining to linear and nonlinear aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity as they mostly relate to aerospace applications. Multiscale methodologies and computational technologies associated with M&S generation follow. The evolution of computational and information technologies are also described as they relate to multiphysics M&S. Future potential trends associated with all of these areas conclude this work. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab,Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Mech & Aerosp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab,Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; cfarhat@stanford.edu; fishj@rpi.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 210 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 27 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 198 EP 213 DI 10.1115/1.2031269 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 966ZU UT WOS:000232062100005 ER PT J AU Kilian, JJ Gibson, GE AF Kilian, JJ Gibson, GE TI Construction litigation for the US Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1982-2002 SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Evaluation of construction claims history can provide an understanding of improvement opportunities in a capital projects portfolio. This study analyzed cases of construction litigation involving the U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) for the period of 1982-2002, extracted from the historical trial decision record of the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). The study provides trend data for all "first time" construction litigation cases brought before the Board over-the last 21 years and a total of 666 cases involving NAVFAC construction contracts were identified over this period. The characterization of these cases was accomplished through a review and tabulation of ASBCA identified "primary" causes and a subjective analysis of "root" causes from a random sample extracted from the total population. The random sample data set totals 30 cases and was taken from cases litigated in the last 10 years (1993-2002). Findings and recommendations based on root causes, including specific recommendations are provided for NAVFAC and practitioners in other organizations. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Civil Engineer Corp, Willow Grove, PA USA. RP Gibson, GE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, ECJ 5-208, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kilianjj@yahoo.com; egibson@mail.utexas.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2005 VL 131 IS 9 BP 945 EP 952 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:9(945) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 958ZT UT WOS:000231487400001 ER PT J AU Kim, JJ Singh, T AF Kim, JJ Singh, T TI Controller design for flexible systems with friction: Pulse amplitude control SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TIME-OPTIMAL CONTROL AB Accounting for friction is important when designing controllers for precision motion control systems. However, the presence of the friction and the flexibility in the system yields undesirable behaviors such as residual vibration and stick-slip oscillation near the reference value. In the proposed development, a pulse amplitude modulated controller with user-specified pulse width, is used to initiate the motion so as to permit the system to coast to the desired final position after the final pulse, with zero residual vibrations. The proposed technique is illustrated on the floating oscillator benchmark problem, where friction acts on the first mass. Numerical simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique. C1 USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kim, JJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jkil@nps.edu; tsingh@eng.buffalo.edu RI Singh, Tarunraj /K-8496-2013 OI Singh, Tarunraj /0000-0003-0377-6122 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2005 VL 127 IS 3 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.1115/1.1988341 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 967DJ UT WOS:000232071400004 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME AF Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME TI Investigation of three-step epilayer growth approach of GaN films to minimize compensation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; MOCVD; compensation ID DEVICES AB The heteroepitaxial growth of gallium nitride(GaN) films using three distinct growth steps is investigated in terms of improving the electrical properties of the layer. The first step involves the deposition of a fixed quality aluminum nitride(AIN) layer on an a-plane sapphire substrate. The second step is aimed at maximizing the GaN grain size initially grown on the AIN. The third step is aimed at optimizing the surface morphology of the GaN layer. The means of transitioning the growth between steps is investigated and an optimum transition method is reported. Growth parameters investigated include pressure, trimethylgallium molar flow rate, and ratio of group V to group III precursor molar flows. Carrier statistics show a lower level of compensation in films grown at a slower growth rate in the second step and a moderate rate in the third step. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.eddy@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1187 EP 1192 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0263-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 962ND UT WOS:000231738600001 ER PT J AU Sitzmann, ME Bichay, M Fronabarger, JW Williams, MD Sanborn, WB Gilardi, R AF Sitzmann, ME Bichay, M Fronabarger, JW Williams, MD Sanborn, WB Gilardi, R TI Hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan and its salts SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The synthesis and properties of hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan (5-nitro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazol-4-ol- 3,8-dioxide). (1) and its salts (four metal and three amine salts) are described. Crystal structure analyses indicate that the hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan materials can exist in two forms. One form is the isomer in which the oxy and nitro group are in positions ortho to each other. In the other form, these groups are para to each other. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fronabarger, JW (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1125 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 964HX UT WOS:000231871400013 ER PT J AU Singh, G Denoue, L Das, A AF Singh, G Denoue, L Das, A TI Collaborative note taking using PDAs SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (WMTE) CY MAR 23-25, 2004 CL Jungli, TAIWAN SP IEEE Learning Technol Task Force, IEEE Comp Soc DE personal digital assistants (PDAs); handheld devices; collaboration; note-taking; text entry on PDAs; student collaboration AB Collaborative note taking enables students in a class to take notes on their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and laptops and share them with their "study group" in real-time. Students also receive instructor's slides in real-time as they are displayed by the instructor. As the individual members of the group take notes pertaining to the slide being presented, their notes are automatically sent to all members of the group. The system has been used in actual practice for a graduate level course oil wireless mobile computing. In developing this system, special attention has been paid to the task of entering text on PDAs, efficient use of the screen real estate, dynamics among students, privacy and ease of use issues. We describe our system and report the findings of this user study. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FX Palo Alto Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gsingh@nps.edu; denoue@fxpal.com; adas@nps.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST INFORMATION SCIENCE PI TAIPEI PA ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1016-2364 J9 J INF SCI ENG JI J. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 835 EP 848 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 969NE UT WOS:000232240100002 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Evans, SF Chauhan, SP Nolan, TE Henderson, J Klausen, JH Newnham, JP Morrison, JC AF Magann, EF Evans, SF Chauhan, SP Nolan, TE Henderson, J Klausen, JH Newnham, JP Morrison, JC TI The effects of standing, lifting and noise exposure on preterm birth, growth restriction, and perinatal death in healthy low-risk working military women SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lifting; standing; noise; preterm birth ID OCCUPATIONAL NOISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY; WEIGHT AB Objective. The effects of standing, lifting and noise in low-risk, healthy pregnant women are uncertain. In the past, the heterogeneity of the populations studied, the limitations of the designs of the retrospective and case control studies, and a failure of some of the larger investigations to evaluate all the potential confounding variables has hampered many studies. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, throughout pregnancy, the effects of standing, repetitive lifting, and noise in the workplace compared with no standing, lifting or noise exposure, on maternal and perinatal outcomes in a large prospective study of a low-risk healthy population of working women cared for by a single group of health providers. Methods. This prospective observational study used an extensive questionnaire to collect antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum information. Information was collected on the initial visit, each subsequent visit, and immediately after delivery. The participating women were divided into groups based on the amount of time spent standing, the amount and extent of repetitive lifting, and noise exposure in the workplace. Results. Eight hundred and fourteen low-risk active duty women participated in this investigation over a 4-year period. Multivariate analysis with non-exposure compared with exposure reinforced the effect of standing on preterm labor (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.05, 3.16) and preterm birth (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03, 2.80) and showed a trend toward an effect of noise exposure on preterm labor (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.78, 3.39) after controlling for other exposures. Conclusions. This investigation suggests an association of occupational standing with preterm labor and preterm birth. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Spartanburg Reg Hosp, Spartanburg, SC USA. Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. Naval Hosp, Pendleton, CA USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu OI Newnham, John/0000-0001-9983-7457 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1080/14767050500224810 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 985PP UT WOS:000233390600002 PM 16272037 ER PT J AU Keiffer, RS Novarini, JC Scharstein, RW AF Keiffer, RS Novarini, JC Scharstein, RW TI A time-variant impulse response method for acoustic scattering from moving two-dimensional surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 139th Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID ROUGH-SURFACE; OCEAN SURFACE; WEDGE; DIFFRACTION; MODEL; BACKSCATTERING AB A time-variant impulse response method is proposed, developed, tested, and shown to provide new insights into different scattering problems involving moving surfaces. The method proposed is general, conceptually straightforward, and can accommodate moving sources and receivers. While the time-variant impulse response method has been developed specifically in this study to extend the capability of the wedge assemblage (WA) model [e.g., R.S. Keiffer and J.C. Novarini, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 27-39 (2000)], the framework can be applied to other scattering models including those based in the frequency domain. Calculations involving moving periodic surfaces and moving receivers are presented and compared with good results to a generalized grating equation and small wave-height approximation perturbation theory. The time-variant impulse response model is also applied to time-evolving sea surfaces, and the previously published results of Pourkaviani and Willemsen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 426-432 (1991)] are confirmed. It is also shown that windward-oriented backscatter geometries can lead to a Doppler spectrum that peaks at higher than expected Doppler shifts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Elect Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Keiffer, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keiffer@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1283 EP 1299 DI 10.1121/1.1992687 PN 1 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 965PV UT WOS:000231963600007 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Lagakos, N Houston, BH Jarzynski, J Zalalutdinov, M AF Bucaro, JA Lagakos, N Houston, BH Jarzynski, J Zalalutdinov, M TI Miniature, high performance, low-cost fiber optic microphone SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONDENSER; NOISE AB A small, high performance fiber optic microphone has been designed. fabricated. and tested. The device builds on a previous design utilizing a thin. seven-fiber optical probe, but now adds a micromachined 1.5 mu m thick silicon diaphragm active element. The resulting sensor head is thin (several millimeters) and light, and the overall microphone system is less expensive than conventional microphones with comparable performance. Measurements in the laboratory using it standard free-field technique at high frequencies, an enclosed calibrator at lower frequencies, and pseudostatic pressure changes demonstrate uniform broadband response from near dc (0.01 Hz) Lip to near 20 kHz. The measured microphone internal noise is nearly flat over this band and does not exhibit noticeable levels of 1/f noise. Over the audible portion of this band. the minimum detectable pressure is determined to be 680 mu Pa per root Hz with further reductions Possible using lower noise/higher power light sources and/or improvements in the diaphragm, In contrast to conventional high-performance microphones, there is no need for preamplifier packages close to the relatively small sensor head resulting in much lower acoustic scattering cross sections, This attribute. together with high performance, low cost, and immunity to emi, makes the microphone ideal for multielement array applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.bucaro@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1406 EP 1413 DI 10.1121/1.2000749 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 965PV UT WOS:000231963600019 ER PT J AU Summers, JE Torres, RR Shimizu, Y Dalenback, BIL AF Summers, JE Torres, RR Shimizu, Y Dalenback, BIL TI Adapting a randomized beam-axis-tracing algorithm to modeling of coupled rooms via late-part ray tracing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 143rd Annual Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID GEOMETRICAL ACOUSTICS; ABSORBING SURFACES; DIFFUSE; PREDICTION; REFLECTION; SIMULATION; PROGRAMS; SOFTWARE; SPACES; DECAY AB The ability of computational geometrical acoustics to accurately model energy decay in systems of coupled rooms is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Unlike single-volume rooms, coupled rooms have reflection density that is not described by a single quadratic function of time. It is shown that tail-correction procedures used by bearn-axis-tracing algorithms, which assume quadratic growth of reflection density, can lead to inaccurate predictions in coupled rooms. Further, beam-axis tracing implemented as ray tracing with a growing detection sphere is susceptible to error in coupled rooms when the detection sphere extends into adjacent subrooms. Marked error is anticipated in those cases for which the source and receiver are in the less reverberant of two rooms and is expected to be most severe for (1) small coupling apertures and (2) receiver positions near boundaries between subrooms. Errors are demonstrated by comparison of computational geometrical acoustics predictions with scale-model measurements made in a two-room coupled system. A revised beam-axis/ray -tracing algorithm is investigated that circumvents possible error mechanisms by switching to ray tracing for the late part of the decay. Comparisons with scale-model measurements indicate that the revised algorithm is able to predict energy decay accurately in coupled rooms. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Program Architectural Acoust, Troy, NY 12180 USA. CATT, SE-41471 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Summers, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7142, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM summers@abyss.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1491 EP 1502 DI 10.1121/1.2000772 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 965PV UT WOS:000231963600026 ER PT J AU Pan, MJ Bender, BA AF Pan, MJ Bender, BA TI A bimodal grain size model for predicting the dielectric constant of calcium copper titanate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BARRIER LAYER CAPACITORS; CACU3TI4O12; CUO AB The bimodal distribution of grain size is frequently observed in calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12 or CCTO) ceramics that exhibit high dielectric constant. In this study, we propose an analytical model composed of grains of two different sizes to estimate the dielectric behavior of CCTO based on microstructural features. Important assumptions are (1) CCTO is a barrier layer dielectric and (2) the insulating layer thickness is the same in both large and small grains. Explicit expressions for the effective dielectric constant of serial, parallel, and logarithmic mixture models are given. When compared with experimental results, the present bimodal model appears to be acceptable for describing the dielectric behavior of CCTO. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 9 BP 2611 EP 2614 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00455.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 961AR UT WOS:000231634800049 ER PT J AU Meisch, MV Dame, DA Brown, JR AF Meisch, MV Dame, DA Brown, JR TI Aerial ultra-low-volume assessment of anvil 10+10 (R) against Anopheles quadrimaculatus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles quadrimaculatus; ANVIL 10+10 (R); ultra-low volume; Arkansas; aerial application; optimization ID RESMETHRIN AB Against caged field-collected adults of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, optimized aerial applications of ANVIL 10 +10 (R) at 18.4 ml (1.63 g active ingredient)/0.4 ha produced a mean mortality of 92% at 1, 12, and 24 h after treatment. These trials were conducted with 7 stacked passes applied 1,067 m upwind of the target site when wind velocity was 18-21 km/h at an application altitude of 46 m and 5-10 km/h at ground level. When the wind velocity aloft was greater than might be operationally acceptable (27 km/h), reduced efficacy (64% mortality) was observed in the bioassay site (1,524 m downwind from 11 stacked passes) in an unreplicated application. Droplets from the 2 tail-mounted Beecomist 360-A-12-V rotary atomizers (fitted with wire sleeve cages of size 40 mesh) collected on spinning Teflong (R)-coated slides in the target area averaged a volume mean diameter (VMD) of 29 mu m and a droplet density of 39 droplets/cm(2) in 18- to 21-km/h winds. With 27-km/h winds aloft and a greater application offset, the VMD and droplet density dropped to 23 mu m and 18 droplets/cm(2), respectively. Coupled with unreplicated results from a nonoptimized application, these tests provide further documentation of the efficacy of ANVIL 10+10 for wide-area adult mosquito control and for optimization technology. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Entomol Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Meisch, MV (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, 319 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[301:AUAOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600010 PM 16252521 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA Jiang, QF Bartels, DL AF Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA Jiang, QF Bartels, DL TI Large-amplitude mountain wave breaking over Greenland SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; OROGRAPHIC DRAG; LEE WAVE; TIP JET; FLOW; TURBULENCE AB A large-amplitude mountain wave generated by strong southwesterly flow over southern Greenland was observed during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX) on 29 January 1997 by the NOAA G-IV research aircraft. Dropwindsondes deployed every 50 km and flight level data depict a vertically propagating large-amplitude wave with deep convectively unstable layers, potential temperature perturbations of 25 K that deformed the tropopause and lower stratosphere, and a vertical velocity maximum of nearly 10 m s(-1) in the stratosphere. The wave breaking was associated with a large vertical flux of horizontal momentum and dominated by quasi-isotropic turbulence. The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) nonhydrostatic model with four-nested grid meshes with a minimum resolution of 1.7 km accurately simulates the amplitude, location, and timing of the mountain wave and turbulent breakdown. Finescale low-velocity plumes that resemble wakelike structures emanate from highly dissipative turbulent regions of wave breaking in the lower stratosphere. Idealized adiabatic three-dimensional simulations suggest that steep terrain slopes increase the effective Rossby number of the relatively wide Greenland plateau, decrease the sensitivity of the wave characteristics to rotation, and ultimately increase the tendency for wave breaking. Linear theory and idealized simulations indicate that diabatic cooling within the boundary layer above the Greenland ice sheet augments the effective mountain height and increases the wave amplitude and potential for wave breaking for relatively wide obstacles such as Greenland. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Off Weather & Air Qual, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 72 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 9 BP 3106 EP 3126 DI 10.1175/JAS3528.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969ZP UT WOS:000232275300007 ER PT J AU Chen, L Zheng, T Sun, F Wu, C AF Chen, L Zheng, T Sun, F Wu, C TI Performance limits of real absorption refrigerators SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE finite time; thermodynamics; thermodynamic optimization; four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator; COP; cooling load; irreversible cycle ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; FINITE-TIME; COOLING SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; MODEL AB On the basis of an endoreversible absorption refrigeration cycle model with Newton's heat transfer law, a real absorption refrigerator model, that is, an irreversible four-heat-reservoir cycle model is established in this paper by taking into account the heat resistance, heat leakage and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working fluid. The performance limits, that is, the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) and the corresponding cooling load, as well as the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relation of the heat-transfer surface areas is also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the performance limits of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results of this paper include the performance limits of almost all kinds of the refrigeration cycles with Newton's heat transfer law. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 78 IS 3 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1179/174602205X53320 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 977JR UT WOS:000232800100004 ER PT J AU Piper, GE Watkins, JM Thorp, OG AF Piper, GE Watkins, JM Thorp, OG TI Active control of axial-flow fan noise using magnetic bearings SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE noise control actuator; active magnetic bearings; active noise control; fan noise AB In this paper we present a novel approach to reducing blade-rate noise of axial-flow fans. By using magnetic bearings as a noise control actuator, it is possible to collocate the anti-noise source with the disturbance noise source. This approach allows for global noise reduction throughout the sound field. A DC motor connected to a fan by a short rigid shaft was used to demonstrate this approach. The shaft was supported in the radial and axial directions by magnetic bearings. The bearings provide position control of the shaft and fan; this position control can be used to vibrate the fan at a desired frequency and amplitude. Controlled vibration of the fan allows its use as a speaker in an active noise control scheme. Noise control was implemented on a dedicated digital signal processor using a least mean square algorithm. The output of the noise control algorithm supplies the position commands for the magnetic bearing controller. Experimental data showed that by actuating the axial thrust bearing, the noise output of a fan could be reduced by 4 dB at the error microphone, and 3 dB at points away from the error microphone. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Piper, GE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1221 EP 1232 DI 10.1177/1077546305057261 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 964VI UT WOS:000231908700006 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, SF TI Godunov-based model for nonhydrostatic wave dynamics SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE numerical models; flow simulation; wave propagation; hydrostatics; coastal environment ID FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SOLITARY WAVES; VOLUME; PROPAGATION; SCHEMES; FLUID; ZONE AB A new numerical model based on the incompressible, nonhydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations for free surface flow is developed. The equations are transformed vertically to the sigma coordinate system and laterally to an orthogonal curvilinear system and solved in a fractional step manner in which the pressure is split into hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic components. The model treats the nonhydrostatic term implicitly and uses a collocated grid and pressure interpolation to prevent checkerboard solutions that occur when the velocity and pressure become decoupled. Advection and hydrostatic pressure terms are integrated explicitly with a second-order accurate predictor-corrector scheme. The corrector utilizes fluxes that are computed in a Godunov-based manner by solving a Riemann problem at each cell face. Flow variables are reconstructed at each cell face to obtain second-order spatial accuracy. Numerical simulations of Stokes, cnoidal, and solitary waves with the proposed method and a reference method in which the hydrostatic pressure is implicitly integrated are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Appl Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Appl Branch, Code 7261, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 5 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:5(226) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 956RB UT WOS:000231316400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YJ Gorelik, J Sanchez, D Shevchuk, A Lab, M Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Edwards, C Korchev, Y AF Zhang, YJ Gorelik, J Sanchez, D Shevchuk, A Lab, M Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Edwards, C Korchev, Y TI Scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals how a functional renal epithelial monolayer maintains its integrity SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE scanning probe microscopy; renal epithelia monolayer; regeneration; cell division; apoptosis; integrity ID CULTURED ANIMAL-CELLS; CONTRACTILE RING; ACTIN-FILAMENTS; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; LIVING CELLS; MECHANISM; MAINTENANCE; TRANSPORT; POLARITY AB Background. To function as a transport barrier a renal tubule epithelial monolayer needs to maintain its integrity when, sudden hypertonic stress causes cell shrinkage, new cells are added, or cells in the monolayer die. However, the mechanism used to achieve this is largely unknown. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has been shown to be suitable for imaging the surface of live renal cells with high topographic resolution, and can be used to elucidate how a functional renal epithelial monolayer maintains its integrity. Methods. SICM was used for high spatial resolution topographic imaging of Xenopuslaevis renal epithelial A6 cells cultured on membrane filter inserts. Results. The SICM images of A6 cells showed that the epithelial monolayer maintains its integrity under hypertonic stress, and during cell division and death. Sequential SICM topographic images revealed detailed structural changes and their time course for these protective processes, which involve highly cooperative cell movement. Some "balloon-like" structures were observed at susceptible tight junction regions, which were proposed to help cell maintaining the monolayer permeability integrity. Conclusion. SICM is a powerful tool for research on living renal epithelial cells, and has been used to elucidate how a functional epithelial monolayer maintains its integrity. Using this technique we have observed that during hypertonic stress and regeneration, an organized sequence of events protect the loss of integrity of monolayer so that tight junctions and cell-cell contact are maintained and disruption to the function of whole monolayer is prevented. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Med, London W12 0NN, England. Univ Newcastle, Off Vice Chancellor, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Korchev, Y (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Med, Hammersmith Campus,Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, England. EM y.korchev@ic.ac.uk RI Sanchez, Daniel/B-5141-2009; Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Klenerman, David/0000-0001-7116-6954 FU Wellcome Trust NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00499.x PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 952RJ UT WOS:000231022900016 PM 16105037 ER PT J AU Aha, DW Marling, C Watson, I AF Aha, DW Marling, C Watson, I TI Case-based reasoning commentaries: introduction SO KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Comp Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.aha@nrl.navy.mil; marling@ohio.edu; ian@cs.auckland.ac.nz NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0269-8889 J9 KNOWL ENG REV JI Knowl. Eng. Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1017/S026988890600052X PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 049PF UT WOS:000238027800001 ER PT J AU Aha, DW Mcsherry, D Yang, Q AF Aha, David W. Mcsherry, David Yang, Qiang TI Advances in conversational case-based reasoning SO KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING REVIEW LA English DT Review AB A considerable amount of research in case-based reasoning (CBR) has recently focused on conversational CBR as a means of providing more effective support for interactive problem solving. We review progress made to date and identify challenges that remain to be addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ulster, Sch Comp & Informat Engn, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aha@aic.nrl.navy.mil; dmg.mcsherry@ulster.ac.uk; qyang@cs.ust.hk OI Yang, Qiang/0000-0001-5059-8360 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0269-8889 EI 1469-8005 J9 KNOWL ENG REV JI Knowl. Eng. Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1017/S0269888906000531 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 049PF UT WOS:000238027800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark TI Giant leap for magnetoresistance SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD SEP PY 2005 VL 8 IS 9 BP 56 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71103-2 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DX UT WOS:000208933000023 ER PT J AU Etter, RJ Cutbirth, JM Ceccio, SL Dowling, DR Perlin, M AF Etter, RJ Cutbirth, JM Ceccio, SL Dowling, DR Perlin, M TI High Reynolds number experimentation in the US Navy's William B Morgan Large Cavitation Channel SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow testing at high pressure; high temperature; high Reynolds number AB The William B Morgan Large Cavitation Channel (LCC) is a large variable-pressure closed-loop water tunnel that has been operated by the US Navy in Memphis, TN, USA, since 1991. This facility is well designed for a wide variety of hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic tests. Its overall size and capabilities allow test-model Reynolds numbers to approach, or even achieve, those of full-scale air- or water-borne transportation systems. This paper describes the facility along with some novel implementations of measurement techniques that have been successfully utilized there. In addition, highlights are presented from past test programmes involving (i) cavitation, (ii) near-zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers, (iii) the near-wake flow characteristics of a two-dimensional hydrofoil and (iv) a full-scale research torpedo. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Memphis Detachment, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1701 EP 1709 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/9/001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 966CM UT WOS:000231997200002 ER PT J AU Johnson-White, B Golden, J AF Johnson-White, B Golden, J TI Reduction of background signal in automated array biosensors SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosensor; evanescent wave; PDMS; fluorescence ID FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR; ANALYTES; SAMPLES AB Automated sample and reagent delivery to planar microarrays requires the attachment of flow channels to the sensing surface. When evanescent measurements are required, the attachment of the flow chamber causes particular problems. The flow chamber scatters the excitation light, increasing the background signal above which the fluorescent signal must be detected. Introducing a light-absorbing material (carbon black) into the PDMS flow channels has been shown to decrease the measured background signal by 66%. The benefits of background image subtraction are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 9 BP N29 EP N31 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/9/N01 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 966CM UT WOS:000231997200023 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Lederman, ER Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Lederman, ER Wallace, MR TI Infections associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists SO MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TNF-ALPHA; GAMMA-INTERFERON; CROHNS-DISEASE; INFLIXIMAB THERAPY; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists are promising therapeutic agents for patients with severe autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. Unfortunately, their use has been associated with an increased rate of tuberculosis, endemic mycoses, and intracellular bacterial infections. Infliximab, I of 3 available drugs in this novel class, appears to be associated with the greatest risk of infection, likely because of its long half-life and induction of monocyte apoptosis. Prospective trials are necessary to determine the exact risk associated with these agents, particularly the newer TNF-alpha antagonists. More specific TNF-alpha blockers, which reduce inflammation while maintaining adequate immunity, are needed. In the meantime, a thorough work-up is mandatory for all febrile illness occurring in TNF-alpha blocker recipients. We present 4 patients who developed severe infections during TNF-alpha antagonist therapy, review the literature, and discuss current guidelines for surveillance and prophylaxis. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. US Naval Med Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 118 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0025-7974 J9 MEDICINE JI Medicine (Baltimore) PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1097/01.md.0000180044.19285.9a PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 966CE UT WOS:000231996400004 PM 16148729 ER PT J AU Koscheev, AP Gromov, MD Gorokhov, PV Ott, U Huss, GR Daulton, TL AF Koscheev, AP Gromov, MD Gorokhov, PV Ott, U Huss, GR Daulton, TL TI Ion implantation into nanodiamonds and the mechanism of high temperature release of noble gases from meteoritic diamonds SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc ID PRESOLAR DIAMONDS C1 Karpov Inst Phys Chem, Moscow 105064, Russia. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM koscheev@cc.nifhi.ac.ru NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000154 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO Stadermann, FJ Zinner, EK AF Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO Stadermann, FJ Zinner, EK TI Microstructure of a presolar hibonite grain SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000276 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMOD Young, AF AF Zega, TJ Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMOD Young, AF TI Transmission electron microscopy of deuterium-rich matrix from Tagish Lake SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc ID MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; INTERPLANETARY DUST C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil RI Young, Andrea/H-9697-2012; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Young, Andrea/0000-0001-5954-8028; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A173 EP A173 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000326 ER PT J AU Golden, J Shriver-Lake, L Sapsford, K Ligler, F AF Golden, J Shriver-Lake, L Sapsford, K Ligler, F TI A "do-it-yourself" array biosensor SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; evanescent wave; array; planar waveguide; fluorescence ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; FOOD SAMPLES; THIN-FILMS; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANALYTES; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; SURFACES AB We have developed an array biosensor for the simultaneous detection of multiple targets in multiple samples within 15-30 min. The biosensor is based on a planar waveguide, a modified microscope slide, with a pattern of small (min) sensing regions. The waveguide is illuminated by launching the emission of a 635 nm diode laser into the proximal end of the slide via a line generator. The evanescent field excites fluorophores bound in the sensing region and the emitted fluorescence is measured using a Peltier-cooled CCD camera. Assays can be performed on the waveguide in multichannel flow chambers and then interrogated using the detection system described here. This biosensor can detect many different targets, including proteins, toxins, Cells, Virus, and explosives with detection limits rivaling those of the ELISA detection system. Published bv Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Golden, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jgolden@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB02002] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.05.010 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 979MG UT WOS:000232945500008 PM 16202623 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, JA TI Saudi Arabia in the 21st century: A new security dilemma SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD FAL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 64 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1061-1924.2005.00213.x PG 15 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 963GS UT WOS:000231792600005 ER PT J AU Lane, DA AF Lane, DA TI Congenital hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava: An underappreciated cause of deep venous thromboses among young adults SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Assembly of Uniformed-Services-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY MAR 24, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Uniformed Serv Acad Family Phys ID VEIN-THROMBOSIS; CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; RISK FACTOR; APLASIA; ABSENCE AB This report illustrates how newer imaging techniques are identifying vasculopathies as risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). In this case, a healthy young man presented with a straightforward DVT but without traditional risk factors. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed a proximal clot, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography identified a hypoplastic inferior vena cava (IVC). DVTs cause considerable morbidity and death each year, including similar to 200,000 fatal pulmonary embolisms. Specific treatment of DVTs and long-term management and prevention strategies are contingent on the etiology, which can be determined in similar to 85% of cases. A hypoplastic IVC was discovered during efforts to find the cause of thrombosis, and a Medline search suggests that this anomaly should be considered for young persons with DVTs. DVTs are common and their underlying etiology should be identified to help guide long-term management. Evidence is emerging that an anomalous IVC should be ruled out as a cause of DVT among young patients. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN Hosp, FPO, AE 09645 USA. RP Lane, DA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 170 IS 9 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JQ UT WOS:000235831800004 PM 16261976 ER PT J AU Young, JA Fivelman, QL Blair, PL de la Vega, P Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Carucci, DJ Baker, DA Winzeler, EA AF Young, JA Fivelman, QL Blair, PL de la Vega, P Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Carucci, DJ Baker, DA Winzeler, EA TI The Plasmodium falciparum sexual development transcriptome: A microarray analysis using ontology-based pattern identification SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; gametocyte; sexual development; microarray; ontology-based pattern identification; gene ontology ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING VACCINES; LIFE-CYCLE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HOST ERYTHROCYTE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; STAGE; GAMETOCYTES; GENOME AB The sexual stages of malarial parasites are essential for the mosquito transmission of the disease and therefore are the focus of transmission-blocking drug and vaccine development. In order to better understand genes important to the sexual development process, the transcriptomes of high-purity stage I-V Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were comprehensively profiled using a full-genome high-density oligonucleotide microarray. The interpretation of this transcriptional data was aided by applying a novel knowledge-based data-mining algorithm termed ontology-based pattern identification (OPI) using current information regarding known sexual stage genes as a guide. This analysis resulted in the identification of a sexual development cluster containing 246 genes, of which similar to 75% were hypothetical, exhibiting highly-correlated, gametocyte-specific expression patterns. Inspection of the upstream promoter regions of these 246 genes revealed putative cis-regulatory elements for sexual development transcriptional control mechanisms. Furthermore, OPI analysis was extended using current annotations provided by the Gene Ontology Consortium to identify 380 statistically significant clusters containing genes with expression patterns characteristic of various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Collectively, these results, available as part of a web-accessible OPI database (http://carrier.gnf.org/publications/Gametocyte), shed light on the components of molecular mechanisms underlying parasite sexual development and other areas of malarial parasite biology. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Winzeler, EA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, ICND202,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM winzeler@scripps.edu OI Winzeler, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4049-2113; Baker, David/0000-0002-5490-8933 FU Wellcome Trust NR 67 TC 179 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.05.007 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 956YK UT WOS:000231335800009 PM 16005087 ER PT J AU Zhu, P Bretherton, CS Kohler, M Cheng, AN Chlond, A Geng, QZ Austin, P Golaz, JC Lenderink, G Lock, A Stevens, B AF Zhu, P Bretherton, CS Kohler, M Cheng, AN Chlond, A Geng, QZ Austin, P Golaz, JC Lenderink, G Lock, A Stevens, B TI Intercomparison and interpretation of single-column model simulations of a nocturnal stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MIXING SCHEME; PART I; CLOUD; ENTRAINMENT; PARAMETERIZATION; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; CLIMATE; TESTS AB Ten single-column models (SCMs) from eight groups are used to simulate a nocturnal nonprecipitating marine stratocumulus-topped mixed layer as part of an intercomparison organized by the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study, Working Group 1. The case is idealized from observations from the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus II, Research Flight 1. SCM simulations with operational resolution are supplemented by high-resolution simulations and compared with observations and large-eddy simulations. All participating SCMs are able to maintain a sharp inversion and a mixed cloud-topped layer, although the moisture profiles show a slight gradient in the mixed layer and produce entrainment rates broadly consistent with observations, but the liquid water paths vary by a factor of 10 after only 1 h of simulation at both high and operational resolution. Sensitivity tests show insensitivity to activation of precipitation and shallow convection schemes in most models, as one would observationally expect for this case. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. United Kingdom Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Zhu, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pzhu@cgd.ucar.edu RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; lenderink, geert/0000-0002-1572-4867 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2741 EP 2758 DI 10.1175/MWR2997.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965LP UT WOS:000231952300014 ER PT J AU Carlyle, WM Wood, RK AF Carlyle, WM Wood, RK TI Near-shortest and K-shortest simple paths SO NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE K-shortest paths; near-shortest paths; path enumeration ID SURVIVABLE NETWORKS AB We present a new algorithm for enumerating all near-shortest simple (loopless) s-t paths in a graph G = (V,E) with nonnegative edge lengths. Letting n = vertical bar V vertical bar and m = vertical bar E vertical bar, the time per path enumerated is O(nS(n,m)) given a user-selected shortest-path subroutine with complexity O(S(n,m)). When coupled with binary search, this algorithm solves the corresponding K-shortest paths problem (KSPR) in O(KnS(n,m)(log n + log c(max))) time, where cmax is the largest edge length. This time complexity is inferior to some other algorithms, but the space complexity is the best available at O(m). Both algorithms are easy to describe, to implement and to extend to more general classes of graphs. In computational tests on grid and road networks, our best polynomial-time algorithm for KSPR appears to be at least an order of magnitude faster than the best algorithm from the literature. However, we devise a simpler algorithm, with exponential worst-case complexity, that is several orders of magnitude faster yet on those test problems. A minor variant on this algorithm also solves "KSPU," which is analogous to KSPR but with loops allowed. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Carlyle, WM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mcarlyle@nps.edu OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-3045 EI 1097-0037 J9 NETWORKS JI Networks PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1002/net.20077 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 954BJ UT WOS:000231128800005 ER EF