FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ AF Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ TI Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification - Part one SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CARCINOMA; DISCOID LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PROLIFERATING TRICHILEMMAL CYST; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; IONIZING-RADIATION THERAPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA AB Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) includes many subtypes with widely varying clinical behaviors, ranging from indolent to aggressive tumors with significant metastatic potential. However, the tendency for pathologists and clinicians alike is to refer to all squamoid neoplasms as generic SCC. No definitive, comprehensive clinicopathological system dividing cutaneous SCCs into categories based upon their aggressiveness has yet been promulgated. Therefore, we have proposed the following based upon the malignant potential of SCC variants, separating them into categories of low (<= 2% metastatic rate), intermediate (3-10%), high (greater than 10%), and indeterminate behavior. Low-risk SCCs include SCC arising in actinic keratosis, HPV-associated SCC, tricholemmal carcinoma, and spindle cell SCC (unassociated with radiation). Intermediate-risk SCCs include adenoid (acantholytic) SCC, intraepidermal epithelioma with invasion, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. High-risk subtypes include de novo SCC, SCC arising in association with predisposing factors (radiation, burn scars, and immunosuppression), invasive Bowen's disease, adenosquamous carcinoma, and malignant proliferating pilar tumors. The indeterminate category includes signet ring cell SCC, follicular SCC, papillary SCC, SCC arising in adnexal cysts, squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma, and clear-cell SCC. Subclassification of SCC into these risk-based categories, along with enumeration of other factors including tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion will provide prognostically relevant information and facilitate the most optimal treatment for patients. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dermatol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pathol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. RP Cassarino, DS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Lane Bldg,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dcassari@stanford.edu OI Cassarino, David/0000-0001-8875-0858 NR 234 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00516_1.x PG 16 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 010QZ UT WOS:000235210500001 PM 16466506 ER PT J AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, BE TI Control of platoons of nonholonomic vehicles using redundant manipulator analogs SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE multirobot control; nonholonomic systems AB In this work we consider the control of platoons of cooperating nonholonomic vehicles. Using techniques based on redundant manipulator control, the platoon is treated as a single entity with a set of platoon-level objectives. The class of tricyclelike robots, with limits on steering and speed, is chosen because it represents a vast class of real, nonholonomic vehicles beyond the basic differential drive. The method presented uses platoon redundancy to limit the impact of vehicle constraints on the platoon-level objectives. A simulation study is presented to show the efficacy of the method. C1 United State Naval Acad, Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP United State Naval Acad, Syst Engn Dept, Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 EI 1528-9028 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1115/1.2168159 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 027TS UT WOS:000236439100020 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Investigation of mid-infrared type-II "W" diode lasers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor lasers; mid-infrared lasers; quantum wells; type-II active regions ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; GAIN SPECTRA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PERFORMANCE AB We report an experimental investigation of 16 different mid-infrared diode laser samples with type-II "W" active regions. A number of design modifications were employed to study effects on the I-V characteristics, lasing threshold, and wallplug efficiency. Contrary to expectations, the threshold current density at low temperatures did not vary significantly with the number of active quantum-well periods, nor was there any clear correlation between lasing threshold and photoluminescence intensity. A shorter-wavelength device (3.2-3.6 mu m) produced > 500 mW of cw power at 80 K, and a second device displayed a wallplug efficiency > 10%. The maximum lasing temperature was 317 K for pulsed operation and 218 K for cw operation. At T = 100 K, cavity-length studies indicated an internal loss of 7 cm(-1) and nominal internal efficiency of 96%. Hakki-Paoli measurements of the gain spectrum implied an intrinsic linewidth enhancement factor of similar to 1.3, which slightly exceeds the theoretical prediction. Longer-wavelength devices (lambda approximate to 3.8-4.5 mu m) showed similarly low threshold current densities at T = 80 K but degraded more rapidly with increasing temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1007/BF02690532 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 025ZF UT WOS:000236305700010 ER PT J AU Johnsen, S Kelber, A Warrant, E Sweeney, AM Widder, EA Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J AF Johnsen, S Kelber, A Warrant, E Sweeney, AM Widder, EA Lee, RL Hernandez-Andres, J TI Crepuscular and nocturnal illumination and its effects on color perception by the nocturnal hawkmoth Deilephila elpenor SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hawkmoth; Dedephila elpenor; nocturnal vision; color vision; environmental optics ID VISUAL PIGMENTS; NIGHT-SKY; LIGHT POLLUTION; VISION; LEPIDOPTERA; ULTRAVIOLET; STRATEGIES; HABITATS; BULLFROG; SPECTRA AB Recent studies have shown that certain nocturnal insect and vertebrate species have true color vision under nocturnal illumination. Thus, their vision is potentially affected by changes in the spectral quality of twilight and nocturnal illumination, due to the presence or absence of the moon, artificial light pollution and other factors. We investigated this in the following manner. First we measured the spectral irradiance (from 300 to 700 nm) during the day, sunset, twilight, full moon, new moon, and in the presence of high levels of light pollution. The spectra were then converted to both human-based chromaticities and to relative quantum catches for the nocturnal hawkmoth Dedephila elpenor, which has color vision. The reflectance spectra of various flowers and leaves and the red hindwings of D. elpenor were also converted to chromaticities and relative quantum catches. Finally, the achromatic and chromatic contrasts (with and without von Kries color constancy) of the flowers and hindwings against a leaf background were determined under the various lighting environments. The twilight and nocturnal illuminants; were substantially different from each other, resulting in significantly different contrasts. The addition of von Kries color constancy significantly reduced the effect of changing illuminants; on chromatic contrast, suggesting that, even in this light-limited environment, the ability of color vision to provide reliable signals under changing illuminants; may offset the concurrent threefold decrease in sensitivity and spatial resolution. Given this, color vision may be more common in crepuscular and nocturnal species than previously considered. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Sci Div, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. USN Acad, Div Sci & Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Johnsen, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM sjohnsen@duke.edu RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013; Kelber, Almut/H-6216-2014 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568; Kelber, Almut/0000-0003-3937-2808 NR 55 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 95 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 209 IS 5 BP 789 EP 800 DI 10.1242/jeb.02053 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 028GW UT WOS:000236476100011 PM 16481568 ER PT J AU Neaves, MD Edwards, JR AF Neaves, MD Edwards, JR TI All-speed time-accurate underwater projectile calculations using a preconditioning algorithm SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE compressible multiphase flows; supercavitation; high-speed water entry ID FLOWS; EQUATIONS AB An algorithm based on the combination of time-derivative preconditioning strategies with low-diffusion upwinding methods is developed and applied to multiphase, compressible flows characteristic of underwater projectile motion. Multiphase compressible flows arc assumed to be in kinematic and thermodynamic equilibrium and are modeled using a homogeneous mixture formulation. Compressibility effects in liquid-phase water are modeled using a temperature-adjusted Tait equation, and gaseous phases (water vapor and air) are treated as an ideal gas. The algorithm is applied to subsonic and supersonic projectiles in water, general multiphase shock tubes, and a high-speed water entry problem. Low-speed solutions are presented and compared to experimental results for validation. Solutions for high-subsonic and transonic projectile flows are compared to experimental imaging results and theoretical results. Results are also presented for several multiphase shock tube calculations. Finally, calculations are presented for a high-speed axisymmetric supercavitating projectile during the important water entry phase of flight. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Integrat & Experimentat Branch, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Neaves, MD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Integrat & Experimentat Branch, HS15,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM michael.neaves@navy.mil; jredward@eos.ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1115/1.2169816 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 028YA UT WOS:000236523500010 ER PT J AU Wright, ME Gorish, CE Shen, ZH McHugh, MA AF Wright, ME Gorish, CE Shen, ZH McHugh, MA TI 2,5-dichloro-1-(ROSO2)benzene [R =C6H5, C6F5, and CH2(CF2)(4)H]: Synthesis, molecular structure, and solubility in supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE supercritical CO2 solubility; crystal engineering; fluorination effects ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS; HEXAFLUOROBENZENE; SOLVENTS; BENZENE; NMR AB Highly crystalline phenyl 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate (PDBS, T-melt = 86-87 degrees C) and pentafluorophenyl 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate (FPDBS, T-melt = 120-122 degrees C) were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray molecular structure determinations show that both compounds have similar three-dimensional molecular structures; however, PDBS crystals are thin platelets and FPDBS crystals form hexagonal tube-like structures that are predominately hollow at one end. PDBS crystals exhibit offset pi-stacking of the phenoxy-rings that form complete two-dimensional layers each two molecules thick. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are calculated at similar to 3.2 angstrom between the C6-hydrogen and the sulfonyl-oxygen of a neighboring molecule. On the other hand, for FPDBS, pi-stacking of the dichloro-substituted ring as well as dipole-dipole interactions of the fluorinated-phenoxy rings appears to be the predominate intermolecular interactions. Neither structure exhibits any kind of side-on interaction of the phenyl rings. PDBS and FPDBS exhibit melting point depressions of 26 and 40 degrees C, respectively, in the presence of supercritical CO2. Although both sulfonates exhibit high solubility in CO2, Much lower pressures are needed to dissolve FPDBS compared to PDBS. For example, at 100 degrees C FPDBS dissolves at 4750 psia and PDBS dissolves at 11,000 psia. The solubility data reinforce the observation that fluorinating a compound can significantly lower the conditions needed to dissolve that compound in CO2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, NAWCWD, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP McHugh, MA (reprint author), USN, NAWCWD, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.wright@navy.mil; mmchugh@vcu.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 127 IS 3 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.12.014 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 034JW UT WOS:000236926300003 ER PT J AU Ohlmeyer, EJ Phillips, CA AF Ohlmeyer, EJ Phillips, CA TI Generalized vector explicit guidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT ANGLE CONTROL; MISSILE GUIDANCE; ENGAGEMENTS AB This paper proposes and evaluates a new guidance law termed generalized vector explicit guidance (GENEX). This guidance law can simultaneously achieve design specifications on miss distance and final missile-target relative orientation. The latter may be used to enhance the performance of warheads the effectiveness of which is influenced by the terminal encounter geometry. The GENEX guidance law is parameterized in terms of a design coefficient that determines the degree of curvature in the trajectory. Feasibility of GENEX guidance was demonstrated by its application to two weapon scenarios. The first was an air-to-air missile terminal homing scenario. Assuming ideal sensor information and a single-lag missile response model, the guidance was shown to perform well against an air target performing evasive maneuvers. A specified zero-aspect terminal encounter angle was achieved while simultaneously minimizing miss distance. The second application involved an air-to-surface munition released from an unmanned air vehicle. The GENEX guidance law was able to produce trajectories satisfying a terminal impact angle constraint. In addition, an engagement region of sufficient size was shown to be achievable using guidance gains scheduled with target location and weapon release altitude. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Engagement Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ohlmeyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Engagement Syst Dept, Attn G82,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 13 TC 53 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.2514/1.14956 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 022MJ UT WOS:000236059600004 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL AF Campillo, AL TI Interchannel nonlinear crosstalk in analog polarization modulated WDM systems SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crosstalk; nonlinear optics; polarization modulation (PoIM); polarization shift keying (PoISK); wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ID TRANSMISSION-SYSTEMS; LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS; PHASE MODULATION; WAVELENGTH; RAMAN AB Crosstalk in an analog polarization modulation (PolM) system is studied analytically and experimentally. It is shown capable of producing dramatically lower crosstalk levels than intensity modulation (IM) at higher modulation frequencies (greater than 1 GHz) for a system with 200 GHz channel spacing. Calculations based on the developed analytical model show excellent agreement with experimental results and allow us to determine the necessary launch conditions for low-crosstalk transmission in a polarization modulation link. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alc@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1186 EP 1193 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.863325 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 022LI UT WOS:000236056900013 ER PT J AU Lipphardt, BL Small, D Kirwan, AD Wiggins, S Ide, K Grosch, CE Paduan, JD AF Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Small, D. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Wiggins, S. Ide, K. Grosch, C. E. Paduan, J. D. TI Synoptic Lagrangian maps: Application to surface transport in Monterey Bay SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; HF RADAR; FLOW; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; WATER; HEAT AB Here we report on an effort to describe in detail the evolution of surface water particles in Monterey Bay from the time they first enter until the time they leave. The data used for this study are objective mappings from hourly surface currents obtained from high frequency (HF) radar measurements in Monterey Bay for the period 2 June through 4 August 1999. The basic concept is simple: compute the origin and fate of a large number of particles for every hour during the analysis period. However, analyzing and displaying the enormous amount of computed trajectory information required a new data compression technique: synoptic Lagrangian maps produced by representing each trajectory by its origin/fate and its residence time. The results show unexpected complexity and variability not apparent in the Eulerian current archive. For example, the fraction of particles that escaped to the open ocean during this period varied from about 17 to more than 92 percent. Mean particle residence times ranged from 4.5 to 11 days. The distribution of particle residence times and transport pathways varied over time scales from hours to weeks, and space scales from 2 to 40 km. The wide range of variability in particle properties reported here shows that surface transport studies in Monterey Bay require detailed wind and tidal current information over the entire bay, as well as information about the flow along the open ocean boundary. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lipphardt, BL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM brucel@udel.edu RI Ide, Kayo/F-8443-2010 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 221 EP 247 DI 10.1357/002224006777606461 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 056GW UT WOS:000238511200003 ER PT J AU Calvert, KL Griffioen, J Wen, S AF Calvert, Kenneth L. Griffioen, James Wen, Su TI Scalable network management using lightweight programmable network services SO JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE programmable networks; ephemeral state; network management; seatability; lightweight network services ID ACTIVE NETWORKS AB Although the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has proven to be a powerful tool for network administrators, it is widely accepted that SNMP does not offer the scalability or the functionality needed to manage large systems of routers and end systems. Active/programmable networks and mobile agent systems have been proposed as alternative network management solutions, offering new functionality and better scalability. Unfortunately, the flexibility and programmability of these (heavyweight) systems comes with its own set of problems, which has prevented them from becoming widely adopted. This paper presents an ultra-lightweight programmable network service called ephemeral state processing (ESP) that can be used to efficiently monitor and collect information from large-scale networks. Although the service offers a limited set of features, the building blocks it does offer can be combined in novel ways to solve a wide range of network management problems while avoiding the problems that plague (heavyweight) active network approaches. The simplicity of ESP allows us to make it available as a general-purpose service that can be used by all packets in the network. We demonstrate the utility of the service by showing how it can be used to efficiently solve common network management problems. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lab Adv Networking, Lexington, KY USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Calvert, KL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lab Adv Networking, Lexington, KY USA. EM calvert@netlab.uky.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-7570 J9 J NETW SYST MANAG JI J. Netw. Syst. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10922-005-9013-6 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 108BA UT WOS:000242213600003 ER PT J AU DuBois, B Montgomery, WH Dunbar, RP Chapman, J AF DuBois, B Montgomery, WH Dunbar, RP Chapman, J TI Simultaneous ipsilateral posterior knee and hip dislocations - Case report, including a technique for closed reduction of the hip SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article ID FEMORAL-SHAFT FRACTURES; TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION AB In isolation, dislocations of the hip and knee require emergent reduction to minimize the risks of serious complications, including vascular and neurologic injury, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and loss of motion and function. With Simultaneous dislocation of the ipsilateral hip and knee, as in the situation of hip dislocation with concomitant femoral shaft fracture, reduction of the hip may prove difficult because of the inability to control the femoral segment. In this setting, general anesthesia is commonly required. We present the case of it patient who sustained an ipsilateral hip and knee dislocation who underwent closed reduction of the knee in the emergency department but required general anesthesia and the insertion of Schanz pins in the femur to reduce the hip dislocation. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Grossmont Orthopaed Med Grp, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Chapman, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1097/00005131-200603000-00009 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 030UZ UT WOS:000236661800012 PM 16648704 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL Roe, C AF Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL Roe, C TI On setting testing rate limitations for the master curve reference temperature, T-o, of ASTM E 1921 SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness; A515 structural steel; rapid fracture toughness; J integral; master curve; ductile-to-brittle transition; high rate testing; precracked Charpy AB Tests conducted to identify the ductile to brittle transition in ferritic steels have historically been conducted at elevated loading rates since it was understood that this transition was very dependent on the loading rate. By testing at an elevated loading rate, the researcher identified an upper bound transition temperature that could be expected to be conservative for most structural applications. In the development of the Master Curve procedure and the T,, reference temperature of ASTM E 192 1, Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T.,for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range, allowable test rates were restricted to the "quasi-static" regime typical of elastic-plastic fracture toughness standards like E 1290 and E 1820. Since this standard was developed primarily for nuclear pressure vessels in which even a pressurized thermal shock event results in relatively slow loading rates because of the large size of the structures involved, the limitation to rather slow loading rates was not considered to be important. The loading rate allowed by E 1921-03 encompasses approximately two orders of magnitude for dK/dt with dK/dt approximate to 1.0 MPa root m/s, but the standard has not required the direct measurement of the loading rate or the reporting of the actual loading rate. The expectation is that for such a "quasi-static" loading rate the resulting T. is not strongly dependent on the loading rate. and the result can be used in "quasi-static" applications without adjustment for the likely difference between test and application loading rates. Recently Hall and Yoon [1] and Wallin [2] have reported results that appear to show that tests conducted over the range of loading rates allowed by E 1921 can result in a difference in the resulting reference temperature of 30 to 50 degrees C. Wallin has suggested [3] reducing the allowable range of testing to a very narrow factor of 4 centered on dK/dt= 1.0 MPa,root m/s, or requiring a correction procedure to account for the test machine rate used. Based on the experimental work presented in this paper, and work of Hall and Yoon [ I], a revision to E 1921 was recently approved by ASTM that reduces the allowable testing range from two orders of magnitude to effectively a range of 20, with a target test rate of dK/dt approximate to 1.0 MPa,1m/s with the allowable range from dK/dt approximate to 0.1 MPa,root m/s to dK/dt approximate to 2.0 MPa,1m/s. Work is continuing in the E08.08.03 Task Group to develop a high loading rate procedure for E 192 1, so that tests can be conducted at the rate of interest for the application. In this work data are developed that shows that the E 1921-02 range is too generous, but it also implies that narrowing the present allow range by a factor of 5 from 100 to 20 is adequate to obtain a T. measurement that is insensitive to the loading rate within 10 degrees C. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. NSWC Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 030FP UT WOS:000236620000007 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Ellingson, CI AF Sekiya, JK Ellingson, CI TI Meniscal allograft transplantation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; TIBIAL CONTACT PRESSURE; HUMAN CADAVERIC KNEES; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RECONSTRUCTION; REPLACEMENT; REHABILITATION; IMMEDIATE; CARTILAGE; SURVIVAL AB Meniscal allograft transplantation is a reasonable treatment option for the young patient with symptomatic meniscal deficiency. Although clinical results are promising, in most studies only mixed procedures have been performed, with short- or medium-term follow-up. Important potential prognostic factors include patient selection, severity of degenerative changes, limb stability and alignment, graft sizing and processing methods, graft placement, and graft fixation. The use of meniscal allograft transplantation should be considered a salvage operation for the difficult clinical dilemma of meniscal deficiency in young patients. Nonetheless, in carefully selected patients, this procedure can predictably relieve compartmental symptoms, and, in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, restore knee stability. In addition, the partial restoration of meniscal function provided by this procedure may slow the degenerative arthritic process. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst,Med Corps, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 164 EP 174 PG 11 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 021VG UT WOS:000236013400007 PM 16520367 ER PT J AU Gorzkowski, EP Chan, HM Harmer, MP AF Gorzkowski, EP Chan, HM Harmer, MP TI Effect of PbO on the kinetics of {001}Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-35 mol% PbTiO3 single crystals grown into fully dense matrices SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SEEDED POLYCRYSTAL CONVERSION; ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH; ADDITIONS; BOUNDARY; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; PHASE AB The influence of excess PbO on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-35mol% PbTiO3 {001} single crystal growth by seeded polycrystal conversion (SPC) was studied in the range of 0-10 vol% P W. As in previous studies, additions of PbO increased the boundary mobility significantly, thus facilitating single crystal growth via SPC. Unlike previous studies, single crystals were grown into pore-free matrices, resulting in different crystal growth kinetics (signifying interface reaction controlled as opposed to diffusion controlled). Porosity was shown to decrease single crystal growth rates by a factor of 2. Additionally, it was found that single crystal and matrix grain growth rates are optimized at 1.5 vol% PbO, as opposed to previous work, which showed that 3 vol% PbO was fastest., Increasing PbO content beyond 1.5 vol% results in growth that is independent of liquid fraction for all annealing times. In addition, the matrix grains were faceted and the growth best-fit parabolic kinetics so interface reaction control was deemed the most likely growth mechanism. C1 Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mph2@lehigh.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00833.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 030AY UT WOS:000236606700013 ER PT J AU Nelson, TJ Wall, DB Stedje-Larsen, ET Clark, RT Chambers, LW Bohman, HR AF Nelson, TJ Wall, DB Stedje-Larsen, ET Clark, RT Chambers, LW Bohman, HR TI Predictors of mortality in close proximity blast injuries during operation Iraqi freedom SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID SUICIDE BOMBING ATTACKS; SYSTEM AB BACKGROUND: Blast injury is an increasingly common problem faced by military surgeons in the field. Because of urban terrorism worldwide, blast injury is becoming more common in the civilian sector as well. Blast injuries are often devastating and can overwhelm medical resources. We sought to determine whether simple factors easily obtained from the clinical history and primary survey could be used to triage patients more effectively. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 18 consecutive close-proximity blast injury patients presenting to a forward deployed surgical unit in Iraq was performed. Patients' injuries and outcomes were recorded. We compared the presence of sustained hypotension, penetrating head injury, multiple (three or more) long-bone fractures, and associated fatalities (whether another patient involved in the same explosion died) between nonsurvivors and survivors using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All patients who presented alive but exhibited sustained hypotension (n = 5) died, versus 0% who did not exhibit sustained hypotension (n = 9, p < 0.01). There was no marked increase in mortality with presence of multiple long-bone fractures, penetrating head injury, or associated fatalities individually. Having two or more of these factors was associated with a mortality of 86% (6 of 7) versus 20% (2 of 10, p = 0.015) in those who had less than two factors. CONCLUSIONS: Blast injury can overwhelm military and civilian trauma systems alike. Sustained hypotension and presence of two or more easily determined factors, including three or more long-bone fractures, penetrating head injury, and associated fatalities, are associated with increased mortality and can potentially help triage patients and allocate scarce resources more efficiently. C1 USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Dept Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. 1st Battal, 7th Marines, Twenty Nine Palms, CA USA. 1st Force Serv Support Grp, 1st Med Battal, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Nelson, TJ (reprint author), USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Dept Surg, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM tom.nelson2120@sbcglobal.net NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 202 IS 3 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.11.011 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 024YZ UT WOS:000236233800006 PM 16500245 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C AF Zhu, X Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C TI Exergy-based ecological optimization for a generalized irreversible Carnot refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; heat transfer law; exergy output rate; entropy generation rate; ecological optimization; irreversible refrigerator ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; TIME HEAT ENGINES; TRANSFER LAW; THERMODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; CRITERION; SYSTEMS AB The optimal exergy-based ecological performance of an irreversible Carnot refrigerator with the losses of heat-resistance, heat leak and internal irreversibility, in which heat transfer between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obeys a generalized heat transfer law Q Delta(T-n), is derived by considering an ecological optimization criterion as the objective function, which consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the exergy output rate and exergy loss rate ( entropy production rate) of the refrigerator. Some special examples are discussed. Numerical examples are given to show the effects of heat transfer law, heat leakage and internal irreversibility on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible refrigerator. The results can provide some theoretical guidance for the design of practical refrigerators. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Tech Normal Coll, Changzhou 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 22 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1179/174602206X90940 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 029TU UT WOS:000236588100006 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Moody, NA O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Moody, NA O'Shea, PG TI Field-enhanced photoemission from metals and coated materials SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 10-14, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND ID EMISSION; SURFACE; FILMS; LASER; PHOTOCATHODES; TECHNOLOGY; SIMULATION; DENSITY; PHYSICS; CATHODE AB A model of photoemission from the surface of a metal coated with a submonolayer covering of an alkali or alkali earth coating and subjected to an applied field is developed and compared to experimental data of the quantum efficiency (QE) of cesium on tungsten and cesium on silver at various wavelengths. A method to determine the parameters needed in a Gyftopoulos-Levine model of work function for submonolayer coverage as well as an estimate of temperature rise as a function of laser intensity and pulse length for long pulses are given. The qualitative agreement is found to be good: significant differences in the quantitative comparison are found to be due to, first, the relaxation time in the QE model, evaluated from thermal conductivity data, which neglects the contribution of electron-electron scattering at higher energies, and, second, the quantum mechanical reflection for electrons with energies near the barrier maximum. The latter effect is investigated using a quantum distribution function approach to determine the potential barrier with and without a coating and, from it, the changes in the reflection probability. 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kljensen@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1116/1.2183780 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 037UE UT WOS:000237172000064 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL TI 1 A/cm(2) current density from microgated carbon nanotube field-emitter arrays grown by dc plasma chemical-vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 10-14, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND AB We report improved emission performance of microgated carbon nanotube field-emitter arrays. The arrays with 0.1 mm(2) areas produced anode currents in excess of I mA (1 A/cm(2)) and transconductance of up to 174 mu S (174 mS/cm(2)) at gate voltages of 75 V or less. The carbon nanotubes were grown by dc plasma chemical-vapor deposition, but were not oriented vertically during inspection in the scanning electron microscope. Most of the nanotubes had diameters near 10 nm. We suggest that the small tube diameter caused the relatively high emission current and also produced limber tubes, unable to support themselves vertically. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.hsu@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 988 EP 992 DI 10.1116/1.2165666 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 037UE UT WOS:000237172000090 ER PT J AU Shumaker, PR England, LJ Dover, JS Ross, EV Harford, R DeRienzo, D Bogle, M Uebelhoer, N Jacoby, M Pope, K AF Shumaker, PR England, LJ Dover, JS Ross, EV Harford, R DeRienzo, D Bogle, M Uebelhoer, N Jacoby, M Pope, K TI Effect of monopolar radiofrequency treatment over soft-tissue fillers in an animal model: Part 2 SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE collagen; laxity; non-ablative; RF; skin tightening; Thermacool; Thermage ID INJECTABLE COLLAGEN IMPLANT; HYALURONIC-ACID GEL; AUGMENTATION; SILICONE; HYDROXYLAPATITE; SUBSTANCES; INJECTION; HISTOLOGY; ZYDERM; LIGHT AB Background and Objectives: Monopolar radiofrequency (RF) treatment is used by physicians to heat skin and promote tissue tightening and contouring. Cosmetic fillers are used to soften deep facial lines and wrinkles. Patients who have had dermal fillers implanted may also benefit from or are candidates for monopolar RF skin tightening. This study examined the effect of RF treatment on various dermal filler substances. This is the second part of a two-part study. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ajuvenile farm pig was injected with dermal fillers including cross-linked human collagen (Cosmoplast (TM)), polylactic acid (PLA) (Sculptra (TM)), liquid injectable silicone (Silikon (TM) 1000), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) (Radiesse (TM)), and hyaluronic acid (Restylane (R)). Skin injected with dermal fillers was RF-treated using a 1.5-cm(2) treatment tip and treatment levels typically used in the clinical setting. Fillers were examined histologically 5 days, 2 weeks, or 1 month after treatment. Histological specimens were scored for inflammatory response, foreign body response, and fibrosis in order to assess the effect of treatment on early filler processes, such as inflammation and encapsulation. Results: Each filler substance produced a characteristic inflammatory response. No immediate thermal effect of RF treatment was observed histologically. RF treatment resulted in statistically significant increases in the inflammatory, foreign body, and fibrotic responses associated with the filler substances. Conclusions: Monopolar RF treatment levels that are typically used in the clinical setting were employed in this animal study. RF treatment resulted in measurable and statistically significant histological changes associated with the various filler materials. Additional clinical and histological studies are required to determine the optimal timing of monopolar RF treatment and filler placement for maximal potential aesthetic outcome. C1 Thermage Inc, Hayward, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. SkinCare Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. RP Pope, K (reprint author), Thermage Inc, 25881 Ind Blvd, Hayward, CA USA. EM kpope@thermage.com NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1002/lsm.20292 PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JX UT WOS:000236412800009 PM 16485274 ER PT J AU McCord, MT Carey, EW AF McCord, MT Carey, EW TI Acoustic visualization of nonlinear internal gravity waves using an improved high frequency sonar system SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB High frequency sonar systems have been used by the Naval Research laboratory to study nonlinear internal gravity waves and define the fine structure of ocean temperature and salinity layers that are found in coastal waters, usually within 130 metes of the surface. Of particular interest is the fine structure of these waves, which are being investigated using high sensitivity sonar systems that provide 1 m horizontal resolution and less than 8 cm vertical resolution. This article describes the integration of commercial and custom designed components, including a recently patented transmitter receiver switch. The significance of this T-R switch is that is improves the sensitivity of short-range sonar systems enables a more refined measurement of nonlinear internal gravity waves and could have broad industry applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCord, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 048SQ UT WOS:000237967200010 ER PT J AU Shen, YC McFeeters, J AF Shen, YC McFeeters, J TI Out-of-pocket health spending between low- and higher-income populations - Who is at risk of having high expenses and high burdens? SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE out-of-pocket health spending; financial burden; health insurance ID OLDER AMERICANS; CARE; COSTS; EXPENDITURES; INSURANCE AB Objective: We studied the effects of health insurance, health care needs, and demographic and area characteristics on out-of-pocket health care spending for low and higher income insured populations. Materials and Methods: We used the 2002 National Survey of America's Families to analyze out-of-pocket health spending. People were classified into 3 levels of expenses based on their out-of-pocket health care spending and 3 levels of financial burden based on spending as a share of family income. We used a multinomial logit model to estimate the effect of insurance status and other factors on expense and burden levels. Results: Public insurance appears to offer the best financial protection from high out-of-pocket expenses and financial burden for those who are eligible. Families with private nongroup, coverage have the highest odds of being in the high-expense and high-burden categories for all incomes. For higher-income families, having a family member in fair or poor health is a significant risk factor for high out-of-pocket expenses and financial burden. Having higher penetration of health maintenance organizations in an area appears to lower the odds of being in the high-burden category for all families. Conclusions: Health insurance may not prevent people from having high health care spending. Low-income people with serious health needs appear to be financially constrained and spend less on health care relative to higher-income people, and the presence of health maintenance organizations may help reduce out-of-pocket health care spending. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Bur Econ Res, Monterey, CA USA. Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code GB,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000199692.78295.7c PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 018VJ UT WOS:000235792600002 PM 16501390 ER PT J AU Tomon, JJ Johnson, TE Swenson, KN Schauer, DA AF Tomon, JJ Johnson, TE Swenson, KN Schauer, DA TI Applicability of ACR breast dosimetry methodology to a digital mammography system SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mammography; digital image; TLD; phantoms ID CONVERSION; EXPOSURE AB Determination of mean glandular dose (MGD) to breast tissue is an essential aspect of mammography equipment evaluations and exposure controls. The American College of Radiology (ACR) Quality Control Manual outlines the procedure for MGD determination in screen-film mammography based upon conversions of entrance skin exposures (ESEs) measured with an ionization chamber (IC). The development of digital mammography has increased with the demand for improved object resolution and tissue contrast. This change in image receptor from screen-film to a solid-state detector has led to questions about the applicability of the ACR MGD methodology to digital mammography. This research has validated the applicability of the ACR MGD methodology to digital mammography in the GE digital mammography system Senographe 2000D((R)). MGD was determined using light output measurements from thermoluminescent dosimeters (MGDTL), exposure measurements from an IC (MGD,c) and conversion factors from the ACR Mammography Quality Control Manual. MGD(TL) and MGD(IC) data indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the two measurements with the Senographe 2000D((R)). However, the applicability of the ACR's methodology was validated by calculating MGD at various depths in a 50150 breast phantom. Additionally, the results of backscatter measurements from the image receptors of both mammography modalities indicate there is a difference (all P values < 0.001) in the radiation backscattered from each image receptor. (c) 2006 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 USN, Environm Hlth Ctr Detachment, Navy Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RadAmer Inc, Radiat Med Clinton, Clinton, MD 20753 USA. Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Johnson, TE (reprint author), USN, Environm Hlth Ctr Detachment, Navy Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM tj@colostate.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1118/1.2168064 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 025KF UT WOS:000236263900023 PM 16878582 ER PT J AU Kulas, MA Green, WP Taleff, EM Krajewski, PE McNelley, TR AF Kulas, MA Green, WP Taleff, EM Krajewski, PE McNelley, TR TI Failure mechanisms in superplastic AA5083 materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AL-MG ALLOY; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; TENSILE DUCTILITY; CAVITY GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; CAVITATION; DEPENDENCE AB The mechanisms of tensile failure in four 5083 aluminum sheet materials are evaluated under conditions of interest for superplastic and quick-plastic forming. Two mechanisms are shown to control failure of the AA5083 materials under uniaxial tension at elevated temperatures: cavitation and flow localization (i.e., necking). Conditions for which failure is controlled by cavitation correspond to those under which deformation is primarily by grain-boundary-sliding creep. Conditions for which failure is controlled by flow localization correspond to those under which deformation is primarily by solute-drag creep. A geometric parameter, Q, is used to determine whether final failure is controlled by cavitation or by flow localization. Differences in elongations to failure between the different AA5083 materials at high temperatures and slow strain rates are the result of differences in cavitation behaviors. The rate of cavitation growth with strain is nearly constant between the AA5083 materials for identical testing conditions, but materials with less tensile ductility evidence initial cavitation development at lower strain levels. The rate of cavitation growth with strain is shown to depend on the governing deformation mechanism; grain-boundary-sliding creep produces a faster cavitation growth rate than does solute-drag creep. A correlation is found between the early development of cavitation and the intermetallic particle-size population densities of the AA5083 materials. Fine filaments, oriented along the tensile axis, are observed on fracture surfaces and within surface cavities of specimens deformed primarily under grain-boundary-sliding creep. As deformation transitions to control by solute-drag creep, the density of these filaments dramatically decreases. C1 Univ Texas, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Bell Helicopter Textron, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. Univ Texas, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Gen Motors Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kulas, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM taleff@mail.utexas.edu NR 41 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 3 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0036-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 018UX UT WOS:000235791400014 ER PT J AU Spanos, G AF Spanos, G TI Hume-Rothery Symposium on Structure and Diffusional Growth Mechanisms of Irrational Interphase Boundaries - Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37A IS 3A BP 801 EP 801 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 024VB UT WOS:000236223300001 ER PT J AU Floyd-Smith, TM Golden, JP Howell, PB Ligler, FS AF Floyd-Smith, TM Golden, JP Howell, PB Ligler, FS TI Characterization of passive microfluidic mixers fabricated using soft lithography SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE microfluidics; micromixer AB This work characterizes microfluldic mixers fabricated using soft lithography without grooves or with grooves on the top and/or bottom of the channels. The purpose of this Study was to investigate whether grooves on the top and bottom of the channel significantly improve mixing in microfluidic systems. The channels studied were 200 pin wide with repeating sets of alternating patterns of diagonal stripes and chevrons. The study employed confocal microscopy to investigate the mixing of a 0. 1 wt% fluorescein solution with a de-ionized water solution. The results of the study indicate a 10% improvement in mixing over systems with grooves only on the top of the channel. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Floyd-Smith, TM (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 522A Luther H Foster Hall, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM tamara.floyd@tuskegee.edu RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1007/10404-005-0060-9 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 031GI UT WOS:000236692200009 ER PT J AU Zouris, JM Walker, J Dye, J Galarneau, M AF Zouris, JM Walker, J Dye, J Galarneau, M TI Wounding patterns for US marines and sailors during Operation Iraqi Freedom, major combat phase SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This investigation examined the wounds incurred by 279 U.S. Navy-Marine personnel (97% Marines and 3% sailors) identified as wounded in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom, from March 23 through April 30, 2003. The goal was to assess the potential impact of each causative agent by comparing the differences in anatomical locations, types of injuries caused, and medical specialists needed to treat the casualties. The overall average number of diagnoses per patient was 2.2, and the overall average number of anatomical locations was 1.6. The causative agents were classified into six major categories, i.e., small arms, explosive munitions, motor vehicle accidents, falls, weaponry accidents, and other/unknown. Explosive munitions and small arms accounted for approximately three of four combat-related injuries. Upper and lower extremities accounted for similar to 70% of all injuries, a percentage consistent for battlefield injuries since World War II. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Zouris, JM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 12 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500016 PM 16602525 ER PT J AU Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Gackstetter, G Ryan, MAK Friedman, MJ AF Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Gackstetter, G Ryan, MAK Friedman, MJ TI The neurocognition deployment health study: A prospective cohort study of army soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; DESERT-STORM VETERANS; PERSIAN-GULF; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; COMBAT VETERANS; ERA VETERANS; SLEEP LOSS AB Questions remain regarding the effects of military operational deployment on health. The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study addresses several gaps in the deployment health literature, including lack of baseline health data, reliance on subjective measures of exposure and health variables, prolonged intervals between redeployment and health assessments, and lack of a uniform case definition. The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study uses a prospective cohort design to assess neuropsychological outcomes associated with Iraq deployment. Methods incorporate administration of performance-based neuropsychological measures to Army soldiers before and after Iraq deployment and to nondeployed Army Soldiers assessed during comparable periods of garrison duty. Findings should have the potential to delineate neuropsychological outcomes related to combat theater deployment and to identify potential risk and protective factors related to health outcomes. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Baltimore Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Vet Affairs Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Natl Ctr PTSD, Dept Vet Affairs, White River Jct, VT 05001 USA. RP Vasterling, JJ (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500017 PM 16602526 ER PT J AU Charlton, DG Ehrlich, AD Ragain, JC Lyles, MB Roberts, HW AF Charlton, DG Ehrlich, AD Ragain, JC Lyles, MB Roberts, HW TI Evaluation of field dental equipment in a deployment environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCIES; PERSONNEL; BOSNIA; RATES AB Dental officers and technicians must have reliable, durable, well-performing field dental equipment to enable them to provide dental care to deployed troops in operational environments. Unfortunately, no organized program exists to test such equipment before its purchase and use in the field. This article presents the results of a project conducted by the Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research and the Air Force Dental Evaluation and Consultation Service to evaluate commercially available field dental equipment through laboratory testing and clinical-user evaluations in theater. The purpose of this 2-year project was to identify the best-performing and most cost-effective field dental equipment for possible future procurement. Initial laboratory testing was performed at the Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research, and the equipment was then shipped to Kuwait for in-theater environmental and clinical-user testing. A seven-member scientific team of military dental officers and technicians was deployed for 1 month to perform in-theater testing under regional environmental conditions and to coordinate clinical-user evaluations. The testing provided beneficial results by identifying equipment that performed properly and equipment that exhibited shortcomings serious enough to render it inadequate for operational use. It is recommended that the project serve as a model for future testing and evaluation of medical/dental equipment by all of the military services. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, Grad Program Dent Biomat, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500018 PM 16602527 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME Sengupta, K AF Nissen, ME Sengupta, K TI Incorporating software agents into supply chains: Experimental investigation with a procurement task SO MIS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE agents; artificial intelligence; behavioral decision theory; computer-aided decision making; human performance; procurement; supply chain management ID CONSIDERATION SET COMPOSITION; DECISION-MAKING; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; COGNITIVE EFFORT; AMBIGUITY; CHOICE; UNCERTAINTY; ADVANTAGE; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Recently, researchers have begun investigating an emerging, technology-enabled innovation that involves the use of intelligent software agents in enterprise supply chains. Software agents combine and integrate capabilities of several information technology classes in a novel manner that enables supply chain management and decision making in modes not supported previously by IT and not reported previously in the information systems literature. Indeed, federations and swarms of software agents today are moving the boundaries of computer-aided decision making more generally. Such moving boundaries highlight promising new opportunities for competitive advantage in business, in addition to novel theoretical insights. Bill they also call for shifting research thrusts in information systems. The stream of research associated with this article is taking some first steps to address such issues by examining experimentally the capabilities, limitations, and boundaries of agent technology for computer-based decision support and automation in the procurement domain. Procurement represents an area of particular potential for agent-based process innovation, as well as reflecting some of the greatest technological advances in terms of agents emerging from the laboratory. Procurement is imbued with considerable ambiguity in its task environment, ambiguity that presents a fundamental limitation to IT-based automation Of decision making and knowledge work. By investigating the comparative performance of human and software agents across varying levels of ambiguity in the procurement domain, the experimentation described in this article helps to elucidate some new boundaries of computer-based decision making quite broadly. We seek in particular to learn from this domain and to help inform computer-based decision making, agent technological design, and IS research more generally. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. INSEAD, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd,Code SM-Ni, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM MNissen@nps.edu; kishore.sengupta@insead.edu NR 83 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT PI MINNEAPOLIS PA UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA SN 0276-7783 J9 MIS QUART JI MIS Q. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 145 EP 166 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 016ED UT WOS:000235602600008 ER PT J AU Amerault, C Zou, XL AF Amerault, C Zou, XL TI Comparison of model-produced and observed microwave radiances and estimation of background error covariances for hydrometeor variables within hurricanes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MESOSCALE MODEL; INITIALIZATION; SIMULATION; RAIN; PARAMETERIZATION AB A radiative transfer model was updated to better simulate Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I)observed brightness temperatures in areas of high ice concentration. The difference between the lowest observed and model-produced brightness temperatures at 85 GHz has been reduced from over 100 K to roughly 20 K. Probability distribution functions of model-produced and SSM/I-observed brightness temperatures show that the model overestimates the areas of precipitation, but overall matches the SSM/I observations quite well. Estimates of vertical background error covariance matrices and their inverses were calculated for all hydrometeor variables (both liquid and frozen). For cloud and rainwater, the largest values in the matrices are located in the lower levels of the atmosphere, while the largest values in the cloud ice, snow, and graupel matrices are in the upper levels of the atmosphere. The inverse background matrices call be used as weightings for hydrometeor variables in assimilation experiments involving rain-affected observations. C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Amerault, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM amerault@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 134 IS 3 BP 745 EP 758 DI 10.1175/MWR3073.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 033LB UT WOS:000236848200001 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Guo, FZ Li, Q AF Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Guo, FZ Li, Q TI Ecological optimization performance of an irreversible quantum Otto cycle working with an ideal Fermi gas SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ERICSSON REFRIGERATION CYCLE; TIME HEAT ENGINES; FINITE-TIME; DEGENERACY CONDITIONS; SPIN SYSTEMS; PUMP; CRITERION; AMPLIFIER; OUTPUT AB The model of an irreversible Otto cycle using an ideal Fermi gas as the working fluid, which is called as the irreversible Fermi Otto cycle, is established in this paper. Based on the equation of state of an ideal Fermi gas, the ecological optimization performance of an irreversible Fermi Otto cycle is examined by taking an ecological optimization criterion as the objective, which consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the exergy output and exergy loss (entropy production) of the cycle. The relationship between the ecological function E and the efficiency eta is studied. Three special cases are discussed in detail. The results obtained herein may reveal the general performance characteristics of the irreversible Fermi Otto cycle. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Wu, F (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11080-006-7267-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 019AS UT WOS:000235808600005 ER PT J AU Du, YZ Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB AF Du, Yingzi Ives, Robert W. Etter, Delores M. Welch, Thad B. TI Use of one-dimensional iris signatures to rank iris pattern similarities SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE iris pattern; Du measurement; one-dimensional iris signature; local texture pattern (LTP) ID RECOGNITION; IDENTIFICATION; INFORMATION; TRANSFORM; IMAGES; SYSTEM AB A one-dimensional approach to iris recognition is presented. It is translation-, rotation-, illumination-, and scale-invariant. Traditional iris recognition systems typically use a two-dimensional iris signature that requires circular rotation for pattern matching. The new approach uses the Du measure as a matching mechanism, and generates a set of the most probable matches (ranks) instead of only the best match. Since the method generates one-dimensional signatures that are rotation-invariant, the system could work with eyes that are tilted. Moreover, the system will work with less of the iris than commercial systems, and thus could enable partial-iris recognition. In addition, this system is more tolerant of noise. Finally, this method is simple to implement, and its computational complexity is relatively low. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 723 W Michigan St,SL 160, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM yingzidu@ieee.org NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 AR 037201 DI 10.1117/1.2181140 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 043SL UT WOS:000237621800043 ER PT J AU Jarvis, DE Gover, RE AF Jarvis, DE Gover, RE TI Overlay model for infrared scene generation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE overlay model; infrared scene generation; high-fidelity signature; antialiasing AB A dynamic model of IR missile engagements must combine the output of signature models into a scene of given resolution with a changing viewpoint and moving targets against some background. Some signature prediction models are stand-alone software packages, which currently cannot be dynamically interfaced to a running engagement model. They can be used to conveniently provide an image of an IR target at high resolution at a single viewpoint. An algorithm to solve the radiance map composition problem and combine target, sea, and sky signatures can be thought of intuitively as an idealized imaging radiometer model. We present the derivation of such a model from physical and signal processing considerations and its practical implementation; show that under reasonable assumptions, the radiance integral takes the form of a particularly simple computation; and demonstrate that the model behaves reasonably with translucent targets. The derived methodology provides very high radiometric accuracy with a rigorously controlled error and smooth integration of objects moving through the scene. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jarvis, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jarvis@ninja.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 AR 036403 DI 10.1117/1.2182266 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 043SL UT WOS:000237621800035 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Wilt, DM Smith, MA Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Scheiman, D Warner, JH Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP AF Walters, RJ Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Wilt, DM Smith, MA Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Scheiman, D Warner, JH Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP TI Photovoltaically powered modulating retroreflectors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; quantum well modulator; optical data link AB The development of a photovoltaically (PV) powered laser communication system that constitutes a miniature, highly energy-efficient wireless communication technology is described. The technology is based on the direct integration of a multiquantum well (MQW) modulating retroreflector (MRR) optical communication node and a monolithically integrated module (MIM) PV power source. The MQW MRR optical data link exploits the shift in the MQW absorption peak under an applied reverse bias to modulate incident laser light, enabling binary encoding of data for transfer. A MIM consists of many individual solar cells monolithically integrated on a single substrate and offers the design versatility necessary to enable efficient electrical conversion of both incident sunlight and the system laser light and the ability to match the voltage output to the MRR requirements. A description of the development of the MRR and MIM components of the system is given. Results of bench-top demonstrations of the operational system are presented. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Robert.Walters@NRL.NAVY.MIL NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1117/1.2182127 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 043SL UT WOS:000237621800017 ER PT J AU Guth, PL AF Guth, PL TI Geomorphometry from SRTM: Comparison to NED SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SLOPE; TOPOGRAPHY; ACCURACY AB The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SHTM) produced near-global 1 '' and 3 '' DEMs. The cartographically-derived National Elevation Dataset (NED) provides a mechanism to assess SRTM quality. We compared 12 geomorphometric parameters from SRTM to NED for about 500,000 sample areas over the continental United States. For basic parameters like average elevation or relief, the two data sets correlate very highly. For more derived measures, such as curvature and higher moments (skewness and kurtosis), the correlations are much lower, with some parameters essentially uncorrelated between the two DEMs. Correlations improve after restricting analysis to region with average slopes greater than 5 percent, and the SRTM data set compares more closely to simulated 2 '' NED than to 1 '' NED. SRTM has too much noise in flat areas, increasing average slope, while in high relief areas SRTM over smoothes topography and lowers average slopes. The true resolution of 1 '' SRTM DEMs proves to be no better than 2 ''. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pguth@usna.edu NR 30 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018GX UT WOS:000235753500008 ER PT J AU Dutton, Z Murali, KVRM Oliver, WD Orlando, TP AF Dutton, Z Murali, KVRM Oliver, WD Orlando, TP TI Electromagnetically induced transparency in superconducting quantum circuits: Effects of decoherence, tunneling, and multilevel crosstalk SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT; GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC VAPOR; FLUX QUBIT; STATES; LIGHT; INTERFERENCE; DRIVEN; PHOTON; SUPERPOSITION AB We explore theoretically electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a superconducting quantum circuit (SQC). The system is a persistent-current flux qubit biased in a Lambda configuration. Previously [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 087003 (2004)], we showed that an ideally prepared EIT system provides a sensitive means to probe decoherence. Here, we extend this work by exploring the effects of imperfect dark-state preparation and specific decoherence mechanisms (population loss via tunneling, pure dephasing, and incoherent population exchange). We find an initial, rapid population loss from the Lambda system for an imperfectly prepared dark state. This is followed by a slower population loss due to both the detuning of the microwave fields from the EIT resonance and the existing decoherence mechanisms. We find analytic expressions for the slow loss rate, with coefficients that depend on the particular decoherence mechanisms, thereby providing a means to probe, identify, and quantify various sources of decoherence with EIT. We go beyond the rotating wave approximation to consider how strong microwave fields can induce additional off-resonant transitions in the SQC, and we show how these effects can be mitigated by compensation of the resulting ac Stark shifts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Dutton, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 10 AR 104516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.104516 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028DN UT WOS:000236467200118 ER PT J AU Higgins, JS Dagan, Y Barr, MC Weaver, BD Greene, RL AF Higgins, JS Dagan, Y Barr, MC Weaver, BD Greene, RL TI Role of oxygen in the electron-doped superconducting cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE AB We report on resistivity and Hall measurements in thin films of the electron-doped superconducting cuprate Pr2-xCexCuO4 +/-delta. Comparisons between x=0.17 samples subjected to either ion irradiation or oxygenation demonstrate that changing the oxygen content has two separable effects: (1) a doping effect similar to that of cerium and (2) a disorder effect. These results are consistent with prior speculations that apical oxygen removal is necessary to achieve superconductivity in this compound. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI DAGAN, YORAM/E-7240-2011 OI DAGAN, YORAM/0000-0003-4715-0324 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 10 AR 104510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.104510 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028DN UT WOS:000236467200112 ER PT J AU Mallory, R Yasar, M Itskos, G Petrou, A Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Shen, M Saikin, S AF Mallory, R Yasar, M Itskos, G Petrou, A Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH van't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Shen, M Saikin, S TI Phonon-assisted recombination in Fe-based spin LEDs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER; TUNNEL INJECTION; BAND-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-WELL; TRANSPORT; GAAS; TRANSITIONS; FIELDS AB The electroluminescence (EL) spectra from Fe/AlGaAs(n)/GaAs/AlGaAs(p) spin LEDs contain an e(1)h(1) excitonic feature; in addition, they exhibit new features not present in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, that are "satellites" or "replicas" of the exciton. These satellites are red shifted with respect to e1h1 by energies that are approximately equal to those of zone edge phonons in GaAs. The intensity of the replicas depends strongly on bias voltage. In the presence of a magnetic field the satellites become circularly polarized as sigma(+) but their polarization is always lower than that of e(1)h(1). The satellites are interpreted as due to recombination processes that involve zone edge electrons that tunnel into the GaAs quantum well. These processes occur simultaneously with the emission of zone-edge phonons. Our interpretation is supported by a numerical simulation of the properties of electrons tunneling through an Fe/GaAs(n) Schottky barrier. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Mallory, R (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. RI Saikin, Semion/A-3989-2010; OI Saikin, Semion/0000-0003-1924-3961; Itskos, Grigorios/0000-0003-3971-3801 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 11 AR 115308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.115308 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028DO UT WOS:000236467300085 ER PT J AU Szalma, F Dougherty, DB Degawa, M Williams, ED Haftel, MI Einstein, TL AF Szalma, F Dougherty, DB Degawa, M Williams, ED Haftel, MI Einstein, TL TI Correlations in nanoscale step fluctuations: Comparison of simulation and experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID KINK-FORMATION ENERGIES; PB(111) VICINAL SURFACES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES; ISLAND DYNAMICS; AG(111); MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; ENERGETICS; DIFFUSION AB We analyze correlations in step-edge fluctuations using the Bortz-Kalos-Lebowitz kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, with a two-parameter expression for energy barriers, and compare with our variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy line-scan experiments on spiral steps on Pb(111). The scaling of the correlation times gives a dynamic exponent confirming the expected step-edge-diffusion rate-limiting kinetics both in the MC simulations and in the experiments. We both calculate and measure the temperature dependence of (mass) transport properties via the characteristic hopping times and deduce therefrom the notoriously elusive effective energy barrier for the edge fluctuations. With a careful analysis we point out the necessity of a more complex model to mimic the kinetics of a Pb(111) surface for certain parameter ranges. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM szalmaf@physics.umd.edu; einstein@umd.edu OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 11 AR 115413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.115413 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028DO UT WOS:000236467300133 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW Burkhart, R AF Monzon, C Forester, DW Burkhart, R TI Retroreflective effect on a right angle left-handed media prism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB A different retroreflective effect which parallels that encountered with dihedral corner reflectors is found in the scattering response of a penetrable left-handed media epsilon=mu=-1 right angle prism. More significantly, no diffraction from the vertex is found to exist and hence no field singularity for the right angle wedge. Although the results are illustrated with microwaves, the concept finds applications in optics, acoustics, elasticity, and other media characterized by negative index wave propagation. C1 SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 036620 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.036620 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 028DS UT WOS:000236467700108 PM 16605690 ER PT J AU Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL Crooker, PP Vigil, R Voughs, T Williams, BW AF Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL Crooker, PP Vigil, R Voughs, T Williams, BW TI Short Rayleigh length free electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID MODE AB Conventional free electron laser (FEL) oscillators minimize the optical mode volume around the electron beam in the undulator by making the resonator Rayleigh length about one third to one half of the undulator length. This maximizes gain and beam-mode coupling. In compact configurations of high-power infrared FELs or moderate power UV FELs, the resulting optical intensity can damage the resonator mirrors. To increase the spot size and thereby reduce the optical intensity at the mirrors below the damage threshold, a shorter Rayleigh length can be used, but the FEL interaction is significantly altered. We model this interaction using a coordinate system that expands with the rapidly diffracting optical mode from the ends of the undulator to the mirrors. Simulations show that the interaction of the strongly focused optical mode with a narrow electron beam inside the undulator distorts the optical wave front so it is no longer in the fundamental Gaussian mode. The simulations are used to study how mode distortion affects the single-pass gain in weak fields, and the steady-state extraction in strong fields. C1 USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 AR 030703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.030703 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034IJ UT WOS:000236922200003 ER PT J AU Perez, JC Horton, W Gentle, K Rowan, WL Lee, K Dahlburg, RB AF Perez, JC Horton, W Gentle, K Rowan, WL Lee, K Dahlburg, RB TI Drift wave instability in the Helimak experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; STABILIZATION; FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; SPECTRUM AB Electrostatic drift wave linear stability analysis is carried out for the Helimak configuration and compared against experimental data. Density fluctuation and cross-spectrum measurements show evidence of a coherent mode propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field which becomes unstable at k(perpendicular to)rho(s)similar to 0.15. By comparing the experimental results with the wave characteristic of linear two-fluid theory, this mode is identified as an unstable resistive drift wave driven by the density gradient and magnetic grad-B/curvature present in an otherwise magnetohydrodynamic stable steady-state equilibrium. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perez, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. OI Perez, Jean C/0000-0002-8841-6443 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 AR 032101 DI 10.1063/1.2168401 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 028CH UT WOS:000236463000004 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, GM Davis, J TI Impact of the laser wavelength on the dynamics of Xe cluster plasma produced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON DYNAMICS; COULOMB EXPLOSION; IONIZATION; FIELDS AB The dynamics of Xe clusters irradiated by a high intensity subpicosecond laser pulse is investigated through a relativistic time-dependent three-dimensional particle simulation model. In order to explore the effect of transition from underdense to overdense plasma, we performed calculations for laser wavelengths between 100 and 800 nm. The ionization of clusters and charge accumulation was found to be independent of the laser wavelength, while the removal rate of electrons from the cluster into the intercluster space, mean electron and ion energies, and energy absorption increase with the wavelength. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 AR 033106 DI 10.1063/1.2167307 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 028CH UT WOS:000236463000039 ER PT J AU Walker, DN Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Messer, SJ AF Walker, DN Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Messer, SJ TI On collisionless energy absorption in plasmas: Theory and experiment in spherical geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-FREQUENCY PROBE; SHORT DIPOLE ANTENNA; SHEATH; RESONANCE; RADIATION; IMPEDANCE AB An investigation of the rf impedance characteristics of a small spherical probe immersed in a laboratory plasma is ongoing in the large Space Physics Simulation Chamber [D. N. Walker , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 661 (1994)] at the Naval Research Laboratory. The data taken are from network analyzer measurements of the reflection coefficient obtained when applying a low level rf signal to the probe which is either near floating potential or negatively dc biased in a low pressure plasma. As is well known, sheaths form around objects placed inside plasmas. The electron density is smaller inside the sheath, and the reduction in density alters the plasma impedance. Surprisingly, the impedance becomes "resistive," even though the plasma is effectively collisionless, at frequencies below the bulk plasma frequency, thus leading to collisionless energy absorption. This behavior comes directly from Maxwell's equations along with the cold fluid equations. The solutions obtained indicate that this form of plasma resistance is inversely proportional to the plasma density gradient evaluated at the location where the plasma frequency is equal to the applied frequency. The sphere for this work is typically near plasma potential or biased more negatively into the ion collection regime. Applying a supplemental, negative dc bias to the sphere thickens the sheath and tends to raise its resistance as the density gradient is softened. Much of the earlier work in the area of collisionless resistance concentrated primarily on planar probes as opposed to the present work which is concerned with spheres. Interpreting the results is simpler for a sphere and the results obtained agree well with theory as described. For comparison to the theory we use only the S-11 parameter outputs (or reflection coefficients) of the network analyzer in the experimental series. Significant energy absorption is observed at frequencies generally near one-half the plasma frequency. One result of this work is that the most efficient transfer of power to the plasma occurs not unexpectedly when there is impedance matching between input impedance and output (collisionless) impedance. This paper is an exposition of these ideas along with data results and a comparison to theory for the spherical probe which has not been published in this form. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 AR 032108 DI 10.1063/1.2181984 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 028CH UT WOS:000236463000011 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Zega, TJ AF Stroud, RM Zega, TJ TI In situ lift-out for coordinated structure-isotope studies SO SCANNING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 035OZ UT WOS:000237012500018 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Stroud, RM AF Zega, TJ Stroud, RM TI In situ lift-out with a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope: A new technique for creating transmission electron microscope samples of natural and synthetic materials - Introduction SO SCANNING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 035OZ UT WOS:000237012500019 ER PT J AU Taheri, M Simkins, B Pehrsson, PE Stroud, RM AF Taheri, M Simkins, B Pehrsson, PE Stroud, RM TI Focused ion beam-based lift-out and scanning tunneling microscopy-transmission electron microscopy studies of individual GaN nanowires SO SCANNING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 035OZ UT WOS:000237012500021 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA AF Klimchuk, JA TI On solving the coronal heating problem SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; EMISSION MEASURE DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL; X 10(6) K; ALFVEN WAVES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; RESONANT ABSORPTION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SCALING LAWS AB The question of what heats the solar corona remains one of the most important problems in astrophysics. Finding a definitive solution involves a number of challenging steps, beginning with an identification of the energy source and ending with a prediction of observable quantities that can be compared directly with actual observations. Critical intermediate steps include realistic modeling of both the energy release process (the conversion of magnetic stress energy or wave energy into heat) and the response of the plasma to the heating. A variety of difficult issues must be addressed: highly disparate spatial scales, physical connections between the corona and lower atmosphere, complex microphysics, and variability and dynamics. Nearly all of the coronal heating mechanisms that have been proposed produce heating that is impulsive from the perspective of elemental magnetic flux strands. It is this perspective that must be adopted to understand how the plasma responds and radiates. In our opinion, the most promising explanation offered so far is Parker's idea of nanoflares occurring in magnetic fields that become tangled by turbulent convection. Exciting new developments include the identification of the "secondary instability" as the likely mechanism of energy release and the demonstration that impulsive heating in sub-resolution strands can explain certain observed properties of coronal loops that are otherwise very difficult to understand. Whatever the detailed mechanism of energy release, it is clear that some form of magnetic reconnection must be occurring at significant altitudes in the corona (above the magnetic carpet), so that the tangling does not increase indefinitely. This article outlines the key elements of a comprehensive strategy for solving the coronal heating problem and warns of obstacles that must be overcome along the way. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klimchuk@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 188 TC 405 Z9 409 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1 BP 41 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0055-z PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 015UK UT WOS:000235576400003 ER PT J AU Kim, J Freitas, JA Mittereder, J Fitch, R Kang, BS Pearton, SJ Ren, F AF Kim, Jihyun Freitas, J. A., Jr. Mittereder, J. Fitch, R. Kang, B. S. Pearton, S. J. Ren, F. TI Effective temperature measurements of AlGaN/GaN-based HEMT under various load lines using micro-Raman technique SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE HEMT; Raman; temperature; GaN; reliability ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; RECTIFIERS; SCATTERING; DIAMOND; GAN AB We report on contact-free measurement of channel temperature of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under different operation modes. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was successfully used to measure the temperature of operating HEMT devices with < 1 mu m spatial resolution. Channel temperatures at various load lines were compared. The effective operating temperatures of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were accessed from the calibration curve of passively heated AlGaN/GaN structures. A linear increase of junction temperature was observed when DC dissipated power was increased. The temperature of the center of the channel in the HEMT was higher than that near the edge by similar to 30 degrees C at 800 mW DC power. The temperature range of class A operation mode is higher than that of class B operation mode. The operating device reached temperatures as high as 115 degrees C at 800 mW DC input power. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. WPAFB, Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM jihyun.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2005.11.009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 043QN UT WOS:000237616500017 ER PT J AU Robinson, JA Mohney, SE Boos, JB Tinkham, BP Bennett, BR AF Robinson, JA Mohney, SE Boos, JB Tinkham, BP Bennett, BR TI Pd/Pt/Au ohmic contact for AlSb/InAs0.7Sb0.3 heterostructures SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE ohmic contacts; InAs0.7Sb0.3 ID LOW-VOLTAGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSB AB A Pd/Pt/Au ohmic contact to AlSb/InAs0.7Sb0.3 heterostructures has been studied. The contacts provide a contact resistance of 0.07 (+/- 0.01) Omega mm when annealed at 300 degrees C for 15 min. Prior to annealing, the contact reacts non-uniformly with the heterostructure, but not down to the InAs0.7Sb0.3 channel. Following annealing at 300 degrees C for 15 min, the entire heterostructure beneath the contact is consumed down to the underlying AlSb buffer layer. This morphology differs from that reported for optimized ohmic contacts to AlGaAs/GaAs hetero structures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Engn & Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohney, SE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, 109 Steidle Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mohney@ems.psu.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.01.009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 043QN UT WOS:000237616500021 ER PT J AU Wessman, DE Stafford, CM AF Wessman, Dylan E. Stafford, Christopher M. TI The postcardiac injury syndrome: Case report and review of the literature SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE postcardiac injury syndrome; postmyocardial infarction syndrome; postcommissurotomy syndrome; postpericardiotomy syndrome; Dressler syndrome ID POSTPERICARDIOTOMY-SYNDROME; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; DRESSLER-SYNDROME; PERICARDITIS; CHILDREN; SURGERY; BYPASS AB The postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) includes the postmyocardial infarction syndrome, the postcommissurotomy syndrome, and the postpericardiotomy syndrome. Dressler reported a series of patients who developed a pericarditis-like illness days to weeks after a myocardial infarction. Postcardiac injury syndrome also has been observed after cardiac surgery, percutaneous intervention, pacemaker implantation, and radiofrequency ablation. Postcardiac injury syndrome is characterized by pleuritic chest pain, low-grade fever, an abnormal chest x-ray, and the presence of exudative pericardial and/or pleural effusions. The pathophysiology of PCIS involves auto-antibodies that target antigens exposed after damage to cardiac tissue. The treatment of PCIS includes the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Prophylactic use of corticosteroids; before cardiac surgery has not been effective in preventing PCIS. The widespread use of reperfusion therapy and cardiac medications with anti-inflammatory properties may have reduced the incidence of PCIS. Although PCIS can follow a relapsing course, it does carry a favorable prognosis. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wessman, DE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM DEWessman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000203330.15503.0b PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095NQ UT WOS:000241315000027 PM 16553111 ER PT J AU Schwenn, R Raymond, JC Alexander, D Ciaravella, A Gopalswamy, N Howard, R Hudson, H Kaufmann, P Klassen, A Maia, D Munoz-Martinez, G Pick, M Reiner, M Srivastava, N Tripathi, D Vourlidas, A Wang, YM Zhang, J AF Schwenn, R. Raymond, J. C. Alexander, D. Ciaravella, A. Gopalswamy, N. Howard, R. Hudson, H. Kaufmann, P. Klassen, A. Maia, D. Munoz-Martinez, G. Pick, M. Reiner, M. Srivastava, N. Tripathi, D. Vourlidas, A. Wang, Y. -M. Zhang, J. TI Coronal observations of CMEs SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE solar corona; eruptive prominences; coronal mass ejections (CMEs); flares; solar wind; solarmagnetic field; magnetic reconnection; interplanetary shock waves; ICMEs; space weather; solar energetic particles (SEPs); radio bursts ID SELF-SIMILAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EJECTION-ASSOCIATED SHOCK; DURATION SOLAR-FLARE; WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; WHOLE SUN MONTH; X-RAY SOURCES; MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; ACTIVE-REGION AB CMEs have been observed for over 30 years with a wide variety of instruments. It is now possible to derive detailed and quantitative information on CME morphology, velocity, acceleration and mass. Flares associated with CMEs are observed in X-rays, and several different radio signatures are also seen. Optical and UV spectra of CMEs both on the disk and at the limb provide velocities along the line of sight and diagnostics for temperature, density and composition. From the vast quantity of data we attempt to synthesize the current state of knowledge of the properties of CMEs, along with some specific observed characteristics that illuminate the physical processes occurring during CME eruption. These include the common three-part structures of CMEs, which is generally attributed to compressed material at the leading edge, a low-density magnetic bubble and dense prominence gas. Signatures of shock waves are seen, but the location of these shocks relative to the other structures and the occurrence rate at the heights where Solar Energetic Particles are produced remains controversial. The relationships among CMEs, Moreton waves, EIT waves, and EUV dimming are also cloudy. The close connection between CMEs and flares suggests that magnetic reconnection plays an important role in CME eruption and evolution. We discuss the evidence for reconnection in current sheets from white-light, X-ray, radio and UV observations. Finally, we summarize the requirements for future instrumentation that might answer the outstanding questions and the opportunities that new space-based and ground-based observatories will provide in the future. C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. INAF, Osservat Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA USA. NASA GSFC, Lab Extraterr Phys, Greenbelt, MD USA. US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, CRAAM, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, CCS, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, CICGE, Observ Astron Prof Manuel Barros, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, Observ Paris, Meudon, France. Udaipur Solar Observ, Phys Res Lab, Udaipur, India. RP Schwenn, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. EM schwenn@linmpi.mpg.de RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254 NR 223 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9016-y PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109SH UT WOS:000242328400010 ER PT J AU Forbes, TG Linker, JA Chen, J Cid, C Kota, K Lee, MA Mann, G Mikic, Z Potgieter, MS Schmidt, JM Siscoe, GL Vainio, R Antiochos, SK Riley, P AF Forbes, T. G. Linker, J. A. Chen, J. Cid, C. Kota, K. Lee, M. A. Mann, G. Mikic, Z. Potgieter, M. S. Schmidt, J. M. Siscoe, G. L. Vainio, R. Antiochos, S. K. Riley, P. TI CME theory and models SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Sun : Coronal Mass Ejections; CMEs; ICMEs; flares magnetic reconnection; shocks; solar energetic particles (SEPs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; HYDROMAGNETIC WAVE EXCITATION; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; INTERPLANETARY TRAVELING SHOCKS; ION-ACCELERATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; BREAKOUT MODEL AB This chapter provides an overview of current efforts in the theory and modeling of CMEs. Five key areas are discussed: (1) CME initiation; (2) CME evolution and propagation; (3) the structure of interplanetary CMEs derived from flux rope modeling; (4) CME shock formation in the inner corona; and (5) particle acceleration and transport at CME driven shocks. In the section on CME initiation three contemporary models are highlighted. Two of these focus on how energy stored in the coronal magnetic field can be released violently to drive CMEs. The third model assumes that CMEs can be directly driven by currents from below the photosphere. CMEs evolve considerably as they expand from the magnetically dominated lower corona into the advectively dominated solar wind. The section on evolution and propagation presents two approaches to the problem. One is primarily analytical and focuses on the key physical processes involved. The other is primarily numerical and illustrates the complexity of possible interactions between the CME and the ambient medium. The section on flux rope fitting reviews the accuracy and reliability of various methods. The section on shock formation considers the effect of the rapid decrease in the magnetic field and plasma density with height. Finally, in the section on particle acceleration and transport, some recent developments in the theory of diffusive particle acceleration at CME shocks are discussed. These include efforts to combine self-consistently the process of particle acceleration in the vicinity of the shock with the subsequent escape and transport of particles to distant regions. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid, Spain. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. NW Univ, Unit Space Phys, Potchefstroom, South Africa. NW Univ, Sch Phys, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Imperial Coll Space & Atmospher Phys, Blackett Lab, London, England. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Forbes, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH USA. EM terry.forbes@unh.edu RI Vainio, Rami/A-5590-2009; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Vainio, Rami/0000-0002-3298-2067; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 228 TC 216 Z9 221 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9019-8 PG 52 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109SH UT WOS:000242328400013 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Mikic, Z Maia, D Alexander, D Cremades, H Kaufmann, P Tripathi, D Wang, YM AF Gopalswamy, N. Mikic, Z. Maia, D. Alexander, D. Cremades, H. Kaufmann, P. Tripathi, D. Wang, Y. -M. TI The Pre-CME sun SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejections; flares; radio bursts; filaments; prominences; streamers; solar magnetism; active regions; closed and open magnetic fields; pre-eruption signatures; energy storage and release; helicity ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; EMERGING FLUX; X-RAY; TRANSEQUATORIAL LOOPS; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCES; QUIESCENT FILAMENT; HELICITY INJECTION AB The coronal mass ejection (CME) phenomenon occurs in closed magnetic field regions on the Sun such as active regions, filament regions, transequatorial interconnection regions, and complexes involving a combination of these. This chapter describes the current knowledge on these closed field structures and how they lead to CMEs. After describing the specific magnetic structures observed in the CME source region, we compare the substructures of CMEs to what is observed before eruption. Evolution of the closed magnetic structures in response to various photospheric motions over different time scales (convection, differential rotation, meridional circulation) somehow leads to the eruption. We describe this pre-eruption evolution and attempt to link them to the observed features of CMEs. Small-scale energetic signatures in the form of electron acceleration (signified by nonthermal radio bursts at metric wavelengths) and plasma heating (observed as compact soft X-ray brightening) may be indicative of impending CMEs. We survey these pre-eruptive energy releases using observations taken before and during the eruption of several CMEs. Finally, we discuss how the observations can be converted into useful inputs to numerical models that can describe the CME initiation. C1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Fac Ciencias Univ, CICGE, Oporto, Portugal. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Mackenzie Prebyteian Univ, CRAAM, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM gopals@ssedmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012; OI Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254; Maia, Dalmiro/0000-0001-7855-1919 NR 157 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 303 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9020-2 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109SH UT WOS:000242328400014 ER PT J AU Pick, M Forbes, TG Mann, G Cane, HV Chen, J Ciaravella, A Cremades, H Howard, RA Hudson, HS Klassen, A Klein, KL Lee, MA Linker, JA Maia, D Mikic, Z Raymond, JC Reiner, MJ Simnett, GM Srivastava, N Tripathi, D Vainio, R Vourlidas, A Zhang, J Zurbuchen, TH Sheeley, NR Marque, C AF Pick, M. Forbes, T. G. Mann, G. Cane, H. V. Chen, J. Ciaravella, A. Cremades, H. Howard, R. A. Hudson, H. S. Klassen, A. Klein, K. L. Lee, M. A. Linker, J. A. Maia, D. Mikic, Z. Raymond, J. C. Reiner, M. J. Simnett, G. M. Srivastava, N. Tripathi, D. Vainio, R. Vourlidas, A. Zhang, J. Zurbuchen, T. H. Sheeley, N. R. Marque, C. TI Multi-wavelength observations of CMEs and associated phenomena SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; IMPULSIVE ELECTRON EVENTS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; SOLAR-FLARE; SHOCK-WAVE; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT SHEET AB This chapter reviews how our knowledge of CMEs and CME-associated phenomena has been improved, since the launch of the SOHO mission, thanks to multi-wavelength analysis. The combination of data obtained from space-based experiments and ground based instruments allows us to follow the space-time development of an event from the bottom of the corona to large distances in the interplanetary medium. Since CMEs originate in the low solar corona, understanding the physical processes that generate them is strongly dependant on coordinated multi-wavelength observations. CMEs display a large diversity in morphology and kinematic properties, but there is presently no statistical evidence that those properties may serve to group them into different classes. When a CME takes place, the coronal magnetic field undergoes restructuring. Much of the current research is focused on understanding how the corona sustains the stresses that allow the magnetic energy to build up and how, later on, this magnetic energy is released during eruptive flares and CMEs. Multi-wavelength observations have confirmed that reconnection plays a key role during the development of CMEs. Frequently, CMEs display a rather simple shape, exhibiting a well known three-part structure (bright leading edge, dark cavity and bright knot). These types of events have led to the proposal of the ''standard model'' of the development of a CME, a model which predicts the formation of current sheets. A few recent coronal observations provide some evidence for such sheets. Other more complex events correspond to multiple eruptions taking place on a time scale much shorter than the cadence of coronagraph instruments. They are often associated with large-scale dimming and coronal waves. The exact nature of these waves and the physical link between these different manifestations are not yet elucidated. We also discuss what kind of shocks are produced during a flare or a CME. Several questions remain unanswered. What is the nature of the shocks in the corona (blast-wave or piston-driven?) How they are related to Moreton waves seen in H alpha? How they are related to interplanetary shocks? The last section discusses the origin of energetic electrons detected in the corona and in the interplanetary medium. "Complex type III-like events,"which are detected at hectometric wavelengths, high in the corona, and are associated with CMEs, appear to originate from electrons that have been accelerated lower in the corona and not at the bow shock of CMEs. Similarly, impulsive energetic electrons observed in the interplanetary medium are not the exclusive result of electron acceleration at the bow shocks of CMEs; rather they have a coronal origin. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, Meudon, France. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. NASA GSFC, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC USA. INAF Osserv Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Max Planck Inst Sonnenforsch, Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Observ Astron, CICGE, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal. Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Udaipur Solar Observ, Phys Res Lab, Udaipur, India. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfield, VA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Pick, M (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, Meudon, France. EM monique.pick@obspm.fr RI Vainio, Rami/A-5590-2009; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012 OI Vainio, Rami/0000-0002-3298-2067; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254 NR 153 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9021-1 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109SH UT WOS:000242328400015 ER PT J AU Goldstein, L Kozyrev, V AF Goldstein, L Kozyrev, V TI China, Japan and the scramble for Siberia SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB If an emerging Sino-Russian energy nexus becomes sufficiently robust, there could be profound geopolitical consequences, including most significantly the consolidation of a bipolar order (China versus the United States) in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan's competing pipeline initiative suddenly appeared to become the front-runner in 2004, partly as a consequence of the Kremlin campaign against Yukos. Nevertheless, Russia's current plan represents a cautious strategy to preserve its flexibility and delay the difficult decision. The West should vigorously campaign for a route that reaches the shores of the Pacific, in order to enhance multipolarity in the Asia-Pacific region. C1 USN, War Coll, Eurasia Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02840 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Asian & African Studies, Moscow 117234, Russia. RP Goldstein, L (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Eurasia Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD SPR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1080/00396330600594355 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 027KJ UT WOS:000236414200010 ER PT J AU Ricks-Laskoski, HL Buckley, LJ AF Ricks-Laskoski, HL Buckley, LJ TI Twenty-year aging study of electrically conductive polypyrrole films SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE polypyrrole; electrical conductivity; aging; conjugated polymers ID DOPED POLYACETYLENE; STABILITY; DEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY AB The stability of heterocyclic conjugated polymer films doped with various derivatives of arylsulfonates was investigated over a 20-year period. All polypyrrole films were polymerized electrochemically without special precautions to exclude air, placed into polyethylene pouches, and stored to preserve against extreme temperature changes and exposure to light. The electrical conductivity of these films has been shown to change no more than one order of magnitude over this long period of time suggesting polypyrroles doped with these anions do in fact provide an added benefit in producing relatively stable conductive polymer films. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Leonard.Buckley@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 5-6 BP 417 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.01.004 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 039YJ UT WOS:000237344300011 ER PT J AU Cheung, KKW Elsberry, RL AF Cheung, KKW Elsberry, RL TI Model sensitivities in numerical simulations of the formation of Typhoon Robyn (1993) SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Severe Weather Research in Taiwan CY 2002 CL Taipei, TAIWAN ID TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATIONS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HURRICANE DIANA 1984; OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS; GENESIS; PREDICTION; MONSOON; CONVECTION; TCM-93; STORMS AB The PSU-NCAR mesoscale model MM5 with an 81-km (27-km) resolution coarse (fine) grid is used to simulate the formation of Typhoon Robyn (1993) in the western North Pacific. This study examines the roles of mesoscale convective system (MCS) during Robyn's formation, and also focuses on the sensitivity of the simulations of Robyn's intensification to the choice of cumulus parameterization, planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization, and the explicit moisture scheme in the model. The control experiment with the Betts-Miller cumulus parameterization, the PBL treatment as in the NCEP Medium Range Forecast (MRF) model, and the Reisner explicit moisture scheme with predicted number concentrations of snow, ice, and graupel has the closest intensification profile to the best track. The control experiment can also reproduce quite well the successive MCSs associated with the development of Typhoon Robyn. The control experiment is then validated with aircraft observations taken during the TCM-93 field experiment. Varying the cumulus parameterization scheme has the largest impact on the simulations of the intensification of Robyn. An experiment with a more tropical relaxation reference profile in the Betts-Miller scheme, and two others using the Kain-Fritsch and the Grell schemes all underestimate the intensification of Robyn. In addition to the MRF PBL scheme, the PBL scheme from the NCEP Eta model, the Burk-Thompson, and the Gayno-Seaman schemes are tested. Little impact on the intensification and track of Typhoon Robyn is found from a change in the PBL treatment. Examination of the convection and cloud water in the PBL of these experiments reveals that the PBL in the MRF scheme is relatively dry due to its active vertical mixing, as found in previous studies such as Braun and Tao (2000). Although the magnitudes of impacts from different explicit moisture calculations are less than that of the cumulus parameterization, they do affect the intensification of Typhoon Robyn through their interaction with the cumulus parameterization. All three explicit schemes (simple ice calculation, mixed-phase model, and Schultz scheme) underestimate the intensity of Robyn. Examination of the convective rainfall shows that the deviations among these experiments are due to modified convective cloud patterns by the explicit moisture variables. C1 Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Montercy, CA USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, Taipei, Taiwan. EM cheung@ncdr.nat.gov.tw NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 53 EP 89 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 050TK UT WOS:000238111200004 ER PT J AU Peng, JY Jou, BJD Peng, MS Fang, J Wu, RS AF Peng, JY Jou, BJD Peng, MS Fang, J Wu, RS TI The formation of concentric eyewalls with heat sink in a simple tropical cyclone model SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Severe Weather Research in Taiwan CY 2002 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE tropical cyclone; concentric eyewall; simple linear model; heat sink ID HURRICANE GILBERT; VORTEX; EVOLUTION AB A linearized, two-layer axisymmetric model analogous to Schubert el al. (1980) is used to simulate the formation of concentric eyewalls in an ideal strong tropical cyclone. By imposing a heat sink near the center of a cyclone the induced perturbation wind, through thermodynamic adjustment to the heat sink, forms a double-peak structure when the disturbance is added to the basic state tangential wind. The heat sink represents, in a crude way, evaporative cooling of precipitation falling from cloud during late stage convective activity or a cooling through environmental advection. Detailed profiling of the induced double-peak wind structure is dependent on the radial profile of the imposed heat sink. After the double-peak tangential wind structure is formed, if a heat source corresponding to a new convective activity is generated inside the outer maximum tangential wind, the outer eyewall contracts and strengthens while the inner eyewall weakens. This result suggests that thermodynamic adjustments to changes in the heating of a tropical-cyclone-core region may contribute to the formation of the double-eyewall phenomenon. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Jou, BJD (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM jou@hp735.as.ntu.edu.tw OI JOU, BEN JONG DAO/0000-0001-5715-042X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 050TK UT WOS:000238111200006 ER PT J AU John, V Liakos, A AF John, V Liakos, A TI Time-dependent flow across a step: the slip with friction boundary condition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; slip with friction boundary conditions; flow across a step ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; BENCHMARK PROBLEM; HYDRODYNAMICS; CHANNEL AB The paper Studies numerically the slip with friction boundary condition in the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical tests oil two- and three-dimensional channel flows across a Step using this boundary condition oil the bottom wall are performed. The influence of the friction parameter oil the flow field is Studied and the results are explained according to the physics of the flow. Due to the stretching and tilting of vortices, the three-dimensional results differ in many respects from the two-dimensional ones. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Saarland, FR 6 1, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP John, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM john@math.uni-sb.de; liakos@usna.edu NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 713 EP 731 DI 10.1002/fld.1074 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 014SE UT WOS:000235499400005 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM Ericson, LM AF Bermudez, VM Ericson, LM TI Infrared spectroscopic study of O-2 interaction with carbon nanotubes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; TRAPPED CO2; THIN-FILMS; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; SURFACE; OXYGEN; ABSORPTION; BUNDLES AB Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopic measurements have been performed on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), cleaned by heating to similar to 500 degrees C in vacuo, during exposure to pure O-16(2) or O-18(2) at room temperature and at pressures of up to similar to 630 Torr. No vibrational signature of any form of adsorbed 0 is detected. However, structure is seen which is very similar to that observed for the adsorption of atomic H or D and which indicates changes in the SWNT vibrational spectrum. The close similarity between the spectra for atomic H and D, on one hand, and O-2 on the other is an unexpected result. Changes are also noted in the broad background extending throughout the mid-IR which arises from the Drude contribution to the reflectance. All these effects increase with O-2 exposure and are essentially irreversible upon evacuation of the gas. The results are consistent with other data indicating that O-2 interacts only weakly with, and does not chemisorb on, pristine regions of the SWNT under these conditions. The small and irreversible effects seen upon O-2 exposure are interpreted in terms of enhanced chemisorption, at or near defective regions of the SWNT wall, which saturates at a low O coverage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 2258 EP 2263 DI 10.1021/la052548v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 018DR UT WOS:000235744500047 PM 16489815 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW Farahmand, K AF Kaufman, JW Farahmand, K TI In vivo measurements of human oral cavity heat and water vapor transport SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiration; heat exchange; mass transfer; mechanics of breathing ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; SALT AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HUMAN UPPER AIRWAYS; TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AIR; DEPOSITION; INHALATION; EXERCISE; GROWTH AB Oral heat and water vapor transport may play a significant role in maintaining airway health. This study intended to develop a technique for measuring heat and mass transfer coefficients in the human oral cavity as a function of flow rate. A multi-thermocouple probe was developed which simultaneously measures dry and wet bulb temperatures at two airstream sites while also measuring three buccal wall temperatures. Oral temperature data (airstream and buccal surface) were acquired from eight subjects (two females and six males) breathing at varying flow rates to calculate transport coefficients. Techniques used to validate probe accuracy included correlating experimentally measured heat transfer in a smooth pipe with theoretical plug flow in a circular conduit. Experimental results suggest that modeling the oral cavity as a circular conduit is problematic because NU measured in a heated pipe differs so greatly from Nu measured in the oral cavity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Human Performance Technol Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Human Performance Technol Branch, Code 4656,Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM jonathan.kaufman@navy.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2005.05.016 PG 17 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 021IO UT WOS:000235977100018 PM 15979952 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Ngundi, MM Moore, MH Lassman, ME Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Ngundi, MM Moore, MH Lassman, ME Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS TI Rapid detection of foodborne contaminants using an Array Biosensor SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Array Biosensor; sandwich immunoassay; competitive immunoassay; bacteria; Campylobacter jejuni; mycotoxins; multi-analyte ID FOOD SAMPLES; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANALYTES AB Foodborne contaminants come in a variety of sizes ranging from simple chemical compounds to entire bacterial cells. Due to public health concerns, there is a current need in the food industry for a sensitive, specific and rapid method to monitor for the presence of these toxic species, either as a result of natural or deliberate contamination. The Array Biosensor developed at the NRL encompasses these qualities, including the ability to measure multiple analytes simultaneously on a single substrate. In this study, we demonstrate the Array Biosensor's ability to measure both large pathogens, such as the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), and small toxins, including the mycotoxins ochratoxin A, fumonisin B, aflatoxin B-1 and deoxynivalenol. Sandwich immunoassays were used to measure C. jejuni in buffer and a number of food matrices, while competitive immunoassays, taking only 15 min, were developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins. The combination of sandwich and competitive immunoassay formats on a single substrate was demonstrated, allowing the simultaneous detection of both large (C. jejuni) and small (aflatoxin B 1) food contaminants. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 2 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 016AP UT WOS:000235593200005 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Ko, DS Slingerland, RL Riedlinger, S Flynn, P AF Keen, TR Ko, DS Slingerland, RL Riedlinger, S Flynn, P TI Potential transport pathways of terrigenous material in the Gulf of Papua SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TORRES STRAIT; NEW-GUINEA; MODEL; CIRCULATION; ISLANDS; WATER; SEA AB This work discusses potential transport pathways of terrigenous material in the Gulf of Papua (GoP), New Guinea, using Lagrangian tracers as proxies for clay minerals and finer particles. The tracers are transported by currents from the East Asia Seas implementation of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model. The results suggest that clay minerals input from rivers along the northwest coast of the GoP accumulate on the inner shelf with high concentrations near the mouth of the Fly and Purari Rivers. Finer particles, which are also representative of dissolved metals, are transported eastward along the GoP coast into the Solomon Sea as well as into the Torres Strait to the west. The results also suggest that some finer particles are entrained by eddies within the northern Coral Sea. These results are in qualitative agreement with observations from the region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04608 DI 10.1029/2005GL025416 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021EG UT WOS:000235965900006 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Bingert, JF Rowenhorst, DJ Gupta, A Geltmacher, AB Spanos, G AF Lewis, AC Bingert, JF Rowenhorst, DJ Gupta, A Geltmacher, AB Spanos, G TI Two- and three-dimensional microstructural characterization of a super-austenitic stainless steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE three-dimensional (3D) analysis; 3D reconstruction; austenitic steels; electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); grain boundary characterization ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; INTERGRANULAR CRACKING; TILT BOUNDARIES; SENSITIZATION; CORROSION; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; CLASSIFICATION; VISUALIZATION; PRECIPITATION; NI-16CR-9FE AB The microstructure, of AL-6XN, a commercial super-austenitic stainless steel, was investigated using novel two- and three-dimensional (3D) analysis and characterization techniques. The austenite matrix, the second-phase sigma precipitates, and the relationships between them have been analyzed, with particular emphasis on the true 3D microstructure of the material, including grain boundary character, grain morphologies and connectivity. A combination of serial sectioning with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis allowed for reconstruction of individual grains, and definition of all five degrees of freedom of the grain boundary planes. Second-phase sigma particle size and morphology, crystallography, composition, potential formation mechanisms, orientation relationships, and coherency with the matrix have been analyzed. These results provide boundary conditions for atomistic calculations of specific grain boundary structures as well as the basis for mesoscale image-based models of mechanical behavior of the microstructures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 418 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.088 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 018MV UT WOS:000235769400002 ER PT J AU Haines, MG LePell, PD Coverdale, CA Jones, B Deeney, C Apruzese, JP AF Haines, MG LePell, PD Coverdale, CA Jones, B Deeney, C Apruzese, JP TI Ion viscous heating in a magnetohydrodynamically unstable Z pinch at over 2x10(9) Kelvin SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIRE NUMBER; PLASMA; ARGON; NEON AB Pulsed power driven metallic wire-array Z pinches are the most powerful and efficient laboratory x-ray sources. Furthermore, under certain conditions the soft x-ray energy radiated in a 5 ns pulse at stagnation can exceed the estimated kinetic energy of the radial implosion phase by a factor of 3 to 4. A theoretical model is developed here to explain this, allowing the rapid conversion of magnetic energy to a very high ion temperature plasma through the generation of fine scale, fast-growing m=0 interchange MHD instabilities at stagnation. These saturate nonlinearly and provide associated ion viscous heating. Next the ion energy is transferred by equipartition to the electrons and thus to soft x-ray radiation. Recent time-resolved iron spectra at Sandia confirm an ion temperature T-i of over 200 keV (2x10(9) degrees), as predicted by theory. These are believed to be record temperatures for a magnetically confined plasma. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. EM m.haines@imperial.ac.uk NR 14 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 24 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 7 AR 075003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.075003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 015LY UT WOS:000235554100039 PM 16606100 ER PT J AU Feng, ZC Yu, JW Zhao, J Yang, TR Karunasiri, RPG Lu, W Collins, WE AF Feng, ZC Yu, JW Zhao, J Yang, TR Karunasiri, RPG Lu, W Collins, WE TI Optical and material properties of sandwiched Si/SiGe/Si heterostructures SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asian Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition CY NOV 12-14, 2004 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE SiGe; MOCVD; XRD; Raman; FTIR; RBS; SIMS ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ALLOYS; PRESSURE AB Si1-xGex layers sandwiched between Si were grown at low temperature of 450 degrees C by molecular beam epitaxy. A comprehensive characterization has been performed on these heterostructures by multiple techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence, Raman scattering, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Rutherford backscatteiing spectrometry (RBS), ion channeling and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). XRD confirmed the single crystallinity and the (100) orientation of the Si1-xGex layer. The Ge compositions and layer thicknesses were precisely determined by RBS. FTIR measurements revealed the vibration modes of Si-O-Si from the oxidation on surface and Si-H due to the hydrogenization during growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst ElectroOpt Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Tianjin Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Informat, Tianjin 300074, Peoples R China. Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 107, Taiwan. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Feng, ZC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst ElectroOpt Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM zcfeng@ee.cc.ntu.edu.tw NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 24 PY 2006 VL 200 IS 10 BP 3265 EP 3269 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.07.027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 013RN UT WOS:000235427000034 ER PT J AU Meltzer, PC Butler, D Deschamps, JR Madras, BK AF Meltzer, PC Butler, D Deschamps, JR Madras, BK TI 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (pyrovalerone) analogues: A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COCAINE BINDING-SITES; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; H-3 COCAINE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; HIGH-AFFINITY; STRIATUM; DRUGS; RECEPTORS; ABUSE AB Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are essential for neurotransmission in the mammalian system. These three neurotransmitters have been the focus of considerable research because the modulation of their production and their interaction at monoamine receptors has profound effects upon a multitude of pharmacological outcomes. Our interest has focused on neurotransmitter reuptake mechanisms in a search for medications for cocaine abuse. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of an array of 2-aminopentanophenones. This array has yielded selective inhibitors of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters with little effect upon serotonin trafficking. A subset of compounds had no significant affinity at 5HT(1A), 5HT(1B), 5HT(1C), D-1, D-2, or D-3 receptors. The lead compound, racemic 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one 4a, was resolved into its enantiomers and the S isomer was found to be the most biologically active enantiomer. Among the most potent of these DAT/NET selective compounds are the 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- (4u) and the 1-naphthyl- (4t) 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one analogues. C1 Organix Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Meltzer, PC (reprint author), Organix Inc, 240 Salem St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM Meltzer@organixinc.com OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K26 RR000168, P51 RR000168, P51 RR000168-360068, RR00168]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA11542, DA 0007, DA 2-8822, DA06303, DA1-8825, DA11558, DA15305, K05 DA015305, K05 DA015305-04, R01 DA006303, R01 DA011542, R01 DA011542-08, R01 DA011558, R37 DA006303, R37 DA006303-15] NR 48 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1420 EP 1432 DI 10.1021/jm050797a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 016MR UT WOS:000235624800022 PM 16480278 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Wang, J Kawde, AN Xiang, Y Gothelf, KV Collins, G AF Hansen, JA Wang, J Kawde, AN Xiang, Y Gothelf, KV Collins, G TI Quantum-dot/aptamer-based ultrasensitive multi-analyte electrochemical biosensor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID APTAMERS; PROTEINS C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Interdisciplinary nanosci Ctr, iNANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM joseph.wang@asu.edu RI Kawde, Abdel-Nasser/C-3490-2015; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 OI Kawde, Abdel-Nasser/0000-0002-4026-2254; FU EAPO CDC HHS [R01 EP 0002189]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 056047-02] NR 17 TC 368 Z9 380 U1 12 U2 164 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 7 BP 2228 EP 2229 DI 10.1021/ja060005h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 015PI UT WOS:000235562900037 PM 16478173 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Passerini, S Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Henderson, WA Young, VG Passerini, S Trulove, PC De Long, HC TI Plastic phase transitions in N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfony)imide SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; CRYSTAL PHASES; PYRROLIDINIUM CATIONS; DICYANAMIDE ANION; ORGANIC SALTS; MOLTEN-SALTS; AMMONIUM; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; ALKYLPYRROLIDINIUM AB The salt N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR12TFSI) undergoes several solid-solid phase transitions before melting at 91 degrees C. At -120 degrees C, the crystal structure consists of ordered ions (phase IV). After the solid-solid phase transition at -85 degrees C, however, all of the PYR12+ and TFSI- ions become disordered, forming a plastic crystalline phase (phase III). We report here the PYR12TFSI phase III and IV structures determined from single-crystal diffraction data using the same crystal. The two structures are compared to elucidate the mechanism of the phase transition and gain a greater understanding of disordering modes of ions in the solid state. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 934 EP 938 DI 10.1021/cm051936f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 014FY UT WOS:000235466000012 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, K TI Compactness of the space of causal curves SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article AB We prove that the space of causal Curves between compact subsets of a separable globally hyperbolic poset is itself compact in the Vietoris topology. Although this result implies the usual result in general relativity, its proof does not require the use of geometry or differentiable structure, but instead relies solely on order theoretic Structure. This goes a step further than Sorkin and Woolgar's (1996 Class. Quantum Grav. 13 197 1-94) recasting of global causal analysis in terms of both topology and order. Our setting derives topology from order, and suggests that the natural way to topologize the space of causal Curves is with the Vietoris topology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1251 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/23/4/011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 023OS UT WOS:000236136700014 ER PT J AU Crespos, C Meyer, HD Mowrey, RC Kroes, GJ AF Crespos, C Meyer, HD Mowrey, RC Kroes, GJ TI Multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method applied to molecular dissociation on surfaces: H-2+Pt(111) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; AB-INITIO QUANTUM; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; PROPAGATING WAVEPACKETS; PRODUCT REPRESENTATION; DIFFRACTIVE SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; ACTIVATED ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION AB Four-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations are performed on the dissociative chemisorption of H-2 on Pt(111) using the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. The aim of this work is to study the performance of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method for a gas-surface reaction by comparison with the standard time-dependent wave-packet propagation method. The initial-state resolved dissociation probability of H-2 is calculated within two four-dimensional models. The first four-dimensional model treats explicitly the rotational motion of the molecule and the H-2 dissociation is studied above two different sites of the Pt(111). For this model, only a potential-energy surface of general form was available. This potential was refitted to a sum of product form to allow efficient calculations with the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. The second model focuses on the description of the center-of-mass motion parallel to the surface, the rotational motion of the molecule being frozen. These four-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations yield important insights which can help with performing full six-dimensional calculations on H-2 dissociating on Pt(111). The multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method is shown to be particularly efficient for computing initial-state selective dissociation probabilities for the system studied, with a good accuracy and a reduced amount of memory and computational time when compared to the standard time-dependent wave-packet method. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR 5803 CNRS, Lab Physicochim Mol, F-33405 Talence, France. Heidelberg Univ, Theoret Chem Phys Chem Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leiden Univ, Gorlaeus Labs, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR 5803 CNRS, Lab Physicochim Mol, 351 Course Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM c.crespos@lpcm.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/B-5611-2008 OI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/0000-0003-1365-0144 NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 7 AR 074706 DI 10.1063/1.2171246 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 014IP UT WOS:000235473500048 PM 16497069 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Herstedt, M Young, VG Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, WA Herstedt, M Young, VG Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI New disordering mode for TFSI- anions: The nonequilibrium, plastic crystalline structure of Et4NTFSI SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MOLTEN-SALTS; TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CATION; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; PHASES; IMIDE AB A new TFSI- anion disordering mode has been discovered in a supercooled plastic crystalline phase of Et4NTFSI, which may, in part, account for the low melting points of TFSI- salts with organic cations, thereby forming ionic liquids, and the intriguing properties of LiTFSI for lithium battery applications. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, Lab Physicochim Mol, UMR 5803, CNRS, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1412 EP 1414 DI 10.1021/ic0513742 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 014LD UT WOS:000235480700003 PM 16471945 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M AF Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M TI Cold atom guidance using a binary spatial light modulator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DARK OPTICAL TRAPS; NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; GENERATION; MANIPULATION AB We have guided cold Rb-85 atoms in a blue-detuned, high-order hollow laser beam generated by a binary spatial light modulator. The binary holograms written to the modulator produce smooth hollow laser beams with steep intensity walls that can be updated with a 1.6 kHz refresh rate. We analyze the guiding laser beams numerically and experimentally, and show that the atoms are exposed to an average intensity that is similar to 2% of the maximum intensity of the guide at a laser detuning of 1 GHz and 2 mW of optical power. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 20 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1368 EP 1375 DI 10.1364/OE.14.001368 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 013QO UT WOS:000235424400003 PM 19503459 ER PT J AU Higgs, BW Weller, J Solka, JL AF Higgs, BW Weller, J Solka, JL TI Spectral embedding finds meaningful (relevant) structure in image and microarray data SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; GEOMETRIC DIFFUSIONS; STRUCTURE DEFINITION; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; CELL-CYCLE; TOOL AB Background: Accurate methods for extraction of meaningful patterns in high dimensional data have become increasingly important with the recent generation of data types containing measurements across thousands of variables. Principal components analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction (DR) method that is unsupervised in that it relies only on the data; projections are calculated in Euclidean or a similar linear space and do not use tuning parameters for optimizing the fit to the data. However, relationships within sets of nonlinear data types, such as biological networks or images, are frequently mis-rendered into a low dimensional space by linear methods. Nonlinear methods, in contrast, attempt to model important aspects of the underlying data structure, often requiring parameter(s) fitting to the data type of interest. In many cases, the optimal parameter values vary when different classification algorithms are applied on the same rendered subspace, making the results of such methods highly dependent upon the type of classifier implemented. Results: We present the results of applying the spectral method of Lafon, a nonlinear DR method based on the weighted graph Laplacian, that minimizes the requirements for such parameter optimization for two biological data types. We demonstrate that it is successful in determining implicit ordering of brain slice image data and in classifying separate species in microarray data, as compared to two conventional linear methods and three nonlinear methods (one of which is an alternative spectral method). This spectral implementation is shown to provide more meaningful information, by preserving important relationships, than the methods of DR presented for comparison. Tuning parameter fitting is simple and is a general, rather than data type or experiment specific approach, for the two datasets analyzed here. Tuning parameter optimization is minimized in the DR step to each subsequent classification method, enabling the possibility of valid cross-experiment comparisons. Conclusion: Results from the spectral method presented here exhibit the desirable properties of preserving meaningful nonlinear relationships in lower dimensional space and requiring minimal parameter fitting, providing a useful algorithm for purposes of visualization and classification across diverse datasets, a common challenge in systems biology. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Higgs, BW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM bhiggs@gmu.edu; jweller@gmu.edu; jlsolka@gmail.com OI Higgs, Brandon/0000-0002-2951-0245 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD FEB 16 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-74 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 019HI UT WOS:000235825800001 PM 16483359 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Santee, ML Froidevaux, L Hoppel, K Livesey, NJ Waters, JW AF Manney, GL Santee, ML Froidevaux, L Hoppel, K Livesey, NJ Waters, JW TI EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004-2005 Arctic winter SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIMB SOUNDER MEASUREMENTS AB Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder O(3) and N(2)O are used to examine transport and chemical O(3) loss in the unusually cold 2004 - 2005 Arctic winter. The vortex was dynamically active, with episodic mixing events throughout the winter; descent was the dominant transport process only through late January. Before the onset of lower stratospheric chemical loss, O(3) was higher near the vortex edge than in the vortex core, causing different effects of mixing depending on the vortex region and time, either masking or mimicking chemical loss. O(3) loss ceased by 10 March because of an early final warming. Rough estimates suggest maximum vortex- averaged O(3) loss of 1.2-1.5 ppmv between 450 and 500 K, with up to similar to 2 ppmv loss in the outer vortex near 500 K. Despite record cold, chemical O(3) loss was less in 2004 - 2005 than in previous cold Arctic winters. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04802 DI 10.1029/2005GL024494 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 017EB UT WOS:000235675800002 ER PT J AU Comin, MJ Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Marquez, VE AF Comin, MJ Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Marquez, VE TI Synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes functionalized at the tip of the cyclopropane ring. Application to the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OLEFIN CROSS-METATHESIS; INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOPROPANATION; DIAZO-COMPOUNDS; NEPLANOCIN-C; CATALYSTS; THYMIDINE AB A general synthetic strategy for the preparation of functionalized bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes is described. The new approach employs a cross metathesis step designed to functionalize the appropriate terminal olefin of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane precursor and a carbene-mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction on the corresponding diazo intermediate. This combined methodology allowed the diastereoselective introduction of chemically diverse substituents at the tip of the cyclopropane group, except in cases where the substituents consisted of electron-withdrawing groups where a competing [3 + 2] cycloaddition predominated. C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@mail.nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1021/ol052886n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 015EN UT WOS:000235534800040 PM 16468747 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Soto, CM Blum, AS Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ligler, FS Ratna, BR AF Sapsford, KE Soto, CM Blum, AS Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ligler, FS Ratna, BR TI A cowpea mosaic virus nanoscaffold for multiplexed antibody conjugation: Application as an immunoassay tracer SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cowpea mosaic virus; antibody; immunoassay; array biosensor ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; PARTICLES; BIOSENSOR; FOOD; DNA AB Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), an icosahedral 30 nm virus, offers a uniquely programmable biological nanoscaffold. This study reports initial optimization of the simultaneous modification of two CPMV mutants with AlexaFluor (R) 647 fluorescent dyes and either IgG proteins or antibodies at specific sites on the virus scaffold. The capacity of CPMV as a simultaneous carrier for different types of molecules was demonstrated, specifically, when applied as a tracer in direct and sandwich immunoassays. The ability to label the virus capsid with antibody and up to 60 fluorescent dyes resulted in an improved limit of detection in SEB sandwich inummoassays, when used as a tracer, relative to a mole equivalent of dye-labeled antibody. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ratna, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ksap@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; brr@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1668 EP 1673 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.09.003 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 014PT UT WOS:000235492900036 PM 16216488 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Left-handed material anisotropy effect on guided wave electromagnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS; LAYERED MEDIA; MATRIX-METHOD; PROPAGATION; PERMITTIVITY AB Effect of anisotropy on the physical tensor description of the negative index of refraction material acting as a substrate is found on the electromagnetic field distributions. This is done for the case of a microstrip structure, whose configuration is commonly used in microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits. These ab initio studies have been done self-consistently with a computer code using a full-wave integral equation numerical method based on generalized Green's function utilizing appropriate boundary conditions. Field distributions are provided over two decades of frequency in the cross section of the uniform guided wave structure, from 0.2 to 20 GHz. It is found that modifying the tensor can allow control because the wave changes volumetrically, or switches from volumetric to surface, in its distribution of fields. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 AR 044914 DI 10.1063/1.2172702 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 016ZF UT WOS:000235663100069 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ AF Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ TI Oxynitride mediated epitaxy of gallium nitride on silicon(111) substrates in a merged hydride/metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy system SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; MOCVD; HVPE; silicon; oxynitride ID THERMAL-STABILITY; ANNEALING AMBIENT; COSI2 FILMS; LARGE-AREA; GAN; GROWTH; LAYER; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; OXIDE AB A technique was developed to deposit GaN on a Si(111) substrate by a four-step process in a single reactor: formation of ultra-thin oxide, conversion to an oxynitride via NH3 exposure at the onset of growth, low-temperature MOCVD of GaN, followed by HVPE of GaN. It was found that this oxynitride compliant layer served to relieve stress at the GaN/Si interface as well as protect the Si substrate from reaction with free Ga atoms present during the initial stages of growth and interfacial reactions with the adjoining GaN film. Electron microscopy revealed that an ultra-thin (less than 2 nm) oxynitride could maintain the hexagonal epitaxial relationship of the Si substrate allowing growth of single crystal GaN. It was shown experimentally that formation of a thicker oxynitride layer was detrimental to GaN epitaxy due to loss of the epitaxial relationship. In the final HVPE step, single crystal GaN films were deposited from a traditional growth temperature of 950 down to 560 degrees C which is the lowest reported temperature for VPE of single crystal GaN. The unique reactor configuration allowed the HVPE process to initiate on a pristine MOCVD GaN surface. Additionally, epitaxy at low temperature was achievable due to the presence of free HCl which suppresses the formation of energetically unstable nuclei. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 127 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.09.008 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 011MV UT WOS:000235273300016 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE TI Evolution of Si0.8Ge0.2 quantum dots during Si encapsulation SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; atomic force microscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; SiGe heteroepitaxy; Si(100); Ge segregation; surface morphology; molecular beam epitaxy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GE SURFACE SEGREGATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ISLAND FORMATION; SI(001); GROWTH; STRAIN; SHAPE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MORPHOLOGY AB Surface structure, determined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), surface morphology, determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface composition, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 20.0 nm Si0.8Ge0.2 quantum dots formed at 800 degrees C and encapsulated with 0-10 nm of Si at 500 degrees C and 800 degrees C are presented. It is observed that the quantum dot surface morphology changes during the Si encapsulation at 800 degrees C by the smoothing of the quantum dots. The height of the quantum dots decreases faster than can be accounted for from the amount of Si deposited, indicating that there is movement of material out of the quantum dots during the encapsulation process. Encapsulation at 500 degrees C results in a retention of the quantum dot surface morphology with increased Ge segregation compared to Si encapsulation at 800 degrees C. We conclude that the changing surface morphology at 800 degrees C is not the result of Ge segregation but due to intermixing resulting from the tensile strain of Si depositing on SiGe. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812 Solid State Devices,4555 Overlook Ave S, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glenn.gernigan@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 4 BP 933 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.12.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 017WH UT WOS:000235723500024 ER PT J AU He, MQ Mohammad, SN AF He, MQ Mohammad, SN TI Novel chemical-vapor deposition technique for the synthesis of high-quality single-crystal nanowires and nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; NITRIDE NANOWIRES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; GAN NANOWIRES; INAS WIRES; GAAS; INDIUM; GLASS; DOTS AB The strength and versatility of a chemical-vapor deposition technique for thin, long, uniform, single-crystal, good-quality nanowire growth, without the use of template, have been described. Remarkably, while the full width at half maximum of a high-quality GaN thin film is 4 meV, that of a GaN whisker is 9 meV, which confirms high quality of the grown whiskers and nanowires. The versatility of the method is reflected by its ability to produce II-VI and III-V binary, ternary, and even, for the first time, quaternary nanowires in a controlled manner. The same versatility enables the realization of both cubic and hexagonal phases of nanowires and nanotubes. Chemical-vapor deposition technique generally makes use of highly poisonous arsine and phosphine for the synthesis of As- and P-based films. The present one is free from this shortcoming; it can produce As- and P-based nanowires without the use of these poisonous gases. A notable feature of the method is that properties of nanowires thus synthesized depend strongly on their shape, size, and geometry, and that certain growth conditions can only lead to such shapes and sizes. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 6 AR 064714 DI 10.1063/1.2166357 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 012AA UT WOS:000235309400048 PM 16483236 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Pehrsson, PE Laracuente, AR AF Simpkins, BS Pehrsson, PE Laracuente, AR TI Electronic conduction in GaN nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT; SILICON; OXYGEN; NANODEVICES; JUNCTIONS; GERMANIUM; CRYSTALS AB Conductivity mechanisms in unintentionally doped GaN nanowires (NWs) are studied. Gated current-voltage measurements and threshold voltage modeling demonstrate the unique impact of device parameters on NW field-effect transistors as compared to conventional systems. Temperature-dependent resistivity results, acquired with a scanning tunneling microscope equipped with multiple tips, reveal only mild temperature dependence at higher temperatures, with temperature-independent resistivity observed below similar to 100 K indicating impurity band conduction. The likely origins and implications of these results are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 7 AR 072111 DI 10.1063/1.2177629 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 013EX UT WOS:000235393700057 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Duration- and fetch-limited growth functions of wind-generated waves parameterized with three different scaling wind velocities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DRAG COEFFICIENT; SURFACE-WAVES; ROUGHNESS; SPECTRUM; STAGE AB [1] Under steady wind forcing, wave development follows the duration-and fetch-limited growth laws. These growth functions are used extensively to obtain the sea state information when only limited observations of the environmental variables are available. Validation and verification of wave models also employ numerical experiments of duration- and fetch-limited wave growth as benchmark tests. The reference wind speed reported in most of the wave-growth data is the equivalent neutral wind speed at 10 m elevation, U-10. It is generally believed that a more suitable scaling wind speed is either the wind friction velocity, u(*), or the wind speed at an elevation proportional to the wavelength of the ocean surface fluctuation, U-lambda/2. The connection among the growth functions using different velocity scales is the drag coefficient of the ocean surface. In this paper, the similarity relation of the drag coefficient based on wavelength scaling is applied to the conversion of the wave growth functions from U-10 to U-lambda/2 and u(*) scaling. The results are in good agreement with field measurements that include direct u(*) measurements. Comparisons with numerical model output are also described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 2,Room 244E,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phwang@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C2 AR C02005 DI 10.1029/2005JC003180 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 012TT UT WOS:000235363600003 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Rowland, HL AF Keskinen, MJ Rowland, HL TI Magnetospheric effects from man-made ELF/VLF modulation of the auroral electrojet SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; LOWER IONOSPHERE; ELF WAVES; GENERATION; PROPAGATION; SATELLITE; HEATER AB [1] A model for the magnetospheric effects of ELF/VLF modulation of the auroral electrojet using high-power ground-based high-frequency radio waves is developed. The effects of ducted topside whistler wave power flux, as generated from ELF/VLF auroral electrojet modulation, on the magnetospheric equatorial pitch angle diffusion coefficient are computed for a range of ELF/VLF modulation frequencies. We find that the precipitation lifetime in the presence of this whistler wave flux is smaller than for purely collisional processes. We find that aspects of the model are in agreement with recent experimental observations. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 11 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 AR RS1006 DI 10.1029/2005RS003274 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 012UE UT WOS:000235364800001 ER PT J AU McClure-Griffiths, NM Ford, A Pisano, DJ Gibson, BK Staveley-Smith, L Calabretta, MR Dedes, L Kalberla, PMW AF McClure-Griffiths, NM Ford, A Pisano, DJ Gibson, BK Staveley-Smith, L Calabretta, MR Dedes, L Kalberla, PMW TI Evidence for chimney breakout in the galactic supershell GSH 242-03+37 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : structure; ISM : atoms; ISM : bubbles; ISM : structure surveys ID H-I SHELLS; FINAL DATA RELEASE; MILKY-WAY; SUPERBUBBLE BLOWOUT; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPHERICAL CLOUDS; OB ASSOCIATIONS; DWARF GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES AB We present new high-resolution neutral hydrogen ( H I) images of the Galactic supershell GSH 242-03+37. These data were obtained with the Parkes Radiotelescope as part of the Galactic All-Sky Survey ( GASS). GSH 242-03+37 is one of the largest and most energetic H I supershells in the Galaxy, with a radius of 565 +/- 65 pc and an expansion energy of 3 x 10(53) ergs. Our images reveal a complicated shell with multiple chimney structures on both sides of the Galactic plane. These chimneys appear capped by narrow filaments about 1.6 kpc above and below the Galactic midplane, confirming structures predicted in simulations of expanding supershells. The structure of GSH 242-03+37 is extremely similar to the only other Galactic supershell known to have blown out of both sides of the plane, GSH 277+00+36. We compare the GASS H I data with X-ray and H alpha images, finding no strong correlations. C1 CSIRO, ATNF, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Bonn, Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP McClure-Griffiths, NM (reprint author), CSIRO, ATNF, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM naomi.mcclure-griffiths@csiro.au RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Gibson, Brad/M-3592-2015; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Gibson, Brad/0000-0003-4446-3130; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X NR 55 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 638 IS 1 BP 196 EP 205 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009SF UT WOS:000235132100018 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Ossakow, SL Fejer, BG Emmert, J AF Keskinen, MJ Ossakow, SL Fejer, BG Emmert, J TI Evolution of equatorial ionospheric bubbles during a large auroral electrojet index increase in the recovery phase of a magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F BUBBLES; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; JULY 15; DENSITY DEPLETIONS; PLASMA BUBBLES; FIELDS; SECTOR; REGION; WINDS; IRREGULARITIES AB [1] We present a model and observations of the evolution of equatorial ionospheric bubbles during a large auroral electrojet (AE) index increase in the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. Using a three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation model, we find, for the 19 - 21 October 1998 storm, that the equatorial bubble evolution is different during storm time as compared to quiet time conditions. We have found that the storm time vertical drift in conjunction with reduced off-equatorial E region shorting is the primary mechanism that distinguishes the large AE increase recovery phase storm time evolution from the quiet time case. Comparison of the simulation model with ground-based storm time radar observations is made. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Studies, Logan, UT 84322 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6750,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A2 AR A02303 DI 10.1029/2005JA011352 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 012UA UT WOS:000235364400002 ER PT J AU He, JH Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Qadri, SB Sprague, JA AF He, JH Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Qadri, SB Sprague, JA TI Bombardment-induced tunable superlattices in the growth of Au-Ni films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; SURFACE; SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; SEGREGATION AB Highly ordered superlattices are typically created through the sequential deposition of two different materials. Here, we report our experimental observation of spontaneous formation of superlattices in coevaporation of Au and Ni under energetic ion bombardment. The superlattice periodicities are on the order of a few nanometers and can be adjusted through the energy and flux of ion beams. Such a self-organization process is a consequence of the bombardment-induced segregation and uphill diffusion within the advancing nanoscale subsurface zone in the film growth. Our observations suggest that ion beams can be employed to make tunable natural superlattices in the deposition of phase-separated systems with strong bombardment-induced segregation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jhe@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 AR 056105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.056105 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 011FA UT WOS:000235252200056 PM 16486960 ER PT J AU Saavedra, JE Srinivasan, A Buzard, GS Davies, KM Waterhouse, DJ Inami, K Wilde, TC Citro, ML Cuellar, M Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Shami, PJ Findlay, VJ Townsend, DM Tew, KD Singh, S Jia, L Ji, XH Keefer, LK AF Saavedra, JE Srinivasan, A Buzard, GS Davies, KM Waterhouse, DJ Inami, K Wilde, TC Citro, ML Cuellar, M Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Shami, PJ Findlay, VJ Townsend, DM Tew, KD Singh, S Jia, L Ji, XH Keefer, LK TI PABA/NO as an anticancer lead: Analogue synthesis, structure revision, solution chemistry, reactivity toward glutathione, and in vitro activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB PABA/NO is a diazeniumdiolate of structure Me2NN(O)=NOAr (where Ar is a 5-substituted-2,4-dinitrophenyl ring whose 5-substituent is N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid). It has shown activity against human ovarian cancer xenografts in mice rivaling that of cisplatin, but it is poorly soluble and relatively unstable in water. Here we report structure-based optimization efforts resulting in three analogues with improved solubility and stability in aqueous solution. We sought to explain PABA/NO's physicochemical uniqueness among these four compounds, whose aminobenzoic acid precursors differ structurally only in the presence or absence of the N-methyl group and/or the position of the carboxyl moiety (meta or para). Studies revealed that PABA/NO's N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid substituent is bound to the dinitrobenzene ring via its carboxyl oxygen while the other three are linked through the aniline nitrogen. This constitutes a revision of the previously published PABA/NO structure. All four analogues reacted with GSH to produce bioactive nitric oxide (NO), but PABA/NO was the most reactive. Consistent with PABA/NO's potent suppression of A2780 human ovarian cancer xenograft growth in mice, it was the most potent of the four in the OVCAR-3 cell line. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Basi Res Program, SAIC Frederick, Chem Sect,Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Biomol Struct Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Div Med Oncol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Cell & Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Dept Pharmacol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Keefer, LK (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Basi Res Program, SAIC Frederick, Chem Sect,Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM keefer@ncifcrf.gov RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012; Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514; Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 84496, N01 CO 12400]; NIDA NIH HHS [Y1 DA 1002] NR 11 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD FEB 9 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1021/jm050700k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 019HN UT WOS:000235826300033 PM 16451080 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, K TI Entropy as a fixed point SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Turku Univ Math Dept, Turku, FINLAND SP Turku Ctr Comp Sci, Acad Finland, City Turku, Finnair, Finnish Acad Sci & Letters, Vaisala Fdn, Math Fdn, Finnish Cultural Fdn, Fujitsu Siemens, IBM, MasterPlanet, Nokia, Nordea, Sampo Life Insurance Co Ltd, Stiftelsen Abo Akad, Turku Univ Fdn, Turun Seudun Osuuspankki, Univ Turku HO Turku Univ Math Dept DE domain theory; entropy; complexity; information; algorithm AB We study complexity and information and introduce the idea that while complexity is relative to a given class of processes, information is process independent: Information is complexity relative to the class of all conceivable processes. In essence, the idea is that information is an extension of the concept 'algorithmic complexity' from a class of desirable and concrete processes, such as those represented by binary decision trees, to a class more general that can only in pragmatic terms be regarded as existing in the conception. It is then precisely the fact that information is defined relative to such a large class of processes that it becomes an effective tool for analyzing phenomena in a wide range of disciplines. We test these ideas on the complexity of classical states. A domain is used to specify the class of processes, and both qualitative and quantitative notions of complexity for classical states emerge. The resulting theory is used to give new proofs of fundamental results from classical information theory, to give a new characterization of entropy in quantum mechanics, to establish a rigorous connection between entanglement transformation and computation, and to derive lower bounds on algorithmic complexity. All of this is a consequence of the setting which gives rise to the fixed point theorem: The least fixed point of the copying operator above complexity is information. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sci, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 2-3 BP 292 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.tcs.2005.10.026 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 009PV UT WOS:000235125400009 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational relaxation in ionic liquids and ionic liquid reverse micelles SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-SOLUTE INTERACTIONS; AOT MICROEMULSIONS; CONTINUOUS-PHASE; DYNAMICS; SOLVATION; POLAR; WATER; MICROENVIRONMENT; SPECTRA; PROBES AB We report static and ultrafast IR studies of Fe(CN)(5)NO(2-) and W(CO)(6) in bulk ionic liquids and of ionic liquid reverse micelles. For Fe(CN)(5)NO(2-) and W(CO)(6) in ionic liquids, the vibrational frequencies appear to scale with solute-solvent interaction strength, but the vibrational energy relaxation (VER) times are longer than in methanol and DMSO. The VER times in the reverse micelles are consistent with a solvation environment that has mixed surfactant and ionic liquid and is more polar than the bulk ionic liquid. These results differ from previous ionic liquid reverse micelle studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mol Dynam Sect, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mol Dynam Sect, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 418 IS 4-6 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 009ID UT WOS:000235104200023 ER PT J AU Herstedt, M Henderson, WA Smirnov, M Ducasse, L Servant, L Talaga, D Lassegues, JC AF Herstedt, M Henderson, WA Smirnov, M Ducasse, L Servant, L Talaga, D Lassegues, JC TI Conformational isomerism and phase transitions in tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Et4NTFSI SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; conformation; Raman; DFT calculations ID ION-PAIRS; DIFFRACTION; CATION; SALTS AB Solid phase transitions are detected by DSC at 277 and 322 K in the tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (Et4NTFSI) before the melting point at 377 K. Over this temperature range, the experimental Raman spectra of the solid and liquid phases of Et4NTFSI can satisfactorily be reproduced using the calculated frequencies and intensities of the cation in its all-trans (D-2d) or trans-gauche (S-4) conformation, and of the anion in its transoid (C-2) or cisoid (C-I) conformation. The Raman spectra of the low-temperature ordered phase III show that the cation and anion adopt the D-2d and C-2 conformations, respectively, predicted by DFT calculations to be of lower energy than the corresponding S-4 and C-1 ones. Above the first order phase transition near 277 K, similar to 70% of the cations are transformed into the S4 conformation while the population Of C2 anions decreases progressively (phase II). Another disordered phase seems to occur between 322 and 377 K where the cations and anions reach comparable populations of their two possible conformations. In this phase I, the cation D-2d form is found to be more stable than the S-4 form by 4.4 +/- 0.3 U mol(-1) and the anion C-2 form is more stable than the C-1 form by 7 + 1 kJ mol(-1). In the liquid phase, the cation keeps comparable populations of the D-2d and S-4 conformers, whereas similar to 70% of the anions adopt the C-1 conformation. Finally, by quenching the liquid or the disordered phases, a supercooled solid phase II' is easily obtained. It is composed of C-2 anions and a mixture of similar to 80/20 S-4/D-2d cations that corresponds roughly to the extrapolation of the phase II populations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Lab Physicochim Mol, UMR 5803, F-33405 Talence, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 199155, Russia. RP Lassegues, JC (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Lab Physicochim Mol, UMR 5803, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM jc.lassegues@lpcm.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Smirnov, Mikhail/G-9551-2013 OI Smirnov, Mikhail/0000-0002-4292-1989 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 783 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.08.028 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 015ZA UT WOS:000235589000017 ER PT J AU DiMiceli, L Pool, V Kelso, JM Shadomy, SV Iskander, J AF DiMiceli, L Pool, V Kelso, JM Shadomy, SV Iskander, J CA VAERS Team TI Vaccination of yeast sensitive individuals: review of safety data in the US vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINES; BAKERS ASTHMA; ANAPHYLAXIS; ADOLESCENTS; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; IGE AB The preparation of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines involves using cellular cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, otherwise known as baker's yeast. Prior to vaccine licensure, clinical trials were performed to address whether residual yeast proteins in the vaccines Could induce anaphylaxis, including testing for IgE anti-yeast antibody levels. 1-2% of subjects had anti-yeast IgE antibodies before immunization, but demonstrated no significant rise in IgE after HBV. We searched reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for those that mentioned a history of allergy to yeast and then reviewed the adverse events described in these reports for potential anaphylactic reactions. Probable anaphylaxis was defined as the presence of one or more dermatologic symptoms and one or more respiratory, gastrointestinal, or cardiovascular symptoms with onset within 4 h of Hepatitis B vaccination. Possible anaphylaxis was defined in one of two ways: (1) cases that described dermatologic or respiratory symptoms (but not both) Occurring within 4 h of vaccination; or (2) cases that described one or more dermatologic and/or respiratory symptoms occurring 4-12 It post vaccination. Among the 107 reports of pre-existing "yeast allergies," 11 reports described probable or possible anaphylaxis after HBV. Four additional cases were described after other vaccines. The majority of' vaccinees who met the case definitions and had a history of yeast allergies were female, ages ranged from 10 to 64, and symptom onset ranged from 15 min to 5 h after vaccination. No deaths were reported. The small number of reports to VAERS may be partly due to health care professionals observing current contraindications by not vaccinating yeast sensitive individuals. Nevertheless, yeast associated anaphylaxis after HBV in sensitized patients appears to be a rare event. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, NIP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP DiMiceli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NIP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Mail Stop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bqw6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 703 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.069 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 016VC UT WOS:000235647800003 PM 16154669 ER PT J AU Stinaff, EA Scheibner, M Bracker, AS Ponomarev, IV Korenev, VL Ware, ME Doty, MF Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Stinaff, EA Scheibner, M Bracker, AS Ponomarev, IV Korenev, VL Ware, ME Doty, MF Reinecke, TL Gammon, D TI Optical signatures of coupled quantum dots SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; ISLANDS AB An asymmetric pair of coupled InAs quantum dots is tuned into resonance by applying an electric field so that a single hole forms a coherent molecular wave function. The optical spectrum shows a rich pattern of level anticrossings and crossings that can be understood as a superposition of charge and spin configurations of the two dots. Coulomb interactions shift the molecular resonance of the optically excited state (charged exciton) with respect to the ground-state (single charge), enabling light-induced coupling of the quantum dots. This result demonstrates the possibility of optically coupling quantum dots for application in quantum information processing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Gammon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gammon@nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; NR 27 TC 323 Z9 325 U1 6 U2 74 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 3 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5761 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.1126/science.1121189 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 011GY UT WOS:000235257400040 PM 16410487 ER PT J AU Makris, NC Ratilal, P Symonds, DT Jagannathan, S Lee, S Nero, RW AF Makris, NC Ratilal, P Symonds, DT Jagannathan, S Lee, S Nero, RW TI Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental shelf-scale imaging SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REVERBERATION; ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; INTENSITY; MIGRATION; FISHERIES; COLLAPSE; SONAR AB Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers. C1 MIT, Ctr Ocean Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Makris, NC (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Ocean Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM makris@mit.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 29 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 3 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5761 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1126/science.1121756 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 011GY UT WOS:000235257400048 PM 16456080 ER PT J AU Feingold, G Furrer, R Pilewskie, P Remer, LA Min, QL Jonsson, H AF Feingold, G Furrer, R Pilewskie, P Remer, LA Min, QL Jonsson, H TI Aerosol indirect effect studies at Southern Great Plains during the May 2003 Intensive Operations Period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE; ALBEDO; INSTRUMENT; RADIOMETER; STRATUS; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION AB During May 2003 the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program conducted an Intensive Operations Period (IOP) to measure the radiative effects of aerosol and clouds. A suite of both in situ and remote sensing measurements were available to measure aerosol and cloud parameters. This paper has three main goals: First, it focuses on comparison between in situ retrievals of the radiatively important drop effective radius r(e) and various satellite, airborne, and surface remote sensing retrievals of the same parameter. On 17 May 2003, there was a fortuitous, near-simultaneous sampling of a stratus cloud by five different methods. The retrievals of r(e) agree with one another to within similar to 20%, which is approximately the error estimate for most methods. Second, a methodology for deriving a best estimate of r(e) from these different instruments, with their different physical properties and sampling volumes, is proposed and applied to the 17 May event. Third, the paper examines the response of r(e) to changes in aerosol on 3 days during the experiment and examines the consistency of remote sensing and in situ measurements of the effect of aerosol on r(e). It is shown that in spite of the generally good agreement in derived r(e), the magnitude of the response of r(e) to changes in aerosol is quite sensitive to the method of retrieving r(e) and to the aerosol proxy for cloud condensation nuclei. Nonphysical responses are sometimes noted, and it is suggested that further work needs to be done to refine these techniques. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Programm Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Disciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studie, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov; furrer@ucar.edu; peter.pilewskie@lasp.colorado.edu; lorraine.a.remer@nasa.gov; min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; hjonsson@nps.edu RI Furrer, Reinhard/A-4580-2011; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Furrer, Reinhard/0000-0002-6319-2332; NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 2 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S14 DI 10.1029/2004JD005648 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010BH UT WOS:000235157900001 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Purdy, AP AF Butcher, RJ Purdy, AP TI Octakis(mu(3)-tert-butylthiolato)bis(tert-butylthiolato)hexakis(1-methyl pyrrolidin-2-one)-mu(6)-sulfidohexabarium(II) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; S CAGE CLUSTER; P-N CLUSTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SILVER COMPLEXES; NITROGENASE; COPPER; REARRANGEMENT; TOPOLOGY; -SC2H4S AB The title compound, [Ba-6(C4H9S)(10)S(C5H9NO)(6)], possessing twofold symmetry, contains a central mu(6)-sulfido atom surrounded by six Ba atoms in an almost perfect octahedron. Of the six Ba atoms, two are seven-coordinate with an S5O2 donor set, while four are six-coordinate. Two of these have S5O and two have S-6 donor sets. There are six 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone donor molecules, two each coordinated to two Ba atoms and one each coordinated to two other Ba atoms. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butcher, RJ (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM butcher@harker.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD FEB PY 2006 VL 62 BP M342 EP M344 DI 10.1107/S1600536805042017 PN 2 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 008IN UT WOS:000235033700068 ER PT J AU Li, YF Poole, S Rasulova, F Esser, L Savarino, SJ Xia, D AF Li, YF Poole, S Rasulova, F Esser, L Savarino, SJ Xia, D TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of CfaE, the adhesive subunit of the CFA/I fimbriae from human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA; CS1 AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC) represents a formidable food and waterborne diarrheal disease threat of global importance. The first step in ETEC pathogenesis is bacterial attachment to small-intestine epithelial cells via adhesive fimbriae, many of which are genetically related to the prototype colonization factor antigen I ( CFA/I). The minor fimbrial subunit CfaE is required for initiation of CFA/I fimbrial assembly and mediates bacterial attachment to host cell-surface receptors. A donor-strand complemented variant of CfaE ( dscCfaE) was expressed with a hexahistidine tag, purified to homogeneity and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data sets were collected to 2.4 angstrom resolution for both native and derivatized crystals and showed the symmetry of space group P6(2)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 142.9, c = 231.9 angstrom. Initial phases were derived from the SIRAS approach and electron density showed two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Sequence assignments were aided by anomalous signals from the selenium of an SeMet-derivatized crystal and from S atoms of a native crystal. C1 NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Xia, D (reprint author), NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dixia@helix.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 62 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1107/S1744309105043198 PN 2 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 017GD UT WOS:000235681200010 PM 16511280 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, R Willard, MA McHenry, ME AF Swaminathan, R Willard, MA McHenry, ME TI Experimental observations and nucleation and growth theory of polyhedral magnetic ferrite nanoparticles synthesized using an RF plasma torch SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ferrite nanoparticles; high-resolution TEM; polyhedral morphologies; faceting; critical nucleus and growth shapes ID MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; ALH84001; SHAPES; MARS AB We have used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the morphologies of ferrite nanoparticles synthesized using a radio frequency plasma torch. These nanoparticles were faceted, having cuboctahedral polygonal growth forms with exclusively the {111} and {100} type faces. A model for the critical nucleus shapes and the growth forms of small cuboctahedral particles is proposed considering the Helmholtz free energies for nucleation and growth. The critical nucleus shape is predicted to be either a perfect cube or a perfect octahedron, while the equilibrium growth forms are the truncated shapes. High-resolution TEM observations of individual nanoparticles reveal that the smallest nanoparticles exhibit perfect octahedral shapes, while larger particles have truncated octahedral shapes. These observations are consistent with the model predictions. The morphology observations are also consistent with 0.95 < gamma 100/gamma 100 < 1.14, where gamma(100) and gamma(111) are the surface energies of the (100) and (111) surfaces, respectively. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swaminathan, R (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rs6@andrew.cmu.edu; sgoofy8@gmail.com; mm7g@andrew.cmu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.10.015 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 013OM UT WOS:000235418600024 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Oran, ES TI Flame acceleration in narrow channels: Applications for micropropulsion in low-gravity environments SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 2nd Flow Control Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PROPAGATION; SHOCK AB A laminar flame propagating toward the open end of a narrow channel filled with a gaseous combustible mixture can accelerate or oscillate, depending on the wall temperature and the channel width. The accelerating flame is able to produce a high-speed flow that has the potential to provide significant thrust. We study these phenomena using multidimensional reactive Navier-Stokes numerical simulations, and show that for adiabatic walls, the maximum flame acceleration occurs when the the channel is about five times larger than the reaction zone of a laminar flame. In three-dimensional square channels, the flame speed increases roughly two times faster than in two-dimensional channels. The accelerating flame generates weak compression waves that propagate with a local sound speed and can accelerate the unreacted material ahead of the flame to velocities close to the speed of sound without creating strong shocks. This combustion regime is of particular interest for micropropulsion because it allows efficient use of fuel and gradual development of thrust. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.2514/1.16446 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 018TR UT WOS:000235788200016 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED Lipkin, M Newmark, H Mohr, SB Holick, MF AF Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED Lipkin, M Newmark, H Mohr, SB Holick, MF TI The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID D-RECEPTOR GENE; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D METABOLITE LEVELS; DAIRY FOOD-INTAKE; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES AB Vitamin D status differs by latitude and race, with residents of the northeastern United States and individuals with more skin pigmentation being at increased risk of deficiency. A PubMed database search yielded 63 observational studies of vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk, including 30 of colon, 13 of breast, 26 of prostate, and 7 of ovarian cancer, and several that assessed the association of vitamin D receptor genotype with cancer risk. The majority of studies found a protective relationship between sufficient vitamin D status and lower risk of cancer. The evidence suggests that efforts to improve vitamin D status, for example by vitamin D supplementation, could reduce cancer incidence and mortality at low cost, with few or no adverse effects. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Strong Canc Prevent Ctr, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Canc Res Lab, Piscataway, NJ USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Vitamin D Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 224 TC 482 Z9 499 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 007TA UT WOS:000234991400014 PM 16380576 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Kropcho, L Schneider, JJ Francis, M AF Lucha, PA Kropcho, L Schneider, JJ Francis, M TI Acute pain and narcotic use does not impair the ability to provide informed consent: Evaluation of a competency assessment tool in the acute pain patient SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP SE Surg Congress ID ABDOMINAL-PAIN; ANALGESIA AB Patients evaluated in acute pain will often have narcotics withheld until after the patient has been evaluated by a surgeon and has given informed consent. Concern that the patient would have impaired judgment due to narcotic effects often prevents the administration of timely pain relief. The Hopkins Competency Assessment Tool (HCAT) is a validated instrument for both psychiatric and medical patients; it has not been validated to evaluate drug, effects on judgment. Thirty consecutive patients agreed to participate in the trial over a 12-month period. The HCAT was administered prior to the planned major elective procedure and repeated on each postoperative day up to and including postoperative day 5. Narcotic use (as morphine equivalents), HCAT scores, demographic data, and surgical procedures were recorded. The average age of our patients was 53 years. Twenty-seven patients passed the initial HCAT, and one patient failed subsequent exams. No correlation was seen between HCAT score and narcotic dose. Narcotic administration sufficient for pain control does not impair the ability to provide informed consent. The only patient who failed the HCAT after an initial passing score was somnolent on the narcotic dose. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Gen Surg, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 018HP UT WOS:000235755300012 PM 16536247 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H TI Luminescent quantum dots in immunoassays SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALLITES; PROVIDE; CANCER; CELLS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM egoldman@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 384 IS 3 BP 560 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0212-5 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 012LB UT WOS:000235339600002 PM 16344927 ER PT J AU Johnson-White, B Buquo, L Zeinali, M Ligler, FS AF Johnson-White, B Buquo, L Zeinali, M Ligler, FS TI Prevention of nonspecific bacterial cell adhesion in immunoassays by use of cranberry juice SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; ADHERENCE; INHIBITION; ANALYTES; SAMPLES AB The ability of Vaccinum macrocarpon, the North American cranberry, to prevent bacterial adhesion has been used to advantage in the prevention of urinary tract infections and has recently been described for the prevention of adhesion of bacteria responsible for oral infections and stomach ulcers. Ibis report documents the ability of cranberry juice to reduce nonspecific adhesion of bacteria to the borosilicate glass microscope slides used in an immunoarray biosensor format. Nonspecific binding of analytes in the array sensor leads to high background signals that cause increased detection limits and false positives. Reduction in background-to-signal ratios can be seen as the juice concentration is increased from 0 to 50% of the sample. Ibis impact cannot be duplicated with grape, orange, apple, or white cranberry juice. Sugar content and pH have been eliminated as the agents in the juice responsible for the anti-adhesive activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligier@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000680] NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 3 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1021/ac051700v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 010LC UT WOS:000235195200042 PM 16448060 ER PT J AU Tarant, NS Dacanay, RG Mecklenburg, BW Birmingham, SD Lujan, E Green, R AF Tarant, NS Dacanay, RG Mecklenburg, BW Birmingham, SD Lujan, E Green, R TI Acute appendicitis in a patient with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor that can cause severe hypertension and other untreated pheochromocytoma presents with a surgical emergency. We describe a patient presenting with acute appendicitis in whom surgery was cancelled because of suspected pheochromocytoma. The possibility of mortality associated with surgery in a patient with an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma outweighed the risk of nonoperative management for appendicitis. This case resulted in a nonoperative resolution of appendicitis and an unremarkable recovery once appropriate hypertension treatment was administered. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Cin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Mecklenburg, BW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Cin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bwmecklenburg@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 102 IS 2 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1213/01.ane.0000184827.79120.43 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 006QV UT WOS:000234912900060 PM 16428577 ER PT J AU Johnson, DP Knoop, KJ AF Johnson, DP Knoop, KJ TI Images in emergency medicine - Orbital cellulites with subperiosteal abscess. SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Johnson, DP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 47 IS 2 BP 134 EP + DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.452 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 008BN UT WOS:000235015300002 PM 16431222 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal configuration of a two-heat-reservoir heat-engine with heat-leak and finite thermal-capacity SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; optimal configurations; heat-engine; linear phenomenological heat-transfer law; heat-resistance; heat-leak ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; GENERALIZED CARNOT CYCLE; MAXIMUM-POWER; TRANSFER LAW; TIME; THERMODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Based on a model of a two-heat-reservoir heat-engine cycle with a finite high-temperature source and bypass heat-leak, in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of heat-leak, finite heat-capacity high-temperature source and infinite heat-capacity low-temperature heat-sink with another linear heat-transfer law Q proportional to Delta(T-1). The heat-engine cycles considered are: (1) infinite low-and high-temperature reservoirs without heat-leak; (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with heat-leak, (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without heat-leak and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with heat-leak. It is assumed that the heat-transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys another linear heat-transfer law, i.e., the linear phenomenological heat-transfer law, Q proportional to Delta(T-1). It is shown that the existence of heat-leak does not affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite heat-capacity of the high-temperature source without heat-leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot heat-engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with heat-leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal poweroutput and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the heat-leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the heat-engine cycles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.004 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 002SX UT WOS:000234632900001 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Henden, A Agueros, M Anderson, SF Bochanski, JJ Knapp, GR Mannikko, L Mukadam, A Silvestri, NM Schmidt, GD Stephanik, B Watson, TK West, AA Winget, D Wolfe, MA Barentine, JC Brinkmann, J Brewington, HJ Downes, RA Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Downes, RA Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA Voges, W AF Szkody, P Henden, A Agueros, M Anderson, SF Bochanski, JJ Knapp, GR Mannikko, L Mukadam, A Silvestri, NM Schmidt, GD Stephanik, B Watson, TK West, AA Winget, D Wolfe, MA Barentine, JC Brinkmann, J Brewington, HJ Downes, RA Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Downes, RA Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA Voges, W TI Cataclysmic variables from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. V. The fifth year (2004) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : dwarf novae ID DATA RELEASE; DWARF NOVA; WHITE-DWARFS; SYSTEMS; CET AB This paper identifies the cataclysmic variables that appear in spectra obtained in 2004 as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Spectra of 41 objects, including seven systems that were previously known (CC Cnc, DW Cnc, PQ Gem, AR UMa, AN UMa, RX J1131.3+ 4322, and UMa 6) and 34 new cataclysmic variables are presented. The positions and ugriz photometry of all 41 systems are given, as well as additional follow-up spectroscopic, photometric, and/or polarimetric observations of eight of the new systems. The new objects include three eclipsing systems, six with prominent He II emission, and six systems that show the underlying white dwarf. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Southwestern Univ, Informat Technol Serv, Georgetown, TX 78626 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014 OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664 NR 41 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 973 EP 983 DI 10.1086/499308 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 010RX UT WOS:000235214500026 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Johnston, KJ Garrington, ST Thomasson, P AF Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Johnston, KJ Garrington, ST Thomasson, P TI Merlin astrometry of 11 radio stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; radio continuum : stars; techniques : interferometric ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE SYSTEM; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; INTERFEROMETRY; POSITIONS AB We report accurate positions in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) for 11 radio stars. Observations were made using the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network at a radio frequency of 5 GHz. The positions are estimated to be accurate at the 5 mas level. Positions were obtained directly in the ICRF by phase referencing the radio stars to ICRF quasars whose positions are estimated to be accurate at the 0.25 mas level. We use our results together with results of previous observations to obtain proper-motion estimates for these stars. The average proper-motion uncertainties are 1.1 mas yr(-1) in mu(alpha cos delta) and 1.2 mas yr(-1) in mu(delta), comparable to the Hipparcos values. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM afey@usno.navy.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 1084 EP 1089 DI 10.1086/498722 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 010RX UT WOS:000235214500038 ER PT J AU Skrutskie, MF Cutri, RM Stiening, R Weinberg, MD Schneider, S Carpenter, JM Beichman, C Capps, R Chester, T Elias, J Huchra, J Liebert, J Lonsdale, C Monet, DG Price, S Seitzer, P Jarrett, T Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Howard, E Evans, T Fowler, J Fullmer, L Hurt, R Light, R Kopan, EL Marsh, KA McCallon, HL Tam, R Van Dyk, S Wheelock, S AF Skrutskie, MF Cutri, RM Stiening, R Weinberg, MD Schneider, S Carpenter, JM Beichman, C Capps, R Chester, T Elias, J Huchra, J Liebert, J Lonsdale, C Monet, DG Price, S Seitzer, P Jarrett, T Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Howard, E Evans, T Fowler, J Fullmer, L Hurt, R Light, R Kopan, EL Marsh, KA McCallon, HL Tam, R Van Dyk, S Wheelock, S TI The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared : general; surveys ID CATALOG; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM AB Between 1997 June and 2001 February the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) collected 25.4 Tbytes of raw imaging data covering 99.998% of the celestial sphere in the near-infrared J ( 1.25 mu m), H(1.65 mu m), and K-s(2.16 mu m) bandpasses. Observations were conducted from two dedicated 1.3 m diameter telescopes located at Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and Cerro Tololo, Chile. The 7.8 s of integration time accumulated for each point on the sky and strict quality control yielded a 10 sigma point-source detection level of better than 15.8, 15.1, and 14.3 mag at the J, H, and Ks bands, respectively, for virtually the entire sky. Bright source extractions have 1 sigma photometric uncertainty of < 0.03 mag and astrometric accuracy of order 100 mas. Calibration offsets between any two points in the sky are < 0.02 mag. The 2MASS All-Sky Data Release includes 4.1 million compressed FITS images covering the entire sky, 471 million source extractions in a Point Source Catalog, and 1.6 million objects identified as extended in an Extended Source Catalog. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. OI Weinberg, Martin/0000-0003-2660-2889; Gizis, John/0000-0002-8916-1972; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 20 TC 4899 Z9 4924 U1 11 U2 52 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 1163 EP 1183 DI 10.1086/498708 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 010RX UT WOS:000235214500046 ER PT J AU Beare, RJ MacVean, MK Holtslag, AAM Cuxart, J Esau, I Golaz, JC Jimenez, MA Khairoutdinov, M Kosovic, B Lewellen, D Lund, TS Lundquist, JK McCabe, A Moene, AF Noh, Y Raasch, S Sullivan, P AF Beare, RJ MacVean, MK Holtslag, AAM Cuxart, J Esau, I Golaz, JC Jimenez, MA Khairoutdinov, M Kosovic, B Lewellen, D Lund, TS Lundquist, JK McCabe, A Moene, AF Noh, Y Raasch, S Sullivan, P TI An intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of the stable boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE large-eddy simulation; parametrization; resolution; stable boundary layer; subgrid model ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; SUBGRID MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SURFACE; TRANSITION; RESOLUTION; TURBULENCE; MESOSCALE; CASES-99; FLUXES AB Results are presented from the first intercomparison of large-eddy simulation (LES) models for the stable boundary layer (SBL), as part of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study initiative. A moderately stable case is used, based on Arctic observations. All models produce successful simulations, in as much as they generate resolved turbulence and reflect many of the results from local scaling theory and observations. Simulations performed at 1-m and 2-m resolution show only small changes in the mean profiles compared to coarser resolutions. Also, sensitivity to subgrid models for individual models highlights their importance in SBL simulation at moderate resolution (6.25 m). Stability functions are derived from the LES using typical mixing lengths used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models. The functions have smaller values than those used in NWP. There is also support for the use of K-profile similarity in parametrizations. Thus, the results provide improved understanding and motivate future developments of the parametrization of the SBL. C1 Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM bob.beare@metoffice.com RI Lewellen, David/B-1453-2008; Moene, Arnold/B-3212-2010; Esau, Igor/C-6298-2008; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Jimenez, Maria/K-8724-2015; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010; OI Esau, Igor/0000-0003-4122-6340; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Jimenez, Maria/0000-0002-8411-5512; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481; LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702; Moene, Arnold/0000-0003-3614-8544 NR 41 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 247 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-2820-6 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057YT UT WOS:000238631800002 ER PT J AU Lee, TE Miller, SD Turk, FJ Schueler, C Julian, R Deyo, S Dills, P Wang, S AF Lee, TE Miller, SD Turk, FJ Schueler, C Julian, R Deyo, S Dills, P Wang, S TI The NPOESS VIIRS day/night visible sensor SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; IMAGERY; SNOW; SEPTEMBER; SYSTEM; MODIS; EARTH AB The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will feature the Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), a 22-channel imager that will contribute to nearly half of the NPOESS environmental data records. Included on VIIRS will be the Day/Night band (DNB), a visible channel designed to image the Earth and its atmosphere in all conditions ranging from bright solar illumination, to nocturnal lunar illumination, and negligible external illumination. Drawing heritage from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) instruments orbiting since the late 1960s, the DNB will be used to detect clouds at night, understand patterns of urban development based on the emissions of cities, monitor fires, and image scenes of snow and ice at the surface of the Earth. Thanks to significant engineering improvements, the DNB will produce superior capabilities to the OLS for a number of new applications. C1 Raytheon Corp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. UCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO USA. RP Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-2-191 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 021CW UT WOS:000235962000013 ER PT J AU Bastien, JL O'Brien, JG Frantz, FW AF Bastien, JL O'Brien, JG Frantz, FW TI Extraluminal use of the Arndt pediatric endobronchial blocker in an infant: a case report SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE LA English DT Article AB Purpose: Attaining lung isolation in the infant undergoing thoracic anesthesia can be challenging for the anesthesiologist. We describe a novel approach to performing lung isolation in an infant undergoing thoracotomy for lobectomy using an Arndt pediatric endobronchial blocker via an extraluminal technique. Clinical features: Lung isolation in an infant was achieved through the use of an Arndt pediatric endobronchial blocker placed externally to an endotracheal tube. The blocker's placement was facilitated through the use of a pediatric fibreoptic brochoscope placed through the guidewire of the extraluminally placed bronchial blocker. Conclusion: This novel technique may provide an easier and more reliable method of attaining single lung ventilation in infants and small children. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Pediat Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bastien, JL (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jlbastien@msn.com NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN ANESTHESIOLOGISTS SOC PI TORONTO PA 1 EGLINTON AVE EAST, SUITE 208, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4P 3A1, CANADA SN 0832-610X J9 CAN J ANAESTH JI Can. J. Anaesth.-J. Can. Anesth. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 007EU UT WOS:000234952200009 PM 16434756 ER PT J AU O'Mahony, D Dennis, PA AF O'Mahony, D Dennis, PA TI Using immmunotherapy to target EGF in patients with NSCLC SO CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material DE EGF; NSCLC; vaccine; antibody response ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; CETUXIMAB; CHEMOTHERAPY; THERAPY; VACCINE C1 NIC, USN Med Oncol, Med Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), NIC, USN Med Oncol, Med Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM pd85f@nih.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4047 J9 CANCER BIOL THER JI Cancer Biol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 022GX UT WOS:000236044600012 PM 16552172 ER PT J AU Seabaugh, JL Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Eberl, DD Morton, JP Kim, J AF Seabaugh, JL Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Eberl, DD Morton, JP Kim, J TI Microbial reduction of Fe(III) in the Fithian and Muloorina illites: Contrasting extents and rates of bioreduction SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CN32; Fithian; illite; microbial Fe(III) reduction; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Muloorina; Shewanella putrefaciens ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; STRUCTURAL FE(III); FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; CLAY-MINERALS; SMECTITE; IRON(III); GOETHITE; PHASE; IRON; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Shewanella putrejaciens CN32 reduces Fe(III) within two illites which have different properties: the Fithian bulk fraction and the < 0.2 mu m fraction of Muloorina. The Fithian illite contained 4.6% (w/w) total Fe, 81% of which was Fc(III). It was dominated by illite with some jarosite (similar to 32% of the total Fe(III)) and goethite (11% of the total Fe(III)). The Muloorina illite was pure and contained 9.2% Fe, 93% of which was Fe(III). Illite suspensions were buffered at pH 7 and were inoculated with CN32 cells with lactate as the electron donor. Select treatments included anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as ail electron shuttle. Bioproduction of Fe(II) was determined by ferrozine analysis. The unreduced and bioreduced solids were characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The extent of Fe(III) reduction in the bulk Fithian illite was enhanced by the presence of AQDS (73%) with complete reduction of jarosite and goethite and partial reduction of illite. Mossbauer spectroscopy and chemical extraction determined that 21-25% of illite-associated Fc(III) was bioreduced. The extent of bioreduction was less in the absence of AQDS (63%) and only jarosite was completely reduced with partial reduction of goethite and illite. The XRD and TEM data revealed no significant illite dissolution or biogenic minerals, suggesting that illite was reduced in the solid state and biogenic Fe(II) from jarosite and goethite was either released to aqueous Solution or adsorbed onto residual solid surfaces. In contrast, only 1% of the structural Fe(III) in Muloorina illite was bioreduced. The difference in the extent and rate of bioreduction between the two illites was probably due to the difference in layer charge and the total structural Fe content between the Fithian illite (0.56 per formula) and Muloorma illite (0.87). There may be other factors contributing to the observed differences, such as expandability, surface area and the arrangements of Fe in the octahedral sheets. The results of this study have important implications for predicting microbe-induced physical and chemical changes of clay minerals in soils and sediments. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540109 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 021XL UT WOS:000236019100009 ER PT J AU Clark, JL Coates, TJ Lescano, AG Castillo, R Meza, R Jones, FR Leon, S Pajuelo, J Caceres, CF Klausner, JD AF Clark, JL Coates, TJ Lescano, AG Castillo, R Meza, R Jones, FR Leon, S Pajuelo, J Caceres, CF Klausner, JD TI Different positive predictive values of commercially available human immunodeficiency virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 MD UCLA, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. USN, Med Ctr Res Detachment, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Defense Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Clark, JL (reprint author), MD UCLA, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 10940 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 1220, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jlclark@mednet.ucla.edu RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X FU NIMH NIH HHS [U10 MH061536] NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 302 EP 303 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.2.302-303.2006 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 015GG UT WOS:000235539300023 PM 16467343 ER PT J AU MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Reniers, AJHM AF MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Reniers, AJHM TI Rip current review SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Coastal Hydrodynamics and Morphodynamics CY MAR 13-14, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol DE rip currents; morphodynamics; nearshore; hydrodynamics ID WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION; LOW-ENERGY CONDITIONS; SURF-ZONE DYNAMICS; CURRENT SYSTEM; NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; BARRED BEACHES; FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; GENERATION; MORPHODYNAMICS AB Rip currents are shore-normal, narrow, seaward-flowing currents that originate within surf zone, extend seaward of the breaking region (rip head), and can obtain relatively high velocities. Within the last decade, there have been a significant number of laboratory and field observations within rip current systems. An overview of rip current kinematics based on these observations and the scientific advances obtained from these efforts are synthesized. Rip current flows are partitioned into mean, infragravity, very low frequency (vorticity), and tidal contributions, and it is found that each contributes significantly to the total. Data from the laboratory and the field suggest that the rip current strength increases with increasing wave energy and decreasing water depths. The maximum mean current occurs inside the surf zone, where the maximum forcing is present owing to the dissipation of waves. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP MacMahan, JH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM macmahan@coastal.udel.edu; thornton@nps.edu; ad@dutcvmm.ct.tudelft.nl NR 96 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.10.009 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 016TO UT WOS:000235643500009 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Stanton, TP AF Reniers, AJHM MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Stanton, TP TI Modelling infragravity motions on a rip-channel beach SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Coastal Hydrodynamics and Morphodynamics CY MAR 13-14, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol DE infragravity waves; rip-channels; edge waves; numerical modelling; field measurements; alongshore variability; bathymetric coupling ID LONGSHORE PERIODIC TOPOGRAPHY; EDGE WAVES; SURF ZONE; RESONANT SCATTERING; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEARSHORE ZONE; NATURAL BEACH; ENERGY; GENERATION; MODULATION AB A non-linear shallow water wave model operating on the time-scale of wave groups is compared with measurements of infragravity motions on a rip-channel beach to verify the model concepts and assess the model performance. The measurements were obtained during the RIP-current EXperiment (RIPEX) in concert with the Steep Beach Experiment (SBE) performed at Sand City, Monterey Bay, CA, during the spring of 2001. The nearshore bathymetry was made up of shore-connected shoals incised by relatively narrow tip-channels spaced approximately 125 in apart. The comparison considers a 20-day period during which significant changes in both the offshore wave climate and nearshore bathymetry occurred. The temporal variation in infragravity conditions during the experiment is strong, with computational results typically explaining 70% to 80% of the observed infragravity motions within the nearshore. In contrast to the temporal variation, the alongshore spatial variation in infragravity intensity during the experiment is generally weak, even though the underlying bathymetry shows strong depth variations. Model computations suggest preferential coupling between the computed edge wave motions and the quasi-periodic bathymetry is present, a prerequisite for strong spatial variability. However, the infragravity field is dominated by cross-shore infragravity motions, which are only weakly coupled to the quasiperiodic bathymetry, resulting in a weak alongshore variability of the total infragravity motions. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Ocean Engn Lab, Newark, DE USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. EM a.j.h.m.reniers@citg.tudelft.nl NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.10.010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 016TO UT WOS:000235643500010 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Deschamps, JR AF Medintz, IL Deschamps, JR TI Maltose-binding protein: a versatile platform for prototyping biosensing SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SURFACE-TETHERED COMPONENTS; COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENT NANOSENSORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COS-7 CELLS; SENSOR; CONSTRUCTION AB The bacterial periplasmic-binding protein (PBP) superfamily members, in particular the maltose-binding protein, have been used extensively to prototype a variety of biosensing platforms. Although quite diverse at the primary sequence level, this protein superfamily retains the same basic two-domain structure, and upon binding a recognized ligand almost all PBPs undergo a conformational change to a closed structure. This process forms the basis for most, but not all, PBP-based biosensor signal transduction. Many direct detection or reagentless sensing modalities have been utilized with maltose-binding protein for both in vitro and in vivo detection of target compounds. Signal transduction modalities developed to date include direct fluorescence, electrochemical detection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based detection, surface-tethered FRET sensing, hybrid quantum dot FRET sensing, and enzymatic detection, each of which have different benefits, potential applications and limitations. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Code 6900,Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 51 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 23 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.01.002 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 018OR UT WOS:000235775200004 PM 16413768 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Hebel, JL Crum, NF AF Lederman, ER Hebel, JL Crum, NF TI Photo quiz - What is your diagnosis? - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULMONARY C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Camp Pendleton Med Ctr, Oceanside, CA USA. USN, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 81 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 016BD UT WOS:000235594600004 PM 16570668 ER PT J AU Stone, ME Kuehne, JC Cohen, ME Talbott, JL Scott, JW AF Stone, ME Kuehne, JC Cohen, ME Talbott, JL Scott, JW TI Effect of iodine on mercury concentrations in dental-unit wastewater SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mercury; iodine; mercuric iodide complexes; dental wastewater; dental unit waterlines ID REMOVAL AB Objective. This study was undertaken to determine whether iodine used to control bacteria in dental unit waterlines could increase mercury concentrations in dental wastewater. Methods. The study was conducted in four parts. Part 1. Solutions containing iodine in concentrations ranging from zero (control) to 20 mg/L were mixed with ground and sieved dental amalgam and then allowed to equilibrate by settling. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine mercury levels in the settled supernatants at 24 h and at 7 days. Part 2. Deionized water was pumped through an iodine-releasing water-treatment cartridge, collected, and mixed with ground and sieved dental amalgam. Mercury Levels in settled supernatants were measured at 24 h and at 7 days. Part 3. Iodine in water from two commercial iodine-releasing cartridges was measured using Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Part 4. Baseline mercury Levels in settled supernatants from wastewater collected from two dental chairs were compared to samples taken from chairs equipped with iodine-releasing cartridges. Results. Part 1. A linear correlation between iodine and mercury concentration (r(2)=0.9167 and 0.9459, respectively, both P < 0.001) was seen at both 24 h and 7 days. Part 2. Mean mercury levels in 24 h samples were 3.0 times higher than the controls (0.2864 mg/L compared with 0.0939 mg/L for the 24 h controls). Mean mercury levels in the 7-day samples were 5.9 times higher than the 7-day controls (0.2048 mg/L compared with 0.0348 mg/L for the 7-day controls). Part 3. The effluent from two iodine-releasing cartridges showed iodine concentrations averaging 3.2 mg/L (n=10, SD=0.8, range=2.5-4.6). Part 4. Data from the clinical study showed a statistically significant 2.5-fold increase in mercury levels with iodine-containing samples compared to baseline (0.0853 mg/L, n=18, SD=0.0441 and 0.0345 mg/L, n=18, SD=0.0145, respectively; P < 0.001). Significance: Data suggest that iodine can increase concentrations of dissolved mercury in dental unit wastewater. (c) 2005 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Waste Management Res Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Stone, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Bldg 1-H,310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM mark.stone@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.009 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 009DC UT WOS:000235090400004 PM 16002132 ER PT J AU Giordano, BC Copper, CL Collins, GE AF Giordano, BC Copper, CL Collins, GE TI Micellar electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrochromatography of nitroaromatic explosives in seawater SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrokinetic chromatography; high-salt stacking; micellar electrokinetic chromatography; nitroaromatic explosives; sol-gel ID DOUBLE-PORE SILICA; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HOMOGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAY; ELECTROPHORESIS CHIP; SEPARATION; PERFORMANCE; MICROCHIP; COLUMN; TNT AB The ability to separate nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives in seawater sample matrices is demonstrated using both MEKC and CEC. While several capillary-based separations exist for explosives, none address direct sampling from seawater, a sample matrix of particular interest in the detection of undersea mines. Direct comparisons are made between MEKC and CEC in terms of sensitivity and separation efficiency for the analysis of 14 explosives and explosive degradation products in seawater and diluted seawater. The use of high-salt stacking with MEKC results, on average, in a three-fold increase in the number of theoretical plates, and nearly double resolution for samples prepared in 25% seawater. By taking advantage of long injection times in conjunction with stacking, detection limits down to sub mg/L levels are attainable; however, resolution is sacrificed. CEC of explosive mixtures using sol-gels prepared from methyltrimethoxysi lane does not perform as well as MEKC in terms of resolving power, but does permit extended injection times for concentrating analyte onto the head of the separation column with little or no subsequent loss in resolution. Electrokinetic injections of 8 min at high voltage allow for detection limits of explosives below 100 mu g/L. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20350 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 778 EP 786 DI 10.1002/elps.200500605 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 018WG UT WOS:000235794900008 PM 16470625 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Schaeffer, DJ Johnson, EW Cunningham, JR Still, KR Wilfong, ER AF Arfsten, DP Schaeffer, DJ Johnson, EW Cunningham, JR Still, KR Wilfong, ER TI Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, and sperm velocity SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE depleted uranium; reproductive toxicity; rats; sperm concentration; sperm motion ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; RATS; INDUCTION; FRAGMENTS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; PELLETS; CELLS AB Depleted uranium (DU) projectiles have been used in battle in Iraq and the Balkans and will continue to be a significant armor-penetrating munition for the US military. As demonstrated in the Persian Gulf War, battle injury from DU projectiles and shrapnel is a possibility, and removal of embedded DU fragments from the body is not always practical because of their location in the body or their small size. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated that implanted DU mobilizes and translocates to the gonads, and natural uranium may be toxic to spermatazoa and the male reproductive tract. In this study, the effects of implanted DU pellets on sperm concentration, motility, and male reproductive Success were evaluated in adult (Pl) Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with 0, 12, or 20, DU pellets of 1 x 2 mm or 12 or 20 tantalum (Ta) steel pellets of 1 x 2 mm. Twenty DU pellets of 1 x 2 mm (760 mg) implanted in a 500-g rat are equal to approximately 0.2 pound of DU in a 154-lb (70-kg) person. Urinary analysis found that male rats implanted with DU were excreting uranium at postimplantation days 27 and 117 with the amount dependent on dose. No deaths or evidence of toxicity occurred in PI males over the 150-day postimplantation study period. When assessed at postimplantation day 150.. the concentration, motion, and velocity of sperm isolated from DU-implanted animals were not significantly different from those of sham surgery controls. Velocity and motion of sperm isolated from rats treated with the positive control compound g.-chlorohydrin were significantly reduced compared with sham surgery controls. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of DU implantation on mating Success at 30-45 days and 120-145 days postimplantation. The results of this Study suggest that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets of I x 2 mm in rats for approximately 21% of their adult lifespan does not have an adverse impact on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, or sperm velocity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.016 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012CS UT WOS:000235316400008 PM 15939419 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Jonas, RB AF Hamdan, LJ Jonas, RB TI Seasonal and interannual dynamics of free-living bacterioplankton and microbially labile organic carbon along the salinity gradient of the Potomac River SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; COASTAL WATERS; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; SEINE RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; USA; EUTROPHICATION; ABUNDANCE AB Samples were collected at stations located in the mesohaline, oligohaline, and tidal fresh regions of the Potomac River, Maryland, between April 1998 and December 1999 to evaluate the seasonal distribution of bacterioplankton and microbially labile organic carbon (MLOC) in relation to hydrodynamic parameters (dissolved oxygen, salinity, and temperature). Bacterioplankton abundance (BA) averaged 13 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) at all stations, a value that is higher than the average observed in many other temperate estuaries around the world, and were almost exclusively free-living. During the summer of 1998, BA often exceeded 30 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) in the mesohaline region during periods of anoxia in subpycnocline waters. Dissolved MLOC typically accounted for 40% of total MLOC and on some occasions during summer and autumn accounted for 80%. A significant positive relationship between dissolved MLOC and BA was evident in the mesohaline Potomac River, the region where anoxia occurs each summer, but the regressions of particulate MLOC and chl a on BA were not significant at this location. In the mesohaline Potomac River, BA regressed negatively and significantly on dissolved oxygen (r(2) = 0.50, p < 0.001). BA may be an important indicator of ecosystem health in this and other eutrophied estuaries, because of the relationships between BA, dissolved MLOC, and dissolved oxygen in the salinity stratified Potomac River and because free-living BA was elevated along the length of the river. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Cod 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 40 EP 53 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 044NU UT WOS:000237680200004 ER PT J AU Connelly, JS Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Connelly, JS Schultz, MP Flack, KA TI Velocity-defect scaling for turbulent boundary layers with a range of relative roughness SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID REYNOLDS-NUMBER; SURFACES; FLOW; WALL; SMOOTH; WAKE; LAW AB Velocity pro. le measurements in zero pressure gradient, turbulent boundary layer flow were made on a smooth wall and on two types of rough walls with a wide range of roughness heights. The ratio of the boundary layer thickness (delta) to the roughness height (k) was 16 <= delta/k <= 110 in the present study, while the ratio of delta to the equivalent sand roughness height (k(s)) ranged from 6 <= d/k(s) <= 91. The results show that the mean velocity profiles for all the test surfaces agree within experimental uncertainty in velocity-defect form in the overlap and outer layer when normalized by the friction velocity obtained using two different methods. The velocity-defect profiles also agree when normalized with the velocity scale proposed by Zagarola and Smits (J Fluid Mech 373: 33 - 70, 1998). The results provide evidence that roughness effects on the mean flow are confirmed to the inner layer, and outer layer similarity of the mean velocity profile applies even for relatively large roughness. C1 USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Connelly, JS (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00348-005-0049-x PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 004LX UT WOS:000234755400004 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Blanchard, J Latkowski, J Najmabadi, F Renk, I Sethian, J Sharafat, S Snead, L AF Raffray, AR Blanchard, J Latkowski, J Najmabadi, F Renk, I Sethian, J Sharafat, S Snead, L TI Progress towards realization of a laser IFE solid wall chamber SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Natl Museum Emerging Sci & Innovat, Tokyo, JAPAN SP JAERI, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Natl Inst Fus Sci HO Natl Museum Emerging Sci & Innovat DE inertial fusion energy; tungsten armor; armor thenno-mechanical response; ion implantation; He retention ID DRY-WALL; POWER-PLANT; 1ST-WALL; FUSION; TUNGSTEN; WINDOWS; HELIUM; DESIGN; ARMOR AB The high average power laser (HAPL) program aims at developing laser inertial fusion energy (Laser IFE) based on lasers, direct drive targets and a solid wall chamber. The preferred first wall configuration is based on tungsten and ferritic steel as armor and structural materials, respectively. A key concern is the survival of the first wall under the X-ray and ion energy deposition from the fusion micro-explosion. The HAPL design and R&D effort in the chamber and material area is focused toward understanding and resolving the key armor survival issues. This includes modeling and experimental testing of the armor thermo-mechanical behavior in facilities utilizing ion, X-rays and laser sources to simulate IFE conditions. Helium management is addressed by conducting implantation experiments along with modeling of He behavior in tungsten. This paper summarizes the HAPL chamber activities. The first wall/armor configuration and design analysis are described, key chamber issues are discussed, and the R&D to address them is highlighted. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Dept, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92030 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Dept, 458 EBU II,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. EM raffray@fusion.ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 81 IS 8-14 BP 1627 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.07.041 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017FK UT WOS:000235679300110 ER PT J AU Dando, WE Branch, MA Maye, JP AF Dando, WE Branch, MA Maye, JP TI Headache disability in orofacial pain patients SO HEADACHE LA English DT Article DE orofacial pain; migraine disability; temporomandibular joint ID MIGRAINE AB Objective-To retrospectively examine the reported history of and the disability caused by headaches in patients presenting for evaluation and treatment of orofacial pain. Background-More than 81% of patients with the chief complaint of pain in the orofacial region concomitantly report pain in other body locations. Among the comorbidities frequently reported with orofacial pain are a variety of different headaches types, including migraines, tension type headaches, and chronic daily headaches. The extent of the disability caused by those headache complaints in a large patient population is unknown. Methods-The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) is administered to all patients as a part of the initial assessment at the Orofacial Pain Center. This investigation is retrospectively examined the reported history of and the disability caused by headaches in patients who presented for evaluation and treatment of orofacial pain in the Orofacial Pain Center, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, between the dates of 1 September 2003 and 1 December 2004. Results-In the present study 261 (61.3%) patients reported a headache complaint and 100 (38%) fulfilled the criteria for migraine with or without aura. MIDAS scores were reported by 55.3% of 426 patients with the mean score of 23.68. There were no significant differences in MIDAS scores in relation to the presence or absence of an intracapsular disorder. Patients with masticatory and/or cervical myalgia demonstrated significantly higher MIDAS scores when compared to patients without myalgia. Conclusions-These findings clearly demonstrate the necessity for evaluation of headache and related disability in orofacial pain patients. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Orofacial Pain Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Branch, MA (reprint author), USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Orofacial Pain Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00345.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 012WE UT WOS:000235370800020 PM 16492243 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Fouts, DJ Zulaica, DP AF Pace, PE Fouts, DJ Zulaica, DP TI Digital image synthesizers: Are enemy sensors really seeing what's there? SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ISAR AB For a successful enemy maneuver, their most important action is the ability to identify, locate, and track their correct target. High-resolution imaging sensors such as the inverse synthetic aperture radar perform this action in the most effective way and are especially useful against low radar cross-section targets. Once the correct target is acquired and identified, the decision to engage is made and the weapons are selected. Counter-targeting is the attempt to prevent (or degrade) the engage-and-launch-weapons decision by the enemy. This paper. describes an all-digital image synthesizer technique capable of generating realistic false-target images for counter-targeting using modern digital radio frequency memory technology. Use in counter-lock on for coherent seekers in the terminal mode are also discussed. Examples of the output false target image capability are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Code EC PC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 014PU UT WOS:000235493000001 ER PT J AU Arghavani, R Xia, L M'Saad, H Balseanu, M Karunasiri, G Mascarenhas, A Thompson, SE AF Arghavani, R Xia, L M'Saad, H Balseanu, M Karunasiri, G Mascarenhas, A Thompson, SE TI A reliable and manufacturable method to induce a stress of > 1 GPa on a p-channel MOSFET in high volume manufacturing SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE compressive silicon; mobility enhancement; Si-Ge; strain; strained transistors; stress; stress nitride; stress oxide; tensile silicon AB This letter discusses a reliable and manufacturable-integration technique to induce greater than 1 GPa of stress into a p-channel MOSFET, which will be required to increase the drive current beyond I mA/mu m at the sub-90-nm process generation. Uniaxial compressive stress is introduced into the p-channel by both a selective deposition of SiGe in the source/drain and an engineered 2.5-GPa compressively stressed nitride. The highest to date compressively stressed SiN film is obtained by heavy ion bombardment during the deposition of the film. C1 Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Arghavani, R (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM Reza-Arghavani@amat.com NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1109/LED.2005.862277 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 005UV UT WOS:000234850400012 ER PT J AU Kang, W AF Kang, W TI Moving horizon numerical observers of nonlinear control systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE nonlinear observer; numerical method ID STATE ESTIMATION; OUTPUT-FEEDBACK; DESIGN; MINIMIZATION AB In this note, we develop moving horizon numerical observers and analyze the error. In the error estimation, we take into consideration both the integration error and the optimization error. The design facilitates the use of a variety of numerical algorithms to form different observers. As a special case, an Euler-Newton observer is introduced. The numerical observer is independent of any optimization software or toolbox. Furthermore, the observer is formulated in a way that is especially efficient for systems with sampled measurement. C1 USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1109/TAC.2005.863509 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 015EW UT WOS:000235535700021 ER PT J AU Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W TI Circularly polarized array pattern synthesis with electromagnetic compatibility constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE antenna array; electromagnetic compatibility; on-board antennas; pattern synthesis ID ANTENNA-ARRAY; NEAR-FIELD; OPTIMIZATION AB A constrained least squares synthesis technique for antenna arrays is utilized to determine the array element excitation coefficients that produce a prescribed radiation pattern and polarization, while simultaneously limiting the electromagnetic coupling between the array and another antenna located nearby. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Allen, OE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM oliver.allen@navy.niil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2005.861370 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 032YD UT WOS:000236811700026 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Korde, R Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF AF Kjornrattanawanich, B Korde, R Boyer, CN Holland, GE Seely, JF TI Temperature dependence of the EUV responsivity of silicon photodiode detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photodiodes; silicon radiation detectors; ultraviolet detectors ID STABILITY AB Responsivity of silicon photodiodes was measured from -100 C to +50 C in the 3 to 250 nm wavelength range using synchrotron and laboratory radiation sources. Two types of silicon photodiodes were studied, the AXUV series having a thin nitrided silicon dioxide surface layer and the SXUV series having a thin metal silicide surface layer. Depending on the wavelength, the responsivity increases with temperature with the rates 0.013%/C to 0.053%/C for the AXUV photodiode and 0.020%/C to 0.084%/C for the SXUV photodiode. The increase in responsivity is consistent with the decrease in the silicon bandgap energy which causes a decrease in the pair creation energy. These results are particularly important for dose measurement in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography steppers and sources since the detector temperature often increases because of the high EUV intensities involved. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Int Radiat Detectors Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Div Space Sci, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov; john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.862500 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 005UX UT WOS:000234850600006 ER PT J AU Hunter, DB Parker, ME Dexter, JL AF Hunter, DB Parker, ME Dexter, JL TI Demonstration of a continuously variable true-time delay beamformer using a multichannel chirped fiber grating SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE chirped fiber gratings; optical beamforming; optical delay lines; phased-array radar ID ARRAY ANTENNAS; BRAGG GRATINGS; STEERED ARRAY AB A continuously variable true-time delay beamformer based on a multichannel chirped fiber grating (MCFG) is demonstrated. The beamformer is capable of wide-band squint-free operation and demonstrates beam steering of a four-element array over +/- 40 degrees. The use of an MCFG provides a significant reduction in the length of the chirped grating required, eliminates spurious signal transmission, and utilizes narrow-band tunable laser sources. In addition, the effect of grating errors on the antenna pattern is examined and the tolerance on performance is presented. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Elect Warfare & Radar Div, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunter, DB (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Elect Warfare & Radar Div, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. EM david.hunter@dsto.defence.gov.au NR 18 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 861 EP 867 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.863056 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 011VK UT WOS:000235296400012 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Lee, JH Yang, WI Claassen, JH AF Lee, SY Lee, JH Yang, WI Claassen, JH TI Microwave properties of sapphire resonators with a gap and their applicability for measurements of the intrinsic surface impedance of thin superconductor films SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric resonator; intrinsic surface impedance; loss tangent; superconductor films; sapphire ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DIELECTRIC ROD RESONATOR; R-S-MEASUREMENT; TRANSMISSION MODE; CAVITY RESONATOR; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; RUTILE AB A dielectric resonator with a gap between the top plate and the rest has been useful for measuring the penetration depth (lambda) of superconductor films, a parameter essential for obtaining the intrinsic microwave surface resistance (R-s) of thin superconductor films. We investigated effects of a gap on the microwave properties of TE0ml-mode sapphire resonators with a gap between the top plate and the rest of the resonator. Regardless of a 10 mu m-gap in TE0ml-mode sapphire resonators, variations of the TE0ml-mode resonant frequency on temperature (Delta f(0)) as well as TE0ml-mode unloaded Q remained almost the same due to lack of axial currents inside the resonator and negligible radiation effects. The lambda of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films obtained from a fit to the temperature-dependent Afo appeared to be 195 nm at 0 K and 19.3 GHz, which was well compared with the corresponding value of 193 nm at 10 kHz measured by the mutual inductance method. The intrinsic R-s of YBCO films on the order of 1 m Omega, and the tan 6 of sapphire on the order of 10(-8) at 15 K and 40 GHz could be measured simultaneously using sapphire resonators with a 10 mu m-gap. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Ctr Emerging Wireless Transmiss Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul 143701, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM sylee@konkuk.ac.kr NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD FEB PY 2006 VL E89C IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1093/ietele/e89-c.2.132 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 014VV UT WOS:000235509400007 ER PT J AU McKenzie, R Bourgeois, AL Engstrom, F Hall, E Chang, HS Gomes, JG Kyle, JL Cassels, F Turner, AK Randall, R Darsley, M Lee, C Bedford, P Shimko, J Sack, DA AF McKenzie, R Bourgeois, AL Engstrom, F Hall, E Chang, HS Gomes, JG Kyle, JL Cassels, F Turner, AK Randall, R Darsley, M Lee, C Bedford, P Shimko, J Sack, DA TI Comparative safety and immunogenicity of two attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine strains in healthy adults SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID B-SUBUNIT VACCINE; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VOLUNTEERS; CONSTRUCTION; MUTANTS; CHALLENGE; VIRULENCE AB A vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. Two live attenuated ETEC strains, PTL002 and PTL003, which express the ETEC colonization factor CFA/II, were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 19 subjects ingested one dose, and 21 subjects ingested two doses (days 0 and 10) of PTL-002 or PTL-003 at 2 X 109 CFU/dose. Anti-CFA/II mucosal immune responses were determined from the number of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in blood measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, the antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fecal immunoglobulin A IgA) levels determined by ELISA. Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) ELISA was more sensitive than standard colorimetric ELISA for measuring serum antibody responses to CFA/II and its components, CS1 and CS3. Both constructs were well tolerated. Mild diarrhea occurred after 2 of 31 doses (6%) of PTL-003. PTL-003 produced more sustained intestinal colonization than PTL-002 and better IgA response rates: 90% versus 55% (P = 0.01) for anti-CFA/II IgA-ASCs, 55% versus 30% (P = 0.11) for serum anti-CS1 IgA by TRF, and 65% versus 25% (P = 0.03) for serum anti-CS3 IgA by TRF. Serum IgG response rates to CS1 or CS3 were 55% in PTL-003 recipients and 15% in PTL-002 recipients (P = 0.02). Two doses of either strain were not significantly more immunogenic than one. Based on its superior immunogenicity, which was comparable to that of a virulent ETEC strain and other ETEC vaccine candidates, PTL-003 will be developed further as a component of a live, oral attenuated ETEC vaccine. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Acambis Res Ltd, Cambridge CB1 9PT, England. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, England. RP McKenzie, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Dept Int Hlth, 624 N Broadway,HH,Rm 203, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rmckenz@jhmi.edu NR 28 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 BP 994 EP 1000 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.2.994-1000.2006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009EC UT WOS:000235093100024 PM 16428745 ER PT J AU Puri, P Jordan, PM AF Puri, P Jordan, PM TI On the steady shear flow of a dipolar fluid in a porous half-space SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dipolar fluids; Darcy's law; Stokes' first problem; back flow; golden ratio ID STOKES 1ST PROBLEM; ACCELERATED FLAT-PLATE; MAXWELL FLUIDS; MEDIA; 2ND-GRADE; STABILITY; BOUNDS AB The plate-driven flow of an incompressible, homogeneous, dipolar fluid in a porous half-space is studied. The exact solution to this problem, which corresponds to the porous media version of the steady-state Stokes' first problem for dipolar fluids, is obtained and an in-depth analytical and numerical investigation is carried out. Specifically, special cases of the physical parameters are determined and investigated, asymptotic results are given, physical interpretation(s) are discussed, and connections to other areas are noted. Most significantly, the analysis shows the following: (I) that a back flow can occur; (II) the flow velocity is predicted to exceed that of the (driving) plate for certain values of the physical parameters; (III) that a connection exists between the golden ratio and the solution presented here; (IV) that the flow is mathematically equivalent to the unforced motion of a damped harmonic oscillator. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2005.08.006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 043YP UT WOS:000237639300006 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J TI Kernel energy method: Basis functions and quantum methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE kernel energy method (KEM); basis functions; quantum methods ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EXTENDED BASIS-SETS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; 2ND-ROW ELEMENTS; 3RD-ROW ATOMS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; TRANSITION-METALS AB The kernel energy method (KEM) has been illustrated with peptides and has been shown to reduce the computational difficulty associated with obtaining ab initio quality quantum chemistry results for large biological compounds. In a recent paper, the method was illustrated by application to 15 different peptides, ranging in size from 4 to 19 amino acid residues, and was found to deliver accurate Hartree-Fock (HF) molecular energies within the model, using Slater-type orbital (STO)-3G basis functions. A question arises concerning whether the results obtained from the use of KEM are wholly dependent on the STO-3G basis functions that were employed, because of their relative simplicity, in the first applications. In the present work, it is shown that the accuracy of KEM does not depend on a particular choice of basis functions. This is done by calculating the ground-state energy of a representative peptide, ADPGV7B, containing seven amino acid residues, using seven different commonly employed bases function sets, ranging in size from small to medium to large. It is shown that the accuracy of the KEM does not vary in any systematic way with the size or mathematical completeness of the basis set used, and good accuracy is maintained over the entire variety of basis sets that have been tested. Both approximate HF and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are made. We conclude that the accuracy inherent in the KEM is not dependent on a particular choice of basis functions. The first application, to 15 different peptides mentioned above, employed only HF calculations. A second question that arises is whether the results obtained with the use of KEM will be accurate only within the HF approximation. Therefore, in the present work we also study whether KEM is applicable across a variety of quantum computational methods, characterized by differing levels of accuracy. The peptide, Zaib4, containing 74 atoms, was used to calculate its energy at seven different levels of accuracy. These include the semi-empirical methods, AM1 and PM5, a DFT B3LYP model, and ab initio HF, MP2, CID, and CCSD calculations. KEM was found to be widely applicable across the spectrum of quantum methods tested. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY, Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 106 IS 2 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1002/qua.20760 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 992YC UT WOS:000233918900008 ER PT J AU Truett, AA Letizia, A Malyangu, E Sinyangwe, F Morales, BN Crum, NF Crowe, SM AF Truett, AA Letizia, A Malyangu, E Sinyangwe, F Morales, BN Crum, NF Crowe, SM TI Efficacy of cyto-chex blood preservative for delayed manual CD4 testing using dynal T4 quant CD4 test among HIV-infected persons in Zambia SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; CD4 lymphocyte count; developing countries; resource-constrained countries; blood preservation; dynabeads (Dynal Biotech, Oslo, Norway); cyto-chex (Streck Laboratories, La Vista, NE) ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; TRAX CD4; TEST KIT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; WHOLE-BLOOD; IMPLEMENTATION; ENUMERATION; ASSAY AB Background: Manual CD4 tests such as Dynal T4 Quant (Dynabeads, Dynal Biotech, Oslo, Norway) are less expensive alternatives to flow cytometry in resource-limited countries. Whereas blood preservatives have proven useful for stabilizing blood samples to allow delayed CD4 testing by flow cytometry, they have not been verified for manual tests. A method for preservation of blood prior to manual CD4 testing is needed for long-distance transport or sample hatching. Methods: Blood from HIV-positive Zambian military beneficiaries was mixed (1:1) with Cyto-Chex (Streck Laboratories, La Vista, NE) blood preservative, and the blood was stored at refrigerated, ambient, and incubator (37 degrees C) temperatures prior to Dynabeads CD4 testing at 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after collection. Baseline flow cytometry and Dynabeads testing without preservative were performed for comparison. Results: Twenty-seven patient samples were analyzed. Dynabeads vs. flow cytometry had a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.84. There was excellent correlation (r = 0.96) between baseline Dynabeads testing and Cyto-Chex-preserved samples. Refrigerated samples showed strong correlation with baseline Dynabeads (r = 0.93-0.95) on days 3, 6, and 9 without decline in CD4 count (P = 0.73). Samples stored at ambient temperature yielded inferior results (r = 0.76-0.81), with a significant decline in CD4 count by day 3 (P < 0.001). The incubator arm had especially poor correlation (r = 0.30-0.49). Conclusions: Addition of Cyto-Chex to peripheral blood (1:1) adequately preserves refrigerated blood samples for up to 9 days for subsequent testing with Dynabeads CD4 test. Cyto-Chex, however, cannot be recommended for delayed Dynabeads CD4 testing with storage at 37 degrees C or ambient temperatures in tropical areas similar to the site of this study. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Maina Soko Mil Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Macfarlene Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, AIDS Pathogenesis & Clin Res Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Truett, AA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM aatruett@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000191282.77954.fc PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009GO UT WOS:000235100000007 PM 16394848 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Riffenburgh, RH Wegner, S Agan, BK Tasker, SA Spooner, KM Armstrong, AW Fraser, S Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Riffenburgh, RH Wegner, S Agan, BK Tasker, SA Spooner, KM Armstrong, AW Fraser, S Wallace, MR CA Triservice AIDS Clin Consortium TI Comparisons of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV-infected persons - Analysis of the pre-, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; mortality; survival; cause of death ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; ACCESS; TRENDS; IMPACT; ADULTS AB Methods: Comparisons of death-related variables during the 3 eras were performed. Results: The number of deaths declined over the study period, with 987 deaths in the pre-HAART era, 159 deaths in the early HAART era (1997-1999), and 78 deaths in the late HAART era (2000-2003) (P < 0.01). The annual death rate peaked in 1995 (10.3 per 100 patients) and then declined to < 2 deaths per 100 persons in the late HAART era (P < 0.01). The proportion of deaths attributable to infection decreased, but infection remained the leading cause of death in our cohort, followed by cancer. Of those who died, there was an increasing proportion of non-HIV-related deaths (32% vs. 9%; P < 0.01), including cardiac disease (22% vs. 8%; P < 0.01) and trauma (8% vs. 2%; P = 0.01) in the post-HAART versus pre-HAART era. Despite the absence of intravenous drug use and the low prevalence of hepatitis C coinfection in our cohort, an increasing proportion of deaths in the HAART era were attributable to liver disease, although the numbers are small. Conclusions: Despite increasing concerns regarding antiretroviral resistance, the death rate among HIV-infected persons in our cohort continues to decline. Our data show a lower death rate than that reported among many other US HIV-infected populations; this may be the result of open access to health care. A shift in the causes of death toward non-HIV-related causes suggests that a more comprehensive health care approach may be needed for optimal life expectancy; this may include enhanced screening for malignancy and heart disease as well as preventive measures for liver disease and accidents. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Triservice AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 35 TC 265 Z9 279 U1 4 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000179459.31562.16 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009GO UT WOS:000235100000011 PM 16394852 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI A second dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis: How often needed and how to carry SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ABSORPTION C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.11.015 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IM UT WOS:000235687300031 PM 16461150 ER PT J AU Liu, KX Chiang, CJ Heritage, JP AF Liu, KX Chiang, CJ Heritage, JP TI Photoresponse of gated p-silicon field emitter array and correlation with theoretical models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; ELECTRON-EMISSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; FABRICATION; SURFACE; SI; GERMANIUM; OXIDATION; CATHODES AB Improved fabrication and conditioning techniques for gated p-Si field emitter arrays (FEAs) (1x1 mm(2) in size with 50x50 emitters) greatly reduces the bulk damage and surface states. Consequently, only 0.9 mu A of the anode dark field-emission current was measured for 50 V applied gate potential with a very low gate leakage current. At these low gate leakage currents, the transition between the tunneling-limited field-emission regime and the supply-limited saturation regime is clearly revealed in current-voltage plots. This transition is accompanied by a reduction in the anode current fluctuation. The standard deviation of the noise current drops from a few percent in the tunneling-limited regime to < 1% in the supply limited regime at 50 V. A photocurrent of 0.41 mA was obtained for photoexcitation at 840 nm wavelength. This corresponded to 40 dB contrast ratio between the photocurrent and the dark current at room temperature. Additionally, our findings showed that surface states were fully depleted at low applied fields, the concentration of bulk defects was low and the area contributing to the dark current was confined to the emitter regions. In contrast, previously reported ungated Si field emitters had high concentrations of surface states and bulk defects. Furthermore, the contributing area to the dark current corresponded to the whole area of the device as opposed to only the emitter areas for a gated FEA. Photofield emission and dark current measurements from our gated p-Si FEA correlate well to theoretical models without requiring cooling to liquid-nitrogen temperatures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liukx@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 034502 DI 10.1063/1.2168031 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000076 ER PT J AU Rode, DL Gaskill, DK AF Rode, DL Gaskill, DK TI Comment on "Modeling of the electron mobility in GaN materials" [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 093715 (2005)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB We point out a potentially confusing characterization of an earlier work by Rode and Gaskill [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1972 (1995)] which appeared in a recent paper by Abdel-Motaleb and Korotkov [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 093715 (2005)]. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Elect Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rode, DL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Elect Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM dlr@ee.wustl.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 036106 DI 10.1063/1.2170409 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000094 ER PT J AU Mavec, JC McClanahan, SB Minah, GE Johnson, JD Blundell, RE AF Mavec, Joseph C. McClanahan, Scott B. Minah, Glenn E. Johnson, James D. Blundell, Robert E., Jr. TI Effects of an Intracanal Glass Ionomer Barrier on Coronal Microleakage in Teeth with Post Space SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal microleakage; glass ionomer; intraorifice barrier; intracanal barrier; post and core; post space AB Bacterial microleakage of the remaining gutta-percha in teeth prepared for post space with and without the use of an intracanal glass ionomer barrier was evaluated. Forty distal roots of mandibular molars were instrumented, obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, and post spaces created. Teeth were divided as follows: Group 1, 3 mm of gutta-percha; group II, 4 mm of gutta-percha; group III, 2 mm of gutta-percha plus 1 mm of Vitrebond; and group IV, 3 mm gutta-percha plus 1 mm Vitrebond. The roots were suspended in Rogosa SL broth and Lactobacilli casei was used as a microbial marker. At the end of 92 days, the mean number of days for the broth to turn turbid was group I, 23.8; group II, 43.0; group III, 57.4, and group IV, 70.5. A two-way ANOVA showed differences between the groups and a post hoc Tukey HSD analysis revealed the following significant differences (p < 0.05): Group I leaked faster than groups III and IV and group II leaked faster than group IV. In clinical situations of teeth with compromised crown-root ratio that require a post and core, 1 mm of Vitrebond over 2 or 3 mm remaining gutta-percha could reduce the risk of recontamination of the apical gutta-percha. (J Endod 2006;32:120-122) C1 [Mavec, Joseph C.; McClanahan, Scott B.; Johnson, James D.; Blundell, Robert E., Jr.] USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD USA. [Minah, Glenn E.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM captsmcnj@aol.com NR 21 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 120 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.033 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V83GZ UT WOS:000205628900010 PM 16427458 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE TI Magnetostriction of stress-annealed Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al alloys under compressive and tensile stress SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE magnetostriction; Fe-Ga; transduction; stress annealing; Galfenol AB The addition of Al and Ga to b.c.c. alpha-Fe increases the magnetostriction of Fe in the [100] direction (a factor of 12 for Fe81Ga19). The Fe-based magnetostrictive materials are machineable, mechanically tough, and saturate in fields of only a few hundred Oersteds, even under compressive loads up to -97 MPa. The effect of annealing single crystal Fe86.9Ga4.1Al9.0 and Fe86.9Ga8.7Al4.4 and polycrystalline Fe81.6Ga18.4 rods under compressive stress of 100 MPa for 10 min at temperatures between 625 and 750 degrees C were examined. After annealing, all samples showed nearly full performance at near-zero stresses and tensile stresses up to approximate to 20MPa, allowing tough wide-bandwidth magnetomechanical devices. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM wunfoglem@nswccd.navy.mil NR 4 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1177/1045389X06056060 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 014MG UT WOS:000235483700003 ER PT J AU Mital, R Wamky, CM Anderson, BL AF Mital, R Wamky, CM Anderson, BL TI Design and demonstration of an optical true-time-delay device based on an octic-style white cell SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE array signal processing; beam steering; microelectromechanical devices; optical delay lines; optical signal processing; phased-array radar ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; LINE AB A methodology for designing an octic-style optical true-time-delay (TTD) device based on the White cell (WC) is investigated. The octic cell is a "polynomial" cell, one of the two classes of TTD White cells. This octic cell is designed to produce a maximum of 6399 delays in 17 bounces, with a unit delay of 3 ps. Glass blocks are used for short delays, white lens trains are used for the longer delays. The octic cell is designed to use a micro-electromechanical tip/tilt micromirror array to direct light beams into various delay paths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43204 USA. RP Mital, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rmital@airborne.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 982 EP 990 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.861912 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 011VW UT WOS:000235297600043 ER PT J AU Niederhauser, A Kirkwood, D Magann, EF Mullin, PM Morrison, JC AF Niederhauser, A Kirkwood, D Magann, EF Mullin, PM Morrison, JC TI Ludwig's angina in pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; Ludwig's angina; periodontal disease ID INFECTION; THERAPY; BIRTH; RISK AB Ludwig's angina is an infectious process involving the submental, sublingual, and submandibular spaces that can rapidly progress to hemodynamic instability and airway loss. Treatment involves antibiotics, incision, drainage and the placement of extraoral drains. This is the first reported recent case of Ludwig's angina in a pregnant patient. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 119 EP 120 DI 10.1080/14767050500439368 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 035XE UT WOS:000237034200010 PM 16581609 ER PT J AU Yakobson, BI Couchman, LS AF Yakobson, BI Couchman, LS TI Persistence length and nanomechanics of random bundles of nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bundles of nanotubes; modeling and simulation; mechanical properties; processing; nanoscience ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ROPES AB A connection between the stiffness of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and their mesoscopic physical behaviour is presented. Persistence lengths of CNT and bundles are calculated and shown to be in macroscopic range (0.03-1 mm for an individual tube), exceeding by many orders of magnitude the typical diameters (around 1-3 nm). Consequently, thermal fluctuations can be neglected when scaling analysis is applied to randomly packed (as produced) CNT network, leading to an approximate equation of state for such material. Beyond the linear elasticity, the outmost CNT are shown to gradually split from the bent bundles; this permits access of solvent or reacting species to the CNT walls, an important mechanism promoting solubilization and chemical functionalization of nanotubes. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yakobson, BI (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM biy@rice.edu NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-8335-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 044BZ UT WOS:000237648500011 ER PT J AU Escamilla, RF McTaggart, MSC Fricklas, EJ DeWitt, R Kelleher, P Taylor, MK Hreljac, A Moorman, CT AF Escamilla, RF McTaggart, MSC Fricklas, EJ DeWitt, R Kelleher, P Taylor, MK Hreljac, A Moorman, CT TI An electromyographic analysis of commercial and common abdominal exercises: Implications for rehabilitation and training SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE EMG; low back pain; lumbar spine; rectus abdominis; sit-up ID INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE; STRENGTHENING EXERCISES; LUMBAR SPINE; MUSCLE; EMG; PSOAS; VARIETY; DEVICES; CRUNCH; LOADS AB Study Design: A repeated-measures, counterbalanced design. Objectives: To test the effectiveness of 7 commercial abdominal machines (Ab Slide, Ab Twister, An Rocker, Ab Roller, Ab Doer, Torso Track, SAM) and 2 common abdominal exercises (crunch, bent-knee sit-up) on activating abdominal and extraneous (nonabdominal) musculature. Background: Numerous abdominal machine exercises are believed to be effective in activating abdominal musculature and minimizing low back stress, but there are minimal data to substantiate these claims. Many of these exercises also activate nonabdominal musculature, which may or may not be beneficial. Methods and Measures: A convenience sample of 14 subjects performed 5 repetitions for each exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded for upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, pectoralis major, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, lumbar paraspinals, and rectus femoris, and then normalized by maximum muscle contractions. Results: Upper and lower rectus abdominis EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide, Torso Track, crunch, and An Roller, while external and internal oblique EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide, Torso Track, crunch, and bent-knee sit-up. Pectoralis major, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide and Torso Track. Lumbar paraspinal EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Doer, while rectus femoris EMG activities were greatest for the bent-knee sit-up, SAM, Ab Twister, An Rocker, and Ab Doer. Conclusions: The Ab Slide and Torso Track were the most effective exercises in activating abdominal and upper extremity muscles while minimizing lose back and rectus femoris (hip flexion) activity. The Ab Doer, Ab Twister, Ab Rocker, SAM, and bent-knee sit-up may be problematic for individuals with low back pathologies due to relatively high rectus femoris activity. C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Serv Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Escamilla, RF (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM rescamil@csus.edu NR 27 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 008LR UT WOS:000235042700002 PM 16494072 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI French war plans, 1914: The 'Balance of Power Paradox' SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE France; 1914; World War I; war plans AB Historians have noted that both German and French war preparation in 1914 fell victim to the inadequacies of traditional threat-based planning: vulnerability to 'threat deception' which caused each to underestimate or mischaracterize the threat; a tendency to 'mirror-image' by fitting intelligence into preconceived notions of how the enemy was expected to behave; and 'group think' that discouraged a serious consideration of alternative scenarios. This article applies the 'Balance of Power Paradox' to explain why, at the dawn of the twentieth century, war planning in both Germany and France was driven by an acute sense of weakness which encouraged each side to fashion highly 'risk acceptant' strategies. In particular, he examines why and how French commander-in-chief General Joseph Joffre evolved and rationalized his audacious, and disastrous, Plan XVII to leverage French weaknesses and prevent the stronger German Army from bringing the full weight of its military strength to bear against France. The potential implication of this historical vignette is that leaders, and by extension military planners, of both strong and weak states focus on the constraints faced by their opponents, and assume that they can avoid the limitations of their position, while their opponent cannot. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 117 EP 144 DI 10.1080/01402390600566423 PG 28 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 042SI UT WOS:000237549300005 ER PT J AU Colosi, JA AF Colosi, JA TI Geometric sound propagation through an inhomogeneous and moving ocean: Scattering by small scale internal wave currents (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FERMATS PRINCIPLE; INERTIAL WAVES; DEEP-OCEAN; CHANNEL; TRANSMISSION; SPECTRUM; SPEED; MEDIA; SHEAR AB Ray equations appropriate for ocean acoustic propagation through an inhomogeneous and moving ocean are put forth with applications to sound scattering by internal waves. The result reveals the important role played by range dependent horizontal current shear. The Garrett-Munk internal wave model and observations of upper ocean shear and sound speed fluctuations suggest that inertial frequency upper ocean shear may play a comparable role to internal wave induced sound speed fluctuations as a source of upper ocean acoustic scattering. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Colosi, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1121/1.2159587 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 014DD UT WOS:000235458100002 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Huang, DH AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Huang, DH TI A comparison of the underwater acoustic performance of single crystal versus piezoelectric ceramic-based "cymbal" projectors SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSDUCER AB For nearly 50 years, piezoelectric ceramics (primarily from the PZT family) have been the materials of choice as the active elements in underwater electroacoustic sound projectors. There is currently great interest in the materials science community for the consideration of newly discovered single crystal relaxor ferroelectric compositions as a potential replacement in applications that utilize piezoelectric ceramics. One of the salient features of single crystal ferroelectrics is piezoelectric coefficients that are three to seven times greater than those found in PZT. Most of the single crystal data reported in the open literature, however, are for near static drive conditions. This paper reports on the acoustic performance of prototype underwater sound projectors built from single crystal materials and driven at high drive levels over the frequency range of 500 Hz to 25 kHz. It is shown that the single crystal-based projectors exhibit at least a 4 dB higher source level as compared to identical PZT-based units. In addition, the volt-amp product required to produce I W of acoustic output is approximately one-third as much. It has also been demonstrated that when driving either the PZT-based or single crystal projectors for 1-2 h under high drive, no significant degradation in acoustic performance occurs. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 879 EP 889 DI 10.1121/1.2150153 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 014DD UT WOS:000235458100024 ER PT J AU Herdic, PC Corsaro, RD Houston, BH Baden, RM AF Herdic, PC Corsaro, RD Houston, BH Baden, RM TI Hybrid vibration isolator: Single axis control study SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Results are presented for a laboratory study of a compact, single-axis hybrid (active-passive) vibration isolator. The passive system component demonstrates a very high level of vibration isolation at frequencies roughly a factor of 3 above the fundamental system resonance. The active component complements the system by significantly reducing the transmitted vibration levels at lower frequencies, where the passive-only system is ineffective. The device consists of three basic components, a passive compliant spring, force and velocity sensing, and a piezoelectric actuation layer. The experimental system is typically excited at 50 Hz with response characteristics measured over the band from similar to 10 to 2000 Hz. The isolation performance is evaluated for an optimized passive stage as well as for all relevant hybrid layer configurations. The optimal physical control law is determined by identifying positions in the device stack where actuation and sensing are most effective at minimizing the downstream base velocity and power flow through the mount. Local force and velocity minimization are implemented via a least mean squared adaptive control filter. The role of harmonic distortion and actuator nonlinearity is examined by comparing the system performance and out-of-band enhancement obtained using PZT-4, PZT-5H, and single-crystal PMN-PT actuator materials. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Herdic, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1121/1.2149843 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 014DD UT WOS:000235458100029 ER PT J AU Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Lingevitch, JF Menis, R Edelmann, GF Calvo, DC Kim, E AF Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Lingevitch, JF Menis, R Edelmann, GF Calvo, DC Kim, E TI Demonstration at sea of the decomposition-of-the-time-reversal-operator technique SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 148th Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY NOV 15-19, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID WAVE-GUIDE; REVERBERATION; MIRROR; TARGET AB This paper presents a derivation of the time reversal operator decomposition (DORT) using the sonar equation. DORT is inherently a frequency-domain technique, but the derivation is shown in the time-frequency domain to preserve range resolution. The magnitude of the singular values is related to sonar equation parameters. The time spreading of the time-domain back-propagation image is also related to the sonar equation. Noise-free, noise-only, and signal-plus-noise data are considered theoretically. Contamination of the echo singular component by noise is shown quantitatively to be very small at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB. Results are shown from the TREX-04 experiment during April 22 to May 4, 2004 in 94 in deep, shallow water southwest of the Hudson Canyon. Rapid transmission of short, 500 Hz wide linear frequency modulated beams with center frequencies of 750, 1250, 1750, 2250, 2750, and 3250 Hz are used. Degradation caused by a lack of time invariance is found to be small at 750 Hz and nearly complete at 3250 Hz. A back-propagation image at 750 Hz shows focusing on the echo repeater. These results are discussed with comments about further research. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaumond, CF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.gaumond@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 119 IS 2 BP 976 EP 990 DI 10.1121/1.2150152 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 014DD UT WOS:000235458100034 ER PT J AU Gillingham, BL Fan, RA Akbarnia, BA AF Gillingham, BL Fan, RA Akbarnia, BA TI Early onset idiopathic scoliosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID NEURAL AXIS ABNORMALITIES; SEVERE SPINAL DEFORMITIES; PROGRESSIVE SCOLIOSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LUQUE TROLLEY; FOLLOW-UP; INFANTILE; INSTRUMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; FUSION AB Children with early onset scoliosis typically present before age 5 years. Radiographic criteria help to distinguish progressive cases from those that will spontaneously resolve. Severe cardiopulmonary problems may occur in untreated progressive cases. A comprehensive evaluation should be performed to identify commonly associated conditions, such as plagiocephaly, congenital heart disease, inguinal hernia, and hip dysplasia. For curves > 20 degrees, magnetic resonance imaging of the neural axis is indicated to rule out occult central nervous system lesions. Surgical management should be considered when nonsurgical measures, including bracing and casting, fail to arrest progression. Surgical methods continue to evolve and are primarily directed at obtaining and maintaining curve correction while simultaneously preserving spinal and trunk growth. C1 San Diego Ctr Spinal Disorders, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Surg Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Akbarnia, BA (reprint author), San Diego Ctr Spinal Disorders, Suite 300,4130 La Jolla Village Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 52 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 010VV UT WOS:000235226900005 PM 16467185 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Smith, RB AF Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Smith, RB TI Interaction between trapped waves and boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; MOUNTAIN WAVES; LEE WAVES; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; SURFACE FRICTION; OROGRAPHIC DRAG; FLOW; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE AB The absorption of trapped lee waves by the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) is investigated based on numerical simulations and theoretical formulations. It is demonstrated that the amplitude of trapped waves decays exponentially with downstream distance due to BL absorption. The decay coefficient, a, defined as the inverse of the e-folding decay distance, is found to be sensitive to both surface momentum and heat fluxes. Specifically, alpha is larger over a tougher surface, associated with a more turbulent BL. On the other hand, the value of a decreases with increasing surface heating and increases with increasing surface cooling, implying that a stable nocturnal BL is more efficient in absorbing trapped waves than a typically deeper and more turbulent convective BL. A stagnant layer could effectively absorb trapped waves and increase a. Over the range of parameters examined, the absorption coefficient shows little sensitivity to wave amplitude. A relationship is derived to relate the surface reflection factor and the wave decay coefficient. Corresponding to wave absorption, there are positive momentum and negative energy fluxes across the boundary layer top, indicating that an absorbing BL serves as a momentum source and energy sink to trapped waves. Wave reflection by a shallow viscous layer with a linear shear is examined using linear theory, and its implication on BL wave absorption is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 617 EP 633 DI 10.1175/JAS3640.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 019XG UT WOS:000235870900013 ER PT J AU Smith, RB Jiang, QF Doyle, JD AF Smith, RB Jiang, QF Doyle, JD TI A theory of gravity wave absorption by a houndary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB A one-layer model of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) is proposed to explain the nature of lee-wave attenuation and gravity wave absorption seen in numerical simulations. Two complex coefficients are defined: the compliance coefficient and the wave reflection coefficient. A real-valued ratio of reflected to incident wave energy is also useful. The key result is that, due to horizontal friction, the wind response in the BL is shifted upstream compared to the phase of disturbances in the free atmosphere. The associated 4 flow divergence modulates the thickness of the BL so that it partially absorbs incident gravity waves. A simple expression is derived relating the reflection coefficient to the attenuation and wavelength shift of trapped lee waves. Results agree qualitatively with the numerical simulations, including the effects of increased surface roughness and heat flux. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 8 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1175/JAS3631.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 019XG UT WOS:000235870900024 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW Smith, D Loschialpo, P AF Monzon, C Forester, DW Smith, D Loschialpo, P TI Exact solution to plane-wave scattering by an ideal "left-handed" wedge SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; REFRACTION AB An exact analytical solution to the problem of plane-wave diffraction by a penetrable left-handed medium (LHM) is an element of = mu = -1 wedge of arbitrary angle (subject to valid physical constraints) is presented. Standard analysis involving discontinuous angular eigenfunctions and even/odd symmetry decomposition resulted in a discrete spectrum leading to a series solution resembling the traditional perfect electric conductor wedge solution but exhibiting the expected negative refraction phenomenology. Numerical results are presented, some of which seemed paradoxical but are explainable by classical means. A new type of illusory edge radiation is observed and explained. Also, a novel edge-launched interface standing wave is observed on the directly illuminated side. The exact analytical solution is verified by comparison with finite-difference time-domain simulation oil causal LHM materials. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Dept, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Dept, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM jcmonzon@olg.com NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.000339 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 006ET UT WOS:000234879100014 PM 16477839 ER PT J AU Chen, YF Beckwitt, K Wise, FW Aitken, BG Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Chen, YF Beckwitt, K Wise, FW Aitken, BG Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Measurement of fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities of glasses SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We extend the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling technique for measurements of cubic nonlinearities of materials to include higher-order nonlinearities. The governing equations of the extended technique are derived and applied to the analysis of the experimental measurements. We report the observation of saturation of the cubic optical nonlinearity of several glasses. Fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities are required to account for the measured nonlinear phase shifts. The observation of saturable nonlinear indices accompanied by only moderate nonlinear absorption will be relevant to some applications. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Corning Inc, Res Dev & Engn Div, Corning, NY 14831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Phys, 212 Clark Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yc245@cornell.edu NR 10 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000347 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 013KQ UT WOS:000235408600021 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Platz, EA Presti, JC Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Kane, CJ Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Platz, EA Presti, JC Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Kane, CJ Terris, MK TI Obesity, serum prostate specific antigen and prostate size: Implications for prostate cancer detection SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; obesity; prostate-specific antigen ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; HYPERPLASIA; BIOPSY; RISK; MEN; ANTHROPOMETRY; POPULATION; PREDICTOR; INSULIN AB Purpose: Obesity has been associated with lower serum testosterone, theoretically resulting in decreased PSA production. Obesity has also been associated with prostatic enlargement, making the detection of existent cancer more difficult. Together these findings would result in an apparent protective effect of obesity on prostate cancer risk due to technical detection issues unrelated to cancer biology. We examined the association between BMI, and PSA and prostate weight in a cohort of men undergoing RP. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the association of BMI with prostate weight and PSA using linear regression, adjusting for patient age at RP, year of RP, race, and pathological stage and grade in 1,414 men treated with RP between 1988 and 2004 at the 5 equal access medical centers that comprise the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database. Results: On multivariate analysis increasing BMI was associated with increasing prostate weight but only in men younger than 63 years and not in men 63 years or older (p-trend < 0.001 and 0.44, respectively). In men younger than 63 years mean multivariate adjusted prostate weight +/- SE in those with a BMI of less than 25 vs 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2) was 33.8 +/- 1.4 vs 41.4 +/- 1.6 gm. There was no significant association between BMI and preoperative PSA (p-trend = 0.70). Conclusions: In a cohort of men undergoing RP obesity was associated with larger prostate size but only in younger men. There was no association between BMI and PSA. Assuming equal PSA, the degree of prostatic enlargement observed in younger obese men in this study would be expected to result in a modest decrease in the odds of detecting prostate cancer in a contemporary series of PSA screened men due to the decreased sensitivity of cancer detection related to larger prostate size. Obesity may appear protective for prostate cancer in younger men due to technical issues unrelated to cancer biology. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Urol, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50CA58236, R01CA100938, P50 CA92131-01A1] NR 21 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 175 IS 2 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00162-X PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 001XO UT WOS:000234576200022 PM 16406980 ER PT J AU Kuo, MD LoPresti, DC Gover, DD Hall, LD Ferrara, SL AF Kuo, MD LoPresti, DC Gover, DD Hall, LD Ferrara, SL TI Intentional retrieval of Viabil stent-grafts from the biliary system SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS; COMMON BILE-DUCT; FOLLOW-UP; OBSTRUCTION; STRICTURES; WALLSTENTS; TRIAL AB The present report describes the intentional retrieval of six Viabil stent-grafts from the biliary system. The six stent-grafts were successfully removed from five patients with a mean time from placement to retrieval of 38 days. Successful retrieval was independent of underlying disease etiology and included strictures associated with benign disease, malignant disease, disease of unknown etiology, and stent-graft misplacement. There were no complications resulting from stent-graft retrieval. Intentional removal of Viabil stent-grafts is technically feasible. Further study is necessary to establish its potential role in the management of biliary disease. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Kuo, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM mkuo@ucsd.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1097/01.RVI.0000194867.86371.0B PN 1 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 020ZN UT WOS:000235952100025 PM 16517789 ER PT J AU Parlette, EC Groff, WF Kinshella, MJ Domankevitz, Y O'Neill, J Ross, EV AF Parlette, EC Groff, WF Kinshella, MJ Domankevitz, Y O'Neill, J Ross, EV TI Optimal pulse durations for the treatment of leg telangiectasias with a neodymium YAG laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE laser; leg vein; neodymium YAG; telangiectasia; light ID LOWER-EXTREMITY TELANGIECTASES; RETICULAR VEINS; BLOOD-VESSELS; SPIDER VEINS; SCLEROTHERAPY AB Background: Leg veins can be effectively treated with lasers. However, the optimal pulse duration for small leg veins has not been established in human studies with a Nd:YAG laser. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate a range of pulse durations to determine an optimal pulse duration for clearance of leg veins. Study Design/Materials and Methods: After mapping and photo documentation of the leg veins to be treated, a variable pulse duration Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (3-100 milliseconds) was used in a single test site session. Pulse durations of 3, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 milliseconds were used. At the 3-week follow-up, the optimal pulse duration was defined as that pulse duration which resulted in the most complete clearance of vessels with the least side effects. Up to 20 vessels were then treated using the established "optimal" pulse duration. Final evaluation was at 16 weeks after the initial visit. Three blinded observers rated the percent of vessels completely cleared based on initial and final photographs' Results: Eighteen patients completed the study. Fluence thresholds for immediate vessel changes varied depending on spot size and vessel diameter, with larger fluences required for smaller spot sizes and smaller vessels. Shorter pulse durations (<= 20 milliseconds) were associated with occasional spot sized purpura and spot sized post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Longer pulse durations (4060 milliseconds) achieved superior vessel elimination with less post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. With a single laser treatment, 71% of the treated vessels cleared. Conclusions: Compared to shorter pulses (< 20 milliseconds), longer pulses may provide gentler heating of thevessel and a greater ratio of contraction to thrombosis. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Hosp, PSC 475, Dept Dermatol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evrosso@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1002/lsm.20245 PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 020OR UT WOS:000235919700004 PM 16240418 ER PT J AU Butler, EG McClellan, SD Ross, EV AF Butler, EG McClellan, SD Ross, EV TI Split treatment of photodamaged skin with KTP 532 nm laser with 10 mm handpiece versus IPL: A cheek-to-cheek comparison SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dyschromia; photorejuvenation; pigment; telangiectasia ID INTENSE PULSED-LIGHT; PHOTOREJUVENATION; REJUVENATION AB Background and Objectives: The treatment of photo-damaged skin with potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported in several studies. Each device has strengths and weaknesses; however, patient and device variability have made it difficult to ascertain the optimal device for photorejuvenation. The objective of this study was to obtain a head-to-head comparison of IPL and KTP laser for photorejuvenation. Each patient received one KTP laser treatment on one side of the face and one IPL treatment on the other side. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with skin types I-IV were accepted into the study based on existence of dyschromias (pigmented and vascular) and/or discrete telangiectases. After performance of test spots on each patient to determine optimal settings for both devices, patients were treated with both devices in a split face manner. Evaluations and photographs were performed 1 week and 1 month after treatment. Patient and observer evaluations of results were recorded, as well as time to perform each treatment, and patient feedback with regard to pain and edema. No anesthesia was used in these treatments. Photographs were reviewed by a panel of blinded observers to assess changes in red and brown dyschromias. Results: One month average improvement (evaluator) for IPL side was (mean) 38.16%/35.08% for vascular/pigment lesions versus 41.99%/30.21% for KTP side. Patient self-evaluated global improvement at 1 month was (mean) 65.59% for IPL side versus 60.88% for KTP side. A majority of patients found the KTP to be slightly more painful with a mean pain rating of 5.27 of 10 versus 4.4 of 10 for IPL. A majority of patients experienced subjectively greater post-procedure swelling on the KTP side. Time to conduct treatment was an average of 10.0 minutes for IPL, 8.7 minutes for KTP. Conclusions: Both large spot KTP and IPL achieved marked improvement in vascular and pigmented lesions in one session. The KTP laser caused slightly more discomfort and edema than the IPL. On the other hand, the KTP laser was faster, and more ergonomically flexible. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM EVRoss@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1002/lsm.20222 PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 020OR UT WOS:000235919700008 PM 16142765 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M AF Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M TI Damage detection using multivariate recurrence quantification analysis SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; PLOTS; DIMENSION AB Recurrence-quantification analysis (RQA) has emerged as a useful tool for detecting subtle nonstationarities and/or changes in time-series data. Here, we extend the RQA analysis methods to multivariate observations and present a method by which the "length scale" parameter e (the only parameter required for RQA) may be selected. We then apply the technique to the difficult engineering problem of damage detection. The structure considered is a finite element model of a rectangular steel plate where damage is represented as a cut in the plate, starting at one edge and extending from 0% to 25% of the plate width in 5% increments. Time series, recorded at nine separate locations on the structure, are used to reconstruct the phase space of the system's dynamics and subsequently generate the multivariate recurrence (and cross-recurrence) plots. Multivariate RQA is then used to detect damage-induced changes to the structural dynamics. These results are then compared with shifts in the plate's natural frequencies. Two of the RQA-based features are found to be more sensitive to damage than are the plate's frequencies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.08.007 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 989WB UT WOS:000233703600010 ER PT J AU Benevides, LA Hintenlang, DE AF Benevides, LA Hintenlang, DE TI Characterization of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor dosimeters for application in clinical mammography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOSFET DOSIMETER; DIAGNOSTIC-RADIOLOGY; SYSTEM; PROBE; AIR AB Five high-sensitivity metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor dosimeters in the TN-502 and 1002 series (Thomson Nielsen Electronics Ltd., 25B, Northside Road, Ottawa, ON K2H8S1, Canada) were evaluated for use in the mammography x-ray energy range (22-50 kVp) as a tool to assist in the documentation of patient specific average glandular dose. The dosimeters were interfaced with the Patient Dose Verification System, model No. TN-RD 15, which consisted of a dosimeter reader and up to four dual bias power supplies. Two different dual bias power supplies were evaluated in this study, model No. TN-RD 22 in high-sensitivity mode and a very-high sensitivity prototype. Each bias supply accommodates up to five dosimeters for 20 dosimeters per system. Sensitivity of detectors, defined as the mV/C kg(-1), was measured free in air with the bubble side of the dosimeter facing the x-ray field with a constant exposure. All dosimeter models' angular response showed a marked decrease in response when oriented between 120 degrees and 150 degrees and between at 190 degrees and 220 degrees relative to the incident beam. Sensitivity was evaluated for Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, and Rh/Rh target-filter combinations. The individual dosimeter model sensitivity was 4.45 x 10(4) mV/C kg(-1) (11.47 mV R-1) for TN-502RDS (micro); 5.93 x 10(4) mV per C kg(-1) (15.31 mV R-1) for TN-1002RD; 6.06 x 10(4) mV/C kg(-1) (15.63 mV R-1) for TN-1002RDI; 9.49 x 10(4) mV per C kg(-1) (24.49 mV R-1) for TN-1002RDM (micro); and 11.20 x 104 mV/C kg(-1) (28.82 mV R-1) for TN-1002RDS (micro). The energy response is presented and is observed to vary with dosimeter model, generally increasing with tube potential through the mammography energy range. An intercomparison of the high-sensitivity mode of TN-RD-22 was made to the very-high sensitivity bias power supply using a Mo/Mo target-filter. The very-high sensitivity-bias power supply increased dosimeter response by 1.45 +/- 0.04 for dosimeter models TN-1002RD and TN-1002RDM. The responses of all dosimeter models were found to be linear for tube potentials of between 24 and 48 kVp. Dosimeters showed a reproducibility varying from 15.5% to 31.8% depending on the model of dosimeter. Micro MOSFETS model Nos. TN-1002RDS and TN-1002RDM used in conjunction with their respective high-sensitivity and ultrahigh- sensitivity bias supplies provided the highest sensitivity response of the models evaluated. Either micro MOSFETS model No. TN-1002RDS or TN-1002RDM used in conjunction with the appropriate bias supply provide the best choice for clinical mammography applications. Under these conditions, MOSFET dosimeters can provide a viable option as a dosimeter in the mammography energy range (22-50 kVp). The clinical application of MOSFET dosimeters must take into account the energy dependence and reproducibility to ensure accurate measurements. (c) 2006 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Univ Florida, Nucl Sci Ctr 202, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Hintenlang, DE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Nucl Sci Ctr 202, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM dhinten@ufl.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1118/1.2150779 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 017GR UT WOS:000235682600031 PM 16532959 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Coy, L Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Manney, GL Hogan, TF Kim, YJ AF Allen, DR Coy, L Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Manney, GL Hogan, TF Kim, YJ TI NOGAPS-ALPHA simulations of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric major warming SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EDDIES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSES; NUMERICAL FORECASTS; PREDICTIVE SKILL; ANTARCTIC WINTER; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; UNIFIED MODEL; TOTAL OZONE AB A high-altitude version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) spectral forecast model is used to simulate the unusual September 2002 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric major warming. Designated as NOGAPS-Advanced Level Physics and High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA), this model extends from the surface to 0.005 hPa (similar to 85 km altitude) and includes modifications to multiple components of the operational NOGAPS system, including a new radiative heating scheme, middle-atmosphere gravity wave drag parameterizations, hybrid vertical coordinate, upper-level meteorological initialization, and radiatively active prognostic ozone with parameterized photochemistry. NOGAPS-ALPHA forecasts (hindcasts) out to 6 days capture the main features of the major warming, such as the zonal mean wind reversal, planetary-scale wave amplification, large upward Eliassen-Palm (EP) fluxes, and splitting of the polar vortex in the middle stratosphere. Forecasts beyond 6 days have reduced upward EP flux in the lower stratosphere, reduced amplitude of zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3, and a middle stratospheric vortex that does not split. Three-dimensional EP-flux diagnostics in the troposphere reveal that the longer forecasts underestimate upward-propagating planetary wave energy emanating from a significant blocking pattern over the South Atlantic that played a large role in forcing the major warming. Forecasts of less than 6 days are initialized with the blocking in place, and therefore are not required to predict the blocking onset. For a more thorough skill assessment, NOGAPS-ALPHA forecasts over 3 weeks during September-October 2002 are compared with operational NOGAPS 5-day forecasts made at the time. NOGAPS-ALPHA forecasts initialized with 2002 operational NOGAPS analyses show a modest improvement in skill over the NOGAPS operational forecasts. An additional, larger improvement is obtained when NOGAPS-ALPHA is initialized with reanalyzed 2002 fields produced with the currently operational (as of October 2003) Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). Thus the combination of higher model top, better physical parameterizations, and better initial conditions all yield improved forecasting skill over the NOGAPS forecasts issued operationally at the time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Las Vegas, NV USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), Dordt Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 498 4th Ave NE, Sioux Ctr, IA 51250 USA. EM dallen@dordt.edu OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 134 IS 2 BP 498 EP 518 DI 10.1175/MWR3086.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 019NT UT WOS:000235844700004 ER PT J AU Zu, LJ Norris, DJ Kennedy, TA Erwin, SC Efros, AL AF Zu, LJ Norris, DJ Kennedy, TA Erwin, SC Efros, AL TI Impact of ripening on manganese-doped ZnSe nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SHAPE CONTROL; INP-MN; LUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH AB We examine the impact of growth kinetics on the incorporation of Mn dopants into ZnSe nanocrystals. We synthesize such particles, also known as colloidal quantum dots, and use optical spectroscopy to extract information about the average number of Mn impurities per nanocrystal as the reaction proceeds. We find that this number increases with particle growth until the Zn and/or Se precursors are depleted in the reaction solution. It the reaction is continued further, then ripening of the colloid begins and the average number of Mn per nanocrystal decreases, even as the particles slowly increase In size. We show that this effect, which is detrimental for enhanced doping, can be avoided if the reactant concentration is maintained by addition of more reactants. We consider several explanations and conclude that intraparticle ripening, in which material is redistributed on the same nanocrystal due to evolution of the particle shape, is the most consistent with experimental observations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, DJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM dnorris@umn.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Norris, David/F-4022-2010 NR 47 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1021/nl051732y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 015DS UT WOS:000235532700037 PM 16464060 ER PT J AU Nelson, F Billinghurst, RC Pidoux, I Reiner, A Langworthy, M McDermott, M Malogne, T Sitler, DF Kilambi, NR Lenczner, E Poole, AR AF Nelson, F Billinghurst, RC Pidoux, I Reiner, A Langworthy, M McDermott, M Malogne, T Sitler, DF Kilambi, NR Lenczner, E Poole, AR TI Early post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like changes in human articular cartilage following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament; rupture; articular cartilage; osteoarthritis; collagen; proteoglycan; degradation ID II COLLAGEN DEGRADATION; JOINT CARTILAGE; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; KNEE INJURY; PROTEOGLYCAN; CLEAVAGE; DAMAGE; INTERLEUKIN-1; TRANSECTION; INHIBITOR AB Objective: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) frequently leads to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we determined whether early degenerative changes characteristic of idiopathic OA are induced in articular cartilage following ACL injury. Methods: A small sample of femoral articular cartilage was removed at surgery, as part of ACL reconstruction, from a total of 50 patients with ACL injuries. Of these, 28 underwent surgery less than 1 year post-injury. Control cartilages were obtained from the same site from 21 persons at autopsy. All cartilages were examined for molecular changes. The content of type II collagen, its cleavage by collagenases and its denaturation were determined by immunoassay. The total content of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), which is principally aggrecan, was measured colorimetrically. Data were expressed per unit DNA (GAG and collagen content) or as a percentage of total collagen cleaved or denatured. Other cartilages from the same site (8 controls, 12 less than 1 year and 8 more than 1 year post-injury) were frozen sectioned and examined histologically to determine by Mankin grading cartilage degeneration. Results: Histological analyses revealed that control subjects exhibited staining for proteoglycan, which was reduced in some patients following ACL rupture. Degeneration of the articular surface was sometimes observed 1 year after ACL rupture. Although the Mankin grade increased with time after rupture these changes were not significant. Immunoassays, however, revealed an increase in GAG content within 1 year which was maintained after 1 year although no longer significant. No changes in total type II collagen content were observed during the period of study. However, there were significant increases in the denaturation and cleavage of type II collagen less than and more than 1 year post-ACL rupture. Total type II collagen content was directly correlated with GAG content in all three groups, with the significance being weakest at more than 1 year. After 1 year an inverse correlation was observed between total type II collagen content and collagen cleavage as well as denaturation. Conclusions: These observations reveal that joint instability resulting from ACL injury rapidly results in degenerative changes characteristic of those seen in idiopathic OA at arthroplasty and in experimental OA following ACL surgery. These changes may contribute to the development of post-traumatic OA that is commonly observed following ACL injury. The observations support and extend conclusions from other studies on human and animal articular cartilage and synovial fluids post-ACL injury that have revealed a rapid onset of damage to type II collagen and an initial increase in proteoglycan content characteristic of experimental OA post-ACL injury. This study provides direct evidence for the rapid development of degenerative changes characteristic of OA following ACL injury. (c) 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Orthopaed, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Surg, Div Surg Res, Shriners Hosp Children,Joint Dis Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Poole, AR (reprint author), Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Bone & Joint, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM rpoole@shriners.mcgill.ca FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13857] NR 27 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD FEB PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2005.08.005 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 011AM UT WOS:000235240000003 PM 16242972 ER PT J AU Holston, AM Miller, JR AF Holston, AM Miller, JR TI Primary lung abscess caused by multidrug-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in a child SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lung abscess; Streptococcus pneunioniae; multidrug nonsusceptible; penicillin-resistant ID THERAPY AB We report a 21-month-old boy with primary lung abscess caused by multi drug-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. A computed tomography-guided aspirate obtained on admission grew penicillin-, ceftriaxone-, erythromycin- and clindamycin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae. The patient was treated for 10 days with parental rifampin and cefotaxime and then for 4 weeks with oral cefpodoxime and recovered without complications. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Holston, AM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, 4th Floor,Room 461003,Wing 4N-P,620 John Paul Jon, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM aholston@mar.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 182 EP 183 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000199320.87812.d9 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 015QY UT WOS:000235567100020 PM 16462303 ER PT J AU Schneider, CS Winchell, SD AF Schneider, CS Winchell, SD TI Hysteresis in conducting ferromagnets SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Hysteresis and Micromagnetic Modeling (HMM 2005) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, HUNGARY SP Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Univ Pecs, Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci HO Hungarian Acad Sci DE ferromagnetic; hysteresis; conductivity; eddy currents AB Maxwell's magnetic diffusion equation is solved for conducting ferromagnetic cylinders to predict a magnetic wave velocity, a time delay for flux penetration and an eddy current field, one of five fields in the linear unified field model of hysteresis. Measured Faraday voltages for a thin steel toroid are shown to be proportional to magnetic field step amplitude and decrease exponentially in time due to maximum rather than average permeability. Dynamic permeabilities are a field convolution of quasistatic permeability and the delay function from which we derive and observe square root dependence of coercivity on rate of field change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), 1047 Little Magothy View, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM schneide@usna.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.064 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 010WZ UT WOS:000235229900065 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Kennedy, TA Worschech, L Forchel, A Bacher, G Slobodskyy, T Schmidt, G Molenkamp, LW AF Scheibner, M Kennedy, TA Worschech, L Forchel, A Bacher, G Slobodskyy, T Schmidt, G Molenkamp, LW TI Coherent dynamics of locally interacting spins in self-assembled Cd1-xMnxSe/ZnSe quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; WELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; PRECESSION; CD1-XMNXTE; EXCHANGE; EXCITONS; CARRIERS; IONS AB The coherent dynamics of locally interacting spins of carriers and magnetic atoms in the crystal matrix of self-assembled CdMnSe/ZnSe quantum dots was analyzed by means of time resolved Kerr rotation. We demonstrate that even in such a system of tightly interacting spins a coherent transfer of spin between the different subsystems is possible. Strong evidence for an enhancement of the spin coherence time of both the carrier and the manganese system with respect to higher dimensional structures is found. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, TEP, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Duisburg Essen, Werkstoffe Elektrotech, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys EP3, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, TEP, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM michael.scheibner@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de OI Molenkamp, Laurens/0000-0003-4833-5179; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 AR 081308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.081308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BM UT WOS:000235669100011 ER PT J AU Stinaff, EA Wolford, DJ Ver Steeg, KW Hoffmann, TD AF Stinaff, EA Wolford, DJ Ver Steeg, KW Hoffmann, TD TI Acceptorlike behavior of nitrogen deep traps in GaAs : N SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; COVALENT SEMICONDUCTORS; ALLOYS; STATES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GAAS1-XPX; GAP; EXCITONS; GROWTH; RECOMBINATION AB We report the observation of excited states of holes for acceptorlike excitons bound to isolated nitrogen impurities in GaAs:N under high hydrostatic pressures. Appearance of a large absorption resonance (5 K) in optical transmission and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopies leads to the identification of the 2S excited hole state associated with the ground-state nitrogen isoelectronic bound exciton-commonly known as the N-X state from earlier GaAs-based alloy studies. Comparison with the well-established effective-mass theory of Baldereschi and Lipari for excited-state S-type spectra of acceptors in semiconductors provides good qualitative agreement with our data. We thus deduce at 26.9 kbar the ground-state hole ionization energy as being similar to 19.2 meV, which in turn leads to a unique electron binding energy of similar to 10.3 meV for isolated nitrogen traps in GaAs:N at this pressure. These data and accompanying interpretations may provide for further understanding of the deep-level behavior of isoelectronic binding mechanisms in semiconductors. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stinaff, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stinaff@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075203 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900052 ER PT J AU Tantawy, MN Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Krolas, W Danchev, M Fong, D Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Karny, M Li, K Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Tantawy, MN Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Krolas, W Danchev, M Fong, D Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Karny, M Li, K Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF TI Systematics of isomeric configurations in N=77 odd-Z isotones near the proton drip line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT NUCLEI; EMITTERS TM-145,TM-146,TM-147; DECAY PROPERTIES; RADIOACTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; TM-146; SUBSHELL; HO-148; STATES AB The systematics of the pi h(11/2)circle times nu h(11/2) and pi h(11/2)circle times nu s(1/2) isomeric configurations was studied for the odd-Z N=77 isotones near the proton drip line. The isomeric decays in Eu-140, Tb-142, Ho-144, and Tm-146 were measured by means of x-ray, gamma-ray, and charged particle spectroscopy at the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (ORNL). The spin and parity of I-pi=8(+) and 5(-) were deduced for the isomers in Eu-140 and Tb-142. New decay schemes were established, and the half-lives of the 8(+) isomers were measured to be 302(4) ns for Eu-140m2 and 25(1) mu s for Tb-142m2. No evidence for the expected 1(+) ground-state was found in the Ho-144 decay data. The proton-emission from Tm-146 was restudied. Five proton transitions were assigned to two proton-emitting states. The half-lives of 198(3) ms and 68(3) ms and the spin and parity values of I-pi=10(+) and 5(-) were established for Tm-146m and Tm-146gs, respectively. For the first time for an odd-odd nucleus, the interpretation of the observed decay properties and structure of the proton-emitting states was made by accounting for deformation and proton and neutron coupling to the core excitations. A complex wave-function structure was obtained, with dominating components of pi h(11/2)circle times nu h(11/2) for the 10(+) isomer and pi h(11/2)circle times nu s(1/2) for the 5(-) ground state. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UNIRIB, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tantawy, MN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.024316 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300024 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Heiney, PA Srinivasan, A Naciri, J Ratna, B AF Zhang, F Heiney, PA Srinivasan, A Naciri, J Ratna, B TI Structure of nematic liquid crystalline elastomers under uniaxial deformation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ORIENTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; DIRECTOR REORIENTATION; STRIPE-DOMAINS; ORDER; TRANSITIONS; INSTABILITY; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; NETWORKS AB We have used in situ x-ray diffraction and calorimetry to study liquid crystalline elastomers prepared using a one-step photopolymerization method. We used suspended weights to stretch free-standing crystalline elastomer films. With the mechanical stress parallel to the initial director, we observed a gradual nematic to isotropic transition with increasing temperature. The thermal evolution of the nematic order parameter on cooling, together with the observation of isotropic-nematic coexistence over a broad temperature range, suggests that the heterogeneity in the samples introduces a distribution of transition temperatures. With the mechanical stress perpendicular to the initial director, we observed both uniform director rotation and stripe formation, depending on the details of sample preparation. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heiney, PA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM heiney@sas.upenn.edu RI Zhang, Fan/A-6133-2010 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 021701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.021701 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AU UT WOS:000235667300041 PM 16605350 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Buhrke, RA AF Johnson, WB Buhrke, RA TI Service delivery in a "don't ask, don't tell" world: Ethical care of gay, lesbian, and bisexual military personnel SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE military; ethical; services; gay; lesbian ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; PSYCHOLOGY; ISSUES; MEN AB Because current federal law prohibits gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) persons from serving openly in the military, the 65,000 GLB men and women estimated to currently serve in the armed forces face unique Occupational stressors and a heightened need for supportive services. Psychologists in military settings face numerous obstacles in efforts to provide ethical and efficacious clinical services to GLB service members. The authors highlight common clinical problems and referral issues for GLB persons in military settings, as well as primary ethical and administrative problems for the psychologists who treat them. The authors conclude with several recommendations for enhancing appropriate treatment while minimizing harm to GLB clients in the military. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Counseling & Psychol Serv, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.37.1.91 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 014DH UT WOS:000235458500013 ER PT J AU Wang, ZX Dutta, I Majumdar, BS AF Wang, ZX Dutta, I Majumdar, BS TI Thermomechanical response of a lead-free solder reinforced with a shape memory alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE lead-free solder; shape memory alloy; NiTi; thermomechanical fatigued; creep; double-shear testing ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; SN-AG SOLDER; JOINTS; GROWTH; CREEP AB In order to improve solder joint life, we have experimented with a lead-free solder reinforced with a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). Concept viability was evaluated by conducting thermomechanical double-shear tests on bare SMA wire and single-fiber composites of Sn-3.5Ag matrix reinforced with a single SMA wire. A copper wire reinforced composite served as the control sample. The results indicate that a significant reduction in inelastic strain range can be realized by the SMA composite approach, suggesting a possible payoff in the life of solder joints. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Majumdar, BS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM majumdar@nmt.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.037 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994JQ UT WOS:000234028400024 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Korendyke, CM Brueckner, GE Giovane, F Howard, RA Koomen, M Moses, D Plunkett, SP Vourlidas, A Esfandiari, E Rich, N Wang, D Thernisien, AF Lamy, P Llebaria, A Biesecker, D Michels, D Gong, Q Andrews, M AF Morrill, JS Korendyke, CM Brueckner, GE Giovane, F Howard, RA Koomen, M Moses, D Plunkett, SP Vourlidas, A Esfandiari, E Rich, N Wang, D Thernisien, AF Lamy, P Llebaria, A Biesecker, D Michels, D Gong, Q Andrews, M TI Calibration of the Soho/Lasco C3 white light coronagraph SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETRY; ROCKET; IMAGES AB We present a detailed review of the calibration of the LASCO C3 coronagraph on the SOHO satellite. Most of the calibration has been in place since early in the mission and has been utilized to varying degrees as required by specific analysis efforts. However, using observational data from the nearly decade-long database of LASCO images, we have re-evaluated and improved many aspects of the calibration. This includes the photometric calibration, vignetting function, geometric distortion, stray light, and exposure and observation times. Using this comprehensive set of corrections we have generated and made available a set of calibrated coronal images along with a set of periodic background images to ease the accessibility and use of the LASCO database. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Swales Aerosp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7660,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM morrill@shogunnrl.navy.mil; clarence.korendyke@nrl.navy.mil; frank.giovane@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil; dan.moses@nrl.navy.mil; simon.plunkett@nrl.navy.mil; angelos.vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; arnaud.thernisien@nrl.navy.mil; phillippe.lamy@oamp.fr; antione.llebaria@oamp.fr; doug.biesecker@noaa.gov; don.michels@nrl.navy.mil; qgong@swales.com; mike.andrews@sri.com RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 233 IS 2 BP 331 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-2058-1 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 012VS UT WOS:000235369600010 ER PT J AU Bowers, CR Caldwell, JD Gusev, G Kovalev, AE Olshanetsky, E Reno, JL Simmons, JA Vitkalov, SA AF Bowers, CR Caldwell, JD Gusev, G Kovalev, AE Olshanetsky, E Reno, JL Simmons, JA Vitkalov, SA TI Dynamic nuclear polarization and nuclear magnetic resonance in the vicinity of edge states of a 2DES in GaAs quantum wells SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE quantum well; parabolic quantum well; ENDOR; two-dimensional electron system; quantum Hall effect; GaAs; DNP; fictitious spin-1/2; overtone transitions ID OPTICALLY PUMPED NMR; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; OPERATOR FORMALISM; SPIN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RELAXATION; ANISOTROPY; SKYRMIONS; SPECTRA AB Nuclear magnetic resonance is detected via the in-plane conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system at unity Landau level filling factor in the regime of the quantum Hall effect in narrow and wide quantum wells. The NMR is spatially selective to nuclei with a coupling to electrons in the current carrying edge states at the perimeter of the 2DES. Interpretation of the electron-nuclear double resonance signals is facilitated by numerical simulations. A new RF swept method for conductivity-detected NMR is introduced which offers more efficient signal averaging. The method is applied to the study of electric quadrupole interactions, weakly allowed overtone transitions, and evaluation of the extent of electron wave function delocalization in the wide quantum well. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, State Coll, PA USA. Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Bowers, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cliff.bowers@gmail.com RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.011 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500005 PM 16216476 ER PT J AU Johnson-Freese, J Erickson, AS AF Johnson-Freese, J Erickson, AS TI The emerging China-EU space partnership: A geotechnological balancer SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB Through a techno-nationalist lens, this paper will assess the growing China-European Union (EU) space partnership, and its implications for international space cooperation and competition. Techno-nationalism (jishu minzuzhuyi), the idea that technological strength is an effective determinant of national power in a harshly competitive world,(3) informs both Chinese and US perceptions of China's space development. Using this lens elevates all space activities-manned, unmanned, military and scientific-to the strategic level. It is our contention that because of the increasing China-EU space partnership, the USA must re-evaluate its approach to China-away from the containment approach, which has thus far predominated, toward an approach which would offer the USA the opportunity to influence and, thereby, decrease the importance of the emerging partnership. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Johnson-Freese, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM joan.johnsonj@nwc.navy.mil; andrew.erickson@nwc.navy.mil NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD FEB PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2005.11.001 PG 11 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 016AS UT WOS:000235593500004 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Saleem, B Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR Saleem, B Ragno, G TI Release of platelet-derived growth factors and proliferation of fibroblasts in the releasates from platelets stored in the liquid state at 22 degrees C after stimulation with agonists SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID AUTOLOGOUS FIBRIN GLUE; N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE; RICH PLASMA AB BACKGROUND: Fresh platelet (PLT)-rich plasma (PRP) treated with thrombin plus calcium chloride (CaCl2) is used to prepare a PLT gel to promote hemostasis and wound healing in a variety of surgical procedures. The effects of various agonists on stimulating the release of growth factors from liquid-preserved PLTs and the effects of the PLT releasate on the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture were investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plateletpheresis PLTs stored at 22 degrees C as high-yield PLTs for 3 to 6 days or outdated PLTs for 9 days were treated with agonists to assess release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) AA, PDGF AB, PDGF BB, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and osteocalcin and the proliferation of fibroblasts treated with the PLT releasates in tissue culture. RESULTS: All treatments except for CaCl2 alone and zeolite-CaCl2 produced significant increases in PDGF AA compared to PRP. Thrombin-CaCl2 produced significant increases in PDGF BB. Treatment by all the agonists produced similar increases in PDGF AB. TGF-beta 1 and osteocalcin levels after treatment were similar to those in PRP. PRP releasate before and after stimulation with different agonists increased proliferation of fibroblasts in tissue culture. CONCLUSION: High-yield and outdated liquid-preserved PLTs released PDGF AA, AB, and BB but not TGF-beta 1 or osteocalcin. The releasate from untreated PRP stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts in tissue culture similar to the releasates from PRP treated with the different agonists. Further studies are needed to assess whether or not high-yield and outdated PLTs may be useful in wound healing. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), NBRL, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00705.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 005WO UT WOS:000234856000012 PM 16441599 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Dornbrack, A Vosper, SB Flentje, H Mahoney, MJ Bui, TP Carslaw, KS AF Eckermann, SD Dornbrack, A Vosper, SB Flentje, H Mahoney, MJ Bui, TP Carslaw, KS TI Mountain wave-induced polar stratospheric cloud forecasts for aircraft science flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; OZONE DEPLETION; GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; PREDICTIVE SKILL; APE-POLECAT; CHEMISTRY AB The results of a multimodel forecasting effort to predict mountain wave-induced polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) for airborne science during the third Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE 111) Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000) Arctic ozone campaign are assessed. The focus is on forecasts for five flights of NASA's instrumented DC-8 research aircraft in which PSCs observed by onboard aerosol lidars were identified as wave related. Aircraft PSC measurements over northern Scandinavia on 25-27 January 2000 were accurately forecast by the mountain wave models several clays in advance, permitting coordinated quasi-Lagrangian flights that measured their composition and structure in unprecedented detail. On 23 January 2000 mountain wave ice PSCs were forecast over eastern Greenland. Thick layers of wave-induced ice PSC were measured by DC-8 aerosol lidars in regions along the flight track where the forecasts predicted enhanced stratospheric mountain wave amplitudes. The data front these flights, which were planned using this forecast guidance, have substantially improved the overall understanding of PSC microphysics within mountain waves. Observations of PSCs south of the DC-8 flight track on 30 November 1999 are consistent with forecasts of mountain wave-induced ice clouds over southern Scandinavia, and are validated locally using radiosonde data. On the remaining two flights wavelike PSCs were reported in regions where no mountain wave PSCs were forecast. For 10 December 1999. it is shown that locally generated mountain waves could not have propagated into the stratosphere where the PSCs were observed, confirming conclusions of other recent studies. For the PSC observed on 14 January 2000 over northern Greenland, recent work indicates that nonorographic gravity waves radiated from the jet stream produced this PSC, confirming the original forecast of no mountain wave influence. This forecast is validated further by comparing with a nearby ER-2 flight segment to the south of the DC-8, which intercepted and measured local stratospheric mountain waves with properties similar to those predicted. In total, the original forecast guidance proves to be consistent with PSC data acquired from all five of these DC-8 flights. The work discussed herein highlights areas where improvements can be made in future wave PSC forecasting campaigns, such as use of anelastic rather than Boussinesq linearized gridpoint models and a need to forecast stratospheric gravity waves from sources other than mountains. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil RI Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009 OI Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X NR 91 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 42 EP 68 DI 10.1175/WAF901.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024ZY UT WOS:000236236300003 ER PT J AU Daly, SM Heffernan, LA Barger, WR Shenoy, DK AF Daly, SM Heffernan, LA Barger, WR Shenoy, DK TI Photopolymerization of mixed monolayers and black lipid membranes containing gramicidin A and diacetylenic phospholipids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SINGLE-CHANNEL; ION CHANNELS; POLYMERIZATION; BILAYERS; RECONSTITUTION; ASSEMBLIES; MICROSCOPY; NANOPORES; PRESSURE AB We formed monolayers and black lipid membranes (BLMs) of photopolymerizable lipids mixed with the channelforming protein gramicidin A to evaluate their miscibility and the potential for improved stability of the BLM scaffold through polymerization. Analyses of surface pressure vs area isotherms indicated that gramicidin A dispersed with three different synthetic, polymerizable, diacetylene-containing phospholipids, 1,2-di- 10, 12-tricosadiynoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphocholine (DTPC), 1,2-di- 10, 12-tricosadiynoyi-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DTPE), and 1-palmitoyl-2,10,12-tricosadiynoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PTPE) to form mixed monolayers at the air-water interface on a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) trough. Conductance measurements across a diacetylenic lipid-containing BLM confirmed dispersion of the gramicidin channel with the lipid layer and demonstrated gramicidin ion-channel activity before and after UV exposure. Polymerization kinetics of the diacetylenic films were monitored by film pressure changes at constant LB trough area and by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of polymerized monolayers deposited onto quartz. An initial increase in film pressure of both the pure diacetylene lipid monolayers and mixed films upon exposure to UV light indicated a change in the film structure. Over the time scale of the pressure increase, an absorbance peak indicative of polymerization evolved, suggesting that the structural change in the lipid monolayer was due to polymerization. Film pressure and absorbance kinetics also revealed degradation of the polymerized chains at long exposure times, indicating an optimum time of UV irradiation for maximized polymerization in the lipid layer. Accordingly, exposure of polymerizable lipid-containing black lipid membranes to short increments of UV light led to an increase in the bilayer lifetime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Daly, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sdaly@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1222 DI 10.1021/la052327p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 008VF UT WOS:000235068100053 PM 16430286 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J TI The Kernel Energy Method: Application to a tRNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ab initio; Hartree-Fock; interaction energy; quantum mechanics; RNA ID QUANTUM CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The Kernel Energy Method (KEM) may be used to calculate quantum mechanical molecular energy by the use of several model chemistries. Simplification is obtained by mathematically breaking a large molecule into smaller parts, called kernels. The full molecule is reassembled from calculations carried out on the kernels. KEM is as yet untested for RNA, and such a test is the purpose here. The basic kernel for RNA is a nucleotide that in general may differ from those of DNA. RNA is a single strand rather than the double helix of DNA. KEM energy has been calculated for a tRNA, whose crystal structure is known, and which contains 2,565 atoms. The energy is calculated to be E = -108,995.1668 (a.u.), in the Hartree-Fock approximation, using a limited basis. Interaction energies are found to be consistent with the hydrogen-bonding scheme previously found. in this paper, the range of biochemical molecules, susceptible of quantum studies by means of the KEM, have been broadened to include RNA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003037, RR 03037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM 606654] NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1237 DI 10.1073/pnas.0510342103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009EO UT WOS:000235094300016 PM 16432197 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Shanabrook, BV Huh, SW Polyakov, AY Skowronski, M Sumakeris, JJ O'Loughlin, MJ AF Klein, PB Shanabrook, BV Huh, SW Polyakov, AY Skowronski, M Sumakeris, JJ O'Loughlin, MJ TI Lifetime-limiting defects in n(-) 4H-SiC epilayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 4H SILICON-CARBIDE; CARRIER LIFETIME; DEEP CENTERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RECOMBINATION AB Low-injection minority carrier lifetimes (MCLs) and deep trap spectra have been investigated in n(-) 4H-SiC epilayers of varying layer thicknesses, in order to enable the separation of bulk lifetimes from surface recombination effects. From the linear dependence of the inverse bulk MCL on the concentration of Z1/Z2 defects and from the behavior of the deep trap spectra in 4H-SiC p-i-n diodes under forward bias, we conclude that it is Z1/Z2 alone that controls the MCL in this material. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6870, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klein@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 14 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052110 DI 10.1063/1.2170144 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700049 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Ancona, MG Rendell, RW Snow, AW Foos, EE Bass, R AF Kruppa, W Ancona, MG Rendell, RW Snow, AW Foos, EE Bass, R TI Electrical noise in gold nanocluster sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1/F NOISE AB Motivated by applications to chemiresistive vapor sensing, the electrical noise properties of large-area gold nanocluster films are investigated experimentally. Measurements show thermal noise to dominate at low voltages and high frequencies, with a 1/f noise component becoming more important at a higher voltage and a lower frequency. The latter contribution obeys the Hooge formula in its frequency, voltage, and size dependences, and with a Hooge parameter whose relatively large size is attributed to constraints imposed by Coulomb blockade and disorder. Based on these results, a detection limit for nanocluster-based chemiresistors can be projected to approach one part per billion by volume. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 053120 DI 10.1063/1.2168678 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700086 ER PT J AU Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Khandekar, AA Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N AF Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Khandekar, AA Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N TI Long wavelength emission of InGaAsN/GaAsSb type II "W" quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CW OPERATION; MU-M; LASERS AB Low temperature (30 K) long wavelength photoluminescence emission (lambda=1400-1600 nm) from metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown InGaAsN-GaAsSb type II "W" quantum wells (QWs), on GaAs substrates has been demonstrated. Thin layers (2-3 nm) and high antimony-content (30%) GaAsSb were utilized in this study for realizing satisfactory wave function overlap and long wavelength emission. Tensile strained GaAsP barriers effectively improve the material structural and luminescence properties of the compressive strained active region. Room temperature photoluminescence data show that the type-II QW design is a promising candidate for realizing long wavelength GaAs-based diode lasers beyond 1500 nm. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Yeh, JY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mawst@engr.wisc.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051115 DI 10.1063/1.2171486 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700015 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Feuillade, C AF Jordan, PM Feuillade, C TI On the propagation of transient acoustic waves in isothermal bubbly liquids SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE linear acoustics; bubbly liquids; Stokes' 1st problem; integral transform methods ID EFFECTIVE EQUATIONS; FLUID; FLOWS; GAS AB The dynamic propagation of acoustic waves in a half-space filled with a viscous, bubbly liquid is studied under van Wijngaarden's linear theory. The exact solution to this problem, which corresponds to the compressible Stokes' 1st problem for the van Wijngaarden-Eringen equation, is obtained and analyzed using integral transform methods. Specifically, the following results are obtained: (i) van Wijngaarden's theory is found to be ill-suited to describe air bubbles in water; (ii) At start-up, the behavior of the bubbly liquid is similar to that of a class of non-Newtonian fluids under shear; (iii) Bounds on the pressure field are established; (iv) For large time. the solution exhibits Taylor shock-like (i.e., nonlinear) behavior. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.10.004 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 006ZB UT WOS:000234935400010 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI The limitations of Slater's element-dependent exchange functional from analytic density-functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; X-ALPHA CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY; BASIS-SETS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; LINEAR-COMBINATION; PARAMETER-ALPHA AB Our recent formulation of the analytic and variational Slater-Roothaan (SR) method, which uses Gaussian basis sets to variationally express the molecular orbitals, electron density, and the one-body effective potential of density-functional theory, is reviewed. Variational fitting can be extended to the resolution of identity method, where variationality then refers to the error in each two-electron integral and not to the total energy. However, a Taylor-series analysis shows that all analytic ab initio energies calculated with variational fits to two-electron integrals are stationary. It is proposed that the appropriate fitting functions be charge neutral and that all ab initio energies be evaluated using two-center fits of the two-electron integrals. The SR method has its root in Slater's X alpha method and permits an arbitrary scaling of the Slater-Gaspar-Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential around each atom in the system. The scaling factors are Slater's exchange parameters alpha. Of several ways of choosing these parameters, two most obvious are the Hartree-Fock (HF) alpha(HF) values and the exact atomic alpha(EA) values. The former are obtained by equating the self-consistent X alpha energy and the HF energies, while the latter set reproduces exact atomic energies. In this work, we examine the performance of the SR method for predicting atomization energies, bond distances, and ionization potentials using the two sets of alpha parameters. The atomization energies are calculated for the extended G2 set of 148 molecules for different basis-set combinations. The mean error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) in atomization energies are about 25 and 33 kcal/mol, respectively, for the exact atomic alpha(EA) values. The HF values of exchange parameters alpha(HF) give somewhat better performance for the atomization energies with ME and MAE being about 15 and 26 kcal/mol, respectively. While both sets give performance better than the local-density approximation or the HF theory, the errors in atomization energy are larger than the target chemical accuracy. To further improve the performance of the SR method for atomization energies, a new set of alpha values is determined by minimizing the MAE in atomization energies of 148 molecules. This new set gives atomization energies half as large (MAE similar to 14.5 kcal/mol) and that are slightly better than those obtained by one of the most widely used generalized-gradient approximations. Further improvements in atomization energies require going beyond Slater's functional form for exchange employed in this work to allow exchange-correlation interactions between electrons of different spins. The MAE in ionization potentials of 49 atoms and molecules is about 0.5 eV and that in bond distances of 27 molecules is about 0.02 A. The overall good performance of the computationally efficient SR method using any reasonable set of alpha values makes it a promising method for study of large systems. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil; dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 4 AR 044107 DI 10.1063/1.2161176 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007OP UT WOS:000234979300008 PM 16460149 ER PT J AU Rissman, TA VanReken, TM Wang, J Gasparini, R Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Brechtel, FJ Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Rissman, TA VanReken, TM Wang, J Gasparini, R Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Brechtel, FJ Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Characterization of ambient aerosol from measurements of cloud condensation nuclei during the 2003 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerosol Intensive Observational Period at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE CRITICAL SUPERSATURATION; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HUMIDIFIED TDMA; FOREST-FIRE; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; TRANSPORT; CLOSURE; SMOKE AB [1] Measurements were made by a new cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instrument (CCNC3) during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program's Aerosol Intensive Observational Period (IOP) in May 2003 in Lamont, Oklahoma. An inverse aerosol/ CCN closure study is undertaken, in which the predicted number concentration of particles available for activation (N-P) at the CCNC3 operating supersaturations is compared to that observed (N-O). N-P is based on Kohler Theory, with assumed and inferred aerosol composition and mixing state, and the airborne aerosol size distribution measured by the Caltech Dual Automatic Classified Aerosol Detector ( DACAD). An initial comparison of NO and NP, assuming the ambient aerosol is pure ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4), results in closure ratios (N-P/N-O) ranging from 1.18 to 3.68 over the duration of the IOP, indicating that the aerosol is less hygroscopic than (NH4)(2)SO4. N-P and N-O are found to agree when the modeled aerosol population has characteristics of an external mixture of particles, in which insoluble material is preferentially distributed among particles with small diameters (< 50 nm) and purely insoluble particles are present over a range of diameters. The classification of sampled air masses by closure ratio and aerosol size distribution is discussed in depth. Inverse aerosol/ CCN closure analysis can be a valuable means of inferring aerosol composition and mixing state when direct measurements are not available, especially when surface measurements of aerosol composition and mixing state are not sufficient to predict CCN concentrations at altitude, as was the case under the stratified aerosol layer conditions encountered during the IOP. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. RP Rissman, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S11 DI 10.1029/2004JD005695 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008GC UT WOS:000235027200002 ER PT J AU Damoah, R Spichtinger, N Servranckx, R Fromm, M Eloranta, EW Razenkov, IA James, P Shulski, M Forster, C Stohl, A AF Damoah, R Spichtinger, N Servranckx, R Fromm, M Eloranta, EW Razenkov, IA James, P Shulski, M Forster, C Stohl, A TI A case study of pyro-convection using transport model and remote sensing data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; POLAR OZONE; PLUME; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; AEROSOL; IMPACT; CO; STRATOSPHERE AB Summer 2004 saw severe forest fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory that were mostly triggered by lightning strikes. The area burned (> 2.7 x 10(6) ha) in the year 2004 was the highest on record to date in Alaska. Pollutant emissions from the fires lead to violation of federal standards for air quality in Fairbanks. This paper studies deep convection events that occurred in the burning regions at the end of June 2004. The convection was likely enhanced by the strong forest fire activity (so-called pyro-convection) and penetrated into the lower stratosphere, up to about 3 km above the tropopause. Emissions from the fires did not only perturb the UT/LS locally, but also regionally. POAM data at the approximate location of Edmonton (53.5 degrees N, 113.5 degrees W) show that the UT/LS aerosol extinction was enhanced by a factor of 4 relative to unperturbed conditions. Simulations with the particle dispersion model FLEXPART with the deep convective transport scheme turned on showed transport of forest fire emissions into the stratosphere, in qualitatively good agreement with the enhancements seen in the POAM data. A corresponding simulation with the deep convection scheme turned off did not result in such deep vertical transport. Lidar measurements at Wisconsin on 30 June also show the presence of substantial aerosol loading in the UT/LS, up to about 13 km. In fact, the FLEXPART results suggest that this aerosol plume originated from the Yukon Territory on 25 June. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Exeter, Devon, England. Alaska Climate Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Damoah, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM damoah@forst.tu-muenchen.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Damoah, Richard/H-1665-2012 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; NR 41 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 006JB UT WOS:000234892700001 ER PT J AU Swisdak, M Huba, JD Joyce, G Huang, CS AF Swisdak, M Huba, JD Joyce, G Huang, CS TI Simulation study of a positive ionospheric storm phase observed at Millstone Hill SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MODEL; SATELLITE; THERMOSPHERE; SAMI2 AB Simulation results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2 indicate that the changes in the F-region over Millstone Hill during the geomagnetic storm beginning on 3 April 2004 are primarily due to the influence of a long-lasting eastward electric field, as was previously suggested by C. Huang et al. [2005]. A simulation of the storm day agrees well with the observational data and shows that, compared with the ionosphere of the previous quiet day, the peak electron density in the F-region (NmF2) increased by a factor of approximate to 2, the altitude of the peak density (h(m)F(2)) rose by approximate to 80 km, and the F-region electron temperature decreased by approximate to 1000 K. Further simulations in which either the neutral atmosphere and winds or the electric field were replaced by their quiet day counterparts clearly suggest that the electric field played the dominant, although not exclusive, role in producing these effects. Citation: Swisdak, M., J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, and C.-S. Huang (2006), Simulation study of a positive ionospheric storm phase observed at Millstone Hill, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02104, doi:10.1029/2005GL024973. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. EM swisdak@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 AR L02104 DI 10.1029/2005GL024973 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008FO UT WOS:000235025800006 ER PT J AU Erickson, RP Tripathi, A Maswadeh, WM Snyder, AP Smith, PA AF Erickson, RP Tripathi, A Maswadeh, WM Snyder, AP Smith, PA TI Closed tube sample introduction for gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry analysis of water contaminated with a chemical warfare agent surrogate compound SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE field analysis; gas chromatography; ion mobility spectrometry; solid phase microextraction; resistive heating; chemical warfare agent ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FIELD DETECTION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SYSTEM; AEROSOLS; SOIL; BIOMARKER; VX AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a proven technology for detection of vapor phase chemical warfare agents. The technology is suitable for field portable instrumentation due to its small size, high sensitivity, speed of analysis, and low power consumption. However, it suffers from a limited dynamic range and potential difficulties in identifying compounds in complex matrices. The use of gas chromatography (GC) coupled to IMS can overcome the difficulty of chemical identification in mixtures by separating the sample into individual components before detection. Using this approach, IMS technology has previously been adapted to detect biological aerosols using an open tube pyrolyzer and a short GC column (Py-GC-IMS). The open sample introduction tube of a Py-GC-IMS instrument would be a convenient configuration to accept aerosol particulates, and while viewed as needed for aerosol trapping, is not optimal for liquid chemical analyses. To examine the usefulness of an existing Py-GC-IMS system for analysis of chemicals in water, an existing open-port sample interface was replaced with a septum-equipped closed tube injector to contain analyte vapors resulting from liquid injection. Tributylphosphate (TBP) was used as a surrogate chemical warfare agent, and aqueous injections into both closed and open tube assemblies were performed. Sample introduction into the closed tube inlet was also accomplished using solid phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration. The limit of detection for TBP using an open tube, closed tube, and closed tube configuration with SPME sample introduction was 0.980, 0.196, and 0.0098 mg/L respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Geocenters Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Ind Hyg Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM psmith@usuhs.mil RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 004CN UT WOS:000234729700027 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Bassim, ND Casey, J Rosenberg, A Holm, RT Henry, RL Twigg, ME AF Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Bassim, ND Casey, J Rosenberg, A Holm, RT Henry, RL Twigg, ME TI MOCVD growth of thick AlN and AlGaN superlattice structures on Si substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE low-temperature interlayer; superlattice; thick aluminum nitride; silicon ID STRESS MEASUREMENTS; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; GAN; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERLAYERS; SILICON; DENSITY; DEVICES AB A number of applications require deposition of thick, high-quality AlN films with low stress on Si substrates. Conventional high-temperature MOCVD growth produced an AlN film that exhibited cracking for a film thickness greater than 300 nm due to the large tensile stress generated during the growth process. Alternative methods, including the introduction of low-temperature AlN interlayers, were developed to control the strain developed during MOCVD growth of thick AlN on Si. Additionally, an alternating sequence of AlN and AlGaN-with up to 70% AlN-in a superlattice structure was found to decrease cracking in the films. Structures with thin crack-free GaN cap layers were demonstrated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 610 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.119 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600087 ER PT J AU Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Khandekar, AA Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N AF Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Khandekar, AA Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N TI Characteristics of InGaAsN-GaAsSb type-II "W" quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE epitaxy; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; type-II quantum well; near-infrared ID LASERS; OPERATION AB InGaAsN-GaAsSb type-II "W" quantum well structures have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that thin layers (2-2.5 nm) of GaAs1-ySby and lnGaAs(1-x)N(x) can be grown with compositions of y = 0.3 and x = 0.02. "W" structures with different N contents indicate that emission wavelengths in the 1.4-1.6 mu m range can be achieved. The use of GaAs0.85P0.15 tensile strained barrier layers is found to significantly improve the photoluminescence intensity of the "W" structure and result in a wavelength blueshift. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Yeh, JY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jyeh@cae.wisc.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.087 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600088 ER PT J AU Jang, BB Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH AF Jang, BB Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Asymmetric pentacene derivatives for organic light-emitting diodes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RED EMITTERS; FUNCTIONALIZED PENTACENE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; EUROPIUM COMPLEX; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; EMISSION AB Two aryl-substituted red emitting pentacenes, 5,6,13,14-tetraphenylpentacene (asym-TPP) and 5,14-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6,13-diphenylpentacene (DMPDPP), have been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. Guest-host films of pentacene derivatives dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminum(HI) (Alq(3)) exhibit narrow red emission (lambda(max) = 663-680 nm), indicative of efficient Forster energy transfer from the Alq(3) host to the guest molecules. Solid-state absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of the films were measured as a function of guest molecule concentration (Phi(PL) similar to 20% at 0.20-0.50 mol%). Red light-emitting diodes based on the fluorescent DMPDPP yield external electroluminescence quantum efficiency (eta(EL) similar to 1%) close to the theoretical limit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1021/cm052069h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007KO UT WOS:000234967900031 ER PT J AU Arnott, WP Walker, JW Moosmuller, H Elleman, RA Jonsson, HH Buzorius, G Conant, WC Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Arnott, WP Walker, JW Moosmuller, H Elleman, RA Jonsson, HH Buzorius, G Conant, WC Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Photoacoustic insight for aerosol light absorption aloft from meteorological aircraft and comparison with particle soot absorption photometer measurements: DOE Southern Great Plains climate research facility and the coastal stratocumulus imposed perturbation experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; LOS-ANGELES; REAL-TIME; ACE-ASIA; INSTRUMENT; FILTER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; LASER AB [1] Aerosol light absorption can be intense close to local sources such as wildland and oil fires, with smoke that disperses into the boundary layer and, with enough lift, into the upper atmosphere where it may be transported around the globe. Filter-based methods such as the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer ( PSAP) are most commonly used to quantify aerosol light absorption aloft. This paper reports first measurements of aerosol light absorption aloft with photoacoustic instrumentation (PA). Three examples of aerosol light absorption are presented. The first one illustrates a case of detached layers aloft arising from intercontinental, interoceanic transport of smoke from wildland fires in Siberia to the North American continent and the measurement campaign held at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility in north central Oklahoma. Then, two examples of intense local fire smoke light absorption from the Coastal Stratocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment near Marina, California, USA, are presented. The first local fire was an oil fire burning in a storage tank near Moss Landing, California, USA, and smoke from this fire was very dark, indicating a low single scattering albedo. By contrast, the second local fire was predominantly burning wood, vegetation, and structures near Fort Ord in Marina, California, USA, and the smoke was very bright, indicating a high single scattering albedo. In all examples, PA measurements at 676 nm were compared with those from a PSAP modified to measure at three wavelengths, including 660 nm. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Arnott, WP (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM pat@dri.edu RI Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S02 DI 10.1029/2005JD005964 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008FZ UT WOS:000235026900001 ER PT J AU Vignola, JF Judge, JA Jarzynski, J Zalalutdinov, M Houston, BH Baldwin, JW AF Vignola, JF Judge, JA Jarzynski, J Zalalutdinov, M Houston, BH Baldwin, JW TI Effect of viscous loss on mechanical resonators designed for mass detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORS AB Simple models are presented for estimating viscous damping of fluid (gas or liquid) loaded mechanical resonators. The models apply to beams in flexural modes of vibration, and to thin beams and plates in longitudinal modes of vibration. Predictions of the associated quality factor are compared with measured values for several macroscale and microscale resonators. The scaling of viscous loss with oscillator size is discussed. The minimum detectable mass is estimated for several oscillator designs and it is shown that, for comparably sized devices, longitudinal resonators have the lowest threshold of detection. This minimum detectable mass is proportional to scale to the power 1.75 for all resonator architectures limited by viscous damping, and it is shown that the viscous loss is 220 times larger in water than in air. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Vignola, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vignola@nrl.navy.mil RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041921 DI 10.1063/1.2165186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600044 ER PT J AU Andrews, E Sheridan, PJ Fiebig, M McComiskey, A Ogren, JA Arnott, P Covert, D Elleman, R Gasparini, R Collins, D Jonsson, H Schmid, B Wang, J AF Andrews, E Sheridan, PJ Fiebig, M McComiskey, A Ogren, JA Arnott, P Covert, D Elleman, R Gasparini, R Collins, D Jonsson, H Schmid, B Wang, J TI `Comparison of methods for deriving aerosol asymmetry parameter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; BACKSCATTER RATIO; PHASE FUNCTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; ACE-ASIA; VARIABILITY AB Values for Mie-equivalent aerosol asymmetry parameter (g) were derived using a variety of methods from the large suite of measurements (in situ and remote from surface and aircraft) made in Oklahoma during the 2003 aerosol Intensive Operations Period (IOP). Median values derived for dry asymmetry parameter at 550 nm ranged between 0.55 and 0.63 over all instruments and for all derivation methods, with the exception of one instrument which did not measure over the full size range of optically important aerosol. Median values for the "wet" asymmetry parameter (i.e., asymmetry parameter at humidity conditions closer to ambient) were between 0.59 and 0.72. Values for g derived for surface and airborne in situ measurements were highly correlated, but in situ and remote sensing measurements both at the surface and aloft did not agree as well because of vertical inhomogeneity of the aerosol. Radiative forcing calculations suggest that a 10% decrease in g would result in a 19% reduction in top of atmosphere radiative forcing for the conditions observed during the IOP. Comparison of the different methods for deriving g suggests that in computing the asymmetry parameter, aerosol size is the most important parameter to measure; composition is less important except for how it influences the hygroscopic growth (i.e., size) of particles. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. Source Environm Sci Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Andrews, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM betsy.andrews@noaa.gov; markus.fiebig@dlr.de; enviroberto@yahoo.com RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 49 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S04 DI 10.1029/2004JD005734 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007VS UT WOS:000234999600001 ER PT J AU Calantoni, J Puleo, JA AF Calantoni, J Puleo, JA TI Role of pressure gradients in sheet flow of coarse sediments under sawtooth waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE SANDBAR MIGRATION; NATURAL BEACH; SWASH ZONE; TRANSPORT; STRESS; MODEL; EVOLUTION AB Discrete particle model (DPM) simulations have been performed to directly examine the role of horizontal pressure gradients acting on the wave bottom boundary layer (WBBL) during the process of sheet flow transport in the surf zone. The DPM is a two-phase WBBL model that directly couples a one- dimensional eddy-viscosity fluid flow to a three-dimensional particle model. Newton's Third Law is enforced at every simulation time step through fluid-particle interaction forces of buoyancy, drag, and added-mass. Simulations are able to reproduce bedload transport rates from a laboratory data set for coarse sediment distributions. Consequently, simulations of a monochromatic sawtooth wave were performed with three coarse grain size distributions to investigate the relative importance of bed shear stresses, horizontal pressure forces, and fluid-particle drag forces on bedload transport processes. The simulation results demonstrate that the magnitude of the horizontal pressure force acting directly on sediment embedded in the WBBL is small compared to the magnitude of the particle drag force or particle stress; however, the phasing of the onshore peak in the horizontal pressure force with respect to the particle drag force is important to sediment mobilization and enhances the observed onshore bias in bed load flux. Removing the horizontal pressure force on the sediment particles resulted on average in a 30% reduction in net bed load flux. In the surf zone, free stream fluid accelerations are typically equated to the horizontal pressure gradient. Thus, the simulations may explain why the fluid acceleration can be a successful parameter for aiding in sediment transport predictions in the surf zone. C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Calantoni, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440-3,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joec@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C1 AR C01010 DI 10.1029/2005JC002875 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007VX UT WOS:000235000100001 ER PT J AU Imanishi, M Dudley, CC Maloney, PR AF Imanishi, M Dudley, CC Maloney, PR TI Infrared 3-4 mu m spectroscopic investigations of a large sample of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-LINE REGIONS; TAURUS DARK CLOUD; MU-M FEATURE; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SEYFERT-2 GALAXIES; TELESCOPE FACILITY; BAND SPECTROSCOPY AB We present infrared L- band (3-4 mu m) nuclear spectra of a large sample of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). ULIRGs classified optically as non-Seyfert galaxies (LINERs, H II regions, and unclassified) are our main targets. Using the 3.3 mu m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and absorption features at 3.1 mu m due to ice-covered dust and at 3.4 mu m produced by bare carbonaceous dust, we search for signatures of powerful AGNs deeply buried along virtually all lines of sight. The 3.3 mu m PAH emission, the signatures of starbursts, is detected in all but two non-Seyfert ULIRGs, but the estimated starburst magnitudes can account for only a small fraction of the infrared luminosities. Three LINER ULIRGs show spectra typical of almost pure buried AGNs, namely, strong absorption features with very small equivalent width PAH emission. Besides these three sources, 14 LINER and three H II ULIRGs' nuclei show strong absorption features whose absolute optical depths suggest an energy source more centrally concentrated than the surrounding dust, such as a buried AGN. In total, 17 out of 27 (63%) LINER and 3 out of 13 (23%) H II ULIRGs' nuclei show some degree of evidence for powerful buried AGNs, suggesting that powerful buried AGNs may be more common in LINER ULIRGs than in H II ULIRGs. The evidence of AGNs is found in non-Seyfert ULIRGs with both warm and cool far-infrared colors. These spectra are compared with those of 15 ULIRGs' nuclei with optical Seyfert signatures taken for comparison. The overall spectral properties suggest that the total amount of dust around buried AGNs in non-Seyfert ULIRGs is systematically larger than that around AGNs in Seyfert 2 ULIRGs. We argue that the optical (non) detectability of Seyfert signatures in ULIRGs is highly dependent on how deeply buried the AGNs are, and that it is essential to properly evaluate the energetic importance of buried AGNs in non-Seyfert ULIRGs. C1 Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Natl Astron Observ, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM masa.imanishi@nao.ac.jp; dudley@vivaldi.nrl.navy.mil; maloney@casa.colorado.edu NR 91 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP 114 EP 137 DI 10.1086/498391 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RT UT WOS:000235130800013 ER PT J AU Warren, HP AF Warren, HP TI Multithread hydrodynamic modeling of a solar flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; sun : corona; sun : flares ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; XIX RESONANCE LINE; X-RAY TELESCOPE; 1992 JANUARY 13; EMISSION MEASURE; CA-XIX; TEMPERATURE DIAGRAM; YOHKOH OBSERVATIONS; CORONAL LOOPS; A MISSION AB Past hydrodynamic simulations have been able to reproduce the high temperatures and densities characteristic of solar flares. These simulations, however, have not been able to account for the slow decay of the observed flare emission or the absence of blueshifts in high spectral resolution line profiles. Recent work has suggested that modeling a flare as a sequence of independently heated threads instead of as a single loop may resolve the discrepancies between the simulations and observations. In this paper, we present a method for computing multithread, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations of solar flares and apply it to observations of the Masuda flare of 1992 January 13. We show that it is possible to reproduce the temporal evolution of high temperature thermal flare plasma observed with the instruments on the GOES and Yohkoh satellites. The results from these simulations suggest that the heating timescale for a individual thread is on the order of 200 s. Significantly shorter heating timescales (20 s) lead to very high temperatures and are inconsistent with the emission observed by Yohkoh. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.1086/497904 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RT UT WOS:000235130800047 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA AF Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA TI The origin of high-speed motions and threads in prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : magnetic fields; sun : prominences ID SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TRANSITION-REGION; THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM; EUV FILAMENT; DYNAMICS; MODEL; FLOWS; TRACE; CONSTRAINTS AB Prominences are among the most spectacular manifestations of both quiescent and eruptive solar activity, yet the origins of their magnetic-field and plasma structures remain poorly understood. We have made steady progress toward a comprehensive model of prominence formation and evolution with our sheared three-dimensional arcade model for the magnetic field and our thermal nonequilibrium model for the cool, dense material suspended in the corona. According to the thermal nonequilibrium model, condensations form readily along long, low-lying magnetic field lines when the heating is localized near the chromosphere. In most cases this process yields a dynamic cycle in which condensations repetitively form, stream along the field, and ultimately disappear by falling onto the nearest footpoint. Two key observed features were not adequately explained by our earlier simulations of thermal nonequilibrium, however: the threadlike (i.e., elongated) horizontal structure and high-speed motions of many condensations. In this paper we discuss how simple modifications to the radiative-loss function, the heating scale, and the geometry of our model largely eliminate these discrepancies. In particular, condensations in nearly horizontal flux tubes are most likely to develop both transient high-speed motions and elongated threads. These results strengthen the case for thermal nonequilibrium as the origin of prominence condensations and support low-twist models of prominence magnetic structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judy.karpen@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1086/498237 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RT UT WOS:000235130800048 ER PT J AU Dewangan, GC Titarchuk, L Griffiths, RE AF Dewangan, GC Titarchuk, L Griffiths, RE TI Black hole mass of the ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (M82 X-1); X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION CAMERA; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; XTE J1550-564; GALAXY; M82; CHANDRA; DISCOVERY; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA AB We report the first clear evidence for the simultaneous presence of a low-frequency break and a QPO in the fluctuation power spectrum of a well-known ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in M82 using long XMM-Newton observations. The break occurs at a frequency of 34.2(-3)(+6) m Hz. The QPO has a centroid at nu(QPO) = 114.3 +/- 1.5 m Hz, a coherence Q equivalent to nu(QPO/Delta FWHM) similar or equal to 3.5, and an amplitude (rms) of 19% in the 2-10 keV band. The power spectrum is approximately flat below the break frequency and then falls off above the break frequency as a power law with the QPO superposed. This form of the power spectrum is characteristic of the Galactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) in their high or intermediate states. M82 X-1 was likely in an intermediate state during the observation. The EPIC pn spectrum is well described by a model comprising an absorbed power law (Gamma similar to 2) and an iron line at similar to 6.6 keV with a width and an equivalent width of similar to 180 eV. Using the well-established correlations sigma similar to 0.2 keV between the power and energy spectral parameters for XRBs, we estimate a black hole mass for M82 X-1 in the range of similar to 25-520 M-circle dot, including systematic errors that arise due to the uncertainty in the calibration of the photon spectral index versus QPO frequency relation. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15313 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Dewangan, GC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15313 USA. EM gulabd@cmu.edu NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/499235 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RW UT WOS:000235131100006 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, AD TI Pointed weak energy and quantum state evolution in Pancharatnam-Fubini-Study configuration space SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB The weak-energy for a quantum state evolving relative to its fixed initial state (pointed weak energy) in a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension is defined and aspects of the classical mechanical, transformational and geometric relationships between this quantity and the motion of the associated quantum state are studied in a two-dimensional configuration space with Pancharatnam (P) phase and Fubini-Study (FS) metric distance as generalized coordinates (PFS configuration space). It is shown that when expressed in these coordinates: (1) the evolution of the quantum state is described by an equation of motion for an associated correlation amplitude (pointed correlation amplitude) in which the dynamics area induced by the interaction of the pointed weak energy with this correlation amplitude; (2) the pointed weak energy defines a 1-form with the transformational properties of a U (1) gauge potential (pointed weak energy gauge potential) which produces infinitesimal changes in the pointed correlation amplitude via its interaction with the amplitude; (3) the pointed correlation amplitude is defined by an exponential function of a line integral of the pointed weak energy gauge potential; (4) pointed weak energy gauge transformations exist that are equivalent to local U (1) gauge transformations of quantum states and-when examined within the context of the pointed probability current and pointed weak energy stationary action principles-offer an interpretation of gauge invariance, analogous to that found in classical mechanics; and (5) integral invariants exist which relate line integrals of the weak energy gauge potential to geometric phase and the Aharonov-Anandan connection 1-form in the associated Hilbert space. States which irreversibly decay and Grover's quantum search algorithm serve as simple illustrations of the theory. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 601 EP 615 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/39/3/012 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017RW UT WOS:000235712000013 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Rissman, TA Elleman, R Ferrare, RA Turner, D Flynn, C Wang, J Ogren, J Hudson, J Jonsson, HH VanReken, T Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Ghan, SJ Rissman, TA Elleman, R Ferrare, RA Turner, D Flynn, C Wang, J Ogren, J Hudson, J Jonsson, HH VanReken, T Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Use of in situ cloud condensation nuclei, extinction, and aerosol size distribution measurements to test a method for retrieving cloud condensation nuclei profiles from surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PARTICLE CRITICAL SUPERSATURATION; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; HUMIDIFIED TDMA; WATER-VAPOR; CLOSURE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; THERMODYNAMICS AB If the aerosol composition and size distribution below cloud are uniform, the vertical profile of cloud condensation nuclei concentration can be retrieved entirely from surface measurements of CCN concentration and particle humidification function and surface-based retrievals of relative humidity and aerosol extinction or backscatter. This provides the potential for long-term measurements of CCN concentrations near cloud base. We have used a combination of aircraft, surface in situ, and surface remote sensing measurements to test various aspects of the retrieval scheme. Our analysis leads us to the following conclusions. The retrieval works better for supersaturations of 0.1% than for 1% because CCN concentrations at 0.1% are controlled by the same particles that control extinction and backscatter. If in situ measurements of extinction are used, the retrieval explains a majority of the CCN variance at high supersaturation for at least two and perhaps five of the eight flights examined. The retrieval of the vertical profile of the humidification factor is not the major limitation of the CCN retrieval scheme. Vertical structure in the aerosol size distribution and composition is the dominant source of error in the CCN retrieval, but this vertical structure is difficult to measure from remote sensing at visible wavelengths. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@arm.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S10 DI 10.1029/2004JD005752 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007VQ UT WOS:000234999400001 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Brooks, B Crahan, KK Hegg, DA Eck, TF O'Neill, N de Leeuw, G Reid, EA Anderson, KD AF Reid, JS Brooks, B Crahan, KK Hegg, DA Eck, TF O'Neill, N de Leeuw, G Reid, EA Anderson, KD TI Reconciliation of coarse mode sea-salt aerosol particle size measurements and parameterizations at a subtropical ocean receptor site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING SPECTROMETER PROBE; COLUMN RADIATIVE CLOSURE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MEASURING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BREAKING WAVES; WATER-CONTENT AB In August/September of 2001, the R/P FLIP and CIRPAS Twin Otter research aircraft were deployed to the eastern coast of Oahu, Hawaii, as part of the Rough Evaporation Duct (RED) experiment. Goals included the study of the air/sea exchange, turbulence, and sea-salt aerosol particle characteristics at the subtropical marine Pacific site. Here we examine coarse mode particle size distributions. Similar to what has been shown for airborne dust, optical particle counters such as the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), Classical Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (CSASP) and the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) within the Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) instrument systematically overestimate particle size, and consequently volume, for sea salt particles. Ground-based aerodynamic particle sizers (APS) and AERONET inversions yield much more reasonable results. A wing pod mounted APS gave mixed results and may not be appropriate for marine boundary layer studies. Relating our findings to previous studies does much to explain the bulk of the differences in the literature and leads us to conclude that the largest uncertainty facing flux and airborne cloud/aerosol interaction studies is likely due to the instrumentation itself. To our knowledge, there does not exist an in situ aircraft system that adequately measures the ambient volume distribution of coarse mode sea salt particles. Most empirically based sea salt flux parameterizations can trace their heritage to a clearly biased measurement technique. The current "state of the art'' in this field prevents any true form of clear sky radiative "closure'' for clean marine environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, The Hague, Netherlands. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper St,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D2 AR D02202 DI 10.1029/2005JD006200 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007VO UT WOS:000234999200006 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Je, J Jernigan, G Buckley, L Whitten, D AF Kim, OK Je, J Jernigan, G Buckley, L Whitten, D TI Super-helix formation induced by cyanine J-aggregates onto random-coil carboxymethyl amylose as template SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBOCYANINE DYE; DYNAMICS; SOLUBILIZATION; CHIRALITY; EXCITONS AB The J-aggregation of Cyanine-1 dye in the presence of carboxymethyl amylose (CMA) is described. The J-aggregation requires a large excess CMA concentration; the J-band maximum appears in the concentration range, [CMA]/[dye] = 10-50, depending on the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxylation, where [CMA] is the concentration of polymer repeat units. An extraordinarily large induced circular dichroism (CD) is observed from J-aggregates of the achiral cyanine dye in association with a random coil CMA, suggesting that the CMA is transformed into a helix. The magnitude of CD intensity increases with increasing DS of CMA and pH up to neutral (where a maximum J-aggregation occurs), while the CMA-bound dye monomer and H-aggregates (occurring at pH L 9) exhibit no induced CID. The trend in the CD intensity (of the J-aggregates) is in parallel with the fluorescence intensity of the J-aggregates. This suggests that binding of the J-aggregates onto the template CMA is sterically controlled by the asymmetric environment of glucose residues (of CMA) so that more twisting power is exerted with increasing DS (of CMA), rendering the cyanine dye/CMA complex a more rigid (a high fluorescence intensity) super-helix. This is also revealed by the AFM image of a long strand. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oh.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1021/ja0533141 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005ID UT WOS:000234814900035 PM 16402838 ER PT J AU Gelinas, LJ Siefring, CL Bernhardt, PA Larsen, MF Kelley, MC Hecht, J AF Gelinas, LJ Siefring, CL Bernhardt, PA Larsen, MF Kelley, MC Hecht, J TI New observations of artificial aurora associated with TMA releases SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE AB An artificial aurora was generated during a trimethyl aluminum (TMA) release from the October 2000 TOMEX rocket launch. Cameras in several locations filmed the optical emissions, believed to be associated with small amounts of kerosene added to the TMA liquid. The geometry of the launch trajectory with respect to the magnetic field and camera viewing angles has provided new insight on the source of the emissions. Surprisingly, the aurora appears to be associated with the vertical footprint of the rocket, rather than the magnetic footprint of the rocket, as previously assumed. The new observations favor a generation mechanism involving large particles > 1 m mu m falling to 90 km altitude. C1 Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Gelinas, LJ (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM lynette.j.gelinas@aero.org RI Larsen, Miguel/A-1079-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 AR L02102 DI 10.1029/2005GL024864 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 007VE UT WOS:000234998100005 ER PT J AU Holman, RA Symonds, G Thornton, EB Ranasinghe, R AF Holman, RA Symonds, G Thornton, EB Ranasinghe, R TI Rip spacing and persistence on an embayed beach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FIELD OBSERVATIONS; CURRENTS; QUANTIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; COAST AB [1] Four years of daily time exposure images from an embayed beach were examined to study the spacing, persistence, and location preferences of rips in a natural rip channel system. A total of 5271 rip channels was observed on 782 days. Occurrence statistics showed no evidence of the preferred location pattern associated with standing edge waves trapped in an embayed beach. The histogram of rip spacing, the primary diagnostic observable for most models, was well modeled by a lognormal distribution ( mean spacing of 178 m). However, spacings were highly longshore variable ( time mean of the standard deviation/longshore mean of rip spacing was 39%), so they are of questionable merit as a diagnostic variable. Storm-driven resets to the longshore uniform condition required by most models occurred only four times per year on average, making rip generation models relevant to only a small fraction of the system behavior. Rip spacings after the 15 observed reset events were uncorrelated with bar crest distance. The lifetime of the 324 individual rip channel trajectories averaged 45.6 days. Rips were equally mobile in both longshore directions, but the coefficient of variation of rip migration rates was large, even for high migration rates. The mean migration rate was well correlated to a proxy for the longshore current (R-2 of 0.78). Thus there is no significant evidence that the formation, spacing, and migration of rip channels on this beach can be explained by currently existing simple models. Moreover, the alongshore uniform initial conditions assumed by these models are rare on Palm Beach, making the models generally inapplicable. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Infrastruct Planning & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2124, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Holman, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM holman@oce.orst.edu RI Ranasinghe, Roshanka/C-6711-2009; Symonds, Graham/E-2263-2011; OI Symonds, Graham/0000-0002-7359-2057; Ranasinghe, Roshanka/0000-0001-6234-2063 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C1 AR C01006 DI 10.1029/2005JC002965 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007VU UT WOS:000234999800001 ER PT J AU Nelson, BA King, WP Laracuente, AR Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ AF Nelson, BA King, WP Laracuente, AR Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ TI Direct deposition of continuous metal nanostructures by thermal dip-pen nanolithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DATA-STORAGE; INK; CANTILEVERS; NANOWIRES; SURFACES; SENSORS; FILMS; GOLD AB We describe the deposition of continuous metal nanostructures onto glass and silicon using a heated atomic force microscope cantilever. Like a miniature soldering iron, the cantilever tip is coated with indium metal, which can be deposited onto a surface forming lines of a width less than 80 nm. Deposition is controlled using a heater integrated into the cantilever. When the cantilever is unheated, no metal is deposited from the tip, allowing the writing to be registered to existing features on the surface. We demonstrate direct-write circuit repair by writing an electrical connection between two metal electrodes separated by a submicron gap. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, BA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM william.king@me.gatech.edu RI Nelson, Brent/B-4973-2008; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 AR 033104 DI 10.1063/1.2164394 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 004MO UT WOS:000234757100055 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H TI Forster resonance energy transfer investigations using quantum-dot fluorophores SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE bioconjugates; fluorescence; FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer); nanocrystals; quantum dots ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSFER FRET; LIVE CELLS; PROTEIN; DONORS; DNA; VISUALIZATION; NANOSENSORS; EXCITATION; ACCEPTORS AB Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which involves the nonradiative transfer of excitation energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a proximal ground-state acceptor fluorophore, is a well-characterized photophysical tool. It is very sensitive to nanometer-scale changes in donor-acceptor separation distance and their relative dipole orientations. It has found a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry, protein conformation studies, and biological assays. Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are inorganic fluorophores with unique optical and spectroscopic properties that could enhance FRET as an analytical tool, due to broad excitation spectra and tunable narrow and symmetric photoemission. Recently there have been several FRET investigations using luminescent QDs that focused on addressing basic fundamental questions, as well as developing targeted applications with potential use in biology, including sensor design and protein conformation studies. Herein, we provide a critical review of those developments. We discuss some of the basic aspects of FRET applied to QDs as both donors and acceptors, and highlight some of the advantages offered (and limitations encountered) by QDs as energy donors and acceptors compared to conventional dyes. We also review the recent developments mode in using QD bioreceptor conjugates to design FRET-bosed assays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.matoussi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 356 Z9 361 U1 18 U2 211 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1002/cphc.200500217 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004ZF UT WOS:000234790600004 PM 16370019 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Khombhongse, S Liu, WX Dayal, P Reneker, DH Kyu, T AF Guenthner, AJ Khombhongse, S Liu, WX Dayal, P Reneker, DH Kyu, T TI Dynamics of hollow nanofiber formation during solidification subjected to solvent evaporation SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cahn-Hilliard equation; fiber morphology; phase separation; simulations; solvent evaporation ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; DIFFUSION AB To mimic the emergence of gradient morphology in polymer nanofibers, a new theoretical approach has been developed in the context of Cahn-Hilliard time evolution equation, alternatively known as time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (Model B) involving concentration order parameter. The effects of solvent evaporation on the morphology evolution of the nanofibers have been demonstrated. The numerical simulation showed that the formation of skin layers is governed by the competition between solvent evaporation rate and mutual diffusion rate. That is to say the skin layers are formed in the nanotube whenever the rate of evaporation exceeds a critical value; otherwise, a solid fiber is formed. In hollow nanofibers, the layer can grow to a substantial fraction of the fiber diameter, allowing it to remain intact, albeit often in a collapsed form. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 25 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 EI 1521-3919 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1002/mats.200500034 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 008ES UT WOS:000235023600008 ER PT J AU Apt, D Raviprakash, K Brinkman, A Semyonov, A Yang, SM Skinner, C Diehl, L Lyons, R Porter, K Punnonen, J AF Apt, D Raviprakash, K Brinkman, A Semyonov, A Yang, SM Skinner, C Diehl, L Lyons, R Porter, K Punnonen, J TI Tetravalent neutralizing antibody response against four dengue serotypes by a single chimeric dengue envelope antigen SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; antigen; tetravalent; multivalent antigen; DNA shuffling; cross-neutralizing antibodies ID TYPE-1 DNA VACCINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; AOTUS MONKEYS; 2 VIRUS; CELLS; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN AB We employed DNA shuffling and screening technologies to develop a single recombinant dengue envelope (E) antigen capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against all four antigenically distinct dengue serotypes. By DNA shuffling of codon-optimized dengue 1-4 E genes, we created a panel of novel chimeric clones expressing C-terminal truncated E antigens that combined epitopes from all four dengue serotypes. DNA vaccines encoding these novel chimeras induced multivalent T cell and neutralizing antibody responses against all four dengue serotypes in mice. By contrast, a mixture of four unshuffled, parental DNA vaccines failed to produce tetravalent neutralizing antibodies in mice. length neutralizing antibody titers for some of these antigens could be further improved by extending the sequences to express full membrane and envelope proteins. The chimeric antigens also protected mice against a lethal dengue-2 virus challenge. These data demonstrate that DNA shuffling and associated screening can lead to the selection of multi-epitope antigens against closely related dengue virus serotypes and suggest a broad utility for these technologies in optimizing vaccine antigens. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Maxygen Inc, Human Therapeut, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Apt, D (reprint author), Maxygen Inc, Human Therapeut, 515 Galveston Dr, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. EM doris.apt@maxygen.com RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.100 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 006ZJ UT WOS:000234936300014 PM 16125280 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Spano, A Price, R Lebedev, N AF Trammell, SA Spano, A Price, R Lebedev, N TI Effect of protein orientation on electron transfer between photosynthetic reaction centers and carbon electrodes SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE bio-inorganic interfaces; self-assembly; photoactivation; electron tunneling; carbon electrode; rectification ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; BIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS; FILMS; MECHANISM; ACCEPTORS; COFACTORS; ARRAYS; CELLS; LIGHT AB A new type of monolayer of photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) with the primary donor facing the carbon electrode has been constructed using a new bifunctional linker and genetically engineered protein. Comparison of protein in two different orientations with linkers binding to the opposite sides of the protein demonstrates the possibility of utilizing the constructed surfaces as photoelectronic devices. The results show improvement of the electron transfer efficiency when RC is bound with the primary donor (P) facing the electrode (P-side). In either protein orientation, electron transfer within the protein is unidirectional and when applying a voltage RC operates as a photorectifier. Electron transfer between the protein and carbon electrodes in the constructed devices is most likely occurring by tunneling. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nnl@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.03.015 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 002XC UT WOS:000234644400005 PM 15955689 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Taitt, CR McMurry, SA Kahne, D Ligler, FS AF Ngundi, MM Taitt, CR McMurry, SA Kahne, D Ligler, FS TI Detection of bacterial toxins with monosaccharide arrays SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE monosaccharides; bacterial cells; cholera toxin; tetanus toxin; array biosensor; fluorescence ID PROTEIN-CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTIONS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; GANGLIOSIDE-BINDING; TETANUS TOXIN; BIOSENSOR; MICROARRAYS; SPECIFICITY; RECEPTORS; FRAGMENT; LIGANDS AB A large number of bacterial toxins, viruses and bacteria target carbohydrate derivatives on the cell surface to attach and gain entry into the cell. We report here the use of a monosaccharide-based array to detect protein toxins. The array-based technique provides the capability to perform simultaneous multianalyte analyses. Arrays of N-acetyl galactosamine (GaINAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) derivatives were immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide and were used as receptors for protein toxins. These arrays were probed with fluorescently labeled bacterial cells and protein toxins. While Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) did not bind to either of the monosaccharides, both cholera toxin and tetanus toxin bound to GaINAc and Neu5Ac. The results show that the binding of the toxins to the carbohydrates is density dependent and semi-selective. Both toxins were detectable at 100 ng/ml. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000680, R01 EB000680] NR 34 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.05.001 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 002XC UT WOS:000234644400026 PM 15946840 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV Mikulski, CM Gray, S Ma, W Doucette, GJ Ramsdell, JS Pancrazio, JJ AF Kulagina, NV Mikulski, CM Gray, S Ma, W Doucette, GJ Ramsdell, JS Pancrazio, JJ TI Detection of marine toxins, brevetoxin-3 and saxitoxin, in seawater using neuronal networks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-BASED ASSAY; SODIUM-CHANNELS; FATTY-ACIDS; CIGUATOXINS; ACTIVATORS AB There is a need for assay systems that can detect known and unanticipated neurotoxins associated with harmful algal blooms. The present work describes our attempt to monitor the presence of brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) and saxitoxin (STX) in a seawater matrix using the neuronal network biosensor (NNB). The NN13 relies on cultured mammalian neurons grown over microelectrode arrays, where the inherent bioelectrical activity of the network manifested as extracellular action potentials can be monitored noninvasively. Spinal cord neuronal networks were prepared from embryonic mice and the mean spike rate across the network was analyzed before and during exposure to the toxins. Extracellular action potentials from the network are highly sensitive not only to purified STX and PbTx-3, but also when in combination with matrixes such as natural seawater and algal growth medium. Detection limits for STX and PbTx-3, respectively, are 0.031 and 0.33 nM in recording buffer and 0.076 and 0.48 nM in the presence of 25-fold-diluted seawater. Our results demonstrated that neuronal networks could be used for analysis of Alexandrium fundyense(STX-producer) and Karenia brevis (PbTx-producer) algal samples lysed directly in the seawater-based growth medium and appropriately diluted with HEPES-buffered recording medium. The cultured network responded by changes in mean spike rate to the presence of STX- or PbTx-producing algae but not to the samples of two non-STX and non-PbTx isolates of the same algal genera. This work provides evidence that the NNB has the capacity to rapidly detect toxins associated with cells of toxic algal species or as dissolved forms present in seawater and has the potential for monitoring toxin levels during harmful algal blooms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kulagina, NV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Case 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kulagina@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1021/es051272a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700027 PM 16468405 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ Carlson, WD Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Bogard, DD Garrison, DH AF McCoy, TJ Carlson, WD Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Bogard, DD Garrison, DH TI Graves Nunataks 95209: A snapshot of metal segregation and core formation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; GRANULITE-FACIES GRAPHITE; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; ACAPULCO METEORITE; PARENT BODY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; THERMAL HISTORY; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE AB GRA 95209 may provide our best opportunity to date to understand the earliest stages of core formation in asteroidal bodies. This lodranite preserves a physically, chemically, and mineralogically complex set of metal-sulfide veins. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography revealed three distinct lithologies. The dominant mixed metal-silicate-sulfide matrix is cut by metal-rich, graphite-bearing veins exceeding I cm in width and grades into a volumetrically minor metal-poor region. Silicate compositions and modal abundances are typical for lodranites, while the mineralogy of the metal-sulfide component is complex and differs among the three lithologies. Kamacite and troilite occur with chromite, tetrataenite, schreibersite, graphite, and a range of phosphates. An Ar-39-Ar-40 age of 4.521 +/- 0.006 Ga measures the time of closure of the K-Ar system. Carbon rosettes within the metal-rich vein are nitrogen-poor, well crystallized, include kamacite sub-grains of composition comparable to the host metal, and are essentially isotopically homogeneous (delta(13)C similar to -33 parts per thousand). In contrast, carbon rosettes within metal of the metal-poor lithology are N-poor, poorly crystallized, include kamacite grains that are Ni-poor compared to their host metal, and are isotopically heterogeneous (delta(13)C ranging from -50 to +80 parts per thousand) even within a single metal grain. The silicate portion of GRA 95209 is similar to the lodranite EET 84302, sharing a common texture, silicate mineral compositions, and Ar-Ar age. GRA 95209 and EET 84302 are intermediate between acapulcoites and lodranites. Both experienced Fe,Ni-FeS melting with extensive melt migration, but record only the onset of silicate partial melting with limited migration of silicate melt. The complex metal-sulfide veins in GRA 95209 resulted from low-degree partial melting and melt migration and intruded the matrix lithology. Reactions between solid minerals and melt, including oxidation-reduction reactions, produced the array of phosphates, schreibersite, and tetrataenite. Extensive reduction in the metal-rich vein resulted from its origin in a hotter portion of the asteroid. This difference in thermal history is supported by the graphite structures and isotopic compositions. The graphite rosettes in the metal-rich vein are consistent with high-temperature igneous processing. In contrast, the carbon in the metal-poor lithology appears to preserve a record of formation in the nebula prior to parent-body formation. Carbon incorporated from the solar nebula into a differentiating asteroid is preferentially incorporated in metal-sulfide melts that form a core, but does not achieve isotopic homogeneity until extensive thermal processing occurs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, AREA, Code KA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP McCoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mccoy.tim@nmnh.si.edu RI Carlson, William/A-5807-2008; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Carlson, William/0000-0002-2954-5886; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 516 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.019 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 009PI UT WOS:000235124000016 ER PT J AU Michael, TS Quint, T AF Michael, TS Quint, T TI Optimal strategies for node selection games on oriented graphs: Skew matrices and symmetric games SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE matrix game; symmetric game; tournament game ID TOURNAMENT; SET AB In the node selection game Gamma(D) each of the two players simultaneously selects a node from the oriented graph D. If there is an arc between the selected nodes, then there is a payoff from the "dominated" player to the "dominating" player. We investigate the set of optimal strategies for the players in the node selection game Gamma(D). We point out that a classical theorem from game theory relates the dimension of the polytope of optimal strategies for Gamma(D) to the nullity of certain skew submatrix of the payoff matrix for Gamma(D). We show that if D is bipartite (with at least two nodes in each partite set), then an optimal strategy for the node selection game Gamma(D) is never unique. Our work also implies that if D is a tournament, then there is a unique optimal strategy for each player, a result obtained by Fisher and Ryan [Optimal strategies for a generalized "scissors, paper, and stone" game, Amer. Math. Monthly 99 (1992) 935-942] and independently by Laffond, Laslier, and Le Breton [The bipartisan set of a tournament game, Games Econom. Behav. 5 (1993) 182-201]. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tsm@usna.edu; quint@unr.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 412 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.laa.2005.04.009 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 993HM UT WOS:000233945200001 ER PT J AU Mehendale, M Giordmaine, JA Gatzogiannis, E Dogariu, A Warren, WS Beadie, G Scully, MO AF Mehendale, M Giordmaine, JA Gatzogiannis, E Dogariu, A Warren, WS Beadie, G Scully, MO TI All-ultraviolet time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FAST-CARS; CALCITE AB We report all-UV coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in calcite with 250-280 nm pump, Stokes, probe, and anti-Stokes light. UV CARS efficiency is similar to 7x higher than for comparable scattering in the visible, 480-540 nm. Time-resolved LTV CARS reveals lengthening of the dephasing time of 1086 cm(-1) CO(3)(2-)internal vibrations from 4 to 7 ps with increasing vibrational excitation, consistent with a phonon depletion model. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mehendale, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000256 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 003ES UT WOS:000234665000039 PM 16441048 ER PT J AU Carr, TW Taylor, ML Schwartz, IB AF Carr, TW Taylor, ML Schwartz, IB TI Negative-coupling resonances in pump-coupled lasers SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE coupled lasers; Hopf bifurcation; resonance; modulation ID SINGULAR HOPF-BIFURCATION; SOLID-STATE LASERS; LOCALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; RELAXATION OSCILLATIONS; SUBHARMONIC BIFURCATION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ANTIPHASE DYNAMICS; DRIVEN LASER; INSTABILITY; COHERENCE AB We consider coupled lasers, where the intensity deviations from the steady state modulate the pump of the other lasers. Most of our results are for two lasers where the coupling constants are of opposite sign. This leads to a Hopf bifurcation to periodic output for weak coupling. As the magnitude of the coupling constants is increased (negatively) we observe novel amplitude effects such as a weak coupling resonance peak and strong coupling subharmonic resonances and chaos. In the weak coupling regime the output is predicted by a set of slow evolution amplitude equations. Pulsating solutions in the strong coupling limit are described by a discrete map derived from the original model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect,Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carr, TW (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM tcarr@smu.edu; schwartz@nlschaos.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 213 IS 2 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2005.10.015 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 013NN UT WOS:000235416100003 ER PT J AU Landsman, AS Cohen, SA Glasser, AH AF Landsman, AS Cohen, SA Glasser, AH TI Onset and saturation of ion heating by odd-parity rotating magnetic fields in a field-reversed configuration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORBITS; PARTICLES; ROTAMAK; WAVE AB Heating of figure-8 orbit ions by odd-parity rotating magnetic fields (RMFo) applied to an elongated field-reversed configuration (FRC) is investigated. The largest energy gain occurs at resonances (s equivalent to omega(R)/omega) of the RMFo frequency, omega(R), with the figure-8 orbital frequency, omega, and is proportional to s(2) for s-even resonances and to s for s-odd resonances. The threshold for the transition from regular to stochastic orbits explains both the onset and saturation of heating. The FRC magnetic geometry lowers the threshold for heating below that in the tokamak by an order of magnitude. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Landsman, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alandsma@cantor.nrl.navy.mil RI Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300044 PM 16486467 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Coffey, L Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C AF Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Coffey, L Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C TI Persistence of strong electron coupling to a narrow boson spectrum in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta tunneling data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSENCE; MODE AB A d-wave, Eliashberg analysis of break-junction and STM tunneling spectra on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) reveals that the spectral dip feature is directly linked to strong electronic coupling to a narrow boson spectrum, evidenced by a large peak in alpha F-2(omega). The tunneling dip feature remains robust in the overdoped regime of Bi2212 with bulk T-c values of 56 K-62 K. This is contrary to recent optical conductivity measurements of the self-energy that suggest the narrow boson spectrum disappears in overdoped Bi2212 and therefore cannot be essential for the pairing mechanism. The discrepancy is resolved by considering the way each technique probes the electron self-energy, in particular, the unique sensitivity of tunneling to the off-diagonal or pairing part of the self-energy. C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300078 PM 16486501 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Perez-Dieste, V Opdahl, A Kimura-Suda, H Sullivan, JM Tarlov, MJ Himpsel, FJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Perez-Dieste, V Opdahl, A Kimura-Suda, H Sullivan, JM Tarlov, MJ Himpsel, FJ Whitman, LJ TI Nucleobase orientation and ordering in films of single-stranded DNA on gold SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE; NITROGEN; SURFACES C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 13 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1021/ja052443e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 001PB UT WOS:000234547700001 PM 16390092 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Hunter, WR Barbee, TW AF Kowalski, MP Hunter, WR Barbee, TW TI Replication of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating for use at extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths: topography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-X-RAY; INCIDENCE EFFICIENCIES; MULTILAYER; REGION; OPERATION; RANGE AB We have measured the topography of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating and three of its replicas using an atomic force microscope. The master grating had a roughness of less than 5 angstrom rms, a blaze angle of 2.5 degrees, and an antiblaze angle of 3.3 degrees. Thus the groove profile was more triangular than sawtooth. We find that the replication process did not significantly change the master grating. Moreover, we find no significant difference in roughness, blaze angle, or antiblaze angle between the master and its replicas before or after multilayer coating. However, bumps were observed on the gratings after coating, the cause of which is not understood. Although widespread, they occupy a relatively small fraction of the total area. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000305 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 002BR UT WOS:000234586900008 PM 16422161 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Barbee, TW Hunter, WR AF Kowalski, MP Barbee, TW Hunter, WR TI Replication of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating for use at extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths: efficiency SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-NORMAL INCIDENCE; LONG-TERM STABILITY; MULTILAYER; REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; RANGE; OPERATION; G191-B2B AB Using synchrotron radiation, we have measured the efficiency at an angle of incidence of 10 degrees of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating and three of its fourth-generation replicas. The measured efficiency profile of replicas 1 and 3 prior to multilayer coating oscillated from thin-film interference produced by the replicas' Al/Al2O3/SiO2 structure. A Mo2C/Si multilayer coating was applied to the master grating and replicas 1 and 2. After coating, the maximum grating efficiency occurred in the -2nd order and the maximum values were 12.4% at 143.8 angstrom for the master and 11.6% at 145.2 angstrom for replicas 1 and 2. On the basis of measurements obtained after coating, the derived groove efficiency was 22.2% for the master, 19.4% for replica 1, and 19.3% for replica 2. The groove efficiency of the uncoated replica 3 was 24.3% at 142.5 angstrom. We find that the replicas are reasonably faithful copies of the ion-etched master, and models based on measured atomic force microscope groove profiles are in general agreement with measured results. However, subtle issues remain regarding the widths of the peak order profile and the location of its maximum wavelength. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655-3,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 322 EP 334 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000322 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 002BR UT WOS:000234586900009 PM 16422162 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Schmitt, H AF Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Schmitt, H TI Resolving the effects of rotation in Altair with long-baseline interferometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : imaging; stars : individual (alpha Aql); stars : rotation; techniques : interferometric ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; A-TYPE STARS; DELTA-SCUTI STAR; M-CIRCLE-DOT; STELLAR MODELS; LIGHT CURVES; INCLINATION; VELOCITIES; RADIATION; CONTINUUM AB We report the successful fitting of a Roche model, with a surface temperature gradient following the von Zeipel gravity darkening law, to observations of Altair made with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. We confirm the claim by Ohishi et al. that Altair displays an asymmetric intensity distribution due to rotation, the first such detection in an isolated star. Instrumental effects due to the high visible flux of this first magnitude star appear to be the limiting factor in the accuracy of this fit, which nevertheless indicates that Altair is rotating at 0.90 +/- 0.02 of its breakup (angular) velocity. Our results are consistent with the apparent oblateness found by van Belle et al. and show that the true oblateness is significantly larger owing to an inclination of the rotational axis of similar to 64 degrees to the line of sight. Of particular interest, we conclude that instead of being substantially evolved as indicated by its classification, A7 IV-V, Altair is only barely off the zero-age main sequence and represents a good example of the difficulties rotation can introduce in the interpretation of this part of the HR diagram. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Seabrook Engn, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu; chummel@eso.org; pauls@nrl.navy.mil; tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; jbenson@nofs.navy.mil; hindsley@nrl.navy.mil; djh@nofs.navy.mil; kjj@astro.usno.navy.mil; dave@mozurkewich.com; henrique.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP 1087 EP 1097 DI 10.1086/497981 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NR UT WOS:000234469400046 ER PT J AU Laberty-Robert, C Long, JW Lucas, EM Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Doescher, MS Rolison, DR AF Laberty-Robert, C Long, JW Lucas, EM Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Doescher, MS Rolison, DR TI Sol-gel-derived ceria nanoarchitectures: Synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CERIUM(IV) OXIDE; NANOCRYSTALLINE CERIA; AEROGEL MONOLITHS; IONIC-CONDUCTION; METAL-OXIDES; CATALYSTS; CHEMISTRY; POWDERS; OXYGEN; EPOXIDES AB Nanocrystalline ceria is under study to improve performance in high-temperature catalysis and fuel cells. We synthesize porous ceria monolithic nanoarchitectures by reacting Ce(III) salts and epoxide-based proton scavengers. Varying the means of pore-fluid removal yields nanoarchitectures with different pore-solid structures: aerogels, ambigels, and xerogels. The dried ceria gels are initially X-ray amorphous, high-surface-area materials, with the aerogel exhibiting 225 m(2) g(-1). Calcination produces nanocrystalline materials that, although moderately densified, still retain the desirable characteristics of high surface area, through-connected porosity in the mesopore size range and nanoscale particle sizes (similar to 10 nm). The electrical properties of calcined ceria ambigels are evaluated from 300 to 600 degrees C and compared to those of commercially available nanoscale CeO2. The pressed pellets of both ceria samples exhibit comparable surface areas and void volumes. The conductivity of the ceria ambigel is 5 times greater than the commercial sample and both materials exhibit an increase in conductivity in argon relative to oxygen at 600 degrees C, suggesting an electronic contribution to conductivity at low oxygen partial pressures. The ceria ambigel nanoarchitecture responds to changes in atmosphere at 600 degrees C faster than does the nanocrystalline, non-networked ceria. We attribute the higher relative conductivity of CeO2 ambigels to the bonded pathways inherent to the bicontinuous pore-solid networks of these nanoarchitectures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5085, Ctr Interuniv Rech & Ingn Mat, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Laberty-Robert, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laberty@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Laberty-Robert, christel/0000-0003-3230-3164 NR 45 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 11 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1021/cm051385t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 002CA UT WOS:000234587800008 ER PT J AU Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS AF Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS TI H-induced platelet and crack formation in hydrogenated epitaxial Si/Si0.98B0.02/Si structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; EXFOLIATION; NUCLEATION AB An approach to transfer a high-quality Si layer for the fabrication of silicon-on-insulator wafers has been proposed based on the investigation of platelet and crack formation in hydrogenated epitaxial Si/Si0.98B0.02/Si structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. H-related defect formation during hydrogenation was found to be very sensitive to the thickness of the buried Si0.98B0.02 layer. For hydrogenated Si containing a 130 nm thick Si0.98B0.02 layer, no platelets or cracking were observed in the B-doped region. Upon reducing the thickness of the buried Si0.98B0.02 layer to 3 nm, localized continuous cracking was observed along the interface between the Si and the B-doped layers. In the latter case, the strains at the interface are believed to facilitate the (100)-oriented platelet formation and (100)-oriented crack propagation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org RI Chen, Peng/H-3384-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021901 DI 10.1063/1.2163992 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900012 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Elson, JM AF Feng, SM Elson, JM TI Diffraction-suppressed high-resolution imaging through metallodielectric nanofilms SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; LENS; SUPERLENS AB We show that diffraction-suppressed propagation of light can be achieved in one-dimensional multilayer metal-dielectric structure, leading to high-resolution imaging through metallodielectric nanofilms. C1 USN, Dept Res, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Dept Res, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM simin.feng@navy.mil NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1364/OPEX.14.000216 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 001MW UT WOS:000234538800023 PM 19503332 ER PT J AU Meredith, P Powell, BJ Riesz, J Nighswander-Rempel, SP Pederson, MR Moore, EG AF Meredith, P Powell, BJ Riesz, J Nighswander-Rempel, SP Pederson, MR Moore, EG TI Towards structure-property-function relationships for eumelanin SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Review ID 5,6-DIHYDROXYINDOLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID; RADIATIVE RELAXATION; SYNTHETIC EUMELANIN; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; MELANIN MONOMERS; BAND-STRUCTURE; DOPA-MELANIN; FLUORESCENCE; EXCITATION; 5,6-INDOLEQUINONE AB We discuss recent progress towards the establishment of important structure-property-function relationships in eumelanins-key functional bio-macromolecular systems responsible for photoprotection and immune response in humans, and implicated in the development of melanoma skin cancer. We focus on the link between eumelanin's secondary structure and optical properties such as broad band UV-visible absorption and strong non-radiative relaxation; both key features of the photo-protective function. We emphasise the insights gained through a holistic approach combining optical spectroscopy with first principles quantum chemical calculations, and advance the hypothesis that the robust functionality characteristic of eumelanin is related to extreme chemical and structural disorder at the secondary level. This inherent disorder is a low cost natural resource, and it is interesting to speculate as to whether it may play a role in other functional bio-macromolecular systems. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Soft Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Theory Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meredith, P (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Soft Condensed Matter Phys Grp, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM meredith@physics.uq.edu.au RI Powell, Benjamin/B-1281-2009; Meredith, Paul/E-6092-2013 OI Powell, Benjamin/0000-0002-5161-1317; NR 42 TC 155 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1039/b511922g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 002BM UT WOS:000234586400006 ER PT J AU Currie, M Lou, JW AF Currie, M Lou, JW TI Weighted, summing photonic digital-to-analogue converter SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A technique for photonic digital-to-analogue converter is presented based on weighting and summing high-speed, modelocked laser pulses. The fundamental concept builds on the basic electronic digital-to-analogue converter implementation. A one gigasample-per-second converter with two bits of resolution demonstrates the principle of operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 54 EP 55 DI 10.1049/el:20063429 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 012FC UT WOS:000235322600035 ER PT J AU Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG Imam, AA AF Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG Imam, AA TI Analyses of hydrogen sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of magnesium-misch metal alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE pressure-composition-isotherms; exponential peeling; magnesium-misch metal hydride; hydrogen storage characteristics; ball-milling ID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; DESORPTION-KINETICS; HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; MG2NI ALLOY; STORAGE; SYSTEM; LANI5; TEMPERATURE; HEAT; FETI AB The multi-component Mg-x wt.% Mm alloys are synthesized using the mechanical ball-milling technique and their hydrogen storage capacities, absorption/desorption kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters are quantified. The analysis of kinetic properties presented here is based on the method of exponential peeling. It is seen that the presence of misch metal (Mm) in the alloy samples dramatically decreases their rate of decrepitation and increases their cyclic stability. However, the increased concentration of misch metal in the samples has an adverse effect on their hydrogen storage capacity and their reaction rate. The hydrogen storage properties also vary with reaction temperature. The best hydrogen absorption kinetics are observed at temperatures around 300 degrees C and the desorption kinetics are quite fast at temperatures of 400 degrees C and above. The hydrogen desorption activation energy of Mg-x wt.% Mm hydride is much lower than that of MgH2. The pressure-composition-isotherm (P-C-T) plots of the samples at 300-420 degrees C indicate that the alloys possess good cyclic stability but very poor reversibility, making the study of their thermodynamic properties difficult. The P-C-T plots also indicate that the increase of the concentration of the misch metal's rare earths leads to an increase of the hydrogen equilibrium pressure and decrease of hydrogen storage capacity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Tran@anvil.nri.navy.mil NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 407 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 002LS UT WOS:000234613600039 ER PT J AU Bellotti, JA Chang, WT Qadri, SB Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Bellotti, JA Chang, WT Qadri, SB Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM TI Directionally dependent ferroelectric phase transition order of anisotropic epitaxial BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BST; TEMPERATURE AB Epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition on (100) LaAlO3 substrates in two distinct strain states, c/a > 1 and c/a < 1. X-ray diffraction measurements over the temperature range of 20 degrees C to -120 degrees C showed that the change in the c/a ratio with decreasing temperature was discontinuous and positive for the film with c/a > 1, and continuous and negative for the film with c/a < 1. These symmetry changes in the c/a ratio with temperature were correlated with measurements of the in-plane dielectric properties, and showed that the polarization in these two types of structures has characteristically different behavior that is highly directionally-dependent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bellotti, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bellotti@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 012902 DI 10.1063/1.2161937 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100062 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Smith, DJ Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV AF Zhou, L Smith, DJ Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV TI Effect of Al/N flux ratio during nucleation layer growth on the microstructure of GaN films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALN BUFFER LAYER; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DEPOSITION; DISLOCATIONS; INTERFACES; MORPHOLOGY; SCATTERING AB The microstructure of AlN nucleation layers grown on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has a major effect on subsequent GaN and AlGaN/GaN film quality and electronic properties. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy shows that the morphology of the GaN films is critically dependent on the Al to active nitrogen flux ratio used during nucleation layer growth. Structures grown with Al/N flux ratios slightly above approximately 0.98 have many basal-plane stacking faults in the AlN nucleation layer, the GaN/AlN interfaces are wavy and ill defined, and regions of cubic GaN exist close to the GaN/AlN interfaces. In comparison, for structures grown with lower Al/N flux ratios, the AlN nucleation layers have no stacking faults and the GaN/AlN interfaces are sharp. The impact of these changes in microstructure on the electron Hall mobility and buffer leakage are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM linzhou@asu.edu RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 011916 DI 10.1063/1.2162670 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100030 ER PT B AU Ahmed, F Moskowitz, IS AF Ahmed, Farid Moskowitz, Ira S. BE Wolf, LJ Strock, JL TI A semi-reversible watermark for medical image authentication SO 1ST TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED DIAGNOSIS AND HOME HEALTHCARE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Transdisciplinary Conference on Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare (D2H2) CY APR 02-04, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Univ Washington, Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore Univ Washington Alliance Bioengn, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Med Informat Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Biomed Engn Soc, Hlthcare Informat & Management Syst Soc, IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc, Soc Biol Engn, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB This paper addresses the secure storage and transmission of medical informatics in rapidly growing applications such as teleradiology and telesurgery. In particular, we propose a frequency domain digital watermarking technique that can be used to authenticate medical images in a distributed diagnosis and home healthcare environment The most significant result of our method is the semi-reversibility property that undoes most of the degradation attributable to the watermarking process. C1 [Ahmed, Farid] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Moskowitz, Ira S.] Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM ahmed@cua.edu; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU US Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0058-9 PY 2006 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1109/DDHH.2006.1624797 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK14 UT WOS:000237518700016 ER PT S AU Vaidyanathan, R Fargues, M Gupta, L Kota, S Lin, D West, J AF Vaidyanathan, Ravi Fargues, Monique Gupta, Lalit Kota, Srinivas Lin, Dong West, James GP IEEE TI A dual-mode human-machine interface for robotic control based on acoustic sensitivity of the aural cavity SO 2006 1ST IEEE RAS-EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIOMECHATRONICS, VOLS 1-3 SE Proceedings of the IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2006) CY FEB 20-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE, RAS, EMBS, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Int Soc Gerontechnol, SIRI, AURION, ONDI, ERA Endoscopy, KTeam, ROBOTECH srl, Carismi DE ear pressure signals; human-machine interfaces; signal classification; signal detection; signal estimation AB We introduce an unobtrusive sensor-based control system for human-machine interface to control robotic and rehabilitative devices. The interface is capable of directing assistive robotic devices in response to tongue movement and/or speech without insertion of any device in the vicinity of the oral cavity. The interface is centered on the unique properties of the human ear as an acoustic output device. Our work has shown that various movements within the oral cavity create unique, traceable pressure changes in the human car, which can be measured with a simple sensor (such as a microphone) and analysed to produce commands signals, which can in turn be used to control robotic devices. In this work, we present: 1) an analysis of the sensitivity of human ear canals as acoustic output device, 2) the design of a new sensor for monitoring airflow in the aural canal, 3) pattern recognition procedures for recognition of both speech and tongue movement by monitoring aural flow across several human test subjects, and 4) a conceptual design and simulation of the machine interface system. C1 [Vaidyanathan, Ravi; Fargues, Monique] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Sci, 777 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Gupta, Lalit; Kota, Srinivas] So Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lin, Dong; West, James] Think A Move Ltd, Div Rehabil Prod, Beachwood, OH 44122 USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Sci, 777 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rvaidyan@nps.edu; mfagrues@nps.edu; lgupta@sui.edu; kota@siu.edu; info@think-a-move.com FU NIH [#1R43HD042367] FX This work is partially supported by NIH Grant #1R43HD042367 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-1782 BN 978-1-4244-0039-3 J9 P IEEE RAS-EMBS INT PY 2006 BP 194 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BFS90 UT WOS:000244445100033 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Krogager, E Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM AF Lee, Jong-Sen Krogager, Ernst Ainsworth, Thomas L. Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin BE Su, DL Chen, A Lu, ZY TI Polarimetric analysis of radar signature of a manmade structure SO 2006 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS, PROPAGATION AND EM THEORY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory CY OCT 26-29, 2006 CL Guilin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP CIE, IEEE, IET, URSI, EiC ID DECOMPOSITION AB Identification of manmade structures from radar images has always,. been a difficult task I especially, for single-polarization radar. Fully polarimetric radar, however, can provide detailed information on scattering mechanisms that could enable the target or the structure to be identified. Complexity remains stemming from overlaps of single bounce scattering, double bounce scattering and triple and higher order bounce scattering from various components of manmade structure that makes physical interpretation a challenge. In this paper, we will present an interesting example using polarimetric SAR data of the Great Belt. Bridge, Denmark, to illustrate the capability of "polarimetric SAR in analyzing radar signatures. Polarimetric target decomposition is used to differentiate the multiple bounce scattering contributions contained in the polarimetric SAR images. Two C-band Danish EMISAR data takes, the first obtained during the construction and the second after its completion, are used to extract the scattering characteristics of the bridge deck, bridge cables and supporting structures. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krogager, Ernst] Danish Def Res Estab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; ernst@krogager.dk; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; boerner@ece.uic.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0162-8 PY 2006 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFU32 UT WOS:000244649200126 ER PT S AU Yakimenko, OA Berlind, RM Albrigh, C AF Yakimenko, O. A. Berlind, R. M. Albrigh, C. GP IEEE TI Automated air drop video data reduction and air delivery payload position estimation SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION, VOLS 1- 5 SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE man-machine interface; identification and estimation; tracking and surveillance AB The paper focuses on the development and evaluation of an autonomous payload tracking capability for determining time, state and attitude information (TSPI) for all types of airdrop loads. This automated capability of accurately acquiring TSPI data should reduce the labor time and eliminate man-in-the-loop errors. The paper analyses the problem and then proceeds with the description of off-the-shelf video-data processing software adopted for obtaining TSPI. It further describes algorithms used to determine system's position as the first step towards a complete TSPI retrieval. These algorithms are based on tracking a test article's center (or any other predetermined point) by several stationary cameras with known positions. The paper concludes with examples of video data processing and system's parameters estimation. C1 [Yakimenko, O. A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Asronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Berlind, R. M.; Albrigh, C.] Air Delivery & Soldier Syst Branch, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Asronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4244-0341-7 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2006 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGH19 UT WOS:000246927400050 ER PT B AU Chen, GS Shen, D Kwan, CM Cruz, JB Kruger, M AF Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Kwan, Chiman Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Kruger, Martin GP IEEE TI Game theoretic approach to threat prediction and situation awareness SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE data fusion; game theory; situation assessment; threat assessment; situation awareness; asymmetric threats AB The strategy of data fusion has been applied in threat prediction and situation awareness and the terminology has been standardized by the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) in the form of a so-called JDL Data Fusion Model, which currently called DFIG model. Higher levels of the DFIG model call for prediction of future development and awareness of the development of a situation. It is known that Bayesian Network is an insightful approach to determine optimal strategies against asymmetric adversarial opponent However, it lacks the essential adversarial decision processes perspective. In this paper, a highly innovative data fusion framework for asymmetric-threat detection and prediction based on advanced knowledge infrastructure and stochastic (Markov) game theory is proposed. In particular, asymmetric and adaptive threats are detected and grouped by intelligent agent and Hierarchical Entity Aggregation in Level 2 and their intents are predicted by a decentralized Markov (stochastic) game model with deception in Level 3. We have verified that our proposed algorithms are scalable, stable, and perform satisfactorily according to the situation awareness performance metric. C1 Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 789 EP 796 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000110 ER PT B AU Julier, SJ AF Julier, Simon J. GP IEEE TI An empirical study into the use of chernoff information for robust, distributed fusion of gaussian mixture models SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE covariance intersection; chernoff information; gaussian mixture models ID TRACKING; FILTERS AB This paper considers the problem of developing algorithms for the distributed fusion of Gaussian Mixture Models through the use of Chernoff information. We derive a first order approximation and show that, in a distributed tracking problem in which sensor nodes are equipped with only range-only or bearing-only sensors, it yields consistent estimates. C1 ITT AES, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, SJ (reprint author), ITT AES, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1394 EP 1401 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000195 ER PT B AU LePage, KD AF LePage, Kevin D. GP IEEE TI Estimation of acoustic propagation uncertainty through polynomial chaos expansions SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE uncertainty; acoustic propagation; internal waves; polynomial chaos AB The estimation of sonar system performance in uncertain environments requires the transfer of sound speed, bathymetric and sea surface uncertainty to propagation uncertainty. Currently, methods of estimating the transfer of environmental uncertainty have been based on Monte Carlo simulation of acoustic propagation through an ensemble of environments, or on simplifying assumptions about the physics of propagation either through inhomogeneous media or in the presence of non-separable boundary conditions. In this paper we introduce the Polynomial Chaos expansion method, which allows the integration of the differential equations of acoustic propagation over a basis expansion that is orthogonal with respect to the probability distribution function describing the environmental variability. The resulting solution converges in a relatively small number of expansion coefficients and may be used to estimate any statistical property of the acoustic field, such as its mean value and its variance. C1 Naval Res Lab, Analyt Acoust Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Analyt Acoust Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.lepage@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1402 EP 1406 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000196 ER PT B AU Walters, JJ Julier, SJ AF Walters, Joshua J. Julier, Simon J. GP IEEE TI A software framework for heterogeneous, distributed data fusion SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE tracking; data association; estimation; resource allocation; state estimates AB In this paper we describe a software framework to enable heterogeneous, distributed data fusion of disparate information sources. The framework is agent-based and consists of three main elements. The first is a generalization of the target state to a container of arbitrary, uncertain attributes. The structure of this estimate can vary both across time and across different nodes in the same network. The second is the development of composable process and observation models. These make it possible to dynamically change the models at runtime to fit the current target state estimate. Finally,. C1 [Walters, Joshua J.; Julier, Simon J.] ITT AES, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, JJ (reprint author), ITT AES, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.walters@yahoo.com; S.Julier@cs.ucl.ac.uk NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1415 EP 1422 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000198 ER PT B AU Hempel, CG AF Hempel, Christian G. GP IEEE TI Probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking for distributed multi-static active sonar SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY AB The PMHT algorithm is sufficiently mature to be applicable to mono-static active sonar in [1] and other researchers have investigated PMHT for multi-sensor systems. An important modification of PMHT to utilize echo amplitude information in addition to range and bearing measurements was developed in [2]. In multi-static active systems different source/receiver combinations will observe the same target at different aspect angles and different signal to noise ratios. Any multi-static tracking algorithm attempting to use amplitude information must model the effects of target aspect on the amplitudes of the observed echoes. This paper presents a scheme to use an aspect dependent model of target strength to adapt the parameters in the distribution for target echo amplitude. Results on simulated data demonstrating the improvement that can be achieved with the new method are also presented. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell Street, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1430 EP 1434 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000200 ER PT B AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, Robert S., Jr. Willett, Peter K. GP IEEE TI Utilizing fused features to mine unknown clusters in training data SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE adaptive classification; level two fusion; discrete data; unknown data distribution AB In this paper, a previously introduced data mining technique, utilizing the Mean Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA), is extended for use in finding unknown data clusters in a fused multidimensional feature space. In the BDRA the modeling assumption is that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a priori uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and where the primary metric for selecting and discretizing all relevant features is an analytic formula for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. In extending the BDRA for this application, notice that its builtin dimensionality reduction aspects are exploited for isolating and automatically sorting out and mining all points contained in each unknown data cluster. In previous work, this approach was shown to have comparable performance to the classifier that knows all cluster information when mining a single feature containing multiple unknown clusters. Therefore, the primary contribution of the work presented here is to demonstrate that this approach can be extended to cases where the features are fused and contain more than one dimension. To illustrate performance, results are demonstrated using simulated data containing multiple clusters, and where the fused feature space contains relevant classification information. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, ECE Dept, Storrs, CT USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1435 EP 1441 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000201 ER PT B AU Luginbuhl, TE Ciannopoulos, EH Ainsleigh, PL AF Luginbuhl, T. E. Ciannopoulos, E. H. Ainsleigh, P. L. GP IEEE TI A modified JPDA SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE multi-target tracking; probabilistic data association; estimation ID PROBABILISTIC DATA ASSOCIATION; TRACKING AB This paper presents a coupled, joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm for multi-target tracking using a modified version of the standard measurement-to-track assignment model. The mutually exclusive nature of standard JPDA association events precludes any measurement being associated with more than one target in a given event. This constraint is relaxed here to allow a measurement to be assigned to multiple targets. All other JPDA assumptions are retained (i.e., no measurement can be simultaneously associated with target and clutter, and each track can claim at most one measurement). The computational requirements of the resulting algorithm grow linearly with the number of tracks. The recursive estimators for the coupled track means and covariance are derived and presented. C1 [Luginbuhl, T. E.; Ciannopoulos, E. H.; Ainsleigh, P. L.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Luginbuhl, TE (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM luginbuhlte@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; giannopoutoseh@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; ainsleighpl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil FU Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) IWS-5; office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors thank the reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments, and P. Willett from the University of Connecticut for making them aware of references [14-16]. This work was supported by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) IWS-5 and the office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1457 EP 1464 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000204 ER PT B AU Bochardt, O Calhoun, R Uhlmann, JK Julier, SJ AF Bochardt, Ottmar Calhoun, Ryan Uhlmann, Jeffrey K. Julier, Simon J. GP IEEE TI Generalized information representation and compression using covariance union SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE covariance intersection; covariance union; data fusion; kalman filter; multimodal distributions AB In this paper we consider the use of Covariance Union (CU) with multi-hypothesis techniques (MHT) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) to generalize the conventional mean and covariance representation of information. More specifically, we address the representation of multi-modal information using multiple mean and covariance estimates. A significant challenge is to define a rigorous fusion algorithm that can bound the complexity of the filtering process. This requires a mechanism for subsuming subsets of modes into single modes so that the complexity of the representation satisfies a specified upper bound. We discuss how this can be accomplished using CU. The practical challenge is to develop efficient implementations of the CU algorithm. Because of the novelty of the CU algorithm, there are no existing real-time codes for use in real applications. In this paper we address this deficiency by considering a general-purpose implementation of the CU algorithm based on general nonlinear optimization techniques. Computational results are reported. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN, Res Lab, ITT AES, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1520 EP 1526 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000213 ER PT B AU Incze, BI Dasinger, SB AF Incze, B. Imre Dasinger, Steven B. GP IEEE TI A Bayesian method for managing uncertainties relating to distributed multistatic sensor search SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE Bayesian; multistatic operations analysis; decision support; situational assessment; uncertainty AB Predicting the search effectiveness of a distributed multistatic sensor field is highly conditioned on information which is unknown and, for all practical intents, unknowable when engaged in a two-sided tactical situation. Yet, it is imperative to have a method for assessing the military value of such systems to inform decisions relating to procurement, optimal employment, and maximal military exploitation. The combination of Monte Carlo simulation methods and Bayesian fusion techniques allow for a robust approach for modeling the effects of uncertainty on the distribution of likely outcomes. Exemplar analysis for an Area Clearance and an Area Denial scenario demonstrate how a combined Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian fusion system might be employed to account for uncertainty and the types of information products they can provide a decision-maker. C1 [Incze, B. Imre; Dasinger, Steven B.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Incze, BI (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. EM InczeBI@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; DasingerSB@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1550 EP 1556 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000217 ER PT B AU Bai, L Biswas, S Ortiz, A Dalessandro, D AF Bai, Li Biswas, Saroj Ortiz, Albert Dalessandro, Don GP IEEE TI An image secret sharing method SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE image processing; secret sharing; matrix projection AB This paper presents an image secret sharing method which essentially incorporates two k-out-of-n secret sharing schemes: i) Shamir's secret sharing scheme and ii) matrix projection secret sharing scheme. The technique allows a secret image to be divided as n image shares so that: i) any k image shares (k <= n) can be used to reconstruct the secret image in lossless manner and ii) any (k - 1) or fewer image shares cannot get sufficient information to reveal the secret image. It is an effective, reliable and secure method to prevent the secret image from being lost, stolen or corrupted. In comparison with other image secret sharing methods, this approach's advantages are its large compression rate on the size of the image shares, its strong protection of the secret image and its ability for realtime processing. C1 Temple Univ, ECE Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Bai, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, ECE Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1722 EP 1727 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000245 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Ito, K AF Fahroo, Fariba Ito, Kazufumi GP IEEE TI Optimal absorption design for damped elastic systems SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council ID EXPONENTIAL DECAY; ENERGY AB In this work we consider the optimal absorption design for damped elastic systems represented by second-order wave equations with variable damping coefficients. We consider different design criteria and offer a numerical study of damping designs with respect to these criteria for a 1D wave equation with either viscous or Kelvin-Voigt Damping. Several examples will be given to illustrate the ideas. C1 [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ito, Kazufumi] North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.edu; kito@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1655331 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666300010 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Gong, Q Fahro, F Kang, W AF Ross, I. Michael Gong, Qi Fahro, Fariba Kang, Wei GP IEEE TI Practical stabilization through real-time optimal control SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHODS; SYSTEMS AB Infinite-horizon, nonlinear, optimal, feedback control is one of the fundamental problems in control theory. In this paper we propose a solution for this problem based on recent progress in real-time optimal control. The basic idea is to perform feedback implementations through a domain transformation technique and a Radau based pseudospectral method. Two algorithms are considered: free sampling frequency and fixed sampling frequency. For both algorithms, a theoretical analysis for the stability of the closed-loop system is provided. Numerical simulations with random initial conditions demonstrate the techniques for a flexible robot arm and a benchmark inverted pendulum problem. C1 [Ross, I. Michael; Gong, Qi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Fahro, Fariba; Kang, Wei] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.edu; qgong@nps.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu FU NPS; Secretary of the Air Force FX This research was supported in part by NPS and the Secretary of the Air Force NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 304 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1655372 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666300050 ER PT S AU Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Jones, KD Ghabcheloo, R AF Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N. Kaminer, Isaac I. Jones, Kevin D. Ghabcheloo, Reza GP IEEE TI Vision-based tracking and motion estimation for moving targets using small UAVs SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council AB This paper addresses the development of a vision-based target tracking system for a small unmanned air vehicle. The algorithm performs autonomous tracking of a moving target, while simultaneously estimating GPS coordinates of the target. A low cost off the shelf system is utilized, with a modified radio controlled aircraft airframe, gas engine and servos. Tracking is enabled using a low-cost, miniature pan-tilt gimbal. The control algorithm provides rapid and sustained target acquisition and tracking capability. A target position estimator was designed and shown to provide reasonable targeting accuracy. The impact of target loss events on the control and estimation algorithms is analyzed in detail. C1 [Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N.; Kaminer, Isaac I.; Jones, Kevin D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ghabcheloo, Reza] IST, ISR, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Dobrokhodov, VN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM vldobr@nps.edu; kaminer@nps.edu; jones@nps.edu; reza@isr.ist.utl.pt FU U.S. Government under the grants from USSOCOM and CDTEMS FX This work was supported by the U.S. Government under the grants from USSOCOM and CDTEMS. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 1428 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1656418 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666302069 ER PT S AU Chen, RC Feinberg, EA AF Chen, Richard C. Feinberg, Eugene A. GP IEEE TI Non-randomized control of constrained Markov decision processes SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council AB This paper presents results concerning the optimal control of constrained Markov decision processes with expected-cost criteria using non-randomized policies. A dynamic programming approach is used to construct optimal policies. The convergence of the finite horizon value function to the infinite horizon value function is also shown. A simple example application is presented. C1 [Chen, Richard C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feinberg, Eugene A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chen, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.chen@nrl.navy.mil; Eugene.Feinberg@sunysb.edu FU ONR; DARPA; NSF [DMI-0300121] FX This work was supported by ONR, DARPA, and NSF Grant DMI-0300121. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 1593 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1656446 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666303011 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K AF O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. Kiriakidis, Kiriakos GP IEEE TI A comparison of H-infinity with Kalman filtering in vehicle state and parameter identification SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council ID ESTIMATOR; GPS AB The Kalman and H-infinity filters, which aim to minimize separate criteria, are optimal only in ideal circumstances. A question that arises in practice is how to determine which filter performs better using a posterior common criterion pertinent to the application. To address this issue, the authors use the mean squared error as a measure of performance while ensuring that the filters' tuning parameters are also comparable. Analysis of combined state variable and parameter estimation, in the area of vehicle dynamics, has shown that the H-infinity filter has the ability to outperform the Kalman filter as long as the respective Riccati equations start from the same initial condition. C1 [O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.; Kiriakidis, Kiriakos] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu; kiri-akid@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001405WR20232, N00001405WR20380] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under grants N0001405WR20232 and N00001405WR20380. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 3954 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1657336 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666307066 ER PT S AU Kaminer, I Yakimenko, O Pascoal, A Ghabcheloo, R AF Kaminer, I. Yakimenko, O. Pascoal, A. Ghabcheloo, R. GP IEEE TI Path generation, path following and coordinated control for time-critical missions of multiple UAVs SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council DE umnanned air vehicles; coordinated motion control; trajectory generation; path following; graph theory AB The paper proposes a solution to the problem of coordinated control of multiple unmanned air vehicle (UAV) to ensure collision-free maneuvers under strict spatial and temporal constraints. First, a set of feasible trajectories are generated for all UAVs using a new direct method of optimal control that takes into account rules for collision avoidance. A by-product of this step yields, for each vehicle, a spatial path to be followed together with a nominal desired speed profile. Each vehicle is then made to execute a pure path following maneuver in three-dimensional space by resorting to a novel 3D algorithm. Finally, the speed profile for each vehicle is adjusted to enforce the temporal constraints that must be met in order to coordinate the fleet of vehicles. Simulations illustrate the potential of the methodology developed. C1 [Kaminer, I.; Yakimenko, O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Pascoal, A.; Ghabcheloo, R.] Inst Super Tecn, Inst Syst & Robot, Dept Elect Engn & Comp, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Kaminer, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. OI PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 4906 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1657498 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666309058 ER PT B AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Krawczyk, S Lawson, E Stanchak, R Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz Krawczyk, S. Lawson, E. Stanchak, R. Kamgar-Parsi, Behzad GP IEEE TI Toward a human-like similarity measure for face recognition SO 2006 BIOMETRICS SYMPOSIUM: SPECIAL SESSION ON RESEARCH AT THE BIOMETRIC CONSORTIUM CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biometrics Symposium on Research at the Biometric Consortium Conference CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE AB We propose an approach for capturing a human similarity measure (within an artificial neural network, SVM, or other classifiers) for face recognition. That is, the following important and long desired goal appears achievable: "The similarity measure used in a face recognition system should be designed so that humans' ability to perform face recognition and recall are imitated as closely as possible by the machine [1]". For each person of interest, a dedicated classifier is developed. Within the classifier we effectively capture a human classification functionality. This is done by automatically generating and labeling two arbitrarily large sets of morphed images (typically tens of thousands). One set is composed of images with reduced resemblance to the imaged person, yet recognizable by humans as that person (positive exemplars); the second set consists of look-alikes, i.e. "others" who look almost like the imaged person (negative exemplars). Humans, unlike most face recognition systems, do not rank images as a precursor to recognition. Like humans, our system does not rank images, as it is capable of rejecting images of previously unseen faces (or faces which are not of interest) by simply examining their images, and recognizing faces for which it is trained to identify. We demonstrate this capability in our presented experiments, where a large set of impostor images that were not provided during training are consistently rejected by the system. C1 [Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz; Krawczyk, S.; Lawson, E.; Stanchak, R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kamgar-Parsi, Behzad] Off Naval Res, Div Comp Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0486-5 PY 2006 BP 7 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGT87 UT WOS:000250478300002 ER PT B AU Grant, KJ Murphy, J Mahon, R Burris, HR Rabinovich, WS Moore, CI Wasiczko, LM Goetz, PG Suite, M Ferraro, MS Gilbreath, GC Clare, BA Mudge, KA Chaffey, J AF Grant, Kenneth J. Murphy, James Mahon, Rita Burris, Harris R. Rabinovich, William S. Moore, Christopher I. Wasiczko, Linda M. Goetz, Peter G. Suite, Michele Ferraro, Mike S. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Clare, Bradley A. Mudge, Kerry A. Chaffey, Jason GP IEEE TI Free space optical transmission of AM composite video signals using InGaAs modulating retro-reflectors SO 2006 CONFERENCE ON OPTOELECTRONIC AND MICROELECTRONIC MATERIALS & DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices CY DEC 06-08, 2006 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA DE modulating retro-reflector; video; free space optical communications AB We report on the free space optical transmission of AM composite video signals using a 10mm diameter InGaAs modulating retro-reflector. C1 [Grant, Kenneth J.; Clare, Bradley A.; Mudge, Kerry A.; Chaffey, Jason] Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. [Murphy, James; Rabinovich, William S.; Moore, Christopher I.; Wasiczko, Linda M.; Goetz, Peter G.; Suite, Michele; Ferraro, Mike S.; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mahon, Rita; Burris, Harris R.] Titan Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Grant, KJ (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. FU Australian Department of Defence FX K.J.Grant acknowledges the award of a Defence Science modulators", Proc. SPIE Free-Space Laser Communications and Active Fellowship from the Australian Department of Defence. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0577-0 PY 2006 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1109/COMMAD.2006.4429915 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHQ13 UT WOS:000255327100049 ER PT S AU Wagner, K Doroslovacki, M Deng, HY AF Wagner, Kevin Doroslovacki, Milos Deng, Hongyang GP IEEE TI Convergence of proportionate-type LMS adaptive filters and choice of gain matrix SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Recently, it has been shown that the proportionate-type LMS adaptive litters are converging for the sufficiently small adaptation stepsize parameter and white input. In addition to this, a theoretical connection between proportionate-type steepest descent algorithms and proportionate-type stochastic algorithms for a constant gain matrix has been revealed. Motivated by this theoretical connection, we seek a connection between these types of algorithms for a time-varying gain matrix. To that end, we examine the feasibility of predicting the performance of a stochastic proportionate algorithm with a time-varying gain matrix by analyzing the performance of its associated deterministic steepest descent algorithm. In doing so we have found that this approach has merit. Using this insight, various steepest descent algorithms are studied and used to predict and explain the behavior of their counterpart stochastic algorithms. In particular, it is shown that the mu-PNLMS algorithm possesses robust behavior. In addition to this the epsilon-PNLMS algorithm is proposed and its performance is evaluated. C1 [Wagner, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Deng, Hongyang] Freescale Semiconductor Inc, Austin, TX 78729 USA. RP Wagner, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 243 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925200044 ER PT S AU Alexandropoulos, I Fargues, MP AF Alexandropoulos, Ioannis Fargues, Monique P. GP IEEE TI UNCOOLED INFRARED IMAGING FACE RECOGNITION USING KERNEL-BASED FEATURE VECTOR SELECTION SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE infrared; face recognition; classification AB This study considers an approximation to the Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) and its applications to an uncooled infrared image face recognition problem. We consider the feature vector selection approach recently proposed by Baudat and Anouar, and combine it with the Linear Discriminant Analysis method (FVS-LDA). The resulting scheme is applied to the fifty-subject uncooled IR face database developed locally in an earlier project for comparison purposes. Identification and verification experiments are reported and compared to those obtained with the GDA implementation. Results indicate that similar recognition performances may be obtained when using well-tuned FVS parameters for a significantly reduced computational effort. C1 [Alexandropoulos, Ioannis; Fargues, Monique P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fargues, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fargues@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 613 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354821 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925201036 ER PT S AU Walker, TO Tummala, M Michael, JB AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali Michael, J. Bret GP IEEE TI Synchronization and performance of a cooperative pulse transmission algorithm for a wireless network of active sensors SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE wireless sensor networks; active sensor; scheduling; MAC protocol; ballistic missile defense AB A cluster-based, cooperative pulse transmission scheduling algorithm is presented and analyzed for a wireless network of active sensors. Synchronization requirements are defined and addressed to accommodate time, frequency, and phase constraints. Performance metrics for the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the maximum pulse repetition frequency (PRF) are developed and analyzed. A trade-off is found to exist between the two metrics that can be managed by optimizing the number of nodes per cluster. The performance is shown to be substantially better than the conventional "hand-off" technique and is validated through simulation for both uniform and random arrays. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; Michael, J. Bret] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu FU U.S. Missile Defense Agency FX This research was funded by a grant from the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 717 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925201056 ER PT S AU Hewer, GA Kuo, W Hanson, G Sickman, F AF Hewer, Gary A. Kuo, Wei Hanson, Grant Sickman, Frederick GP IEEE TI Double density complex wavelet based image cartoon-texture decomposition SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; TRANSFORM; DISTANCE AB Both the Kingsbury dual-tree and the subsequent Selesnick double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform approximate an analytic function. The classification of the phase dependency across scales is largely unexplored except by Romberg et al. Here we characterize the subband dependency of the orientation of phase gradients by applying the Morel-Helmholtz principle to bivariate histograms to locate meaningful modes. A further characterization using the Earth Mover's Distance with the fundamental Rudin-Osher-Meyer Banach space decomposition into cartoon and texture elements is presented. Possible applications include image compression and invariant descriptor selection for image matching. C1 [Hewer, Gary A.; Kuo, Wei; Hanson, Grant; Sickman, Frederick] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Ctr Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Ctr Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM gary.hewer@navy.mil; wei.kuo@navy.mil; grant.hanson@navy.mil; frederick.sickman@navy.mil FU DARPA GeoStar Program; Office of Navy Research FX This work was partially supported by the DARPA GeoStar Program and Office of Navy Research, Code 311. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 861 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354873 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202001 ER PT S AU Sworder, DD Boyd, JE Hutchins, RG Elliott, RJ AF Sworder, D. D. Boyd, J. E. Hutchins, R. G. Elliott, R. J. GP IEEE TI Metrics for target tracking SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Model-based trackers generate a synthetic distribution function for the kinematic state of the target. The mean is used to locate the target, and the covariance is used to generate a confidence region about the mean. We shall show that a map-enhanced, multiple model algorithms can be used to reduce the tracking error and to make the confidence region more compact. C1 [Sworder, D. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept ECE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Boyd, J. E.] Cubic Def Syst Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Hutchins, R. G.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept EECE, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Elliott, R. J.] Univ Calgary, Haskayne Sch Busines, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Sworder, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept ECE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsworder@ucsd.edu; john.boyd@cubic.com; hutchins@nps.navy.mil; relliott@ucalgary.ca NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 1011 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354905 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202029 ER PT S AU Cheng, BH Kadambe, S Adams, V Dawley, W AF Cheng, Bing Hwa Kadambe, Shubha Adams, Vinh Dawley, Wes GP IEEE TI Estimation of the number of sources present in instantaneous and anechoic mixtures SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we propose a method for estimating the number of sources in the instantaneous and anechoic mixing systems without the knowledge of the system parameters. From the observation of the two or more mixing signals, we can obtain the scattering plot that consists of the phase and amplitude information of the mixing signals. Using the sparsity property of the sources in the time-frequency domain and the time-frequency coefficients of the sources form individual clusters that are resolvable, the number of sources present in a given mixed signals can be estimated by estimating the number of clusters present in the scattering plot. A criterion used for the estimation of the number of clusters is also presented in this paper. The results are shown for both synthetic and experimental (real) mixing data. From the results it can be seen that the estimation of the number of sources is 100% accurate for the examples provided. C1 [Cheng, Bing Hwa] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Kadambe, Shubha] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Adams, Vinh; Dawley, Wes] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cheng, BH (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM binghwa@hrl.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 1242 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354953 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202073 ER PT S AU Nieh, JY Tummala, M Vincent, P AF Nieh, Jo-Yen Tummala, Murali Vincent, Patrick GP IEEE TI A systematic approach to the design of space-ime block coded MIMO systems SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We propose a systematic process for designing a MMO system with an arbitrary number of transmitting and receiving antennas, and evaluate (through simulation) the performance improvements that can be attained by employing our design. We present a general formula that can be readily used to determine the rate (Le., the ratio of the number of symbols transmitted over the number of symbol intervals required) of systems that employ our design. C1 [Nieh, Jo-Yen; Tummala, Murali; Vincent, Patrick] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Nieh, JY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 1296 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354965 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202084 ER PT S AU Vincent, P Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Vincent, Patrick Tummala, Murali McEachen, John GP IEEE TI Optimizing the size of an antenna array SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We analyze the optimal number of sensor nodes that should participate in a beamforming process in order to minimize the energy expended by nodes in a sensor network. As we increase the number of sensor nodes involved in beamforming (for a fixed energy per bit to noise power spectral density required at the receiver), the transmit power of each node is significantly reduced, but the overhead in implementing even a simple collaborative algorithm increases. We specify the optimal number of nodes to use to minimize the total energy expended, and thus extend the lifetime of a sensor network. C1 [Vincent, Patrick; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Vincent, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 2281 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.355176 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925204082 ER PT B AU Bulbuller, G Fargues, MP Vaidyanathan, R AF Bulbuller, G. Fargues, M. P. Vaidyanathan, R. GP IEEE TI In-ear microphone speech data segmentation and recognition using neural networks SO 2006 IEEE 12TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 4TH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/4th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY SEP 24-JUN 27, 2006-2009 CL Teton Natl Pk, WY SP IEEE DE speech processing; in-ear microphone; back-propagation neural network AB Speech collected through a microphone placed in front of the mouth has been the primary source of data collection for speech recognition. However, this set-up also picks up any ambient noise present at the same time. As a result, locations which may provide shielding from surrounding noise have also been considered. This study considers an ear-insert microphone which collects speech from the ear canal to take advantage of the ear canal noise shielding properties to operate in noisy environments. Speech segmentation is achieved using short-time signal magnitude and short-time energy-entropy features. Cepstral coefficients extracted from each segmented utterance are used as input features to a back-propagation neural network for the seven isolated word recognizer implemented. Results show that a backpropagation neural network configuration may be a viable choice for this recognition task and that the best average recognition rate (94.73%) is obtained with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients for a two-layer network. C1 [Bulbuller, G.; Fargues, M. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vaidyanathan, R.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bulbuller, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fargues@nps.edu; rvaidyan@nps.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0534-3 PY 2006 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1109/DSPWS.2006.265387 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFN71 UT WOS:000243343700050 ER PT B AU Kurcan, RS Fargues, MP Vaidyanathan, R AF Kurcan, R. S. Fargues, M. P. Vaidyanathan, R. GP IEEE TI In-ear microphone speech data recognition using HMMs SO 2006 IEEE 12TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 4TH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/4th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY SEP 24-JUN 27, 2006-2009 CL Teton Natl Pk, WY SP IEEE DE speech processing; HMM; in-ear microphone AB Many applications requiring detection and identification of speech while in high noise environments can be commonly found in factory, automobile, aircraft or other settings. In such conditions, collecting speech at other locations than the mouth may lead to speech of better quality than can be obtained at the mouth. Our study focuses on a COTS foam-incased in-ear microphone device well suited for multiple users and various environments. We present results obtained with a basic DHMM recognizer implemented on a seven isolated words vocabulary. C1 [Kurcan, R. S.; Fargues, M. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vaidyanathan, R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kurcan, RS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fargues@nps.edu; rvaidyan@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0534-3 PY 2006 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1109/DSPWS.2006.265388 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFN71 UT WOS:000243343700051 ER PT B AU Wright, CHG Welch, TB Morrow, MG AF Wright, Cameron H. G. Welch, Thad B. Morrow, Michael G. GP IEEE TI CommFSK: A hardware approach to teaching FSK SO 2006 IEEE 12TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 4TH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/4th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY SEP 24-JUN 27, 2006-2009 CL Teton Natl Pk, WY SP IEEE DE communication; frequency shift keying; digital signal processing; real time systems; winDSK AB Many communication topics are difficult for undergraduate students to internalize, but demonstrations and laboratory experiences have been shown to help a great deal. This paper describes how we teach the concept of frequency shift keying by using a highly successful combination of theory, demonstrations, lab exercises, and real-time DSP experiences that incorporate MATLAB and the Texas Instruments C67x digital signal processing starter kit. C1 [Wright, Cameron H. G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Welch, Thad B.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. [Morrow, Michael G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Wright, CHG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM c.h.g.wright@ieee.org; t.b.welch@ieee.org; morrow@ieee.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0534-3 PY 2006 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFN71 UT WOS:000243343700087 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Martinez, T Santiago, F Roura, E Payne, DM AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Santiago, Freddie Roura, Erick Payne, Don M. GP IEEE TI Measuring a deformable mirror's surface while under physical vibrations SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB This paper(1) reports on the measurement and reconstruction using two algorithms of an Adaptive Tilt Mirror's reflected wavefront using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The combined wavefront corrector consists of a deformable mirror mounted onto a fast steering platform. Reconstruction of the wavefront was performed using finite difference and finite element reconstructors for comparison. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and the two types of software reconstructors provide a visualization of the mirror's surface. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Santiago, Freddie; Roura, Erick] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Payne, Don M.] Narrascape Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cwilcox@nrl.navy.mil; fred.san@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 1909 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103025 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. GP IEEE TI A remedy for nonstationarity in background transition regions for real time hyperspectral detection SO 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB Real-time hyperspectral systems rely on a variety of statistical detection methods that all require the adaptive estimation of first- and second-order background statistics. Inadequate adaptation can occur when an airborne sensor encounters a physical transition area (e.g. forest to meadow), resulting both in excessive false detections, and in the failure to detect targets that have been strategically positioned in boundary areas. Here we describe a two-component statistical mixture model that gracefully grows the capabilities of deployed systems to adapt to abrupt transitions. First, the parameters of a bi-modal Gaussian model are found with a modified Expectation Maximization technique. Next, the detection phase of processing tests for hypotheses that allow mixtures of these background components, with unknown mixing fraction estimated as part of a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). A straightforward application of existing real time spectral whitening modules allows the simultaneous diagonalization of the estimated covariance matrices of both primary mixture components. This generates, for both anomaly- and signature-based detection, only a small additional computational burden, consisting of a standard Newton-Raphson algorithm applied to a polynomial function. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 2177 EP 2185 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103052 ER PT S AU Lynch, R Kirsteins, I Kelly, J Willett, P AF Lynch, Robert Kirsteins, Ivars Kelly, James Willett, Peter GP IEEE TI Analytical results in detecting broadband signals in reverberant dispersive environments SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB In previous work, the utility of using broadband waveforms was investigated as a means of improving active sonar performance against slow moving or stationary targets in littoral waters. This work was motivated by the fact that, in principle, the use of a wide spectrum permits the design of waveforms with nearly ideal "thumbtack-like" ambiguity functions. However, it is widely known that the ocean has dispersive characteristics in both time and frequency that can prevent the idealized broadband gains from being realized. These dispersive effects, or coherence losses, result in non-idealized signal-echo cross-ambiguity function properties. Currently, it is not well understood how coherence losses affect the cross-ambiguity function. Thus, the previous related effort, for a given fixed bandwidth and time duration waveform, studied and quantified the effects of coherence losses on detection in reverberation-limited environments, where coherence losses were assumed to be uniformly distributed. Given that, the work reported in this paper discusses the extension of previous results by investigating coherence losses for an arbitrary time duration and bandwidth waveform. Further, additional results have been obtained to simulate time/frequency dispersion losses that are assumed to be either uni-modally or multi-modally Gaussian distributed. C1 [Lynch, Robert; Kirsteins, Ivars; Kelly, James] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06355 USA. RP Lynch, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 2196 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103054 ER PT S AU Barrett, C AF Barrett, Christopher GP IEEE TI AH-1Z stores compatibility testing lessons learned SO 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The AH-1Z Cobra was a major upgrade of the AH-1W performed under the United States Marine Corps (USMC) H-1 Upgrades Program. Upgrades significant to weapons employment included a new rotor system, new stub-wing weapons stations, countermeasure dispensing system, and upgraded drive-train. These upgrades required testing to evaluate the AH-1Z's ability to safely employ weapon systems. The objectives of this test were to evaluate the separation characteristics of weapons and stores fired, launched or dispensed from the AH-1Z; measure aircraft structural loads, strains, and vibrations during weapons firing; and use measured flight data to evaluate the effects of weapon firings on engines and drive systems in order to recommend safe store employment envelopes. During the test program, stores compatibility results were encountered which were not expected during test planning, including rocket gas ingestion and unsatisfactory 20-mm ammunition link separation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Lusby, MD 20657 USA. RP Barrett, C (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, 12745 Ponderosa Ct, Lusby, MD 20657 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3058 EP 3064 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583105029 ER PT S AU Shaw, L Hidalgo, RC Rogers, JW Burgess, GJ Minor, JL AF Shaw, Leonard Hidalgo, Raniel C. Rogers, James W. Burgess, Gregory J. Minor, John L. GP IEEE TI Aeroelastic load control program: In-flight demonstration of active flow control technology SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The USAF Test Pilot School (TPS) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have partnered with Lockheed Martin and General Electric (GE) Global Research to execute the first flight test using Dual Bimorph Synthetic Jet (DBSJ) actuators in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of active flow control technology. The first phase of the Aeroelastic Load Control (ALC) program demonstrated the use of small, electronically controlled DBSJ actuators to mitigate the effects of turbulent airflow. The USAF TPS flew three missions that were dedicated to evaluating this technology using a unique configuration on a modified F-16 test aircraft. The primary objective of this test was to validate the configuration as an effective active flow control evaluation platform. The initial results of the flight tests showed some effectiveness in reducing dynamic loads from turbulent airflow when employing the DBSJ actuators. Specifically, parameters reflected a reduction in overall sound pressure levels when the jet actuators were operational. Our data also suggested that active flow control technology merits further investigation using our test configuration, which could potentially lead to some new and innovative solutions to turbulent airflow in the aerospace industry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hidalgo, Raniel C.] US Air Force, Capt, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Burgess, Gregory J.] USN, LCDR, Washington, DC USA. [Minor, John L.] US Air Force, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Rogers, James W.] US Air Force, OGMT OG 46, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM leonard.shaw@wpafb.af.mil; raniel.hidalgo@edwards.af.mil; james.rogers2@eglin.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3086 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583105032 ER PT S AU Kaminer, II Yakimenko, OA Pascoal, AM AF Kaminer, Isaac I. Yakimenko, Oleg A. Pascoal, Antonio M. GP IEEE TI Coordinated control of multiple UAVs for time-critical applications SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The paper(1,2) proposes a solution to the problem of coordinated control of multiple unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to ensure collision-free maneuvers under strict spatial and temporal constraints. The solution proposed relies on the decoupling of space and time in die problem formulation. First, a set of feasible trajectories are generated for all UAVs using a new direct method of optimal control that takes into account rules for collision avoidance. A by-product of this step yields for each vehicle a spatial path to be followed, together with a desired nominal speed profile along that path. Each vehicle is then asked to execute a pure path following maneuver in three-dimensional space by resorting to a novel 3-D algorithm that enforces temporal constraints aimed at coordinating the fleet of vehicles. Simulations illustrate the potential of the methodology developed. C1 [Kaminer, Isaac I.; Yakimenko, Oleg A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pascoal, Antonio M.] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Elect Engn & Comp, Lisbon 1049001, Portugal. RP Kaminer, II (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kaminer@nps.edu; oayakime@nps.edu; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3130 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583105037 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, Kerry GP IEEE TI Fixing BIT on the V-22 Osprey SO 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The V-22 Osprey(1,2) measured an unsatisfactory high Built-In-Test (BIT) false alarm rate of 92% (threshold <= 25%) during its first Operational Test And Evaluation Phase (OPEVAL) in 2000. On a good note, the V-22 did exceed its operational objectives for BIT fault detection and fault isolation rates. Afterwards, the Blue Ribbon Panel report identified the need to fix false alarms: "Expedite the plan to reduce the V-22 false-alarm rate in both the aircraft and ground systems, with priority on aircraft software." Correction of false alarms then became a high priority issue on the program. Therefore, a success-oriented engineering approach was developed and implemented to mature the diagnostics system in order to meet the operational requirements. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd,Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3646 EP + PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583106031 ER PT S AU Pisano, A Frankenberger, CE AF Pisano, Alan Frankenberger, Charles E., III GP IEEE TI The SECAD project - Vulnerability reduction via propulsion control logic SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB Digital propulsion controls provide the foundation for adding capabilities beyond normal control functions to enable the next level of increased survivability for both war-time and peace-time damage scenarios(1,2). Propulsion is a critical system for any platform, providing electrical and hydraulic power, ECS (Environmental Control system) air as well as thrust. If the vulnerability of propulsion systems can be reduced, the probability of successful completion of the mission is increased. The SECAD (Survivable Engine Control Algorithm Development) project has made significant progress toward the development of a complete system to not only diagnose, but also to react to non-catastrophic damage to the engine gas path in real-time and thus preserve thrust needed to enable mission completion, intelligent mission re-planning, or just getting the pilot "out of harms way". The early detection of not only the onset of damage but also the identification of damage type as well, provides critical precursors for the control system to react to prevent further system damage. Initial feasibility results, which were presented at IEEE Aerospace Conference in 2002 [1], have been significantly extended and validated to suggest potential for early transition. These new results demonstrate the simplicity of the concept by extending the design to cover the entire flight envelope of interest and are shown to be robust to normal deterioration and typical aircraft transients. Although based on an extension of linear regression, the methodology determines the optimum sensor suite from a given set of sensors with varying accuracies to achieve a desired probability of correct detection in the presence of normal system variations while minimizing the probabilities of unacceptable "false alarms". The SECAD project recently completed a highly successful demonstration of this "full-envelope" damage detection and mitigation design using an F414-GE-400 turbofan engine at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division's Weapons Survivability Laboratory. Testing consisted of fan and compressor damage, combustor damage, afterburner duct damage and ballistic nozzle damage. Test results verified the capability of the damage detection and mitigation methodology over the full range of throttle positions at selected conditions. C1 [Pisano, Alan] GE Co, Aircraft Engines, 1000 Western Ave, Lynn, MA 01901 USA. [Frankenberger, Charles E., III] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div Survivabil, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Pisano, A (reprint author), GE Co, Aircraft Engines, 1000 Western Ave, Lynn, MA 01901 USA. EM alan.pisano@ae.ge.com; charles.frankenberge@navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3671 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583106034 ER PT S AU Caguiat, D Scharschan, J Zipkin, D Nicolo, J AF Caguiat, Daniel Scharschan, John Zipkin, David Nicolo, James GP IEEE TI Applied neural network for navy marine gas turbine stall algorithm development SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB In June 2005(1,2), Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies conducted testing on a General Electric LM2500 gas turbine engine. This engine is the main propulsor for DDG-51 and CG-47 class United States Navy surface ships. The purpose of this testing was to induce compressor stall in order to evaluate existing algorithms for stall prediction and gather data for further algorithm development. In addition to existing sensor data, dynamic pressure sensors, with data rates ranging from 20-1000 K-Hz, were installed in various compressor stages for additional capability. Utilizing the data collected, in conjunction with a MATLAB-based neural network approach, NSWC has developed algorithms to detect and trend stall margin and related quantities that can eventually be used in an early stall warning system onboard ship. Algorithms can be incorporated into the recently installed Full Authority Digital Control, allowing real-time stall detection and prevention. This paper discusses the feasibility of employing a neural network approach to detect and output a compressor stall margin value and associated risk of compressor stall for U.S. Navy LM2500 gas turbine engines. C1 [Caguiat, Daniel; Scharschan, John; Zipkin, David; Nicolo, James] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 1569 Constitut Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Caguiat, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 1569 Constitut Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM Daniel.Caguiat@navy.mil; John.Scharschan@navy.mil; David.Zipkin@navy.mil; James.Nicolo@usmint.treas.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 4162 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583107030 ER PT B AU Hofer, TW Seetharaman, GS AF Hofer, Thomas W. Seetharaman, Guna S. GP IEEE TI Development of a digital avionics curriculum for the aeronautical engineer SO 2006 IEEE/AIAA 25TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 25th Digital Avionics Systerms Conference CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Portsmouth, OR SP IEEE, AIAA AB The focus of the research leading to this paper was the development of a comprehensive digital avionics curriculum that will serve the needs of aeronautical engineers who will be involved with the development, integration, testing, fielding, and supporting of avionics systems as part of the overall aircraft system. Research was conducted through a literature review, a thorough review of existing avionics programs, and the use of a Delphi Technique survey process. Based upon the findings from the reviews and the Delphi Technique survey process, a six-step curriculum development process was formulated as a method to build a course structure that will satisfy the needs of students enrolled in a digital avionics specialty course sequence. Utilizing the formulated process, a proposed three course curriculum was developed that will provide the avionics knowledge required at the correct level of proficiency while instilling the desired attributes within the aeronautical engineers. The development process and the resulting proposed curriculum will be presented. C1 USN Acad, USMC, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hofer, TW (reprint author), USN Acad, USMC, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0377-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2006 BP 756 EP 768 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGB18 UT WOS:000245889700076 ER PT B AU Chan, EY Koshinz, DG Beranek, MW Harres, DN AF Chan, Eric Y. Koshinz, Dennis G. Beranek, Mark W. Harres, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of a GB/S transceiver with otdr built-in-test for avionics local area networks SO 2006 IEEE/AIAA 25TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 25th Digital Avionics Systerms Conference CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Portsmouth, OR SP IEEE, AIAA AB The motivations for development of an integrated BITed transceiver have been described in previous DASC papers [ 1], [2] and [3]. One of the challenges in developing BIT capabilities in avionics local area networks is implementing the BITed transceiver functionality without degrading the transceiver's electro-optic performance characteristics, or increasing its size, or changing its multi-source agreement (MSA) standard footprint format. We have successfully demonstrated the first prototype: Gb/s fiber optic transceiver with integrated built-in test 10-cm resolution OTDR capability in a small-form-factor (SFF) package. This OTDR BITed transceiver operates at 850 run with high output power and good electro-optic characteristics over 2 Gb/s. The 10-cin optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) resolution requires the transceiver to have total rise time (t(r)) and fall time (t(f)) less than 1 ns. This rise and fall time requirement indicates the intrinsic transceiver has to support a 2.5 Gb/s data rate. C1 Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO USA. RP Chan, EY (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0377-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2006 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGB18 UT WOS:000245889700083 ER PT S AU Beranek, MW Avak, AR AF Beranek, Mark W. Avak, Anthony R. GP IEEE TI Improving avionics fiber optic network reliability and maintainability via built-in test SO 2006 IEEE/AIAA 25TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 25th Digital Avionics Systerms Conference CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Portsmouth, OR SP IEEE, AIAA C1 [Beranek, Mark W.; Avak, Anthony R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-0377-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2006 BP 842 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGB18 UT WOS:000245889700085 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J Meseroll, R Morgan, M AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John Meseroll, Robert Morgan, Matthew GP IEEE TI The WIKI ietm SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB The current generation of United States (US) Navy and Marine Corps interactive electronic technical manuals (IETM's) are designed to provide maintainers with sufficient technical information to facilitate repairs at the Organizational level of maintenance (O-level). Before use at the O-level, the IETM's are validated. However, practical situations arise which are not covered in sufficient detail by an IETM. In these situations, maintainers must rely on their own knowledge and experience to facilitate a successful repair. The larger body of Navy maintainers cannot easily benefit from a single maintainer's practical lessons learned. No medium currently exists to facilitate timely knowledge-sharing. The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) utilizes the Technical Publications Deficiency Reporting (TPDR) program for reporting deficiencies in technical manuals and taking corrective action. However, in the case of non-safetyrelated deficiencies, this program takes too much time to be of immediate use to a maintainer. A "wiki" is a type of web-based document that allows participants to easily add and edit content. It is especially suited for collaborative writing. This paper describes one mechanism for leveraging the wiki concept to allow maintainers to communicate with each other regarding non-safety-related maintenance issues via editable web pages outside of and in addition to current validated technical manuals. A wiki IETM has been created by the Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at NAVAIR Lakehurst to demonstrate this concept. Experiments were carried out in which participants were asked to complete a laboratory task following a procedure created by the authors. A control group was asked to follow the procedure as it was written. Another group was given the benefit of using the wiki comments in addition to the procedure. The experiences of both groups were then compared. This effort has shown that it is useful to establish a Navy-wide forum through which maintainers can quickly communicate lessons learned using the wiki philosophy. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. TPS Associates, Manchester, NJ 08759 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil; robert.meseroll@navy.mil; matthew.morgan1@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200060 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J D'Annunzio, A Meseroll, R Edwards, G Koepping, C AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John D'Annunzio, Anthony Meseroll, Robert Edwards, Gail Koepping, Craig GP IEEE TI Realizing net-centric diagnostics within the naval maintenance system SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB The U.S. Navy's current implementation of the three-level maintenance philosophy achieves mission readiness. However, there are inefficiencies in the maintenance system which waste resources and manpower. These inefficiencies may be overcome by facilitating improved testing capabilities and data sharing between the Organizational level of maintenance (O-level) and the Intermediate level (I-level) and/or Depot (D-level). The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst has investigated the realization of net-centric avionics diagnostics within the current Navy maintenance system. This paper describes efforts by the IDATS team to realize a proof-of-concept demonstration involving many aircraft maintenance technologies. These include data mining, diagnostic reasoning, and the transmission of diagnostic and maintenance data between levels of maintenance in order to reduce diagnostic ambiguities and testing time for an avionics system. Cost savings resulting from increased aircraft operational availability (Ao) can be achieved by implementing a net-centric approach to diagnostics within the current Navy maintenance system. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. TPS Associates, Manchester, NJ 08759 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil; anthony.d'annunzio@navy.mil; robert.meseroll@navy.mil; gail.edwards@navy.mil; craig.koepping@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200064 ER PT S AU McNatt, C Gaudette, T AF McNatt, Cameron Gaudette, Tom GP IEEE TI Vectorized test program sets using matlab and the teradyne Al-710 analog test instrument SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB Traditional Test Program Sets (TPS) for Naval Automated Test Systems operate in a serial fashion, collecting and analyzing data one unit at a time. Teradyne's Ai-710 Analog Test Instrument, which is currently being installed into the U.S. Navy's premier test system, CASS, allows for vectors of Input/Output data to be emitted and collected simultaneously. The MathWorks, under contract from the U.S. Navy, designed and implemented test software using MATLAB that controls the Ai-710. This software enables TPS developers to create Vectorized Test Programs Sets (VTPS) in which vectors of I/O data are sent, collected, and analyzed in parallel, increasing TPS efficiency, simulating real-world circumstances, and facilitating the use of the Ai-710. C1 NAVAIR, St Inigoes, MD 20684 USA. MathWorks, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP McNatt, C (reprint author), NAVAIR, Bldg 8141 Villa Rd, St Inigoes, MD 20684 USA. EM James.McNatt.ctr@Navy.mil; Tom.Gaudette@Mathworks.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200066 ER PT B AU Jessop, CN Jenkins, RB Voigt, RJ AF Jessop, Clifford N. Jenkins, R. Brian Voigt, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Routing in an optical local area network using wavelength conversion SO 2006 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2006 CL Annapolis, MD SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm C1 [Jessop, Clifford N.; Jenkins, R. Brian; Voigt, Robert J.] USN, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jessop, CN (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0407-0 PY 2006 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGC53 UT WOS:000246032100012 ER PT B AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F AF Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank GP IEEE TI Optical amplification in avionic analog photonic links SO 2006 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2006 CL Annapolis, MD SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Bucholtz, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0407-0 PY 2006 BP 44 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGC53 UT WOS:000246032100022 ER PT B AU Chan, EY Beranek, MW Harres, DN AF Chan, Eric Y. Beranek, Mark W. Harres, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Gigabit fiber optic transceiver technology evolution for avionics SO 2006 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2006 CL Annapolis, MD SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm C1 [Chan, Eric Y.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Beranek, Mark W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Harres, Daniel N.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Chan, EY (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0407-0 PY 2006 BP 50 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGC53 UT WOS:000246032100025 ER PT B AU Sofge, DA AF Sofge, Donald A. GP IEEE TI Toward a framework for quantum evolutionary computation SO 2006 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2006 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP IEEE DE evolutionary computation; quantum computing; biological evolution ID MUTATION AB Biological evolution provides an immensely powerful toolset for problem solving, while evolutionary computation attempts to harness the power of biological evolution for solving problems using classical computing paradigms. Quantum computing offers many apparent advantages over classical computing for certain types of problems, such as searching or optimizing over large solution sets. Once practical quantum computers are available, we would like to take advantage of their highly parallel computing capabilities for use in evolutionary computation. In this work we explore the nexus between quantum and evolutionary computation, and propose an approach toward a practical framework for performing evolutionary computation on quantum computers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sofge, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0022-5 PY 2006 BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BFW94 UT WOS:000245213800136 ER PT B AU Vernon, RC Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF Vernon, Richard C. Irvine, Cynthia E. Levin, Timothy E. GP IEEE TI Toward a boot odometer SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY ID SECURE AB In trustworthy systems, object reuse requirements extend to all forms of memory oil the platform and call include volatile elements such as RAM, cache, I/O device registers, and certain controllers. To ensure that residual information is not accessible from one session to another, these regions must be either protected or purged. In situations where the operating system cannot be trusted to meet object reuse requirements, an alternative is needed. In this paper, we address the object reuse problem in volatile memory. A "hard" reboot includes a power cycle, which ensures that sensitive information in volatile memory is purged, whereas a software initiated reboot does not. How call we prove that a hard reboot has occurred? To our knowledge, it is not possible for a remote entity using currently available technology, to sense whether a hard reboot has occurred oil an PC client, e.g. between communication sessions. We propose a hardware-assisted design that uses a secure coprocessor to sense the reboot type of the host platform and that maintains a Boot Odometer that tracks the sum of hard reboots that have occurred on the host. In addition, secure coprocessor services allow trustworthy attestation to a remote entity, cognizant of a previous Boot Odometer Value, that volatile memory has been purged. C1 [Vernon, Richard C.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Levin, Timothy E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Vernon, RC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. FU National Science Foundation [DUE-0114018]; [CNS-0430566] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DUE-0114018 and Grant No. CNS-0430566. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652072 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300004 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC Duong, BT Custy, EJ AF Rowe, Neil C. Duong, Binh T. Custy, E. John GP IEEE TI Fake honeypots: A defensive tactic for cyberspace SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY DE honeypots; deception; intrusion-detection systems; defense; signatures AB Cyber-attackers are becoming more aware of honeypots. They generally want to avoid honeypots since it is hard to spread attacks from them, attacks are thoroughly monitored on them, and some honeypots contain planted false information. This suggests that it could be useful for a computer system to pretend it is a honeypot, to scare away smarter attackers. We examine here front a number of perspectives how this could be accomplished as a kind of "vaccination" of systems to reduce numbers of attacks and their severity. We develop a mathematical model of what would make an attacker go away. We report experiments with deliberate distortions on text to see at what point people could detect deception, and discover they can respond to subtle clues. We also report experiments with real attackers against a honeypot of increasing obviousness. Results show that attacks on it decreased over time which may indicate that attackers are being scared away. We conclude with sonic speculation about the escalation of honeypot-antihoneypot techniques. C1 [Rowe, Neil C.; Duong, Binh T.; Custy, E. John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS-Rp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS-Rp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU NSF [DUE-0114018] FX Manuscript received on May 3, 2006. This work was supported by NSF under the Cyber Trust Program and by Grant DUE-0114018. Contact: Code CS/Rp, 833 Dyer Road, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Email: ncrowe at nps.edu, btduong at nps.edu, custy at spawar.navy.mil. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 223 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652099 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300031 ER PT B AU Armold, AD Hyla, BM Rowe, NC AF Armold, Adrian D. Hyla, Bret M. Rowe, Neil C. GP IEEE TI Automatically building an information-security vulnerability database SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY C1 [Armold, Adrian D.; Hyla, Bret M.; Rowe, Neil C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Armold, AD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU NSF under the Cyber Trust Program FX Manuscript received on May 3, 2006. This work was supported in part by NSF under the Cyber Trust Program. Contact the authors at Code CS/Rp, 833 Dyer Road, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Email: adarmold, bmhyla, and ncrowe at nps.edu. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent the U.S. Government. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 376 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652119 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300051 ER PT B AU Labbe, KG Rowe, NC Fulp, JD AF Labbe, Keith G. Rowe, Neil C. Fulp, J. D. GP IEEE TI A methodology for evaluation of host-based intrusion prevention systems and its application SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY C1 [Labbe, Keith G.; Rowe, Neil C.; Fulp, J. D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Labbe, KG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU NSF under the Cyber Trust Program FX Manuscript received on May 3, 2006. This work was supported in part by NSF under the Cyber Trust Program. Contact the authors at Code CS/Rp, 833 Dyer Road, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Email: klabbe, ncrowe, and jdfulp at nps.edu. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 378 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652120 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300052 ER PT B AU Laribee, L Barnes, DS Rowe, NC Martell, CH AF Laribee, Lena Barnes, David S. Rowe, Neil C. Martell, Craig H. GP IEEE TI Analysis and defensive tools for social-engineering attacks on computer systems SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY C1 [Laribee, Lena; Barnes, David S.; Rowe, Neil C.; Martell, Craig H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laribee, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU NSF under the Cyber Trust Program and by the Chief of Naval Operations FX This work was supported in part by NSF under the Cyber Trust Program and by the Chief of Naval Operations. Contact the authors at Code CS/Rp, 833 Dyer Road, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Email: llaribee, dsbarnes, ncrowe, and cmartell at nps.edu. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 388 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652125 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300057 ER PT S AU Salem, TE Ibitayo, D Geil, BR AF Salem, Thomas E. Ibitayo, Dimeji Geil, Bruce R. GP IEEE TI A technique for die surface temperature measurement of high-voltage power electronic components using coated thermocouple probes SO 2006 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE thermocouple probe; temperature measurement; high-voltage AB The performance capabilities of high-voltage high-power systems is significantly impacted by the thermal limitations of power electronic components. To address this issue, numerous current research efforts have been conducted to examine advanced pachaging materials and structures as well as novel cooling techniques. Critical to the success of this work is the accurate measurement and characterization of the thermal characteristics of the power electronic components. This paper presents a methodology and assessment of using coated thermocouple probes for measuring the die surface temperature of active high-voltage power electronic components. C1 [Salem, Thomas E.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ibitayo, Dimeji; Geil, Bruce R.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-0-7803-9359-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2006 BP 651 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2006.328661 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFS10 UT WOS:000244176701036 ER PT S AU Meehan, T Hicks, J Kragh, F AF Meehan, Tim Hicks, James Kragh, Frank GP IEEE TI Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection of a Bit-stuffed Data Source SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2006) CY JUN 11-15, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE AB Bit-stuffing is used in various communications protocols, typically as a way to remove ambiguity in the detection of control flags or as a method to aid clock recovery. Typically a demodulator makes hard symbol-by-symbol decisions without incorporating the knowledge that the data source is bit-stuffed. A demodulator making symbol-by-symbol decisions is clearly not optimum for a source that has been bit-stuffed. In this paper we investigate an optimum approach. We develop the maximum-likelihood sequence detector (MLSD) for a bit-stuffed data source. We start by modeling the transmitted signal as a Markov process. We then proceed to calculate approximate performance bounds for the MLSD. We then develop a trellis receiver structure and perform simulations using the Viterbi decoder algorithm. C1 [Meehan, Tim; Kragh, Frank] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hicks, James] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Meehan, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM meehan@ieee.org; James.E.Hicks@aero.org; fekragh@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-0354-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2006 BP 1514 EP 1519 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI69 UT WOS:000287032701103 ER PT B AU Kong, SG Wu, DH AF Kong, Seong G. Wu, Dong H. GP IEEE TI Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for explosive trace detection SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND PERSONAL SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Homeland Security and Personal Safety CY OCT 16-17, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE DE terahertz thne-domain spectroscopy; explosive trace detection; absorption spectrum AB This paper presents Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for stand-off detection of explosive traces. Despite several well developed explosive detection techniques available, the detection of a small amount of explosive traces is still challenging. Terahertz spectroscopy demonstrates potential for explosive detection through unique absorption spectra pattern of various kinds of explosive materials. Terahertz waves show, good penetration through many dielectric materials that are visually opaque. These characteristics promise the effectiveness of Terahertz radiation in the detection of concealed explosives. C1 [Kong, Seong G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wu, Dong H.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kong, SG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0744-6 PY 2006 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1109/CIHSPS.2006.313311 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGE73 UT WOS:000246344900009 ER PT S AU Kennell, LR Ives, RW Gaunt, RM AF Kennell, Lauren R. Ives, Robert W. Gaunt, Ruth M. GP IEEE TI Binary morphology and local statistics applied to iris segmentation for recognition SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, ICIP 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE image segmentation; image processing; image edge analysis AB One of the first steps in iris recognition is isolating (or segmenting) the iris from an image of the subject's eye area. This paper investigates new approaches for locating the pupil (inner) and limbic (outer) boundaries of the iris, namely a binary morphology and "center of mass" technique for the pupil boundary, and a local statistics approach for the limbic boundary. The methodology and results are presented using images from the University of Bath iris database. C1 [Kennell, Lauren R.; Ives, Robert W.; Gaunt, Ruth M.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kennell, LR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-0481-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2006 BP 293 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2006.313183 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA25 UT WOS:000245768500074 ER PT S AU Popovici, I Witherst, WD AF Popovici, Irina Witherst, Wm. Douglas GP IEEE TI Locating thin lines and roof edges by custom-built moments SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, ICIP 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE image edge analysis; moment methods AB The method of custom-built moments allows location of step edges in an image in parametric form, as an equation ax + by = c, using a customizable mask of almost any desired shape, or moment functions adapted to calculation in a particular basis. We adapt this method to the problem of locating both thin lines and roof edges in parametric form. C1 [Popovici, Irina; Witherst, Wm. Douglas] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Both authors were partially funded by a grant from the Office of Naval Research NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-0481-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2006 BP 753 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2006.312501 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA25 UT WOS:000245768500189 ER PT S AU Zilberman, ER Pace, PE AF Zilberman, E. R. Pace, P. E. GP IEEE TI Autonomous time-frequency morphological feature extraction algorithm for LPI radar modulation classiflcation SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, ICIP 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE time-frequency analysis; CW radar; pattern classification; multi-layer perceptrons AB An autonomous (no human operator intervention) feature extraction algorithm that can be used for classification of low probability of intercept (LPI) radar modulations using time-frequency (T-F) images is presented. The approach uses erosion and a new adaptive threshold binarization algorithm embedded within a recursive dilation process to autonomously determine the modulation energy centroid (radar's carrier frequency). The modulation is then cropped from the original T-F image and the adaptive algorithm is used again to compute a binary feature vector for input into a multi-layer perceptron classification network. Classification results for five simulated radar modulations are shown to demonstrate the feature extraction approach and quantify the performance of the algorithm. C1 [Zilberman, E. R.; Pace, P. E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Zilberman, ER (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-0481-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2006 BP 2321 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2006.312851 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA25 UT WOS:000245768501199 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM Dunbar, TW AF Esposito, Joel M. Dunbar, Thomas W. GP IEEE TI Maintaining wireless connectivity constraints for swarms in the presence of obstacles SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB The low power requirements of many small radio modems suggest that robust operation is best attained when the transmitter/receiever pair is: (1) separated by less than some maximum distance (Range); and (2) not obstructed by large dense objects (Line-of-Sight). Therefore to maintain a wireless link between two robots, it is desirable to comply with these two spatial constraints. Given a swarm of point robots with specified initial and final configurations and a set of desired communication links consistent with the above criteria, we explore the problem of designing inputs to achieve the final configuration while preserving the desired links for the duration of the motion. Some interesting conclusions about the feasibility of the problem are offered. An algorithm is provided and its operation is demonstrated through both simulation and experimentation on Koala Robots. C1 [Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dunbar, Thomas W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu; twdunbar@gmail.com FU ONR; Trident Schollar program FX The authors Was supported by ONR and the Trident Schollar program. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-9505-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2006 BP 946 EP 951 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1641831 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BFB71 UT WOS:000240886902008 ER PT S AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Dynamics-based control of robotic swarms SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE multi-robot control; robot dynamics ID MOBILE ROBOTS; VEHICLES; PLATOONS AB In this work we consider methods for dynamics-based control of swarms of cooperating differentially-driven mobile robots. The techniques developed enable the use of methods from redundant, manipulator control and show a marked improvement over equivalent kinematics-based techniques for both homogeneous and heterogeneous swarms. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-9505-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2006 BP 2763 EP 2768 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642119 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BFB71 UT WOS:000240886906008 ER PT S AU Skubic, M Anderson, D Blisard, S Perzanowski, D Schultz, A AF Skubic, Marjorie Anderson, Derek Blisard, Samuel Perzanowski, Dennis Schultz, Alan GP IEEE TI Using a qualitative sketch to control a team of robots SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE human-robot interaction; sketch-based navigation; qualitative map AB In this paper, we describe a prototype interface that facilitates the control of a mobile robot team by a single operator, using a sketch interface on a tablet PC. The user sketches a qualitative map of the scene and includes the robots in approximate starting positions. Both path and target position commands are supported as well as editing capabilities. Sensor feedback from the robots is included in the display such that the sketch interface acts as a two-way communication device between the user and the robots. The paper also includes results of a usability study, in which users were asked to perform a series of tasks. C1 [Skubic, Marjorie; Anderson, Derek; Blisard, Samuel] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Perzanowski, Dennis; Schultz, Alan] Navy Ctr Appl Res Artific Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Skubic, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N0001405WX20057] FX Funding for the project was provided in part by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under work order N0001405WX20057. The authors also thank Scott Thomas and Greg Trafton from NRL as well as Vince Cross from Auburn University for their help in conducting theusability study and analysis. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-9505-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2006 BP 3595 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642251 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BFB71 UT WOS:000240886907068 ER PT S AU Vaidyanathan, R Gupta, L Kook, H West, J AF Vaidyanathan, Ravi Gupta, Lalit Kook, Hyunseok West, James GP IEEE TI Decision fusion classification architecture for mapping of tongue movements based on aural flow monitoring SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB A complete signal processing strategy is presented to detect and precisely recognize tongue movement by monitoring changes in airflow that occur in the ear canal. Tongue movements within the human oral cavity create unique, subtle pressure signals in the ear that can be processed to produce command signals in response to that movement. The strategy developed for the human machine interface architecture includes energy-based signal detection and segmentation to extract ear pressure signals due to tongue movements, signal normalization to decrease the trial-to-trial variations in the signals, and pairwise cross-correlation signal averaging to obtain accurate estimates from ensembles of pressure signals. A new decision fusion classification algorithm is formulated to assign the pressure signals to their respective tongue-movement classes. The complete strategy of signal detection and segmentation, estimation, and classification is tested on 4 tongue movements of 4 subjects. Through extensive experiments, it is demonstrated that the ear pressure signals due to the tongue movements are distinct and that the 4 pressure signals can be classified with over 96% classification accuracies across the 4 subjects using the decision fusion classification algorithm. C1 [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Gupta, Lalit; Kook, Hyunseok] South Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [West, James] Think A Move Ltd, Beachwood 44122, OH USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-9505-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2006 BP 3610 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BFB71 UT WOS:000240886907070 ER PT S AU Hoag, JC Hayes-Roth, FA AF Hoag, John C. Hayes-Roth, Frederick A. GP IEEE TI Semantic reasoning for adaptive management of telecommunications networks SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ AB Semantics can provide the basis for problem solving in a setting such as telecommunications network management, which maintains multiple simultaneous ontologies for the same set of entities. To avoid overbuilding and to improve quality, network operators desire both a close match between application requirements and allocated resources as well as the capability to perform modifications at will. This paper presents a concept for solving the relevant problem of network resource allocation through semantic reasoning techniques and identifies three specific domains for development of common ontologies. C1 [Hoag, John C.] Ohio Univ, Sch Informat & Telecommun Syst, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hayes-Roth, Frederick A.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Operat & Infomat Sci Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hoag, JC (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Informat & Telecommun Syst, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM hoagi@ohiou.edu; hayes-roth@nps.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0099-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2006 BP 127 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2006.384370 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BGK85 UT WOS:000248078500022 ER PT S AU Fong, T Scholtz, J Shah, JA Fluckiger, L Kunz, C Lees, D Schreiner, J Siegel, M Hiatt, LM Nourbakhsh, I Simmons, R Ambrose, R Burridge, R Antonishek, B Bugajska, M Schultz, A Trafton, JG AF Fong, Terrence Scholtz, Jean Shah, Julie A. Flueckiger, Lorenzo Kunz, Clayton Lees, David Schreiner, John Siegel, Michael Hiatt, Laura M. Nourbakhsh, Illah Simmons, Reid Ambrose, Robert Burridge, Robert Antonishek, Brian Bugajska, Magda Schultz, Alan Trafton, J. Gregory GP IEEE TI A preliminary study of Peer-to-Peer Human-Robot Interaction SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ AB The Peer-to-Peer Human-Robot Interaction (P2P-HRI) project is developing techniques to improve task coordination and collaboration between human and robot partners. Our work is motivated by the need to develop effective human-robot teams for space mission operations. A central element of our approach is creating dialogue and interaction tools that enable humans and robots to flexibly support one another. In order to understand how this approach can influence task performance, we recently conducted a series of tests simulating a lunar construction task with a human-robot team. In this paper, we describe the tests performed, discuss our initial results, and analyze the effect of intervention on task performance. C1 [Fong, Terrence; Flueckiger, Lorenzo; Kunz, Clayton; Lees, David; Schreiner, John; Siegel, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shah, Julie A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hiatt, Laura M.; Nourbakhsh, Illah; Simmons, Reid] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ambrose, Robert; Burridge, Robert] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Scholtz, Jean; Antonishek, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bugajska, Magda; Schultz, Alan; Trafton, J. Gregory] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fong, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 FU NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate [HRT-ICP-04-0000-0155] FX We would like to thank Bill Bluethmann, Dan Christian, Larry Edwards, John Hu, Pavithra Rajagopalan, Eli Young, the Ames Kl 0 team and the JSC Robonaut group for their tireless efforts and contributions to this project. This work was sponsored by a grant (HRT-ICP-04-0000-0155) from the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0099-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2006 BP 3198 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2006.384609 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BGK85 UT WOS:000248078503086 ER PT S AU Barbu, C Lohrenz, M Layne, G AF Barbu, Costin Lohrenz, Maura Layne, Geary GP IEEE TI New trends in intelligent electronic navigational aids SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ ID CLASSIFIER FUSION AB The smart management of clutter is a key component in designing intelligent, next-generation user interfaces and electronic displays. Intelligent devices can enhance a user's situational awareness under adverse conditions. In this paper we present two approaches to assist a user with target detection and clutter analysis, and we suggest how these tools could be integrated with an electronic chart system. The first too], an information fusion technique, is a multiple-view generalization of AdaBoost, which can assist a user in finding a target partially obscured by display clutter. The second technique clusters geospatial features on an electronic display and determines a meaningful measure of display clutter. The clutter metric correlates with preliminary, subjective, clutter rankings. The metric can be used to warn a user if display clutter is a potential hazard for his performance. We compare the performance of the proposed techniques with recent classifier fusion strategies on a set of synthetic data. C1 [Barbu, Costin; Lohrenz, Maura; Layne, Geary] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Barbu, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM cbarbu@nrlssc.navy.mil; mlohrenz@nrlssc.navy.mil; glayne@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL [002435N] FX This work was sponsored under Program Element 002435N by the NRL 6.2 Base Program. The authors thank Dr. Marlin Gendron (NRL) for his valued assistance. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0099-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2006 BP 4614 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2006.384874 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BGK85 UT WOS:000248078505029 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR Lopez-Martinez, C AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Grunes, Mitchell R. Lopez-Martinez, Carlos GP IEEE TI Monte Carlo Evaluation of Multi-Look Effect on Entropy/Alpha/Anisotropy Parameters of Polarimetric Target Decomposition SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE component; Polarimetric SAR; Multi-looking; Target decomposition; Monte Carlo simulation AB Entropy, alpha and anisotropy (H/alpha/A) of the polarimetric target decomposition of Cloude and Pottier has been an effective and popular tool for polarimetric SAR image analysis and geophysical parameter estimation. However, multi-look processing can severely affect the values of these parameters. In this paper, a Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the multi-look effect on these parameters for various media of grass, forest and urban. The effect of pixel correlation due to over sampling, and the mixed pixel effects will also be investigated. DLR/E-SAR and JPL/AIRSAR L-band data are used in this study. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Grunes, Mitchell R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grunes, Mitchell R.; Lopez-Martinez, Carlos] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Active Remote Sensing Grp, Barcelona, Spain. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong.lee@nrl.navy.mil; clm@ieee.org RI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/J-7446-2012 OI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/0000-0002-1366-9446 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 52 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.18 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400014 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Krogagor, E Boerner, WM AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Krogagor, Ernst Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin GP IEEE TI Polarimetric Analysis of Radar Signature of a Manmade Structure SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE component; Polarimetric SAR; Radar target characterization ID DECOMPOSITION AB Identification of manmade structures from radar images has always been a difficult task, especially for single-polarization radar. Fully polarimetric radar, however, can provide detailed information on scattering mechanisms that could enable the target or the structure to be identified. Complexity remains stemming from overlaps of single bounce scattering, double bounce scattering and triple and higher order bounce scattering from various components of manmade structure that makes physical interpretation a challenge. In this paper, we will present an interesting example using polarimetric SAR data of the Great Belt Bridge, Denmark, to illustrate the capability of polarimetric SAR in analyzing radar signatures. Polarimetric target decomposition is used to differentiate the multiple bounce scatterings contained in the polarimetric SAR images. Two C-band Danish EMISAR data takes, the first obtained during the bridge's construction and the second after its completion, are used to extract the scattering characteristics of the bridge deck, bridge cables and supporting structures. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krogagor, Ernst] Danish Def Res Establ, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. [Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong.lee@nrl.navy.mil; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; ek@ddre.dk; wolfgang.m.boerner@uic.ed NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.21 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400017 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Gillis, DB Maness, SJ Montes, MJ Donato, TF Bowles, JH Korwan, TR Fusina, RA Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Gillis, David B. Maness, Shelia J. Montes, Marcos J. Donato, Timothy F. Bowles, Jeffrey H. Korwan, Ttdaniel R. Fusina, Robert A. Lamela, Gia M. Rhea, W. Joseph GP IEEE TI Modeling Coastal Waters from Hyperspectral Imagery Using Manifold Coordinates SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB In [1] [2], we introduced a direct data driven method of modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery based on Isometric Mapping [15]. More recently, we have further improved the scaling of the approach [2], making it a practical method for large-scale hyperspectral scenes. The new method ex tracts a set of data manifold coordinates that directly parameterize nonlinearities present in hyperspectral imagery, both on land and in the water column. In the water column, this is particularly important because of the nonlinear, attenuating properties of the medium. In this paper, we model hyperspectral imagery acquired by the NRL PHILLS [5] at the Indian River Lagoon, Florida in July 2004. In our previous efforts [3] using a small subset of data derived from the surf zone outside of the lagoon, dominant manifold coordinates were shown to parameterize bathymetry directly with a high degree of correlation to a radiative transfer look-lip table (LUT) approach. In the present work, we construct a full scene manifold coordinate representation and use this as the basis of a LUT for samples with known depths as determined by the SHOALS LIDAR. Sequestered test data presented to the manifold based LUT yield a mean estimated depth which differs from the LIDAR retrieved depth by less than 0.44m for depths between 0-10m with a standard deviation less than 1.2m. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Montes, Marcos J.; Donato, Timothy F.; Fusina, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 356 EP 359 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.96 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400092 ER PT S AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Schuler, D. L. Lee, J. S. Ainsworth, T. L. GP IEEE TI Polarimetric SAR Detection of Man-Made Structures Using Normalized Circular-pol Correlation Coefficients SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter from man-made structures is often quite different than scatter from predominantly natural areas. Backscatter from natural areas is often characterize by near zero values for linear-basis covariance matrix off-diagonal terms of the form < S-HV S-HH* > and < S-HV S-VV* >. A new approach is proposed to detect man-made structures using circular-pol RR-LL correlation coefficients. This method uses a normalization term, which enhances the return from man-made structures and eliminates most of the unnecessary details of the backscatter from natural areas. C1 [Schuler, D. L.; Lee, J. S.; Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.129 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400125 ER PT S AU Lin, GQ Li, L Gaiser, PW AF Lin, Guoqing Li, Li Gaiser, Peter W. GP IEEE TI SEA ICE RETRIEVALS FROM WINDSAT DATA SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE sea ice; WindSat; algorithm; NASA-TEAM ID REDUCTION AB This paper presents sea ice environmental parameter retrieval algorithms using data from WindSat, a fully polarimetric passive microwave radiometer. Sea ice concentration and age are retrieved from WindSat data by adapting NASA-TEAM (NT) algorithm, which has been operationally used for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The tie-points and weather filters are modified. The modified NT algorithm includes sea ice climatology and land contaminations. We develop an alternative algorithm to retrieve snow-layered sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere as a proxy to the enhanced NT (NT2) algorithm. We also develop algorithms using WindSat 10.7 GHz channels. Preliminary results show that modified NT and proxy NT2 algorithms work compatibly well with NT and NT2 algorithms, respectively. C1 [Lin, Guoqing] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter W.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Lin, GQ (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM garv.lin@nrl.navy.mil FU NPOESS FX This work is sponsored by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office. We thank the NRL WindSat team for providing the data. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 739 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.190 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400186 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Xiong, XX Li, RR AF Gao, Bo-Cai Xiong, Xiaoxiong Li, Rong-Rong GP IEEE TI A Study of MODIS Fire Detecting Channel Centered at 3.95-mu m SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID IDENTIFICATION AB The 3.75-mu m anal 11-mu m NOAA AVHRR channels have saturation temperatures of approximately 325 K. Although these channels allowed limited successes in estimating the sub-pixel fire temperature and fractional area coverage, the saturation problem associated with the 3.75-mu m channel over hot surfaces greatly limited the ability for such estimates. In order to overcome this problem, the MODIS instruments on board the NASA Terra and Aqua spacecrafts have both been equipped with a special fire channel centered at 3.95 mu m with a specified saturation temperature of 500 K and a nadir spatial resolution of 1 km. We have analyzed more than 30 sets of Terra and Aqua MODIS fire data sets acquired over different geographical regions, and found that very few fire pixels had the 3.95-mu m fire channel brightness temperatures greater than 450 K. We suggest that the saturation temperature of fire channels near 4 mu m for future satellite instruments with pixel sizes of about 1 km should be specified at about 450 K or even slightly lower in order to make the channels more useful for quantitative remote sensing of fires. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1100 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.284 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400279 ER PT S AU Pan, GD Burkholder, RJ Johnson, JT Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Pan, Guangdong Burkholder, Robert J. Johnson, Joel T. Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. GP IEEE TI Studies of Ocean Surface Profile Retrieval from Simulated LGA Radar Data SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID FORWARD-BACKWARD METHOD; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING; ACCELERATION AB Retrieval of one dimensional ocean surface profile information is studied through the use of S and X band radar backscattering data at low grazing incidence. The required backscatter data is obtained through the use of numerical electromagnetic scattering codes. The simulations compute backscatter at multiple frequencies in each time step, so that range-resolved radar cross sections are obtained after an FFT operation. Profile retrievals are obtained through a simple "tilted Bragg" assumption, which allows local incidence angles on the surface to be directly determined from RCS data. These local incidence angles are then translated into surface slopes, and further integrated to construct the estimated profile. Initial results from this process are reported in this paper; further studies are in progress to quantify the overall accuracy achieved as a function of various surface and sensor parameters. C1 [Pan, Guangdong; Burkholder, Robert J.; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, GD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1335 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.345 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400340 ER PT S AU Miao, LD Qi, HR Szu, H AF Miao, Lidan Qi, Hairong Szu, Harold GP IEEE TI A Thermodynamic Energy Minimization Approach to Spectral Unmixing of Remote Sensing Imagery SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; SENSED DATA; ALGORITHM AB One hurdle involved in remote sensing imagery analysis is the wide existence of mixed pixels, whose footprints cover more than one type of ground materials. The analysis of mixed pixels demands subpixel methods to identify the ground components and infer their relative proportions, a process referred to as spectral unmixiug. This paper presents a new approach to mixed pixel analysis, termed thermodynamic energy minimization (TDEM) method. The system of spectral unmixing is considered as an open information system with the measured mixed pixel as input and relative proportions as output. To find the optimal solution at the equilibrium state, we formulate an optimization problem by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy of the information system, which is derived by applying the classical maximum entropy principle to the closed system consisting of both the information system and its surrounding environment. The experimental results based on synthetic images show the effectiveness of the proposed method. C1 [Miao, Lidan; Qi, Hairong] Univ Tennessee, Elect Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Szu, Harold] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Off Naval Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Miao, LD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmiao1@utk.edu; hqi@utk.edu; szuh@gwu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1497 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.386 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400381 ER PT S AU Vesecky, JF Drake, J Laws, K Ludwig, FL Teague, CC Paduan, JD Sinton, D AF Vesecky, John F. Drake, Jessica Laws, Kenneth Ludwig, Frank L. Teague, Calvin C. Paduan, Jeffery D. Sinton, Douglas GP IEEE TI Observing Eddy Features in the Ocean Surface Wind Field by Assimilating HF Radar and Anemometer Measurements in a Wind Model SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB Strong evidence for 1040 kin scale eddies in the surface wind field over Monterey Bay, California has been presented by Archer, Ludwig et.al. using shore and buoy anemometers and satellite images. These cyclonic eddies are frequently present in the evening and early morning and are responsible for fog in the Santa Cruz area. We have previously demonstrated the ability of multifrequency HIT radar (4.8 to 21.8 MHz) to map the ocean wind field. Observations over a year time span indicate standard errors of prediction of 1.7 m/s for wind speed and 251 for direction with biases of 0.1 m/s and 0.3 degrees respectively. Here we report observation of a 10-20 km cyclonic eddy at the north end Monterey Bay. By combining HIT radar wind vector estimates with shore based anemometer data in the WOCSS surface wind field model we are able to form a detailed (5 km resolution) image of an eddy over Monterey Bay and to follow its development and decay. This particular eddy contrasts with previous eddy observations in terms of season and meteorological setting. C1 [Vesecky, John F.; Drake, Jessica; Laws, Kenneth] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ludwig, Frank L.; Teague, Calvin C.] Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paduan, Jeffery D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sinton, Douglas] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Vesecky, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM vesecky@soe.ucsc.edu; cal@nova.stanford.edu; paduan@nps.navy.mil; sinton@metsun1.met.sjsu.edu FU School of Engineering; University of California at Santa Cruz; College of Engineering at the University of Michigan by the Office of Naval Research [N00014-97-1-0375]; NOAA through the Center for Integrated Marine Technology at UC Santa Cruz [160C2936] FX This work was funded via the School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz and the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Charles Luther, Scientific Officer), Grant N00014-97-1-0375 and by NOAA through the Center for Integrated Marine Technology at UC Santa Cruz -- Grant NA 160C2936. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1856 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.479 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401071 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Davis, CO Goetz, AFH AF Gao, Bo-Cai Davis, Curtiss O. Goetz, Alexander F. H. GP IEEE TI A Review of Atmospheric Correction Techniques for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces and Ocean Color SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID AIRBORNE; ALGORITHM; AVIRIS AB The concept of imaging spectrometry, or hyperspectral imaging, was originated from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the early 1980s. Different types of imaging spectrometers have been built. Scientific data have been collected with these instruments from aircraft and satellite platforms. Because imaging spectrometer data contain absorption and scattering effects from atmospheric gases and aerosols, the atmospheric effects must be removed in order to use the data for quantitative remote sensing of land surfaces and ocean color. Over the years, the atmospheric correction algorithms have evolved from the earlier empirical line method and flat field method to more recent methods based on rigorous radiative transfer modeling. We will give an overview of hyperspectral atmospheric correction algorithms developed during the past two decades. Issues related to spectral smoothing will be discussed. Suggestions for improvements to the present atmospheric correction algorithms will be given. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, Curtiss O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Goetz, Alexander F. H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1979 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.512 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401104 ER PT S AU Davis, CO Carder, KL Gao, BC Lee, ZP Bissett, WP AF Davis, Curtiss O. Carder, Kendall L. Gao, Bo-Cai Lee, Zhong-Ping Bissett, W. Paul GP IEEE TI The Development of Imaging Spectrometry of the Coastal Ocean SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE imaging spectrometry; hyperspectral; coastal; ocean ID AVIRIS DATA; SHALLOW WATERS; BATHYMETRY; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; COLOR; ENVIRONMENTS; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB The Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on NASA's Nimbus-7 satellite (1978-1986) demonstrated the utility of ocean color measurements for studying the dynamics of the ocean. The CZCS worked well for the continental shelf and open ocean regions. However, it did not have the spectral and spatial resolution needed to deal with the complexity of the coastal ocean. With the goal of developing tools suitable for the coastal ocean we initiated studies using the Airborne Visible-InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) in 1989. This paper reviews the progress from those initial studies to the current state of imaging spectrometry for the coastal ocean. C1 [Davis, Curtiss O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carder, Kendall L.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Zhong-Ping] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bissett, W. Paul] Florida Environm Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cdavis@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NASA; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work supported by NASA and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1982 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.513 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401105 ER PT S AU Schaepman, ME Green, RO Ungar, SG Curtiss, B Boardman, J Plaza, AJ Gao, BC Ustin, S Kokaly, R Miller, JR Jacquemoud, S Ben-Dor, E Clark, R Davis, C Dozier, J Goodenough, DG Roberts, D Swayze, G Milton, EJ Goetz, AFH AF Schaepman, Michael E. Green, Robert O. Ungar, Stephen G. Curtiss, Brian Boardman, Joe Plaza, Antonio J. Gao, Bo-Cai Ustin, Susan Kokaly, Raymond Miller, John R. Jacquemoud, Stephane Ben-Dor, Eyal Clark, Roger Davis, Curtiss Dozier, Jeff Goodenough, David G. Roberts, Dar Swayze, Gregg Milton, Edward J. Goetz, Alex F. H. GP IEEE TI The Future of Imaging Spectroscopy - Prospective Technologies and Applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE imaging spectroscopy; imaging spectrometry; hyperspectral; applications; technology ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETER; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; EARTH; ORBIT; INFORMATION; SPECTRUM; LOOKING AB Spectroscopy has existed for more than three centuries now. Nonetheless, significant scientific advances have been achieved. We discuss the history of spectroscopy in relation to emerging technologies and applications. Advanced focal plane arrays, optical design, and intelligent on-board logic are prime prospective technologies. Scalable approaches in pre-processing of imaging spectrometer data will receive additional focus, Finally, we focus on new applications monitoring transitional ecological zones, where human impact and disturbance have highest impact as well as in monitoring changes in our natural resources and environment. We conclude that imaging spectroscopy enables mapping of biophysical and biochemical variables of the Earth's surface and atmospheric composition with unprecedented accuracy. C1 [Schaepman, Michael E.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Geoinformat, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ungar, Stephen G.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MA USA. [Curtiss, Brian] Analyt Spectrum Devices Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Boardman, Joe] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Plaza, Antonio J.] Univ Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Ustin, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Kokaly, Raymond; Swayze, Gregg] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Miller, John R.] York Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jacquemoud, Stephane] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Ben-Dor, Eyal] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Davis, Curtiss] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR USA. [Goodenough, David G.; Roberts, Dar] Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Goodenough, David G.] Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Milton, Edward J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Goetz, Alex F. H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schaepman, ME (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Geoinformat, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM michael.schaepman@wur.nl RI Plaza, Antonio/C-4455-2008; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Plaza, Antonio/0000-0002-9613-1659; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X FU IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of their employing institutions. We are also grateful for the support of the organizers of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Societys IGARSS conferences. A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2005 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401111 ER PT S AU Li, L Jackson, T Gaiser, P Bindlish, R Bobak, J Kunkee, D Cosh, M AF Li, L. Jackson, T. Gaiser, P. Bindlish, R. Bobak, J. Kunkee, D. Cosh, M. GP IEEE TI Polarimetric Passive Microwave Signatures and RFI Suppression during the Soil Moisture Experiment/Polarimetry Land Experiment in 2005 SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID RADIOMETER AB The Soil Moisture Experiments in 2005 (SMEX05) and Polarimetry Land experiments (POLEX) were conducted jointly by the US Naval Research Laboratory, the USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory and other cooperators in Ames, Iowa between 13 June and 3 July 2005. Leveraging upon proven methodology and existing facilities and experience from the preceding SMEX02 experiment, SMEX05/POLEX was designed to address algorithm development and validation issues related to current and future soil moisture sensor systems, including enhancement of the Aqua AMSR-E and WindSat soil moisture validation. It also encompasses three unique elements in its scientific objectives: (1) Exploration of unique polarimetric information from satellite sensors such as WindSat and CMIS for soil moisture with supporting NRL aircraft instrumentation. (2) Exploration of diurnal effects associated with soil, vegetation and atmosphere at the 6 am/6 pm observing times of WindSat, CMIS, Hydros, and SMOS. (3) Statistics and mitigation of RFI for CMIS risk reduction. In this paper, we present an overview of the experiment and some preliminary data analysis. C1 [Li, L.; Gaiser, P.; Bobak, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, T.; Bindlish, R.; Cosh, M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kunkee, D.] Aerosp Corp, Sensing & Exploitat Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NRL Ocean; Atmospheric Science and Technology Program; NPOESS Integrated Program Office; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program FX This research is supported in part by the NRL Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Program and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office. SMEX05 was also supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2036 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.527 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401119 ER PT S AU Li, RR Remer, L Kaufman, YJ Mattoo, S Gao, BC Vermote, E AF Li, Rong-Rong Remer, Lorraine Kaufman, Yoram J. Mattoo, Shana Gao, Bo-Cai Vermote, Eric GP IEEE TI Masking of Residual Snow and Ice Covered Surfaces for Improving Aerosol Retrievals From MODIS Data SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID WATER AB Aerosol particles in the atmosphere can affect climate directly by interacting with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly by their effect on cloud microphysics, albedo, and precipitation. The atmospheric aerosol products have been derived operationally from multi-channel imaging data collected with the MOderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometers (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. Through analysis of several years' MODIS aerosol products (Collection 4), we have found that the aerosol products over land are slightly contaminated by snow and ice during the springtime snow-melting season. We have developed an empirical technique using MODIS channels centered near 0.66, 0.86 and 1.24 gm and a thermal emission channel near 11 gm to mask out these snow-contaminated pixels over land. Improved aerosol retrievals have been obtained. C1 [Li, Rong-Rong; Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Remer, Lorraine; Kaufman, Yoram J.; Mattoo, Shana; Vermote, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Li, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rong-rong.li@nrl.navy.mil RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2236 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.578 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401170 ER PT S AU Seidel, FC Nieke, J Schlapfer, D Itten, KI Bowles, JH AF Seidel, Felix C. Nieke, Jens Schlaepfer, Daniel Itten, Klaus I. Bowles, Jeffrey H. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of near-UV/blue Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieval from Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID CALIBRATION AB An aerosol retrieval algorithm is currently under development in scope of the upcoming APEX hyperspectral imager. It will be able to close the gap between global remote sensing and one-dimensional in situ measurements of atmospheric particles. This paper presents a feasibility study of the proposed APEX aerosol retrieval approach for hyperspectral imagery with high spatial resolution. The extraction of a sample aerosol optical thickness is done by fitting radiation transfer model results to measured at-sensor radiances at two near-UV/blue bands (394 and 404 nm) from the PHILLS imager. The PHILLS hyperspectral data are used to simulate the APEX Visible Near-Infrared detector and comprehend a dark surface reference target to avoid most uncertainties from the surface reflection contribution. C1 [Seidel, Felix C.; Nieke, Jens; Schlaepfer, Daniel; Itten, Klaus I.] Univ Zurich, Remote Sensing Labs, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bowles, Jeffrey H.] Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seidel, FC (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Remote Sensing Labs, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM fseidel@geo.unizh.ch OI Seidel, Felix/0000-0002-4282-2198 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2247 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.581 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401173 ER PT S AU Leathers, RA Downes, TV AF Leathers, R. A. Downes, T. V. GP IEEE TI Scene-based nonuniformity correction and bad-pixel identification for hyperspectral VNIR/SWIR sensors SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE hyperspectral; calibration; digital image processing; remote sensing AB We propose and evaluate a new scene-based method for computing nonuniformity corrections for visible or short-wave infrared pushbroom sensors. This method can be used to compute new nonuniformity correction values or to repair or refine existing radiometric calibrations. We demonstrate our methods with data from several different sensor systems. C1 [Leathers, R. A.; Downes, T. V.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2373 EP 2376 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.614 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401206 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, TL Sletten, M Jansen, R Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, T. L. Sletten, M. Jansen, R. Lee, J. -S. GP IEEE TI SAR Estimation of River Surface Currents: A Sub-Aperture Analysis Approach SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Sub-aperture processing; SAR; target motion; river currents AB We present an alternative approach to the problem of estimating river currents employing single-phase center SAR systems. We use sub-aperture processing of the original single-look complex SAR imagery to produce a series of image frames. The frame-to-frame displacement of the river surface signature provides a unique means to estimate river currents. We plan to present data from the NRL research X-band SAR system. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.; Sletten, M.; Jansen, R.; Lee, J. -S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7260, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2397 EP 2399 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.621 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401213 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA Lamb, D Perkovic, D AF Hwang, Paul A. Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. Lamb, Douglas Perkovic, Dragana GP IEEE TI Wave measurements using a dual-beam interferometer near Gulf Stream boundary SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Surface waves; Gulf Stream; InSAR; Wave guide; Wave modulation ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OCEAN WAVES; CURRENTS; SPECTRA AB A dual-beam interferometric synthetic aperture radar yields two velocity components of the ocean current remotely from a single flight pass. Combining two flight passes, all three orthogonal components of the surface velocity can be retrieved. An experiment was conducted near the Gulf Stream (GS) boundary. A sharp change of the surface velocity of about 1 m/s over a 500 m distance was measured. The wave condition is dominated by a 14-s swell system and low wind velocity. The wave variance inside GS is about twice of the wave variance outside the GS in the present data set. The large difference in the wave variance is considerably higher than that can be expected from hydrodynamic modulation. An ocean current system with strong current shears such as the Gulf Stream is a wave guide and can trap waves with the right combinations of wavelengths and propagation directions. Numerical calculations indicate that the wave properties of the data set may satisfy the conditions for wave trapping by the Gulf Stream. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.; Lamb, Douglas] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perkovic, Dragana] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [NRL PE 61153, 62435]; NRL [PP/7330-06-6191] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL PE 61153 and 62435), NRL contribution PP/7330-06-6191. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2404 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.623 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401215 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Jansen, RW Luc, K Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, P. R. Jansen, R. W. Luc, K. Ainsworth, T. L. GP IEEE TI Implementation of the Time-Frequency Distribution Series for SAR Applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE joint time-frequency analysis; JTFS; SAR; Wigner-Ville Transfom; time-frequency distribution series; TFDS AB Joint Time Frequency Analysis (JTFA) of SAR imagery is a natural generalization of the sub-aperture image processing used by the remote sensing community for years. At the heart of this process is the Time-Frequency Representations (TFR's) such as the Wigner-Ville (WV) transform, which is difficult to use because of its large cross-product terms. The Time-Frequency Distribution Series (TFDS) mitigates the cross product terms by averaging in only those terms close to the signal. However, designing an efficient implementation of this series is not easy. Some of the details are explained and an example of a SAR application given. C1 [Kersten, P. R.; Jansen, R. W.; Luc, K.; Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kersten@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3587 EP 3590 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.919 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402105 ER PT B AU Anguelova, MD Bettenhausen, MH Gaiser, PW AF Anguelova, Magdalena D. Bettenhausen, Michael H. Gaiser, Peter W. GP IEEE TI Passive Remote Sensing of Sea Foam using Physically-Based Models SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE sea foam; whitecaps; sea spray; foam emissivity; microwave radiometer; sea surface spectrum; WindSat ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; OCEANIC WHITECAPS; SALT; PARTICLES; SULFATE AB Demonstrating the high variability of sea foam fraction (whitecap coverage) on the ocean surface, we justify the need for estimating foam coverage with space-based passive remote sensing as an alternative to conventional photographic measurements. We outline the concept and prove the feasibility of a method for deriving foam coverage from satellite measurements. The encouraging results of an initial implementation motivate further work addressing its drawbacks. We describe data and modeling improvements to the initial algorithm and report results on satellite-derived whitecap coverage using physically based models. C1 [Anguelova, Magdalena D.; Bettenhausen, Michael H.; Gaiser, Peter W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Anguelova, MD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM magda@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3676 EP 3679 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.942 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402128 ER PT B AU Li, L Gaiser, P Twarog, E Long, DG Albert, M AF Li, Li Gaiser, Peter Twarog, Elizabeth Long, David G. Albert, Mary GP IEEE TI WindSat Polarimetric View of Greenlandy SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE polarimetric microwavr radiometry; WindSat; snow; Greenland ID ICE-SHEET AB WindSat has systemically collected the first global passive polarimetric data over both land and ocean at three frequencies: 10.7, 18.7 and 37 GHz, including the brightness temperatures at vertical and horizontal polarizations, and the real and imaginary parts of the cross-correlation of the vertical and horizontal polarizations. Prior to the launch of WindSat, it was commonly believed that land. polarimetric signatures at satellite footprint scales are below instrumental noise levels and do not have any useful geophysical information. On the contrary, WindSat polarimetric data exhibit distinct geophysical and observation geometry signatures, particularly over Greenland and Antarctic where the signatures are related to snow accumulation, melting and metamorphism. The third and fourth Stokes parameters show well defined, large azimuth modulation which is correlated with geophysical variations, particularly with snow metamorphism, and has consistent seasonal variation. We use simple empirical models to separate and quantify such azimuthal modulations and geophysical changes. By comparing the temporal variations of harmonic coefficients and brightness temperature signatures in vertical and horizontal polarization channels, we find that both volume and surface scattering have important contributions to the polarimetric signature. Such signatures are relatively weak in the summer, when sastrugi are small and surface scattering is significant, and are strongest in spring, when the sastrugi are larger and volume scattering is important. C1 [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter; Twarog, Elizabeth] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li.li@nrl.navy.mil RI Long, David/K-4908-2015 OI Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3824 EP 3827 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.980 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402166 ER PT S AU Donato, TF Chen, W Mied, RP Grove, A Waxrnan, AM Fay, DA AF Donato, Timothy F. Chen, Wei Mied, Richard P. Grove, Alan Waxrnan, Allen M. Fay, David A. GP IEEE TI Velocity Estimation in Tidal Rivers Using a Combined Rule-Based Feature Extraction and Feature Tracking Approach. SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE currents; maximum cross-correlation; feature taxonomy; color opponet vision; neural network ID SURFACE CURRENTS; IMAGERY AB Accurately estimating riverine currents is a formidable task, requiring high-fidelity spatial and temporal observations. In this study, we present an integrated methodology for the determination of currents in tidal rivers and estuaries combining MCC with well-established image processing techniques for feature extraction and tracking, based on neural networks and color-opponent vision. A novel element of this work is the application of a rule based approach for the separation of Lagrangian from non-Lagrangian features. Compared to output non-hydrostatic barotropic model rule-based feature extractors provide a better estimate of current extent, magnitude and direction than the direct application on the MCC method to single band imagery. C1 [Donato, Timothy F.; Chen, Wei; Mied, Richard P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grove, Alan; Waxrnan, Allen M.; Fay, David A.] BAE Syst Adv Informat Technol, Fus Technol & Syst Div, Burlington, MA USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NRL; ONR [N0001406WX30002]; ONR through the Littoral Zone Feature Taxonomy and Assisted Feature Extraction Tools Program [N0001406WX20003] FX W. C. & R. P. M. were supported by NRL through funding provided by ONR (N0001406WX30002). T.F. D.., A.G, A.M. W. & D.A. F. were supported by ONR through the Littoral Zone Feature Taxonomy and Assisted Feature Extraction Tools Program (N0001406WX20003). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3875 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.994 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402180 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Jansen, RW Luc, K Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, P. R. Jansen, R. W. Luc, K. Ainsworth, T. L. GP IEEE TI Scene Analysis of SAR Images using Joint Time-Frequency Analysis SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA); SAR; Wigner-Ville Transform; time-frequency (TF); moving targets; focus tool. AB SAR image formation assumes the returns are from stationary objects; however, if the objects move they appear displaced and distorted because the phases needed to focus the object are incorrect. One method to obtain the phase correction to focus the object is interactive search. Another method obtains if one knows the motion of the object. Conversely, for some conditions, one can estimate the object motion from the blurred image. This paper examines a SAR image of two craft moving in an azimuth direction and applies three time-frequency methods to focus the objects and determine the craft's velocity-profile. C1 [Kersten, P. R.; Jansen, R. W.; Luc, K.; Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kersten@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 4176 EP 4179 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1071 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402257 ER PT S AU Abramson, M Chao, W Mittu, R AF Abramson, Myriam Chao, William Mittu, Ranjeev GP IEEE TI Training coordination proxy agents SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORK PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network CY JUL 16-21, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE AB Delegating the coordination role to proxy agents can improve the overall outcome of the task at the expense of cognitive overload due to switching subtasks. Stability and commitment are characteristics of human teamwork but must not prevent the detection of better opportunities. In addition, coordination proxy agents must be trained from examples as a single agent but must interact with multiple agents. We apply machine learning techniques to the task of learning team preferences from mixed-initiative interactions and compare the outcome results of different simulated user patterns. This paper introduces a novel approach for the adjustable autonomy of coordination proxies based on the reinforcement learning of abstract actions. C1 [Abramson, Myriam; Chao, William; Mittu, Ranjeev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abramson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM myriam.abramson@nrl.navy.mil; chao@itd.nrl.navy.mil; ranjeev.mittu@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-0-7803-9490-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2006 BP 262 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW67 UT WOS:000245125900040 ER PT B AU Stahlbush, RE Liu, KX Twigg, ME AF Stahlbush, Robert E. Liu, Kendrick X. Twigg, Mark E. GP IEEE TI Effects of dislocations and stacking faults on the reliability of 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 44TH ANNUAL SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE BPD; stacking fault; V(f) drift; SiC; dislocation; PiN; electroluminescence; Shockley fault ID I-N-DIODES; DEVICES; EPITAXY; VOLTAGE; BIAS AB Silicon carbide has numerous advantages for fabricating power devices compared to silicon including a 3X larger bandgap, higher internal breakdown field and higher thermal conductivity. However, there are a number of material and processing problems that must be overcome before SiC devices are reliable and commercially viable. A major material problem impeding the development of reliable PiN diodes is the formation of stacking faults during forward-biased operation, which causes the forward voltage to drift upward. The origin of the stacking faults, how they affect the electrical behavior and progress in reducing stacking faults are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6881, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9498-4 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2006 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2006.251196 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BFB59 UT WOS:000240855800011 ER PT B AU Strauss, B AF Strauss, Bill GP IEEE TI The onboard commercial aircraft in-flight RF environment SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE RF electromagnetic environment; EME; aircraft; spectrum; cell phones; PEDs; interference AB A program that measured the in-flight RF spectrum on 37 revenue flights of commercial aircraft cabins is described. The spectrum monitoring was performed from gate-to-gate in selected aviation critical and personal electronics frequency bands over the period from September 23 through November 19, 2003. The commercial aircraft in-flight RF environment for two critical navigation frequency bands, VOR and Global Positioning System (GPS) and four consumer electronics frequency ranges are reported. A brief analysis of the GPS band data is presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Strauss, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706299 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100049 ER PT B AU Brezinski, B Kempf, D Scully, R AF Brezinski, Buzz Kempf, Diane Scully, Robert GP IEEE TI Shielding measurements of the Space Shuttle (part I - meeting the test challenge) SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB The Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) at Pax River teamed with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to perform a shielding test of the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter "Endeavour." Pax River was responsible for testing in the high frequency range up to 18 GHz. NASA imposed some very tight limitations on the time allotted to perform the test and the amount of power that could be radiated during the performance of the test. This required Pax River to perform much development work on our existing shielding effectiveness test method using reverberation techniques in order to meet NASA's needs. This paper discusses the method in detail and describes the development work and its validation. C1 [Brezinski, Buzz; Kempf, Diane] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Brezinski, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100088 ER PT B AU Kempf, D Brezinski, B Scully, R AF Kempf, Diane Brezinski, Buzz Scully, Robert GP IEEE TI Shielding measurements of the Space Shuttle (part II - testing the NASA Endeavour) SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB Testing was conducted on the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter, Endeavour, to determine the high frequency shielding capability of three major cavities; the flight deck, the mid-deck/crew quarters and the payload bay. Testing was performed using highly modified reverberation techniques. The hangar at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center served as the "reverberation chamber" for the spacecraft. An account of the test method is presented in detail, along with setup diagrams, photos, and graphs of the shielding measurements. C1 [Kempf, Diane; Brezinski, Buzz] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Kempf, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706342 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100089 ER PT B AU Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A Wieselthier, JE AF Nguyen, Gam D. Ephremides, Anthony Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. GP IEEE TI On capture in random-access systems SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Informat Theory Soc, USN, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Microsoft Res, Natl Nat Sci Fdn ID PERFORMANCE; ALOHA AB Under power-based capture, a transmission is correctly decoded at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions, if the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) exceeds a threshold b >= 0. Studies on capture are often limited to the case b > 1. In this paper, we study capture for systems with arbitrary b >= 0, i.e., our formulation includes both wide-band (0 <= b <= 1) and narrow-band (b > 1) systems. We also point out some ambiguity from the existing literature on capture analysis. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Naval Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0505-3 PY 2006 BP 2072 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2006.261915 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFX53 UT WOS:000245289704024 ER PT B AU Luke, BL Pace, PE AF Luke, Brian L. Pace, Phillip. E. GP IEEE TI N-sequence RSNS redundancy analysis SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Informat Theory Soc, USN, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Microsoft Res, Natl Nat Sci Fdn ID SYMMETRICAL NUMBER SYSTEM AB Without dispute, symmetrical folding waveforms are the most common type of waveform in engineering science (e.g., cosine, sine). Symmetrical number systems (SNS) have been formed to extract the maximum amount of information from symmetrically folded waveforms. The Robust Symmetrical Number System (RSNS) is formed using N >= 2 sequences and ensures that two successive RSNS vectors differ by only one digit. This Gray-code property reduces the possibility of encoding errors and makes the RSNS useful in applications such as folding analog-to-digital converters, direction finding antenna architectures and photonic processors. This paper determines the length of combined sequences that contain no ambiguities (M) which we call the RSNS dynamic range. The position of M is also derived. We first extend our two-sequence results to develop M for a three-sequence RSNS with moduli of the form 2(r) - 1, 2(r), 2(r) + 1. We then extend the results to solving the N-channel RSNS redundancy locations in general. C1 [Luke, Brian L.] Navy Informat Operat Command Suitland, Program Dev Team, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Pace, Phillip. E.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luke, BL (reprint author), Navy Informat Operat Command Suitland, Program Dev Team, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM lukebri@niwa.navy.mil; pepace@nps.edu FU U. S. O <^>ce of Naval Research; Missile Defense Agency FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. O <^>ce of Naval Research, Code 313, Arlington VA and the Missile Defense Agency. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0505-3 PY 2006 BP 2744 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2006.261561 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFX53 UT WOS:000245289705064 ER PT B AU Fergurson, EW Flenner, A Hewer, G Murata, Y AF Fergurson, Earl W. Flenner, Arjuna Hewer, Gary Murata, Yoko GP IEEE TI Locating peaks in proteomic mass spectral data using the Morel-Helmholtz principle SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY AUG 28-30, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE proteomics; peak detection; disease diagnostics; bioinformatics ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; OVARIAN-CANCER; SERUM; SPECTROMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; PATTERNS; TOOLS AB Proteomics is a rapidly emerging field of research that will help identify and characterize the complex proteins that are responsible for the function of complex biological systems. For detection and identification of separated components, mass spectrometry is evolving to be the method-of-choice because of its high sensitivity and its ability to characterize the individual components. Analysis of biological sample will typically generate a protein mass fingerprint of the various constitutive components, with the component mass expressed as mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and the relative abundance of each component as the peak height. However reliably finding protein peaks with small relative abundance has been a difficult signal processing task, and many of the currently used techniques require many arbitrary parameters. This paper investigates the application of the Morel-Helmholtz principle, a single parameter method, to mass spectrometry signal processing. A comparison of the Morel-Helmholtz peak finding method with a thresholding method demonstrates that using the false alarm rate of one per interval will detect peaks that can optimally classify mass spectrometry data equally well as a well chosen threshold. C1 [Fergurson, Earl W.; Murata, Yoko] Sun BioMed Techonol, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Flenner, Arjuna; Hewer, Gary] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Signal & Image Proc, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Fergurson, EW (reprint author), Sun BioMed Techonol, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9753-8 PY 2006 BP 217 EP + DI 10.1109/ISSPIT.2006.270800 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGB03 UT WOS:000245867900042 ER PT B AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Pchelnikov, Y Levush, B Cooke, SJ Manheimer, W AF Chernin, D. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Pchelnikov, Y. Levush, B. Cooke, S. J. Manheimer, W. GP IEEE TI Linearity of the transverse field interaction in a traveling wave tube SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE traveling wave tube; transverse interaction; spent beam; intermodulation products; linearity; efficiency C1 [Chernin, D.; Antonsen, T. M., Jr.; Pchelnikov, Y.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Levush, B.; Cooke, S. J.; Manheimer, W.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chernind@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research University of Maryland,College Park, MD Consultant Retired FX Work supported by US Office of Naval Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD Consultant Retired NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666167 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200010 ER PT B AU Calame, JP Garven, M Lobas, D Myers, RE Wood, F Abe, DK AF Calame, J. P. Garven, M. Lobas, D. Myers, R. E. Wood, F. Abe, D. K. GP IEEE TI Broadband microwave and W-Band characterization of BeO-SiC and AIN-based lossy dielectric composites for vacuum electronics SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE ceramics; instabilities; dielectrics AB The complex dielectric permittivity properties of lossy ceramic materials used in vacuum electronics are presented. The studies include broadband room temperature behavior in the 0.1-18 GHz range and in W-Band (75-110 GHz). Variable temperature measurements ofselected materials at 94 GHz are also presented. C1 [Calame, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garven, M.; Lobas, D.; Myers, R. E.; Wood, F.; Abe, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU Office of Naval Research [VA22122] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research M.Garven, R.E. Myers, and F. Wood are with ATK Mission Research Corporation, Newington, VA22122. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666172 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200015 ER PT B AU Battat, J Calame, JP AF Battat, J. Calame, J. P. GP IEEE TI Analysis of the complex dielectric permittivity behavior of composites based on Al2O3/AIN and precursor-derived-SiC in the 1 MHz-18GHz frequency range SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Battat, J.; Calame, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Fax: 202-767-1280, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Battat, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fax: 202-767-1280, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM battat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by the Office of Naval Research NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 39 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666173 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200016 ER PT B AU Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, RE AF Qiu, J. X. Abe, D. K. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Danly, B. G. Levush, B. Myers, R. E. GP IEEE TI Wideband linear and nonlinear distortion mitigation of a mismatched Ka-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE TWTA; nonlinear distortion; mismatch; linearization; predistortion; equalization AB Predistortion techniques for correcting the wideband linear and nonlinear distortion in a mismatched coupled-cavity TWT are described. The mismatch in the TWT is caused by previous damage to the circuit. C1 [Qiu, J. X.; Abe, D. K.; Danly, B. G.; Levush, B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Myers, R. E.] ATK Miss Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666186 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200029 ER PT B AU Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Antonsen, TM Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Cooke, SJ Levush, B AF Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Nguyen, Khanh T. Pershing, Dean E. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Using large signal code TESLA for wide band klystron simulations SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE klystrons; large signal simulations; multi-gap multi-mode resonators AB Large signal klystron simulation code TESLA has been developed to be suitable for simulations of wide band klystrons with two-gap two-mode resonators. The results of TESLA simulations for NRL S-bans MBK with extended bandwidth have been compared with predictions of electromagnetic code HFSS and PIC code MAGIC. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 11710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Pershing, Dean E.] Mission Res Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 11710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM alexander.n.vlasov@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by US Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666193 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200036 ER PT B AU Petillo, J DeFord, J Nelson, E Jensen, K Levush, B AF Petillo, J. DeFord, J. Nelson, E. Jensen, K. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Application of the finite-element MICHELLE beam optics code to RF gun modeling SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE beam formation; beam optics; charge exchange; computer-aided design (CAD); electron gun; ion plasma; ion thrusters; MICHELLE; multistage depressed collector; multibeam gun; object-oriented design; Voyager ID ELECTRON-GUN AB RF guns and density modulated guns that encompass photocathodes and inductive output tube sources are difficult to model but continue to be at the forefront of solutions to many applications. Modeling these density-modulated beam sources requires a high degree of computational mesh resolution to resolve geometrical features, or simply fine spatial scale phenomena. This paper presents the application of the MICHELLE code to such devices. C1 [Petillo, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 20 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [DeFord, J.] Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. [Nelson, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jensen, K.; Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 20 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666195 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200038 ER PT B AU Atkinson, J Begum, R Chee, M Levush, B Petillo, J AF Atkinson, J. Begum, R. Chee, M. Levush, B. Petillo, J. GP IEEE TI Michelle code usage and validation at CPI SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE Michelle; gridded gun; depressed collector; thermionic correction; secondaries AB Two Michelle' models are described and results compared to practical measurements. The two models are of a gridded electron gun and a two stage depressed collector with secondary emission included. C1 [Atkinson, J.; Begum, R.; Chee, M.] Commun & Power Ind, 811 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Atkinson, J (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind, 811 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM john.atkinson@cpii.com FU ONR; IRD FX This work was partially supported by ONR and IR&D. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 85 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666196 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200039 ER PT B AU DeFord, J Held, B Chernyakova, L Petillo, J Levush, B AF DeFord, J. Held, B. Chernyakova, L. Petillo, J. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Optimization of multistage collectors using the MICHELLE code within the analyst modeling framework SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE optimization; depressed collectors; finite-element modeling AB Using the MICHELLE Gun and Collector code linked to the Analyst finite-element modeling package, we have investigated the use of direct-search and statistical optimization strategies in the design of depressed collectors. Results of our work on an idealized device show that substantial improvements in efficiency can be realized using these methods. C1 [DeFord, J.; Held, B.; Chernyakova, L.] Simulat Tech & Appl Res Inc, 11520 N Port Washington Rd,Ste 201, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. [Petillo, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeFord, J (reprint author), Simulat Tech & Appl Res Inc, 11520 N Port Washington Rd,Ste 201, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. EM john.deford@staarinc.com; jpetillo@bos.saic.com; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 87 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666197 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200040 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Cahay, M AF Jensen, Kevin L. Cahay, Marc GP IEEE TI A general thermal-field emission equation SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE field emission; thermal emission; image charge potential; electron sources; Richardson equation; Fowler Nordheim equation AB A general emission equation, which contains as its asymptotic limits both the Richardson (thermal emission) and the Fowler Nordheim (field emission) equations, is developed. The general thermal-field equation performs over a range of temperatures, fields, and workfunction values where the asymptotes are degraded. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cahay, Marc] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office and the Office ofNaval Research FX KLJ gratefully acknowledges the Joint Technology Office and the Office ofNaval Research for supporting this work, D. Feldman and P. G. O'Shea for discussions. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666202 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200045 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY Jordan, N AF Jensen, Kevin L. Lau, Y. Y. Jordan, Nicholas GP IEEE TI A study of macroscopic emission non-uniformity in thermionic cathodes due to profilimetry variation SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE dispenser cathode; emission non-uniformity; field-enhanced thermionic emission AB We develop a model to show that the micronscale ridges due to surface machining of thermionic dispenser cathodes may cause significant angular variations in the macroscopic current density on ringshaped cathodes as are commonly used in gyrotrons. The local field enhancement caused by the ridges resulting from machining gives an angular variation in current that may be pronounced. An explanation in terms of wobble of the cathode during machining and the eccentricity of the cathode cross-section can explain much of the observed variation. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.; Lau, Y. Y.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lau, Y. Y.; Jordan, Nicholas] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn, Rad Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU AFOSR; ONR; JTO FX We thank Rick Temkin (MIT) and Lawrence Ives for interesting discussions; J.Calame (NRL), P.G.O'Shea, D.W.Feldman, and N.A. Moody (UMD) for very helpful discussions. This work was supported by AFOSR, ONR and JTO. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 101 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666204 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200047 ER PT B AU Danly, BG Petillo, JJ Qiu, JX Levush, B AF Danly, B. G. Petillo, J. J. Qiu, J. X. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Sheet-beam electron gun design for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave vacuum electronic sources SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE sheet beams; sheet beam sources; sheet beam guns; orotron; clinitron; backward wave oscillators; sources; sheet beam formation; beam optics; MICHELLE; Voyager AB We investigate the application ofsheet beams to slowwave sources as a means to increase output power. Our interest is for compact vacuum electronic devices in the millimeter and submillimeter regimes. We consider previous work done on orotrons, clinitrons & backward wave oscillators, and investigate methods to enhance operation into the submillimeter region of the spectrum We use MICHELLE to model similar to 40 micron thin sheet beams for such devices. C1 [Danly, B. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, J. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Qiu, J. X.; Levush, B.] US Naval Res Lab, Vaccum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM danly@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666211 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200054 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KT Abe, DK Pershing, DE Levush, B AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Abe, David K. Pershing, Dean E. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Estimation of cold characteristics for fundamental-mode MBK cavities SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE multiple-beam klystron; MBK; single-gap cavity; R/Q AB We describe the development of simple formulae to accurately estimate the R/Q's in single-gap, fundamental-mode MBK cavities and to describe their sensitivity to radius andfrequency. These equations can be very useful in the initial design process and can lead to robust cavity designs that are relatively insensitive to manufacturing tolerances. C1 [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pershing, Dean E.] ATK Mis Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666266 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200109 ER PT B AU Fliflet, AW Gold, SH Bruce, RW Lewis, D AF Fliflet, A. W. Gold, S. H. Bruce, R. W. Lewis, D., III GP IEEE TI Temperature profiles in ceramic cylinders produced by microwave and millimeter-wave heating SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE ceramics; millimeter-waves; microwave processing AB To investigate the internal temperature profiles produced in ceramic workpieces during microwave processing we analyze the heating of ceramic cylinders by a plane-wave RF beam for frequencies in the microwave and millimeter-wave regimes. The analysis includes the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties, an effect that can dramatically alter the microwave coupling during the heating process. To approximate the continuous variation of dielectric properties and temperatures, the cylinder was subdivided into thin tubular regions. The nonlinear heat conduction equation is solved by an iterative process. C1 [Fliflet, A. W.; Gold, S. H.; Bruce, R. W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruce, R. W.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 385 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666344 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200187 ER PT B AU Chernin, D Dialetis, D Antonsen, TM Legarra, J Qiu, J Levush, B AF Chernin, D. Dialetis, D. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Legarra, J. Qiu, J. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Validation studies for CHRISTINE-CC using a Ka-band coupled-cavity TWT SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE coupled-cavity TWT; large signal simulation; code validation C1 [Chernin, D.; Dialetis, D.; Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Legarra, J.] CPI Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Qiu, J.; Levush, B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chernind@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by US Office of Naval Research NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 399 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666351 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200194 ER PT B AU Moody, NA Jensen, KL Fledman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Moody, N. A. Jensen, K. L. Fledman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. GP IEEE TI Experimental validation of a photoemission model for end-to-end beam simulations and custom photocathode designs SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE QE; dispenser cathode; photoinjection AB This paper outlines the experimental techniques used to validate a photoemission model applied to metals with sub-monolayer alkali coatings. Essential features of the model are highlighted and its results are compared to experiment. Cesium was deposited in-situ on tungsten and silver polycrystalline substrates while quantum efficiency (QE) was measured as a function of surface coverage and other parameters. Good qualitative agreement with theory is demonstrated and significant differences in quantitative comparisons are addressed. C1 [Moody, N. A.; Fledman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] ESTD, Naval Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU ONR; JTO FX We thank C. Sinclair, J. Lewellen, D. Nguyen, an D. Dowell for discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support provided by ONR and JTO. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 429 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666366 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200209 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Yater, JE Butler, JE Feldman, DW Moody, N O'Shea, PG AF Shaw, J. L. Yater, J. E. Butler, J. E. Feldman, D. W. Moody, N. O'Shea, P. G. GP IEEE TI Scanning photoemission microscopy of photo-cathode surfaces SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE emission microscope; cold cathode; photoemission; negative electron affinity AB We describe a scanning photoemission microscope using afocused laser beam. We find the system can provide photoemission images with similar to 10 mu m resolution. Images of Cs deposited in local areas on clean p-GaAs showed that the Cs does not move significantly even when heated to 450C. C1 [Shaw, J. L.; Yater, J. E.; Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; Moody, N.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 431 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666367 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200210 ER PT B AU Yater, JE Shaw, JL Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Moody, N O'Shea, PG AF Yater, J. E. Shaw, J. L. Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. Moody, N. O'Shea, P. G. GP IEEE TI Photoelectron emission and secondary electron emission characteristics of cesiated p-type GaN SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE photoemission; secondary electrons; GaN; negative electron affinity; photocathode AB The emission characteristics of a cesiated ptype GaN sample are examined as a function of surface treatment, time following cesiation, and sample heating. The yield and energy distribution of both photoemitted electrons and secondary electrons are examined and correlated with the GaN surface properties. C1 [Yater, J. E.; Shaw, J. L.; Jensen, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; Moody, N.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joan.yater@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 433 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666368 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200211 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Yater, JE Butler, JE AF Shaw, J. L. Yater, J. E. Butler, J. E. GP IEEE TI Diamond technology for high current density patterned cathodes SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE cold cathode; diamond; negative electron affinity; freestanding film; electron beam ID TRANSMISSION; FILMS AB We consider the material quality requirements, potential performance, andfabrication processes needed to create a cold cathode from a freestanding diamond film, irradiatedfrom the backside with an electron beam. C1 [Shaw, J. L.; Yater, J. E.; Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 437 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666370 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200213 ER PT B AU Dialetis, D Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B AF Dialetis, D. Chernin, D. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI An improved treatment of AC space charge fields in large signal simulation codes SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE space charge field; reduction factor; bunching; simulation C1 [Dialetis, D.; Chernin, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Levush, B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dialetis, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chernind@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD FX Work supported by US Office of Naval Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 439 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666371 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200214 ER PT B AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Anderson, TM Cooke, SJ Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Anderson, Thomas M., Jr. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Large-signal code TESLA: Improvements in the implementation and in the model SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE large-signal hybrid code; high-power klystron amplifiers; Fortran-90/95; slow and reflected particles ID MULTIPLE-BEAM KLYSTRON; S-BAND; SIMULATION AB We describe the latest improvements made in the large-signal code TESLA, which include transformation of the code to a Fortran-90195 version with dynamical memory allocation and extension of the model for more accurate treatment of slow and reflected particles. C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Vlasov, Alexander N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Div Appl Sci, 1710 SAIC Dr,MS T2-3-1, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Anderson, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Div Appl Sci, 1710 SAIC Dr,MS T2-3-1, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM igor.a.chernyavskiy@saic.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 441 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666372 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200215 ER PT B AU Kishek, RA Abe, DK Chernin, D Petillo, JJ Levush, B AF Kishek, Rami A. Abe, David K. Chernin, David Petillo, John J. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Design study of a permanent-magnet quadrupole focusing lattice for a mm-wave traveling wave tube SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE magnetic focusing; permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ); periodic permanent magnet (PPM); traveling-wave tube; linear beam; beam transport AB Linear beam tubes have traditionally relied on axisymmetric solenoidal or PPMfocusing to transversely confine the electron beam. In the particle accelerator community, however, it is well-known that alternating gradient focusing using sequences of quadrupole magnets, known as "strong focusing", is capable of transporting more currentfor comparablefield strengths [1]. At mm-wavelengths, a key limitation to the peak and average power of vacuum electronics devices stems from the dijjiculty of control and confinement of high-current density beams. In this paper we summarize an ongoing design study of a strong-focusing lattice employing permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) capable of transporting a sub-mm radius electron beam for vacuum electronics applications. The study has the aim of producing a practical design for an experimental study at NRL for comparing quadrupole lattices with standard ones based on solenoidal periodic permanent magnets (PPMs). In addition, a design code and methodologyfor designing these PMQ channels is under development. C1 [Kishek, Rami A.; Chernin, David; Petillo, John J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kishek, Rami A.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kishek, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 451 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666377 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200220 ER PT B AU Antonsen, TM Cooke, SJ Levush, B Pchelnikov, YN AF Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Pchelnikov, Yuri N. GP IEEE TI Axial vs transverse bunching in sheet beam TWTs SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE sheet-beam; traveling-wave-tube; linear theory ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB We describe the linear theory for interaction between a sheet electron beam and a traveling wave, including space-charge effects, for both axial and transverse bunching. C1 [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, SAIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pchelnikov, Yuri N.] SloWaves Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Antonsen, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, SAIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM antonsen@umd.edu RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 483 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666393 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200236 ER PT B AU Cooke, SJ Levush, B Antonsen, TM AF Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. GP IEEE TI A coupled-cavity slow-wave structure for sheet-beam devices SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE sheet-beam; slow-wave structure AB We describe a novel sheet-beam slow-wave interaction structure based on a coupled-cavity geometry. C1 [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 487 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666395 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200238 ER PT B AU Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Jensen, K AF Nelson, Eric M. Petillo, John J. Jensen, Kevin GP IEEE TI New and improved emission models in the finite-element gun code MICHELLE SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE gun code; beam optics code; space-charge-limited; emission; photoemission ID ELECTRON-GUN AB We continue to research and develop better emission models for gun codes. We describe our recent efforts to improve the thermal aspects of space-chargelimited emission, the transition from temperature-limited emission to space-charge-limited emission, and photoemission. C1 [Nelson, Eric M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Jensen, Kevin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 501 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666402 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200245 ER PT B AU Calame, JP Levush, B AF Calame, J. P. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Simulated impact of non-linear memory effects on digital communications in a klystron SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE klystron; distortion; nonlinearity AB The results of passing digital communications signals through a J-D physics-based klystron model are presented and compared to the series block model. Nonlinear memory effects are shown to be important at high data rates near saturation. C1 [Calame, J. P.; Levush, B.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW,Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW,Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 523 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666413 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200256 ER PT B AU Collins, GE Haes, A Lu, Q Giordano, B AF Collins, Greg E. Haes, Amanda Lu, Qin Giordano, Braden GP IEEE TI Lab on a chip sensor platform for explosives and CBW toxin detection SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, CONTRABAND DETECTION & PERSONAL SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Measurement Systems CY OCT 18-19, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE TAB TCB DE lab on a chip; capillaty electrophoresis; antiboay; aptainer; ricin; explosives; staphylococcus entertoxin B; inicrochip; displacement immunoassay; alkaloids ID ELECTROPHORESIS MICROCHIP; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS AB There has been significant interest in the adaptation of lab on a chip devices for the separation and detection of chemical and biological toxins. Potential toxic and/or hazardous analytes of concern in our program include BWA protein toxins, e.g., SEB and ricin, ingestible CW toxins, e.g alkaloids and rat poisons, and nitroaromatic explosives indicative of IED's. Discussion will center around our efforts to enhance sensitivity and selectivity on a microchip ky incorporation of micro-solid-phase extraction, microchip bubble-cell long pathlength UV detection,organically-modified sol-gel materials for electrochromatography, protein recognition aptamers, and microfluidic-based displacement immunoassays. C1 [Collins, Greg E.; Lu, Qin; Giordano, Braden] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Haes, Amanda] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0240-3 PY 2006 BP 2 EP + DI 10.1109/MSHS.2006.314338 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGE90 UT WOS:000246364200001 ER PT S AU Ohlmeyer, EJ AF Ohlmeyer, Ernest J. GP IEEE TI Analysis of an Ultra-Tightly Coupled GPS/INS system in jamming SO 2006 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location, and Navigation Symposium CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Coronado, CA SP IEEE, ION AB The performance of an Ultra-Tightly Coupled (UTC) Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) is evaluated using a system simulation of the GPS receiver and navigation processing. The UTC system being analyzed uses a bank of pre-filters to estimate code delay error and Doppler frequency error for each satellite. These outputs are sent to a central Kalman navigation filter. This central processor generates estimates of inertial navigation position, velocity, and attitude errors; IMU biases; and user clock errors, which are used to correct the navigation solution. In the UTC approach, outputs from the central navigation processor, after projection into satellite line-of-sight coordinates, are used to control the code and carrier replica signals for each satellite channel. In contrast, a conventional tightly coupled GPS/INS system uses separate tracking loops for each satellite channel, which operate autonomously. As a result, the UTC design is considered more robust to jamming and vehicle dynamics. Closed-loop UTC navigation performance is evaluated over a realistic precision guided munition (PGM) scenario in the presence of broadband jamming directed against the GPS system. A realistic IMU error model is assumed, and UTC performance is evaluated over a range of jamming levels. Some preliminary conclusions are then formed about the effectiveness of the UTC approach. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ohlmeyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 0-7803-9453-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2006 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1109/PLANS.2006.1650586 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFG11 UT WOS:000241665600007 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. GP IEEE TI High-finesse micromachined fabry-perot cavities with Silicon/Air DBR mirrors SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID RESONATOR AB Micromachined Fabry-Perot cavities with cryogenically-etched silicon/air DBR mirrors and integrated SOI rib waveguides are demonstrated. Various devices exhibit Q=10774, FHWM=0.15nm, finesse=196, FSR=81.7nm and DBR mirror reflectance R=0.985. Thermo-optic tuning over 6.7nm is also demonstrated. C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.; Stievater, Todd H.; Rabinovich, William S.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcelwy@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship; Naval Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while the author (M. Pruessner) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 46 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.278811 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900024 ER PT S AU Huang, JYT Xu, D Park, JH Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Huang, J. Y. T. Xu, D. Park, J. H. Mawst, L. J. Kuech, T. F. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI GaAsSbN/GaAs Sb/InP type-II quantum wells for Mid-IR emission SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID LASERS; WAVELENGTH; DIODE AB Incorporation of nitrogen into GaAsSb/InP quantum wells leads to bandgap narrowing and allows for GaAsSbN/GaAsSb/InP type-II "W"QW structures with potential of achieving emission in the 2-3 mu m wavelength region. C1 [Huang, J. Y. T.; Xu, D.; Park, J. H.; Mawst, L. J.; Kuech, T. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, JYT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU Army Research Office (ARO) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) [W911NF-05-1-0262]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0355442] FX Manuscript received October 30, 2006; revised June 14, 2007. This work was supported in part by the Army Research Office (ARO) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) under Grant W911NF-05-1-0262 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-0355442. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 182 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900092 ER PT S AU Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR AF Condon, Nicholas J. O'Connor, Shawn Bowman, Steven R. GP IEEE TI Growth and mid-infrared laser performance of Er3+: KPb2CI5 SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB High-quality single crystals of Er3+:KPb2Cl5 have been grown by a novel modification of the Bridgman method. These crystals show excellent laser performance at 4.6 mu m. C1 [Condon, Nicholas J.; O'Connor, Shawn; Bowman, Steven R.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Condon, NJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 743 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.278963 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900374 ER PT B AU Rose, LA Bobak, JP Gaiser, PW Anguelova, MD Dowgiallo, DJ Asher, WE AF Rose, L. A. Bobak, J. P. Gaiser, P. W. Anguelova, M. D. Dowgiallo, D. J. Asher, W. E. GP IEEE TI Azimuthal variation of the emissivity of foam from C and X band polarimetric measurements SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE EMISSIVITY; SEA AB Sea foam increases surface emission and brightness temperature at microwave frequencies. Together with the surface roughness, it is a key component of the signal used to obtain surface wind vector with satellite-borne radiometric and polarimetric instruments. Current knowledge of foam emissivity, however, is incomplete, particularly in regard to azimuthal effects. Since breaking waves on the open ocean are intermittent and highly variable, radiometric measurements of reproducible breaking waves were performed in an outdoor salt water wave tank in 2002 and 2004. The wave tank was configured to create foam-producing breaking waves using an underwater shoaling beach. Four radiometers, operating at frequencies of 6.8, 10.8, 18.7, and 37 GHz, were positioned at several incidence angles and azimuth look angles to record microwave emission from the breaking waves. A bore-sighted video camera recorded images of foam fraction within radiometers footprints. Auxiliary information on the wave field and breaking events (such as void fraction, bubble size spectrum, foam layer thickness, wave height, and subsurface turbulent dissipation) was provided by a suite of additional instruments. The results of wave tank measurements of the azimuthal dependence of foam emissivity at 6.8 and 10.8 GHz are presented, and possible contributors to the observed azimuthal changes of foam emissivity are discussed. C1 [Rose, L. A.; Bobak, J. P.; Gaiser, P. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Anguelova, M. D.] NRC Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Dowgiallo, D. J.] Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Asher, W. E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rose, LA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. FU NPOESS Integrated Program Office FX Sponsored by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677075 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200024 ER PT B AU Padmanabhan, S Reising, SC Asher, WE Rose, LA Gaiser, PW Bobak, JP Dowgiallo, DJ Anguelova, M AF Padmanabhan, S. Reising, S. C. Asher, W. E. Rose, L. A. Gaiser, P. W. Bobak, J. P. Dowgiallo, D. J. Anguelova, M. GP IEEE TI Azimuthal dependence of the microwave emission from foam generated by breaking waves at 18.7 and 37 GHz SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE ID GAS TRANSFER; L-BAND; SURFACE; PARAMETERS AB The need to improve retrieval of the surface wind vector and sea surface temperature (SST) from WindSat and the upcoming NPOESS Conical Microwave Imager Sounder (CMIS) motivated measurements of the microwave emission from breaking waves, both on the open ocean and in a wave basin. Aircraft and satellite measurements have demonstrated that the wind direction dependence of ocean surface brightness temperatures is small, on the order of 13 K peak-to-peak. Therefore, the accuracy of wind vector retrieval depends strongly upon quantitative knowledge of the relationship of the ocean surface emissivity to surface properties, such as sea surface wave spectrum and wave breaking. The effects of the surface wave spectrum have been addressed by many studies, but the azimuthal dependence of the microwave emission from breaking waves and foam has not been adequately addressed. Recently, a number of experiments have been conducted to quantify the increase in sea surface microwave emission due to foam. The Polarimetric Observations of the Emissivity of Whitecaps EXperiment (POEWEX'04) was conducted during November 2004 to measure the azimuthal dependence of reproducible breaking waves in order to improve wind vector retrieval from spaceborne radiometric measurements, especially at wind speeds of 7 m/s and higher. The emissivity of breaking waves was shown to vary as a function of azimuth angle at four different WindSat frequencies. C1 [Padmanabhan, S.; Reising, S. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microwave Syst Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Asher, W. E.] Univ Washington, Apll Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rose, L. A.; Gaiser, P. W.; Bobak, J. P.; Dowgiallo, D. J.; Anguelova, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Padmanabhan, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microwave Syst Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office; Naval Research Laboratory's [NA02AANEG0338]; Colorado State University; University of Washington [NA05AANEG0153] FX The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office supported the Naval Research Laboratorys participation through Award NA02AANEG0338 and supported Colorado State University and the University of Washington through Award NA05AANEG0153. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 131 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677076 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200025 ER PT S AU Jachowski, DR AF Jachowski, Douglas R. GP IEEE TI Cascadable lossy passive biquad bandstop filter SO 2006 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 11-16, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE MTTS AB A lossy passive biquad bandstop filter is proposed as a building block for higher-order bandstop filters needing both large stopband attenuation and excellent selectivity. Characteristic equations for cascaded absorptive filters, an example, and data useful for design are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jachowski, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-0-7803-9541-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2006 BP 1213 EP 1216 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2006.249428 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS69 UT WOS:000244379002090 ER PT S AU Deal, WR Tsai, R Lange, MD Boos, JB Bennett, BR Gutierrez, A AF Deal, William R. Tsai, Roger Lange, Michael D. Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Gutierrez, Augusto GP IEEE TI A low power/low noise MMIC amplifier for phased-array applications using InAs/AlSb HEMT SO 2006 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 11-16, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE MTTS DE low noise amplifier; coplanar waveguide; HENIT; MMIC; ABCS AB In this paper, we present a two-stage low-power/low-noise MMIC amplifier. At 10-GHz, the amplifier demonstrates high gain (similar to 18-dB) and moderate noise figure (< 1.8-dB) at a total DC power consumption of only 1.38-mW. The ultra-low power MMIC amplifier utilizes InAs/AlSb metamorphic HEMT technology, which enables a low-power/low-noise operating point of 0.15-V and 40-mA/mm for each gain stage, considerably lower than either InP or GaAs low- power bias points. The compact design (1.6x2.6-mm(2)) is realized in coplanar waveguide architecture (CPW), including CPW spiral inductors. C1 [Deal, William R.; Tsai, Roger; Lange, Michael D.; Gutierrez, Augusto] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deal, WR (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU ONR [N00014-01-2-0014]; DARPA ABCS Program FX This work was supported by ONR Cooperative Agreement No. N00014-01-2-0014, DARPA ABCS Program. The authors would like to thank Colin Wood (ONR), Don Mullin and Cynthia Hanson (SPAWAR), and Mark Rosker (DARPA). NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-0-7803-9541-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2006 BP 2051 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2006.249858 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS69 UT WOS:000244379004096 ER PT S AU Novikova, EI Strickman, MS Gwon, C Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Fitzgerald, C Waters, LS Johns, RC AF Novikova, Elena I. Strickman, Mark S. Gwon, Chul Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. Fitzgerald, Carrie Waters, Laurie S. Johns, Russell C. GP IEEE TI Designing SWORD-SoftWare for Optimization of Radiation Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The SoftWare for the Optimization of Radiation Detectors (SWORD) is an integrated system (based on MCNPX [1] and GEANT4 [2] 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes) useful for the optimization of high energy radiation detection systems. A set of usable sample inputs and analysis algorithms are integrated into the system. Sample inputs include Special Nuclear Material (SNM) targets, nuisance sources, and industrial and marine backgrounds. Analysis algorithms include spectroscopy and imaging for coded aperture detectors and Compton imagers. The system is designed from the start to be easy to use and to be deployable to detector design and system architecture study groups who are its ultimate users. C1 [Novikova, Elena I.; Strickman, Mark S.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gwon, Chul] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. [Fitzgerald, Carrie] Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD USA. [Waters, Laurie S.; Johns, Russell C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM novikova@nrl.navy.mil; strick-man@nrl.navy.mil; chul.gwon@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil; wulf@nrl.navy.mil; cfitzgerald4@loyola.edu; lsw@lanl.gov; johns@lanl.gov RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security FX Manuscript received November 17, 2006. This research is funded by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600131 ER PT S AU de Graaf, J Faust, H Alatishe, J Talapatra, S AF de Graaf, J. Faust, H. Alatishe, J. Talapatra, S. GP IEEE TI Generation of spectrally confined transmitted radar waveforms: Experimental results SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel AB Managing the spectrum of radar emissions, particularly from shipboard radar platforms, is critical for minimizing interference to neighboring communication systems on ships, on land and other in-band radars. New radar waveform designs are needed to confine the radar transmitted spectrum to a region separate from other bands that are in use. An out-phasing technique (first developed by H.Chireix) is one approach that was implemented in hardware that provides a means of generating spectrally confined radar waveforms. A series of experiments were conducted in an effort to show the effects of Power Amplifiers (PA), in the Chireix Out-Phasing network, on spectrally confined waveforms under certain conditions. Several test results and conclusions are discussed in this paper. C1 [de Graaf, J.; Faust, H.; Alatishe, J.; Talapatra, S.] USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Graaf, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research aboratory FX This work is supported by the directorate at the Naval Research aboratory. The authors express their appreciation to Mr. Richard Frisby for his contributions to this effort. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 76 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631779 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500013 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Smith, KJ Gerlach, K AF Blunt, Shannon D. Smith, Kevin J. Gerlach, Karl GP IEEE TI Doppler-Compensated Adaptive Pulse Compression SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel ID CODES AB Within the Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) context the Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC) algorithm has been shown to effectively suppress the range sidelobes resulting from large targets to the level of the noise thereby unmasking nearby small targets and yielding substantial sensitivity improvement over deterministic matched/mismatched filtering techniques. However, this sensitivity improvement is limited by filter mismatch whenever the radar returns from large target(s) undergo a substantial Doppler phase shift caused by significant radial motion relative to the radar platform. To correct for the Doppler-induced filter mismatch, the Doppler Compensated APC (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated along with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the APC adaptive receive filter formulation thus suppressing the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes and regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement of APC. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Smith, Kevin J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [ONR 31] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR 31). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 114 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631784 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500018 ER PT S AU de Graaf, J Glancy, J Brockett, S Kragalott, M Bottoms, M Keffer, M AF de Graaf, J. Glancy, J. Brockett, S. Kragalott, M. Bottoms, M. Keffer, M. GP IEEE TI Transmit/receive isolation and ERP measurements of the AMRFC testbed SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel AB High transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) isolation of phase-darray systems on board future US Navy ships is critical to preserving the performance of these systems. The Advanced Multifunction Radio Frequency (AMRFC) Testbed is a one-of-a-kind phased-array system that was evaluated to determine the level of Tx/Rx isolation for certain scan angles. The Effective-Radiated Power (ERP) of the AMRFC Tx array was also evaluated to verify the emission characteristics under certain conditions. The preliminary results of evaluating the Tx/Rx isolation and ERP are discussed in this paper. C1 [de Graaf, J.; Glancy, J.; Brockett, S.; Kragalott, M.; Bottoms, M.; Keffer, M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Graaf, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU AMRFC FX AMRFC is an ONR-funded program . NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 565 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631856 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500090 ER PT S AU Ngo, MT Gregers-Hansen, V Ward, HR AF Ngo, Mai T. Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm Ward, Harold R. GP IEEE TI Transmitter noise compensation - A signal processing technique for improving clutter suppression SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel DE clutter improvement factor; transmitter stability improvement; radar signals; signal processing AB A new signal processing technique, referred to as Transmitter Noise Compensation (TNC), has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to improve the capability of existing radars to suppress returns from strong clutter. This technique compensates for intra-pulse transmitter noise, as well as power supply instabilities, by capturing and processing an accurate replica of each transmitted pulse. Subsequently, through pulse-to-pulse comparisons, the measured transmit errors are used to derive a digital filter which compensates for the transmitter noise in the digital signal processor (DSP). This paper describes the Transmitter Noise Compensation technique, its theory of operation, and the results from an experimental effort to demonstrate its feasibility. This experiment has confirmed the validity of the TNC concept and demonstrated an improvement of 15 dB or higher. C1 [Ngo, Mai T.; Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5306,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ward, Harold R.] HRW Consulting, Bedford, MA USA. RP Ngo, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5306,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Sea Systems Command; PEO IWS 2.0 FX The work presented in this paper was sponsored by the Naval Sea Systems Command, PEO IWS 2.0, and was started during an earlier NRL effort, dating back to 1995 [2]. Valuable assistance with radar operation and data recording was provided by NSWC-DD (Steve Beasley), TSC (Rick Jones) and SEG (Glenn Leite). Several of our NRL colleagues also provided valuable support including Steve Brockett, Richard Frisby, and Randy Duncan. Finally we would like to acknowledge the superior support of the Navy Staff and their Contractors at the Wallops Test Site, in particular Chief Knight and Delmas Benton of Lockheed Martin. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 668 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631872 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500106 ER PT S AU Schoenig, GN Picciolo, ML Mili, L Gerlach, K AF Schoenig, Gregory N. Picciolo, Michael L. Mili, Lamine Gerlach, Karl GP IEEE TI Adaptive processor convergence improvement using reiterative projection statistics` SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel ID GRAM-SCHMIDT; ALGORITHMS AB Adaptive radar processors form estimates of the statistics of the received interference (such as clutter and/or jamming) and receiver noise processes using measured samples (i.e., snapshots) of the signal environment. Snapshots that contain the signal of interest (i.e., targets) and/or other outliers are, in practice, frequently interspersed within a set of more homogeneous interference snapshots. This condition often results in poor convergence in terms of signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and ultimately, probability of detection. In this paper, a previously developed projection statistics (PS)-based outlier detection technique is extended to a reiterative and prewhitened form, similar to a recent reiterative generalized inner product (GIP) technique. We compare SINR convergence performance of reiterative GIP and reiterative prewhitened PS, among other methods, in the presence of multiple outliers. The results show that reiterative prewhitened PS is superior to reiterative GIP and to the other methods in terms of SINR convergence criteria. C1 [Schoenig, Gregory N.; Picciolo, Michael L.] SAIC, Chantilly, VA USA. [Mili, Lamine] Virginia Tech, Adv Res Inst, Chantilly, VA USA. [Gerlach, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. RP Schoenig, GN (reprint author), SAIC, Chantilly, VA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 725 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631882 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500116 ER PT S AU Vouras, P AF Vouras, Peter GP IEEE TI Detection of targets in bandlimited and spatially correlated clutter SO 2006 IEEE Radar Conference, Vols 1 and 2 SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel AB This paper describes the preliminary analysis of an unconventional approach for detecting targets in bandlimited clutter that exhibits some degree of spatial correlation from range bin to range bin. The receiver processing chain utilizes a lattice predictor (LP) filter to remove clutter at the output of a Doppler filter bank. Subsequently, an Order-Statistic (OS) Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processing stage is used to threshold the data and a binary integrator creates a binary image of threshold crossings accumulated over several Coherent Processing Intervals (CPIs). A novel technique is applied for removing noise from the binary image using morphological filters, thereby exposing tracks created by any moving targets. Once a track has been detected, the corresponding target is declared present. Test results based on measured clutter data will be presented that suggest the proposed processing techniques may improve detection performance in a clutter environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2006 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631884 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500118 ER PT S AU Foreman, TL AF Foreman, Tegy L. GP IEEE TI Reinterpreting the CLEAN algorithm as an optimum detector SO 2006 IEEE Radar Conference, Vols 1 and 2 SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel AB This paper gives a short review of the CLEAN Algorithm and shows how it can be implemented as a deconvolver in place of a correlator. The paper then derives an optimum detector (with appropriate assumptions) that provides detection of closely spaced Rayleigh distributed objects in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). These two processors are shown to both be deconvolvers for infinite signal to noise ratio. The range-time cut of the ambiguity diagram indicates that both algorithms have outstanding range-time sidelobes (under the condition of infinite signal to noise ratio). The optimum detector is not a uniformly most powerful test because it incorporates target amplitude into the detector. However, in many practical situations estimates of this parameter may be available. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Foreman, TL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2006 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631890 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500124 ER PT S AU Chen, VC Lin, CT Pala, WP AF Chen, Victor C. Lin, Ching-Tai Pala, William P. GP IEEE TI Time-varying Doppler analysis of electromagnetic backscattering from rotating object SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS; PLANE MIRROR; REFLECTIONS; SCATTERING AB Electromagnetic backscattering from rotating objects is subject to Doppler modulations that enable us to determine dynamic properties of objects and provide useful information about the objects. In this paper, we discuss how to analyze time-varying Doppler spectra, how to deal with undersampled data, and how to characterize target's dynamic motions from the time-varying Doppler spectra. C1 [Chen, Victor C.; Lin, Ching-Tai; Pala, William P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vchen@radar.nrl.navy.mil FU ONR, through the NRL base program FX This work was supported by ONR, through the NRL base program NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 807 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631896 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500130 ER PT S AU Borden, B Cheney, M AF Borden, Brett Cheney, Margaret GP IEEE TI Microlocal ISAR for low signal-to-noise environments SO 2006 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Verona, NY SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Radar Syst Panel ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB We consider the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar problem in which high-range-resolution radar pulses interrogate a rotating target, and the measured echos are then used to isolate target features. Our approach to this problem is based on the techniques of microlocal analysis, which is a mathematical theory developed to handle high-frequency asymptotics. In essence, our approach [6], [7] is to relate high-frequency components of the data to features of the target. Because this scheme applies directly in the data domain, it may have a number of advantages over conventional imaging methods. The purpose of this paper is to show how this theory can be applied to realistic band-timited data. In particular, we propose an iterative algorithm (based on the generalized Radon-Hough transform) in which we estimate the target features associated with high-frequency components of the data, one after another, and subtract out the corresponding band-limited components. We show the results of numerical tests on simulated noisy data. C1 [Borden, Brett] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-0-7803-9496-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2006 BP 829 EP + DI 10.1109/RADAR.2006.1631900 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BFS08 UT WOS:000244174500134 ER PT B AU Martinson, E Schultz, A AF Martinson, Eric Schultz, Alan GP IEEE TI Auditory evidence grids SO 2006 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, RSJ DE sound source localization; evidence grid; mobile robots; auditory mapping AB Sound source localization on a mobile robot can be a difficult task due to a variety of problems inherent to a real environment, including robot ego-noise, echoes, and the transient nature of ambient noise. As a result, source localization data are often very noisy and unreliable. In this work, we overcome some of these problems by combining the localization evidence over a variety of robot poses using an evidence grid. The result is a representation that localizes the pertinent objects well over time, can be used to filter poor localization results, and may also be useful for global re-localization from sound localization results. C1 [Martinson, Eric] Georgia Inst Technol, Naval Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schultz, Alan] US Naval Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Martinson, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Naval Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ebeowulf@cc.gatech.edu; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil FU ONR Intelligent Systems Program [N0001405WX30022] FX This research has been funded by the ONR Intelligent Systems Program (Work Order #N0001405WX30022). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0258-8 PY 2006 BP 1140 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BFY57 UT WOS:000245452401026 ER PT B AU Kira, Z Schultz, AC AF Kira, Zsolt Schultz, Alan C. GP IEEE TI Continuous and Embedded Learning for multi-agent systems SO 2006 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, RSJ DE genetic algorithms; multi-agent coevolutionary systems; cooperative coevolution; multi-agent communication AB This paper describes multi-agent strategies for applying Continuous and Embedded Learning (CEL). In the CEL architecture [1], an agent maintains a simulator based on its current knowledge of the world and applies a learning algorithm that obtains its performance measure using this simulator. The simulator is updated to reflect changes in the environment or robot state that can be detected by a monitor, such as sensor failures. In this paper, we adapt this architecture to a multi-agent setting in which the monitor is communicated among the team members effectively creating a distributed monitor. The parameters of the current control algorithm (in our case rulebases learned by Genetic Algorithms) used by all of the agents are added to the monitor as well, allowing for cooperative learning. We show that communication of agent status (e.g. failures) among the team members allows the agents to dynamically adapt to team properties, in this case team size. Furthermore, we show that an agent is able to switch between specializing within a section of the domain when there are many team members and generalizing to other parts of the domain when the rest of the team members are disabled. Finally, we also discuss future potential of this method, most notably in the creation of a Distributed Case Based Reasoning system in which the cases are actual Genetic Algorithm population members that can be swapped among team members. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Mobile Robot Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kira, Z (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Mobile Robot Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zkira@cc.gatech.edu; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0258-8 PY 2006 BP 3184 EP 3190 DI 10.1109/IROS.2006.282343 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BFY57 UT WOS:000245452403054 ER PT S AU Kirsteins, IP Ge, HY AF Kirsteins, Ivars P. Ge, Hongya GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of Krylov space adaptive beamformers SO 2006 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 12-14, 2006 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Boston Sect, Air Force Res Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Air Force Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res AB The performance of Krylov subspace-based dimensionality reduction for adaptive beamforming is analyzed using a simple second-order Taylor series approximation to the mean output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is shown that the predicted SNRs accurately follow the experimentally measured SNR and explain the threshold effects when the angles or spacing are varied between the signal mode (subspace) and interference modes (subspace). Furthermore, we discuss how the SNR approximation can be applied to calculating the deflection of a Krylov subspace dimension-reduced Capon's test statistic. C1 [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 1-4244-0308-1 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2006 BP 16 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFN69 UT WOS:000243341900004 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, Shannon D. Gerlach, Karl GP IEEE TI A generalized formulation for adaptive pulse compression of multistatic radar SO 2006 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 12-14, 2006 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Boston Sect, Air Force Res Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Air Force Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res AB For the return signal at a radar receiver comprised of radar returns from K illuminating radars operating in the same spectrum in near proximity, the Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm has been shown to effectively separate and subsequently pulse compress the multiple signals such that range sidelobes and cross-correlation sidelobes are minimized in the Mean Square-Error (MSE) sense. This previous formulation implicitly assumed that the K radars possess very good control of sidelobe emissions. However, sidelobe control on transmit results in mainbeam spreading and loss, which is often unacceptable. In this paper, a generalized framework is developed which accounts for all of the inherent signals that are incident at a given radar receiver. In general, these signals collectively originate from the respective transmit mainbeams and sidelobes of the K illuminating radars and are then reflected into the receive mainbeam and sidelobes of the given radar receiver. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [ONR 31] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR 31). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 1-4244-0308-1 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2006 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFN69 UT WOS:000243341900074 ER PT B AU Williams, KJ Tulchinsky, DA Boos, JB Park, D Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS AF Williams, Keith J. Tulchinsky, David A. Boos, John B. Park, Doewan Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. GP IEEE TI High-current photodetectors as efficient and high-power RF output stages SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVES PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwaves Photonics CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE high-power photodetectors; photodetectors; photodiodes; saturation current; space-charge effect ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; BANDWIDTH AB This paper describes an improved photodetector design which demonstrates excellent large- and small-signal behavior. Maximum small-signal compression currents have increased to over 700 m-A at 300 MHz. Output RF power amplifier stage efficiencies of 40% (class AB operation) and over 27% (Class A) has been achieved from 0.3 to 6 GHz with RIF power outputs over +24 dBm. C1 [Williams, Keith J.; Tulchinsky, David A.; Boos, John B.; Park, Doewan; Goetz, Peter G.; Rabinovich, William S.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Code 5650,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Code 5650,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DARPA through the ULTRA-T/R program FX This work was supported by DARPA through the ULTRA-T/R program NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0203-8 PY 2006 BP 93 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGB27 UT WOS:000245899600024 ER PT B AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ AF Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI Optically-amplified short-length analog photonic links SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVES PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwaves Photonics CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE analog photonics; optical amplifiers AB The performance capabilities of short-length analog photonic links employing optical amplification with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are presented. Optically-amplified links are compared to their unamptified counterparts in terms of gain, noise figure, spurious-free dynamic range, and compression dynamic range. The new concepts of generalized relative intensity noise and optical amplifier noise penalty are used for the analytical and experimental analysis. C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Bucholtz, Frank; Williams, Keith J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0203-8 PY 2006 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGB27 UT WOS:000245899600065 ER PT B AU Fasoro, AA Popa, DO Beardsley, H Sin, J Agonafer, D Stephanou, HE Deeds, MA AF Fasoro, Abiodun A. Popa, Dan O. Beardsley, Heather Sin, Jeongsik Agonafer, Dereje Stephanou, Harry E. Deeds, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Fluxless optical fiber attachment for hermetic MOEMS applications SO 2006 PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Heat Transfer Div K 16, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div DE hermetic packaging; soldering; laser; indium; AuSn AB Fluxless soldering is desirable for the hermetic packaging of irricro-optoelectromechanical (MOEMS) systems, especially those used in harsh environments, or those that require very long shelf-life. An example of such a microsystem is a Safe & Arm (S&A) MEMS device that requires reliable operation over 20 to 30 years. For this application, degradation and out-gassing of the organic materials, such as those contained in fluxes and epoxies could result in the contamination and stiction of the moving microparts. In this paper we present simulation and experimental results of using a diode laser to attach and seal fiber optic feed-throughs to a kovar carrier package. In order to obtain reliable fluxless solder joints, certain environmental conditions namely, an inert and/or reducing gas environment needs to be present during the process. In addition, the solder and substrate surfaces must be sufficiently free of oxides and organic contaminants. Acceptable process parameters such as the laser power density, spot size, and duration, package geometry have been determined both experimentally and through simulation. It has been established that oxygen levels less than 0.04% (400 ppm) obtained inside a glove-box obtained using inert gas (100% N-2, or 95%N-2, 5% H-2) is necessary to achieve adequate joints. C1 [Deeds, Michael A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Fasoro, Abiodun A.; Popa, Dan O.; Beardsley, Heather; Sin, Jeongsik; Agonafer, Dereje; Stephanou, Harry E.] Univ N Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, 7300 Jack Newell Blvd S, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. RP Fasoro, AA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, 7300 Jack Newell Blvd S, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. EM afasoro@arri.uta.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work has been performed in collaboration with Bennington Microtechnology Center in Bennington, Vermont, and was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We wish to thank Woo Ho Lee, Jeong Sik Sin, Amit Patil, Raul Fernandez, and Norm Spayd from ARRI, and Daniel Jean of the U.S. Navy for their contributions to the experimental work presented in this paper. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9523-7 PY 2006 BP 1365 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFP48 UT WOS:000243624500188 ER PT B AU Meadows, C Syverson, P Chang, LW AF Meadows, Catherine Syverson, Paul Chang, Liwu GP IEEE TI Towards more efficient distance bounding protocols for use in sensor networks SO 2006 SECURECOMM AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (SecureComm 2006) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Commun Soc, Create Net C1 [Meadows, Catherine; Syverson, Paul; Chang, Liwu] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.na.vy.mil; syverson@itd.nrl.na.vy.mil; chang@itd.nrl.na.vy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0422-3 PY 2006 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BGF27 UT WOS:000246413900005 ER PT B AU Tope, MA McEachen, JC Kinney, AC AF Tope, Michael A. McEachen, John C. Kinney, Albert C. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Ad-hoc network routing using co-operative diversity SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Vienna Univ Technol AB One important goal of communication systems is to establish a point-to-point connection between two end users. Previous and current generations of the systems that provide for such communications are most often based on wired links (including optical fiber). Currently wireless multi-hop ad hoe networks utilize protocols that relay packets of data node-by-node along a path connecting the source node to the sink node. This paper describes a new Cooperative Diversity (CD) methodology for wireless network communications that leverages the fact that RF energy scatters and propagates to many users simultaneously. Specifically, we describe and evaluate a protocol designed to establish end-to-end communication within a large field of autonomous wireless devices producing reduced latency and greatly increased robustness against signal fading and interference. In addition, this new protocol often requires less transmit power than existing techniques. C1 [Tope, Michael A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEachen, John C.; Kinney, Albert C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tope, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM matope@ieee.org; mceachen@nps.edu; ackinney@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7695-2466-4 PY 2006 BP 55 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEW14 UT WOS:000239778200009 ER PT B AU Jun, CH Gentile, C Priniski, C Sethian, J AF Jun, Chang H. Gentile, Charles Priniski, Craig Sethian, John GP IEEE TI Design and numerical stress analysis of silicon membrane hibachi windows SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE silicon window; KrF laser; electron beam; transmission rate; corrosion by gas; diamond coating AB A silicon membrane windows is developed for a KrF laser system. The main function of the windows is to pass electron beam into the laser cell and to hold pressurized gas in the cell. 150 micro-meter thick silicon windows successfully survived from heated electron beam bombardment and shows 80% of electron beam transmission rate. The single silicon windows endured 250,000 cycles of electron beam shots. The arrayed windows did not show sufficient performance due to excessive heat generation. To enhance the longevity, the cooling system has to be improved and a study of the arc generated by the cathode is necessary. C1 [Jun, Chang H.; Gentile, Charles; Priniski, Craig] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sethian, John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Jun, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU The Navel Research Laboratory (NRL); The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; The U.S. Department of Energy's research FX This work is supported by The Navel Research Laboratory (NRL) collaboration with The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory which is one of The U.S. Department of Energy's research establishments.; This article is supported by The Naval Research Laboratory. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700023 ER PT S AU McLean, J AF McLean, John GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI Trustworthy Software: Why we need it, Why we don't have it, How we can get it SO 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, Vol 1, Regular Papers/Panels, Proceedings SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McLean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 0-7695-2655-1 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2006 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.84 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFF95 UT WOS:000241643200008 ER PT S AU Salem, TE Rakvic, R Voigt, R Firebaugh, S AF Salem, Thomas E. Rakvic, Ryan Voigt, Robert Firebaugh, Samara GP IEEE TI Curricula enhancement and thematic learning via undergraduate design projects SO 36TH ANNUAL FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION, CONFERENCE PROGRAM, VOLS 1-4: BORDERS: INTERNATIONAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SE Frontiers in Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Frontiers in Education (FIE 2006) CY OCT 28-31, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Engn Educ, ERM Div, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Educ Soc, Univ San Diego, San Diego State Univ DE curricula enhancement; thematic learning; undergraduate design projects AB Teaching fundamental engineering concepts by using advanced and applicable design projects is often a challenging task. Baccalaureate I and II institutions face additional challenges to conduct meaningful and fulfilling research projects with the inherent lack of graduate students and potentially limited financial resources. To address these issues, we propose the use of a project-based thematic learning approach. The project, to control and operate a model train system, is introduced during the fall semester of the sophomore year during the digital logic course and continues through the curricula culminating in advanced senior design projects. Advantages to this project-based thematic learning approach include the reduction of project ramp-up time, early exposure for students to project task management skills, and leveraging multiple learning experiences on one relatively low-cost project thus making the initial investment all the more worthwhile. C1 [Salem, Thomas E.; Rakvic, Ryan; Voigt, Robert; Firebaugh, Samara] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM salem@usna.edu; rakvic@usna.edu; voigt@usna.edu; Firebaugh@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 978-1-4244-0256-4 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 2006 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BGC22 UT WOS:000245981400094 ER PT B AU Boden, DG Gray, PJ AF Boden, D. G. Gray, P. J. BE Pudlowski, ZJ TI CDIO: its adoption and assessment at the US Naval Academy SO 5th Global Congress on Engineering Education, Congress Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Global Congress on Engineering Education CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY SP UNESCO Int Ctr Engn Educ HO Polytech Univ AB The Conceive - Design - Implement - Operate (CDIO) engineering educational strategy has been adopted by a number of universities in the USA, Europe, Canada, South Africa, Asia and the South Pacific. These universities are using CDIO as the framework for undergraduate engineering curricular planning and outcomes-based assessment. The CDIO Initiative's goal is to educate future engineers in the fundamentals of engineering skills within a context of conceiving, designing, implementing and operating products and systems. The Department of Aerospace Engineering at the United States Naval Academy joined the CDIO Initiative in July 2003. The Naval Academy already emphasised many of the skills in the CDIO Syllabus, such as ethics, leadership, teamwork, systems thinking and communications, which are part of design-build projects, integral components of a CDIO programme. What was lacking was the overall framework for developing a curriculum consistent with the Department's goals and one that could be used to guide outcomes assessment. The CDIO Initiative provides the Department with the overall framework and assessment tools necessary for the successful development and continuous improvement of its programme. C1 USN, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UICEE, FACULTY ENGINEERING PI CLAYTON PA MONASH UNIVERSITY, CLAYTON, MELBOURNE VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA BN 0-7326-2295-6 PY 2006 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BEX24 UT WOS:000239953600004 ER PT S AU Jacobs, V Dutton, Z Bashkansky, M Steiner, M Reintjes, J AF Jacobs, Verne Dutton, Zachary Bashkansky, Mark Steiner, Michael Reintjes, John BE Coufal, HJ Hasan, ZU Craig, AE TI Liouville-space descriptions for intense-field coherent electromagnetic interactions SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing III CY JAN 24-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE density matrix; coherence; relaxation; electromagnetic response; electromagnetically-induced transparency ID DENSITY-MATRIX; ATOMIC SYSTEMS; SLOW LIGHT; RADIATION; PERSPECTIVE; RELAXATION; STATES AB Liouville-space (reduced-density-operator) descriptions are developed for resonant and coherent electromagnetic interactions of quantized electronic systems, taking into account environmental decoherence and relaxation phenomena. Applications of interest include electromagnetically-induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in many-electron atomic systems (in electron-ion beam interactions, gases, and high-temperature plasmas) and semiconductor materials (bulk crystals and nanostructures). Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical description of the entire electromagnetic interaction is introduced. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear electromagnetic-response tensors occurring in a perturbation-theory treatment of the semiclassical electromagnetic interaction. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial electronic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Intense-field electromagnetic interactions are treated by means of an alternative, non-perturbative method, which is based on a Liouville-space Floquet-Fourier representation of the reduced density operator. Electron-electron quantum correlations are treated by the introduction of a cluster decomposition of the reduced density operator and a coupled hierarchy of reduced-density-operator equations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6172-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6130 BP U53 EP U64 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BEI11 UT WOS:000237288300006 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Martinez, T Roura, E Teare, SW Payne, DM AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Roura, Erick Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don M. BE Giles, MK Gonglewski, JD Carreras, RA TI Measuring a deformable mirror's surface while under physical vibrations - art. no. 630605 SO Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications IV CY AUG 14-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB This paper reports on the measurement and reconstruction using two algorithms of an Adaptive Tilt Mirror's (ATM) reflected wavefront using a Shack-Hartmann (SH) based wavefront sensor. The ATM consists of a deformable mirror mounted onto a fast steering mirror platform. Reconstruction of the wavefront was performed using Finite Difference and Finite Element reconstruction algorithms for comparison. The SH wavefront sensor with high frame-rate readout camera and the two types of software reconstructors provide a visualization of the ATM's surface while being moved physically on the fast steering mirror platform at a rate of 30 Hz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6385-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6306 BP 30605 EP 30605 AR 630605 DI 10.1117/12.682104 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFI37 UT WOS:000242009600005 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Chu, P Liu, QY AF Sun, JL Chu, P Liu, QY TI The role of the halted baroclinic mode at the central dquatorial Pacific in El Nino event SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Ocean Atmosphere Conference CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Meteorol Soc, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol HO Inst Atmospher Phys DE halted baroclinic mode; central equatorial Pacific; staged atmosphere-ocean interaction rnechanism; El Nino ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN AB The role of halted "baroclinic modes" in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to "baroclinic modes" occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGCM and in the ADCP observation of TAO. A second "baroclinic mode" is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first "baroclinic mode" propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Nino: the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first "baroclinic mode" propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Nino several months ahead. C1 Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. Ocean Univ China, Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM sunjilin@mail.ouc.edu.cn RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00376-006-0005-6 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 006EM UT WOS:000234878300006 ER PT S AU Gupta, KM Aha, DW Moore, P AF Gupta, Kalyan Moy Aha, David W. Moore, Philip BE RothBerghofer, TR Goker, MH Guvenir, HA TI Rough set feature selection algorithms for textual case-based classification SO ADVANCES IN CASE-BASED REASONING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY SEP 04-07, 2006 CL Fethiye, TURKEY SP DaimlerChrysler, DFKI GmbH, Empolis, Kaidara Software, Microsoft, PricewaterhouseCoopers AB Feature selection algorithms can reduce the high dimensionality of textual cases and increase case-based task performance. However, conventional algorithms (e.g., information gain) are computationally expensive. We previously showed that, on one dataset, a rough set feature selection algorithm can reduce computational complexity without sacrificing task performance. Here we test the generality of our findings on additional feature selection algorithms, add one data set, and improve our empirical methodology. We observed that features of textual cases vary in their contribution to task performance based on their part-of-speech, and adapted the algorithms to include a part-of-speech bias as background knowledge. Our evaluation shows that injecting this bias significantly increases task performance for rough set algorithms, and that one of these attained significantly higher classification accuracies than information gain. We also confirmed that, under some conditions, randomized training partitions can dramatically reduce training times for rough set algorithms without compromising task performance. C1 Knexus Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Gupta, KM (reprint author), Knexus Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. EM kalyan.gupta@nrl.navy.mil; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil; philip.moore@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-36843-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2006 VL 4106 BP 166 EP 181 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFB81 UT WOS:000240904600014 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Ray, G AF Chu, P. C. Ray, G. BE Rahman, M Brebbia, CA TI Prediction of high-speed rigid body manoeuvring in air-water-sediment SO Advances in Fluid Mechanics VI SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Advanced in Fluid Mechanics CY MAY 08-10, 2006 CL Skiathos, GREECE SP Wessex Inst Technol, Dalhousie Univ, WIT Transact Engn Sci DE body-flow interaction; bomb manoeuvring AB Falling of rigid body through air, water, and sediment with high speed is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Several experiments were conducted to shoot bomb-like rigid bodies with the density ratio similar to MK-84 into the hydrographical tank. During the experiments, we carefully observe the position and orientation of the bomb-like rigid bodies. The theoretical work includes the development of 3D model for predicting high speed rigid body manoeuvring in air-water-sediment columns (STRIKE35) which contains three components: triple coordinate transform, hydrodynamics of falling rigid object in a single medium (air, water, or sediment) and in multiple media (air-water and water-sediment interfaces). The model predicts the rigid body's trajectory in the water column and burial depth and orientation in the sediment. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 1-84564-163-9 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2006 VL 52 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.2495/AFM06013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BEJ57 UT WOS:000237449700013 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Stevens, MH AF Siskind, David E. Stevens, M. H. TI A radiative feedback from an interactive polar mesospheric cloud parameterization in a two dimensional model SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mesospheric model; ozone chemistry; polar mesospheric clouds ID WATER-VAPOR; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; MESOPAUSE AB A new model of the mesosphere is introduced which incorporates the effects of polar mesospheric clouds in an interactive fashion. The model predicts ice layers and perturbed water vapor layers in good agreement with observations and previous calculations. In addition, the model predicts changes in ozone which anticorrelate with the perturbed H(2)O changes. Above the cloud layer (850-90 km), ozone can increase by as much as 30-40% and this leads to a 1-3 K temperature increase. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Siskind, David E.; Stevens, M. H.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nri.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2383 EP 2387 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.094 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V44FO UT WOS:000202988800012 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Wang, DY AF Jiang, Jonathan H. Eckermann, Stephen D. Wu, Dong L. Wang, Ding Yi TI Inter-annual variation of gravity waves in the Arctic and Antarctic winter middle atmosphere SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Antarctic; middle atmosphere; gravity wave; UARS MLS; satellite observation ID LIMB SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; STRATOSPHERE; MLS; CLIMATOLOGY; SPECTRA; CLOUDS AB High latitude, middle atmospheric (28-80 km) gravity wave observations from the Microwave Limb sounder (MLS) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are available during five Arctic and Antarctic winters between 1991 and 1997. Newer data from NOAA Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) instruments have been introduced recently, in order to extend the gravity wave measurements from 1998 to present. Analyses of MLS and AMSU data show substantial inter-annual variability in both magnitude and spatial patterns of gravity wave activity at both Arctic and Antarctic latitudes. (C) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Jonathan H.; Wu, Dong L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] USN, Res Lab, Middle Atmosphere Dynam Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Ding Yi] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Wang, Ding Yi] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan@mlsjpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2418 EP 2423 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.036 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V44FO UT WOS:000202988800018 ER PT S AU Johnston, KJ Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Tycner, C Zavala, RT White, NM Armstrong, JT Pauls, TA Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB AF Johnston, K. J. Benson, J. A. Hutter, D. J. Tycner, C. Zavala, R. T. White, N. M. Armstrong, J. T. Pauls, T. A. Gilbreath, G. C. Hindsley, R. B. BE Monnier, JD Scholler, M Danchi, WC TI The navy prototype optical interferometer: Recent developments since 2004 - art. no. 626806 SO Advances in Stellar Interferometry Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Stellar Interferometry CY MAY 25-30, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon ID TAURI; STARS AB The technical status of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) since the last SPIE meeting is summarized along with the current science programs. The instrument is operated in an automatic observational mode, obtaining over 10,000 stellar observations in the period, June 2004 through March 2006. The scientific program has been directed at astrometry, TPF candidate stars, binary stars and other interesting targets such as Be stars. A significant database of NPOI observations obtained in 1997-2004 is being analyzed for binaries and single stars such as rapid rotating stars: Altair and Vega. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6333-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6268 BP 26806 EP 26806 AR 626806 DI 10.1117/12.673779 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEZ48 UT WOS:000240312800008 ER PT S AU Tycner, C Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Schmitt, HR Zavala, RT AF Tycner, Christopher Benson, J. A. Hutter, D. J. Schmitt, H. R. Zavala, R. T. BE Monnier, JD Scholler, M Danchi, WC TI High precision calibration of interferometric data through the removal of fixed-pattern residuals - art. no. 626849 SO Advances in Stellar Interferometry Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Stellar Interferometry CY MAY 25-30, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE interferometric data; calibration ID OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB We demonstrate a new calibration technique that can be applied to multi-spectral interferometric observations. The technique measures a fixed-pattern in squared visibility measurements across the spectral channels of each baseline. Because the fixed-pattern appears to be stable on time scales longer than one night, nightly or weekly averages can be calculated based on observations of calibrator stars. The averaged fixed-pattern values can then be removed from data of target stars. We demonstrate the performance of the calibration technique on actual observations obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer and show that the fixed-pattern effects can be suppressed by up to an order of magnitude. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6333-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6268 BP 26849 EP 26849 AR 626849 DI 10.1117/12.672043 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEZ48 UT WOS:000240312800137 ER PT S AU Schmitt, HR Pauls, TA Tycner, C Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Clark, JH Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Peterson, DM Jorgensen, AM Mozurkewich, D Gilbreath, GC Zavala, RT AF Schmitt, Henrique R. Pauls, Thomas A. Tycner, Christopher Armstrong, J. Thomas Benson, James A. Clark, James H. Hindsley, Robert B. Hutter, Donald J. Peterson, Deane M. Jorgensen, Anders M. Mozurkewich, David Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Zavala, Robert T. BE Monnier, JD Scholler, M Danchi, WC TI Using differential phases in optical interferometry - art. no. 62683B SO Advances in Stellar Interferometry Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Stellar Interferometry CY MAY 25-30, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE optical interferometry; NPOI; differential phases; stars; circumstellar disks AB We present the results of differential phase experiments done with data from the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). We take advantage of the fact that this instrument simultaneously records 16 spectral channels in the wavelength range 550-850nm, for multiple baselines. We discuss the corrections applied to the data, and show the results obtained for Vega and the Be star beta Lyrae. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schmitt, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6333-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6268 BP B2683 EP B2683 AR 62683B DI 10.1117/12.672396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEZ48 UT WOS:000240312800107 ER PT S AU Zhang, XL Armstrong, JT Clark, JA Gilbreath, GC Lucke, R Restaino, S Mozurkewich, D Benson, JA Hutter, DJ White, N Schmitt, H Walton, JP AF Zhang, Xiaolei Armstrong, J. Thomas Clark, James A., III Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Lucke, Robert Restaino, Sergio Mozurkewich, David Benson, James A. Hutter, Donald J. White, Nat Schmitt, Henrique Walton, Joshua P. BE Monnier, JD Scholler, M Danchi, WC TI Characterization of the optical throughput performance of the navy prototype optical interferometer (NPOI) - art. no. 62683V SO Advances in Stellar Interferometry Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Stellar Interferometry CY MAY 25-30, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE optical interferometry; optical throughput characterization AB We have developed an approach for systematically investigating the optical throughput performance of the different segments of a Michelson stellar interferometer, and applied it to the characterization of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). We report the results of the first phase of throughput measurements on NPOI, as well as some of the lessons learned. Since the current generation of ground-based optical interferometers all suffers from varying degree of throughput degradation while the dominant causes for throughput loss are expected to vary for each individual instrument, the methodologies and approaches developed here could be of general use for the quantitative characterization of the throughput performance of the different optical interferometers, a prerequisite for its ultimate improvement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6333-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6268 BP V2683 EP V2683 AR 62683V DI 10.1117/12.670001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEZ48 UT WOS:000240312800125 ER PT S AU Pauls, TA Schmitt, HR Tycner, C Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Clark, JH Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Jorgensen, AM AF Pauls, Thomas A. Schmitt, Henrique R. Tycner, Christopher Armstrong, J. Thomas Benson, James A. Clark, James H. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Hindsley, Robert B. Hutter, Donald J. Jorgensen, Anders M. BE Monnier, JD Scholler, M Danchi, WC TI Toward complex visibilities using optical interferometry: Multi-wavelength phase referencing - art. no. 62680W SO Advances in Stellar Interferometry Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Stellar Interferometry CY MAY 25-30, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE optical interferometry; imaging; Be stars; H alpha emission lines ID ZETA-TAURI; DISK AB We report on experiments in multi-wavelength phase referencing using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). In these experiments we use the unique capability of the NPOI to simultaneously observe 16 spectral channels covering 512-850 nm on multiple baselines simultaneously. We present observations of the well-known Be star zeta Tauri using custom filters which allow us to isolate the Hot line in a single spectral channel while the other channels observe the stellar continuum. Since the central star is unresolved, we can use the data in the continuum channels to calibrate the spectral line data. Using the phase information recovered in this way, it is possible for the first time to use standard techniques to construct simple images of the line-emitting region around the star. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6333-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6268 BP W2680 EP W2680 AR 62680W DI 10.1117/12.671881 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEZ48 UT WOS:000240312800030 ER PT S AU Goddard, J Gee, T Wang, HL Gorbach, AM AF Goddard, James Gee, Timothy Wang, Hengliang Gorbach, Alexander M. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Remagnino, P Nefian, A Meenakshisundaram, G Pascucci, V Zara, J Molineros, J Theisel, H Malzbender, T TI Segmentation-based registration of organs in intraoperative video sequences SO Advances in Visual Computing, Pt 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 06-08, 2006 CL Lake Tahoe, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, NASA, Siemens, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox Corp, HP, nVIDA, Ford Corp, Mitsubish, UtopiaCompression AB Intraoperative optical imaging of exposed organs in visible, near-infrared, and infrared (IR) wavelengths in the body has the potential to be useful for real-time assessment of organ viability and image guidance during surgical intervention. However, the motion of the internal organs presents significant challenges for fast analysis of recorded 2D video sequences. The movement observed during surgery, due to respiration, cardiac motion, blood flow, and mechanical shift accompanying the surgical intervention, causes organ reflection in the image sequence, making optical measurements for further analysis challenging. Correcting alignment is difficult in that the motion is not uniform over the image. This paper describes a Canny edge-based method for segmentation of the specific organ or region under study, along with a moment-based registration method for the segmented region. Experimental results are provided for a set of intraoperative IR image sequences. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Goddard, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4292 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFN05 UT WOS:000243132300083 ER PT S AU Seely, J Holland, G Bremer, JC Zukowski, T Feser, M Feng, Y Kjornrattanawanich, B Goray, L AF Seely, John Holland, Glenn Bremer, James C. Zukowski, Tim Feser, Michael Feng, Yan Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Goray, Leonid BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Measurement of zone plate efficiencies in the extreme ultraviolet and applications to radiation monitors for absolute spectral emission SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS, COMPONENTS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics, Components and Applications CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fresnel zone plate; extreme ultraviolet; diffraction; solar monitor AB The diffraction efficiencies of a Fresnel zone plate (ZP), fabricated by Xradia Inc. using the electron-beam writing technique, were measured using polarized, monochromatic synchrotron radiation in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range 3.4-22 nm. The ZP had 2 mm diameter, 3330 zones, 150 run outer zone width, and a 1 mm central occulter. The ZP was supported by a 100 rim thick Si3N4 membrane. The diffraction patterns were recorded by CMOS imagers with phosphor coatings and with 5.2 mu m or 48 mu m pixels. The focused +n orders (n=1-4), the diverging -1 order, and the undiffracted 0 order were observed as functions of wavelength and off-axis tilt angle. Sub-pixel focusing of the +n orders was achieved. The measured efficiency in the +1 order was in the 5% to 30% range with the phase-shift enhanced efficiency occurring at 8.3 nm where the gold bars are partially transmitting. The +2 and higher order efficiencies were much lower than the +1 order efficiency. The efficiencies were constant when the zone plate was tilted by angles up to +/- 1 degrees from the incident radiation beam. This work indicates the feasibility and benefits of using zone plates to measure the absolute EUV spectral emissions from solar and laboratory sources: relatively high EUV efficiency in the focused +1 order, good out-of-band rejection resulting from the low higher-order efficiencies and the ZP focusing properties, insensitivity to (unfocused) visible light scattered by the ZP, flat response with off-axis angle, and insensitivity to the polarization of the radiation based on the ZP circular symmetry. EUV sensors with Fresnel zone plates potentially have many advantages over existing sensors intended to accurately measure absolute EUV emission levels, such as those implemented on the GOES N-P satellites that use transmission gratings which have off-axis sensitivity variations and poor out-of-band EUV and visible light rejection, and other solar and laboratory sensors using reflection gratings which are subject to response variations caused by surface contamination and oxidation. C1 [Seely, John; Holland, Glenn; Bremer, James C.; Zukowski, Tim; Feser, Michael; Feng, Yan; Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan; Goray, Leonid] USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [NAS501090] FX The NRL work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Swales Aerospace was supported by NASA contract NAS501090. NSLS is operated by the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6396-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6317 AR 63170N DI 10.1117/12.678142 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFI15 UT WOS:000241972700019 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Uspenskii, YA Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL AF Seely, John F. Uspenskii, Yurii A. Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Windt, David L. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Coated photodiode technique for the determination of the optical constants of reactive elements: La and Tb SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS, COMPONENTS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics, Components and Applications CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical constants; extreme ultraviolet; La; Ta ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; REFLECTIVITY; SCANDIUM; MIRRORS AB A novel technique, utilizing thin films with protective capping layers deposited onto silicon photodiode substrates, has been developed to accurately determine the optical constants of reactive elements such as the rare earths and transition metals. Depositing protected layers on photodiode substrates has three primary advantages over the study of the transmittance of free-standing films and the angle-dependent reflectance of coatings on mirror substrates. First, it is easy to deposit a thin protective capping layer that prevents oxidation or contamination of the underlying reactive layer. Second, very thin layers of materials that have intrinsically low transmittance can be studied. Third, the optical constants are determined from the bulk properties of the protected layer and are not influenced by reflectance from the top surface that can be affected by oxidation or contamination. These and other benefits of this technique will be discussed, and results for La and Tb will be presented. The determined optical constants are significantly different from the CXRO and other tabulated values. The rare earth (lanthanide) elements with atomic numbers 57-71 have 5d or 4f open shells, and this open shell structure results in transmission windows in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range > 45 run where materials typically have low transmittance. These transmission windows make possible the fabrication of a new class of multilayer interference coatings, based on rare earth elements, with relatively high peak reflectances and narrow reflectance profiles, both important factors for the imaging of solar and laboratory radiation sources with multilayer telescopes. C1 [Seely, John F.; Uspenskii, Yurii A.; Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan; Windt, David L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NSLS is operated by the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6396-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6317 AR 63170T DI 10.1117/12.683234 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFI15 UT WOS:000241972700024 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral detection algorithms: From old ideas to operational concepts to next generation - art. no. 623305 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE hyperspectral; detection; algorithm; linear mixing model AB Some of the earliest concepts for detecting targets with hyperspectral systems have not been realized in practice in real time systems. First we review some of the earliest approaches, most of which were based on simplistic models of hyperspectral clutter. Next, the algorithms employed by the first operational sensors are reviewed, and their relationship to the earlier naive models are discussed. Variants that are likely to be incorporated in the next generation systems are described. Finally, we speculate on the prospects of some futuristic detection methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6289-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6233 BP 23305 EP 23305 AR 623305 DI 10.1117/12.665754 PN 1&2 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES78 UT WOS:000239353500005 ER PT S AU Leathers, RA Schaum, AP Downes, TV AF Leathers, Robert A. Schaum, Alan P. Downes, Trijntje Valerie BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Signature evolution with covariance equalization in oblique hyperspectral imagery - art. no. 623307 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE hyperspectral; oblique; object detection; matched filter; covariance equalization; atmospheric compensation AB Covariance equalization (CE) is a method by which one can predict the change in an objects's hyperspectral signature due to changes in sun position, atmospheric conditions, and viewing angle and range. Specifically, CE produces a linear transformation that relates the object's signature as measured at the sensor at a particular time to that measured at another time and under different conditions. The transformation is based on the background statistics of a scene imaged at the two times. Although CE was derived under the assumption that the two images cover mostly the same geographic area, it also has been found to work well for objects that have moved from one location to another. The CE technique has been previously verified with data from a nadir-viewing visible hyperspectral camera. In this paper, however, we show results from the application of CE to highly oblique hyperspectral SWIR data. We evaluate the utility of CE primaily through its effectiveness in transforming signatures acquired under one set of conditions for application to matched-filter object detection under a second set of conditions (e.g., view angle, slant range, altitude, atmospheric conditions, and time of day). Object detection with highly oblique sensors (75 deg. to 80 deg. off-nadir) is far more difficult than with nadir-viewing sensors for several reasons: increased atmospheric optical thickness, which results in lower signal-to-noise and higher adjacency effects; fewer pixels on object; the effects of the nonuniformity of the bidirection reflectance function of most man-made objects; and the change in pixel size when measurements are taken at different slant ranges. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5600,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6289-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6233 BP 23307 EP 23307 AR 623307 DI 10.1117/12.669136 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES78 UT WOS:000239353500007 ER PT S AU Puetz, AM Olsen, RC AF Puetz, Angela M. Olsen, R. C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Haralick texture features expanded into the spectral domain - art. no. 623311 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE spatial-spectral; Haralick texture features; spectral texture; co-occurrence matrix AB Robert M. Haralick, et. al., described a technique for computing texture features based on gray-level spatial dependencies using a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)(1). The traditional GLCM process quantizes a grayscale image into a small number of discrete gray-level bins. The number and arrangement of spatially co-occurring gray-levels in an image is then statistically analyzed. The output of the traditional GLCM process is a gray-scale image with values corresponding to the intensity of the statistical measure. A method to calculate Spectral Texture is modeled on Haralick's texture features. This Spectral Texture Method uses spectral-similarity spatial dependencies (rather than gray-level spatial dependencies). In the Spectral Texture Method, a spectral image is quantized based on discrete spectral angle ranges. Each pixel in the image is compared to an exemplar spectrum, and a quantized image is created in which pixel values correspond to a spectral similarity value. Statistics are calculated on spatially co-occurring spectral-similarity values. Comparisons between Haralick Texture Features and the Spectral Texture Method results are made, and possible uses of Spectral Texture features are discussed. C1 US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Puetz, AM (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6289-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6233 BP 23311 EP 23311 AR 623311 DI 10.1117/12.665699 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES78 UT WOS:000239353500035 ER PT S AU Helt, M Olsen, RC Puetz, AM AF Helt, Michael Olsen, R. C. Puetz, Angela M. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Analysis of LIDAR and spectral imagery for scene classification in forested areas SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE LIDAR; terrain classification; tree type identification AB LIDAR data taken over the Elkhorn Slough in Central California were analyzed for terrain classification. The specific terrain element of interest is vegetation, and in particular, tree type. Data taken on April 12th, 2005, were taken over a 10 km x 20 km region which is mixed use agriculture and wetlands. Time return and intensity were obtained at similar to 2.5 in postings. Multi-spectral imagery from QuickBird was used from a 2002 imaging pass to guide analysis. Ground truth was combined with the orthorectified satellite imagery to determine regions of interest for areas with Eucalyptus, Scrub Oak, Live Oak, and Monterey Cyprus trees. LIDAR temporal returns could be used to distinguish regions with trees from cultivated and bare soil areas. Some tree types could be distinguished on the basis of the relationship between first/last extracted feature returns. The otherwise similar Eucalyptus and Monterey Cyprus could be distinguished by means of the intensity information from the imaging LIDAR. The combined intensity and temporal data allowed accurate distinction between the tree types, a task not otherwise practical with the satellite spectral imagery. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Helt, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6289-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6233 BP U618 EP U626 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES78 UT WOS:000239353500059 ER PT S AU Porter, MA Olsen, RC Harkins, RM Puetz, AM AF Porter, Michael A. Olsen, Richard C. Harkins, Richard M. Puetz, Angela M. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI SO2 quantification using the LINUS UV imaging spectrometer - art. no. 62330Y SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE Sulfur Dioxide (SO2); remote sensing; ultraviolet (UV); spectral imaging; LINUS AB The Lineate Imaging Near Ultraviolet Spectrometer (LINUS)(1,2) has been used to remotely detect and measure sulfur dioxide (SO2). The sensor was calibrated in the lab, with curves of growth created for the 0.29 - 0.3 mu spectral range of the LINUS sensor. Field observations were made of a coal burning plant in St. John's, Arizona at a range of 537 m. The Salt River Coronado plant stacks were emitting on average about 100 ppm and 200 ppm from the left and right stacks respectively. Analysis of the LINUS data matched those values within twenty percent. Possible uses for this technology include remote verification of industry emissions and detection of unreported SO2 sources. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porter, MA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6289-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6233 BP Y2330 EP Y2330 AR 62330Y DI 10.1117/12.668728 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES78 UT WOS:000239353500032 ER PT S AU Kovacs, Z Henits, P Zhilyaev, AP Chinh, NQ Revesz, A AF Kovacs, Zs. Henits, P. Zhilyaev, A. P. Chinh, N. Q. Revesz, A. BE Poole, WJ Wells, MA Lloyd, DJ TI Microstructural characterization of the crystallization sequence of a severe plastically deformed Al-Ce-Ni-Co amorphous alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 2006, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA-10) CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA DE primary Al nanocrystallization; Al-based metallic glass; high pressure torsion (HPT) ID INDUCED NANOCRYSTAL FORMATION; METALLIC GLASSES; AL85CE5NI8CO2; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM AB Discs of Al(85)Ce(8)NiSCO(2) amorphous alloy were severely deformed by high pressure torsion. Severe plastic deformation exceeding equivalent strain of 8.2 induces the formation of nanocrystalline fcc-Al in a more stable residual amorphous matrix. Calorimetric and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the deformed outer part of the disc crystallizes into a mixture of equilibrium phases during the first thermal event. However, in the amorphous ribbon the same crystalline mixture develops only after the second stage. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Eng, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Kovacs, Z (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM kovacszs@metal.elte.hu RI Kovacs, Zsolt/A-8091-2010; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Kovacs, Zsolt/0000-0001-6802-3311; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-408-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 519-521 BP 1329 EP 1334 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEZ41 UT WOS:000240309000211 ER PT J AU Crum, HF AF Crum, HF TI Young man with asymptomatic lung cysts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA,Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, HF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA,Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.025 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 006QM UT WOS:000234912000011 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Rauh, MJ Brodine, SK Trone, DW Macera, CA AF Shaffer, RA Rauh, MJ Brodine, SK Trone, DW Macera, CA TI Predictors of stress fracture susceptibility in young female recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injuries; menstrual status; military; women ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; RISK-FACTORS; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; DISTANCE RUNNERS; ARMY RECRUITS; INJURY RATES; WOMEN; PREVENTION; TRAINEES; GENDER AB Background: Stress fractures account for substantial morbidity for young women undergoing U.S. Marine Corps basic training. Hypothesis: Certain pretraining characteristics identify women at increased risk of stress fractures during boot camp. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Data collected included baseline performance on a timed run (a measure of aerobic fitness), anthropometric measurements, and a baseline questionnaire highlighting exercise and menstrual status among 2962 women undergoing basic training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, in 1995 and 1996. Results: One hundred fifty-two recruits (5.1%) had 181 confirmed lower extremity stress fractures, with the most common sites being the tibia (25%), metatarsals (22%), pelvis (22%), and femur (20%). Logistic regression models revealed that having low aerobic fitness (a slower time on the timed run) and no menses during the past year were significantly associated with the occurrence of any stress fracture and with pelvic or femoral stress fracture during boot camp. Conclusion: These findings suggest that stress fractures may be reduced if women entering Marine Corps Recruit Depot training participated in pretraining activities designed to improve aerobic fitness. Furthermore, women reporting no menses during the previous year may need additional observation during training. Clinical Relevance: Consistent with previous studies, we found that low aerobic fitness was the only modifiable risk factor associated with stress fractures during boot camp. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Musculoskeletal Injury Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Grad Program Orthopaed & Sports Phys Therapy, Provo, UT USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Musculoskeletal Injury Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM trone@nhrc.navy.mil NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1177/0363546505278703 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 999HQ UT WOS:000234380800014 PM 16170040 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Girgis, FY Luby, SP Jennings, G Wasfy, MO Crump, JA Hoekstra, RM Anwer, M Mahoney, FJ AF Srikantiah, P Girgis, FY Luby, SP Jennings, G Wasfy, MO Crump, JA Hoekstra, RM Anwer, M Mahoney, FJ TI Population-based surveillance of typhoid fever in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHI; RISK-FACTORS; BONE-MARROW; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SEROTYPE TYPHI; RECTAL-SWAB; BLOOD; INDONESIA; MORTALITY AB Credible measures of disease incidence are necessary to guide typhoid fever control efforts. In Egypt, incidence estimates have been derived from hospital-based syndromic surveillance, which may not represent the population with typhoid fever. To determine the population-based incidence of typhoid fever in Fayoum Governorate (pop. 2,240,000), we established laboratory-based surveillance at five tiers of health care. Incidence estimates were adjusted for sampling and test sensitivity. Of 1,815 patients evaluated, cultures yielded 90 (5%) Salmonella Typhi isolates. The estimated incidence of typhoid fever was 59/100,000 persons/year. We estimate 71% of typhoid fever patients are managed by primary care providers. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was isolated from 26 (29%) patients. Population-based surveillance indicates moderate typhoid fever incidence in Fayoum, and a concerning prevalence of MDR typhoid. The majority of patients are evaluated at the primary care level and would not have been detected by hospital-based surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Srikantiah, P (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, 995 Potrero Ave,Box 0874,Bldg 80,Ward 84, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM psrikant@itsa.ucsf.edu; sluby@icddrb.org; jenningsg@namru3.org; wafsym@namru3.org; jcrump@cdc.gov; mhoekstra@cdc.gov; mahoneyf@emro.who.int RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800018 PM 16407354 ER PT J AU Wierzba, TF Abdel-Messih, IA Abu-Elyazeed, R Putnam, SD Kamal, KA Rozmajzl, P Ahmed, SF Fatah, A Zabedy, K Shaheen, HI Sanders, J Frenck, R AF Wierzba, TF Abdel-Messih, IA Abu-Elyazeed, R Putnam, SD Kamal, KA Rozmajzl, P Ahmed, SF Fatah, A Zabedy, K Shaheen, HI Sanders, J Frenck, R TI Clinic-based surveillance for bacterial- and rotavirus-associated diarrhea in Egyptian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DISEASE-CONTROL; PERIURBAN AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CAMPYLOBACTER; IDENTIFICATION; INFANTS; AFRICA AB To identify enteropathogens for vaccine development, we implemented clinic-based surveillance for severe pediatric diarrhea in Egypt's Nile River Delta. Over 2 years, a physician clinically evaluated and obtained stool samples for microbiology from patients with diarrhea and less than 6 years of age. In the first (N = 714) and second clinic (N = 561), respectively, 36% (N = 254) and 46% (N = 260) of children were infected with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter, or Shigella. When excluding mixed rotavirus-bacterial infections, for the first and second clinic, 23% and 10% had rotavirus-associated diarrhea, and 14% and 17% had ETEC-associated diarrhea, respectively. Campylobacter-associated diarrhea was 1% and 3%, and Shigella-associated diarrhea was 2% and 1%, respectively, for the two clinics. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea peaked in late summer to early winter, while bacterial agents were prevalent during summer. Rotavirus-associated cases presented with dehydration, vomiting, and were often hospitalized. Children with Shigella- or Campylobacter-associated diarrhea reported as watery diarrhea and rarely dysentery. ETEC did not have any clinically distinct characteristics. For vaccine development and/or deployment, our study suggests that rotavirus is of principle concern, followed by ETEC, Shigella, and Campylobacter. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Wierzba, TF (reprint author), 6190 Kathmandu Palace, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM wierzbat@who.org.np; adibi@namru3.med.navy.mil; remon.abu-elyazeed@gsk.com; putnam@namru2.org; kamalk@menanet.net; rozmajzlp@nmrc.navy.mil; fouads@namru3.med.navy.mil; shaheenh@namru3.med.navy.mil; sandersj@namru3.navy.med.mil; rfrenck@uclacvr.labiomed.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800024 PM 16407360 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Berti, L Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, Kim E. Berti, Lorenzo Medintz, Igor L. TI Materials for fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis: Beyond traditional donor-acceptor combinations SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE dyes; fluorophores; FRET (fluorescence resonant energy transfer); nanoparticles; quantum dots ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LIGHT-HARVESTING DENDRIMERS; MOLECULAR BEACON BIOSENSORS; METAL-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; QUANTUM DOTS; LIVING CELLS; IN-VIVO; SILVER NANOPARTICLES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Natl Res Ctr Nanostruct & Biosyst, S3, INFM, CNR, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 317 TC 768 Z9 783 U1 70 U2 572 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 4562 EP 4588 DI 10.1002/anie.200503873 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 064HN UT WOS:000239079900006 PM 16819760 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Wagner, R Boatz, JA Yousufuddin, M Etzkorn, M Prakash, GKS Christe, KO Chapman, RD Welker, ME Kreutzberger, CB AF Haiges, Ralf Wagner, Ross Boatz, Jerry A. Yousufuddin, Muhammed Etzkorn, Markus Prakash, G. K. Surya Christe, Karl O. Chapman, Robert D. Welker, Mark E. Kreutzberger, Charles B. TI Preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of the SO(3)NHF(-) and SO(3)NF(2)(-) ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE difluoroamines; fluorine; structure elucidation; sulfamates ID CENTER-DOT H3NSO3; DIRECT FLUORINATION; HYDROGEN SULFAMATE; SULFURIC-ACID; DIFLUORAMINE; ALKYLATION C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, AFRL,PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu; robert.chapman@navy.mil RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 31 BP 5179 EP 5184 DI 10.1002/anie.200601020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074JM UT WOS:000239808500022 PM 16927336 ER PT S AU Han, DK Pecht, MG Anand, DK Kavetsky, R AF Han, David K. Pecht, Michael G. Anand, Davinder K. Kavetsky, Robert GP IEEE TI Energetic Material/Systems prognostics SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2007 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE prognostics; energetics; reliability; explosives; propellants; in-situ sensors ID HYDROCARBONS AB The US military and weapons industries require their weapon systems to be reliable. As inexpensive miniaturized sensors and affordable simulation tools have become available, the prognostics method has begun to attract the attention of engineers seeking a new way to increase and optimize system reliability. This paper presents the tools currently available and being developed for prognostics of military energetic systems. Key elements of the study were assessments of available energetic material models, as well as current and future sensors for monitoring the health of energetic systems. A roadmap for developing prognostic methodologies is proposed. C1 [Han, David K.; Anand, Davinder K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pecht, Michael G.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, PHMC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kavetsky, Robert] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head 20640, MD USA. RP Han, DK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM david_han@cecd.umd.edu; pecht@eng.umd.edu; dkanand@eng.umd.edu; bob.kavetsky@verizon.net NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-0-7803-9766-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2006 BP 59 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGS99 UT WOS:000250381800011 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI Responding to surprise SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Political Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE terrorism; intelligence; Pearl Harbor; al Qaeda; September 11; 2001; surprise attack; commissions ID COMMISSION AB This essay explores governmental and scholarly responses to the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Both events caught intelligence analysts, military officers, and elected officials by surprise. This essay describes the differences between the two events, especially in the ways official inquiries have helped shape our understanding of why the surprise occurred. Before both events, data suggesting that attacks were possible or even probable were available within the "intelligence pipeline." The essay focuses on how scholars and official investigations reported and explained that finding. It also identifies continuities between the investigations that followed the Japanese and al Qaeda attacks on the United States. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jwirtz@nps.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1094-2939 J9 ANNU REV POLIT SCI JI Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. PY 2006 VL 9 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.062404.170600 PG 21 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 062XN UT WOS:000238980300004 ER PT B AU Golynsky, A Chiappini, M Damaske, D Ferraccioli, F Finn, CA Ishihara, T Kim, HR Kovacs, L Masolov, VN Morris, P von Frese, R AF Golynsky, A Chiappini, M Damaske, D Ferraccioli, F Finn, CA Ishihara, T Kim, HR Kovacs, L Masolov, VN Morris, P von Frese, R BE Futterer, DK Damaske, D Kleinschmidt, G Miller, H Tessensohn, F TI ADMAP -A digital magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic SO ANTARCTICA: CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Potsdam Univ, Potsdam, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sci Comm Antarctic Res, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Meeresforsch, Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Cambridge Univ Press, Helicopter New Zealand Ltd, Helicopter Resources Pty Ltd, Kassbohrer Gelandefahrzeug AG, Reederei Ferdinand Laiesz, Rieber Shipping Norway HO Potsdam Univ ID TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; VICTORIA LAND; WEDDELL SEA; ROSS SEA; GONDWANA AB For a number of years the multi-national ADMAP working group has been compiling near surface and satellite magnetic data in the region south of 60 degrees S. By the end of 2000, a 5 km grid of magnetic anomalies was produced for the entire region. The map readily portrays the first-order magnetic differences between oceanic and continental regions. The magnetic anomaly pattern over the continent reflects many phases of geological history whilst that over the abyssal plains of the surrounding oceans is dominated mostly by patterns of linear seafloor spreading anomalies and fracture zones. The Antarctic compilation reveals terranes of varying ages, including Proterozoic-Archaean cratons, Proterozoic-Palaeozoic mobile belts, Palaeozoic-Cenozoic magmatic arc systems and other important crustal features. The map delineates intra-continental rifts and major rifts along the Antarctic continental margin, the regional extent of plutons and volcanics, such as the Ferrar dolerites and Kirkpatrick basalts. The magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic together with other geological and geophysical information provides new perspectives on the break-up of Gondwana and Rodinia evolution. C1 VNIIOkeangeol, Angliysky Ave 1, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. INGV, I-00143 Rome, Italy. BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. Univ Genoa, DIPTERIS, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver 80255, CO USA. Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PMGRE, Lomonosov 189510, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP VNIIOkeangeol, Angliysky Ave 1, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. EM sasha@vniio.nw.ru NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-30673-0 PY 2006 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-32934-X_12 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BEB93 UT WOS:000236632500012 ER PT J AU Lujan, E Howard, R AF Lujan, E Howard, R TI Venous bicarbonate correlates linearly with arterial base deficit only if pH is constant SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Howard, R (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rhoward@ucsd.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1 BP 105 EP 105 DI 10.1001/archsurg.141.1.105-a PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 000WR UT WOS:000234493600024 PM 16415422 ER PT J AU Katritzky, AR Singh, SK Meher, NK Doskocz, J Suzuki, K Jiang, R Sommen, GL Ciaramitaro, DA Steel, PJ AF Katritzky, Alan R. Singh, Sandeep K. Meher, Nabin K. Doskocz, Jacek Suzuki, Kazuyuki Jiang, Rong Sommen, Geoffroy L. Ciaramitaro, David A. Steel, Peter J. TI Triazole-oligomers by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition SO ARKIVOC LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition; microwaves; alkynes; azides; triazoles ID CYCLO-ADDITION REACTIONS; ACETYLENIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC AZIDES; POLYMERIZATION; AGENTS; ACIDS AB A variety of triazole-oligomers have been prepared under microwave and conventional conditions from novel alkynes and azides. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Wroclaw Tech Univ, Dept Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Katritzky@chem.ufl.edu NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU ARKAT USA INC PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA SN 1424-6376 J9 ARKIVOC JI Arkivoc PY 2006 BP 43 EP 62 PN 5 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 139KV UT WOS:000244431600005 ER PT S AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI Programmable numerical function generators based on quadratic approximation: Architecture and synthesis method SO ASP-DAC 2006: 11TH ASIA AND SOUTH PACIFIC DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference CY JAN 24-27, 2006 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, ACM SIGDA, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Japan Natl Tourist Org, City Yokohama AB This paper presents an architecture and a synthesis method for programmable numerical function generators (NFGs) for trigonometric, logarithmic, square root, and reciprocal functions. Our NFG partitions a given domain of the function into non-uniform segments using an LUT cascade, and approximates the given function by a quadratic polynomial for each segment. Thus, we can implement fast and compact NFGs for a wide range of functions. Implementation results on an FPGA show that: 1) our NFGs require only 4% of the memory needed by NFGs based on the linear approximation with non-uniform segmentation; and 2) our NFGs require only 22% of the memory needed by NFGs based on the 5th-order approximation with uniform segmentation. Our automatic synthesis system generates such compact NFGs quickly. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept CE, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept ECE, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept CE, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); NSA [RM A-54] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Kitakyushu innovative cluster project, and NSA Contract RM A-54. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6961 BN 0-7803-9451-8 J9 ASIA S PACIF DES AUT PY 2006 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1109/ASPDAC.2006.1594712 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEG60 UT WOS:000237227500077 ER PT S AU Segerman, AM Policastri, L Richardson, D AF Segerman, A. M. Policastri, Lisa Richardson, D. L. BE Williams, BG DAmario, LA Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI Analytical ephemerides for the satellites of Neptune SO Astrodynamics 2005, Vol 123, Pts 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID MAIN PROBLEM; NEREID; ECCENTRICITY; ORBITS; SYSTEM AB Analytical ephemerides for the motion of Neptune's satellites Triton and Nereid, with their unusual orbital characteristics, present challenges which require sophisticated perturbation methods. Such methods were earlier used to develop a theory for Triton and Nereid, intended to be accurate to approximately 0.01 arc seconds over 300 years. In this paper, the full ephemerides are presented, with the lengthy analytical solutions made available via FORTRAN driver. Additionally, an interpolation algorithm has been constructed for rapidly extracting intermediate values from the full ephemerides. Using Satellite Tool Kit (STK), an investigation has been performed into the solution accuracy, the results of which are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-8770-3527-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 123 BP 673 EP 692 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEL45 UT WOS:000237804700037 ER PT S AU Ross, IM AF Ross, I. Michael BE Williams, BG DAmario, LA Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI A historical introduction to the covector mapping principle SO Astrodynamics 2005, Vol 123, Pts 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS; TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE; COLLOCATION AB In 1696, Johann Bernoulli solved the brachistochrone problem by an ingenious method of combining Fermat's principle of minimum time, Snell's law of refraction and "finite element" discretization. This appears to be the first application of a "direct method." By taking the limits of these "broken-line solutions," Bernoulli arrived at an equation for the cycloid. About fifty years later (1744), Euler generalized Bernoulli's direct method for the general problem of finding optimal curves and derived the now-famous Euler-Lagrange equations. Lagrange's contribution did not come until 1755 when he (Lagrange) showed that Euler's result could be arrived at by an alternative route of a new calculus. Lagrange's ideas superceded the Bernoulli-Euler method and paved the way for a calculus of variations that culminated in the 1930s at the University of Chicago. In the late 1950s, the complexity of these variational equations were dramatically reduced by the landmark results of Bellman and Pontryagin. Their results are connected to Karush's generalization of Lagrange's yet-another-idea of "undetermined" multipliers. The simplicity of their equations also came with an amazing bonus of greater generality that engineers could now conceive of applying their results to practical problems. In recognizing that the elegant methods of Bellman and Pontryagin were not scalable to space trajectory optimization, astrodynamicists developed a broad set of computational tools that frequently required deep physical insights to solve real-world mission planning problems. In parallel, mathematicians discovered that the equations of Bellman and Pontryagin were incompatible with the original ideas of Bernoulli and Euler. Since the 1960s, intense research within the mathematical community has lead to the notion of "hidden convexity," set-valued analysis, geometric integrators and many other mathematical topics that have immediate practical consequences, particularly to simplifying complex mission planning problems. This is the story of the covector mapping principle. When combined with a modern computer, it renders difficult trajectory optimization problems remarkably easy that it is now possible to routinely generate even real-time solutions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro, Code ME Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-8770-3527-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 123 BP 1257 EP 1277 PN 1-3 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEL45 UT WOS:000237804701020 ER PT S AU Segerman, AM Zedd, MF AF Segerman, A. M. Zedd, M. F. BE Williams, BG DAmario, LA Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI Perturbed equations of motion for formation flight near the Sun-Earth L-2 point SO Astrodynamics 2005, Vol 123, Pts 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB NASA is planning missions to the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L-2 point, some involving a distributed system of telescope spacecraft, configured in a plane about a hub. Several sets of differential equations are written for the formation flight of such telescopes relative to the hub, with varying levels of fidelity. Effects are cast as additive perturbations to the circular restricted three-body problem, expanded in terms of the system distances, to an accuracy of 10-20 m. These include Earth's orbital eccentricity, lunar motion, solar radiation pressure, and small thrusting forces. Simulations validating the expanded differential equations are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-8770-3527-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 123 BP 1381 EP 1400 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEL45 UT WOS:000237804701027 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Galysh, I Kalmanson, P Bruninga, B AF Nicholas, A. C. Thonnard, S. E. Galysh, I. Kalmanson, P. Bruninga, B. BE Williams, BG DAmario, LA Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI An overview of the ANDE risk reduction flight SO Astrodynamics 2005, Vol 123, Pts 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; MIDDLE AB The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment Risk Reduction (ANDERR) flight is a mission proposed by the Naval Research Laboratory to monitor the thermospheric neutral density at an altitude of 400km. The primary mission objective is to test the deployment mechanism from the Space Shuttle for the ANDE flight in 2008. Scientific objectives of the ANDE risk reduction flight include; monitor total neutral density along the orbit for improved orbit determination of resident space objects, monitor the spin rate and orientation of the spacecraft, provide a test object for polarimetry studies using the HI-CLASS system. The mission consists of two spherical spacecraft fitted with retro-reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). Each spacecraft contains a small light-weight payload designed to determine the spin rate and orientation of the spacecraft from on-orbit measurements and from ground based observations. A unique design requirement of one satellite is to telemeter the data to the ground without external protrusions from the spherical spacecraft (i.e. an antenna). This satellite will carry a communications system developed by the USNA that uses two aluminum hemispheres as the ends of a dipole antenna, at amateur radio frequencies. This system will act as a backup communications platform in the full ANDE mission, planned for 2008. The techniques for determining spin rate and orientation of the satellite include: an orthogonal array of photovoltaic cells, an orthogonal array of laser diodes (to be observed by the HI-CLASS sensors at the Air Force Maui Space Surveillance Site), and variations in the light reflected by the ANDE sphere, which will have a specific pattern of different surface finishes. This paper presents a mission overview and emphasis will be placed on the design, optical layout, performance, ground station, ground truth, and science capabilities of the mission. The ANDE flights are integrated and managed under the direction of the Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program (STP), Human Spaceflight Payloads Office, at NASA's Johnson Space Center. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-8770-3527-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 123 BP 2389 EP 2405 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEL45 UT WOS:000237804702031 ER PT S AU Fleming, A Ross, IM AF Fleming, Andrew Ross, I. Michael BE Williams, BG DAmario, LA Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI Singularity-free optimal steering of control moment gyros SO Astrodynamics 2005, Vol 123, Pts 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID SYSTEMS; SPACECRAFT; LAW AB Research on the attitude control of spacecraft using control moment gyros (CMGs) has been largely dominated by singularity avoidance. In this paper, we show that the singularity problem disappears if the control is properly identified in terms of the actuator inputs rather than the torques on the spacecraft body. Under this formulation, the spacecraft can now be properly steered. Although any optimality criterion may be used for steering, we choose time-optimality as it a fundamental problem in both control theory and spacecraft attitude maneuvering. Results for a small spacecraft based on the parameters of NPSAT1demonstrate the details of our approach. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Fleming, A (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, 5360 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-8770-3527-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 123 BP 2681 EP 2700 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEL45 UT WOS:000237804702047 ER PT J AU Homer, L Szkody, P Chen, B Henden, A Schmidt, G Anderson, SF Silvestri, NM Brinkmann, J AF Homer, L Szkody, P Chen, B Henden, A Schmidt, G Anderson, SF Silvestri, NM Brinkmann, J TI XMM-Newton and optical follow-up observations of SDSS J093249.57+472523.0 and SDSS J102347.67+003841.2 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SDSS J093249.57+472523.0, SDSS J102347.67+003841.2); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : stars ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY TRANSIENTS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; 1ST J102347.6+003841; QUIESCENCE; BINARIES; SYSTEMS AB We report follow-up XMM-Newton and ground-based optical observations of the unusual X-ray binary SDSS J102347.67+003841.2 (=FIRST J102347.6+003841) and a new candidate intermediate polar (IP) found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: SDSS J093249.57+472523.0. SDSS J1023 was observed in its low state, with similar magnitude/color (V = 17.4 and B = 17.9) and smooth orbital modulation as seen in most previous observations. We further refine the ephemeris ( for photometric minimum) to HJD(TT)(min) = 2,453,081.8546(3)+E0.198094(1) days. It is easily detected in X-rays at an unabsorbed flux (0.01-10.0 keV) of 5x10(-13) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). Fitting a variety of models we find that (1) either a hot (kT greater than or similar to 15 keV) optically thin plasma emission model (bremsstrahlung or MEKAL) or a simple power law can provide adequate fits to the data; (2) these models prefer a low column density similar to 10(19) cm(-2); (3) a neutron star atmosphere plus power-law model (as found for quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries) can also produce a good fit (for plausible distances), although only for a much higher column approximate to 4x10(20) cm(-2) and a very cool atmosphere (kT less than or similar to 50 eV). These results support the case that SDSS J1023 is a transient LMXB and indeed place it in the subclass of such systems whose quiescent X-ray emission is dominated by a hard power-law component. Our optical photometry of SDSS J0932 reveals that it is a high-inclination eclipsing system. From our two epochs of data and seven eclipse times, we are able to derive a best-fit ephemeris for minimum light: HJD(TT) min 2,453,122.2324(1)+E0.0661618(4) days, although aliases, with one cycle count different between epochs, are acceptable. The X-ray spectrum is well fit by either a hard bremsstrahlung or power law, with a partial covering absorption model, with a high covering fraction similar to 0.9 and column approximate to 10(23) cm(-2). Combined with its optical characteristics-high excitation emission lines and its brightness, yielding a large F-X/F-opt ratio-this highly absorbed X-ray spectrum argues that SDSS J0932 is a strong IP candidate. However, only more extensive optical photometry and a detection of its spin or spin-orbit beat frequency can confirm this classification. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ESA Vilspa, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid, Spain. European Space Technol Ctr, VEGA IT GMBH, Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Homer, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM homer@astro.washington.edu NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1086/498346 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001TU UT WOS:000234561300041 ER PT J AU Harris, HC Munn, JA Kilic, M Liebert, J Williams, KA von Hippel, T Levine, SE Monet, DG Eisenstein, DJ Kleinman, SJ Metcalfe, TS Nitta, A Winget, DE Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Smith, JA Schneider, DP AF Harris, HC Munn, JA Kilic, M Liebert, J Williams, KA von Hippel, T Levine, SE Monet, DG Eisenstein, DJ Kleinman, SJ Metcalfe, TS Nitta, A Winget, DE Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Smith, JA Schneider, DP TI The white dwarf luminosity function from Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; solar neighborhood; stars : kinematics; stars : luminosity function, mass function white; dwarfs ID PROPER MOTION STARS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CETI INSTABILITY STRIP; HALO DARK-MATTER; DATA RELEASE; USNO-B; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAX; NORTHERN STARS; GALACTIC DISK; HYDROGEN-RICH AB A sample of white dwarfs is selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3 using their reduced proper motions, based on improved proper motions from combined SDSS and USNO-B data. Numerous SDSS and follow-up spectra (Kilic and coworkers) are used to quantify completeness and contamination of the sample; kinematics models are used to understand and correct for velocity-dependent selection biases. A luminosity function is constructed covering the range 7 < M-bol < 16, and its sensitivity to various assumptions and selection limits is discussed. The white dwarf luminosity function based on 6000 stars is remarkably smooth and rises nearly monotonically to M-bol = 15.3. It then drops abruptly, although the small number of low-luminosity stars in the sample and their unknown atmospheric composition prevent quantitative conclusions about this decline. Stars are identified that may have high tangential velocities, and a preliminary luminosity function is constructed for them. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Apache Point Obser, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM hch@nofs.navy.mil RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 NR 68 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.1086/497966 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001TU UT WOS:000234561300042 ER PT J AU Kilic, M Munn, JA Harris, HC Liebert, J von Hippel, T Williams, KA Metcalfe, TS Winget, DE Levine, SE AF Kilic, M Munn, JA Harris, HC Liebert, J von Hippel, T Williams, KA Metcalfe, TS Winget, DE Levine, SE TI Cool white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; white dwarfs ID 1ST DATA RELEASE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALACTIC DISK; DARK-MATTER; USNO-B; STARS; CATALOG; AGE; OLD AB A reduced proper motion diagram utilizing Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry and astrometry and USNO-B plate astrometry is used to separate cool white dwarf candidates from metal-weak, high-velocity, main-sequence Population II stars (subdwarfs) in the SDSS Data Release 2 imaging area. Follow-up spectroscopy using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, the MMT, and the McDonald 2.7 m telescope is used to demonstrate that the white dwarf and subdwarf loci separate cleanly in the reduced proper motion diagram and that the contamination by subdwarfs is small near the cool white dwarf locus. This enables large, statistically complete samples of white dwarfs, particularly the poorly understood cool white dwarfs, to be created from the SDSS imaging survey, with important implications for white dwarf luminosity function studies. SDSS photometry for our sample of cool white dwarfs is compared to current white dwarf models. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kilic, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kilic@astro.as.utexas.edu RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 NR 48 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 582 EP 599 DI 10.1086/497962 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001TU UT WOS:000234561300043 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Lane, WM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Cotton, WD Perley, RA Condon, JJ Erickson, WC AF Cohen, AS Lane, WM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Cotton, WD Perley, RA Condon, JJ Erickson, WC TI The VLA low-frequency Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Granada Workshop on High Redshift Radio Galaxies CY APR 18-20, 2005 CL Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Granada, SPAIN HO Inst Astrofis Andaluc DE galaxies : high redshift; surveys AB We present an overview of the ongoing VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS, formerly known as 4MASS). The VLSS will map an area of 9.1 sr covering the entire sky above a declination of -30 degrees (or 75% of the full sky), at a frequency of 74 MHz (4 meter wavelength) with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and resolution at this low frequency. The observational challenges at this wavelength include radio frequency interference (RFI), ionospheric phase distortions and a large field of view filled with sources. These challenges have been surmounted by a variety of new algorithms. The principle data products from the survey will be a set of publicly available images along with a source catalog of approximately 80 000 objects. Thus we will create an online virtual observatory at this previously unexplored frequency which will complement other major surveys at higher frequencies such as the NVSS. The most efficient way currently know to search for high redshift radio galaxies is to select ultra steep spectrum sources from low frequency surveys. The VLSS represents an excellent opportunity to pursue this method with its unique combination of large sky coverage and very low frequency, which may be especially useful for finding objects at z > 5. The observations are now roughly 50% complete, and we expect to complete most of the rest by late 2005. Current data products and more information are available on our website (URL http://1wa.nrl.navy.mil/VLSS). Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the office of Naval Research. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2006 VL 327 IS 2-3 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1002/asna.200510519 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 025FS UT WOS:000236251300030 ER PT J AU Clarke, TE Ensslin, T AF Clarke, T. E. Ensslin, T. TI Mergers, relics and magnetic fields: The complex case of A2256 SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2005 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Ist Radioastron INAF DE galaxies : clusters : individual (A2256); radio continuum : general; magnetic fields; polarization; turbulence ID X-RAY-CLUSTER; RADIO-SOURCES; GALAXY CLUSTERS; ABELL-2256; EMISSION; HALO AB Clusters of galaxies undergo multiple mergers during their lifetimes. Each merger drives shocks into the intracluster medium (ICM) which can heat the thermal gas, accelerate relativistic particles, and compress magnetic fields. Radio observations toward a number of clusters reveal large regions of diffuse synchrotron emission (halos and relics) which are not associated with individual host galaxies but are general properties of the ICM. Clusters host to this diffuse emission reveal significant evidence of recent or on-going merger activity. We present deep VLA observations of the diffuse radio halo and relic emission in Abell 2256. Our new observations provide the first detailed image of the central diffuse radio halo emission in this cluster. The high fractional polarization of the relic allow us to use Faraday rotation measure observations to place constraints on the merger geometry of the system. In addition, the relic is composed of a number of synchrotron filaments which suggest the presence of spatially intermittent magnetic fields in this cluster. (c) 2006 WILEY NCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Clarke, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tracy.clarke@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2006 VL 327 IS 5-6 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1002/asna.200610586 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063WD UT WOS:000239049700049 ER PT J AU Tucker, DL Kent, S Richmond, MW Annis, J Smith, JA Allam, SS Rodgers, CT Stute, JL Adelman-McCarthy, JK Brinkmann, J Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Fukugita, M Goldston, J Greenway, B Gunn, JE Hendry, JS Hogg, DW Ichikawa, SI Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Lin, H Mckay, TA Merrelli, A Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Richards, GT Schlegel, DJ Stoughton, C Uomoto, A Yanny, B AF Tucker, D. L. Kent, S. Richmond, M. W. Annis, J. Smith, J. A. Allam, S. S. Rodgers, C. T. Stute, J. L. Adelman-McCarthy, J. K. Brinkmann, J. Doi, M. Finkbeiner, D. Fukugita, M. Goldston, J. Greenway, B. Gunn, J. E. Hendry, J. S. Hogg, D. W. Ichikawa, S. -I. Ivezic, Z. Knapp, G. R. Lampeitl, H. Lee, B. C. Lin, H. McKay, T. A. Merrelli, A. Munn, J. A. Neilsen, E. H., Jr. Newberg, H. J. Richards, G. T. Schlegel, D. J. Stoughton, C. Uomoto, A. Yanny, B. TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Monitor Telescope Pipeline SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : image processing; techniques : photometric; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; STANDARD STARS; GALAXY SAMPLE; SYSTEM; PHOTOMETRY; SDSS; REPRESENTATIONS; PROGRAM; CATALOG AB The photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a multi-step process which involves data from three different telescopes: the 1.0-m telescope at the US Naval Observatory (USNO), Flagstaff Station, Arizona (which was used to establish the SDSS standard star network); the SDSS 0.5-m Photometric Telescope (PT) at the Apache Point Observatory (APO), New Mexico (which calculates nightly extinctions and calibrates secondary patch transfer fields); and the SDSS 2.5-m telescope at APO (which obtains the imaging data for the SDSS proper). In this paper, we describe the Monitor Telescope Pipeline, MTPIPE, the software pipeline used in processing the data from the single-CCD telescopes used in the photometric calibration of the SDSS (i.e., the USNO 1.0-m and the PT). We also describe transformation equations that convert photometry on the USNO-1.0m u ' g ' r ' i ' z ' system to photometry the SDSS 2.5m ugriz system and the results of various validation tests of the MTPIPE software. Further, we discuss the semi-automated PT factory, which runs MTPIPE in the day-to-day standard SDSS operations at Fermilab. Finally, we discuss the use of MTPIPE in current SDSS-related projects, including the Southern u ' g ' r ' i ' z ' Standard Star project, the u ' g ' r ' i ' z ' Open Star Clusters project, and the SDSS extension (SDSS-II). (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Tucker, DL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dtucker@fnal.gov RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 52 TC 308 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2006 VL 327 IS 9 BP 821 EP 843 DI 10.1002/asna.200610655 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 101ZV UT WOS:000241781300001 ER PT J AU Jurcsik, J Szeidl, B Varadi, M Henden, A Hurta, Z Lakatos, B Posztobanyi, K Klagyivik, P Sodor, A AF Jurcsik, J Szeidl, B Varadi, M Henden, A Hurta, Z Lakatos, B Posztobanyi, K Klagyivik, P Sodor, A TI The triple-mode pulsating variable V823 cassiopeiae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : V823 Cas; stars : variables : Cepheids; stars : oscillations; stars : evolution; techniques : photometric ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; DELTA-SCUTI STARS; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; PERIOD-LUMINOSITY; AC-ANDROMEDAE; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; BEAT CEPHEIDS; METALLICITY; LMC AB Using extended multicolour CCD photometry of the triple-mode radial pulsator V823 Cas we studied the properties of the coupling frequencies invoked by nonlinear processes. Our results support that a resonance connection affects the mode coupling behaviour. The P1/P0 period ratio of V823 Cas has an "out of range" value if compared with the period ratios of the known double mode pulsators, while the P2/P1 period ratio is normal. The periods and period ratios cannot be consistently interpreted without conflict with pulsation and/or evolution models. We describe this failure with the suggestion that at present, the periods of V823 Cas are in a transient, resonance affected state, thus do not reflect the true parameters of the object. The anomalous period change behaviour of the fundamental and second overtone modes supports this idea. We have also raised the possibility that a f(0) + f(2) = 2f(1) resonance may act in triple mode pulsators. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Expt Phys, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Astron Observ, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Space Res Assoc, USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Jurcsik, J (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ Budapest, POB 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM jurcsik@konkoly.hu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 445 IS 2 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20052876 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 993YK UT WOS:000233995800020 ER PT J AU Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Barentine, JC Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carr, MA Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Hall, PB Harris, FH Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hirata, CM Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Mandelbaum, R Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A O'Mullane, W Okamura, S Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Barentine, JC Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carr, MA Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Hall, PB Harris, FH Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hirata, CM Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Mandelbaum, R Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A O'Mullane, W Okamura, S Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; 1ST DATA RELEASE; GALAXY SAMPLE; USNO-B; CATALOG; QUASAR; ALGORITHM; STARS; CALIBRATION AB This paper describes the Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including all survey-quality data taken through 2004 June. The data release includes five-band photometric data for 180 million objects selected over 6670 deg(2) and 673,280 spectra of galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 4783 deg(2) of those imaging data using the standard SDSS target selection algorithms. These numbers represent a roughly 27% increment over those of the Third Data Release; all the data from previous data releases are included in the present release. The Fourth Data Release also includes an additional 131,840 spectra of objects selected using a variety of alternative algorithms, to address scientific issues ranging from the kinematics of stars in the Milky Way thick disk to populations of faint galaxies and quasars. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Basel, Switzerland. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Akad Pedogog Krakowie, Observ Astron Suborze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Free Univ Brussels, FNRS, Inst Astron & Astrophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adelman-McCarthy, JK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; OI Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Tan, Joshua/0000-0003-3835-8115; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 57 TC 825 Z9 826 U1 2 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 162 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RS UT WOS:000235130700003 ER PT J AU Landi, E Del Zanna, G Young, PR Dere, KP Mason, HE Landini, M AF Landi, E Del Zanna, G Young, PR Dere, KP Mason, HE Landini, M TI CHIANTI - An atomic database for emission lines. VII. New data for X-rays and other improvements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic data; plasmas ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; I-ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; K-VACANCY STATES; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; T-TAURI STARS AB The CHIANTI atomic database contains atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and collisional excitation data for a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. CHIANTI also includes a suite of IDL routines to calculate synthetic spectra and carry out plasma diagnostics. Version 5 has been released, which includes several new features, as well as new data for many ions. The new features in CHIANTI are as follows: the inclusion of ionization and recombination rates to individual excited levels as a means to populate atomic levels; data for K alpha and K beta emission from Fe II to Fe XXIV; new data for high-energy configurations in Fe XVII to Fe XXIII; and a complete reassessment of level energies and line identifications in the X-ray range, multitemperature particle distributions, and photoexcitation from any user-defined radiation field. New data for ions already in the database, as well as data for ions not present in earlier versions of the database, are also included. Version 5 of CHIANTI represents a major improvement in the calculation of line emissivities and synthetic spectra in the X-ray range and expands and improves theoretical spectra calculations in all other wavelength ranges. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 216 TC 361 Z9 361 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 162 IS 1 BP 261 EP 280 DI 10.1086/498148 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RS UT WOS:000235130700012 ER PT B AU Syndergaard, S Schreiner, WS Rocken, C Hunt, DC Dymond, KF AF Syndergaard, S. Schreiner, W. S. Rocken, C. Hunt, D. C. Dymond, K. F. BE Foelsche, U Kirchengast, G Steiner, A TI Preparing for COSMIC: Inversion and analysis of ionospheric data products SO ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE: STUDIES BY OCCULTATION METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate (OPAC-2) CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Graz, AUSTRIA ID RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; GPS/MET; CONSTELLATION; INSTRUMENT; GRADIENTS AB The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) is scheduled for launch in 2006. COSMIC will consist of six low earth orbiting satellites in planes separated by 24 degrees to provide global atmospheric and ionospheric observations. One of the goals is to demonstrate near real-time processing of data products for numerical weather prediction and space weather applications. Each COSMIC satellite will carry three payloads: (1) a Global Positioning System (GPS) occultation receiver with two high-gain limb viewing antennas and two antennas for precision orbit determination, (2) a Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP) for monitoring the electron density via nadir radiance measurements along the sub-satellite track, and (3) a Tri-Band Beacon (TBB) transmitter for ionospheric tomography and scintillation studies. The data from all these payloads will be processed at the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC). Here we give an overview of the ionospheric data products from COSMIC and focus on the plans and preliminary simulation studies for analyzing the ionospheric occultation data and combining them with ground-based GPS, TIP, and TBB observations. C1 [Syndergaard, S.; Schreiner, W. S.; Rocken, C.; Hunt, D. C.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC Project Off, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Dymond, K. F.] Naval Res Lab, Thermospher & Ionospher Res & Applicat Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Syndergaard, S (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC Project Off, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ssy@ucar.edu FU NSF-ATM [0410018]; NOAA [NAO1AANEG0362]; CDAAC [N000014-00-C-0291] FX Development of the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC) is primarily supported by NSF-ATM (ATM #0410018), and by NOAA (NAO1AANEG0362). ONR is supporting ionospheric research at the CDAAC under contract #N000014-00-C-0291. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-34116-1 PY 2006 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-34121-8_12 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BER86 UT WOS:000239155400012 ER PT B AU von Engeln, A Teixeira, J Wickert, J Buehler, SA AF von Engeln, A. Teixeira, J. Wickert, J. Buehler, S. A. BE Foelsche, U Kirchengast, G Steiner, A TI CHAMP radio occultation detection of the Planetary Boundary Layer top SO ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE: STUDIES BY OCCULTATION METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate (OPAC-2) CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Graz, AUSTRIA ID CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; INVERSION; SIGNALS; CLOUDS; OCEAN AB A simple approach to derive the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) top altitude from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) radio occultation data is presented. The lowest sampled altitude is assumed to be determined by the top of the PBL. We average CHAMP measurements for the years 2002 and 2003 over 5 degree latitude longitude boxes and compare them to European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. The ECMWF PBL top was calculated from the relative humidity gradient with respect to altitude. The altitude where this gradient has its minimum and temperatures are above 273 K is assumed to represent the PBL top. Agreement between the two datasets is good in terms of mean PBL height, especially over sea. The CHAMP data show the major features of PBL height with a realistic transition from stratocumulus regions to shallow and deep cumulus areas. CHAMP also shows a substantial amount of PBL height variability that might proof useful to study PBL dynamics. C1 [von Engeln, A.] Satellite Applicat, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [von Engeln, A.; Buehler, S. A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Teixeira, J.] UCAR/VSP, Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wickert, J.] GFZ, Dept 1, Geodesy & Remote Sens, Potsdam, Germany. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), Satellite Applicat, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [AFO2000]; UTH-MOS [07ATC04]; Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey; Office of Naval Research International Field Office in London [N00014-04-1-4020]; Office of Naval Research [062345N] FX A. von Engeln was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), within the AFO2000 project UTH-MOS (Grant 07ATC04), and during his visit at the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, USA by the Visitor Support Program of the Office of Naval Research International Field Office in London (Grant Number: N00014-04-1-4020). J. Teixeira acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 062345N. The authors would like to thank G. Beyerle (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany) for software development and data processing. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-34116-1 PY 2006 BP 265 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BER86 UT WOS:000239155400022 ER PT S AU Frederickson, PA Hammel, S Tsintikidis, D AF Frederickson, Paul A. Hammel, Stephen Tsintikidis, Dimitris BE Hammel, SM Kohnle, A TI Measurements and modeling of optical turbulence in a maritime environment - art. no. 630307 SO Atmospheric Optical Modeling, Measurement, and Simulation II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optical Modeling, Measurement and Simulation II CY AUG 15-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillation; optical turbulence; refractive-index structure parameter (C-n(2)); bulk models AB Turbulence can be a dominant factor in image and laser beam degradation for optical systems operating in the near-surface maritime environment. A long-term propagation field experiment was conducted at Zuniga Shoal (near San Diego) to study the impact of environmental conditions on low-altitude laser propagation above the ocean surface. Test periods of one month duration were conducted at various points of the year, during which scintillometer measurements were obtained along a 7.2 km over-water path and a 'flux' research buoy deployed along the propagation path collected concurrent mean meteorological, atmospheric turbulence, and wave data. We use the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) as the critical parameter for quantifying the effects of atmospheric turbulence on laser system performance, including received power fluctuations, beam spread and beam wander. Bulk estimates of C-n(2) were derived from the buoy mean meteorological measurements using the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model. C-n(2) was also determined from atmospheric turbulence measurements obtained from a sonic anemometer on the buoy. These independent C-n(2) values derived from the buoy data are compared with C-n(2) values computed from the infrared propagation measurements to determine how the NSLOT model performs under different environmental conditions. In addition, the optical measurements and bulk estimates of C-n(2) are used to study the effects of the atmospheric turbulence on operational optical systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6382-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6303 BP 30307 EP 30307 AR 630307 DI 10.1117/12.683017 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BFI02 UT WOS:000241946200007 ER PT S AU Englert, CR Harlander, JM Babcock, DD Stevens, MH Siskind, DE AF Englert, Christoph R. Harlander, John M. Babcock, David D. Stevens, Michael H. Siskind, David E. BE Hammel, SM Kohnle, A TI Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne pectroscopy (DASH): An innovative concept for measuring winds in planetary atmospheres - art. no. 63030T SO Atmospheric Optical Modeling, Measurement, and Simulation II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optical Modeling, Measurement and Simulation II CY AUG 15-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wind; atmospheric dynamics; Doppler imaging; spatial heterodyne spectroscopy; Michelson interferometer; planetary atmospheres ID COMPENSATED MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE; DYNAMICS; SHIMMER AB We introduce an innovative concept for inferring altitude profiles of horizontal wind in planetary atmospheres by measuring the Doppler shift of multiple emission lines versus altitude. Instruments using this approach will be especially well suited for interplanetary missions because they will be compact, rugged, and lightweight while minimizing power consumption and maximizing sensitivity, all without moving parts. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6382-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6303 BP T3030 EP T3030 AR 63030T DI 10.1117/12.681704 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BFI02 UT WOS:000241946200026 ER PT S AU Wasiczko, LM Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, M Stell, M Murphy, J Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, W Scharpf, W AF Wasiczko, Linda M. Moore, Christopher I. Burris, Harris R. Suite, Michele Stell, Mena Murphy, James Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Rabinovich, William Scharpf, William BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Characterization of the marine atmosphere for free-space optical communication - art. no. 621501 SO Atmospheric Propagation III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation III CY APR 20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE ID TURBULENCE AB The Chesapeake Bay Detachment of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL-CBD) provides an ideal environment for characterizing the effects of the marine atmosphere on free space optical communication links. The site has recently been converted to an operational 10 mile (16.2 km) one-way test range to collect information on propagation statistics in a variety of atmospheric conditions. The results presented here compare the contributions of thermal gradients across the bay to the variations in intensity scintillations across the bay. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wasiczko, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6271-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6215 BP 21501 EP 21501 AR 621501 DI 10.1117/12.668127 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BES21 UT WOS:000239257900001 ER PT S AU Suite, MR Burris, HR Moore, CI Stell, MF Wasiczko, L Freeman, W Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Scharpf, WJ AF Suite, M. R. Burris, H. R. Moore, C. I. Stell, M. F. Wasiczko, L. Freeman, W. Rabinovich, W. S. Gilbreath, G. C. Scharpf, W. J. BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Packet testing in free-space optical communication links over water - art. no. 621505 SO Atmospheric Propagation III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation III CY APR 20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE free-space optical laser communication; bit-error-rate AB NRL's Chesapeake Bay lasercont test facility (LCTF) offers a variety of ranges for researching free-space optical laser communication (FSO lasercom) links in a maritime environment. This paper discusses link performance over the 16 km one-way range at the LCTF. There are several methods to determine the link quality in FSO lasercom. Bit-effor-rate (BER) testing and packet testing are two possible methods. Since errors generally tend to occur in bursts in FSO channels, packet testing may offer a better indication of the quality of service (QoS) rather than BER testing. Link performance measured via packet testing is being investigated in a variety of atmospheric conditions. Results of these experiments will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suite, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6271-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6215 BP 21505 EP 21505 AR 621505 DI 10.1117/12.668128 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BES21 UT WOS:000239257900004 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E Eissner, W AF Bhatia, AK Landi, E Eissner, W TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for MgV SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; GROUND CONFIGURATION; COLLISION STRENGTHS; 2P4 CONFIGURATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EMISSION-LINES AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Mg V. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), 2p(6), 2s(2)2p(3)3s, 2s(2)2p(3)3p, and 2s(2)2p(3)3d, giving rise to 86 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Ry, in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients (not tabulated here) are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. To calculate excitation rate coefficients, collision strengths at low and high energy limits are calculated by a method described by Burgess and Tully. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e = 5.4, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Mg V. Fractional level populations and relative spectral line intensities are also calculated. Our calculated intensities are compared with the active region observations from the solar EUV rocket telescope and spectrograph (SERTS) and the diagnostic properties of Mg V are discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, ARTEP Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Teilinst 1, Inst Theoret Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Anand.K.Bhatia@nasa.gov RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 105 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.09.002 PG 71 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 000DO UT WOS:000234441300003 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Kampa, K Slatton, KC AF Cobb, J. Tory Kampa, Kittipat Slatton, K. Clint BE Sadjadi, FA TI Using Bayesian networks to estimate missing airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVI CY APR 18-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE ALSM; Bayesian network; sum-product algorithm; belief propagation; Markov mesh random field; MAP; entropy ID MODELS AB Land surface elevation measurements from airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data can be irregularly spaced due to occlusion by forest canopy or scanner and aircraft motion. The measurements are usually interpolated into a regularly spaced grid using techniques such as Kriging or spline-interpolation. In this paper a probabilistic graphical model called a Bayesian network (BN) is employed to interpolate missing data. A grid of nodes is imposed over ALSM measurements and the elevation information at each node is estimated using two methods: 1) a simple causal method, similar to a Markov mesh random field (MMRF), and 2) BN belief propagation. The interpolated results of both algorithms using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates are presented and compared. Finally, uncertainty measures are introduced and evaluated against the final estimates from the BN belief propagation algorithm. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. [Kampa, Kittipat; Slatton, K. Clint] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the NSWC PC In-house Laboratory Independent Research program funded by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank the University of Florida Geosensing Engineering and Mapping (GEM) Research Center for providing the ALSM data. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6290-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6234 AR 623404 DI 10.1117/12.665341 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BEU86 UT WOS:000239563900003 ER PT J AU Mahon, RT Dainer, HM Nelson, JW AF Mahon, RT Dainer, HM Nelson, JW TI Decompression sickness in a swine model: Isobaric denitrogenation and perfluorocarbon at depth SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxygen carriers; decompression illness; saturation diving ID HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN EXPOSURE; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; AIR-SATURATION; RATS; TOXICITY; PREDICTION; EMULSION; EMBOLI AB Introduction: Disabled submarine survivors could achieve inert gas tissue saturation likely to cause severe decompression sickness (DCS) on surfacing. This risk increases with time and depth of exposure. Methods to reduce DCS risk and severity are needed specifically for such an operational scenario. Methods: Yorkshire swine (16.2-26.6 kg) fitted with an external jugular catheter were compressed to 5 ATA for 22 h. They then received an enriched breathing mix of 44% N-2 and 56% O-2, and an infusion of either saline or a perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion, and were observed for 2 h before surfacing without decompression stops. Controls were surfaced after 22 h saturation at 5 ATA. Surface observations continued for another 2 h on all animals and signs of DCS were recorded to the nearest minute. Results: Seizure activity at depth was noted in 0/26 controls, 1/16 in the saline group, and 7/16 in the PFC group. DCS in < 2 h occurred in 25/26 air controls, 2/15 in the enriched mix/saline group, and 4/9 not suffering seizure in the enriched mix/PFC group. Death in < 2 h occurred in 23/26 controls, 1/15 in the saline group, and 1/9 in the PFC group. Discussion/Conclusion: This study demonstrates the benefits of breathing increased O-2 at depth prior to rapid decompression and the deleterious effects of PFC administration at depth in a swine saturation model with rapid decompression. Future studies should examine a minimal O-2 pre-breathe period to offer protection against DCS as well as the role of PFC use after surfacing. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Templed@nmrc.navy.mil NR 22 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 001IA UT WOS:000234525600003 PM 16422447 ER PT J AU Barney, R Bohnker, BK AF Barney, R Bohnker, BK TI Hearing thresholds for US Marines: Comparison of aviation, combat arms, and other personnel SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation medicine; hearing conservation; military medicine; occupational medicine ID CONSERVATION PROGRAM; ENLISTED PERSONNEL; NOISE; NAVY; HELICOPTER; PILOTS; FORCE; AGE AB Introduction: Aviation personnel in the U.S. Marine Corps are exposed to auditory trauma that may produce hearing loss in excess of personnel with other work exposures. Methods: U.S. Marine Corps personnel in the Navy and Marine Corps Hearing Conservation Database (1995-1999; n = 20,645) were analyzed. The outcome variable was a hearing threshold at 4000 Hz in the left ear greater than 25 dB for annual and periodic audiograms. Personnel were characterized by gender, officer status, 5-yr age groups, and by military occupational skills (MOS) groups of "aviation," "combat arms," and "other." Results: After adjustment by logistic regression for age group, gender, and officer status, the "aviation" group was not different from the "other" category, while the "combat arms" group was more likely to have elevated hearing thresholds. Officers and women demonstrated significantly lower rates for elevated thresholds. Discussion: These findings provide information for personnel planning and assessing military hearing conservation programs. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Embry Riddle Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM bkbohnker@juno.com NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 001IA UT WOS:000234525600010 PM 16422454 ER PT J AU Laugalys, V Straizys, V Vrba, FJ Boyle, RP Philip, AGD Kazlauskas, A AF Laugalys, V. Straizys, V. Vrba, F. J. Boyle, R. P. Philip, A. G. Davis Kazlauskas, A. TI CCD photometry and classification of stars in the North America and Pelican nebulae region. II. The region of NGC 6997 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters, classification; ISM : dust, extinction, clouds, individual objects : L935; open clusters : individual objects : NGC 6997 ID COLOR-TEMPERATURE RELATIONS; OPEN CLUSTER NGC-6996; COMPLETE CO SURVEY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; INTRINSIC COLORS; VILNIUS SYSTEM; ISOCHRONES AB Magnitudes and color indices of 620 stars down to V = 17.5 mag in the eight-color Vilnius + I photometric system are obtained in the area of the open cluster NGC6997 in the North America Nebula. By combining the results of optical photometry and the infrared 2MASS data an increased value of the ratio of total-to-selective extinction is found. For early-type stars it corresponds to R-Bv = 3.5. Spectral types, interstellar color excesses, extinctions and distances of stars are determined from the photometric data. The plot of extinction vs. distance shows that the extinction exhibits a steep rise at 400 pc reaching 3-4 mag. Forty seven main-sequence stars and three red giants are identified as probable cluster members. The cluster distance is found to be 794 pc by ZAMS fitting and 781 pc by averaging individual distances of the 50 probable cluster members. The cluster stars show a range of interstellar extinction, with an average value of A(v) is 1.92 mag. Fitting the main sequence and red giants of the cluster to the isochrones in the M-v vs. (B-V)(o) plane gives an age of 3.5x 10(8) yr. Probably NGC 6997 has no genetic relation to the star-forming region in the North America and Pelican nebulae. About 35 stars in the magnitude range 16-17 in the field of NGC 6997 are suspected to be O-B5 stars belonging to the Perseus spiral arm. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Space Observat, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Laugalys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 327 EP 362 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102EV UT WOS:000241794700001 ER PT J AU Laugalys, V Straizys, V Vrba, FJ Boyle, RP Philip, AGD Kazlauskas, A AF Laugalys, V. Straizys, V. Vrba, F. J. Boyle, R. P. Philip, A. G. Davis Kazlauskas, A. TI CCD photometry and classification of stars in the North America and Pelican nebulae region. III. the dark cloud L935 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; classification; emission line ISM : dust; extinction; clouds; individual objects (L 935) ID T-TAURI STARS; EMISSION-LINE STARS; CYGNUS-X REGION; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; EXTINCTION; COMPLEX; 2MASS; AREA AB Magnitudes and color indices of 430 stars down to V similar to 17.5 mag in the eight-color Vilnius + I photometric system were obtained in four areas of diameter 20' within the dark cloud L935 separating the North America and Pelican nebulae. Spectral types, interstellar color excesses, extinctions and distances of stars were determined from the photometric data. The plot of extinction vs. distance shows that the dark cloud begins at a distance of 520:1:50 pc. About 40 stars in the cloud, mostly K and M dwarfs, are suspected to have Ha emission; most of these stars also exhibit infrared excesses, four of them are known pre-main-sequence stars. Our star set contains the star J205551.3+435225 (V = 13.24) which, according to Cameron and Pasquali (2005), is the 05 V type star ionizing the North America and Pelican nebulae. If this spectral type is confirmed, the star would have an extinction AV between 9 and 10 magnitudes (depending on the accepted extinction law) and a distance which is not very different from the dust cloud distance. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Space Observat, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Laugalys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 483 EP 510 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 136QS UT WOS:000244239800001 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ Rule, DW Sereno, NS Yao, CY AF Lumpkin, A. H. Yang, B. X. Berg, W. J. Rule, D. W. Sereno, N. S. Yao, C. Y. BE Meyer, TS Webber, RC TI Developments in OTR/ODR imaging techniques for 7-GeV electron beams at APS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, US DOE DE OTP; ODR; near-field and far-field imaging; 7 GeV beam AB We have continued our investigations on imaging 7-GeV electron beams in a transport line at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) using optical transition radiation (OTR) and optical diffraction radiation (ODR) emitted from an A1 blade. In our experiments appreciable visible wavelength ODR is emitted for impact parameters of 1 to 2 mm, values that are close to gamma pi/2 pi. We have now upgraded our imaging system to include an optical transport that provides either near-field or far-field imaging, and we have performed initial experiments. The OTR far-field images indicate that beam divergence effects at the 30-70 microrad regime are detectable, and these are some of the first recorded for this regime. An analytical model predicts beam-size sensitivity in the 20-50 micron regime, while beam position resolution to 10 microns with a smaller beam and higher optical magnification should be feasible with near-field ODR imaging. Although originally developed to support top-up operations at APS, the ODR imaging techniques for nonintercepting relative beam size and position monitoring should also be applicable to high-energy accelerator beams that drive x-ray FELs, energy-recovering linacs for light sources, and the proposed ILC. C1 [Lumpkin, A. H.; Yang, B. X.; Berg, W. J.; Sereno, N. S.; Yao, C. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rule, D. W.] NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lumpkin@aps.anl.gov; bxyang@aps.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0369-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 868 BP 394 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFT18 UT WOS:000244482600037 ER PT J AU Wendt, DE Kowalke, GL Kim, J Singer, IL AF Wendt, DE Kowalke, GL Kim, J Singer, IL TI Factors that influence elastomeric coating performance: the effect of coating thickness on basal plate morphology, growth and critical removal stress of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE coating thickness; fouling release; silicone coatings; critical removal force; barnacle; Balanus amphitrite ID FOULING-RELEASE COATINGS; ADHESION STRENGTH; INTERFACIAL SLIPPAGE; SURFACES; MODULUS; PLAQUE; OIL AB Silicone coatings are currently the most effective non-toxic fouling release surfaces. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the performance of silicone coatings is necessary to further improve their design. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of coating thickness on basal plate morphology, growth, and critical removal stress of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite . Barnacles were grown on silicone coatings of three thicknesses (0.2, 0.5 and 2 mm). Atypical ("cupped) basal plate morphology was observed on all surfaces, although there was no relationship between coating thickness and i) the proportion of individuals with the atypical morphology, or ii) the growth rate of individuals. Critical removal stress was inversely proportional to coating thickness. Furthermore, individuals with atypical basal plate morphology had a significantly lower critical removal stress than individuals with the typical ("flat) morphology. The data demonstrate that coating thickness is a fundamental factor governing removal of barnacles from silicone coatings. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Biol Sci Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wendt, DE (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Biol Sci Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM dwendt@calpoly.edu OI Wendt, Dean/0000-0002-1732-5616 NR 27 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/08927010500499563 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 024MK UT WOS:000236198900001 PM 16551556 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Kavanagh, CJ Meyer, AE Wiebe, D Nedved, BT Wendt, D Smith, CM Hadfield, MG Swain, G Wood, CD Truby, K Stein, J Montemarano, J AF Holm, Eric R. Kavanagh, Christopher J. Meyer, Anne E. Wiebe, Deborah Nedved, Brian T. Wendt, Dean Smith, Celia M. Hadfield, Michael G. Swain, Geoff Wood, Christina Darkangelo Truby, Kathryn Stein, Judith Montemarano, Jean TI Interspecific variation in patterns of adhesion of marine fouling to silicone surfaces SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE adhesion strength; fouling organisms; silicone surfaces; fouling-release; interspecific variation ID BARNACLE BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; RELEASE COATINGS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; STRENGTH; MUSSELS; ENTEROMORPHA; PERFORMANCE; DISTURBANCE; MECHANISMS AB The adhesion of six fouling organisms: the barnacle Balanus eburneus, the gastropod mollusc Crepidula fornicata, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea/Dendrostrea spp., and the serpulid tubeworms Hydroides dianthus and H. elegans, to 12 silicone fouling-release surfaces was examined. Removal stress (adhesion strength) varied among the fouling species and among the surfaces. Principal component analysis of the removal stress data revealed that the fouling species fell into two distinct groups, one comprising the bivalve molluscs and tubeworms, and the other the barnacle and the gastropod mollusc. None of the silicone materials generated a minimum in removal stress for all the organisms tested, although several surfaces produced low adhesion strengths for both groups of species. These results suggest that fouling-release materials do not rank (in terms of adhesion strength) identically for all fouling organisms, and thus development of a globally-effective hull coating will continue to require testing against a diversity of encrusting species. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Ind Univ Ctr Biosurfaces, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. Altran Corp, Boston, MA USA. Univ Hawaii, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. GE Co, Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 617,Bldg 60,Room 334,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM eric.holm@navy.mil OI Wendt, Dean/0000-0002-1732-5616; Nedved, Brian/0000-0002-2786-8657 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1080/08927010600826129 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 081TO UT WOS:000240340100003 PM 17290867 ER PT J AU Meyer, A Baier, R Wood, CD Stein, J Truby, K Holm, E Montemarano, J Kavanagh, C Nedved, B Smith, C Swain, G Wiebe, D AF Meyer, Anne Baier, Robert Wood, Christina Darkangelo Stein, Judith Truby, Kathryn Holm, Eric Montemarano, Jean Kavanagh, Christopher Nedved, Brian Smith, Celia Swain, Geoff Wiebe, Deborah TI Contact angle anomalies indicate that surface-active eluates from silicone coatings inhibit the adhesive mechanisms of fouling organisms SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE silicone; coatings; contact angle; surface-active; stability; biofouling ID BIOFOULING-RELEASE COATINGS; CROSS-LINKING; ANTIFOULING SURFACES; ATTACHMENT STRENGTHS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SOLID-SURFACES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; PROTEIN; WETTABILITY; PRECURSOR AB Silicone coatings with critical surface tensions (CST) between 20 and 30 mN m(-1) more easily release diverse types of biofouling than do materials of higher and lower CST. Oils added to these coatings selectively further diminish the attachment strengths of different marine fouling organisms, without significantly modifying the initial CST. In a search for the mechanisms of this improved biofouling resistance, the interfacial instabilities of four silicone coatings were characterised by comprehensive contact angle analyses, using up to 12 different diagnostic fluids selected to mimic the side chain chemistries of the common amino acids of bioadhesive proteins. The surfaces of painted steel test panels were characterised both before and after exposure to freshwater, brackish water, and seawater over periods ranging from 9 months to nearly 4 years. Contact angle measurements demonstrated significant surface activity of the oil-amended coatings both before and after long-term underwater exposure. The surface activity of the control (coating without oil) increased as a result of underwater exposure, consistent with mild surface chain scission and hydrolysis imparting a self-surfactancy to the coating and providing a weak boundary layer promoting continuing easy release of attaching foulants. Coatings with additives that most effectively reduced biofouling showed both initial and persistent contact angle anomalies for the test liquid, thiodiglycol, suggesting lower-shear biofouling release mechanisms based upon diminished bioadhesive crosslinking by interfering with hydrogen- and sulfhydryl bonds. Swelling of the silicone elastomeric coatings by hydrocarbon fluids was observed for all four coatings, before and after immersion. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Ind Univ Ctr Biosurfaces, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. GE Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Bridger Sci, Bourne, MA USA. RP Meyer, A (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Ind Univ Ctr Biosurfaces, 110 Parker Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM aemeyer@buffalo.edu RI Swain, Geoffrey/N-9916-2016; OI Swain, Geoffrey/0000-0002-6580-5323; Nedved, Brian/0000-0002-2786-8657 NR 71 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1080/08927010601025473 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118JD UT WOS:000242937700006 PM 17178574 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA Holm, ER AF Brizzolara, Robert A. Holm, Eric R. TI The effect of solid surface tension and exposure to elevated hydrodynamic shear on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms grown on modified titanium surfaces SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE biofilm; Pseudomonas fluorescens; organosilane; monolayer; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MEAN FREE PATHS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; STAINLESS-STEEL; CELL-ADHESION; ATTACHMENT; ENERGY; SILICON; RANGE AB The solid surface tension of titanium was varied by using organosilane monolayers of various terminations, minimising differences in other material properties. Both the quantity of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms grown on the modified surfaces, and the percentage of biofilm remaining after exposure to hydrodynamic shear stress, varied significantly as a function of solid surface tension. The quantity of biofilm was less on chloropropyl-terminated surfaces than on an alkyl-terminated surfaces. However, the percentage of biofilm remaining after exposure to hydrodynamic shear stress (which depends on the adhesion and cohesion strengths of the biofilm) was less for the alkyl-terminated surface than for the chloropropyl-terminated surface, for one of the two sample sets analysed. These results demonstrate the importance of differentiating between the quantity of biofilm on a surface and the adhesion and cohesion strength of the biofilm, and may help explain discrepancies in the existing literature regarding the effect of solid surface tension on the propensity of a surface for microfouling. C1 USN, Nonmet Mat Res & Engn Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Nonmet Mat Res & Engn Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM robert.brizzolara@navy.mil NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1080/08927010601053616 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118JD UT WOS:000242937700008 PM 17178576 ER PT S AU Chekhtman, A AF Chekhtman, A. BE Magill, SR Yoshida, R TI The status of GLAST CsI calorimeter SO Calorimetry in High Energy Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Hamamatsu Photon K K, Photon Grp, NE Illnois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, Univ Chicago, Deutsch Elecktron Synchrotron, European Org Nucl Res, Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, US DOE, Off Sci DE crystal calorimetry; gamma-ray telecope; instrumentation for gamma astronomy AB The GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) CsI calorimeter, which consists of 16 flight modules and 2 spare modules, was assembled in 2004-2005 by an international team from the USA, France and Sweden. Each module contains 96 CsI crystals supported by a carbon fiber composite structure and read out from both ends with silicon PIN photodiodes. Signals from the array of photodiodes are processed by custom analog ASICs and commercial ADCs. After assembly, each module underwent a full environmental test program including electromagnetic interference and compatibility, vibration, and thermal-vacuum. test to flight-acceptance levels. ne functional performance of each module was verified before and after each test, and calibration with cosmic muons and charge injection was performed throughout the test sequence. All 18 modules showed stable functioning over the few months of the assembly and test program. None of the 1728 crystals experienced mechanical or optical degradation. Integration of the calorimeter modules with the other detector and electronics subsystems into the complete Large Area Telescope began at SLAC in April 2005 and was completed in December 2005. The environmental testing of full LAT instrument is planned for summer 2006. Simultaneously the beam test of calibration unit made of spare modules is planned to be done at PS and SPS beam lines at CERN. C1 George Mason Univ, USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chekhtman, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0364-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 867 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFM32 UT WOS:000243041000018 ER PT J AU Dib, A Peterson, TR Raducha-Grace, L Zingone, A Zhan, FH Hanamura, I Barlogie, B Shaughnessy, J Kuehl, WM AF Dib, Amel Peterson, Timothy R. Raducha-Grace, Laura Zingone, Adriana Zhan, Fenghuang Hanamura, Ichiro Barlogie, Bart Shaughnessy, John, Jr. Kuehl, W. Michael TI Paradoxical expression of INK4c in proliferative multiple myeloma tumors: bi-allelic deletion vs increased expression SO CELL DIVISION LA English DT Article AB Background: A high proliferative capacity of tumor cells usually is associated with shortened patient survival. Disruption of the RB pathway, which is critically involved in regulating the G1 to S cell cycle transition, is a frequent target of oncogenic events that are thought to contribute to increased proliferation during tumor progression. Previously, we determined that p18INK4c, an essential gene for normal plasma cell differentiation, was bi-allelically deleted in five of sixteen multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The present study was undertaken to investigate a possible role of p18INK4c in increased proliferation of myeloma tumors as they progress. Results: Thirteen of 40 (33%) human myeloma cell lines do not express normal p18INK4c, with bi-allelic deletion of p18 in twelve, and expression of a mutated p18 fragment in one. Bi-allelic deletion of p18, which appears to be a late progression event, has a prevalence of about 2% in 261 multiple myeloma (MM) tumors, but the prevalence is 6 to 10% in the 50 tumors with a high expression-based proliferation index. Paradoxically, 24 of 40 (60%) MM cell lines, and 30 of 50 (60%) MM tumors with a high proliferation index express an increased level of p18 RNA compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells, whereas this occurs in only five of the 151 (3%) MM tumors with a low proliferation index. Tumor progression is often accompanied by increased p18 expression and an increased proliferation index. Retroviral-mediated expression of exogenous p18 results in marked growth inhibition in three MM cell lines that express little or no endogenous p18, but has no effect in another MM cell line that already expresses a high level of p18. Conclusion: Paradoxically, although loss of p18 appears to contribute to increased proliferation of nearly 10% of MM tumors, most MM cell lines and proliferative MM tumors have increased expression of p18. Apart from a small fraction of cell lines and tumors that have inactivated the RB1 protein, it is not yet clear how other MM cell lines and tumors have become insensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of increased p18 expression. C1 [Dib, Amel; Peterson, Timothy R.; Raducha-Grace, Laura; Zingone, Adriana; Kuehl, W. Michael] NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Naval Hosp, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Peterson, Timothy R.] MIT, Dept Biol, Whitehead Inst, Cambridge Ctr 9, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Raducha-Grace, Laura] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Zhan, Fenghuang; Hanamura, Ichiro; Barlogie, Bart; Shaughnessy, John, Jr.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Myeloma Inst Res & Therapy, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Hanamura, Ichiro] Aichi Med Univ, Div Hematol, Dept Internal Med, Nagakute, Aichi 4801195, Japan. RP Kuehl, WM (reprint author), NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Naval Hosp, Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM dibmalti@yahoo.com; petersti@MIT.edu; raduchagrace.laura@medstudent.pitt.edu; zingonad@mail.nih.gov; ZhanFenghuang@uams.edu; Hanamura@aichi-med-u.ac.ip; barlogiebart@uams.edu; ShaughnessyJohn@uams.edu; wmk@helix.nih.gov FU NIH, NCI [CA55819, CA97513]; Fund to Cure Myeloma FX The authors thank Leslie Brents for technical help, and also Leif Bergsagel and Conny Cultraro for helpful discussions. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI (AD, TRP, LRG, AZ, WMK), by The Fund to Cure Myeloma (JS and AD), and by NIH grants CA55819 (BB and JS) and CA97513 (JS) from the NCI. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1747-1028 J9 CELL DIV JI Cell Div. PY 2006 VL 1 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1747-1028-1-23 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V14GT UT WOS:000207723600023 PM 17049078 ER PT S AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Moriarity, JR Dasch, GA AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Moriarity, John R. Dasch, Gregory A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Population survey of Egyptian arthropods for rickettsial agents SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia; Bartonella; Coxiella; Siphonaptera; Acari; Ixodidae; Argasidae ID PREVALENCE AB Between June 2002 and July 2003, 987 fleas, representing four species, and 1019 ticks, representing one argasid and eight ixodid species, were collected from Egyptian animals. These arthropods were tested for rickettsial agents using polymerase chain reaction. DNAs from Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. were detected in 13 ticks. Previously undescribed Bartonella spp. were detected in 21 fleas. Coxiella burnetii was detected in two fleas and 20 ticks. Rickettsia typhi was detected in 27 fleas from 10 cities. Spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected in both fleas and ticks and included Rickettsia aeschlimanii and an unnamed Rickettsia sp. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aol2@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.072 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400068 PM 17114742 ER PT S AU Rozmajzl, PJ Houhamdi, L Jiang, J Raoult, D Richards, AL AF Rozmajzl, Patrick J. Houhamdi, Linda Jiang, Ju Raoult, Didier Richards, Allen L. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Validation of a Rickettsia prowazekii-specific quantitative real-time PCR cassette and DNA extraction protocols using experimentally infected lice SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE PCR studies in lice; DNA extraction in lice; Rickettsia prowazekii ID ASSAY AB The presence of R. prowazekii in lice using R. prolvazekii-specific qPCR cassettes showed the changes of the rickettsial burden in the lice post-infection. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Fac Med, Marseille, France. RP Rozmajzl, PJ (reprint author), RDD, IDD, NMRC, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RozmajzlP@nmrc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 617 EP 619 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.036 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400116 PM 17114790 ER PT B AU Balachandran, SC Carr, JS Venn, KA AF Balachandran, S. C. Carr, J. S. Venn, K. A. BE Randich, S Pasquini, L TI Mixing and CNO abundances in M supergiants SO CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES AND MIXING IN STARS IN THE MILKY WAY AND ITS SATELLITES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO-Arcetri Workshop on Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and its Satellites CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Castiglione della Pescaia, ITALY SP ESO ID EVOLUTION; STARS; PARAMETERS AB We present initial results from our study of mixing in M Supergiants. C, N and O abundances are measured in five stars. N/C and N/O ratios indicate extensive mixing in excess of the standard models and in support of the rotational models. C1 [Balachandran, S. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Carr, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Venn, K. A.] Macalester Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Balachandran, SC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM suchitra@astro.umd.edu; venn@macalester.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-34135-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2006 BP 204 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-34136-9_70 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFD86 UT WOS:000241310400070 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, Wesley A. Young, Victor G., Jr. Fox, Douglas M. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Alkyl vs. alkoxy chains on ionic liquid cations SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SALTS AB The crystal structures and thermal behavior of the 1-(2-methoxyethyl)- 2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride and hexafluorophosphate salts are compared with the analogous 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salts to examine the influence of the ether oxygen on salt thermal properties for a typical constituent cation used in the preparation of ionic liquids. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 35 BP 3708 EP 3710 DI 10.1039/b606381k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 078NB UT WOS:000240109400013 PM 17047819 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Perkins, FK Robinson, JA AF Snow, E. S. Perkins, F. K. Robinson, J. A. TI Chemical vapor detection using single-walled carbon nanotubes SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID 1/F NOISE; ARRAY; RECOGNITION; TRANSISTORS; ADSORPTION; NETWORKS; SENSORS AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes possess unique properties that make them a potentially ideal material for chemical sensing. However, their extremely small size also presents technical challenges for realizing a practical sensor technology. In this tutorial review we explore the transduction physics by which the presence of molecular adsorbates is converted into a measurable electronic signal, and we identify solutions to the problems such as nanotube device fabrication and large, low-frequency noise that have inhibited commercial sensor development. Finally, we examine strategies to provide the necessary chemical specificity to realize a nanotube-based detection system for trace-level chemical vapor detection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012 NR 35 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 2 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2006 VL 35 IS 9 BP 790 EP 798 DI 10.1039/b515473c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 078DW UT WOS:000240082900004 PM 16936927 ER PT J AU Beall, JH AF Beall, J. H. TI Neutrinos from supernovae: a review SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Carotenoid Symposium CY JUL 20-25, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE accretion; supernovae; neutrinos : neutrino detectors AB In this paper, we review the theoretical mechanisms for the production of neutrinos in supernovae explosions and other astrophysical scenarios of interest. We use these elements to consider the likelihood of observations of neutrinos from extrasolar sources. A review of the current neutrino observatories and their sensitivities is also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beall@sjca.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2006 VL 6 SU 1 SI SI BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/6/S1/23 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138VX UT WOS:000244392500032 ER PT J AU Beall, JH Guillory, J Rose, DV Schindler, S Colafrancesco, S AF Beall, J. H. Guillory, John Rose, D. V. Schindler, Sabine Colafrancesco, S. TI Energetics of jet interactions with the intracluster medium SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Carotenoid Symposium CY JUL 20-25, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE jets : active galaxies : intracluster medium ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; GAMMA-RAY; RADIO GALAXIES; RADIATION; ENERGY; BEAMS; MODEL; GAS; AGN AB An interpretation of X-ray observations of the (intracluster) gas in galaxy clusters, when combined with significant numerical work in simulating cluster formation, suggests that an additional heating mechanism is required to explain the dynamics and temperature profile in the intracluster medium (ICM). In addition to shock heating, star formation, and supernovae, a likely candidate for a heating mechanism for the ICM comes from the jets of material originating in the cores of active radio galaxies, themselves located in the cores of clusters. These large-scale jets propagate outward from the core of the galaxy into the intracluster medium. In this paper, we discuss the origin and energetics of these jets, the mechanisms of their propagation and energy loss, their constitution, and the likely consequences of their interactions with the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astrophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beall@sjca.edu NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2006 VL 6 SU 1 SI SI BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/6/S1/37 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138VX UT WOS:000244392500053 ER PT J AU Bloser, PF Ryan, JM McConnell, ML Macri, JR Bravar, U Kanbach, G Andritschke, R Ajello, M Zoglauer, A Hunter, SD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Hartmann, DH Miller, RS Paciesas, WS Zych, AD Kippen, RM Vestrand, T Cherry, ML Guzik, TG Stacy, JG Wefel, JP Reglero, V Di Cocco, G Cravens, JP AF Bloser, P. F. Ryan, J. M. McConnell, M. L. Macri, J. R. Bravar, U. Kanbach, G. Andritschke, R. Ajello, M. Zoglauer, A. Hunter, S. D. Phlips, B. F. Wulf, E. A. Hartmann, D. H. Miller, R. S. Paciesas, W. S. Zych, A. D. Kippen, R. M. Vestrand, T. Cherry, M. L. Guzik, T. G. Stacy, J. G. Wefel, J. P. Reglero, V. Di Cocco, G. Cravens, J. P. TI The MEGA project for Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Carotenoid Symposium CY JUL 20-25, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE gamma-rays : observations; instrumentation : detectors; instrumentation : polarimeters; space vehicles : instruments ID TELESCOPE; CALIBRATION; PROTOTYPE AB The Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (MEGA) telescope concept will soon be proposed as a MIDEX mission. This mission would enable a sensitive all-sky survey of the medium-energy gamma-ray sky (0.4-50 MeV) and bridge the huge sensitivity gap between the COMPTEL and OSSE experiments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the visionary Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) mission. The scientific goals include compiling a much larger catalog of sources in this energy range, performing far deeper searches for supernovae, better measuring the galactic continuum and line emissions, and identifying the components of the cosmic diffuse gamma-ray emission. MEGA records and images gamma rays by completely tracking Compton and pair creation events in a stack of double-sided Si strip detectors surrounded by a pixellated CsI calorimeter. A prototype instrument has been developed and calibrated in the laboratory and at a gamma-ray beam facility. We present calibration results from the prototype and describe the proposed satellite mission. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Valencia, Grp Astron & Ciencias Espacio, Valencia, Spain. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Bologna, Italy. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bloser, PF (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Peter.Bloser@unh.edu RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2006 VL 6 SU 1 SI SI BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/6/S1/53 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138VX UT WOS:000244392500073 ER PT J AU Cook, MD Robson, K Jones, JR Rudinsky, SL Hodge, SD Clark, RF AF Cook, M. D. Robson, K. Jones, J. R. Rudinsky, S. L. Hodge, S. D. Clark, R. F. TI Salicylate testing in the emergency department: Are clinical features sufficient to rule out salicylate poisoning? SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. VASDHS, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 225 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400230 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Hannum, JE Riffenburgh, RH Clark, RF AF Matteucci, M. J. Hannum, J. E. Riffenburgh, R. H. Clark, R. F. TI Gender differences in snakebite injuries among children and adolescents SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 271 BP 756 EP 756 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400276 ER PT S AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Yamamoto, K Jovin, TM TI Hydrodynamic sizes of functional hydrophilic QDs - art. no. 60961H SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN AB Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have a great potential for use in biological assays and imaging, due to their unique optical properties. These inorganic nanocrystals are coated with ligands (bifunctional ligands, amphiphilic polymers, phospholipids) that provide them with both hydrophilicity and functionalization. The nanoparticle hydrodynamic radius and electric charge are particularly important parameters as they influence properties such as their diffusion inside live cells or tissues. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy probe only the nanocrystal core size and don't take into account the size of the ligand coating. We use dynamic light scattering (DLS) to characterize the hydrodynamic diameter (D-H) and polydispersity of CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs capped with various types of hydrophilic surface coatings (dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), poly(ethylene glycols)-terminated dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA-PEG), amphiphilic polymers, and the native trioctylphosphine/trioctylphosphine oxide (TOP/TOPO) used for solubilization in organic solvents), and of QDs/proteins conjugates. We observe a consistent increase in the hydrodynamic radius with the increasing size of the inorganic core and with the lateral extension of the hydrophilic coating materials. We complement our studies with a derivation of the zeta potential and effective charge of nanoparticles capped with purely charged ligands (DHLA) or encapsulated in a charged polymer using agarose gel electrophoresis. These properties are extremely relevant for designing assay and sensing schemes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as well as diffusion in live cells, for instance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pons, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6138-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6096 BP H961 EP H961 AR 60961H DI 10.1117/12.641767 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEL14 UT WOS:000237689800031 ER PT S AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, Aaron R. Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Yamamoto, K Jovin, TM TI Quantum dot-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer multiplexing: applications for biosensing - art. no. 60960I SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE colloidal quantum dots; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; multiplex; sensing; protein; organic dye ID PROTEIN; DONORS; ACCEPTORS AB Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) possess numerous physical and optical properties that are ideal for biosensing and multiplexing applications. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a well-established technique for detecting molecular-scale interactions due to proximity-driven changes in fluorescence. We have shown that QDs are excellent energy donors where dye labeled proteins serve as acceptors, and developed a number of prototype nanosensors for small molecules in solution. Among the more promising potential uses of QD-based FRET nanosensors is the ability to ''multiplex" signal channels for parallel detection. Because of their very broad absorption and narrow symmetric emission spectra, QDs are ideal fluorophores for multiplexing applications. In this paper, we describe the benefits of QDs in FRET-based assays (as donors and acceptors) and the potential for signal multiplexing in nanoscale biosensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6138-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6096 BP I960 EP I960 AR 60960I DI 10.1117/12.647194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEL14 UT WOS:000237689800008 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Brunel, FM Goldman, ER Chang, EL Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Clapp, Aaron R. Brunel, Florence M. Goldman, Ellen R. Chang, Eddie L. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Yamamoto, K Jovin, TM TI Quantum dot based nanosensors, designed for proteolytic monitoring - art. no. 60960K SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; blosensor; fluorescence resonance energy-transfer; protease; enzyme ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIVE CELLS; DONORS; VISUALIZATION; ACCEPTORS AB We have previously assembled QD-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors specific for the sugar nutrient maltose and the explosive TNT. These sensors utilize several inherent benefits of QDs as FRET donors. In this report., we show that QD-FRET based sensors can also function in the monitoring of proteolytic enzyme activity. We utilize a QD with multiple dye-labeled proteins attached to the surface as a substrate for a prototypical protease. We then demonstrate how this strategy can be extended to detect protease activity by utilizing a dye-labeled peptide attached to the QD as a proteolytic substrate. Self-assembly of the peptide-dye on the QD brings the dye in close proximity to the QD and result in efficient FRET. Addition of a proteolytic enzyme that specifically recognizes and cleaves the peptide alters the FRET signature of the sensor in a concentration-dependent manner. Both qualitative and quantitative data can be derived from these sensors. The potential benefits of this type of QD sensing strategy are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6138-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6096 BP K960 EP K960 AR 60960K DI 10.1117/12.646199 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEL14 UT WOS:000237689800010 ER PT S AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Yamamoto, K Jovin, TM TI Probing the effects of spectral overlap on quantum-dot-based FRET: Ensemble and single molecule studies SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; DONORS AB The photoluminescence spectrum of a quasi-monodisperse semiconductor quantum dot (QD) population is composed of a continuum of extremely narrow single QD spectra. This is due to inhomogeneities in nanocrystal size within a population and the color-size dependency imposed by effects of carrier quantum confinements. We take advantage of this population heterogeneity to gain a unique insight into the fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) process between a QD donor and proximal dye-labeled protein acceptors. Our ensemble and single-QD studies demonstrate that the spectral dependency of the energy transfer rate matches the acceptor absorption spectrum as predicted by Forster formalism. This allows ratiometric FRET measurements based on the QD donor emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pons, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.pons@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6138-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6096 AR 60960L DI 10.1117/12.663321 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEL14 UT WOS:000237689800011 ER PT J AU Fine, B Gaglione, A Spellman, D AF Fine, B Gaglione, A Spellman, D TI Notions of discrimination SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE discriminating group; q -algebraically closed group; squarelike group AB As an outgrowth of the study of algebraic geometry over groups, discriminating groups were introduced. Many important universal type groups such as Higman's universal group and Thompson's group F were shown to be discriminating. Squarelike groups were then introduced to better capture axiomatic properties of discrimination. In the present article squarelike groups are reinterpreted in terms of discrimination of quasi varieties, and the relationship with an older version of discrimination, termed varietal discrimination here, is studied. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Faired, CT USA. RP Gaglione, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Halloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amg@usna.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2175 EP 2182 DI 10.1080/00927870600549709 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 049ZY UT WOS:000238058100016 ER PT B AU DeCredico, M AF DeCredico, Mary BE Ford, LK TI The Confederate Home Front SO COMPANION TO THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Hist & Dept Chair, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Hist & Dept Chair, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47099-871-7 PY 2006 BP 258 EP 276 PG 19 WC History SC History GA BYG19 UT WOS:000298543900015 ER PT J AU Reidy, JP AF Reidy, Joseph P. BE Ford, LK TI Emancipation SO COMPANION TO THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reidy, Joseph P.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Reidy, JP (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47099-871-7 PY 2006 BP 277 EP 295 PG 19 WC History SC History GA BYG19 UT WOS:000298543900016 ER PT J AU Gallant, FM Bruck, HA Prickett, SE Cesarec, M AF Gallant, FM Bruck, HA Prickett, SE Cesarec, M TI Graded polymer composites using twin-screw extrusion: A combinatorial approach to developing new energetic materials SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials CY JUL 07-09, 2004 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE HO Univ Delaware DE physical properties; extrusion; combinatorial materials science ID MIXTURE EXPERIMENTS; FABRICATION AB The development of new energetic materials is a time-consuming, laborious, and sometimes dangerous process. Batch approaches are most commonly used, especially for energetic materials consisting of polymer composites. Recently, a manufacturing technology known as Twin-Screw Extrusion (TSE), has been demonstrated to increase the safety and affordability for manufacturing composite energetic materials. This technology is also ideally suited to manufacturing graded polymer composites through transient operating and/or feed conditions. In this paper, the TSE process is employed to fabricate graded polymer composites in a combinatorial approach for developing new energetic materials. Graded composite energetic materials with 79-87% solids loading of Ammonium Perchlorate are processed. The dependence of burning rate properties on the variation in composition was determined through strand burning tests. These results were compared with a conventional design of experiments approach using the Kowalski algorithm. The correlation of composition to properties over a range of compositions between the new combinatorial approach and the conventional design of experiments approach validates the use of TSE processing as a combinatorial approach to developing new energetic materials. Because the TSE process is used to manufacture both energetic and non-energetic composite materials, the combinatorial approach can also be applied to the development of new non-energetic polymer composites for applications such as control and sensing. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bruck@eng.umd.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.025 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 034WR UT WOS:000236961800017 ER PT B AU Wegman, EJ Caudle, KA AF Wegman, Edward J. Caudle, Kyle A. BE Rizzi, A Vichi, M TI Density estimation from streaming data using wavelets SO COMPSTAT 2006: PROCEEDINGS IN COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium on Computational Statistics (COMSTAT 2006) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY DE streaming data; recursive algorithms; wavelets; density estimation AB In this paper we discuss approaches to estimating probability densities from streaming data based on wavelets. It is expected that streaming datasets axe large and that the rate of data acquisition is very high. Thus it is not possible to recompute the entire density so that recursive algorithms are necessary. In addition, because streaming data are typically not stationary, older data in the stream are usually less valuable. It is, therefore, necessary to discount older data. We develop in this paper a methodology that is applicable to any orthonormal bases, but, in particular, a methodology for wavelet bases. C1 [Wegman, Edward J.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Caudle, Kyle A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Wegman, EJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ewegman@gmu.edu; caudle@usna.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTR 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY BN 3-7908-1708-2 PY 2006 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-7908-1709-6_18 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BFJ07 UT WOS:000242170000018 ER PT S AU Brown, CW Gross, C AF Brown, Christopher W. Gross, Christian BE Ganzha, VC Mayr, EW Vorozhtsov, EV TI Efficient preprocessing methods for quantifier elimination SO COMPUTER ALGEBRA IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2006) CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Chisinau, MOLDOVA SP Tech Univ Moldova, Tech Univ Munchen, Dept Informat AB This paper presents a framework and prototype implementation for preprocessing quantified input formulas that are intended as input for quantifier elimination algorithms. The framework loosely follows the AI search paradigm - exploring the space of formulas derived from the input by applying various rewriting operators in search of a problem formulation that will be good input for the intended Q.E. program. The only operator provided by the prototype implementation presented here is substitution for variables constrained by equations in which they appear linearly, supported by factorization and a simple check for non-vanishing of denominators in substitutions. Yet we present examples of quantified formulas which can be reduced by our preprocessing method to problems solvable by current quantifier elimination packages, whereas the original formulas had been inaccessible to those. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Informat 2, D-53117 Bonn, Germany. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wcbrown@usna.edu; grossc@cs.uni-bonn.de NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-45182-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4194 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BFE31 UT WOS:000241447200007 ER PT J AU Massey, TC Blain, CA AF Massey, TC Blain, CA TI In search of a consistent and conservative mass flux for the GWCE SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Galerkin finite element; GWCE; local conservation; local mass flux ID ORIENTED ERROR ESTIMATION; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; MODELS; SIMULATIONS; EQUATION; BALANCE AB Two methods for computing local mass flux for a continuous Galerkin finite element formulation of the Generalized Wave Continuity Equation (GWCE) are derived and a third method is discussed in light of the first two. The GWCE is shown to not conserve mass locally, while it can be shown to conserve a certain quantity locally. The two derived methods are demonstrated for a realistic tidal flow problem in the Bight of Abaco, Bahamas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Massey, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM massey@nrlssc.navy.mil; blain@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 7-8 BP 571 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.02.013 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 989VO UT WOS:000233702300006 ER PT J AU Dey, S Datta, DK Shirron, JJ Shephard, MS AF Dey, S Datta, DK Shirron, JJ Shephard, MS TI p-version FEM for structural acoustics with a posteriori error estimation SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fluid-structure interaction; p-version FEM; sub-domain error estimation; effectivity indices ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; DISPERSION ANALYSIS; EQUATION AB We demonstrate the advantages of using p-version finite element approximations for structural-acoustics problems in the mid-to-high frequency regime. We then present a sub-domain-based a posteriori error estimation procedure to quantify the errors in the setting of a 3D interior-acoustics problem with resonances, and give numerical results. Effectivity indices show robust behavior of the error estimator away from the resonant frequencies. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, SCOREC, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, NRL, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM dey@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 17-18 BP 1946 EP 1957 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.11.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 021YN UT WOS:000236021900004 ER PT J AU Adjerid, S Massey, TC AF Adjerid, S Massey, TC TI Superconvergence of discontinuous Galerkin solutions for a nonlinear scalar hyperbolic problem SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE discontinuous finite element methods; superconvergence; hyperbolic differential equations; conservation laws ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; CONSERVATION-LAWS; ERROR ESTIMATION; PARALLEL; REFINEMENT AB In this paper we study the superconvergence of the discontinuous Galerkin solutions for nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations. On the first inflow element we prove that the p-degree discontinuous finite element solution converges at Radau points with an O(h(p+2)) rate. We further show that the solution flux converges on average at 0(h(2p+2)) on element outflow boundary when no reaction terms are present. For reaction-convection problems we establish an O(h(min(2p,p+4))) superconvergence rate of the flux on element outflow boundary. Globally, we prove that the flux converges at O(h(2p+1)) on average at the outflow of smooth-solution regions for nonlinear conservation laws. Numerical computations indicate that our results extend to nonrectangular meshes and nonuniform polynomial degrees. We further include a numerical example which shows that discontinuous solutions are superconvergent to the unique entropy solution away from shock discontinuities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Adjerid, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, 460 MCBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM adjerids@math.vt.edu NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 25-28 BP 3331 EP 3346 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.06.017 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 042DF UT WOS:000237507000009 ER PT J AU Dey, S Flaherty, JE Ohsumi, TK Shephard, MS AF Dey, S Flaherty, JE Ohsumi, TK Shephard, MS TI Integration by table look-up for p-version finite elements on curved tetrahedra SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE numerical integration; hp-finite elements; integration error analysis; hashing-based finite elements; precomputed table look-up ID POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION; SYMBOLIC MANIPULATION; REAL FUNCTIONS; QUADRATURE; FORMULAS; MATRICES; STRATEGY; POINTS; MESHES AB We develop a method of evaluating element level matrices and vectors associated with p-version finite element computations on tetrahedral meshes with curved boundaries. The procedure uses optimal interpolation formula [Q. Chen, I. Babuska, Approximate optimal points for polynomial interpolation of real functions in an interval and in a triangle, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 128 (1995) 405-417; Q. Chen, I. Babuska, Approximate optimal polynomial interpolation points in the tetrahedron, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 137 (1997) 89-94] for non-polynomial portions of integrands followed by exact integration. Exact integrals of product combinations of polynomial interpolants and shape functions are stored so that different integrals may be efficiently evaluated by a table look-up. We present error-analysis for our scheme applied to curvilinear tetrahedral meshes with exact geometric representation of the boundary of the domain as defined in a geometric-modelling system. Numerical results are presented for problems involving the Helmholtz equation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, NRL, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM dey@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 33-36 BP 4532 EP 4543 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.10.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 048TR UT WOS:000237969900038 ER PT S AU Pavlovic, D Meadows, C AF Pavlovic, Dusko Meadows, Catherine BE Gollmann, D Meier, J Sabelfeld, A TI Deriving secrecy in key establishment protocols SO COMPUTER SECURITY - ESORICS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security CY SEP 18-20, 2006 CL Hamburg, GERMANY ID DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Secrecy and authenticity properties of protocols are mutually dependent: every authentication is based on some secrets, and every secret must be authenticated. This interdependency is a significant source of complexity in reasoning about security. We describe a method to simplify it, by encapsulating the authenticity assumptions needed in the proofs of secrecy. This complements the method for encapsulating the secrecy assumptions in proofs of authenticity, presented in [1]. While logically straightforward, this idea of encapsulation in general, and the present treatment of secrecy in particular, allow formulating scalable and reusable reasoning patterns about the families of protocols of practical interest. The approach evolved as a design strategy in the Protocol Derivation Assistant (Pda), a semantically based environment and toolkit for derivational approach to security [2,3]. C1 Kestrel Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pavlovic, D (reprint author), Kestrel Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM dusko@kestrel.edu; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44601-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4189 BP 384 EP 403 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFM78 UT WOS:000243114900024 ER PT B AU Granata, JE SahIstrom, TD Hausgen, P Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Lorentzen, JR Liu, S Helizon, R AF Granata, J. E. SahIstrom, T. D. Hausgen, P. Messenger, S. R. Walters, R. J. Lorentzen, J. R. Liu, Simon Helizon, Roger GP IEEE TI Thin-film photovoltaic proton and electron radiation testing for a MEO orbit SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A radiation test plan for thin-film photovoltaic technologies focused on a MEO flight experiment is outlined. The proton and electron radiation response of thin film, amorphous Si solar cells and CulnGaSe(2) solar cells, with and without space coatings, is presented. The degradation of the photovoltaic output under penetrating and junction-damaging proton irradiation, and 0.6 MeV and 1 MeV electron irradiation, is measured and examined. The experimental data are presented and analyzed. These data will form the basis for an on-orbit prediction model as applied to a high-radiation MEO orbit. C1 [Granata, J. E.] Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [SahIstrom, T. D.] Dynacs Mil & Def Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Hausgen, P.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vech Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Messenger, S. R.; Lorentzen, J. R.] SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. [Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Simon] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. [Helizon, Roger] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM jennifer.granata@aero.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1773 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601129 ER PT B AU Messenger, SR Lorentzen, J Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP AF Messenger, Scott R. Lorentzen, Justin Walters, Robert J. Warner, Jeffrey H. Summers, Geoffrey P. GP IEEE TI Electron to proton damage correlation in space solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Current space solar cell degradation modeling relies on proton to electron correlation at a prescribed solar cell degradation level to determine the end-of-life (EOL) characteristics. This topic is reviewed and an alternate, degradation-dependent method is proposed. C1 [Messenger, Scott R.; Lorentzen, Justin] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. [Walters, Robert J.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Summers, Geoffrey P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1781 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601131 ER PT B AU Michael, S Bates, D Utsler, J AF Michael, Sherif Bates, Drew Utsler, James GP IEEE TI The design of advanced multi-junction solar cells using genetic algorithm for the optimization of a SILVACO (R) novel cell model. SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB MULTIJUNCTION solar cells consisting of series-stacked p-n junction layers offer a significant improvement in efficiency over conventional solar cells by generating power over a larger spectrum of sunlight. The design of multijunction solar cells is complicated by both the desire to have maximally efficient junction layers and the need to match the current produced in each junction layer under optimal load conditions. The ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco (R) International has been shown in exclusive research at the Naval Postgraduate School to have the capability to simulate multijunction solar cells. This simulation tool has the ability to extract electrical characteristics from a solar cell based on virtual fabrication of its physical structure and bypass the costly "build-and-test" design cycle. A paper introducing this modeling technique has been previously presented at the PVSC conference [2]. The current-matching problem is especially challenging for cells containing four or more junction layers. This paper proposes a method for using ATLAS data to optimize the power output of individual junction layers of an InGaP/GaAs/InGaNAs/Ge four junction solar cell and to construct these junction layers into a current-matched, optimum power multijunction solar cell. Individual junction layer optimization was accomplished through the use of a genetic search algorithm implemented in Matlab. The final multijunction cell current matching was performed using an iterative optimization routine also implemented in Matlab. C1 [Michael, Sherif; Bates, Drew; Utsler, James] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1834 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601145 ER PT B AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Summers, Geoffrey P. GP IEEE TI The effects of high energy protons on shielded space solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME; DEVICES AB We discuss the applicability of the displacement damage dose method and the non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) concept to the effect of protons on GaAs devices. Comparison of the relative damage coefficients (RDCs) for different GaAs devices with the energy dependence of the proton NIEL shows differences for proton energies > 10 MeV. However, since actual RDCs are always bound between the total and Coulombic NIELs, calculations were performed for the total displacement damage dose using both NIEL curves to determine the range of dose expected for devices shielded with various thickness of fused silica coverglass. These calculations were performed for two different incident proton spectra. The overall effect of using the total or Coulombic NIEL for calculating the total displacement dose deposited is minimal until extreme thicknesses of shielding are used. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Summers, Geoffrey P.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [Messenger, Scott R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1854 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601150 ER PT B AU Walters, RJ Warner, JH Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP AF Walters, Robert J. Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Lorentzen, Justin R. Summers, Geoffrey P. GP IEEE TI On the need for low energy proton testing of space solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A quantitative analysis of low energy proton effects on space solar cell materials is presented. The results show that the space environment produces a uniform damage distribution, so any effects caused by the non-uniform damage profile induced by monoenergetic ground testing will not be seen on orbit. The solar cell space radiation response is shown to be best represented by ground testing with protons of high enough energy to fully penetrate the solar cell active region (on the order of 1 MeV or greater). Calculations are also performed for the case of an unshielded solar cell representative of a thin-film solar cell. A non-uniform damage profile is observed in an unshielded cell, but the profile is seen to decrease with depth with no Bragg Peak forming. Therefore, ground testing at extremely low energies where the proton stops within the cell active region does not accurately model the space environment effects. Addition of a coating as thin as 10 pm is seen to render the damage profile essentially uniform. C1 [Walters, Robert J.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Messenger, Scott R.; Lorentzen, Justin R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Summers, Geoffrey P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.walters@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1899 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601162 ER PT B AU Walters, RJ Garner, JC Lam, SN Vasquez, JA Braun, WR Ruth, RE Warner, JH Lorentzen, JR Messenger, SR Bruniga, R Jenkins, PP Flatico, JM Wilt, DM Piszczor, MF Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ AF Walters, R. J. Garner, J. C. Lam, S. N. Vasquez, J. A. Braun, W. R. Ruth, R. E. Warner, J. H. Lorentzen, J. R. Messenger, S. R. Bruniga, R. Jenkins, P. P. Flatico, J. M. Wilt, D. M. Piszczor, M. F. Greer, L. C. Krasowski, M. J. GP IEEE TI Materials on the International Space Station experiment-5, Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment: First on-orbit data SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB First on-orbit data from the Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE) are presented. FTSCE is housed within the 5(th) Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-5), and currently resides on the exterior of the ISS. A range of solar cell technologies are included in the experiment including triple junction (3J) InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells from several vendors, thin film amorphous Si and Culn(Ga)Se-2 cells, and next-generation technologies like single-junction GaAs cells grown on Si wafers and metamorphic InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction cells. Measured current vs. voltage (IV) curves from onboard experiments are analyzed. All of the solar cell technologies are showing nominal performance with no obvious signs of degradation. C1 [Walters, R. J.; Garner, J. C.; Lam, S. N.; Vasquez, J. A.; Braun, W. R.; Ruth, R. E.; Warner, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lorentzen, J. R.; Messenger, S. R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Bruniga, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Jenkins, P. P.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Flatico, J. M.] QSS, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Wilt, D. M.; Piszczor, M. F.; Greer, L. C.; Krasowski, M. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.walters@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1951 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601175 ER PT B AU Jenkins, P Scheiman, D Goodbody, C Baur, C Sharps, P Imaizumi, M Yoo, H Sahlstrom, T Walters, R Lorentzen, J Nocerino, J Khan, O Cravens, R Valles, J Toporow, C Gomez, T Bazan, LP Bailey, S AF Jenkins, Phillip Scheiman, David Goodbody, Chris Baur, Carsten Sharps, Paul Imaizumi, Mitsuru Yoo, Henry Sahlstrom, Ted Walters, Robert Lorentzen, Justin Nocerino, John Khan, Osman Cravens, Robert Valles, Juan Toporow, Chantal Gomez, Trinidad Bazan, Loreto Pazos Bailey, Sheila GP IEEE TI Results from an international measurement round robin of III-V triple-junction solar cells under air mass zero SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper reports the results of an international measurement round robin of monolithic, triple-junction, GaInP/GaAs/Ge space solar cells. Eight laboratories representing national labs, solar cell vendors and space solar cell consumers, measured cells using in-house reference cells and compared those results to measurements made where each lab used the same set of reference cells. The results show that most of the discrepancy between laboratories is likely due to the quality of the standard cells rather than the measurement system or solar simulator used. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip; Scheiman, David] Ohio Aerosp Inst, NASA, GRC, MS 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Goodbody, Chris] QinetiQ, Farnborough, Hants, England. [Baur, Carsten] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Freiburg, Germany. [Sharps, Paul] Emcore Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Imaizumi, Mitsuru] JAXA Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Yoo, Henry] VSSV, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sahlstrom, Ted] Dynacs Inc, Palm Harbor, FL USA. [Walters, Robert] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lorentzen, Justin] SFA Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Nocerino, John] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. [Khan, Osman; Cravens, Robert; Valles, Juan] Spectrolab, Sylmar, CA USA. [Toporow, Chantal] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA USA. [Gomez, Trinidad; Bazan, Loreto Pazos] INTA SPASOLAB, Madrid, Spain. [Bailey, Sheila] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Jenkins, P (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, NASA, GRC, MS 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Phil.Jenkins@grc.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1968 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601180 ER PT S AU Julian, AL Oriti, G AF Julian, Alexander L. Oriti, Giovanna GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Redundant Inverter Topologies to Improve Voltage Source Inverter Reliability SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE reliability; voltage source inverter; redundancy; MTBF AB For applications sensitive to reliability typical voltage source inverters cannot always meet the reliability requirements. In these cases some method of redundancy is used to improve system reliability. This paper compares the reliability of two redundant voltage source inverter (VSI) circuit topologies to a typical voltage source inverter circuit. The redundant circuits function normally after the failure (open or short) of any single component including the controller, current and voltage sensors, capacitors, IGBTs and power diodes. The parts count method of reliability comparison described in MIL-HDBK-217F is used to compare the reliability functions for the 3 circuit topologies. C1 [Julian, Alexander L.] USN, Elec & Comp Eng Dept, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Oriti, Giovanna] Power Engn Consultant, Monterey, CA USA. RP Julian, AL (reprint author), USN, Elec & Comp Eng Dept, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajulian@nps.edu; giovanna.oriti@ieee.org NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 1674 EP 1678 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400243 ER PT B AU An, AL Boggs, SA Calame, J AF An, Annie Ling Boggs, Steven A. Calame, Jeff GP IEEE TI Energy storage in polymer films with high dielectric constant fillers SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation CY JUN 11-14, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, DEIS AB Increasing the energy density (dielectric constant) of a polylmer film through filling with high dielectric constant nanoparticles has obvious appeal but, as shown in this paper, is difficult if spheres are employed as the fillers. This paper documents the dielectric constant, energy storage, and, most importantly, energy density which is likely to be achieved through such an approach, based on large scale 3-D field computations of spherical filler in a polymer matrix. In addition, the dielectric constant of the composite as a function of volume fraction (filling ratio) is compared with various mixing rules, none of which proves to be very good. C1 [An, Annie Ling; Boggs, Steven A.] Univ Connecticut, Elect Insulat Res Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Calame, Jeff] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP An, AL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Elect Insulat Res Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0333-2 PY 2006 BP 466 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000238912300115 ER PT J AU Ladner, R Petry, F Warner, E Gupta, K AF Ladner, Roy Petry, Frederick Warner, Elizabeth Gupta, Kaylan TI Using Web Services to enhance Geographic Information Systems SO CONTROL AND CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE ontology; Web Services; spatial data; GIS AB In this paper we describe an approach to the extension of geographic information systems to take advantage of the continuing development of capabilities of the Semantic Web. This is presented in the context of a portal based Geospatial Information Database (GIDB (TM)), an object-oriented spatial database capable of storing multiple data types from multiple sources. We have developed our approach for a specific domain, spatially oriented, meteorological and oceanographic, but this can clearly be applied to other spatial data domains. Finally we illustrate the use of the ontology development system based on Generative Sublanguage Ontologies (GSO), a type of linguistic ontology inspired by the Generative Lexicon Theory, to develop effective domain ontologies. C1 DMAP, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. AES, ITT Ind, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), DMAP, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES SYSTEMS RESEARCH INST PI WARSAW PA NEWELSKA 6, 01-447 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0324-8569 J9 CONTROL CYBERN JI Control Cybern. PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 100SQ UT WOS:000241689400003 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang BE Ayers, EL Gallagher, GW Torget, AJ TI "I Owe Virginia Little, My Country Much" Robert E-Lee, the United States Regular Army, and Unconditional Unionism SO CRUCIBLE OF THE CIVIL WAR: VIRGINIA FROM SECESSION TO COMMEMORATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA P O BOX 400318,, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4318 USA BN 978-0-8139-3049-7 PY 2006 BP 35 EP 57 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BCG56 UT WOS:000310158000004 ER PT B AU Irvine, CE AF Irvine, Cynthia E. TI What might we mean by "secure code" and how might we teach what we mean? SO CSEETW 2006: 19TH CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND TRAINING WORKSHOPS SE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training Workshop-CSEETW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training Workshops CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, CPS ID SYSTEMS; INFORMATION; PROTECTION AB To add precision to the term "secure code," several concepts from the area of high assurance system development are introduced. These allow the cost, in terms of organizational damage, to information asset owners of the lack of various forms of protection to be explored. The notion of system assurance levels is introduced as a solution. to the combinatorial explosion of damage classes. Our approach to ensuring that students know how to construct evaluatable components, and as a by-product, "secure code," is discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3230-1 J9 C SOFTW ENG EDUC TR PY 2006 BP 82 EP 93 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Education & Educational Research; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BIG20 UT WOS:000259296200021 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Azadi, S Butterworth, LF Meade, BJ AF Arfsten, D. P. Azadi, S. Butterworth, L. F. Meade, B. J. TI Hydrocarbon-based weapons maintenance compounds produce evidence of contact hypersensitivity in BALB/C mice SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact hypersensitivity; dermal irritation; hydrocarbons; organic esters; polyalphaolefin ID BREAK-FREE CLP(R); ACUTE TOXICITY; FLUID; OIL AB Unprotected dermal contact with weapons maintenance materials is highly probable during cleaning and maintenance of firearms. Several weapons maintenance materials of interest to the Department of Defense were evaluated for their irritating and sensitizing potential in a modified local lymph node assay (LLNA). Female BALB/c mice (n = 5) were topically exposed to Break-Free CLP, Royco 634, TW-25B, MC-25, or MC-2500. All compounds tested produced a positive response for irritancy and lymphocyte proliferation. Break-Free CLP and Royco 634 produced the greatest dermal irritation and highest LLNA stimulation index. Phenotyping of draining lymph node cells from animals treated with Break-Free CLP suggest that this material induces T-cell-mediated contact sensitization (Type IV hypersensitivity) in mice. These findings support the recommendation that persons handling or using weapons maintenance materials should protect their skin from repeated contact by wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Box 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darfsten@dlj0ndsl.med.navy.mil FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001-03] NR 20 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1080/15569520600860306 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 088ZP UT WOS:000240849900004 PM 16980244 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, Robert S., Jr. Willett, Peter K. BE Dasarathy, BV TI An algorithmic approach to mining unknown clusters in training data - art. no. 624101 SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2006 CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive classification; noninformative prior; discrete data; unknown data distribution AB In this paper, unsupervised learning is utilized to develop a method for mining unknown clusters in training data. The approach is based on the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA), which has recently been developed into a patented system called the Data Extraction and Mining Software Tool (DEMIST). In the BDRA, the modeling assumption is that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a priori uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and it employs a "greedy" approach to selecting and discretizing the relevant features of each class for best performance. The primary metric for selecting and discretizing all relevant features contained in each class is an analytic formula for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. Thus, the primary contribution of this work is to demonstrate an algorithmic approach to finding multiple unknown clusters in training data, which represents an extension to the original data clustering algorithm. To illustrate performance, results are demonstrated using simulated data that contains multiple clusters. In general, the results of this work will demonstrate an effective method for finding multiple clusters in data mining applications. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6241 BP 24101 EP 24101 AR 624101 DI 10.1117/12.664731 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BES04 UT WOS:000239205700001 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. BE Dasarathy, BV TI Genetic program based data mining to reverse engineer digital logic - art. no. 624102 SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2006 CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; genetic programs; genetic algorithms; reverse engineering; defect discovery AB A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering and defect discovery has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A genetic program is an algorithm based on the theory of evolution that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a measure of effectiveness, referred to as a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor. Design documents for the sensor are not available and conditions prevent the sensor from being taken apart. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness function for the genetic program. Genetic program based data mining is then conducted. This procedure incorporates not only the experts' rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. Uncertainty related to the input-output database and the expert based rule set can significantly alter the reverse engineering results. Significant experimental and theoretical results related to GP based data mining for reverse engineering will be provided. Methods of quantifying uncertainty and its effects will be presented. Finally methods for reducing the uncertainty will be examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6241 BP 24102 EP 24102 AR 624102 DI 10.1117/12.664952 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BES04 UT WOS:000239205700003 ER PT J AU Castro, R Durazo, R Mascarenhas, A Collins, CA Trasvina, A AF Castro, R Durazo, R Mascarenhas, A Collins, CA Trasvina, A TI Thermohaline variability and geostrophic circulation in the southern portion of the Gulf of California SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of California; hydrographic measurements; thermohaline structure; cyclonic and anticyclonic flow; El Nino ID ENTRANCE; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY AB Data from seven oceanographic cruises in the southern Gulf of California from 1997 to 2002 are used to describe the thermohaline variability and the geostrophic circulation. Baroclinic patterns exhibited spatial and temporal variability. A deepening of isotherms at the center of the section was evident in February 1999, suggesting anticyclonic flow. In May 1998 and November 1997, cyclonic flow was suggested by shoaling of isotherms at the center of the section. Other cruises showed alternating cores of flow into and out of the Gulf (August 1998, September 1997 and October 2002). Neither a seasonal nor a spatial pattern in geostrophic flows was apparent, suggesting that the exchange of waters between the cyclonic flow of Pescadero basin and the interior of the Gulf is complex. Relatively high salinities were recorded during most of the cruises indicating that Gulf of California Water (GCW) was present most of the year. Higher salinities were observed during winter and spring, although during summer, relatively high and low salinities were both observed as surface and subsurface cores. Temperature and salinity characteristics of California Current waters were observed only in August 1995 when they reached as far north as Cerralvo Island at similar to 50 dbar. During El Nino conditions in November 1997, a mixed layer (similar to 70 dbar) and deepening of the thermocline (similar to 50 dbar) characterized anomalous conditions; during this cruise an asymmetric salinity pattern was observed with low salinities characteristic of Tropical Surface waters at the center and east of the section, while maximum salinities (34.9 < S < 35.0) and Gulf waters were located in an 80 km wide core next to the Baja California Sur shelf as far north as San Jose Island. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, La Paz, BCS, Mexico. RP Castro, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM rubenc@uabc.mx; rdurazo@uabc.mx; asmj@uabc.mx; collins@oc.nps.navy.mil; trasvi@cicese.mx NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.09.010 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 014JY UT WOS:000235477300012 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Molina, FJ Llave, E Stow, DAV Garcia, M Somoza, L Vazquez, JT Lobo, FJ Maestro, A del Rio, VD Leon, R Medialdea, T Gardner, J AF Hernandez-Molina, F. J. Llave, E. Stow, D. A. V. Garcia, M. Somoza, L. Vazquez, J. T. Lobo, F. J. Maestro, A. Diaz del Rio, V. Leon, R. Medialdea, T. Gardner, J. TI The contourite depositional system of the Gulf of Cadiz: A sedimentary model related to the bottom current activity of the Mediterranean outflow water and its interaction with the continental margin SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Gulf of Cadiz; continental margin; morphology; seismic stratigraphy; sedimentary processes; contourites ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; SEA-FLOOR TOPOGRAPHY; ONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU; NORTH-ATLANTIC; IBERIAN PENINSULA; ALBORAN SEA; SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY; SPREADING PATTERN; PORTUGUESE MARGIN AB The present paper is mostly a synthesis of work conducted on the continental margin of the Gulf of Cadiz using a broad database collected by several cruises and projects supported by the Spanish Research Council and the NRL and Naval Oceanographic Office (USA), including: bathymetry, sidescan sonar imagery, seismic profiles, sediment cores, submarine photographs and physical oceanographic data. These data have enabled us to establish a detailed understanding of the morphologic development of the margin, its Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphy, and a full characterization of the contourite depositional system (CDS) generated by the Mediterranean outflow water (MOW). The northern margin of the Gulf of Cadiz shows the following distinct features: (a) an active compressive framework where the "Cadiz Allocthonous Unit" provides an unstable substratum for Late Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary sedimentation; (b) a relative lack of submarine canyons, except in the western area of the Algarve margin; (c) a very broad continental slope that lacks a marked continental rise; (d) a middle slope dominated by along-slope processes driven by the MOW, which has generated a complex CDS during the Pliocene and Quaternary; and (e) an irregular lower slope and abyssal plain region dominated by down-slope processes that is partly detached from an upper slope source region. The CDS is composed of both depositional and erosive features. The main depositional features are characterised by sedimentary wave fields, sedimentary lobes, mixed drifts, plastered drifts, elongated mounded, and separated drifts and sheeted drifts. The main erosive features are contourite channels, furrows, marginal valleys and moats. These various depositional and erosive features have a specific location along the margin, and their detailed distribution is essential to understand the present (and past) interaction of the MOW with the middle slope. Based on this distribution, five morphosedimentary sectors have been identified within the CDS, which from east to west are: (1) proximal scour and sand ribbons; (2) overflow sedimentary lobe; (3) channels and ridges; (4) active contourite drifts; and (5) submarine canyons. The development of the CDS has been controlled in general by the Pliocene and Quaternary environmental and paleoceanographic changes and by the morphology of the margin, but in detail the development of each of these sectors is related to systematic deceleration of the MOW as it flows westwards, to the interaction with the margin bathymetry, and to the effects of Coriolis force. Our comprehensive sedimentary model for the CDS defines the Gulf of Cadiz margin as a mixed contourite-turbidite system with a detached combined drift-fan morphology. This is different from many other contourite influenced margins, where the contourite processes are dominant on the middle slope, and separated from the down-slope processes, which are characteristic on the lower slope and abyssal plains. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dpto Geosci Marinas, Vigo 36200, Pontevedra, Spain. Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Madrid 28003, Spain. SOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias Mar, Cadiz 11510, Spain. CSIC, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18002, Spain. Inst Espanol Oceanog, Fuengirola 29640, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hernandez-Molina, FJ (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dpto Geosci Marinas, Vigo 36200, Pontevedra, Spain. EM fjhernan@uvigo.es RI Somoza, Luis/C-1400-2010; Lobo, Francisco Jose/J-9836-2012; Maestro, Adolfo/K-2434-2014; Vazquez, Juan-Tomas/L-7796-2014; Medialdea, Teresa/G-2647-2015; Llave, Estefania/H-2232-2015; Garcia, Marga/L-7410-2014; Leon, Ricardo/G-8314-2015 OI Somoza, Luis/0000-0001-5451-2288; Lobo, Francisco Jose/0000-0002-3294-7202; Maestro, Adolfo/0000-0002-7474-725X; Vazquez, Juan-Tomas/0000-0002-3747-4838; Medialdea, Teresa/0000-0002-7969-5751; Llave, Estefania/0000-0001-7873-7211; Garcia, Marga/0000-0003-2632-6132; Leon, Ricardo/0000-0001-5598-0710 NR 238 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2006 VL 53 IS 11-13 BP 1420 EP 1463 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.04.016 PG 44 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 096BI UT WOS:000241351600018 ER PT S AU Paolillo, PW Saxena, R Garruba, J Tripathi, S Blanchard, R AF Paolillo, Paul W. Saxena, Ragini Garruba, Jonathan Tripathi, Sanjay Blanchard, Randy BE Byrd, JC Desjardins, DD Forsythe, EW Girolamo, HJ TI E-2D Advanced Hawkeye: Primary flight display - art. no. 62250H SO Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE LED backlight; cross-cockpit viewing; wide dimming range; patterned vertical alignment (PVA); anti-reflection (AR); thin film transistor (TFT); in-plane switching (IPS); super-in-plane switching (S-IPS) ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS; PLANE-SWITCHING-MODE; VIEWING ANGLE; CONTRAST AB This paper is a response to the challenge of providing a large area avionics display for the E-2D AHE aircraft. The resulting display design provides a pilot with high-resolution visual information content covering an image area of almost three square feet (Active Area of Samsung display = 33.792cm x 27.0336 cm = 13.304" x 10.643" = 141.596 square inches = 0.983 sq. ft x 3 = 2.95 sq. ft). The avionics display application, design and performance being described is the Primary Flight Display for the E-21) Advanced Hawkeye aircraft. This cockpit display has a screen diagonal size of 17 inches. Three displays, with minimum bezel width, just fit within the available instrument panel area. The significant design constraints of supporting an upgrade installation have been addressed. These constraints include a display image size that is larger than the mounting opening in the instrument panel. This, therefore, requires that the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) window, LCD panel and backlight all fit within the limited available bezel depth. High brightness and a wide dimming range are supported with a dual mode Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube (CCFT) and LED backlight. Packaging constraints dictated the use of multiple U shaped fluorescent lamps in a direct view backlight design for a maximum display brightness of 300 foot-Lamberts. The low intensity backlight levels are provided by remote LEDs coupled through a fiber optic mesh. This architecture generates luminous uniformity within a minimum backlight depth. Cross-cockpit viewing is supported with ultra-wide field-of-view performance including contrast and the color stability of an advanced LCD cell design supports. Display system design tradeoffs directed a priority to high optical efficiency for minimum power and weight. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Paolillo, PW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6281-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6225 BP H2250 EP H2250 AR 62250H DI 10.1117/12.674319 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES63 UT WOS:000239305300012 ER EF