FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tylka, AJ Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF Lee, MA MacLennan, CG Mewaldt, RA Ng, CK Reames, DV AF Tylka, A. J. Cohen, C. M. S. Dietrich, W. F. Lee, M. A. MacLennan, C. G. Mewaldt, R. A. Ng, C. K. Reames, D. V. TI A comparative study of ion characteristics in the large gradual solar energetic particle events of 2002 April 21 and 2002 August 24 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; DRIVEN SHOCKS; WIND SPACECRAFT; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; NEAR-EARTH; ABUNDANCES; TRANSPORT; INJECTION AB Solar energetic particles (SEPs) provide an opportunity to study in detail the processes of particle acceleration and transport that are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Tylka et al. focused on the problem of SEP spectral and compositional variability at energies above a few tens of MeV per nucleon. They motivated their study with two large, gradual SEP events, 2002 April 21 and 2002 August 24, which have similar fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares but nevertheless illustrate the extremes of high-energy behavior. In this paper, we present additional detailed comparisons between the ion characteristics of these events. These results should be helpful in developing and testing new SEP models, which are currently under development. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; cohen@srl.caltech.edu; dietrich@odysseus.uchicago.edu; marty.lee@unh.edu; cgm@bell-labs.com; rmewaldt@srl.caltech.edu; cheeng@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov; reames@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 70 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 164 IS 2 BP 536 EP 551 DI 10.1086/503203 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053NT UT WOS:000238312500008 ER PT J AU O'Neill, NT Campanelli, M Lupu, A Thulasiraman, S Reid, JS Aube, M Neary, L Kaminski, JW McConnell, JC AF O'Neill, N. T. Campanelli, M. Lupu, A. Thulasiraman, S. Reid, J. S. Aube, M. Neary, L. Kaminski, J. W. McConnell, J. C. TI Evaluation of the GEM-AQ air quality model during the Quebec smoke event of 2002: Analysis of extensive and intensive optical disparities SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest fire; aerosol optical depth; Angstrom exponent ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ART.; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; HAZE AB The root-mean-square (rms) differences between the Canadian air quality model GEM-AQ and measurements for intensive and extensive optical variables (aerosol optical depth or AOD and Angstr6m exponent or a) were investigated using data from the July 2002 Quebec smoke event. In order to quantify regional differences between model and measurements we employed a three component analysis of rms differences. The behaviour of the two absolute amplitude rms components of AOD (difference of the means and the difference of the standard deviations) enabled us to infer emission properties which would otherwise have been masked by the larger 'anti-correlation' component. We found the inferred emission fluxes to be significantly higher than the original geostationary, satellite-derived FLAMBE (fire locating and modelling of burning emissions) emissions flux estimates employed as inputs to the simulations. The model captured the regional decrease of the intensive a exponent (increase of particle size with trajectory time), while the agreement with the extensive AOD parameter was marginal but clearly dependent on the nature of the spatio-temporal statistical tools employed to characterize model performance. In establishing the a versus trajectory time trend, the modelled AOD data was filtered in the same way as the measured data (very large AODs are eliminated). This processing of modelled results was deemed necessary in order to render the a results comparable with the measurements; in the latter case it was difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate between measured a trends due to instrumental artifacts (non-linearities at low signal strength) versus trends due to coagulative effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Area Ric Torvergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. York Univ, CRESS, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP O'Neill, NT (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM Norman.T.ONeill@USherbrooke.ca RI Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; OI Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; CAMPANELLI, MONICA/0000-0001-6505-8164 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3737 EP 3749 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057ID UT WOS:000238588600010 ER PT J AU Krajewski, K Zhang, YJ Parrish, D Deschamps, J Roller, PP Pathak, VK AF Krajewski, K Zhang, YJ Parrish, D Deschamps, J Roller, PP Pathak, VK TI New HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors based on a tricyclic benzothiophene scaffold: Synthesis, resolution, and inhibitory activity SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE reverse transcriptase inhibitors; synthesis; chiral separation; CD spectra; X-ray structures; RT inhibitory assay ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NONNUCLEOSIDE INHIBITORS AB We synthesized, separated into enantiomers, and tested for the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity a group Of analogs of dimethyl-1-(1-piperidynyl)cyclobuta[b][1]benzothiophene-2,2a(7bH)-dicarboxylate (NSC-380292). Absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined based on absolute X-ray structures and analysis of CD spectra. Within pairs of enantiomers the (R,R)-enantiomer was always much more potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Med Chem Lab, CCR, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roller, PP (reprint author), NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM proll@helix.nih.gov; vpathak@ncifcrf.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3034 EP 3038 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.049 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 040VC UT WOS:000237407800044 PM 16527484 ER PT J AU Pauley, P Phegley, L Vogel, G Hunte, B AF Pauley, P Phegley, L Vogel, G Hunte, B TI Automated atmospheric observations from military aircraft SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Meteorological-Society CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauley, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 6 BP 738 EP 739 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058AR UT WOS:000238637000014 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, Elizabeth M. TI Cross-cultural awareness for second/foreign language learners SO CANADIAN MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW-REVUE CANADIENNE DES LANGUES VIVANTES LA English DT Article ID ETHNOGRAPHY; CLASSROOM; FRANCE AB This article proposes a reconsideration of curricular objectives with respect to the teaching of culture, in the interest of broadening the humanistic scope of the second/foreign language curriculum while at the same time alleviating the pressure of a typically over-extended instructional agenda. Recent research and theory support a relational approach to culture learning, emphasizing understanding of the target and home culture(s) as they relate to one another, with explicit reference to the learner's culturally subjective position. The article explores the notions of cultural identity and attitudes toward the other, arguing for increased emphasis on an understanding of self as cultural subject and openness of mind toward cultural difference. Topics and activities for a curricular module on cross-cultural awareness are suggested. C1 USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU CANADIAN MODERN LANGUAGE REV PI N YORK PA UNIV TORONTO PRESS, JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST,, N YORK, ONTARIO M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0008-4506 J9 CAN MOD LANG REV JI Can. Mod. Lang. Rev.-Rev. Can. Lang. Vivantes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 4 BP 591 EP 610 DI 10.1353/cml.2006.0037 PG 20 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 061QC UT WOS:000238886300005 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Using a phase space statistic to identify resonant objects SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The identification of resonant objects in radar or sonar, important for object identification, is difficult because existing methods require that the signal have a large signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown in this article that a modified version of the Kaplan-Glass (KG) statistic, a phase space statistic used to determine if a signal is deterministic, is sensitive to the properties of resonant objects. The modified KG statistic can be used to detect the presence of a resonant object even when the radar or sonar signal does not come from a deterministic dynamical system. The use of the modified KG statistic both numerically and in a simple experiment is also demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 AR 023113 DI 10.1063/1.2198446 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 059JR UT WOS:000238729600013 PM 16822016 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, WWS TI Nations divided: America, Italy, and the southern question. SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1353/cwh.2006.0024 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 053XG UT WOS:000238338800018 ER PT J AU Mackowiak, PA AF Mackowiak, PA TI Black fluid from a traumatic wound SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMPHOTERICIN-B; BIPOLARIS; INFECTION; EXSEROHILUM; THERAPY C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, Med Ctr,Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Mycol Lab, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. TriServ AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. RP Mackowiak, PA (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, Med Ctr,Infect Dis Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1596 EP + PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 038SV UT WOS:000237247500016 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Lin, BC Gratwick, K Meador, C Hansen, C Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Irvine, M Seto, D Purkayastha, A Freed, NE Gibson, MG Russell, K Metzgar, D AF Vora, GJ Lin, BC Gratwick, K Meador, C Hansen, C Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Irvine, M Seto, D Purkayastha, A Freed, NE Gibson, MG Russell, K Metzgar, D TI Co-infections of adenovirus species in previously vaccinated patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; C ADENOVIRUSES; FIBER GENE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; HEMAGGLUTINATION AB Despite the success of the adenovirus vaccine administered to US military trainees, acute respiratory disease (ARD) surveillance still detected breakthrough infections (respiratory illnesses associated with the adenovirus serotypes specifically targeted by the vaccine). To explore the role of adenoviral co-infection (simultaneous infection by multiple pathogenic adenovirus species) in breakthrough disease, we examined specimens from patients with ARD by using 3 methods to detect multiple adenoviral species: a DNA microarray, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a multiplex PCR assay. Analysis of 52 samples (21 vaccinated, 31 unvaccinated) collected from 1996 to 2000 showed that all vaccinated samples had co-infections. Most of these coinfections were community-acquired serotypes of species B1 and E. Unvaccinated samples primarily contained only 1 species (species E) associated with adult respiratory illness. This study highlights the rarely reported phenomenon of adenoviral co-infections in a clinically relevant environment suitable for the generation of new recombinational variants. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. Virapur LLC, San Diego, CA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 921 EP 930 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900007 PM 16707047 ER PT J AU Sleep, BE Seepersad, DJ Mo, K Heidorn, CM Hrapovic, L Morrill, PL McMaster, ML Hood, ED LeBron, C Lollar, BS Major, DW Edwards, EA AF Sleep, BE Seepersad, DJ Mo, K Heidorn, CM Hrapovic, L Morrill, PL McMaster, ML Hood, ED LeBron, C Lollar, BS Major, DW Edwards, EA TI Biological enhancement of tetrachloroethene dissolution and associated microbial community changes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; SOURCE ZONES; ETHENE; PCE; DEHALOGENATION; DNAPL AB A bench-scale study was performed to evaluate the enhancement of tetrachloroethene (PCE) dissolution from a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone due to reductive dechlorination. The study was conducted in a pair of two-dimensional bench-scale aquifer systems using soil and groundwater from Dover Air Force Base, DE. After establishment of PCE source zones in each aquifer system, one was biostimulated (addition of electron donor) while the other was biostimulated and then bioaugmented with the KB1 dechlorinating culture. Biostimulation resulted in the growth of iron-reducing bacteria (Geobacter) in both systems as a result of the high iron content of the Dover soil. After prolonged electron donor addition methanogenesis dominated, but no dechlorination was observed. Following bioaugmentation of one system, dechlorination to ethene was achieved, coincident with growth of introduced Dehalococcoides and other microbes in the vicinity and downgradient of the PCE DNAPL (detected using DGGE and qPCR). Dechlorination was not detected in the nonbioaugmented system over the course of the study, indicating that the native microbial community, although containing a member of the Dehalococcoides group, was not able to dechlorinate PCE. Over 890 days, 65% of the initial emplaced PCE was removed in the bioaugmented, dechlorinating system, in comparison to 39% removal by dissolution from the nondechlorinating system. The maximum total ethenes concentration (3 mM) in the bioaugmented system occurred approximately 100 days after bioaugmentation, indicating that there was at least a 3-fold enhancement of PCE dissolution at this time. Removal rates decreased substantially beyond this time, particularly during the last 200 days of the study, when the maximum concentrations of total ethenes were only about 0.5 mM. However, PCE removal rates in the dechlorinating system remained more than twice the removal rates of the nondechlorinating system. The reductions in removal rates over time are attributed to both a shrinking DNAPL source area, and reduced flow through the DNAPL source area due to bioclogging and pore blockage from methane gas generation. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. GeoSyntec Consultants, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Edwards, EA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. EM edwards@chem-eng.utoronto.ca RI Sleep, Brent/B-1878-2008; OI Sleep, Brent/0000-0003-1591-609X; Edwards, Elizabeth/0000-0002-8071-338X NR 31 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3623 EP 3633 DI 10.1021/es051493g PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048AY UT WOS:000237921200034 PM 16786703 ER PT J AU Jackman, RP Schlichting, C Carr, W Dubois, A AF Jackman, RP Schlichting, C Carr, W Dubois, A TI Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in United States Navy submarine crews SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SEROPREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TESTS; RISK; IGG AB Helicobacter pylori prevalence is elevated in German submarine crews and in United States Navy (USN) surface fleet personnel, but H. pylori prevalence in USN submariners was unknown. The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in the crews of USN nuclear submarines compared to other military personnel and to the general US population. The presence of H. pylori IgG antibodies was determined in serum samples using a commercial ELISA. Only 47 out of 451 submariners (9.4%) were H. pylori positive, which is similar to that of the US general population with a similar level of education. In contrast, H. pylori prevalence is significantly higher in US Army recruits (26%), USN surface fleet personnel (25%), and German diesel submariners (38%). These data demonstrate that submarine service (and by inference activity requiring isolation and close contact, per se) is not a risk factor for H. pylori infection. C1 Cascades E Family Practice Residency, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Naval Submarine Base, Groton, CT USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Digest Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jackman, RP (reprint author), Cascades E Family Practice Residency, 2801 Daggett Ave, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. EM rjackman@mwmc.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA082312-08, R01 CA82312, R01 CA082312] NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 134 IS 3 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005169 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 046BK UT WOS:000237786200003 PM 16194289 ER PT J AU Merz, M Reutler, P Buchner, B Arena, D Dvorak, J Idzerda, YU Tokumitsu, S Schuppler, S AF Merz, M Reutler, P Buchner, B Arena, D Dvorak, J Idzerda, YU Tokumitsu, S Schuppler, S TI O1s and Mn2p NEXAFS on single-layered La1-xSr1+xMnO4: crystal field effect versus orbital coupling mechanism SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4; OXIDES; CHARGE; MANGANITES; LAMNO3; OXYGEN; ORDER AB O1s and Mn2p near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy on La1-xSr1+xMnO4 (0 <= x <= 0.5) single crystals shows that Sr doping does not only provide holes to the system but also induces a continuous transfer of electrons from out-of-plane d(3z2-r2) to in-plane d(3x2-r2)/d(3y2-r2) orbitals. Furthermore, a non-vanishing electron occupation of in-plane d(x2-y2) and out-of-plane d(3z2-r2) orbitals is observed up to relatively high doping contents. These findings demonstrate that the energy difference between all these orbital types has to be very small and manifest that the orbital degree of freedom is determined not just by crystal field effects but also by orbital coupling. Moreover, the doping-dependent transfer of spectral weight observed in the current data identifies La1-xSr1+xMnO4 as a charge-transfer insulator. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. IFW Dresden, Inst Solid State Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Merz, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, Jagerstr 17-19, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. EM merz@xtal.rwth-aachen.de RI Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00228-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 056DZ UT WOS:000238502800002 ER PT J AU Rose-Pehrsson, SL Minor, CP Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC Lynch, JA Gottuk, DT Wales, SC Farley, JP Williams, FW AF Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Minor, Christian P. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Lynch, James A. Gottuk, Daniel T. Wales, Stephen C. Farley, John P. Williams, Frederick W. TI Volume sensor for damage assessment and situational awareness SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection CY SEP, 2004 CL Univ Duisburg essen, Duisburg, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg essen DE video image fire detection; fire detection; smoke detection; flame detection; pipe rupture detection; data fusion; multi-sensory detection; spectral and acoustic signature ID FIRE DETECTION; LEAK DETECTION AB A multi-sensory approach is being used to develop new detection capabilities for improved damage assessment and real-time situational awareness. As part of the Advanced Damage Countermeasures (ADC) program, the US Navy seeks to develop and demonstrate improved damage control capabilities that will be incorporated into new ship designs. This work represents the progress in the fourth year of a multi-year program to identify, evaluate, and adapt video image detection technologies for shipboard damage control. Various spectral and acoustic signatures, new video imaging techniques, and image recognition methods have been investigated and integrated into a multi-sensory prototype system that is able to detect event signatures within the volume of a space (i.e., a "volume sensor") rather than relying on spot-type fire detectors. The prototype systems were shown to outperform the commercial systems for flaming and smoldering fires with a high immunity to nuisance sources. In addition, the prototypes accurately identified pipe ruptures and flooding events. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM susan.rosepehrsson@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.12.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 051GG UT WOS:000238149000009 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Steinhurst, DA Minor, CP Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW Gottuk, DT AF Owrutsky, JC Steinhurst, DA Minor, CP Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW Gottuk, DT TI Long wavelength video detection of fire in ship compartments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection CY SEP, 2004 CL Univ Duisburg essen, Duisburg, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg essen DE video image fire detection; fire detection; near infrared; long wavelength; camera; flame detection AB This paper describes progress using filtered, long wavelength video image-based detection (LWVD) of events in laboratory tests and full scale fire testing within the Volume Sensor Program at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This effort toward developing a real-time, remote sensing detection system utilizes video image detection (VID) systems based on cameras that operate in the visible region, which were developed for detecting smoke and have recently been adapted to detecting fire. However, VID systems are not effective at detecting fire outside the direct line of sight of the camera. Our studies demonstrate that long wavelength imaging achieves effective detection of reflected flame emission compared to visible video images. A system that combines visible and long wavelength image capabilities may be more accurate and sensitive than either alone. Our LWVD approach exploits the long wavelength response of standard CCD arrays used in many cameras. A long pass filter (typically in the range 700-900 nm) increases the contrast for flaming and hot objects and suppresses the normal video image of the space, thereby effectively providing a degree of thermal imaging. There is more emission from hot objects in this spectral region than in the visible region (<600 nm). Testing has demonstrated the detection of objects heated to 400 degrees C or higher. A simple luminosity-based algorithm was developed and used to evaluate camera/filter combinations for fire, smoke and nuisance (false) event detection and response times. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 051GG UT WOS:000238149000011 ER PT J AU Gottuk, DT Lynch, JA Rose-Pehrsson, SL Owrutsky, JC Williams, FW AF Gottuk, DT Lynch, JA Rose-Pehrsson, SL Owrutsky, JC Williams, FW TI Video image fire detection for shipboard use SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection CY SEP, 2004 CL Univ Duisburg essen, Duisburg, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg essen DE video image fire detection; fire detection; lighting; smoke detection; flame detection AB The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial video image fire detection systems for small, cluttered spaces as would be found on Navy ships. The primary goal was to establish an understanding of the performance sensitivity and limitations of the video image detection (VID) systems to various setup and environmental conditions that may occur onboard ship while exposed to a range of flaming and smoldering fire sources and potential nuisance alarm sources. The response of the VID systems was benchmarked against standard fire alarm systems using addressable ionization and photoelectric smoke detectors. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gottuk, DT (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM dgottuk@haifire.com RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 5 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.12.007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 051GG UT WOS:000238149000012 ER PT J AU Giovanni, TPS Keblish, DJ Thomas, WH Wilson, MG AF Giovanni, TPS Keblish, DJ Thomas, WH Wilson, MG TI Eight-year results of a minimally constrained total ankle arthroplasty SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ankle arthritis; ankle arthroplasty; ankle replacement; rheumatoid arthritis ID TERM FOLLOW-UP; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; REPLACEMENT; ARTHRODESIS; EXPERIENCE AB Background: Few studies have reported the intermediate to long-term results of minimally constrained total ankle replacements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a minimally constrained total ankle prosthesis in a select low-demand patient population. Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent a Buechel-Pappas total ankle replacement (BP TAR) between 1990 to 1997. Thirty-one ankle arthroplasties were performed in 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. One patient was lost to followup (deceased) and two ankles that failed resulted in fusion (overall survivorship -93 %). This left 28 ankles (21 patients) that were re-evaluated clinically and radiographically with an average followup of 8.3 (range 5.0 to 12.2) years. Preoperative and postoperative ranges of motion were measured and AOFAS hindfoot scores were calculated. Recent weightbearing radiographs were reviewed for evidence of component subsidence, radiolucent lines, and osteolysis. Results: In 25 of 28 ankles (89%), patients were completely satisfied with the result of their ankle replacement and rated their pain as only mild to none; three (11 %) patients were dissatisfied. Radiographic analysis revealed stable, well-positioned implants with evidence of biologic ingrowth in 23 ankles (82%), while five implants were interpreted as being at risk for impending failure because of marked tibial or talar component subsidence (18%). Component subsidence did not correlate with the presence or absence of radiolucent lines. Only one ankle demonstrated clear evidence of osteolysis. Ten intraoperative medial malleolar fractures occurred (32% of ankles) during implantation of the prosthesis, though in only one did this adversely affect patient outcome. Nine postoperative complications (29%) occurred; four wound dehiscences, four 1 stress fractures, and one medial malleolar nonunion. Conclusions: Improvements in prosthetic design such as cementless fixation and decreased constraint appear to make total ankle arthroplasty a more predictable procedure over this period of followup. Despite a variety of complications, we are encouraged by the intermediate-term results in a select low-demand arthritic population. C1 UHZ Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. USN Acad, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Giovanni, TPS (reprint author), UHZ Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1150 Camp San Ave,Suite 200, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM tsangiovanni@uhzsmi.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 418 EP 426 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 050JN UT WOS:000238083700005 ER PT J AU Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM AF Konkowski, D. A. Helliwell, T. M. TI Mining metrics for buried treasure SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE singularity; exact solution ID QUASI-REGULAR SPACETIMES; QUANTUM SINGULARITY; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY; SPINNING STRINGS; COSMIC STRINGS; FLAT SPACE; FIELDS; TIMES; EQUATIONS AB The same but different: That might describe two metrics. On the surface CLASSI may show two metrics are locally equivalent, but buried beneath may be a wealth of further structure. This was beautifully described in a paper by Malcolm MacCallum in 1998. Here I will illustrate the effect with two flat metrics one describing ordinary Minkowski spacetime and the other describing a three-parameter family of Gal'tsov-Letelier-Tod spacetimes. I will dig out the beautiful hidden classical singularity structure of the latter (a structure first noticed by Tod in 1994) and then show how quantum considerations can illuminate the riches. I will then discuss how quantum structure can help us understand classical singularities and metric parameters in a variety of exact solutions mined from the Exact Solutions book. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dak@usna.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1007/s10714-006-0289-y PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 062XE UT WOS:000238979200008 ER PT J AU Reimers, CE Girguis, P Stecher, HA Tender, LM Ryckelynck, N Whaling, P AF Reimers, C. E. Girguis, P. Stecher, H. A., III Tender, L. M. Ryckelynck, N. Whaling, P. TI Microbial fuel cell energy from an ocean cold seep SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Benthic microbial fuel cells are devices that generate modest levels of electrical power in seafloor environments by a mechanism analogous to the coupled biogeochemical reactions that transfer electrons from organic carbon through redox intermediates to oxygen. Two benthic microbial fuel cells were deployed at a deep-ocean cold seep within Monterey Canyon, California, and were monitored for 125 days. Their anodes consisted of single graphite rods that were placed within microbial mat patches of the seep, while the cathodes consisted of carbon-fibre/titanium wire brushes attached to graphite plates suspended similar to 0.5 m above the sediment. Power records demonstrated a maximal sustained power density of 34 mW.m(-2) of anode surface area, equating to 1100 mW m(-2) of seafloor. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of microbial biofilms that formed on the electrode surfaces revealed changes in microbial community composition along the anode as a function of sediment depth and surrounding geochemistry. Near the sediment surface (20-29 cm depth), the anodic biofilm was dominated by microorganisms closely related to Desulfuromonas acetoxidans. At horizons 46-55 and 70-76 cm below the sediment-water interface, clone libraries showed more diverse populations, with increasing representation of delta-proteobacteria such as Desulfocapsa and Syntrophus, as well as epsilon-proteobacteria. Genes from phylotypes related to Pseudomonas dominated the cathode clone library. These results confound ascribing a single electron transport role performed by only a few members of the microbial community to explain energy harvesting from marine sediments. In addition, the microbial fuel cells exhibited slowly decreasing current attributable to a combination of anode passivation and sulfide mass transport limitation. Electron micrographs of fuel cell anodes and laboratory experiments confirmed that sulfide oxidation products can build up on anode surfaces and impede electron transfer. Thus, while cold seeps have the potential to provide more power than neighbouring ocean sediments, the limits of mass transport as well as the proclivity for passivation must be considered when developing new benthic microbial fuel cell designs to meet specific power requirements. C1 [Reimers, C. E.; Stecher, H. A., III; Ryckelynck, N.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reimers, C. E.; Stecher, H. A., III; Ryckelynck, N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Girguis, P.; Whaling, P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Girguis, P.] Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tender, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reimers, CE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NOAA's Undersea Research Center for the US West Coast and Polar Regions; National Science Foundation, Oregon Sea Grant; Defense Advanced Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by grants from NOAA's Undersea Research Center for the US West Coast and Polar Regions, the National Science Foundation, Oregon Sea Grant, the Defense Advanced Projects Agency, and the Office of Naval Research. The information reported does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We are grateful to the ROV pilots, ship's crew, technicians, and staff of MBARI's Marine Operations for the successful and safe completion of these experiments, and to Josh Plant, Geoff Wheat and Hans Jannasch for permitting us to report their vibrapeeper pore water data. We also thank Yvan Alleau, Joe Jennings and Kate Howell for analytical assistance, and James Barry and Ed DeLong for information about the study site and added dive time. NR 46 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 5 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00071.x PG 14 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA V06CR UT WOS:000207172200004 ER PT J AU Graves, LP McWilliams, JC Montgomery, MT AF Graves, Lee Paul McWilliams, James C. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Vortex evolution due to straining: a mechanism for dominance of strong, interior anticyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE vortex; anticyclone; Vortex Rossby Wave; strain deformation ID ROSSBY-WAVES; SHEAR-FLOW; EDDIES; VORTICITY; TURBULENCE; STABILITY; BLOCKING; INTENSIFICATION; DEFORMATION; INSTABILITY AB In this article we address two questions: Why do freely evolving vortices weaken on average, even when the viscosity is very small? Why, in the fluid's interior, away from vertical boundaries and under the influence of Earth's rotation and stable density stratification, do anticyclonic vortices become dominant over cyclonic ones when the Rossby number and deformation radius are finite? The context for answering these questions is a rotating, conservative, Shallow-water model with Asymmetric and Gradient-wind Balance approximations. The controlling mechanisms are vortex weakening under straining deformation (with a weakening that is substantially greater for strong cyclones than strong anticyclones) followed by a partially compensating vortex strengthening during a relaxation phase dominated by Vortex Rossby Waves (VRWs) and their eddy-mean interaction with the vortex. The outcome is a net, strain-induced vortex weakening that is greater for cyclones than anticyclones when the deformation radius is not large compared to the vortex radius and the Rossby number is not small. Furthermore, when the exterior strain flow is sustained, the vortex changes also are sustained: for small Rossby number (i.e., the quasigeostrophic limit, QG), vortices continue to weaken at a relatively modest rate, but for larger Rossby number, cyclones weaken strongly and anticyclones actually strengthen systematically when the deformation radius is comparable to the vortex radius. The sustained vortex changes are associated with strain-induced VRWs on the periphery of the mean vortex. It therefore seems likely that, in a complex flow with many vortices, anticyclonic dominance develops over a sequence of transient mutual straining events due to the greater robustness of anticyclones (and occasionally their net strengthening). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Huricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP McWilliams, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jcm@atmos.ucla.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1929 J9 GEOPHYS ASTRO FLUID JI Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 BP 151 EP 183 DI 10.1080/03091920600792041 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics GA 083DM UT WOS:000240436100001 ER PT J AU Domiguez, DD Keller, TM AF Domiguez, DD Keller, TM TI Low-melting phthalonitrile oligomers: Preparation, polymerization and polymer properties SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE phthalonitrile; high temperature polymer; thermoset; processability; thermal properties; dynamic mechanical properties ID CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; POLYIMIDES; RESIN AB A series of low-melting phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared in which variable-length multiple aromatic ether linkages interconnect the terminal phthalonitrile units. These materials were designed to address the need for a processable resin system with good high-temperature properties. The melt-processable oligomers; are obtained using a modified-Ullman ether reaction between a bisphenol and a dihalobenzene to form a hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric intermediate that is endcapped by reaction with 4-nitrophthalonitrile. Viscosity measurements show that the phthalonittile oligomers are polymerized at a moderate temperature (200 degrees C) using the typical aromatic diamine curing additives, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene. The oligomeric phthalonitrile/diamine mixtures exhibit a low complex melt viscosity (0.01-0.1 Pa s) at 200 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis is used to follow the polymerization as the oligomeric phthalonitrile/diamine mixtures are heated to elevated temperatures. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of thermally-cured oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers are systematically evaluated and compared with those of two other high temperature thermosetting phthalonitrile polymers, 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl and 1,3bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene. After thermal treatment at 425 degrees C for 8 h, the oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers exhibit char yields of 70% when heated to 1000 degrees C in flowing nitrogen and decomposition temperatures in excess of 500 degrees C when heated in either flowing nitrogen or air. Rheometric measurements indicate that the fully cured oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers do not soften or exhibit a glass transition temperature upon heating to 450 degrees C. Overall, studies on the phthalonitrile oligomers and the corresponding polymers reveal an attractive combination of processability, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability and good dynamic mechanical properties for these materials. C1 USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Domiguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dawn.dominguez@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 283 EP 304 DI 10.1177/0954008306060143 PG 22 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 050TO UT WOS:000238111600004 ER PT J AU Lopez-Martinez, C Hajnsek, I Lee, JS Pottier, E Fabregas, X AF Lopez-Martinez, C. Hajnsek, I. Lee, J. -S. Pottier, E. Fabregas, X. TI Polarimetric speckle noise effects in quantitative physical parameters retrieval SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID TARGET DECOMPOSITION-THEOREMS; SAR; SCATTERING; IMAGES AB Quantitative estimation of physical parameters of the Earth's surface is currently an active area of research. Multidimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems appear in this framework as a tool capable of performing this task on a global scale and independently of the weather conditions. In particular, polarimetric SAR data have been successfully employed, in combination with different electromagnetic inversion algorithms, to extract physical information from measured data. Nevertheless, SAR data are affected by speckle noise. The influence of speckle noise and its filtering in the quantitative estimation of physical parameters is analysed. To perform this study, a novel model for speckle noise in multidimensional SAR data is considered. Finally, the effect on the quantitative estimation of surface parameters is investigated. C1 Univ Rennes 1, Inst Elect & Telecommun Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. DLR, Microwaves & Radar Inst, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Catalonia, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Lopez-Martinez, C (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Inst Elect & Telecommun Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM carlos.lopez@tsc.upc.edu RI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/J-7446-2012; Fabregas, Xavier/F-4852-2013 OI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/0000-0002-1366-9446; Fabregas, Xavier/0000-0002-7654-9695 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 153 IS 3 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045102 PG 10 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 064PN UT WOS:000239101700009 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS AF Schuler, D. L. Lee, J. -S. TI Mapping ocean surface features using biogenic slick-fields and SAR polarimetric decomposition techniques SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; WAVE SPECTRA; MULTIFREQUENCY; FRONTS; IMAGES AB Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) backscatter from the ocean contains a great deal of information about the physical surface itself. The authors focus on developing a method using polarimetric information and biogenic slick-fields to map selected ocean surface features. The spiral eddy surface features and slick-fields used in this study are those commonly found in waters of the Southern California Bight. To acquire a new dataset, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) jointly flew AIRSAR missions during April 2003 over waters of the Santa Monica Basin and the San Pedro Channel. Conventional single polarisation radar data indiscriminately image the slick-fields, in addition to all unwanted contributions, e.g. intensity modulations owing to the background wave-field and local air-sea interactions. Establishment of an intensity-based threshold to segment the slicks was found to be difficult; particularly under changing wind/wave conditions. In this study several feature and slick mapping algorithms are evaluated. Parameters of the entropy, anisotropy, alpha ((H/A/alpha)) Cloude-Pottier decomposition are used to determine the polarimetric scattering properties of both the biogenic slicks and the ambient 'clean' surface. Use of the Cloude-Pottier parameters allows segmentation of shorter Bragg wave effects from longer wave slope modulations. An algorithm combining the Cloude-Pottier decomposition parameters (H/A/alpha) with the complex Wishart classifier was evaluated and subsequently selected as the algorithm of choice when using slicks for the production of ocean feature maps. Spiral eddy ocean features, generated by current flow around the southern Channel Islands, were detected and mapped using biogenic slicks as markers for the presence and shape of the eddies. C1 USN, Image Sci Sect, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Image Sci Sect, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dschuler@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 153 IS 3 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045118 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 064PN UT WOS:000239101700010 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS AF Asvestas, JS TI Radiation of a coaxial line into a half-space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary-integral equations (BIEs); coaxial-line radiation; method of moments (MoM); modal basis functions; modal testing functions ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ARRAYS AB We present a new approach to the problem of radiation by a coaxial line into a half-space. We obtain boundary-integral equations for the current densities over the walls of the coax and its opening to the half-space. Using the modes of the coax for basis and testing functions, we convert the integral equations to an infinite system of linear equations, the unknowns being the coefficients of the current density expansions. We demonstrate how, by solving a small subsystem, we can obtain the fields everywhere in space. C1 NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Code 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1624 EP 1631 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.875479 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 052KK UT WOS:000238232400002 ER PT J AU Vasile, G Trouve, E Lee, JS Buzuloiu, V AF Vasile, G Trouve, E Lee, JS Buzuloiu, V TI Intensity-driven adaptive-neighborhood technique for polarimetric and interferometric SAR parameters estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coherency estimation; interferometry; multivariate region growing; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar ID SPATIAL INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; TARGET DECOMPOSITION-THEOREMS; SIGNAL-DEPENDENT NOISE; REMOTE-SENSING IMAGES; COHERENCE ESTIMATION; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; SCATTERING MATRIX; RADAR POLARIMETRY; SPECKLE; STATISTICS AB In this paper, a new method to filter coherency matrices of polarimetric or interferometric data is presented. For each pixel, an adaptive neighborhood (AN) is determined by a region growing technique driven exclusively by the intensity image information. All the available intensity images of the polarimetric and interferometric terms are fused in the region growing process to ensure the validity of the stationarity assumption. Afterward, all the pixels within the obtained AN are used to yield the filtered values of the polarimetric and interferometric coherency matrices, which can be derived either by direct complex multilooking or from the locally linear minimum mean-squared error (LLMMSE) estimator. The entropy/alpha/anisotropy decomposition is then applied to the estimated polarimetric coherency matrices, and coherence optimization is performed on the estimated polarimetric and interferometric coherency matrices. Using this decomposition, unsupervised classification for land applications by an iterative algorithm based on a complex Wishart density function is also applied. The method has been tested on airborne high-resolution polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar (POL-InSAR) images (Oberpfaffenhofen area-German Space Agency). For comparison purposes, the two estimation techniques (complex multilooking and LLMMSE) were tested using three different spatial supports: a fix-sized symmetric neighborhood (boxcar filter), directional nonsymmetric windows, and the proposed AN. Subjective and objective performance analysis, including coherence edge detection, receiver operating characteristics plots, and bias reduction tables, recommends the proposed algorithm as an effective POL-InSAR postprocessing technique. C1 Univ Savoie, ESIA, Lab Informat Syst Traitement Informat & Connaissa, F-74016 Annecy, France. Politehn Univ Bucharest, Image Proc & Anal Lab, Bucharest 061071, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasile, G (reprint author), Univ Savoie, ESIA, Lab Informat Syst Traitement Informat & Connaissa, BP,806, F-74016 Annecy, France. EM gabriel.vasile@univ-savoie.frl; emmanuel.trouve@univ-savoie.fr; jong.lee@nrl.navy.mil; buzuloiu@alpha.imag.pub.ro RI Vasile, Gabriel/F-5176-2011 OI Vasile, Gabriel/0000-0002-6458-3634 NR 49 TC 123 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1621 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.864142 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046PR UT WOS:000237824000022 ER PT J AU Cameron, CB Rodriguez, RN Padgett, N Waluschka, E Kizhner, S Colon, G Weeks, C AF Cameron, CB Rodriguez, RN Padgett, N Waluschka, E Kizhner, S Colon, G Weeks, C TI Fast optical ray tracing using multiple DSPs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital signal processor (DSP); moderate resolution; imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); optical ray tracing; optics; parallel processing; reconfigurable computing; resistance-capacitance (RC) AB Optical ray tracing is a computationally intensive operation that is central both to the design of optical systems and to analyzing their performance once built. The authors have previously reported on the use of parallel digital signal processors (DSPs) to reduce the time required to perform ray tracing in analyzing the performance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is presently in orbit on multiple spacecraft. The earlier work was incomplete, providing only a conservative estimate of the performance improvement that could be achieved with one to four DSPs. This paper reports on the completed project and extends the earlier work to eight DSPs. As predicted in the earlier paper, not all rays make it through the entire optical system. Many are lost along the way. This is one factor that led to reduced processing time. Another is the use of an optimizing compiler. In this paper, the authors present results showing the separate effect of each of these two independent factors on the overall processing time. The most significant finding is the extraordinarily linear relationship between the number of DSPs available and the speed of the ray tracing. By using eight DSPs, the processing time is reduced from two weeks to less than one and a half days, an improvement of nearly a whole order of magnitude. Low-cost high-speed ray tracing is now feasible using off-the-shelf plug-in processor boards. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20768 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cameron, CB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cameronc@usna.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1109/TIM.2006.873813 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 046ZK UT WOS:000237849400016 ER PT J AU Joye, CD Griffin, RG Hornstein, MK Hu, KN Kreischer, KE Rosay, M Shapiro, MA Sirigiri, JR Temkin, RJ Woskov, PP AF Joye, CD Griffin, RG Hornstein, MK Hu, KN Kreischer, KE Rosay, M Shapiro, MA Sirigiri, JR Temkin, RJ Woskov, PP TI Operational characteristics of a 14-W 140-GHz gyrotron for dynamic nuclear polarization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic nuclear polarization; gyrotron; millimeter wave ID RESONANCE; GHZ AB The operating characteristics of a 140-GHz 14-W long pulse gyrotron are presented. The device is being used in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP/NMR) spectroscopy experiments. The gyrotron yields 14 W peak power at 139.65 GHz from the TE(0,3) operating mode using a 12.3-kV 25-mA electron beam. Additionally, up to 12.W peak has been observed in the TE(2,3) mode at 136.90 GHz. A series of mode converters transform the TE(0,3) operating mode to the TE(1,1) mode. Experimental results are compared with nonlinear simulations and show reasonable agreement. The millimeter-wave output beam was imaged in a single shot using a pyroelectric camera. The mode patterns matched reasonably well to theory for both the TE(0,1) mode and the TE(1,1), mode. Repeatable mode patterns were obtained at intervals ranging from 0.8 s apart to 11 min apart at the output of the final mode converter. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Natl Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. Bruker BioSpin Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cjoye@mit.edu RI Sirigiri, Jagadishwar/E-6070-2011 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB004866-05A1, P41 EB002026, R01 EB004866-04, R01 EB002804, R01 EB001965-04, R01 EB001965, R01 EB004866] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875776 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500005 PM 17431442 ER PT J AU Hornstein, MK Bajaj, VS Griffin, RG Temkin, RJ AF Hornstein, MK Bajaj, VS Griffin, RG Temkin, RJ TI Continuous-wave operation of a 460-GHz second harmonic gyrotron oscillator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE continuous-wave (CW); dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP); gyrotron oscillator; harmonic; low voltage; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); submillimeter; terahertz ID TECHNICAL NOISE; FREQUENCY; GHZ AB We report the regulated continuous-wave (CW) operation of a second harmonic gyrotron oscillator at output power levels of over 8 W (12.4 kV and 135 mA beam voltage and current) in the TE0,6,1 mode near 460 GHz. The gyrotron also operates in the second harmonic TE2,6,1 mode at 456 GHz and in the TE2,3,1 fundamental mode at 233 GHz. CW operation was demonstrated for a one-hour period in the TE0,6,1 mode with better than 1% power stability, where the power was regulated using feedback control. Nonlinear simulations of the gyrotron operation agree with the experimentally measured output power and radio-frequency (RF) efficiency when cavity ohmic losses are included in the analysis. The output radiation pattern was measured using a pyroelectric camera and is highly Gaussian, with an ellipticity of 4%. The 460-GHz gyrotron will serve as a millimeter-wave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at a magnetic field of 16.4 T. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Natl Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hornstein, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hornstein@alum.mit.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB004866, R01 EB002061, R01 EB001965, R01 EB004866-05A1, R01 EB002061-07, P41 EB002026, R01 EB002804, R01 EB001965-04, R01 EB004866-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055327-04, R01 GM055327] NR 13 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875769 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500006 PM 17710187 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Abe, DK Levush, B AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Pershing, Dean E. Abe, David K. Levush, Baruch TI Bandwidth extension of an S-band, fundamental-mode eight-beam klystron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broadband circuit; multiple-beam klystron (MBK); multiple-gap cavity; two-gap cavity ID MULTIPLE-BEAM KLYSTRON; HIGH-POWER; GUN DESIGN AB We present a general discussion of multiple-gap cavity characteristics and stability issues along with the detailed design of a five-cavity, broadband, high-power multiple-beam klystron (MBK). The predicted performance characteristics of this S-band fundamental-mode klystron circuit include a 3-dB bandwidth of 6.7% with peak power similar to 600 kW and an electronic gain of 33 dB. The circuit is powered by a 32 A, 45 kV eight-beam electron gun (Nguyen et al., 2004) whose design has been Successfully tested in a previous narrowband MBK circuit (Nguyen et al, 2004), (Abe et al, 2005). The present circuit was designed and optimized with the three-dimensional particle-in-cell code MAGIC. C1 Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. ATK Mission Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875768 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500014 ER PT J AU Hunt, EM Pantoya, ML Jouet, RJ AF Hunt, EM Pantoya, ML Jouet, RJ TI Combustion synthesis of metallic foams from nanocomposite reactants SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE nickel aluminides based on NiAl; nanostructured intermetallics; reaction synthesis ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; ULTRAFINE ALUMINUM; POROUS MATERIALS; PROPAGATION AB Highly porous intermetallic alloys were created through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The reactants are composed of nano-scale particles of nickel (Ni), micron-scale particles of aluminum (Al), and nano-scale Al particles passivated with a gasifying agent, C13F27COOH. The concentration of nano-Al particles present in the reactant matrix was controlled according to the wt% gasifying agent. Flame propagation was observed to transition from normal to convectively dominant burning as more gasifying agent became present in the reactants. Ignition delay times were reduced by two orders of magnitude when only 2.24 wt% nm Al particles were present. The product alloy expanded by a factor of 14 in the axial direction with 1.6 wt% nm At (corresponding to 10 wt% gasifying agent). The total porosity of the pellets increased by a factor of 8 (i.e., from 10 to 80% porosity for 0-14 wt% gasifying agent). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@coe.ttu.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 620 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.10.011 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 019QD UT WOS:000235850900006 ER PT J AU Tudor, V Ohadi, A AF Tudor, V Ohadi, A TI The effect of stationary and sweeping frequency AC electric fields on frost crystal removal on a cold plate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE research; experirnent growth; crystal; frost; defrosting; modelling; plate; electric field; alternating current ID GROWTH AB The effect of stationary and sweeping frequency AC electric fields on frost crystals growth and frost control/removal on a cold plate was studied for the first time in this paper. The main results of this study showed that the presence of AC electric fields can greatly affect both the frost crystals growth pattern and mass accumulation on cold surfaces. The ice surface electrical properties and basic electrostatics were used to explain the main findings in this paper. Up to 46% frost reduction was obtained when the electric field frequency spanned 370 Hz to 7.5 kHz while the applied voltage was 14.5 kV. Two different sets of environmental conditions were tested, which showed that the plate temperature placed an important effect on frost crystals growth under electric fields. An optimum application time of the AC electric fields was found based on least frost mass accumulation on the cold plate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Adv Thermal Syst Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Smart & Small Thermal Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tudor, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Adv Thermal Syst Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM vtudor@usna.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.08.015 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 053VJ UT WOS:000238333600015 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance of an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat pump with a generalized heat transfer law SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; thermodynamic optimization absorption heat pump; heat transfer law; optimal performance ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME; THERMODYNAMICS; REFRIGERATORS; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; EFFICIENCY AB An endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat pump cycle model with a generalized heat transfer law Q proportional to Delta(T-n) is established. The general relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating load with Q proportional to Alpha (T-n) is deduced. The fundamental optimal relation, the optimal temperatures of working substance, as well as the optimal heat transfer surface area distributions with linear phenomenological heat transfer law are derived. Moreover, the effects of heat transfer law on the performance of absorption heat pump are analyzed and the performance comparison before and after optimizing the distribution of the total heat transfer surface area is performed by numerical example. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2005.08.005 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 037PG UT WOS:000237158600009 ER PT J AU Busquet, M Weaver, JL Colombant, DG Mostovych, AN Feldman, U Klapisch, M Seely, JF Holland, G AF Busquet, M. Weaver, J. L. Colombant, D. G. Mostovych, A. N. Feldman, U. Klapisch, M. Seely, J. F. Holland, G. TI Comparison of simulation to absolute X-ray emission of CH plasma created with the Nike laser SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID SPECTROSCOPY; FACILITY AB The Nike laser group at the Naval Research Laboratory has an ongoing effort to improve and benchmark the radiation hydrodynamic simulations used to develop pellet designs for inertial confinement fusion. A new postprocessor, Virtual Spectro, has been added to the FAST code suite for detailed simulation of non-LTE spectra, including radiation transport effects and Stark line profile. This new combination enhances our ability to predict the absolute emission of soft x-rays. An absolutely calibrated transmission grating spectrometer and a high resolution grazing incidence spectrometer have been used to collect time integrated and time resolved spectra emitted by CH targets irradiated at laser intensities of similar to 10 TW/cm(2). Comparison between these observations and simulations using Virtual Spectro demonstrates excellent agreement (within factor of similar to 1.5) for the absolute emission. C1 ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Busquet, M (reprint author), ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133091 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900091 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Hegeler, F Sethian, JD Wolford, MF Myers, MC Abdel-Khalik, S Sadowski, D Schoonover, K Novak, V AF Giuliani, J. L. Hegeler, F. Sethian, J. D. Wolford, M. F. Myers, M. C. Abdel-Khalik, S. Sadowski, D. Schoonover, K. Novak, V. TI Foil cooling for rep-rated electron beam pumped KrF lasers SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB In rep-rated electron beam pumped lasers the foil separating the vacuum diode from the laser gas is subject to repeated heating due to partial beam stopping. Three cooling methods are examined for the Electra KrF laser at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Foil temperature measurements for convective cooling by the recirculating laser gas and by spray mist cooling are reported, along with estimates for thermal conductive foil cooling to the hibachi ribs. Issues on the application of each of these approaches to laser drivers in a fusion power plant are noted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133126 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900126 ER PT J AU Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Sethian, JD AF Wolford, M. F. Hegeler, F. Myers, M. C. Giuliani, J. L., Jr. Lehmberg, R. H. Sethian, J. D. TI Efficient repetitively pulsed 730 joule electron beam pumped KrF laser SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB A flat-top intrinsic efficiency of 9.6% was measured for 730 J KrF laser shot. This corresponds to an expected flat-top intrinsic efficiency of 11 - 12% for a properly designed amplifier. Under rep-rate conditions, compositional changes, and pressure changes, a high intrinsic efficiency is maintained. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM wolford@this.nrl.navy.mil; fhegeler@this.nrl.navy.mil; giul@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 697 EP 699 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133140 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900140 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Blanchard, J Robson, AE Rose, DV Sawan, M Sethian, J Snead, L Sviatoslavsk, I AF Raffray, A. R. Blanchard, J. Robson, A. E. Rose, D. V. Sawan, M. Sethian, J. Snead, L. Sviatoslavsk, I. CA HAPL Team TI Impact of magnetic diversion on laser IFE reactor design and performance SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB This paper covers the results of a scoping study to assess the possible application of magnetic diversion to a laser IFE reactor. Its impact on the engineering design and performance of the reactor is discussed, key issues are identified, and the findings from this assessment are summarized. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, EBU 2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, EBU 2, Room 460, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM raffray@fusion.ucsd.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133170 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900170 ER PT J AU Back, CA Seely, JF Weaver, JL Feldman, U Tommasini, R Glendinning, SG Chung, HK Rosen, M Lee, RW Scott, HA Tillack, M Kilkenny, JD AF Back, C. A. Seely, J. F. Weaver, J. L. Feldman, U. Tommasini, R. Glendinning, S. G. Chung, H. -K. Rosen, M. Lee, R. W. Scott, H. A. Tillack, M. Kilkenny, J. D. TI Underdense radiation sources: Moving towards longer wavelengths SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS AB Underdense radiation sources have been developed to provide efficient laboratory multi-keV radiation sources for radiography and radiation hardening studies. In these plasmas laser absorption by inverse bremsstrahlung leads to high x-ray conversion efficiency because of efficient ionization of the low density aerogel or gas targets. Now we performing experiments in the soft x-ray energy regime where the atomic physics models are much more complicated. In recent experiments at the NIKE laser, we have irradiated a Ti-doped SiO2 aerogel with up to 1650J of 248 nm wavelength light. The absolute Ti L-shell emission in the 200-800 eV range is measured with a diagnostic that uses a transmission grating coupled to Si photodiodes. We will give an overview of the temporally-resolved absolutely calibrated spectra obtained over a range of conditions. Eventually we hope to extend our studies to x-ray production in the EUV range. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM tinaback@llnl.gov; tommasini2@llnl.gov; rwlee@berkeley.edu; mtillack@ucsd.edu RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1173 EP 1175 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133239 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900239 ER PT J AU Klette, KL Kettle, AR Jamerson, MH AF Klette, KL Kettle, AR Jamerson, MH TI Prevalence of use study for amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in military entrance processing stations (MEPS) specimens SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 320B B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM klklette@nhgl.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 057ML UT WOS:000238599800006 PM 16839469 ER PT J AU Brewer, PJ deMello, AJ deMello, JC Lane, PA Bradley, DDC Fletcher, R O'Brien, J AF Brewer, PJ deMello, AJ deMello, JC Lane, PA Bradley, DDC Fletcher, R O'Brien, J TI Influence of carrier injection on the electromodulation response of trap-rich polymer light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTROABSORPTION; DEVICES AB We investigate the influence of carrier injection on the electric field distribution in polyfluorene-based polymer light-emitting diodes containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The devices show strong charge-induced electromodulation spectra due to the accumulation of trapped electrons close to the PEDOT:PSS/polyfluorene interface. The trapped electrons cause the potential to drop preferentially at the interface, enhancing hole injection and substantially reducing the magnitude of the electric field in the bulk semiconductor. The detailed operating mechanisms of such "trap-rich" devices are poorly understood, and in this paper we perform a series of temperature-dependent current-voltage sweeps and electromodulation measurements to clarify the role of the injected charge. We find that the devices show strong field redistribution only at room temperature and that devices operating at lower temperatures (< 100 K) resemble trap-free light-emitting diodes with a uniform electric field that extends through the bulk. We consider also the effects of pixel aging and show that field redistribution effects are reduced after extended device operation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. RP deMello, JC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.demello@imperial.ac.uk RI Bradley, Donal/F-6068-2011 OI Bradley, Donal/0000-0001-8713-5060 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 114502 DI 10.1063/1.2201692 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900099 ER PT J AU Hearne, SM Trajkov, E Jamieson, DN Butler, JE Prawer, S AF Hearne, SM Trajkov, E Jamieson, DN Butler, JE Prawer, S TI The role of charge trapping at grain boundaries on charge transport in polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond based detectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMALLY STIMULATED CURRENTS; BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; CVD DIAMOND; FILMS; COLLECTION AB We report a detailed investigation of the trapping and release of charge carriers from grain boundaries in polycrystalline diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition (poly-CVD). A model for charge trapping and release is presented for samples which display very different bulk characteristics as determined by photoluminescence, dark conductivity, and thermally stimulated current measurements. Experimental studies were performed as a function of temperature and applied electric field using ion beam induced charge to map the charge collection efficiency of charge induced by a scanned, focused, 2 MeV He+ microprobe. Even though the carrier velocity and charge collection efficiency should begin to saturate at electric fields above 1x10(4) V/cm, the efficiency was found to increase by a factor of 3 when the electric field is increased to greater than 1x10(5) V/cm. A model based on the localized enhancement of the electric field caused by trapped charge at grain boundaries is found to account for this unexpected result. Further, we find that this localized variation in electric field strongly affects charge transport in poly-CVD diamond and is therefore an important consideration for optimizing detector performance. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Microanalyt Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Microanalyt Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Jamieson, DN (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Microanalyt Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM d.jamieson@unimelb.edu.au RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jamieson, David/G-3753-2010; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Jamieson, David/0000-0001-7733-6715; PRAWER, STEVEN/0000-0002-4959-0828 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 113703 DI 10.1063/1.2194116 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900052 ER PT J AU Bolin, AU Neuman, GA AF Bolin, Aaron U. Neuman, George A. TI Personality, process, and performance in interactive brainstorming groups SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brainstorming; group processes; groups; personality ID IDEA-GENERATING GROUPS; PRODUCTIVITY LOSS; CREATIVITY; DECISION; MOTIVATION; DIMENSIONS; QUALITY; TEAMS; MODEL AB This study assessed the impact of group-level personality on the processes and outcomes of brainstorming groups. Subjects were 312 students who were randomly placed in 78 four-person groups. Measures included personality, group processes, and group outcomes. Results showed that mean extraversion had significant negative relationships with group process variables. Mean openness had significant positive relationships with group outcomes, but was not related to the group process variables. Finally, mean emotional stability was not related to group process variables but did have a significant relationship with a group outcome. Implications of these findings and areas for future research are briefly discussed. C1 USN, Human Performance Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Bolin, AU (reprint author), USN, Human Performance Ctr, 446 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM aaron.bolin@navy.mil NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0889-3268 EI 1573-353X J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 565 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s10869-005-9000-7 PG 21 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 048QU UT WOS:000237962400006 ER PT J AU Laurent, JM Schallhorn, SC Spigelmire, JR Tanzer, DJ AF Laurent, John M. Schallhorn, Steven C. Spigelmire, Jennifer R. Tanzer, David J. TI Stability of the laser in situ keratomileusis corneal flap in rabbit eyes SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2005 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; OCULAR INTEGRITY; DISLOCATION; TRAUMA AB PURPOSE: To quantify the force required to dislodge a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal flap in rabbits and correlate that force with sources of injury to LASIK corneal flaps in humans. SETTING: Animal Vivarium and Department of Ophthalmology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA. METHODS: Corneal flaps were cut in 56 eyes of 30 rabbits. A -8.00 diopter excimer ablation was also performed in 32 of the eyes. Injury testing, using a burst Of CO2 from a modified paintball gun, was conducted from 1 to 9 days postoperatively. Impact force was compared to that generated by mechanical trauma (fingers and a small tree branch) striking a force gauge. RESULTS: Of 43 eyes tested for injury, flaps could not be dislocated in 11 eyes (26%). There was no significant difference between eyes treated with flap only and those that also had ablation. When flaps were dislodged, the required force generally resulted in extensive intraocular injury. There was no significant difference between the force required for flap dislocation on postoperative days 1 and 9. CONCLUSIONS: In rabbits, LASIK corneal flaps were very resistant to high-speed wind trauma as early as 24 hours postoperatively. Flap stability was robust prior to the formation of collagen scar tissue, probably due to epithelial bridging at the edge of the flap and an osmotic gradient across the flap-stromal bed interface. Although this study used a rabbit model, it seems likely that both these flap adhesion mechanisms would also provide stability to the LASIK flap in humans. C1 USN Hosp, Okinawa, Japan. USN Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Laurent, JM (reprint author), PSC 482 Box 80, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.02.038 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 065DQ UT WOS:000239140000031 PM 16814069 ER PT J AU Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR AF Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR TI Growth and characterization of single-crystal Er3+ : KPb2Cl5 as a mid-infrared laser material SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE doping; nucleation; phase equilibria; growth from melt; halides; solid state lasers ID POTASSIUM LEAD CHLORIDE; ER-DOPED KPB2CL5; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MU-M AB Laser-grade single crystals of Er3+-doped potassium lead chloride (KPb2Cl5) have been grown by a novel modification of the Bridgman method. This new method allows for consistent seeding of a single-crystal growth from polycrystalline material while avoiding any problems with supercooling. An extended in situ annealing step allows strain to relax out of the crystal, reducing cracking problems and improving the quality of the resultant material. These crystals showed significant quantities of depolarized scattering in the visible, concentrated in stacks of parallel planes, but very little scattering in the mid-infrared. Two solid-solid phase transitions were found in this material, and passage through the higher-temperature transition was linked to the formation of the depolarization planes. Measurements were also made of the indices of refraction of all three crystal axes in the near-infrared and mid-infrared, and the orientation dependence of the 4.5 mu m fluorescence of Er3+ in this material was examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Condon, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicholas.condon@nrl.navy.mil RI Condon, Nicholas/C-7171-2009 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.03.057 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 056LU UT WOS:000238525200026 ER PT J AU Haines, SR Williams, KH Almond, N Schwitters, M Martin, DS Butler, JE Weightman, P AF Haines, SR Williams, KH Almond, N Schwitters, M Martin, DS Butler, JE Weightman, P TI The initial stages of graphite formation on the diamond(100) 2x1 surface SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE diamond; XPS; graphite; carbon; Ar ion damage ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION AB A precursor site which is likely to be involved in the formation of graphite on the diamond (100) 1 x 2 surfaces has been created by bombardment with low energy Ar ions and characterised by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the C 1s photoelectron line. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weightman, P (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM peterw@liverpool.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.03.002 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 060FU UT WOS:000238788700007 ER PT J AU Swartz, CH Chandril, S Tompkins, RP Giles, NC Myers, TH Edwall, DD Piquette, EC Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Swartz, C. H. Chandril, S. Tompkins, R. P. Giles, N. C. Myers, T. H. Edwall, D. D. Piquette, E. C. Kim, C. S. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Accurate measurement of composition, carrier concentration, and photoconductive lifetime in Hg1-xCdxTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE doping; indium; arsenic; variable magnetic field Hall; multiple carrier fitting; quantitative mobility spectrum analysis ID ARSENIC-DOPED HGCDTE; DETECTOR MATERIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Variable magnetic field Hall and transient photoconductance lifetime measurements were performed on a series of undoped, In-doped, and As-doped HgCdTe samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Temperature variation and, in the case of Hall, magnetic-field variation are needed to give a more complete picture of the mechanisms that control lifetimes in HgCdTe samples. Recent predictions of recombination lifetimes from full band structure calculations were compared to experimental lifetimes at various doping levels at long-wave infrared (LWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) compositions. For n-type material, lifetimes from low doping levels fall well below the predictions, implying that Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination is still dominant. MWIR samples have a lifetime that increases somewhat with carrier concentration, suggesting that In doping passivates the SRH defects for that composition. Lifetimes in p-type MWIR material appear to be well-explained by recent theoretical calculations. In p-type material, trapping states may be introduced during the incorporation and activation of As, since some samples with unusually long lifetimes had a distinctly different type of temperature dependence. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Rockwell Sci Co LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swartz, CH (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM tmyers@mail.wvu.edu RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1360 EP 1368 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0269-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400038 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Tennant, WE Smith, EP Johnson, SM AF Lindle, J. R. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Johnson, J. L. Thomas, M. L. Piquette, E. C. Tennant, W. E. Smith, E. P. Johnson, S. M. TI HgCdTe negative luminescence devices for cold shielding and other applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE LWIR detectors; negative luminescence; HgCdTe ID LONG-WAVELENGTH HGCDTE; BUILT-IN CAVITIES; 3.9 MU-M; LED OPERATION; DIODE-ARRAYS; SEMICONDUCTORS; CARRIERS; PHOTODIODES; EXTRACTION; INJECTION AB Negative luminescence (NL) refers to the suppression of infrared blackbody emission, and hence an apparent temperature reduction, due to free carrier extraction from a reverse-biased p-n junction. A number of applications are envisioned for NL devices, including cold shielding of background-limited uncooled and cryogenic focal-plane arrays, dynamic nonuniformity correction for ir imaging, and ir scene simulation. High-performance NL devices have recently been demonstrated. For example, a HgCdTe/CdZnTe photodiode with 4.8-mu m cutoff wavelength achieved an internal NL efficiency of 95% at room temperature. This means that the blackbody emission was suppressed by a factor of 20 and that the apparent temperature of the device surface decreased by 60 K. The corresponding reverse-bias saturation current density was 0.11 A/cm(2). Even HgCdTe devices (lambda(co) = 5.3 mu m) grown on large-area silicon substrates with substantial lattice mismatch displayed 88% internal NL efficiency and saturation current densities no larger than 1.3 A/cm(2). These results indicate a clear path toward a negative-luminescence device technology that is efficient, operates at low power, and is inexpensive. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockwell Sci, Imaging Div, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meyer@nrl.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0273-z PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400042 ER PT J AU Kenee, DM Allemang, JD Johnson, JD Hellstein, J Nichol, BK AF Kenee, DM Allemang, JD Johnson, JD Hellstein, J Nichol, BK TI A quantitative assessment of efficacy of various calcium hydroxide removal techniques SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE calcium hydroxide removal; irrigation; rotary instruments; ultrasonics ID MOLAR ROOT CANALS; APICAL SEAL; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; HAND INSTRUMENTATION; CLEANING EFFICACY; MANDIBULAR MOLARS; IRRIGATION; DEBRIDEMENT; LEAKAGE AB This study evaluated the amount of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2))] remaining in canals after removal with various techniques including combinations of NaOCl with EDTA irrigation, hand filing, rotary instrumentation, or ultrasonics. The mesial canals of 12 mandibular molars were uniformly instrumented. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally along the length of the instrumented canals. Acrylic jigs were fabricated, allowing reapproximation of the opposing segments. After Ca(OH)(2) placement into the canals, four techniques were used for its removal. In the first method, the master apical file was placed to working length in between two 5-ml rinses of NaOCl, The other three techniques combined with the first method either a 2.5-ml EDTA rinse, a rotary file (MAF size) to working length, or passive ultrasonication. Results showed that no technique removed all Ca(OH)(2). Rotary and ultrasonic techniques, while not different from each other, removed significantly more Ca(OH)(2) than irrigant only techniques. The irrigant only techniques were not different from each other. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Endodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Box 357448,D-669 Hlth Sci Ctr,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jamesj2@u.washington.edu NR 24 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 563 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.065 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 048OG UT WOS:000237955800015 PM 16728252 ER PT J AU Radel, RT Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB Cohen, ME AF Radel, RT Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB Cohen, ME TI In vitro radiographic determination of distances from working length files to root ends comparing Kodak RVG 6000, Schick CDR, and Kodak insight film SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE digital radiography; image enhancement; Kodak InSight film; Kodak RVG 6000; radiography; root length; Schick CDR; working length ID CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; CANAL LENGTH; D-SPEED; RADIOVISIOGRAPHY; RAY; QUALITY; IMAGES AB Previous studies suggest that digital and film-based radiography are similar for endodontic measurements. This study compared the accuracy and acceptability of measured distances from the tips of size #10 and #15 files to molar root apices in cadaver jaw sections using the newly developed Kodak RVG 6000, and the Schick CDR digital systems to digitized Kodak film. Standardized images were taken of files placed 0.5 to 1.5 mm short of true radiographic lengths. Images were imported into Adobe PhotoShop 7.0, thereby blinding observers who measured distances from files to root apices and assessed images for clarity (acceptability). Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests demonstrated that Kodak RVG 6000 images with enhanced contrast produced significantly less measurement error than unenhanced contrast Schick CDR images (p < 0.05) and significantly higher acceptability ratings than all other systems (all p < 0.002). Among these conditions, the newly developed Kodak RVG 6000 system provided the best overall images. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@aol.com NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 566 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2006.01.001 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 048OG UT WOS:000237955800016 PM 16728253 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Egan, JC Woodbury, RO Rivera, L OReilly, EB Brown, CVR AF Antevil, JL Egan, JC Woodbury, RO Rivera, L OReilly, EB Brown, CVR TI Abdominal computed tomography for postoperative abscess: Is it useful during the first week? SO JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE spiral computed tomography; abscess; postoperative complications; diagnostic techniques and procedures; diagnostic imaging ID DIAGNOSIS; TESTS; CT AB While classic teaching dictates computed tomography (CT) for postoperative abdominal or pelvic abscess in the first week is of low yield, little evidence supports intentional delays in imaging for suspected abscess. This retrospective review examined all CT scans obtained for clinical suspicion of abscess between 3 and 30 days after abdominal or pelvic operation over a 3-year period. Scans were grouped into those obtained between 3 and 7 days after surgery (EARLY) and those obtained after day 7 (LATE). Diagnostic yield was compared between EARLY and LATE groups. Of 262 CT examinations (EARLY, n = 106; LATE, n = 156), 71 studies (27%) demonstrated abscess. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of CT for abscess between EARLY and LATE groups (23% [24 of 106] versus 30% [47 of 156], P = 0.18). Of patients with an abscess, 63% (45 of 71) underwent percutaneous or operative drainage (EARLY 75% [18 of 24], LATE 57% [27 of 47], P = 0.15). Abdominal CT for postoperative abscess can be expected to be diagnostic in a substantial proportion of cases in the first week, the majority of which lead to percutaneous or operative drainage. Postoperative CT for intra-abdominal abscess should be obtained as clinically indicated, regardless of interval from surgery. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Antevil, JL (reprint author), 73973 Playa Vista Dr,29, Palms, CA 92277 USA. EM j.antevil@nhtp.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-255X J9 J GASTROINTEST SURG JI J. Gastrointest. Surg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 901 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.gassur.2005.12.006 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 056XM UT WOS:000238558400017 PM 16769549 ER PT J AU Marks, BS Menyuk, CR Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F AF Marks, BS Menyuk, CR Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F TI Analysis of interchannel crosstalk in a dispersion-managed analog transmission link SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analog transmission; cross-phase modulation (XPM); crosstalk; intensity modulation; phase modulation (PM); self-phase modulation (SPM); wavelength-division multiplexing ID PHASE MODULATION; SYSTEMS AB A technique for computing the effect of cross-phase modulation (XPM) on two copropagating analog channels in an optical fiber link is presented. In this approach, the interaction between the two channels is linearized by keeping the self-phase modulation (SPM) and XPM interactions in the strong optical carrier components only at lowest order and then at the next order, deriving the effect on the modulation components of both channels when the optical carrier is strong relative to the other components of the channel. In contrast to some previously suggested approaches, it is not assumed that the pump is undistorted, and therefore, this method accurately describes distortions due to SPM, XPM, and dispersion management in both channels. This method is easily applied to systems with multiple spans employing dispersion management with loss and gain. The expressions for the received radio frequency power and crosstalk between the two channels when direct detection is used are then provided. Using this approach, new expressions for the amplitude modulation and phase modulation modes of the two channels are derived, and the way they exchange energy when SPM, XPM, and dispersion are all considered is explained: This method yields excellent agreement between theory and experimental data. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marks, BS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM bsmarks@indiana.edu; alc@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bucholtz@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 2305 EP 2310 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.874558 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 054HO UT WOS:000238367600005 ER PT J AU Miller, GA Askins, CG Friebele, EJ AF Miller, GA Askins, CG Friebele, EJ TI Modified F-matrix calculation of Bragg grating spectra and its use with a novel nonlinear index growth law SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs); fiber optics; fundamental matrix (F-matrix); nonlinear index growth surface; nonsinusoidal modulations; piecewise-uniform approach; transfer matrix (T-matrix) ID OPTICAL FIBERS; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; MODEL AB Reflection spectra and index structures created by the growth of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are modeled using a modified piecewise-uniform approach that can accommodate realistic index growth behavior. Because grating formation generally involves nonlinear index growth, models that assume sinusoidal modulation shapes do not accurately predict the evolution of the grating spectra during the writing exposure. The authors first present a generally applicable treatment of arbitrarily shaped index modulations such that their reflection spectra can be accurately treated with an established modeling technique. This approach examines the actual photoinduced index modulation shape at each subregion of the grating and identifies the ac and dc coupling coefficients (from coupled-mode theory) of an equivalent sinusoidal modulation at the fundamental Bragg resonance. These derived coupling coefficients are then used to compute the grating spectrum via the fundamental matrix (F-matrix) method. Given an accurate description of index at each point along the grating, the modified F-matrix method can efficiently model grating spectra that result from complex exposure schemes including scanned exposures, various apodization profiles, chirp, and postexposures with fringeless light. Additionally, this paper presents a method for determining the detailed index profiles formed by arbitrary exposures. To obtain realistic index modulation profiles, a new index growth model consisting of a three-dimensional (3-D) surface of induced index (versus exposure time and intensity) and a rule for linking complex sequences of index growth under differing intensities is introduced. Using the index growth surface, the compound growth rule, and the modified F-matrix technique, the spectra of weak FBGs similar to those found in distributed fiber sensor systems are numerically synthesized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.miller@nrl.navy.mil; charles.askins@nrl.navy.mil; e.friebele@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 2416 EP 2427 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.874587 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 054HO UT WOS:000238367600020 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, JH TI A novel technique for measurement of core loss in low permeability materials SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE core loss measurement; low-permeability magnetic material; distributed air gap; low-loss magnetic material ID POWER ELECTRONICS AB dA survey of existing techniques for measuring core loss in magnetic materials is presented. It is shown that the most challenging combination is a low permeability material at low measurement frequency. Such materials have application in components of power converters, and thus are of considerable technological significance. Measurement difficulties stem from losses in the windings employed, which are difficult to disentangle from loss in the core, as well as the stringent requirements on phase accuracy of measurement instruments. Another practical problem is the large power capacity required of the drive source to achieve significant induction levels. A new resonant measurement setup, which we call the "virtual impedance" technique, is proposed as a solution to these problems. Its utility is demonstrated with measurements of a commercial composite core with permeability 14 mu(0) whose low-core loss defeats conventional methods of measurement. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.claassen@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 301 IS 2 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.09.027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 031DA UT WOS:000236683100036 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Mccullough, W Mcnamara, MF Olsen, C AF Haas, David M. McCullough, William McNamara, Michael F. Olsen, Cara TI The first 48 hours: Comparing 12-hour and 24-hour betamethasone dosing when preterm deliveries occur rapidly SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE betamethasone; preterm delivery; antenatal corticosteroids; neonatal outcomes ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PREVENTION; REGIMENS; THERAPY AB Objective. To compare neonatal outcomes when dosing betamethasone every 12 hours compared to the standard 24-hour dosing regimen when premature deliveries occur within 48 hours of presentation. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on preterm deliveries from January 1, 1996 to July 1, 2000. Deliveries that occurred less than 48 hours after initiation of antenatal steroids were analyzed for neonatal outcomes. Results. Betamethasone was given to 562 women, of whom 166 delivered less than 48 hours after beginning therapy. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant use, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal death, or other outcomes between the two groups. The only statistically significant difference between the two groups was for venous cord blood pH (7.27 vs. 7.32, p = 0.01). Separating the results into delivery from 0-24 and 24-48 hour groups, there were no significant differences between the 12-hour and 24-hour dosing groups, although small sample size limited conclusions. Conclusion. Dosing betamethasone in 12-hour intervals may result in similar neonatal outcomes compared to the standard 24-hour regimen when delivery occurs within 48 hours of therapy initiation. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Biostat Consulting Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Wishard Mem Hosp, Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St,F-5, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM haasdt@pol.net NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1080/14767050600715873 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 065IP UT WOS:000239153700009 PM 16801314 ER PT J AU Saenz, AW AF Saenz, AW TI Proof of the existence of the axial-to-planar channeling transition in a simple crystal model SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AVERAGING-THEORY AB Consider a fast nonrelativistic, positively charged particle (ion) traversing a crystal, assumed to be simple cubic and monatomic for simplicity. Let the Cartesian coordinates X-1,X-2,X-3 be parallel to the crystal axes, and eta(i) be the initial value of the component of the particle's momentum vector along X-i. If parallel to eta(3)parallel to is sufficiently large compared to parallel to eta(1)parallel to,parallel to eta(2)parallel to, then (under mild technical assumptions) the ion's motion is well approximated for a long time by a solution of the equations of motion (EOM) of the axial-continuum Hamiltonian (H) over bar, obtained from the ion's nonrelativistic Hamiltonian H by replacing the potential V(X-1,X-2,X-3), describing its interaction with the atoms of the crystal, by its average (V) over bar (X-1,X-2) over X-3. Furthermore, if parallel to eta(2)parallel to,parallel to eta(3)parallel to are sufficiently large compared with parallel to eta(1)parallel to,parallel to eta(2)parallel to, respectively, then to a good approximation its motion is given, again for a long time, by a solution of the EOM of the planar continuum Hamiltonian H, obtained from (H) over bar by replacing (V) over bar (X-1,X-2) by its average V(X-1) over X-2. We define motions of the first (respectively, second) type as axial (respectively, planar) channeling. In this paper, the transition from the first to the second kind of motion, occurring when the crystal is suitably rotated, is discussed in a mathematically rigorous way by using an improved version of first-order single-phase averaging theory. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20075 USA. RP Saenz, AW (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 AR 062904 DI 10.1063/1.2209554 PG 17 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 059KE UT WOS:000238730900026 ER PT J AU Carroll, FI Hu, XD Navarro, HA Deschamps, J Abdrakhmanova, GR Damaj, MI Martin, BR AF Carroll, F. Ivy Hu, Xingding Navarro, Hernan A. Deschamps, Jeffrey Abdrakhmanova, Galya R. Damaj, M. Imad Martin, Billy R. TI Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor properties of (+)- and (-)-pyrido-[3,4-b]homotropanes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB (+/-)-Pyrido[3,4-b]homotropane [(+/-)-1] is a conformationally rigid analogue of nicotine ( 2) or nornicotine ( 3) that showed high affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Even though the synthesis and potent activity of this highly interesting compound was originally reported in 1986 (Kanne, D. B.; Ashworth, D. J.; Cheng, M. T.; Mutter, L. C.; Abood, L. G. Synthesis of the first highly potent bridged nicotinoid. 9-Azabicylo[4.2.1]nona[2,3-c] pyridine(pyrido[3,4-b]homotropane). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 78647865), the individual optical isomers have not been prepared and studied. In this study, we report the synthesis of (+)- and (-)-1 and show that (+)-1 has K-i=1.29 nM at the alpha 4 beta 2* nAChR and has over 260 times higher affinity than (-)-1. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of an intermediate used to prepare the isomers established the absolute stereochemistry as (1S,6S)-(+)- 1 and (1R, 6R)-(-)-1. Surprisingly, both isomers failed to produce antinociception in the mouse tail-flick and hot-plate assays, engender nicotine-like responding in rat drug discrimination, or alter current amplitude in R4,2- and R3,4- containing cells. However, (-)- 1 antagonized nicotine-induced antinociception with an ED50 of 0.07 mu g/kg in the tail- flick assay. The reason for this unusual pharmacology is unknown, but it is possible that (-)- 1 is acting at a non-epibatidine-sensitive receptor subtype to antagonize nicotine's effects in the tail- flick assay. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA12001] NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11 BP 3244 EP 3250 DI 10.1021/jm060122n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 046SX UT WOS:000237832400024 PM 16722642 ER PT J AU Liu, CC Miller, RL Carder, KL Lee, ZP D'Sa, EJ Ivey, JE AF Liu, CC Miller, RL Carder, KL Lee, ZP D'Sa, EJ Ivey, JE TI Estimating the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE photosynthetically available radiation; ocean color; radiative transfer; ocean optics; compensation depth ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; WATERS; ABSORPTION; IRRADIANCE; MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL; ALGORITHMS; INVERSION; MATTER AB We present a new approach that incorporates two models to estimate the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color. The first employs a series of analytical, semi-analytical, and empirical algorithms to retrieve the spectrum of inherent optical properties (IOP's), including the absorption and the backscatter coefficients, from the spectrum of remote sensing reflectance. The second model computes the profile of photosynthetically available radiation E-0,E-PAR(z) for a vertically homogeneous water column using the information of the retrieved ION and the ambient optical environment. This computation is based on an improved look-up table technology that possesses high accuracy, comparable with the full solution of the radiative transfer equation, and meets the computational requirement of remote sensing application. This new approach was validated by in situ measurements and an extensive model-to-model comparison with a wide range of IOP's. We successfully mapped the compensation depth by applying this new approach to process the SeaWiFS imagery. This research suggests that E-0,E-PAR(z) can be obtained routinely from ocean-color data and may have significant implications for the estimation of global heat and carbon budget. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Ctr, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Earth Dynam Syst Res Ctr, Tainan 701, Taiwan. NASA, Earth Sci Applicat Directorate, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Liu, CC (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM ccliu88@mail.ncku.edu.tw NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10872-006-0048-4 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 038WR UT WOS:000237260700001 ER PT J AU Apte, UM Mason, FM AF Apte, UM Mason, FM TI Analysis and improvement of delivery operations at the San Francisco Public Library SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE service operations; non-profit organizations; public library; delivery service; cross docking; vehicle routing; generalized assignment heuristic AB Urban public library systems have always transported and delivered library materials within their branch systems. In recent years, however, the introduction of internet-based, online library catalog systems has allowed users to search the library's catalog, select and reserve a book or a video and have it delivered to the branch of their choice. Consequently, the demand for delivery services is increasing at rapid rate in large urban public libraries systems. Having experienced a similar growth in the demand for delivered items, the San Francisco Public Library (SFPL) commissioned a study to improve its delivery operations. Using operations management concepts, such as pre-sorting of material to avoid double handling, cross docking to reduce cycle time of delivery, and workload balancing among delivery routes to effectively increase delivery capacity, the delivery operations were restructured. We developed optimization models for library delivery operations that specifically accounted for pre-sorting, cross docking and route balancing. We also developed heuristics for solving these models and implemented them to redesign the delivery operations at SFPL. The redesigned delivery operations will reduce the cycle time and the cost of delivery by almost half. Furthermore, through balanced utilization of existing truck capacities, the delivery operations will be able to handle significantly larger delivery volume and thereby accommodate future delivery service growth without additional investments. The operations management concepts and techniques illustrated in this paper through the example of SFPL should prove to be useful to other urban, multi-branch library systems as they deal with their delivery challenges. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 So Methodist Univ, Edwin L Cox Sch Business, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. F Mason & Associates, Dallas, TX 75229 USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM umapte@nps.edu; Fmason@frontier.net NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0272-6963 J9 J OPER MANAG JI J. Oper. Manag. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 325 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.jom.2004.10.017 PG 22 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 048ZD UT WOS:000237984200003 ER PT J AU Jasper, WJ AF Jasper, William J. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Dent Corps, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 071DC UT WOS:000239577200013 ER PT J AU Lua, J Hess, PE AF Lua, J Hess, PE TI First-failure-based reliability assessment and sensitivity analysis of a naval vessel under hogging SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SURFACE APPROACH; STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY; SAFETY; LOADS; SHIPS AB PULSTR, a probabilistic version of ULTSTR (ULTimate STRength), has been developed to perform probabilistic analysis and reliability-based design of a hull-girder under longitudinal bending. The ULTSTR deterministic solver has been integrated with a probabilistic integrator based on either the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or the first-order reliability method (FORM). In order to explore the remaining safety margin after the first-failure and the dominant failure mode and failure location, the hull reliability model is formulated based on its initial failure moment. A hybrid (MCS/FORM) solution approach is employed to assess the hull reliability associated with the first failure, such as panel/stiffener buckling and stiffener tripping in the reduced random variable space. An adaptive response surface module is developed and used to extract the first-order reliability sensitivity in the full random variable space based on the MCS results of the hybrid approach. The dominant failure mode, remaining safety margin after the first failure, and the use of sensitivity factors for making design decisions are illustrated via an example application of a Navy combatant hull girder under hogging. C1 Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lua, J (reprint author), Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 158 EP 170 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 050DK UT WOS:000238067500005 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ AF Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ TI Nonlinear ship-wave interaction model, part 2: Ship boundary condition SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUMANN-KELVIN PROBLEM; WATER AB One of the main problems in modeling ship-wave hydrodynamics is solving for the forcing (pressure) at the ship boundary. With an arbitrary ship, singularities occur in evaluating the velocity potential and the velocities on the hull. Inaccuracies in the evaluation of the singular terms in the velocity potential result in discretization errors, numerical errors, and excessive computational costs. In this paper we present a new approach to evaluating the pressure on a ship: evaluating the pressure in the ship normal vector coordinate system. The main advantage of this approach is that p is a smooth function in the ship normal vector coordinate system, enabling us to obtain accurate results very efficiently (i.e., with much less CPU time) without encountering numerical difficulties arising from possible singularities. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 050DK UT WOS:000238067500007 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI The watchman fell asleep: The surprise of Yom Kippur and its sources SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1080/01402390600800905 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 073QF UT WOS:000239757000007 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, RM AF Heitmeyer, RM TI A probabilistic model for the noise generated by breaking waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEA; SOUND AB We present a probability law on both the noise field and the beam-noise time waveforms that is based on the assumption that the breaking-wave occurrences are described by a space-time Poisson process and that the breaking-wave waveforms are independent Gaussian processes. The probability law specifies the probability density of all orders in terms of its characteristic function, which is determined as a space-time integral of a functional involving the characteristic function of the contribution of an individual breaking wave. As an illustration, we present examples of the first-order probability density and the correlation function for a noise field observed on a vertical array operating in shallow water. It is seen that for the smaller elevation angles and for deep phones, where the energy is dominated by distant breaking waves, the observed noise waveforms are essentially Gaussian processes. Conversely, for beams pointed toward the surface and for shallow phones, where the noise is dominated by a small number of breaking waves, the noise wave forms are not Gaussian. Finally, we present a measure of the Gaussianity derived from an approximation to the characteristic function and apply it to identify the elevation angles and phone depths where the Gaussian approximation is not valid. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heit@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3676 EP 3693 DI 10.1211/1.2188916 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 055PP UT WOS:000238463000020 ER PT J AU Madigosky, WM Lee, GF Niemiec, JM AF Madigosky, WM Lee, GF Niemiec, JM TI A method for modeling polymer viscoelastic data and the temperature shift function SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODULUS AB Dynamic viscoelastic polymer data is traditionally time-temperature shifted to obtain a temperature shift function (TSF) and then fitted to various analytical models. The process of obtaining the TSF can introduce considerable procedural or operator bias. Nevertheless the Havriliak and Negami (HN) model using the TSF methodology can generally describe polymers that are rheologically simple. In this paper the "wicket" plot is utilized as an important tool in analyzing data, as it is completely independent of time-temperature shifting (TTS). Using the wicket plot the data is fit to the HN equation to determine the four material HN constants independent of TTS. Having obtained the complete spectra of dynamic properties the specific relaxation time (frequency) at each temperature is obtained by matching the HN curve to the experimental data at that temperature thus determining the TSF. The procedure is illustrated by analyzing computer-generated data with random error in modulus and loss and finally real data on a standard material. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Madigosky, WM (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3760 EP 3765 DI 10.1121/1.2195292 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 055PP UT WOS:000238463000028 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, W. H. Chen, L. G. Sun, F. R. Wu, C. TI Optimal heat conductance distribution and optimal intercooling pressure ratio for power optimisation of irreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE thermodynamic optimisation; finite time thermodynamics; Brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated; power optimisation ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY; ENGINE AB In the present paper, power is optimised for an irreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle coupled to constant temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics. The power optimisation is performed by searching the optimal heat conductance distributions among the four heat exchangers, namely the hot and cold side heat exchangers, the intercooler and the regenerator for fixed total heat exchanger inventory and by searching the optimal intercooling pressure ratio. When the optimisation is performed with respect to the total pressure ratio of the cycle, the maximum power is maximised twice and a double maximum power is obtained. During the analysis, the heat resistance losses in the four heat exchangers, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressors and the turbine are taken into account. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1179/174602206X103594 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 064LF UT WOS:000239090500007 ER PT J AU Chambers, LW Green, DJ Gillingham, BL Sample, K Rhee, P Brown, C Brethauer, S Nelson, T Narine, N Baker, B Bohman, HR AF Chambers, LW Green, DJ Gillingham, BL Sample, K Rhee, P Brown, C Brethauer, S Nelson, T Narine, N Baker, B Bohman, HR TI The experience of the US Marine Corps' Surgical Shock Trauma Platoon with 417 operative combat casualties during a 12 month period of Operation Iraqi Freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma ID INJURED PATIENTS; SYSTEM; WAR; LESSONS; CARE AB Background. The Forward Resuscitative Surgical System (FRSS) is a small, mobile trauma surgical unit designed to support modern US Marine Corps combat operations. The experience of two co-located FRSS teams during 1 year of service in Operation Iraqi Freedom is reviewed to evaluate the system's efficacy. Methods: Between March 1, 2004, and February 28, 2005, two FRSS teams and a shock trauma platoon were co-located in a unit designated the Surgical Shock Trauma Platoon (SSTP). Data concerning patient care before and during treatment at the SSTP was maintained prospectively. Prospective determination of outcomes was obtained by e-mail correspondence with surgeons caring for the patients at higher echelons. The Los Angeles County medical center (LAC) trauma registry was queried to obtain a comparable data-base with which to compare outcomes. Results: During the year reviewed there were 895 trauma admissions to the SSTP. Excluding 25 patients pulseless on arrival and 291 minimally injured patients, 559 of 579 (97%) combat casualties survived; 417 casualties underwent 981 operative procedures in the two SSTP operating shelters. There were 79 operative patients with a mean injury severity score of 26 (range, 16-59) and mean revised trauma score of 6.963 (range, 4.21-7.841) who had sustained severe injuries. Ten (12.7%) of these casualties died while 43 of 337 (12.8%) deaths were seen with comparable cases treated at LAC. Conclusions: Small task-oriented surgical units are capable of providing effective trauma surgical care to combat casualties. Further experience is needed to better delineate the balance between early, forward-based surgical intervention and more prolonged initial casualty evacuation to reach more robust surgical facilities. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Surg, Med Batall 1, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN Hosp Cam Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Bohman, HR (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Surg, Med Batall 1, Box 555191, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. EM hrbohman@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1097/01.ta.000220340.91356.7e PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 053TR UT WOS:000238328700001 PM 16766956 ER PT J AU Henry, LR Rizzo, A Gunther, W Mccoy, K Wang, D Jordan, M AF Henry, LR Rizzo, A Gunther, W Mccoy, K Wang, D Jordan, M TI Meningitis complicating traumatic lumbar herniation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL-HERNIA; INJURY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Trauma Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Dist Columbia Med Examiners Off, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Henry, LR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM lrhenry@bethesda.med.navy.nil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1342 EP 1343 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000220365.65811.2f PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 053TR UT WOS:000238328700041 PM 16766981 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI Long-term benefits of elective radiotherapy after prostatectomy for patients with positive surgical margins - Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 175 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2102 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00608-2 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 043FJ UT WOS:000237585100034 ER PT J AU Martin, NC Pardo, J Simmons, M Tjaden, JA Widjaja, S Marovich, MA Sun, W Porter, KR Burgess, TH AF Martin, NC Pardo, J Simmons, M Tjaden, JA Widjaja, S Marovich, MA Sun, W Porter, KR Burgess, TH TI An immunocytometric assay based on dengue infection via DC-SIGN permits rapid measurement of anti-dengue neutralizing antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; DC-SIGN; neutralization; PRNT; immunocytofluorimetry; dengue antibodies ID PLAQUE REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN PROTECT MICE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANIMAL VIRUSES; VACCINE FORMULATIONS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; T-CELLS; COHORT AB Dengue remains a global public health threat and development of a safe and effective vaccine is a principal public health goal. The primary correlate of immunity is thought to be neutralizing antibodies. Currently, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold standard measure of dengue neutralizing antibody responses, but this test is limited by time-consuming performance. In addition, some feel that use of viral strains adapted to grow in Vero or BHK cells may not accurately reflect protective responses. A human cell line transfected to express a putative natural dengue receptor, DC-SIGN (CD209), was used to measure antibody-mediated dengue neutralization. Using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, immune sera, and laboratory adapted dengue viruses, serotype-specific neutralizing activity was demonstrated similar to that seen in the Vero PRNT. Importantly, serotype-specific neutralizing activity against recently isolated dengue strains with less heterotypic cross-neutralization than laboratory adapted viruses was also demonstrated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 96520, Indonesia. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Burgess, TH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Bldg 503,Room 3N25, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM burgesst@nmrc.navy.mil RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 2006 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.12.002 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 049GZ UT WOS:000238005500011 PM 16417930 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, LK McGee, CD Robertson, GL Noble, MA Jones, BH AF Rosenfeld, LK McGee, CD Robertson, GL Noble, MA Jones, BH TI Temporal and spatial variability of fecal indicator bacteria in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sewage effluent; surf zone; diurnal; internal waves; fecal indicator bacteria; tides ID WATER-QUALITY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; RUNOFF AB Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations measured in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA from July 1998-December 2001 were analyzed with respect to their spatial patterns along 23 km of beach, and temporal variability on time scales from hourly to fortnightly. The majority of samples had bacterial concentrations less than, or equal to, the minimum detection limit, but a small percentage exceeded the California recreational water standards. Areas where coliform bacteria exceeded standards were more prevalent north of the Santa Ana River, whereas enterococci exceedances covered a broad area both north and south of the river. Higher concentrations of bacteria were associated with spring tides. No temporal correspondence was found between these bacterial events and either the timing of cold water pulses near shore due to internal tides, or the presence of southerly swell in the surface wave field. All three fecal indicator bacteria exhibited a diel cycle, but enterococci rebounded to high nighttime values almost as soon as the sun went down, whereas coliform levels were highest near the nighttime low tide, which was also the lower low tide. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Rosenfeld, LK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OCRo,833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lkrosenf@nps.edu NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 471 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.02.003 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 053XW UT WOS:000238340500002 PM 16616361 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Xu, JP Robertson, GL Rosenfeld, LK AF Noble, MA Xu, JP Robertson, GL Rosenfeld, LK TI Distribution and sources of surfzone bacteria at Huntington Beach before and after disinfection on an ocean outfall - A frequency-domain analysis SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coliform; enterococci; periodograms; Huntington Beach ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ZONE WATER-QUALITY; TIME-SERIES; SPACED DATA; CALIFORNIA AB Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were measured approximately 5 days a week in ankle-depth water at 19 surfzone stations along Huntington Beach and Newport Beach, California, from 1998 to the end of 2003. These sampling periods span the time before and after treated sewage effluent, discharged into the coastal ocean from the local outfall, was disinfected. Bacterial samples were also taken in the vicinity of the outfall during the pre- and post-disinfection periods. Our analysis of the results from both data sets suggest that land-based sources, rather than the local outfall, were the source of the FIB responsible for the frequent closures and postings of local beaches in the summers of 2001 and 2002. Because the annual cycle is the dominant frequency in the fecal and total coliform data sets at most sampling stations, we infer that sources associated with local runoff were responsible for the majority of coliform contamination along wide stretches of the beach. The dominant fortnightly cycle in enterococci at many surfzone sampling stations suggests that the source for these relatively frequent bacteria contamination events in summer is related to the wetting and draining of the land due to the large tidal excursions found during spring tides. Along the most frequently closed section of the beach at stations 3N-15N, the fortnightly cycle is dominant in all FIBs. The strikingly different spatial and spectral patterns found in coliform and in enterococci suggest the presence of different sources, at least for large sections of beach. The presence of a relatively large enterococci fortnightly cycle along the beaches near Newport Harbor indicates that contamination sources similar to those found off Huntington Beach are present, though not at high enough levels to close the Newport beaches. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 494 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.02.006 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 053XW UT WOS:000238340500003 PM 16644005 ER PT J AU Jones, A Huston, A Falkenstien, P Williams, J Staton, R Hintenlang, D Arreola, M AF Jones, A. Huston, A. Falkenstien, P. Williams, J. Staton, R. Hintenlang, D. Arreola, M. TI Optimizing dose and image quality in pediatric computed tomography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2002 EP 2002 DI 10.1118/1.2240264 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688500125 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, W Matsakis, D Panfilo, G Tavella, P AF Lewandowski, W Matsakis, D Panfilo, G Tavella, P TI The evaluation of uncertainties in [UTC-UTC(k)] SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID TIME-SCALE AB This work presents a study of the determination of uncertainties in [UTC - UTC(k)] needed for publication in the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures's (BIPM's) Circular T and the Key Comparison Database, as required by the Mutual Recognition Arrangement. In the first part of the paper, an analytical solution based on the law of the propagation of uncertainty is derived. In the second part, the solution is verified numerically using the software used by the BIPM for the generation of UTC. C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Politecn Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, Turin, Italy. RP Lewandowski, W (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. EM wlewandowski@bipm.org; matsakis.demetrios@usno.navy.mil; panfilo@ien.it; tavella@ien.it NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 278 EP 286 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/43/3/010 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 055AO UT WOS:000238421700014 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, Glenn E. TI The Palestinian national movement: Politics of contentions, 1967-2005 SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 593 EP 594 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 069IE UT WOS:000239438800023 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, A TI A sequential Bayesian generalization of the Jelinski-Moranda software reliability model SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE reliability; software; Bayes; sequential AB The Jelinski-Moranda model of software reliability is generalized by introducing a negative-binomial prior distribution for the number of faults remaining, together with a Gamma distribution for the rate at which each fault is exposed. This model is well suited to sequential use, where a sequence of reliability forecasts is made in the process of testing or using the software. We also investigate replacing the Gamma distribution with a worst-case assumption about failure rates (the worst-case failure rate in models such as this is not infinite, since faults with large failure rates are immediately discovered and removed). (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM awashburn@nps.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X EI 1520-6750 J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1002/nav.20148 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 031IF UT WOS:000236697300009 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Teaney, B Halford, C AF Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Teaney, Brian Halford, Carl TI Handheld threat object identification performance of 2-D visible imagery versus 3-D visible imagery SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; modeling; performance; imaging AB This research determines if there is an improvement in human observer performance, identifying potential weapons or threat objects, when imagery is presented in three dimensions instead of two dimensions. The potential improvement in performance is quantified by evaluating the change in the N-50 cycle criteria, for this task and target set. The data suggests that as much as a 30% improvement in range capability may result from using 3-D imagery. The advent of affordable, practical, and real-time 3-D displays has led to a desire to evaluate and quantify the performance trade space for this application of the technology. Imagery was collected using a dual-camera stereo imaging system. A series of eight different resolutions were presented to observers in both 2-D and 3-D formats. The set of targets consisted of 12 handheld objects. The objects were a mix of potential threats or weapons and possible confusers. For example, a cellular telephone and a hand grenade are two such objects. This target set is the same target set used in previously reported research that determined the N-50 requirements for handheld objects for both visible and infrared imagers. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 AR 063202 DI 10.1117/1.2209650 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068AY UT WOS:000239345200011 ER PT J AU Moyer, S Hixson, JG Edwards, TC Krapels, K AF Moyer, Steve Hixson, Jonathan G. Edwards, Timothy C. Krapels, Keith TI Probability of identification of small hand-held objects for electro-optic forward-looking infrared systems SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optic; FLIR; target acquisition; urban operations; MOUT ID CYCLE CRITERIA; RECOGNITION; PERFORMANCE AB This paper describes research on the measurement of the 50% probability of identification cycle criteria (N-50, V-50) for a set of hand-held objects normally held or used in a single hand. These cycle criteria are used to calibrate the Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) target acquisition models. The target set consists of 12 objects, from innocuous to potentially lethal. Objects are imaged in the visible, midwave infrared (MWIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum at 12 different aspects. Two human perception experiments are performed. The first experiment simulates an incremental constriction of the imaging systems modulation transfer function (MTF). The N-50, and V-50 calibration criteria are measured from this perception experiment. The second experiment not only simulates an incremental constriction of the system MTF but also down samples the imagery to simulate the objects at various ranges. The N-50 and V-50 values are used in NVTherm 2002 and NVThermIP, respectively, to generate range prediction curves for both the LWIR and MWIR sensors. The range predictions from both NVTherm versions are then compared with the observer results from the second perception experiment. The comparison between the results of the second experiment and the model predictions provides a verification of measured cycle criteria. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Commun Electron Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis Electron Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Moyer, S (reprint author), USA, Commun Electron Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis Electron Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM smoyer@nvl.army.mil NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 AR 063201 DI 10.1117/1.2213997 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068AY UT WOS:000239345200010 ER PT J AU Hu, J Xin, XB Zhao, JH Yan, F Guan, B Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Hu, J Xin, XB Zhao, JH Yan, F Guan, B Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Highly sensitive visible-blind extreme ultraviolet Ni/4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes with large detection area SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ni/4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes of 5 mm X 5 mm area have been fabricated and characterized. The photodiodes show less than 0.1 pA dark current at -4 V and an ideality factor of 1.06. A quantum efficiency (QE) between 3 and 400 nm has been calibrated and compared with Si photodiodes optimized for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) detection. In the EUV region, the QE of SiC detectors increases from 0.14 electrons/photon at 120 nm to 30 electrons/photon at 3 nm. The mean energy of electron-hole pair generation of 4H-SiC estimated from the spectral QE is found to be 7.9 eV. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM fyan@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1591 EP 1593 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001591 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 045FO UT WOS:000237728200001 PM 16688230 ER PT J AU Reitzenstein, S Loffler, A Hofmann, C Kubanek, A Kamp, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Kulakovskii, VD Keldysh, LV Ponomarev, IV Reinecke, TL AF Reitzenstein, S Loffler, A Hofmann, C Kubanek, A Kamp, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Kulakovskii, VD Keldysh, LV Ponomarev, IV Reinecke, TL TI Coherent photonic coupling of semiconductor quantum dots SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY AB We report a new type of coupling between quantum dot excitons mediated by the strong single-photon field in a high-finesse micropillar cavity. Coherent exciton coupling is observed for two dots with energy differences of the order of the exciton-photon coupling. The coherent coupling mode is characterized by an anticrossing with a particularly large line splitting of 250 mu eV. Because of the different dispersion relations with temperature, the simultaneous photonic coupling of quantum dot excitons can be easily distinguished from cases of sequential strong coupling of two quantum dots. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reitzenstein, S (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM stephan.reitzenstein@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Reitzenstein, Stephan/A-9184-2014; Kamp, Martin/G-9704-2011; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; Kamp, Martin/0000-0002-7219-2297; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1738 EP 1740 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001738 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 045FO UT WOS:000237728200050 PM 16688279 ER PT J AU Mace, NA AF Mace, NA TI The history of the grammar patent from 1620 to 1800 and the forms of Lily's Latin grammar (William Lily) SO PAPERS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mace, NA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept English, 107 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOC AMER PI NEW YORK PA PO BOX 1537 LENOX HILL STATION, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0006-128X J9 PAP BIBLIOGR SOC AM JI Pap. Bibliogra. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 177 EP 225 PG 49 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 060AX UT WOS:000238774700001 ER PT J AU Elson, JM Halterman, K Singh, S AF Elson, J. Merle Halterman, Klaus Singh, Surendra TI Resonances of nanocylinders with gap defects SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanocylinders; defect modes; plasma resonance; scattering cross section AB We have investigated the plasmonic resonance characteristics of canonical circular and square cylinders, with gap defects, that are illuminated by a plane wave. The circular and square cylinders have vee shaped gaps and constant width gaps, respectively. The electric and magnetic fields are obtained by solving the Lippmann-Schwinger equation from which we compute the far-field scattering cross-section and near-field local electromagnetic energy density. Numerical results are given for numerous wavelength and gap, dimensions to qualitatively present the effects of gap defects on the scattering cross-section and local electromagnetic energy density. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM jmende@copper.net RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 J9 PHOTONICS NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2006.01.004 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 047TL UT WOS:000237901500005 ER PT J AU Shankland, P AF Shankland, P TI Cleaning optics SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Shankland, P (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 056DJ UT WOS:000238501100002 ER PT J AU Ford, D Huntsman, S AF Ford, D Huntsman, S TI Descriptive thermodynamics SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on News, Expectations and Trends in Statistical Physics, NEXT-SigmaPhi CY AUG 13-18, 2005 CL Orthodox Acad Crete, Kolymbari, GREECE HO Orthodox Acad Crete DE empirically accessible system; thermodynamical data reduction; therminator AB Thermodynamics (in concert with its sister discipline, statistical physics) can be regarded as a data reduction scheme based on partitioning a total system into a subsystem and a bath that weakly interact with each other. Whereas conventionally, the systems investigated require this form of data reduction in order to facilitate prediction, a different problem also occurs, in the context of communication networks, markets, etc. Such "empirically accessible" systems typically overwhelm observers with the sort of information that in the case of (say) a gas is effectively unobtainable. What is required for such complex interacting systems is not prediction (this may be impossible when humans besides the observer are responsible for the interactions) but rather, descriplion as a route to understanding. Still, the need for a thermodynamical data reduction scheme remains. In this paper, we show how an empirical temperature can be computed for finite, empirically accessible systems, and further outline how this construction allows the age-old science of thermodynamics to be fruitfully applied to them. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Huntsman, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM schuntsm@nps.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 365 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.01.031 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040DX UT WOS:000237360300007 ER PT J AU He, JH Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Qadri, SB Sprague, JA AF He, J. H. Carosella, C. A. Hubler, G. K. Qadri, S. B. Sprague, J. A. TI Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of nanoscale compositional patterning during film growth of phase-separated systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIRECTED SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; NI SYSTEM; SURFACE; SUPERLATTICES; ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; SI(100); GE AB We demonstrate through kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that different nanoscale compositional patterns can be formed in the film deposition of phase-separated alloys. When the diffusion is confined on the surface, cylinders (nanowires) perpendicular to the growth plane are observed in both symmetric and asymmetric phase-separated alloys. In the presence of both surface and subsurface diffusion, the compositional modulations along the growth direction (natural superlattices) may be formed in asymmetric alloys. Such nanoscale patterning is attributed to the competition of phase separation and surface segregation as well as to the geometrical confinement of the diffusion in the film growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP He, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jhe@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 23 AR 235406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235406 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WZ UT WOS:000238696600128 ER PT J AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Sykora, M Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Sykora, Milan Mattoussi, Hedi TI Spectrally resolved energy transfer using quantum dot donors: Ensemble and single-molecule photoluminescence studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; FRET AB The photoluminescence spectrum of a quasimonodisperse semiconductor quantum dot (QD) population is composed of a continuum of extremely narrow single QD spectra. This is due to inhomogeneities in nanocrystal size within a population and the color-size dependency imposed by effects of carrier quantum confinements. We take advantage of this population heterogeneity to gain a unique insight into the fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) process between a QD donor and proximal dye-labeled protein acceptors. Our steady-state, time-resolved ensemble and single-QD studies demonstrate that the spectral dependency of the energy transfer rate matches the acceptor absorption spectrum as predicted by Forster formalism. This allows ratiometric FRET measurements based on the QD donor emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pons, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.pons@nrl.navy.mil; hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245302 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900063 ER PT J AU Shapiro, SM Xu, G Gu, G Gardner, J Fonda, RW AF Shapiro, SM Xu, G Gu, G Gardner, J Fonda, RW TI Lattice dynamics of the high-temperature shape-memory alloy Nb-Ru SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NIOBIUM-RUTHENIUM ALLOYS; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; DISPLACIVE TRANSFORMATIONS; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; NI2MNGA AB Nb-Ru is a high-temperature shape-memory alloy that undergoes a martensitic transformation from a parent cubic beta-phase into a tetragonal beta(') phase at T-M similar to 900 degrees C. Measurements of the phonon dispersion curves on a single crystal show that the [110]-TA(2) phonon branch, corresponding in the q=0 limit to the elastic constant C-'=1/2(C-11-C-12) has an anomalous temperature dependence. Nearly the entire branch softens with decreasing temperature as T-M is approached. The temperature dependence of the low-q phonon energies suggests that the elastic constants would approach 0 as T approaches T-M, indicating a second-order transition. No additional lattice modulation is observed in the cubic phase. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shapiro, SM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214114 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200046 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM Velikovich, AL AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. Velikovich, A. L. TI Fusion neutron yield from high intensity laser-cluster interaction SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM CLUSTERS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; NUCLEAR-FUSION; COULOMB EXPLOSION; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; PULSE; ELECTRON; PLASMAS; FIELDS AB The fusion neutron yield from a compact neutron source is studied. Laser-irradiated deuterium clusters serve as a precursor of high-energy deuterium ions, which react with the walls of a fusion reaction chamber and produce copious amounts of neutrons in fusion reactions. The explosion of deuterium clusters with initial radius of 50-200 A irradiated by a subpicosecond laser with intensity of 10(16) W/cm(2) is examined theoretically. We studied the conversion efficiency of laser energy to ion kinetic energy, the mean and maximum ion kinetic energy, and ion energy distribution function by a molecular dynamics model. A yield of similar to 10(5)-10(6) neutrons/J is obtainable for a peak laser intensity of 10(16)-10(17) W/cm(2) and clusters with an initial radius of 200-400 A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 AR 064501 DI 10.1063/1.2210467 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 059KP UT WOS:000238732000072 ER PT J AU Huba, JD AF Huba, JD TI Forced Hall magnetic reconnection: Parametric variation of the "Newton Challenge" SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB A parametric study of forced magnetic reconnection using a 2D Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code based on the "Newton Challenge" is presented. The "Newton Challenge" defined a magnetic reconnection problem in which reconnection was initiated by a spatially and temporally dependent inflow velocity on the upstream boundary. In this study the magnitude and time dependence of the inflow velocity are varied, as well as the length of the system and the boundary conditions. The general conclusion is that reconnection occurs sooner and faster for stronger impulsive drives (e.g., larger inflow velocities and longer time scales). The results are fairly insensitive to system length. Finally, the Hall MHD results are compared to results from a particle-in-cell simulation study. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 AR 062311 DI 10.1063/1.2212397 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 059KP UT WOS:000238732000025 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW TI Magnetically insulated ion flow theory SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON FLOW; TRANSMISSION-LINES; IMPEDANCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; DIODE; FIELD AB Initiation of an anode plasma and ion emission into a magnetically insulated transmission line can cause serious current losses unless the ions are magnetically insulated as well as the electrons. A model for magnetically insulated ion flow in a vacuum transmission line is developed. Particle-in-cell simulations are presented that show that this model accurately predicts properties of this flow. The model is applied to determine the current required to magnetically insulate ion flow for a given voltage and vacuum line impedance. Relevance of this work to system designs for Z-pinch-driven inertial confinement fusion is discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 AR 063101 DI 10.1063/1.2207122 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 059KP UT WOS:000238732000050 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW TI Rescaling of equilibrium magnetically insulated flow theory based on results from particle-in-cell simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION-LINES; ELECTRON FLOW; HIGH-POWER; DIODE; IMPEDANCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; VACUUM; FIELD AB By relaxing an assumption on the electron density in the flow layer used in magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) theory, the theory is rescaled to match particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results, providing a more accurate determination of the line voltage from the measurement of anode and cathode currents over a broad range of parameters. Results from the PIC simulations also show that self-limited flow is not determined by either a minimum-current or a minimum-energy condition, but rather is closer to saturated flow. In addition, analytic expressions are obtained for the first time for the self-limited flow impedance Z(f)(SL)(V)/Z(0) and the self-limited anode and cathode currents Z(0)I(a)(SL)(V) and Z(0)I(c)(SL)(V), where Z(0) is the vacuum impedance of the line and V is the voltage. Similar expressions for both minimum-current flow and minimum-energy flow are also obtained. Results are compared with other models for MITL flow and show that this rescaled MITL flow model is most consistent with the PIC simulation results. Finally, it is shown that a matched load condition can never be satisfied for self-limited (or line-limited) flow. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 AR 063109 DI 10.1063/1.2212831 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 059KP UT WOS:000238732000058 ER PT J AU Patel, CN Smith, VF Randall, LL AF Patel, CN Smith, VF Randall, LL TI Characterization of three areas of interactions stabilizing complexes between SecA and SecB, two proteins involved in protein export SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SecA; SecB; export; protein interactions; calorimetry ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; CHAPERONE SECB; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING FRAME; SOLVENT REORGANIZATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL LIGAND; DIMERIC SECA; ATPASE SECA; TRANSLOCATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The general secretory, Sec, system translocates precursor polypeptides from the cytosol across the cytoplasmic membrane in Escherichia coli. SecB, a small cytosolic chaperone, captures the precursor polypeptides before they fold and delivers them to the membrane translocon through interactions with SecA. Both SecB and SecA display twofold symmetry and yet the complex between the two is stabilized by contacts that are distributed asymmetrically. Two distinct regions of interaction have been defined previously and here we identify a third. Calorimetric studies of complexes stabilized by different subsets of these interactions were carried out to determine the binding affinities and the thermodynamic parameters that underlie them. We show here that there is no change in affinity when either one of two contact areas out of the three is lacking. This fact and the asymmetry of the binding contacts may be important to the function of the complex in protein export. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Randall, LL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM craneje@missouri.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM029798, GM29798, R37 GM029798] NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1386 DI 10.1110/ps.062141006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 048DN UT WOS:000237927900014 PM 16731972 ER PT J AU Carney, JR Miller, JS Gump, JC Pangilinan, GI AF Carney, JR Miller, JS Gump, JC Pangilinan, GI TI Time-resolved optical measurements of the post-detonation combustion of aluminized explosives SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; AIR; TEMPERATURE; IGNITION AB The dynamic observation and characterization of light emission following the detonation and subsequent combustion of an aluminized explosive is described. The temporal, spatial, and spectral specificity of the light emission are achieved using a combination of optical diagnostics. Aluminum and aluminum monoxide emission peaks are monitored as a function of time and space using streak camera based spectroscopy in a number of light collection configurations. Peak areas of selected aluminum containing species are tracked as a function of time to ascertain the relative kinetics (growth and decay of emitting species) during the energetic event. At the chosen streak camera sensitivity, aluminum emission is observed for 10 mu s following the detonation of a confined 20 g charge of PBXN-113, while aluminum monoxide emission persists longer than 20 mu s. A broadband optical emission gauge, shock velocity gauge, and fast digital framing camera are used as supplemental optical diagnostics. In-line, collimated detection is determined to be the optimum light collection geometry because it is independent of distance between the optics and the explosive charge. The chosen optical configuration also promotes a constant cylindrical collection volume that should facilitate future modeling efforts. C1 USN, Suface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Qualis Corp, Space Environm Effects Facil, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 AR 063103 DI 10.1063/1.2200766 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 059KX UT WOS:000238732800003 ER PT J AU Plesovs, A Herndon, H AF Plesovs, A Herndon, H TI Commercial sounder solves Navy's part obsolescence issues - COTS solution harnesses the power of technology for the warfighter SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div Crane, Crane, IN USA. EG&G Tech Serv Inc, Crane, IN USA. RP Plesovs, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div Crane, Crane, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 25 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 056KS UT WOS:000238522300004 ER PT J AU Bentrem, FW Avera, WE Sample, J AF Bentrem, FW Avera, WE Sample, J TI Estimating surface Sediments using multibeam sonar - Acoustic backscatter processing for characterization and mapping of the ocean bottom SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bentrem, FW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 37 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 056KS UT WOS:000238522300006 ER PT J AU Malkevitch, N Molen, CV Philbin, N Rice, J McCarron, R Handrigan, M Freilich, D AF Malkevitch, N. Molen, C. Vander Philbin, N. Rice, J. McCarron, R. Handrigan, M. Freilich, D. TI Innate immune responses and mortality in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) in swine model resuscitated with HemoglobinBased Oxygen Carrier (HBOC-201) -/+ recombinant factor VIIa (rfVIIa). SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Conference of the Shock-Society CY JUN 03-06, 2006 CL Broomfield, CO SP Shock Soc, Novo Nordisk, USN, Off Naval REs, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 SU 1 BP 46 EP 46 DI 10.1097/00024382-200606001-00138 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 047AA UT WOS:000237851000139 ER PT J AU Miller, AR Moskowitz, IS AF Miller, AR Moskowitz, IS TI Difference of sums containing products of binomial coefficients and their logarithms SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE sums of binomial coefficients and their logarithms; covert channels; anonymity; traffic analysis AB Properties of the difference of two sums containing products of binomial coefficients and their logarithms which arise in the application of Shannon's information theory to a certain class of covert channels are deduced. Some allied consequences of the latter are also recorded. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, AR (reprint author), 1616 18th St NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1137/S0036144504444292X PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 048PU UT WOS:000237959800003 ER PT J AU Owen, G Grofman, B AF Owen, G Grofman, B TI Two-stage electoral competition in two-party contests: persistent divergence of party positions SO SOCIAL CHOICE AND WELFARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Public-Choice-Society CY MAR 06-24, 1995 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Public Choice Soc ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL VOTING MODELS; DIRECTIONAL THEORY; SPATIAL MODEL; DUVERGER LAW; CONSTITUENCY; CANDIDATES; SENATE AB Models of party competition building on Downs (1957) have recognized that there are centrifugal and centripetal forces in party competition; but one such force, the existence of party primaries, has been remarkably neglected in recent literature. We consider party/candidate policy divergence in two-party competition in one dimension where there is a two-stage electoral process, e.g., a primary election (or caucus) among party supporters to select that party's candidate followed by a general election. We develop a model in which (some or all) voters in the primary election are concerned with the likelihood that the primary victor will be able to win the general election and being concerned with that candidate's policy position. This model is similar in all but technical details to that given in an almost totally neglected early paper in Public Choice Coleman (1971) 11:35-60, but we offer important new results on electoral dynamics for candidate locations. In addition to accounting for persistent party divergence by incorporating a more realistic model of the institutions that govern elections in the U.S., the model we offer gives rise to predictions that match a number of important aspects of empirical reality such as frequent victories for incumbents and greater than otherwise expected electoral success for the minority party in situations where that party has its supporters more closely clustered ideologically than the supporters of the larger party (in particular, with a concentration of voters between the party mean and the population mean). C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grofman, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bgrofman@uci.edu NR 58 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-1714 J9 SOC CHOICE WELFARE JI Soc Choice Welf. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 547 EP 569 DI 10.1007/s00355-006-0087-1 PG 23 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 056LJ UT WOS:000238524100008 ER PT J AU Iliadis, AA Thompson, PE AF Iliadis, Agis A. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Special issue: ISMS 2005 - Foreword SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM agis@eng.umd.edu; Phillip.Thompson@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 901 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.05.002 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 070DB UT WOS:000239499400001 ER PT J AU Ioannou, DP Mishra, R Ioannou, DE Liu, ST Hughes, HL AF Ioannou, D. P. Mishra, R. Ioannou, D. E. Liu, S. T. Hughes, H. L. TI Worst case stress conditions for hot carrier induced degradation of p-channel SOI MOSFETs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 2005 CY DEC 07-09, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP DARPA Microelect Technol Off, Natl Inst Stand Technol, USA Res Lab, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, USN, Naval Res Lab, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn DE SOI; p-channel MOSFET; HCI; NBTl; self-heating effect ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; INJECTION; PMOSFETS AB In this paper a comprehensive study of the worst case hot carrier stress conditions for p-channel partially depleted SOI MOSFETs is carried out. It is found that while stress at maximum gate current results to the conventional PMOSFET degradation mechanism (i.e., electron trapping in the gate oxide on the drain side), significant damage is also introduced following stress at the high gate/high drain voltage (V-G = V-D) condition. A series of experiments unambiguously demonstrate that this damage is not caused by hot hole injection and that device degradation mechanism at V-G = V-D stress condition (formation of interface states and positive oxide charges) is in fact due to negative bias temperature instability which is activated because of the self-heating effect. In addition, stress at high temperature is found to result in a shift of the worst case stress condition from maximum gate current to V-G = V-D. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ioannou, DP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dioannou@gmu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 929 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.04.048 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 070DB UT WOS:000239499400007 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Park, SY Daulton, JW Yu, RH Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Chung, Sung-Yong Park, Si-Young Daulton, Jeffrey W. Yu, Ronghua Berger, Paul R. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Integration of Si/SiGe HBT and Si-based RITD demonstrating controllable negative differential resistance for wireless applications SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 2005 CY DEC 07-09, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP DARPA Microelect Technol Off, Natl Inst Stand Technol, USA Res Lab, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, USN, Naval Res Lab, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn DE resonant interband tunnel diode; heterojunction bipolar transistor; negative differential resistance; molecular beam epitaxy; silicon germanium; voltage controlled oscillator ID INTERBAND TUNNELING DIODES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VERTICAL INTEGRATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSISTORS; COMPLEXITY; CONVERTER; GROWTH; DEVICE; LOGIC AB Si-based resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITD) were monolithically integrated with Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) on silicon substrates effectively creating a 3-terminal negative differential resistance (NDR) device. We demonstrate that the room temperature NDR in the I-C-V-EC characteristics under common emitter configuration can be controlled by a third terminal which is the basis of the integrated circuit. The estimated NDR values from the DC I-V characteristics, assuming that the NDR is linear, can be varied from about -27.5 Omega to -180 Omega with respect to V-CE in the range of 0.96 V-1.16 V. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dresse Lab 205, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dresse Lab 205, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014; OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349; Daulton, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2158-053X NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 973 EP 978 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.04.044 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 070DB UT WOS:000239499400013 ER PT J AU Mulpuri, KB Qadri, SB Grun, J Manka, CK Ridgway, MC AF Mulpuri, K. B. Qadri, S. B. Grun, J. Manka, C. K. Ridgway, M. C. TI Annealing of ion-implanted SiC by laser-pulse-exposure-generated shock-waves SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 2005 CY DEC 07-09, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP DARPA Microelect Technol Off, Natl Inst Stand Technol, USA Res Lab, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, USN, Naval Res Lab, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn DE SiC; ion-implantation; annealing; shock-wave ID SILICON; PARAMETERS; ALUMINUM; BORON AB A thermal annealing in phosphorus, boron, and aluminum/boron implanted 4H-SiC is explored by launching mechanical shock waves, induced by exposure to a laser pulse. Annealing is observed in a 3.2 mm outer diameter donut-shaped area surrounding the laser exposed spot. The minimum sheet-resistance within this area in phosphorus-implanted sample is close to the thermally annealed value of 400 Q/rectangle. Unlike thermal annealing, shock annealing did not cause any redistribution of the implant, including boron, a known transient enhanced diffuser in SiC. Optimization of parameters like laser power and/or pulse duration or investigation of an alternate mechanical shockwave launching method is required to achieve athermal annealing far away from the center of the exposed region and similar to that of the thermal annealed material. Results of this study might help in the manufacturing of silicon carbide high-power, high-temperature, and radiation hardened devices in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.04.019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 070DB UT WOS:000239499400023 ER PT J AU Green, L Lesser, D AF Green, Leslye Lesser, David TI A newborn with Beals syndrome SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE congenital contractural arachnodactyly; Beals syndrome; "crumpled ear"; fibrillin-2 protein AB We present the case of a newborn with multiple connective tissue abnormalities. Careful examination of the infant and a detailed history from his mother indicated that they were both affected by Beals syndrome (congenital contractural arachnodactyly). A viable-term male infant was delivered to a healthy 30-year-old. The parents had no known history of familial birth defects. After delivery, it was noted that the infant could not extend either elbow past 90 degrees. Further examination revealed a crumpled helix of the ear, ulnar deviation of the fingers, campylodactyly, and hyperextensible ankles. Further questioning revealed that the mother also had hyperflexible wrists and ankles, and several dislocations of both patellae in childhood. She never received a diagnosis or treatment for her condition. A careful examination of newborn deformities and extensive history-taking from the parents can reveal previously unknown genetic traits. Thus, initiating early screening and intervention can positively impact a child's future. C1 USN, Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Family Med, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Green, L (reprint author), USN, Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Family Med, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL USA. EM leslye.m.green@pcola.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 6 BP 617 EP 619 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000217212.73359.e7 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095NW UT WOS:000241315600013 PM 16800419 ER PT J AU Lee, WC Harasti, PR Bell, M Jou, BJD Chang, MH AF Lee, Wen-Chau Harasti, Paul R. Bell, Michael Jou, Ben Jong-Dao Mou-Hsiang Chang TI Doppler velocity signatures of idealized elliptical vortices SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Doppler winds; elliptical vortex; vortex Rossby waves; deformation wind field; GBVTD(ground-based velocity track display) ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; INNER CORE REGION; TROPICAL CYCLONE; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; POLYGONAL EYE; HURRICANES; FLOW AB Doppler radar observations have revealed a class of atmospheric vortices (tropical cyclones, tornadoes, dust devils) that possess elliptical radar reflectivity signatures. One famous example is Typhoon Herb (1996) that maintained its elliptical reflectivity structure over a 40-hour period. Theoretical work and dual-Doppler analyses of observed tropical cyclones have suggested two physical mechanisms that can explain the formation of two types of elliptical vortices observed in nature, namely, the combination of a circular vortex with either a wavenumber two vortex Rossby wave or a deformation field. The characteristics of these two types of elliptical vortices and their corresponding Doppler velocity signatures have not been previously examined. Idealized elliptical vortices consisting of a Rankine vortex combined with wavenumber two disturbances are constructed and sampled by a hypothetical Doppler radar. The Doppler velocity patterns of all wavenumber two cases shown in this study are visually similar. The characteristics of the two-dimensional flow patterns and the corresponding Doppler velocities produced by an idealized vortex Rossby wave and deformation field are illustrated. The ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) single Doppler vortex wind retrieval technique was performed on these two types of elliptical vortices. The GBVTD technique can retrieve wavenumber two components in the vortex Rossby wave case outside the RMW but failed to retrieve wavenumber two structure of the deformation case for All radii. It can be seen that when the phase of the wavenumber two V-T is ahead of V-R by pi/4 with same amplitude, GBVTD coefficients A3 and B3 are near zero; hence, GBVTD technique cannot retrieve the wavenumber two amplitude in these conditions. However, by knowing the elliptical shape of the vortex as a priori these two mechanisms can still be distinguished by the characteristics of the corresponding GBVTD coefficients. C1 NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Def Univ, Taoyuan, Taiwan. RP Lee, WC (reprint author), NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM wenchau@ucar.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; JOU, BEN JONG DAO/0000-0001-5715-042X NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 429 EP 446 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 087EZ UT WOS:000240726900007 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV Twiner, MJ Hess, P McMahon, T Satake, M Yasumoto, T Ramsdell, JS Doucette, GJ Ma, W O'Shaughnessy, TJ AF Kulagina, NV Twiner, MJ Hess, P McMahon, T Satake, M Yasumoto, T Ramsdell, JS Doucette, GJ Ma, W O'Shaughnessy, TJ TI Azaspiracid-1 inhibits bioelectrical activity of spinal cord neuronal networks SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE biosensor; azaspiracid-1; extracellular recording; phycotoxin; microelectrode array; primary neuronal cultures; voltage-gated channels; action potential ID MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE TOXINS; SHELLFISH; MUSSELS; SAXITOXIN; IRELAND; ANALOGS AB Azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) is a recently identified phycotoxin that accumulates in molluscs and can cause severe human intoxications. For this study, we utilized murine spinal cord and frontal cortex neuronal networks grown over 64 channel microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to gain insights into the mechanism of action of AZA-1 on neuronal cells. Extracellular recordings of spontaneous action potentials were per-formed by monitoring mean spike rate as an assay of the efficacy of AZA-1 to alter the bioelectrical activity of neurons in the networks. Via slow onset, AZA-1 decreased the mean spike rate of the spinal cord neurons with an IC50 of ca. 2.1 nM, followed by partial recovery of original activity when toxin was removed. Pretreatment with the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline led to an increased response of the neuronal networks to AZA-1 exposure and resulted in an irreversible inhibition of spike rate. AZA-1 did not cause any changes in frontal cortex networks upon drug exposure. In addition, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from spinal cord neurons showed that AZA-I had no significant effect on the voltage-gated sodium (Na+) or calcium (Ca2+) currents, suggesting that the toxin affected synaptic transmission in the neuronal networks through a mechanism independent of these voltage-gated channels. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Inst Marine, Marine Environm & Food Safety Serv, Galway, Ireland. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Japan Food Res Lab, Tama Lab, Tokyo, Japan. RP Kulagina, NV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kulagina@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; NR 24 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.02.011 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 055QV UT WOS:000238466300007 PM 16626774 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G AF Valeri, C. Robert Ragno, Gina TI Cyropreservation - Editorial SO TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02360 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Boston, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1473-0502 J9 TRANSFUS APHER SCI JI Transfus. Apher. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.transci.2005.11.013 PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 085CF UT WOS:000240580100008 ER PT J AU Yang, M Sheehan, PE King, WP Whitman, LJ AF Yang, M Sheehan, PE King, WP Whitman, LJ TI Direct writing of a conducting polymer with molecular-level control of physical dimensions and orientation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; NANOWIRES; FILMS C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 21 BP 6774 EP 6775 DI 10.1021/ja0612807 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 046MS UT WOS:000237816300006 PM 16719442 ER PT J AU Wessman, DE Seidensticker, DF Linz, PE AF Wessman, Dylan E. Seidensticker, Daniel F. Linz, Peter E. TI Heart failure management in the internal medicine clinic: A comparison of patients with and without severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY MAY 07-09, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Qual Care & Outcomes Res Interdisciplinary Working Grp, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Vet Affairs C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 21 BP E832 EP E833 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 048RQ UT WOS:000237964600245 ER PT J AU Thornton, EB Sallenger, A Sesto, JC Egley, L McGee, T Parsons, R AF Thornton, EB Sallenger, A Sesto, JC Egley, L McGee, T Parsons, R TI Sand mining impacts on long-term dune erosion in southern Monterey Bay SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dune erosion; beach erosion; sand mining; Monterey Bay AB Southern Monterey Bay was the most intensively mined shoreline (with sand removed directly from the surf zone) in the U.S. during the period from 1906 until 1990, when the mines were closed following hypotheses that the mining caused coastal erosion. It is estimated that the yearly averaged amount of mined sand between 1940 and 1984 was 128,000 m(3)/yr, which is approximately 50% of the yearly average dune volume loss during this period. To assess the impact of sand mining, erosion rates along an 18 km range of shoreline during the times of intensive sand mining (1940-1990) are compared with the rates after sand mining ceased (1990-2004). Most of the shoreline is composed of unconsolidated sand with extensive sand dunes rising up to a height of 46 in, vulnerable to the erosive forces of storm waves. Erosion is defined here as a recession of the top edge of the dune. Recession was determined using stereo-photogrammetry, and LIDAR and GPS surveys. Long-term erosion rates vary from about 0.5 m/yr at Monterey to 1.5 m/yr in the middle of the range, and then decrease northward. Erosion events are episodic and occur when storm waves and high tides coincide, allowing swash to undercut the dune and resulting in permanent recession. Erosion appears to be correlated with the occurrence of El Ninos. The calculated volume loss of the dune in southern Monterey Bay during the 1997-98 El Nino winter was 1,820,000 m(3), which is almost seven times the historical annual mean dune erosion of 270,000 m(3)/yr. The alongshore variation in recession rates appears to be a function of the alongshore gradient in mean wave energy and depletions by sand mining. After cessation of sand mining in 1990, the erosion rates decreased at locations in the southern end of the bay but have not significantly changed at other locations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Inst Hidrograf Marina, Cadiz 11007, Spain. NPMOD Lemore, Lemoore, CA 93246 USA. USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thornton, EB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thornton@nps.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.02.005 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 049KM UT WOS:000238015100004 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Smith, D Rachford, F Moore, P Forester, DW AF Monzon, C. Loschialpo, P. Smith, D. Rachford, F. Moore, P. Forester, D. W. TI Three-dimensional focusing of broadband microwave beams by a layered photonic structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; CRYSTALS; INDEX; GAP AB Experiment and analysis confirm that a finite layered structure involving glass layers with broad strip metallizations can be characterized by broadband negative refractionlike behavior in three dimensions. The structure is further characterized as capable of 21 broadband focusing of near field radiation, with verified experimental focusing bandwidth of 1.51. This represents a significant improvement over the two-dimensional and narrow band focusing operation of current implementations of left-handed media. An electronic reconfigurable version is identified together with potential applications. C1 NRL, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), NRL, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 20 AR 207402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.207402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 046YM UT WOS:000237847000051 PM 16803205 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Mittereder, JA Bass, R Binari, SC Hanser, D Preble, EA Evans, K AF Storm, D. F. Roussos, J. A. Katzer, D. S. Mittereder, J. A. Bass, R. Binari, S. C. Hanser, D. Preble, E. A. Evans, K. TI Microwave power performance of MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on HVPE GaN substrates SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB Common-emitter I-V measurements were performed at elevated temperatures. Measurements at 300 degrees C are shown in Fig. 2 for a device with a 50 x 50 pill 2 emitter, using base Current steps of 250 mu A. Note that the data was obtained for a device with slightly different I-V characteristics from those measured in Fig. I (e.g. h(fe), at 25 degrees C was measured to be 20. along with an offset voltage of approximately 3V). At 300 degrees C, the HBT functions well and exhibits an improved offset voltage of approximately 1.5-2.0 V a knee voltage of 8 V along with a drop in the value of h(fe) to 10. The improvement in offset voltage is attributed to the enhanced ionisation efficiency of the Mg acceptors at higher temperature which at 300 degrees C has reduced the base sheet resistance by approximately a factor of four, as measured from on-wafer transfer length method (TLM) patterns. The increase in knee voltage is attributed to ail increase in the extrinsic emitter and collector resistances. The reduction of h(fe), with increasing temperature is shown more clearly in Fig. 3. It is attributed to a reduction in the diffusion length for electrons in the base, together with a possible increase in the hole current back-injected into the emitter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM storm@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1049/el:20060648 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 063PN UT WOS:000239032100038 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Blum, AS Long, DP AF Kushmerick, James G. Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Long, David P. TI Metrology for molecular electronics SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE molecular electronics; charge transport; conductance switching; inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONTROLLED CONDUCTANCE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SINGLE MOLECULES; JUNCTIONS; WIRES; OLIGOMERS AB Building reliable molecular electronic devices requires the ability to accurately and reproducibly measure the electronic response of the system under study. Here we review our work with three distinct molecular electronic test structures which show excellent agreement for measurements on molecular wires and molecular switch molecules. We also discuss how inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy enables chemical characterization of molecular electronic elements in actual device geometries. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 568 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 050HY UT WOS:000238079300003 PM 17761242 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Krauss-Varban, D Karimabadi, H Huba, JD Rudakov, LI Ricci, P AF Lapenta, Giovanni Krauss-Varban, D. Karimabadi, H. Huba, J. D. Rudakov, L. I. Ricci, Paolo TI Kinetic simulations of x-line expansion in 3D reconnection SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SHEET; FIELD; WIND AB The dynamics of x-line formation and evolution in 3D magnetic reconnection is studied using a fully kinetic approach. An x-line of small length is initialized using a perturbation localized in the current direction. The electrons and ions drift diamagnetically along the current direction of the initial x-line and are further accelerated by the reconnection electric field. The electron and ion motion is in opposite directions and each species extends one end of the x-line. Several predictions based on this picture are formulated and studied and confirmed under parameter variation. Expansion can proceed at a significant fraction of the Alfven speed, in both directions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 AR L10102 DI 10.1029/2005GL025124 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 049SX UT WOS:000238038200001 ER PT J AU Schmitt, HR Calzetti, D Armus, L Giavalisco, M Heckman, TM Kennicutt, RC Leitherer, C Meurer, GR AF Schmitt, H. R. Calzetti, D. Armus, L. Giavalisco, M. Heckman, T. M. Kennicutt, R. C., Jr. Leitherer, C. Meurer, G. R. TI Ultraviolet-to-far-infrared properties of local star-forming galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; stars : formation; ultraviolet : galaxies ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; FORMATION RATES; SUPERNOVA RATE; STARBURST GALAXIES; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS; LUMINOSITY DENSITY; DUSTY GALAXIES; H-ALPHA AB We present the results of a multiwavelength study of nearby galaxies aimed at understanding the relation between the ultraviolet and far-infrared emission in star-forming galaxies. The data set comprises new ultraviolet (from HST STIS), ground-based H alpha, and radio continuum observations, together with archival infrared data (from IRAS and ISO). The local galaxies are used as benchmarks for comparison of the infrared-to-ultraviolet properties with two populations of high-redshift galaxies: the submillimeter star-forming galaxies detected by SCUBA and the ultraviolet-selected Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). In addition, the longwavelength baseline covered by the present data enables us to compare the star formation rates (SFRs) derived from the observed ultraviolet, H alpha, infrared, and radio luminosities and to gauge the impact of dust opacity in the local galaxies. We also derive a new calibration for the nonthermal part of the radio SFR estimator, based on the comparison of 1.4 GHz measurements with a new estimator of the bolometric luminosity of the star-forming regions. We find that more actively star-forming galaxies show higher dust opacities, which is in line with previous results. We find that the local star-forming galaxies have a lower F-lambda(205 mu m)/F-lambda(UV) ratio by 2 - 3 orders of magnitude than the submillimeter-selected galaxies and may have a similar or somewhat higher F-lambda(205 mu m)/F-lambda(UV) ratio than LBGs. The F lambda(205 mu m)/F-lambda(UV) ratio of the local galaxy population may be influenced by the cool dust emission in the far-infrared heated by nonionizing stellar populations, which may be reduced or absent in the LBGs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferomatr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Schmitt, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hschmitt@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 71 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 1 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1086/501512 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 043TP UT WOS:000237624900018 ER PT J AU Cargill, PJ Klimchuk, JA AF Cargill, Peter J. Klimchuk, James A. TI On the temperature-emission measure distribution in stellar coronae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : coronae ID ULTRAVIOLET-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; TRANSITION-REGION; LOOPS; EXPLANATION; DENSITY; PLASMAS AB Strong peaks in the emission measure-temperature ( EM-T) distributions in the coronae of some binary stars are associated with the presence of hot ( 10(7) K), dense ( up to 10(13) cm(-3)) plasma. These peaks are very reminiscent of those predicted to arise in an impulsively heated solar corona. A coronal model comprised of many impulsively heated strands is adapted to stellar parameters. It is shown that the properties of the EM-T distribution can be accounted for in general terms provided the emission comes from many very small loops ( length under 103 km) with intense magnetic fields ( 1 kG) distributed across part of the surface of the star. The heating requires events that generally dissipate between 10(26) and 10(28) ergs, which is in the range of solar microflares. This implies that such stars must be capable of generating regions of localized intense magnetic fields. C1 Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cargill, PJ (reprint author), Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 1 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1086/501446 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 043TP UT WOS:000237624900041 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, Charles D. Atoyan, Armen TI Collapse of neutron stars to black holes in binary systems: A model for short gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; stars : winds, outflows; X-rays : binaries ID LOW-MASS; HOST GALAXY; MILLISECOND PULSAR; GRB 050509B; AFTERGLOW; MERGERS; CONSTRAINTS; PROGENITOR; LUMINOSITY; GRB-050709 AB The accretion of approximate to 0.1 - 1 M-. of material by a neutron star through Roche lobe overflow of its companion or through white dwarf - neutron star coalescence in a low-mass binary system could be enough to exceed the critical mass of a neutron star and trigger its collapse to a black hole, leading to the production of a short gamma-ray burst (SGRB). In this model, SGRBs would often be found in early-type galaxies or in globular cluster environments, though they could also be formed through stellar wind accretion in high-mass binary systems of star-forming galaxies. Although the collapse event is likely to be of short ( << 1 s) duration, afterglow complexity could be produced by neutron decoupling in the fireball and subsequent accretion of the companion remnant, for example, the disrupted white dwarf core. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil; atoyan@crm.umontreal.ca NR 48 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/504895 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 043TQ UT WOS:000237625000004 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI High-order triangle-based discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic equations on a rotating sphere SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dubiner; electrostatics; Fekete; finite element; finite volume; Jacobi; Koornwinder; Lagrange; penalty method; polynomial; proriol; Riemann solver; Rusanov flux; shallow water equations; spherical geometry ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; MODEL; INTERPOLATION; COMPILATION; ALGORITHM; STROUD; FLOWS AB High-order triangle-based discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for hyperbolic equations on a rotating sphere are presented. The DG method can be characterized its the fusion of finite elements with finite volumes. This DG formulation uses high-order Lagrange polynomials on the triangle using nodal sets up to 15th order. The finite element-type area integrals are evaluated using order 2N Gauss cubature rules. This leads to a full mass matrix which, unlike for continuous Galerkin (CG) methods such as the spectral element (SE) method presented in Giraldo and Warburton [A nodal triangle-based spectral element method for the shallow water equations oil the sphere, J. COMPLIt. Phys. 207 (2005) 129-150], is small, local and efficient to invert. Two types of finite volume-type flux integrals are studied: a set based on Gauss-Lobatto quadrature points (order 2N-1) and a set based oil Gauss quadrature points (order 2N. Furthermore, we explore conservation and advection forms as well as strong and weak forms. Seven test cases are used to compare the different methods including some with scale contractions and shock waves. All three strong forms performed extremely well with the strong conservation form with 2N integration being the most accurate of the four DG methods studied. The strong advection form with 2N integration performed extremely well even for flows with shock waves. The strong conservation form with 2N-1 integration yielded results almost as good as those with 2N while being less expensive. All the DG methods performed better than the SE method for almost all the test cases, especially for those with strong discontinuities. Finally, the DG methods required less computing time than the SE method due to the local nature of the mass matrix. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 20 PY 2006 VL 214 IS 2 BP 447 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.09.029 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 028WF UT WOS:000236518800001 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Hanbicki, AT Erwin, SC Zutic, I Kioseoglou, G Li, CH Jonker, BT Stroud, RM AF Zega, Thomas J. Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Erwin, Steven C. Zutic, Igor Kioseoglou, George Li, Connie H. Jonker, Berend T. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI Determination of interface atomic structure and its impact on spin transport using Z-contrast microscopy and density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; INJECTION; SPINTRONICS; BARRIER AB We combine Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy with density-functional-theory calculations to determine the atomic structure of the Fe/AlGaAs interface in spin-polarized light-emitting diodes. A 44% increase in spin-injection efficiency occurs after a low-temperature anneal, which produces an ordered, coherent interface consisting of a single atomic plane of alternating Fe and As atoms. First-principles transport calculations indicate that the increase in spin-injection efficiency is due to the abruptness and coherency of the annealed interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zega, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 19 AR 196101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.196101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 044PB UT WOS:000237683600027 PM 16803113 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Owrutsky, JC TI Photodetachment of ferrocyanide in reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GEMINATE RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; HYDRATED-ELECTRON; LIQUID WATER; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; HYDROPHOBIC PROBES AB Solvated electrons have been generated in reverse micelles (RMs) through photodetachment of ferrocyanide (Fe( CN)(6)(4-)) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) RMs. We have measured both bleach recovery of the parent ferrocyanide CN stretch in the infrared and the decay of the solvated electron absorption at 800 nm. The bleach recovery has been fit to a diffusion model for the geminate recombination process. The fit parameters suggest a narrowing of the spatial distribution of ejected electrons due to confinement in the RMs when compared to bulk water. The diffusion coefficient of the solvated electron does not appear to be significantly affected by RM confinement. The decay of the solvated electron absorption exhibits an additional decay component that is not observed in bulk water and is smaller for larger RMs. No corresponding additional component is seen in the parent ferrocyanide IR bleach recovery, which supports our interpretation that the confinement-induced new decay process in RMs is due to electrons reacting with AOT headgroups. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 18 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 19 BP 9586 EP 9592 DI 10.1021/jp056667v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 043HI UT WOS:000237590800031 PM 16686506 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC AF Erwin, SC TI Solid-state physics - When is a metal not a metal? SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE; TRANSITION; PHASE C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erwin@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 18 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7091 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.1038/441295a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043IB UT WOS:000237593200029 PM 16710405 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Synthesis and properties of a liquid oligomeric cyanate ester resin SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE cyanate ester; thermoset; high temperature ID DIARYL ETHERS; ARYL HALIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY; BISMALEIMIDE; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; BLENDS AB A multiple aromatic ether-containing cyanate ester resin system with high thermal stability and superb processability has been developed. The oligomeric monomer was prepared via a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate synthesized from a modified Ullmann synthesis with bisphenol A and 1,3-dibromobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of a copper (1) complex in N,N-dimethylformamide. The hydroxyl-terminated intermediate was end-capped with the cyanate moiety by reaction with cyanogen bromide and triethylamine in dry acetone resulting in a resinous material at ambient temperatures. The thermo-oxidative and water absorption properties were determined for the new cyanate ester polymer as well as its flexural strength, flexural modulus and Rockwell hardness. Mechanical tests were also conducted on the commercially available 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene cyanate ester resin to investigate the effect of introducing an oligomeric spacer between the terminal end groups on the properties of the material. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 3727 EP 3733 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.097 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 054HA UT WOS:000238366200004 ER PT J AU Roland, CM McGrath, KJ Casalini, R AF Roland, CM McGrath, KJ Casalini, R TI Dynamic heterogeneity in poly(vinyl methyl ether)/poly(2-chlorostyrene) blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; POLYISOPRENE/POLY(VINYLETHYLENE) BLENDS; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); CHAIN CONNECTIVITY AB Dielectric spectroscopy was used to follow the component dynamics in the miscible blend of poly( vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and poly(2-chlorosytrene) (P2CS). For the PVME component ( which has the more intense loss peak due to its higher polarity), the shape of the segmental relaxation peak depends only on the relaxation time and is otherwise independent of thermodynamic conditions. This is in accord with the general behavior of neat materials. By measuring the spectra as a function of both temperature and pressure, the relative effect of temperature and volume on the segmental relaxation times was quantified from ratio of the isochoric and isobaric activation enthalpies. This ratio is essentially the same for the neat polymers, but blending has a disparate effect of the components: volume effects become stronger for the PVME but are diminished for P2CS. Similarly, the fragilities of the neat components are quite close but change markedly in the blend. The P2CS component has a fragility of 32, which is lower than found for any neat polymer. In comparison to the segmental dynamics, transport of mobile ions in the blend is relatively insensitive to volume ( or pressure). These effects are reflected in the magnitude of the respective exponents of the scaling function, which enables collapse of the relaxation times onto single, component-specific master curves. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 76 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 16 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3581 EP 3587 DI 10.1021/ma060315k PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 042JP UT WOS:000237524500016 ER PT J AU Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Yin, H Sturm, JC AF Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Yin, H Sturm, JC TI Reduced buckling in one dimension versus two dimensions of a compressively strained film on a compliant substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VISCOUS LAYER; ELASTIC FILM; RELAXATION; SIGE AB Compliant substrates are useful for manipulating the strain state of thin films. However the compliant layer may permit undesirable roughening (buckling) of a compressively strained film. In this work, we quantitatively compare two-dimensional and one-dimensional buckling in thin silicon-germanium films under biaxial and uniaxial compressive stresses, respectively. For the same strain level, films with one-dimensional stress and thus one-dimensional buckling exhibit slower buckling and lower final steady state buckling amplitude, which makes them technologically advantageous compared to biaxially strained films, which exhibit two-dimensional buckling. The results are explained through modeling. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peterson, RL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM rlp38@cam.ac.uk NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 20 AR 201913 DI 10.1063/1.2204456 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 044ON UT WOS:000237682100032 ER PT J AU Lowy, DA Tender, LM Zeikus, JG Park, DH Lovley, DR AF Lowy, DA Tender, LM Zeikus, JG Park, DH Lovley, DR TI Harvesting energy from the marine sediment-water interface II - Kinetic activity of anode materials SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE microbial fuel cell; magnetite; tafel plots; kinetic activity; power density ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME-C; FUEL-CELL; SEA-FLOOR; ELECTRICITY; GRAPHITE; FE(III) AB Here, we report a comparative study on the kinetic activity of various anodes of a recently described microbial fuel cell consisting of an anode imbedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater. Using plain graphite anodes, it was demonstrated that a significant portion of the anodic current results from oxidation of sediment organic matter catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode and capable of directly reducing the anode without added exogenous electron-transfer mediators. Here, graphite anodes incorporating microbial oxidants are evaluated in the laboratory relative to plain graphite with the goal of increasing power density by increasing current density. Anodes evaluated include graphite modified by adsorption of anthraquinone-1,6-disulfonic acid (AQDS) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), a graphite-ceramic composite containing Mn2+ and Ni2+, and graphite modified with a graphite paste containing Fe3O4 or Fe3O4 and Ni2+. It was found that these anodes possess between 1.5-and 2.2-fold greater kinetic activity than plain graphite. Fuel cells were deployed in a coastal site near Tuckerton, NJ (USA) that utilized two of these anodes. These fuel cells generated ca. 5-fold greater current density than a previously characterized fuel cell equipped with a plain graphite anode, and operated at the same site. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Seokyeong Univ, Dept Biol Engn, Seoul 136704, South Korea. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lowy, DA (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM dlowy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; ltender@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 24 TC 193 Z9 212 U1 8 U2 129 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2058 EP 2063 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.033 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 034VT UT WOS:000236959400004 PM 16574400 ER PT J AU Michael, TS Quint, T AF Michael, TS Quint, T TI Sphericity, cubicity, and edge clique covers of graphs SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE intersection graph; sphericity; edge clique cover; cubicity ID EUCLIDEAN SPACES; RECOGNITION; EMBEDDINGS AB The sphericity sph(G) of a graph G is the minimum dimension d for which G is the intersection graph of a family of congruent spheres in R d. The edge clique cover number theta(G) is the minimum cardinality of a set of cliques (complete subgraphs) that covers all edges of G. We prove that if G has at least one edge, then sph(G) <= theta(G). Our upper bound remains valid for intersection graphs defined by balls in the L-p-norm for 1 <= p >= infinity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mat, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math & Stat, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mat, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tsm@usna.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 154 IS 8 BP 1309 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2006.01.004 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 037UF UT WOS:000237172100014 ER PT J AU Ghabcheloo, R Pascoal, A Silvestre, C Kaminer, I AF Ghabcheloo, R. Pascoal, A. Silvestre, C. Kaminer, I. TI Coordinated path following control of multiple wheeled robots using linearization techniques SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coordinated motion control; path following; trimming trajectories; linearization; gain scheduling; wheeled robots ID TRAJECTORY TRACKING AB The paper addresses the problem of steering a fleet of wheeled robots along a set of given spatial paths, while keeping a desired inter-vehicle formation pattern. This problem arises for example when multiple vehicles are required to scan a given area in cooperation. In a possible mission scenario, one of the vehicles acts a leader and follows a path accurately, while the other vehicles follow paths that are naturally determined by the formation pattern imposed. The paper solves this and other related problems using a simple algorithm that builds on linearization techniques and gain scheduling control theory. Using this set-up, path following ( in space) and inter-vehicle coordination ( in time) are almost decoupled. Path following for each vehicle amounts to reducing a conveniently defined generalized error vector to zero. Vehicle coordination is achieved by adjusting the speed of each of the vehicles along its path, according to information on the position of all or some of the other vehicles. No other information is exchanged among the robots. The set-up adopted allows for a simple analysis of the resulting coordinated path following control system. The paper describes the structure of the coordination system proposed and addresses challenging problems of robustness with respect to certain types of vehicle failures. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ghabcheloo, R (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM reza@isr.ist.utl.pt RI Silvestre, Carlos/F-9189-2010; OI Silvestre, Carlos/0000-0002-5096-5527; Ghabcheloo, Reza/0000-0002-6043-4236 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 EI 1464-5319 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1080/00207720500438324 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 066NX UT WOS:000239237700007 ER PT J AU Collins, G AF Collins, G TI With oil companies, Russia seeking control plus capital SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. EM gabe.collins@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 19 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 047HY UT WOS:000237871600003 ER PT J AU Lee, YK Yang, P Hu, YX Baum, BA Loeb, NG Gao, BC AF Lee, Yong-Keun Yang, Ping Hu, Yongxiang Baum, Bryan A. Loeb, Norman G. Gao, Bo-Cai TI Potential nighttime contamination of CERES clear-sky fields of view by optically thin cirrus during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIANT ENERGY SYSTEM; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING AB [1] We investigate the outgoing broadband longwave ( LW, 5 similar to 200 mu m) and window ( WIN, 8 similar to 12 mu m) channel radiances at the top of atmosphere (TOA) under clear-sky conditions, using data acquired by the Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) instruments on board the NASA Terra satellite platform. In this study, detailed analyses are performed on the CERES Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds product to understand the radiative effect of thin cirrus. The data are acquired over the Florida area during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) field program. Of particular interest is the anisotropy associated with the radiation field. Measured CERES broadband radiances are compared to those obtained from rigorous radiative transfer simulations. Analysis of results from this comparison indicates that the simulated radiances tend to be larger than their measured counterparts, with differences ranging from 2.1% to 8.3% for the LW band and from 1.7% to 10.6% for the WIN band. The averaged difference in radiance is approximately 4% for both the LW and WIN channels. A potential cause for the differences could be the presence of thin cirrus (i.e., optically thin ice clouds with visible optical thicknesses smaller than approximately 0.3). The detection and quantitative analysis of these thin cirrus clouds are challenging even with sophisticated multispectral instruments. While large differences in radiance between the CERES observations and the theoretical calculations are found, the corresponding difference in the anisotropic factors is very small (0.2%). Furthermore, sensitivity studies show that the influence due to a +/- 1 K bias of the surface temperature on the errors of the LW and WIN channel radiances is of the same order as that associated with a +/- 2% bias of the surface emissivity. The LW and WIN errors associated with a +/- 5% bias of water vapor amount in the lower atmosphere in conjunction with a +/- 50% bias of water vapor amount in the upper atmosphere is similar to that of a +/- 1 K bias of the vertical temperature profile. Even with the uncertainties considered for these various factors, the simulated LW and WIN radiances are still larger than the observed radiances if thin cirrus clouds are excluded. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, YK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; LEE, YONG-KEUN/A-1352-2015 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D9 AR D09203 DI 10.1029/2005JD006372 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046GU UT WOS:000237800300002 ER PT J AU Linton, MG Longcope, DW AF Linton, M. G. Longcope, D. W. TI A model for patchy reconnection in three dimensions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; MHD; Sun : flares; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID FAST MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; PETSCHEK; ARCADE; RESISTIVITY; SIMULATION; CHALLENGE; EVOLUTION; MOTIONS AB We show, theoretically and via MHD simulations, how a short burst of localized reconnection on a current sheet creates a pair of reconnected flux tubes. We focus on the post-reconnection evolution of these flux tubes, studying their velocities and shapes. We find that slow-mode shocks propagate along these reconnected flux tubes, releasing magnetic energy as in steady state Petschek reconnection. The geometry of these three-dimensional shocks, however, differs significantly from the classical two-dimensional geometry. They propagate along the flux tube legs in four isolated fronts, whereas in the two-dimensional Petschek model, they form a continuous, stationary pair of V-shaped fronts. We find that the cross sections of these reconnected flux tubes appear as teardrop-shaped bundles of flux propagating away from the reconnection site. Based on this, we argue that the descending coronal voids seen by Yohkoh SXT, LASCO, and TRACE are reconnected flux tubes descending from a flare site in the high corona, for example after a coronal mass ejection. In this model, these flux tubes would then settle into equilibrium in the low corona, forming an arcade of postflare coronal loops. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 2 BP 1177 EP 1192 DI 10.1086/500965 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 042UC UT WOS:000237554200050 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Howard, RA AF Vourlidas, A Howard, RA TI The proper treatment of coronal mass ejection brightness: A new methodology and implications for observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE scattering; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) AB With the complement of coronagraphs and imagers in the SECCHI suite, we will follow a coronal mass ejection (CME) continuously from the Sun to Earth for the first time. The comparison, however, of the CME emission among the various instruments is not as easy as one might think. This is because the telescopes record the Thomson-scattered emission from the CME plasma, which has a rather sensitive dependence on the geometry between the observer and the scattering material. Here we describe the proper treatment of the Thomson-scattered emission, compare the CME brightness over a large range of elongation angles, and discuss the implications for existing and future white-light coronagraph observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 7663, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7663, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 11 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 2 BP 1216 EP 1221 DI 10.1086/501122 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 042UC UT WOS:000237554200053 ER PT J AU Marque, C Posner, A Klein, KL AF Marque, C. Posner, A. Klein, K. -L. TI Solar energetic particles and radio-silent fast coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID ELECTRON EVENTS; SHOCK-WAVES; II BURSTS; NEAR-SUN; SOHO; ACCELERATION; SPACECRAFT; RELEASE; ORIGIN; FLARES AB Both solar flares and shock waves driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can accelerate charged particles in the solar corona and create transient enhancements of solar energetic particle fluxes in interplanetary space (SEP events). Fast CMEs and flares often occur together, which makes it difficult to directly identify the actual source of SEP events detected near Earth orbit. In this paper, we attempt to single out fast CMEs without any signature of particle acceleration related to a flare. We choose meter-wave radio emission from energetic electrons as a tracer of flare-related particle acceleration. In truly radio-silent fast CMEs, the only source of SEP acceleration should be the CME shock. The SOHO LASCO catalog by St. Cyr et al. contains 24 fast CMEs (V > 900 km s(-1)) located above the western solar limb that occurred between 1996 July and 1998 June. Of these, only three are radio-silent. Comparison of their speeds with the fast magnetosonic speed in the corona shows that these three CMEs very likely drive coronal shock waves. Their properties do not depart significantly from a reference set of SEP-associated fast CMEs, except for their smaller angular width. Although one, possibly two of these three CMEs are accompanied by weak enhancements of the electron and proton fluxes (E(p) < 20 MeV; SOHO COSTEP and ACE EPAM), none produces a conspicuous SEP event. This suggests that either CME shocks accelerate particles over much smaller angular ranges than generally believed or that they are less efficient accelerators at energies above similar to 10 MeV than often thought. C1 USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Marque, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, 455 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christophe.marque@nrl.navy.mil; aposner@swri.org; ludwig.klein@obspm.fr OI Posner, Arik/0000-0003-1572-8734 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 2 BP 1222 EP 1235 DI 10.1086/501157 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 042UC UT WOS:000237554200054 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI Zope, RR AF Dunlap, BI Zope, RR TI Efficient quantum-chemical geometry optimization and the structure of large icosahedral fullerenes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INTEGRAL EVALUATION; C-60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; POTENTIALS; GRAPHITE; ALPHA AB Geometry optimization is efficient using generalized Gaunt coefficients, which significantly limit the amount of cross differentiation for multi-center integrals of high-angular-momentum solid-harmonic basis sets. The geometries of the most stable C-240, C-540, C-960, C-1500, and C-2160 icosahedral fullerenes are optimized using analytic density-functional theory, which is parameterized to give the experimental geometry of C-60. The calculations are all electron. the orbital basis set includes d functions and the exchange-correlation-potential basis set includes f functions. The largest calculation on C-2160 employed about 39000 basis functions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 422 IS 4-6 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.100 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046VW UT WOS:000237840200031 ER PT J AU Lott, B Piron, F Blank, B Bogaert, G Bregeon, J Canchel, G Chekhtman, A d'Avezac, P Dumora, D Giovinazzo, J Grove, JE Hellstrom, M Jacholkowska, A Johnson, WN Nuss, E Reposeur, T Smith, DA Summerer, K AF Lott, B Piron, F Blank, B Bogaert, G Bregeon, J Canchel, G Chekhtman, A d'Avezac, P Dumora, D Giovinazzo, J Grove, JE Hellstrom, M Jacholkowska, A Johnson, WN Nuss, E Reposeur, T Smith, DA Summerer, K CA GLAST Collaboration TI Response of the GLAST LAT calorimeter to relativistic heavy ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillation; relativistic heavy ions; CsI; calorimeter ID SCINTILLATORS; CSI(TL) AB The CsI calorimeter of the Gamma-Ray Large-Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will be calibrated in flight with cosmic-ray heavy ions. In order to determine the response of the calorimeter to relativistic heavy ions lighter than Fe, an experiment was carried out at the GSI heavy ion facility using the Fragment Separator (FRS). The measured response exhibits an unexpected feature for light ions, opposite to that observed at low incident energy: for a given deposited energy, the observed signal is greater for these ions than for protons (or more generally Z = 1 minimum ionizing particles). Pulse shapes are found to be almost identical for carbon ions and Z = 1 particles, with a significant slow scintillation component, which constitutes another departure from the low-energy behavior. Data on the energy resolution for the individual CsI crystals and on the loss of ions due to nuclear reactions in the calorimeter are also presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astrophys, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Lott, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, Domaine Haut Vigneau,BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM lott@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.12.211 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 046WO UT WOS:000237842000027 ER PT J AU McEvoy, TM Long, JW Smith, TJ Stevenson, KJ AF McEvoy, TM Long, JW Smith, TJ Stevenson, KJ TI Nanoscale conductivity mapping of hybrid nanoarchitectures: Ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) on mesoporous manganese oxide ambigels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE); POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; INSULATOR COMPOSITE; ACIDIC SOLUTIONS; CHARGE STORAGE AB We use conductive-probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) to characterize and image hybrid electrode structures comprising mesoporous manganese oxide (MnO2) ambiged nanoarchitectures coated with an ultrathin (< 10 nm) electrodeposited layer of poly(o-phenylenediamine), PPD. Native MnO2 ambigel films, supported on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, exhibit spatially uniform conductivity that correlates well with the topography of the MnO2 film, confirming that the nanoscopic oxide network is effectively wired to the underlying ITO substrate. Following the self-limiting electrodeposition of the PPD coating onto the high-surface-area (> 200 m(2) g(-1)) MnO2 ambigel, the resulting hybrid structures display an similar to 20-fold reduction in conductivity, as determined from CP-AFM measurements. The CP-AFM imaging studies confirm that the ultrathin, insulating PPD layer conformally and homogeneously coats the conductive nanoarchitecture. CP-AFM imaging of PPD-MnO2 hybrid electrodes following electrochemical cycling in an aqueous acid electrolyte reveals that the ultrathin PPD coating serves as an effective barrier to the electrolyte, protecting the underlying MnO2 nanoarchitecture from electrochemical dissolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; stevenson@mail.cm.utexas.edu NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 10 BP 4462 EP 4466 DI 10.1021/la052571g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 040OV UT WOS:000237390400002 PM 16649748 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Schlockermann, C Blumberg, G AF Haftel, Michael I. Schlockermann, Carl Blumberg, Girsh TI Role of cylindrical surface plasmons in enhanced transmission SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; NONSTANDARD FINITE-DIFFERENCES; ANNULAR APERTURE ARRAYS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; METALLIC-FILMS AB Utilizing normal mode analysis of Maxwell's equations and finite-difference-time-domain simulations we find extraordinary optical transmission in nanoarrays of insulating coaxial cylindrical rings embedded in metal films. As the rings become narrower we find transmission peaks at longer wavelengths, with the peak wavelength increasing indefinitely as the rings narrow. This behavior results from the excitation of cylindrical surface plasmon resonant modes on the cylindrical insulator-metal interfaces of the rings. These findings indicate that the excitation of cylindrical surface plasmons in these structures can produce propagating modes and enhanced transmission at wavelengths longer than those predicted previously.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM haftel@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 19 AR 193104 DI 10.1063/1.2201884 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 041SY UT WOS:000237477400078 ER PT J AU Jones, GM Hu, BH Yang, CH Yang, MJ Lyanda-Geller, YB AF Jones, G. M. Hu, B. H. Yang, C. H. Yang, M. J. Lyanda-Geller, Y. B. TI Observation of one-electron charge in an enhancement-mode InAs single-electron transistor at 4.2 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM DOT; SPECTRUM; DEVICES AB We demonstrate experimentally single-electron quantum dots using a single-top-gate transistor configuration on a composite quantum well. The data indicate a 15 meV Coulomb charging energy and a 20 meV orbital energy spacing, which imply a quantum dot of 20 nm in diameter. Combining with the inherent advantage of a large electron g(*) factor in InAs, our demonstration is significant for a solid state implementation of a scalable quantum computing. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jones, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20904 USA. EM yang@ece.umd.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 19 AR 192102 DI 10.1063/1.2202100 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 041SY UT WOS:000237477400040 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Single-mode distributed-feedback interband cascade laser for the midwave infrared SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASING PROPERTIES; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Continuous-wave single-mode emission near lambda=3.42 mu m is obtained from a distributed-feedback (DFB) interband cascade laser. The low-loss DFB mode in the 15-mu m-wide ridge is resonant with the gain peak at 110 K, where the maximum single-mode output power is 3 mW. The instrument-limited linewidth is <= 0.5 A, and the wavelength is linearly tunable over a 4 nm range by varying the temperature from 110 to 125 K (0.28 nm/K), or over 0.6 nm by varying the current from 60 to 83 mA (0.031 nm/mA). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 19 AR 191103 DI 10.1063/1.2202640 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 041SY UT WOS:000237477400003 ER PT J AU Kim, M Kim, CS Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, M Kim, CS Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser for the midinfrared SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB We demonstrate a surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser, emitting at lambda approximate to 3.7 mu m from an antimonide type-II "W" active region. While single-mode operation was not achieved, the spectral emission linewidth for cw optical pumping was only 1.3 angstrom. For pulsed operation with a pump-spot diameter of 0.8 mm, 60% of the nearly circular output beam was transmitted through an aperture with an angular diameter approximately five times that of a Gaussian emitted beam, assuming that the emission area and pump area are the same. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Coda 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 19 AR 191105 DI 10.1063/1.2203234 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 041SY UT WOS:000237477400005 ER PT J AU Gross, A Eichler, A Hafner, J Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Gross, A Eichler, A Hafner, J Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Ab initio based tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation of the sticking and scattering of O-2/Pt(111) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; METAL-SURFACES; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CLASSICAL DYNAMICS; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; ROTATIONAL STATE AB The sticking and scattering of O-2/Pt(111) has been studied by tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations based on an ab initio potential energy surface. We focus, in particular, on the sticking probability as a function of the angle of incidence and the energy and angular distributions in scattering. Our simulations provide an explanation for the seemingly paradox experimental findings that adsorption experiments suggest that the O-2/Pt(111) interaction potential should be strongly corrugated while scattering experiments indicate a rather small corrugation. The potential energy surface is indeed strongly corrugated which leads to a pronounced dependence of the sticking probability on the angle of incidence. The scattered O-2 molecules, however, experience a rather flat surface due to the fact that they are predominantly scattered at the repulsive tail of the potential. C1 Univ Ulm, Abt Theoret Chem, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gross, A (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Abt Theoret Chem, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM axel.gross@uni-ulm.de RI Gross, Axel/B-4023-2014; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 OI Gross, Axel/0000-0003-4037-7331; NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 17 AR 174713 DI 10.1063/1.2192512 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 039QQ UT WOS:000237321700038 PM 16689596 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Morey, SL O'Brien, JJ Tilburg, C Zavala-Hidalgo, J AF Zamudio, L Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Morey, SL O'Brien, JJ Tilburg, C Zavala-Hidalgo, J TI Interannual variability of Tehuantepec eddies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; WEST-COAST; SEA LEVELS; WIND JETS; OCEAN; GULF; ENSO; CIRCULATION AB [1] TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter observations and the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model simulations show interannual variability in the number and intensity of Tehuantepec eddies off the Mexican southwest coast. Analysis of the results illustrates that downwelling coastally trapped waves, which are generated in the equatorial Pacific, play a crucial role in the modulation and generation of Tehuantepec eddies and a dominant role in Tehuantepec eddy interannual variability. This introduces a new paradigm in which the generation and modulation of Tehuantepec eddies is not exclusively explained in terms of the strong and intermittent Tehuantepec wind events. In fact, the results show anticyclonic eddy formation during periods of calm Tehuantepec winds. That is specifically exemplified by the formation of two anticyclonic Tehuantepec eddies during a 5-month period of weak Gulf of Tehuantepec winds during summer of 1997. Furthermore, the satellite-observed and NLOM-simulated proliferation of Tehuantepec eddies during El Nino years is explained by the corresponding increase in downwelling coastally trapped waves and a lack of increase in the number and strength of Tehuantepec wind events during El Nino years. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM luis.zamudio@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Zavala-Hidalgo, Jorge/H-3185-2011; OI Morey, Steven/0000-0002-6585-1688 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 2 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C5 AR C05001 DI 10.1029/2005JC003182 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 041IO UT WOS:000237448300001 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, A Jin, C Narayan, RJ Mageswaran, P Mente, P Modi, R Auyeung, R Chrisey, DB Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B AF Doraiswamy, A Jin, C Narayan, RJ Mageswaran, P Mente, P Modi, R Auyeung, R Chrisey, DB Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B TI Two photon induced polymerization of organic-inorganic hybrid biomaterials for microstructured medical devices SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE two photon induced polymerization; Ormocer (R); tissue engineering; microneedles ID TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY; OF-PLANE MICRONEEDLES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MICROFABRICATED MICRONEEDLES; INSERTION FORCE; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS AB Three-dimensional microstructured medical devices, including microneedles and tissue engineering scaffolds, were fabricated by two photon induced polymerization of Ormocer(R) organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Femtosecond laser pulses from a titanium: sapphire laser were used to break chemical bonds on Irgacure(R) 369 photoinitiator within a small focal volume. The radicalized starter molecules reacted with Ormocer(R) US-S4 monomers to create radicalized polymolecules. The desired structures are fabricated by moving the laser focus in three dimensions using a galvano-scanner and a micropositioning system. Ormocer(R) surfaces fabricated using two photon induced polymerization demonstrated acceptable cell viability and cell growth profiles against B35 neuroblast-like cells and HT 1080 epithelial-like cells. Lego(R)-like interlocking tissue engineering scaffolds and microneedle arrays with unique geometries were created using two photon induced polymerization. These results suggest that two photon induced polymerization is able to create medical microdevices with a larger range of sizes, shapes, and materials than chemical isotropic etching, injection molding.. reactive ion etching, surface micromachining, bulk micromachining, polysilicon micrornolding, lithography-electroforming-replication, or other conventional microfabrication techniques. (C) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Chichkov, Boris/M-4112-2015 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; NR 29 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 10 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.01.004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 037BC UT WOS:000237120700003 PM 16701886 ER PT J AU Talaat, M Kandeel, A Rasslan, O Hajjeh, R Hallaj, Z El-Sayed, N Mahoney, FJ AF Talaat, M Kandeel, A Rasslan, O Hajjeh, R Hallaj, Z El-Sayed, N Mahoney, FJ TI Evolution of infection control in Egypt: Achievements and challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; EXCESS LENGTH; RISK-FACTORS; EXTRA COSTS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; WORKERS AB Background: The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt highlighted the urgent need for implementing infection control (IC) programs in Egypt. Objectives: The Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), in collaboration with the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3. and the World Health Organization (WHO), developed a national plan to initiate an IC program with the objectives of improving quality of care and reducing transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: The strategic plan for this program included setting up an organizational structure, developing IC national guidelines, training health care workers, promoting occupational safety, and establishing a system for monitoring and evaluation. Implementation of the program started in late 2001. Results: The achievements to date include developing a national organizational structure, IC guidelines, and a comprehensive IC training program. To date, a total of 72 hospitals in 13 governorates have been enrolled in the program, and 235 IC professionals have been trained. Conclusions: Many challenges were faced, including administrative, financial, and motivational difficulties. Future plans include expansion of the program to cover all 27 governorates of Egypt and establishment of a surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections. The process of developing the IC program in Egypt may serve as a model for other resource-limited countries that seek to initiate similar programs. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Infect Control Unit, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Talaat, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Infect Control Unit, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM talaatm@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 042HO UT WOS:000237519100007 PM 16679176 ER PT J AU Schroder, DI Provencher, MT Mologne, TS Muldoon, MP Cox, JS AF Schroder, DI Provencher, MT Mologne, TS Muldoon, MP Cox, JS TI The modified Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability - 26-year outcomes in naval academy midshipmen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shoulder instability; Bristow-Latarjet; nonanatomical repair; shoulder function indices ID RECURRENT DISLOCATION; LATARJET PROCEDURE; CORACOID TRANSFER; BANKART; REPAIRS; TRANSPLANTATION; SUBLUXATION; OPERATION; FAILURE; BONE AB Background: Many procedures have been proposed for the correction of anterior shoulder instability. Some of these procedures address the problem anatomically, such as the Bankart procedure, and some prevent instability nonanatomically, such as the Bristow-Latarjet procedure. A modified Bristow procedure was the procedure of choice for anterior shoulder instability among midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy from 1975 to 1979. Hypothesis: The modified Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability provides good shoulder function and stability in the long term. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: There were 52 shoulders in 49 patients reviewed at a mean follow-up of 26.4 years. The Rowe score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index were used to assess outcomes. Results: The mean Rowe score was 81.8 (range, 5-100), and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 82.9 (range, 30-100), with an overall Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation of 71.2% (37 of 52 shoulders) rated as good and excellent. The mean Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index was 376 of 2100 (range, 0-1560). Overall, recurrent instability occurred in 8 of 52 shoulders (15.4%), with recurrent dislocation in 5 shoulders (9.6%) and recurrent subluxation in 3 shoulders (5.8%). The mean time to recurrent dislocation was 7.0 years. Conclusion: This study represents the longest follow-up in the literature of the modified Bristow procedure. The authors have shown nearly 70% good and excellent results and recurrent instability comparable with other long-term follow-up studies of open instability procedures. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Orthopaed Shoulder & Knee Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Schroder, DI (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Orthopaed Shoulder & Knee Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM dtschroder@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 778 EP 786 DI 10.1177/0363546505282618 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 036OK UT WOS:000237083500010 PM 16399933 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Smith, TC Smith, B Wang, LZ Hansen, CJ Goldfinger, WE Corbeil, TE Spooner, CN Ryan, MAK AF Wells, TS Smith, TC Smith, B Wang, LZ Hansen, CJ Goldfinger, WE Corbeil, TE Spooner, CN Ryan, MAK TI Mefloquine use and hospitalizations among us service members, 2002-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACUTE-PSYCHOSIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; PROGUANIL; SOLDIERS AB The safety of mefloquine has not been well described in military populations. This study used standard military databases for mefloquine prescriptions and hospitalizations to investigate mefloquine safety among US service members from 2002 through 2004. Mefloquine-prescribed and deployed personnel (N = 8,858) were compared with two reference groups. The reference groups comprised US service members who were not prescribed mefloquine and resided in Europe or Japan (N = 156,203) or had been otherwise deployed (N = 232,381). In comparison with active-duty US service members residing in Europe or Japan, mefloquine-prescribed service members were at statistically significant decreased hazard for any-cause hospitalization, as well as diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue diseases, injuries and poisonings, ill-defined conditions, and mood disorders. These results suggest there is no association between mefloquine prescriptions and severe health effects, as measured by hospitalizations, across a wide range of outcomes. C1 USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 744 EP 749 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100010 PM 16687673 ER PT J AU Annis, DH Wu, SS AF Annis, DH Wu, SS TI A comparison of potential playoff systems for NCAA I-A football SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE paired comparisons; seeding; tournament ID BCS CHALLENGE; KNOCKOUT TOURNAMENT AB This article discusses the properties of various knockout tournament designs and presents theoretical results. Potential playoff schemes for Division I-A football are examined via simulation studies. Several metrics are used to assess the relative merits of playoff scenarios, which differ ill number, selection, and seeding of playoff teams. Most suggest that college football would benefit from a limited playoff system. Interestingly, for the class of playoff systems examined, the number of teams influences the performance far more than does the seeding procedure. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Annis, DH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM annis@nps.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1198/000313006X107577 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 038CO UT WOS:000237196200007 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Terray, A Leski, TA Arnold, J Stroud, R AF Hart, SJ Terray, A Leski, TA Arnold, J Stroud, R TI Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; MOLECULES; DEVICES; CEREUS AB A significant difference between two closely related Bacillus spores has been discovered using optical chromatography. This difference can be harnessed for the separation of microscopic particles using opposing laser and fluid flow forces. Particles of different size, composition, and shape experience different optical and fluid forces and come to rest at unique equilibrium positions where the two forces balance. Separations in excess of 600 mu m have been observed between Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain and its genetic relative, Bacillus thuringiensis. These findings open new possibilities for detection and characterization of the biological warfare agent, B. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, the deadly mammalian disease. The large optical separation between these species is surprising given their close genetic relationship but may be explained by differences in their shape and exosporium morphology, which may result in differences in fluid drag force. The observation of large differences due to less common variables indicates the complex nature of the force balance in optical chromatography, which may in the future be used to separate and characterize microbiological samples. In general, the discovery of such large differences between such closely related biological species suggests new possibilities for the separation and characterization of microorganisms using the full range of emerging techniques that employ radiation pressure (optical filtering, laser tweezers, optical chromatography, etc.). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 9 BP 3221 EP 3225 DI 10.1021/ac05222lz PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 041KZ UT WOS:000237456400052 PM 16643018 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Tanen, DA AF Matteucci, MJ Tanen, DA TI Response to: To dive or not to dive? Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to prevent neurologic sequelae in patients acutely poisoned with carbon monoxide SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 504 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.11.047 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 037QV UT WOS:000237162900024 PM 16631992 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Zhu, KM Levin, LI Gorham, E Levine, RS Shah, M Potter, J AF Wu, HY Zhu, KM Levin, LI Gorham, E Levine, RS Shah, M Potter, J TI Self-reported hepatitis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An analysis according to the time since hepatitis diagnosis SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-Hodgkin lymphoma; risk factors; hepatitis; case-control study ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; MEDICAL HISTORY; CLASSIFICATION; PREVALENCE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CANCERS AB PURPOSE: Using data from the Selected Cancers Study, the authors tested whether the association between hepatitis infection and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) varied according to the time since the diagnosis of hepatitis. METHODS: Cases were 1177 men ages 32-60 diagnosed with NHL between 1984 and 1988. Controls were men with no history of NHL who were frequency-matched to lymphoma cases by age and cancer registry (n = 1852). Interviews were conducted to collect data on risk factors including history of hepatitis. No information on types of hepatitis was obtained. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that history of hepatitis diagnosed 3 or more years prior to the reference date was not a significant risk factor for NHL (OR [odds ratio] = 0.92, 95% Cl: 0.63-1.35). In contrast, men with a history of hepatitis diagnosed within 3 years prior to the diagnosis date had more than a five-fold increased risk of NHL (OR = 5.77, 95% CL 1.99-16.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was limited by lack of information on different types of hepatitis, the increased OR for hepatitis diagnosed more closely to the NHL diagnosis suggests that the reported association between hepatitis and NHL might partly result from increased detection of NHL in patients with recently reported hepatitis virus infection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Natl Ctr Primary Care, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Wu, HY (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW Bldg 1,Suite E-111, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Hongyu.Wu@na.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 043AG UT WOS:000237571100013 PM 16246581 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ Park, Y Muise, RR AF Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ Park, Y Muise, RR TI Application of integrated sensing and processing decision trees for target detection and localization on digital mirror array imagery SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER AB We demonstrate the applicability of integrated sensing and processing decision trees (ISPDTs) methodology to a set of digital mirror array (DMA) hyperspectral imagery. In particular, we demonstrate that ISPDTs can be used to detect and localize targets by using just a few DMA Hadamard frames, so that an entire hyperspectral data cube need not be collected to successfully perform the given task. This suggests that such an integrated sensing-processing suite may be appropriate for extremely time-sensitive pattern-recognition applications. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ctr Imaging Sci, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cep@jhu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 13 BP 3022 EP 3030 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003022 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 037JU UT WOS:000237143800018 PM 16639450 ER PT J AU Palchan, T Eisenmann, S Zigler, A Kaganovich, D Hubbard, RF Fraenkel, M Fisher, D Henis, Z AF Palchan, T Eisenmann, S Zigler, A Kaganovich, D Hubbard, RF Fraenkel, M Fisher, D Henis, Z TI All optical electron injector using an intense ultrashort pulse laser and a solid wire target SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CHANNEL; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION; BEAMS; ABSORPTION; GENERATION; REGIME; LIGHT; FIELD; RAMAN; WAVE AB Energetic electron bunches were generated by irradiating a solid tungsten wire 13 mu m wide with 50 femtosecond pulses at an intensity of similar to 3x10(18) W/cm(2). The electron yield, energy spectrum and angular distribution were measured. These energetic electron bunches are suitable for injection into a laser driven plasma accelerator. An all-optical electron injector based on this approach could simplify timing and alignment in future laser-plasma accelerator experiments. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, Jerusalem, Israel. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Soreq NRC, Plasma Phys Dept, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. RP Palchan, T (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, Jerusalem, Israel. EM talap@phys.huji.ac.il RI Eisenmann, Shmuel/F-2624-2010; zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2157-6 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 032CE UT WOS:000236750700010 ER PT J AU Kurtz, CA Bonner, KF Sekiya, JK AF Kurtz, CA Bonner, KF Sekiya, JK TI Meniscus transplantation using the femoral distractor SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE meniscus transplantation; allograft; surgical techniques ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; FOLLOW-UP; REPLACEMENT; REPAIR; KNEE AB Accurate tunnel placement, graft passage, and secure suture fixation are key elements in meniscus allograft transplantation. We describe the use of a femoral distractor in meniscus transplantation. Joint distraction on the side of the transplantation by the femoral distractor can dramatically improve visibility and joint access. The distractor is applied after all necessary preparatory work. The distal femoral pin is placed in the supracondylar region on the side corresponding to the side to be transplanted. To avoid in injury to the peroneal nerve, the proximal tibial pin is placed medial to lateral for both medial and lateral transplantations. The tibial pin is placed at a level approximately 1 to 2 cm below the tibial tubercle. The knee is then held in the flexion angle that affords the best visualization arthroscopically (typically between 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion). Gradual distraction is, then applied with the distraction rod until adequate visualization is obtained. The case then proceeds with tunnel Or trough creation, graft delivery, and peripheral repair. The improved visualization and access provided by the femoral distractor markedly simplifies the more challenging aspects of meniscus transplantation, helping to ensure precise tunnel placement, facilitate graft passage, and aid in accurate suturing. C1 USN, Med Ctr Protsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boint & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM jsekiya@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 AR e1 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2006.01.005 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 043UN UT WOS:000237627800021 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR Johnston, KJ Thessin, RN Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Gilbreath, GC AF Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR Johnston, KJ Thessin, RN Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Gilbreath, GC TI The hyades binary theta(2) Tauri: Confronting evolutionary models with optical interferometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; stars : individual (theta(2) Tauri); techniques : interferometric ID MULTIPLE CLOSE FREQUENCIES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; HIPPARCOS PARALLAXES; OPEN CLUSTERS; STARS; ISOCHRONES; ROTATION; ORBIT; PHOTOMETRY; ANDROMEDAE AB We determine the masses and magnitude difference of the components of the Hyades spectroscopic binary theta(2) Tauri. We find that both components appear to be less massive and/or brighter than predicted from some recent evolutionary models. The rapid rotation and unknown rotational inclination of both components introduce uncertainty in their luminosities and colors, but not enough to reconcile both of them with the evolutionary models. We measured the visual orbit with the Mark III optical interferometer and the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer and combined it with the Hipparcos proper-motion-based parallax to find a total system mass Sigma M of 4.03 +/- 0.20 M-circle dot. We also combined our visual orbit with three recent spectroscopic orbits to find three spectroscopically based estimates of Sigma M and compared these to the Sigma M from the visual orbit and parallax. We chose the spectroscopic orbit that agreed best and used its mass ratio to estimate individual masses M-A,M-B of 2.15 +/- 0.12 and 1.87 +/- 0.11 M-circle dot. From the interferometry, we determine Delta m 1.13 +/- 0.05 mag across the 450-850 nm band. The parallax then implies absolute V magnitudes M-A,M-B of 0.48 +/- 0.05 and 1.61 +/- 0.06 mag. If the components are rotating near breakup velocity and seen nearly pole-on, the true luminosities may be as faint as 1.03 and 2.13 mag; even in that case, however, the secondary is too blue by similar to 0.07 mag in B-V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seabrook Engn, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. MIT, CS Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Astron Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. European So Observ, Abington, PA 19001 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; dave@mozurkewich.com; hajian.arsen@usno.navy.mil; kjj@astro.usno.navy.mil; rthessin@mit.edu; dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu; chummel@eso.org; gilbreath@nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 2643 EP 2651 DI 10.1086/501429 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KY UT WOS:000237146900026 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. XI. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL BINARIES; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS; MASSES AB The results of 1683 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over 2000 short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 805 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.'' 23 to 43.'' 34, with a median separation of 4.'' 33. This is the 11th in a series of papers presenting measurements obtained with this system and covers the period 2004 January 4-December 30. Included in these data are two older measurements whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. Two of these systems have new orbital elements, which are also presented here. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; glw@usno.navy.mil NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 2687 EP 2694 DI 10.1086/501437 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KY UT WOS:000237146900031 ER PT J AU Tycner, C Gilbreath, GC Zavala, RT Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Hajian, AR Hutter, DJ Jones, CE Pauls, TA White, NM AF Tycner, C Gilbreath, GC Zavala, RT Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Hajian, AR Hutter, DJ Jones, CE Pauls, TA White, NM TI Constraining disk parameters of Be stars using narrowband H alpha interferometry with the navy prototype optical interferometer SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (gamma Cassiopeiae, phi Persei); techniques : interferometric ID SPECTRALLY RESOLVED INTERFEROMETRY; BINARY PHI-PERSEI; GAMMA-CASSIOPEIAE; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; TERM VARIABILITY; LINE-PROFILES; ZETA-TAURI; MASS-LOSS AB Interferometric observations of two well-known Be stars, gamma Cas and phi Per, were collected and analyzed to determine the spatial characteristics of their circumstellar regions. The observations were obtained using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer equipped with custom-made narrowband filters. The filters isolate the H alpha emission line from the nearby continuum radiation, which results in an increased contrast between the interferometric signature due to the H alpha-emitting circumstellar region and the central star. Because the narrowband filters do not significantly attenuate the continuum radiation at wavelengths 50 nm or more away from the line, the interferometric signal in the H alpha channel is calibrated with respect to the continuum channels. The observations used in this study represent the highest spatial resolution measurements of the H alpha-emitting regions of Be stars obtained to date. These observations allow us to demonstrate for the first time that the intensity distribution in the circumstellar region of a Be star cannot be represented by uniform disk or ringlike structures, whereas a Gaussian intensity distribution appears to be fully consistent with our observations. C1 US Navy Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), US Navy Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tycner@nofs.navy.mil RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 2710 EP 2721 DI 10.1086/502679 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KY UT WOS:000237146900034 ER PT J AU Thernisien, AF Howard, RA AF Thernisien, AF Howard, RA TI Electron density modeling of a streamer using LASCO data of 2004 January and February SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID SOLAR CORONA; BRIGHTNESS; INVERSION; MINIMUM; IMAGES AB We present a three-dimensional reconstruction of the electron density of a streamer using a newly developed forward modeling technique. The streamer was observed by SOHO LASCO continuously at the end of 2004 January, but for this study we consider two dates, about 7 days apart. On the first day the streamer was seen "edge-on,'' in which the coronal neutral line was perpendicular to the solar limb and the overlying streamer was quite narrow. The second occurred 7 days later, when the streamer had rotated over the solar pole, and the streamer was now seen "face-on.'' At this time the neutral line was parallel to the polar limb. Using electron density inversion techniques, we have determined the density profiles characterizing the length and thickness of the streamer. Those density profiles were used to refine a three-dimensional model of the streamer belt, approximated by a Gaussian slab. We find good agreement of the radial profile with previous streamer models, but we find that the electron density can vary by 1 order of magnitude within the streamer structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Thernisien, AF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7663,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arnaud.thernisien@nrl.navy.mil; russell.howard@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1086/500818 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600045 ER PT J AU Krall, J Yurchyshyn, VB Slinker, S Skoug, RM Chen, J AF Krall, J Yurchyshyn, VB Slinker, S Skoug, RM Chen, J TI Flux rope model of the 2003 October 28-30 coronal mass ejection and interplanetary coronal mass ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; SPEED SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MAGNETOSPHERIC MHD; SIMULATION; FIELDS; ACCELERATION; LASCO; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM AB A numerical model of an erupting solar flux rope is shown to reproduce both quantitative near-Sun properties of the 2003 October 28 coronal mass ejection and the timing, strength, and orientation of the fields measured in situ at 1 AU. Using a simple erupting flux rope model, we determine the best-fit parameters for this event. Our analysis shows that the orientation of the magnetic axis of the flux rope in this case rotates smoothly through approximately 50 degrees as the flux rope apex expands from the solar surface to 1 AU. Using a global magnetospheric simulation code, we further show that the resulting model solar wind properties at 1 AU produce a magnetospheric response comparable to that computed using the actual solar wind data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR I, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1086/500822 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600047 ER PT J AU Spadaro, D Lanza, AF Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK AF Spadaro, D Lanza, AF Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK TI A transient heating model for the structure and dynamics of the solar transition region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; AB-INITIO APPROACH; CORONAL LOOPS; QUIET-SUN; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; DOPPLER SHIFTS; ACTIVE-REGION; PROMINENCE CONDENSATIONS; SUMER OBSERVATIONS AB Understanding the structure and dynamics of the Sun's transition region has been a major challenge to scientists since the Skylab era. In particular, the characteristic shape of the emission measure distribution and the Doppler shifts observed in EUV emission lines have thus far resisted all theoretical and modeling efforts to explain their origin. Recent observational advances have revealed a wealth of dynamic fine-scale structure at transition-region temperatures, validating earlier theories about the existence of such cool structure and explaining in part why static models focusing solely on hot, large-scale loops could not match observed conditions. In response to this newly confirmed picture, we have investigated numerically the hydrodynamic behavior of small, cool magnetic loops undergoing transient heating spatially localized near the chromospheric footpoints. For the first time we have successfully reproduced both the observed emission measure distribution over the entire range log T 4: 7 6: 1 and the observed temperature dependence of the persistent redshifts. The closest agreement between simulations and observations is obtained with heating timescales of the order of 20 s every 100 s, a length scale of the order of 1 Mm, and energy deposition within the typical range of nanoflares. We conclude that small, cool structures can indeed producemost of the quiet solar EUV output at temperatures below 1 MK. C1 Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM dspadaro@ct.astro.it RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Lanza, Antonino Francesco/0000-0001-5928-7251 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1086/500963 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600051 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Cohen, AS Kassim, NE Perley, RA Erickson, WC Carilli, CL Crane, PC AF Lazio, TJW Cohen, AS Kassim, NE Perley, RA Erickson, WC Carilli, CL Crane, PC TI Cygnus A: A long-wavelength resolution of the hot spots SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Cygnus A); radio continuum : galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; SPECTRUM; GALAXY AB This Letter presents observations of Cygnus A at 74 and 327 MHz at angular resolutions of approximately 10" and 3", respectively. These observations are among the highest angular resolutions obtained below 1000 MHz for this object. While the angular resolution at 74 MHz is not sufficient to separate clearly the hot spots from the lobes, guided by 151 and 327 MHz images, we have estimated the 74 MHz emission from the hot spots. We confirm that the emission from both the western and eastern hot spots flattens at low frequencies and that there is a spectral asymmetry between the two. For the eastern hot spot, a low-energy cutoff in the electron energy spectrum appears to explain the flattening, which implies a cutoff Lorentz factor gamma(min) approximate to 300, although we cannot exclude the possibility that there might be a moderate level of free-free absorption. For the western hot spot, the current observations are not sufficient to distinguish between a free-free absorbed power-law spectrum and a synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Bruny Isl Radio Spectrometer, Lunawanna, Tas 7150, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; rperley@nrao.edu; ccarilli@nrao.edu; patrick.crane@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/504408 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GK UT WOS:000237206900009 ER PT J AU Schmitt, HR Calzetti, D Armus, L Giavalisco, M Heckman, TM Kennicutt, RC Leitherer, C Meurer, GR AF Schmitt, HR Calzetti, D Armus, L Giavalisco, M Heckman, TM Kennicutt, RC Leitherer, C Meurer, GR TI Multiwavelength star formation indicators: Observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; stars : formation; ultraviolet : galaxies ID NRAO PMN SURVEYS; INFRARED SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; RADIO-CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; LOCAL STARBURST GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SOURCE CATALOG AB We present a compilation of multiwavelength data on different star formation indicators for a sample of nearby star forming galaxies. Here we discuss the observations, reductions and measurements of ultraviolet images obtained with STIS on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), ground-based H alpha, and VLA 8.46 GHz radio images. These observations are complemented with infrared fluxes, as well as large-aperture optical, radio, and ultraviolet data from the literature. This database will be used in a forthcoming paper to compare star formation rates at different wave bands. We also present spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for those galaxies with at least one far-infrared measurements from ISO, longward of 100 mu m. These SEDs are divided in two groups, those that are dominated by the far-infrared emission, and those for which the contribution from the far-infrared and optical emission is comparable. These SEDs are useful tools to study the properties of high-redshift galaxies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 84 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 52 EP 80 DI 10.1086/501529 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039JD UT WOS:000237300900003 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Warren, HP AF Brooks, DH Warren, HP TI The intercalibration of SOHO EIT, CDS-NIS, and TRACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; EMISSION MEASURE STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-REGION SPECTRUM; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; INNER SOLAR CORONA; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET-SUN; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IONIZATION BALANCE AB Using coordinated observations of a quiet coronal region, we study the intercalibration of the CDS and EIT instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). We derive the differential emission measure (DEM) distribution from CDS spectral line intensities and convolve it with EIT and TRACE temperature response functions, calculated with the latest atomic data from the CHIANTI database, to predict count rates in their observing channels. We examine different analysis methods and briefly discuss some more advanced aspects of atomic modeling such as the density dependence of the ionization fractions. We investigate the implications for our study using data from the ADAS database. We find that our CDS DEM can predict the TRACE and EIT 171 and 1958 channel count rates to within 25%. However, the accuracy of the predictions depends on the ionization fractions and elemental abundances used. The TRACE 284 angstrom and EIT 284 and 304 angstrom filter predictions do not agree well with the observations, even after taking the contribution from the optically thick He II 304 angstrom line to the TRACE 284 angstrom channel into account. The different CDS DEM solutions we derive using different ionization fractions produce fairly similar results: the majority of the CDS line intensities used are reproduced to within 20% with only around one-fifth reproduced to worse than 50%. However, the comparison provides us with further clues with which to explain the discrepancies found for some lines, and highlights the need for accurate equilibrium ionization balance calculations even at low density. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 202 EP 214 DI 10.1086/500970 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039JD UT WOS:000237300900010 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ar XI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID COLLISION STRENGTHS; EMISSION-LINES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; GROUND CONFIGURATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; NI-XXI; IONS; TRANSITIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ar XI. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), 2p(6), 2s(2)2p(3)3s, 2s(2)2p(3)3p, and 2s(2)2P(3)3d giving rise to 86 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 Ry) in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-c (K) = 6.3, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ar XI. Relative and absolute spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAY PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3 BP 305 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.01.002 PG 70 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 043XW UT WOS:000237637300001 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Maloney, ME Mathias, BJ Pietrow, PK Preminger, GM AF Auge, BK Maloney, ME Mathias, BJ Pietrow, PK Preminger, GM TI Metabolic abnormalities associated with calyceal diverticular stones SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE nephrolithiasis; kidney; diverticulum; calculus; renal ID URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION; SYMPTOMATIC CALICEAL DIVERTICULA; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; AMBULATORY EVALUATION; RENAL-CALCULI; RISK-FACTORS; MANAGEMENT; NEPHROLITHIASIS; URETEROSCOPY; LITHOTRIPSY AB OBJECTIVE To review the metabolic analyses of patients with calyceal diverticular stones who had surgical treatment of their calculi and to examine the effect of selective medical therapy on stone recurrence, as recent reports suggest that metabolic abnormalities contribute to stone development. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 37 patients who had endoscopic treatment of symptomatic calyceal diverticular calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Stone composition and initial 24-h urine collections (24-h urinary volumes, pH, calcium, sodium, uric acid, oxalate, citrate, and the number of abnormalities/patient per collection) were compared with 20 randomly selected stone-forming patients (controls) with no known anatomical abnormalities. Stone formation rates before and after the start of medical therapy were calculated in the patients available for follow-up. RESULTS Twelve of the diverticulum patients (five men and seven women) had complete 24-h urine collections, all of whom had at least one metabolic abnormality. Seven patients had hypercalciuria, four had hyperuricosuria and three had mild hyperoxaluria. The most common abnormality was a low urine volume; 11 of the 12 patients had urine volumes of < 2000 mL/day (range 350-1950). Ten patients had hypocitraturia in at least one of the two 24-h urine samples; seven had low urinary citrate levels (172-553 mg/day) on both Samples. The findings were similar in the control group. The diverticulum patients had 3.1 abnormalities/patient, and the controls had 2.9 abnormalities/patient (P > 0.05). No patients had gouty diathesis and none developed cystine stones. Stone analyses were similar in the two groups; both developed either calcium oxalate or mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate stones. Six patients were followed for a mean of 23.1 months while on selective medical therapy; only one passed any additional stones, thought to be existing calculi, for a remission rate of five of six (83%). CONCLUSIONS All patients with symptomatic calyceal diverticular stones who had comprehensive metabolic evaluation had metabolic abnormalities. There were similar abnormalities in the control random stone-formers. The abnormalities were corrected with selective medical therapy, as shown by the high remission rate. We recommend that, for patients with symptomatic calyceal diverticular calculi, a metabolic evaluation should be considered to determine stone forming risk factors. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol,Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol,Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Box 3167,Rm 1572D White Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM glenn.preminger@duke.edu RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06134.x PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 042VJ UT WOS:000237558400033 PM 16643491 ER PT J AU Drake, AI McDonald, EC Magnus, NE Gray, N Gottshall, K AF Drake, AI McDonald, EC Magnus, NE Gray, N Gottshall, K TI Utility of Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended in symptom prediction following mild traumatic brain injury SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended; GSC-E; PTA; mild TBI; SAC; concussion ID MODERATE HEAD-INJURY; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; UNITED-STATES; DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS; POSTTRAUMATIC AMNESIA; CONCUSSION; SENSITIVITY; INVENTORY; SPORTS AB Study objective: To examine the efficacy of the Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended (GCS-E) for the prediction of symptoms commonly associated with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Three hundred and sixty-one participants with a mild TBI were evaluated using the GCS-E and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion. A sub-group of 185 participants took part in a more extensive evaluation, which also included measures of depression and vestibular symptoms. All participants had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, but experienced varying lengths of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) as measured by the GCS-E. Results: Use of the GCS-E for assessment of PTA duration revealed that longer lengths of amnesia following mild TBI were associated with greater incidence of dizziness, depression and cognitive impairments during the first weeks after injury. Conclusion: Results suggest that the GCS-E is a useful tool for the prediction of symptoms associated with mild TBI. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gray, N (reprint author), 2464 DEN St, St Augustine, FL 32092 USA. EM nparimucha@hotmail.com NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1080/02699050600676370 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 045GO UT WOS:000237730800003 PM 16716993 ER PT J AU Prins, EM Velden, CS Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Daniels, JM Dittberner, GJ Holmlund, K Hood, RE Laing, AG Nasiri, SL Puschell, JJ Shepherd, JM Zapotocny, JV AF Prins, Elaine M. Velden, Christopher S. Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Turk, F. Joseph Daniels, Jaime M. Dittberner, Gerald J. Holmlund, Kenneth Hood, Robbie E. Laing, Arlene G. Nasiri, Shaima L. Puschell, Jeffery J. Shepherd, J. Marshall Zapotocny, John V. TI 13TH AMS Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD USA. EUMETSTAT, Darmstadt, Germany. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Santa Barbara Remote Sensing, Raytheon Elect Syst, Goleta, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Prins, EM (reprint author), 17207 Alexandra Way, Grass Valley, CA USA. EM elaine.prins@ssec.wisc.edu RI Nasiri, Shaima/C-8044-2011; Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011 OI Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 5 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-5-633 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047JP UT WOS:000237875900023 ER PT J AU Turk, J Bauer, P AF Turk, J Bauer, P TI The International Precipitation Working Group and its role in the improvement of quantitative precipitation measurements SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Turk, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 5 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-5-643 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047JP UT WOS:000237875900025 ER PT J AU Ludwig, B Han, T Amundson, D AF Ludwig, Bruce Han, Tony Amundson, Dennis TI Postthrombotic syndrome complicating a case of May-Thurner syndrome despite endovascular therapy - Case report and review SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE Cockett syndrome; iliac compression syndrome; May-Thurner syndrome; venous thrombosis ID ILIAC COMPRESSION SYNDROME; VEIN COMPRESSION; THROMBOSIS; MANAGEMENT AB External compression of the left iliac vein is a common finding in the general population. It may predispose patients to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the left leg and may also lead to a more complicated course than in other types of DVT. This entity has been well-described by other authors. External compression of the left iliac vein should be suspected in cases of complicated DVT or in cases of DVT with no predisposing factors. We describe a case of May-Thurner syndrome that involved a complicated treatment course, and a review of current options for diagnosis and therapy. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pulm Med, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ludwig, B (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pulm Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM BBLudwig@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2006 VL 129 IS 5 BP 1382 EP 1386 DI 10.1378/chest.129.5.1382 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 043RE UT WOS:000237618400038 PM 16685033 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Dunham, R AF Denning, PJ Dunham, R TI Innovation as language action - By learning seven foundational practices, anyone can become a skillful innovator. SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superiority, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superiority, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; bdunham@enterpriseperform.com NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1145/1125944.1125974 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 041PW UT WOS:000237469100015 ER PT J AU Ponganis, PJ Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Baranov, EA AF Ponganis, PJ Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Baranov, EA TI Cardiac output and muscle blood flow during rest-associated apneas of elephant seals SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apnea; cardiac output; heart rate; laser Doppler flow; muscle; seal; stroke volume; temperature ID LASER-DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; HARBOR SEAL; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; MINIATURE SWINE; STROKE VOLUME; HEART-RATE; PUPS; CIRCULATION; RESPONSES AB In order to evaluate hemodynamics and blood flow during rest-associated apnea in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), cardiac outputs (CO, thermodilution), heart rates (HR), and muscle blood flow (MBF, laser Doppler flowmetry) were measured.. Mean apneic COs and HRs of three seals were 46% and 39% less than eupneic values, respectively (2.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.1 mL kg(-1) s(-1), and 54 6 vs. 89 14 beats min(-1)). The mean apneic stroke volume (SV) was not significantly different from the eupneic value (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.5 mL kg(-1)). Mean apneic MBF of three seals was 51% of the eupneic value. The decline in MBF during apnea was gradual, and variable in both rate and magnitude. In contrast to values previously documented in seals during forced submersions (FS), CO and SV during rest-associated apneas were maintained at levels characteristic of previously published values in similarly-sized terrestrial mammals at rest. Apneic COs of such magnitude and incomplete muscle ischemia during the apnea suggest that (1) most organs are not ischemic during rest-associated apneas, (2) the blood O-2 depletion rate is greater during rest-associated apneas than during FS, and (3) the blood O-2 store is not completely isolated from muscle during rest-associated apneas. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Siberian Div, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 046UG UT WOS:000237836000014 PM 16574449 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Arnaud, F Dong, F Philbin, N Rice, J Asher, L Arrisueno, M Warndorf, M Gurney, J McGwin, G Kaplan, L Flournoy, WS Apple, FS Pearce, LB Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Johnson, T Arnaud, F Dong, F Philbin, N Rice, J Asher, L Arrisueno, M Warndorf, M Gurney, J McGwin, G Kaplan, L Flournoy, WS Apple, FS Pearce, LB Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D TI Bovine polymerized hemoglobin (hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201) resuscitation in three swine models of hemorrhagic shock with militarily relevant delayed evacuation - Effects on histopathology and organ function SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier; HBOC-201; hemorrhagic shock; resuscitation; histopathology; organ function ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; MYOCARDIAL LESIONS; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TRAUMA SYSTEM; LIVER-INJURY; VOLUME RESUSCITATION; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; HETASTARCH HEX; HBOC-201; DOGS AB Objective: To test our hypothesis that hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC)-201 resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock (HS) will not lead to increased organ injury and dysfunction. Design: Three swine HS models simulating military-relevant delayed evacuation: a) moderate controlled HS, b) severe controlled HS, and c) severe uncontrolled HS. Setting: Military research laboratory. Subjects: Swine. Interventions: Swine were anesthetized/intubated and instrumented. To induce HS, in two controlled hemorrhage experiments, 40% (moderate controlled HS) or 55% (severe controlled HS) of blood volume was withdrawn; in an uncontrolled HS experiment, the liver was crushed/lacerated. During a 4-hr "prehospital phase," pigs were resuscitated with HBOC-201 (HBOC) or Hextend (HEX) or were non-resuscitated (NON). Upon "hospital arrival," liver injury was repaired (severe uncontrolled HS), blood or saline was infused, hemodynamics were monitored, and blood was collected. Upon animal death and/or 72 hrs, necropsy was followed by histopathologic evaluation of organ injury (hematoxylin and eosin, electron microscopy) and immunohistochemistry of oxidative potential (3-nitrotyrosine). Significance (p < .05) was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis, analysis of variance/Bonferroni, and mixed procedure tests. Measurements and Main Results: Survival was significantly higher with HBOC than HEX only with severe uncontrolled HS (p = .002). Myocardial necrosis/fibroplasia, fluid requirements, cardiac output, and cardiac enzymes were generally similar or lower in HBOC than HEX pigs, but creatine kinase-MB (but not creatine kinase-MB/creatine kinase ratio) was higher With HBOC in moderate controlled HS. Alveolar/interstitial pulmonary edema was similar with HBOC and HEX, but PO2 was higher with HBOC in severe uncontrolled HS. Jejunal villar epithelial and hepatocellular necrosis were similarly minimal to moderate in all groups. Minimal biliary changes occurred exclusively with HBOC. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were generally higher with HBOC than HEX. Mild renal papillary injury occurred more frequently with HBOC, but consistent patterns for urine output, blood ureal nitrogen, and creatinine, were not seen. The 3-nitrotyrosine staining intensity was not different. Conclusions: In comparison with hetastarch, HBOC-201 resuscitation of swine with HS increased survival (with severe HS), did not increase evidence of oxidative potential, and had histopathologic and/or functional effects on organs that were clinically equivocal (myocardium, lungs, hepatic parenchyma, jejunum, and renal cortex/medulla) and potentially adverse (hepatobiliary and renal papilla). The effects of HBOC-201-resuscitation in HS should be corroborated in controlled clinical trials. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Res Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. USN, Combat Casualty Directorates, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Res Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1474 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000215824.85190.89 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 038PV UT WOS:000237235900024 PM 16540964 ER PT J AU Healy, CP Dupree, MT Pansze, T AF Healy, CP Dupree, MT Pansze, T TI Photo quiz discussion - What is your diagnosis? Lichen amyloidosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Healy, CP (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 77 IS 5 BP 290 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 045TK UT WOS:000237765200004 PM 16776283 ER PT J AU Butterwick, KJ Bevin, AA Iyer, S AF Butterwick, KJ Bevin, AA Iyer, S TI Fat transplantation using fresh versus frozen fat: A side-by-side two-hand comparison pilot study SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND Autologous fat in both fresh and frozen forms has been used for many years as a filler for various dermatologic conditions. However, it is not clear whether fat that has been frozen survives as well as, and gives aesthetic results similar to, fresh fat. The efficacy of frozen fat has been debated in the literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical aesthetic appearance and longevity of fresh fat versus frozen fat in a side-by-side two-hand comparison in the same patient. METHODS Ten patients underwent fat augmentation on their hands, utilizing 10 cc of fresh fat in one hand and 10 cc of frozen fat in the contralateral hand within 17 days of fresh fat placement. Follow-up evaluation was conducted at 1, 3, and 5 months in a randomized, double-blind comparison study. Physician-determined aesthetic preference, prominence of veins, and depth of metacarpal spaces were evaluated. Photographs were taken of both hands during each patient follow-up visit. RESULTS All three areas of physician-assessed gradation: aesthetics, vein prominence, and depth of metacarpal space were superior for the hand injected with frozen fat at 1-, 3-, and 5-month follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study supports the use of autologous frozen fat for equivalent to improved results regarding longevity and aesthetic appearance versus fresh fat at 1, 3, and 5 months for fat augmentation of aging hands. C1 Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. Adv Dermatol & Cosmet Care, Valencia, CA USA. RP Butterwick, KJ (reprint author), Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, 7630 Fay Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM drbutterwick@spa-md.com NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32135.x PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 040ZC UT WOS:000237421300006 PM 16706758 ER PT J AU Rockabrand, DM Shaheen, HI Khalil, SB Peruski, LF Rozmajzl, PJ Savarino, SJ Monteville, MR Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Putnam, SD Sanders, JW AF Rockabrand, DM Shaheen, HI Khalil, SB Peruski, LF Rozmajzl, PJ Savarino, SJ Monteville, MR Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Putnam, SD Sanders, JW TI Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor types collected from 1997 to 2001 in US military personnel during operation Bright Star in northern Egypt SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE traveler's diarrhea; diarrhea; ETEC; CF; Egypt; military ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENTEROPATHOGENS; CIPROFLOXACIN; TRIAL AB Operation Bright Star (OBS) is a biennial, multinational exercise in Egypt involving 15 000 US troops. Consistent with past observations in deployed troops, diarrhea is the most significant cause of morbidity. Focused efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines against the most common pathogens affecting our troops. As part of these efforts, diarrhea surveillance was conducted during OBS to monitor pathogens associated with illness and to identify new vaccine targets. A retrospective review was conducted of prior studies with similar methods. Soldiers with diarrhea presenting to the OBS clinic provided a stool sample that was inoculated into Carey-Blair transport media. Within 3 days, the Cary-Blair tubes were transported to the Naval Medical Research Unit no. 3 in Cairo where bacterial culture was performed. As part of the evaluation, 5 Escherichia coli-like colonies were collected and tested for toxin production using the GMI-ELISA. Toxin-positive isolates were further tested for colonization factors (CF) by a dot-blot assay using a standardized panel of monoclonal antibodies against CFA/I, CS1-CS7, CS17, CS8 (CFA/III), CS12 (PCFO159), and CS14 (PCFO166). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was the most frequently isolated pathogen during each OBS from which data were collected. The rate of ETEC-associated diarrhea ranged from 22% to 58%. Over time, there were dramatic shifts in the frequency and distribution of CFs. Over the 5 years of study, an increasing number of ETEC isolates had no known CF identified, and in 2001, only 40% of ETEC was associated with known CFs. The most commonly identified CF was CS6. Diarrheal disease, particularly ETEC, continues to be a common malady among US military personnel deployed to Egypt. We have identified ETEC CF types, especially CS6, which should be considered potential vaccine candidates. However, despite intensive testing, CFs could not be identified in most of the ETEC isolated, highlighting the need for further studies to identify novel CFs and alternative vaccine targets. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. CDC, Lab Sect, Int Emerging Infect Program, Bangkok, Thailand. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Vaccine Res Inst GUVAX, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Rockabrand, DM (reprint author), NAMRU-3,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM rockabrandd@nmrc.navy.mil RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.12.002 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 047XA UT WOS:000237910800002 PM 16542813 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Todd, CS Bautista, CT Botros, BAE Khakimov, MM Giyasova, GM Yakubov, SK Abdulaeva, MA Saad, MD Graham, RR Carr, JK Earhart, KC AF Sanchez, JL Todd, CS Bautista, CT Botros, BAE Khakimov, MM Giyasova, GM Yakubov, SK Abdulaeva, MA Saad, MD Graham, RR Carr, JK Earhart, KC TI High HIV prevalence and risk factors among injection drug users in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2003-2004 SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 11, 2005 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res DE HIV; injection drugs; prevalence; risk factors; Uzbekistan ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION AB Objectives: To determine HIV prevalence and potential associations with sociodemographic and behavioral factors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Methods: Subjects in this cross-sectional study provided sociodemograpfiic and risk behavior data and were tested for HIV antibody with a saliva-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by saliva-based Western blot confirmation. Results: Among the 701 IDU subjects enrolled, 209 (29.8%) were diagnosed with HIV infection. HIV infection was more likely among those unemployed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.47); whose first drug of abuse was heroin (AOR=2.21) or opium poppy extract (AOR 1.61); with a prior history of hepatitis (AOR = 1.39); and those who reported never using condoms (AOR = 1.65). Independent risk factors associated with HIV infection were heroin as the first illicit drug of abuse, prior hepatitis, lack of condom use, and unemployment. Conclusions: Heroin use, sexual transmission, and high unemployment seem to play important roles in HIV transmission. Implementation of effective harm reduction strategies is critical to control the expansion of the HIV epidemic in this country as well as in this region. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Anteon Corp, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Republ Uzbekistan Ctr AIDS Prevent & Control, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. Bechtel Natl Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 321 Ballenger Ctr Dr,Suite 200, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. EM jlsanchez@anteon.com RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 82 SU 1 BP S15 EP S22 DI 10.1016/S0376-8716(06)80003-7 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 047AH UT WOS:000237851700003 PM 16769440 ER PT J AU Freier, G Wright, A Nelson, G Brenner, E Mase, S Tasker, S Matthews, KL Bohnker, BK AF Freier, G Wright, A Nelson, G Brenner, E Mase, S Tasker, S Matthews, KL Bohnker, BK TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in military recruits SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; PYRAZINAMIDE; OFLOXACIN AB We conducted a tuberculosis contact investigation for a female military recruit with an unreported history of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) and subsequent recurrence. Pertinent issues included identification of likely contacts from separate training phases, uncertainty on latent MDRTB infection treatment regimens and side effects, and subsequent dispersal of the contacts after exposure. C1 Naval Hosp, Beaufort, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), 808 Seaborn Way, Chesapeake, VA 23322 USA. EM bkbohnker@juno.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 760 EP 762 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 037ZP UT WOS:000237187200007 PM 16704832 ER PT J AU Beyler, CL Fay, T Gratkowski, M Campbell, B Hartman, JR AF Beyler, CL Fay, T Gratkowski, M Campbell, B Hartman, JR TI Ignition studies of cerium nitrate treated towels SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE self-heating; cerium nitrate; oxidizer; smoldering.; piloted ignition; hot object ignition AB This study evaluated the ignitability of cotton towel material saturated with all oxidizer solution of 0.5 N cerium nitrate in 2N nitric acid. Four types of ignition testing were performed in this work: self-heating oven tests, hot object ignition tests, radiative smoldering ignition tests, and piloted flaming ignition/burning rate tests. Results indicate that cerium nitrate significantly enhances the ignitability of the towels. Self-heating properties of cerium nitrate treated towels were measured using. the standard constant temperature oven method described by Bowes. Based upon these self-heating properties.. self-heating is not a hazard for storage scenarios other than bulk storage (depths of several meters) of cerium nitrate treated towels at room temperature. Surface ignition of hot objects was observed for object temperatures as low as 250 degrees C placed upon room temperature cerium nitrate treated towels. Ignition for hot objects buried within a pile of towels occurred for object temperatures as low as 230 degrees C. Radiant 2 heating tests of cerium nitrate treated towels showed initiation of smolder at heat fluxes as low as 3 kW/m(2) at surface temperatures as low as 175 degrees C. This compares with ordinary cellulosic materials that require 7-8 kW/m(2) heat fluxes and temperatures of 250 degrees C. All four scenarios demonstrate enhanced ignitability and burning rates of cerium nitrate treated towels. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Fire Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Beyler, CL (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, Fire Sci & Engn, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM cbeyler@haifire.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1002/fam.908 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 044XP UT WOS:000237707200003 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, S TI Keller's novel The Green Henry: A vexier play between "tranquility" and "excitement" SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA German DT Article AB Has Gottfried Keller in the novel The Green Henry (1855) subscribed to the Goethean stance of "psychological-moral stillness" that leads to acceptance into the social order? Mark Roche's claim is reevaluated in light of Heinrich Lee's demonic father figure as well as Ludwig Feuerbach's statements on religion, ethics and politics. Detailed analysis of the tension between the protagonist's desire for inner peace and inherited religiosity allows for a new understanding of his personal struggle and, more importantly, of his "puzzling" death at the end of the novel. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM guarda@usna.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV, BOX 873204, TEMPE, AZ 85287-3204 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 048HM UT WOS:000237938200002 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, DM TI New Brazilian military history. SO HAHR-HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0018-2168 J9 HAHR-HISP AM HIST R JI HAHR-Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 404 EP 406 DI 10.1215/00182168-2005-039 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 039NW UT WOS:000237313900038 ER PT J AU Mallama, A Wang, D Howard, RA AF Mallama, A Wang, D Howard, RA TI Venus phase function and forward scattering from H2SO4 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Venus; atmospheres; photometry ID MULTICOLOR PHOTOELECTRIC PHOTOMETRY; BRIGHTER PLANETS; MERCURY AB Ground-based and spacecraft photometry covering phase angles from 2 degrees to 179 degrees has been acquired in wavelength bands from blue to near infrared. An unexpected brightness surge is seen in the B and V bands when the disk of Venus is less than 2% illuminated. This excess luminosity appears to be the result of forward scattering from droplets of H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) in the high atmosphere of Venus. The fully sunlit brightness of Venus, adjusted to a distance of one AU from the Sun and observer, was found to be V = -4.38, and the corresponding geometric albedo is 67%. The phase integral is 1.35 and the resulting spherical albedo is 90%. Comparison between our data and photometry obtained over the past 50 years indicates a bias in the older photoelectric results, however atmospheric abundance variations suggest that brightness changes may have occurred too. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Raytheon Informat Solut, Upper Marlboro, MD 20774 USA. Interferometrics, Chantilly, VA 22310 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mallama, A (reprint author), Raytheon Informat Solut, 1616 McCormick Dr, Upper Marlboro, MD 20774 USA. EM anthony_mallama@raytheon.com NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2006 VL 182 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.014 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041CK UT WOS:000237430600002 ER PT J AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, DC TI LPI radar: Fact or fiction SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB LPI radar is a system that consists of a radar and ES system. Its performance depends on both components. An LPI Performance Factor is derived and applied to several examples. Operational LPI radars are described. A Digital LPI Radar Detector is described and test results presented. A recent book on LPI radar received a number of somewhat critical reviews that were published in Systems magazine [1-5]. Although these reviews made a number of excellent points, several questioned the existence of LPI radar. The objectives of this article are to provide a sound technical basis for determining LPI properties of radar, examine several radars that have LPI qualities, and then to describe a Digital LPI Radar Detector designed and tested against the PILOT Mk2 Radar. LPI Radar is a system that represents a confluence between Radar and Electronic Support (ES) technology. The objective of an LPI Radar is clear; that is, to escape detection by the ES receiver. However, the capability of the LPI Radar system depends upon the characteristics of both the Radar and ES receiver. To understand LPI radar one must first understand the nature of ES receivers. The functions performed by tactical ES receivers are immediate interception, identification, and location of both friendly and hostile emitters. Location requires interception in the emitter's sidelobes. Identification is performed by comparing the intercepted signature against the signatures contained within its threat library [6]. The metric that establishes the quality of interception is called the Probability of Intercept (POI) and is generally included in its specifications [6]. From the above discussion it is evident that radar might have LPI properties with respect to one type, but not to another type of ES system. This situation can be clarified if the claim of a radar being an LPI radar is accompanied by a description of the various types of ES systems for which this claim applies. However the LPI radar can never completely escape detection since there is always a minimum range (R-ES) between the ES system and radar where the interception receiver detection threshold is exceeded. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Camano Isl, WA 98282 USA. RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 185 Chick Rd, Camano Isl, WA 98282 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1109/MAES.2006.1635166 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 047AC UT WOS:000237851200001 ER PT J AU Kolsch, M Bane, R Hollerer, T Turk, M AF Kolsch, M Bane, R Hollerer, T Turk, M TI Multimodal interaction with a wearable augmented reality system SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Microsoft Corp, Windows Live Mobile Team, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Media Arts & Technol Grad Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Eyes Lab 4, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kolsch@nps.edu; rbane@microsoft.com; holl@cs.ucsb.edu; mturk@cs.ucsb.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1109/MCG.2006.66 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 037FY UT WOS:000237133700010 PM 16711218 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Yu, RH Jin, N Park, SY Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Chung, SY Yu, RH Jin, N Park, SY Berger, PR Thompson, PE TI Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode with f(r0) 20.2 GHz and peak current density 218 kA/cm(2) for K-band mixed-signal applications SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave diodes; microwave oscillators; negative resistance devices; resonant tunneling diodes; semiconductor epitaxial layers; silicon alloys ID PERFORMANCE AB This letter presents the room-ternperature high frequency operation of Si/SiGe-based resonant interband tunnel diodes that were fabricated by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. The resulting devices show a resistive cutoff frequency f(r)o of 20.2 GHz with a peak current density of 218 kA/cm(2), a speed index of 35.9 mV/ps, and a peak-to-valley current ratio of 1.47. A specific contact resistivity of 5.3 x 10(-7) Omega (.) cm(2) extracted from RF measurements was achieved by Ni silicidation through a P delta-doped quantum well by rapid thermal sintering at 430 degrees C for 30 s. The resulting devices are very good candidates for RF high-power mixed-signal applications. The device structures presented here are compatible with a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor or heterojunction bipolar transistor process. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1109/LED.2006.873379 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 043LJ UT WOS:000237602300018 ER PT J AU Hamlett, NA Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Hamlett, NA Wasylkiwskyj, W TI A performance baseline for the convergence of electromagnetic integral-equation calculations using pulse functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE admittance matrix; aperture antennas; apertures; electromagnetic modeling; error analysis; integral equations; method of moments (MoM); waveguide antennas ID RECTANGULAR APERTURE; CHARACTERISTIC MODES; GREEN-FUNCTION; MOMENT METHOD; SINGULARITY; CYLINDER; ADMITTANCE AB A parametric study characterizes the residual errors associated with calculating electromagnetic integral equations using pulse-function expansions. To accomplish this, the integral equations are first reduced to straightforwardly computable convergent integrals of one variable. Pulse-function expansions then lead to approximations based on admittance matrices. Construction of the admittances is an order-N operation. Explicitly quantified, contributions by integrand singularities become dominant error contributors if not judiciously treated. For both parallel-plate and rectangular TEz-mode waveguides, at most thirteen samples per waveguide-mode half-cycle are sufficient to produce magnitude-residual errors that are less than one percent of the calculated quantity. C1 USN, NMCI, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Hamlett, NA (reprint author), USN, NMCI, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM hamlettn@earthlink.net; wasylkiw@gwu.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1523 EP 1537 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.872598 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 043LS UT WOS:000237603200020 ER PT J AU Ekstrom, CR Koppang, PA AF Ekstrom, CR Koppang, PA TI Error bars for three-cornered hats SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB The three-cornered hat is a procedure for extracting the stabilities of three clocks when the only available data is the time or frequency differences between the clocks. To our knowledge, there has been no method of determining a confidence interval for such a stability estimate. In this paper, we present a method for determining the number of degrees of freedom of the estimate, which allows the assignment of a confidence interval to a three-cornered hat stability estimate. We also investigate using the total variance and biases involved. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ekstrom, CR (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM ekstrom@atom.usno.navy.mil NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 876 EP 879 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1632679 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 040HM UT WOS:000237369600007 PM 16764443 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Breazeale, MA AF Huang, DH Breazeale, MA TI An ultrasonic Gaussian transducer and its diffraction field: Theory and practice SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BEAM AB In this paper, the authors present a novel way to describe the diffraction field for a Gaussian source, which becomes a Gaussian itself. It is described by the Rayleigh surface integral based on the Huygens' theorem. The derivation does not require the parabolic approximation used by previous authors. An improved spherical button Gaussian transducer design also is presented to verify the theory. A theoretical principle of this design based on electromagnetic theory is developed. Both megahertz and kilohertz experimental results show that the sound fields generated by Gaussian transducers of this design agree very well with the theoretical predictions. C1 USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAY PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1027 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1632691 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 040HM UT WOS:000237369600019 PM 16764455 ER PT J AU Niewoehner, RJ AF Niewoehner, RJ TI Refining satellite methods for pitot-static calibration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Niewoehner, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd,Code 11B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.2514/1.18976 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 058NA UT WOS:000238670500034 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. TI Stokes mechanism of drag reduction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, JSME ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPANWISE OSCILLATIONS; FLOWS AB The mechanism of drag reduction dive to spanwise wall oscillation in a turbulent boundary layer is considered. Published measurements and simulation data are analyzed in light of Stokes' second problem. A kinematic vorticity reorientation hypothesis of drag reduction is first developed. It is shown that spanwise oscillation seeds the near-wall region with oblique and skewed Stokes vorticity waves. They are attached to the wall and gradually align to the freestream direction away from it. The resulting Stokes layer has cm attenuated nature compared to its laminar counterpart. The attenuation factor increases in the buffer and viscous sublayer as the wall is approached. The mean velocity profile tit the condition of maximum drag reduction is similar to that due to polymer The final mean state of maximum drag reduction due to turbulence suppression appears to he universal in nature. Finally, it is shown that the proposed kinematic drag reduction hypothesis describes the measurements significantly better than what current direct numerical simulation does. C1 USN, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM bandyopadhyaypr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1115/1.2125974 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 044ME UT WOS:000237675800018 ER PT J AU Kanipes, MI Papp-Szabo, E Guerry, P Monteir, MA AF Kanipes, MI Papp-Szabo, E Guerry, P Monteir, MA TI Mutation of waaC, encoding heptosyltransferase I in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176, affects the structure of both lipooligosaccharide and capsular carbohydrate SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; PHASE VARIATION; RFAC GENE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CLONING; BIOSYNTHESIS; VIRULENCE; CELLS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI-81-176 AB Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is composed of two covalently linked domains: lipid A, a hydrophobic anchor, and a nonrepeating core oligosaccharide, consisting of an inner and outer core region. We report the isolation and characterization of the deepest rough C.jejuni 81-176 mutant by insertional mutagenesis into the waaC gene, encoding heptosyltransferase I that catalyzes the transfer of the first L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residue to 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic residue (Kdo)-lipid A. Tricine gel electrophoresis, followed by silver staining, showed tha' site-specific mutation in the waaC gene resulted in the expression of a severely truncated LOS compared to wild-type strain 81-176. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the waaC LOS species lacked all sugars distal to Kdo-lipid A. Parallel structural studies of the capsular polysaccharides of the wild-type strain 81-476 and waaC mutant revealed loss of the 3-O-methyl group in the waaC mutant. Complementation of the C.jejuni mutant by insertion of the wild-type C.jejuni waaC gene into a chromosomal locus resulted in LOS and capsular structures identical to those expressed in the parent strain. We also report here the presence of O-methyl phosphoramidate in wild-type strain 8.1-176 capsular polysaccharide. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM guerryp@nmrc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 188 IS 9 BP 3273 EP 3279 DI 10.1128/JB.188.9.3273-3279.2006 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 037TX UT WOS:000237171200014 PM 16621820 ER PT J AU Fouts, DE Rasko, DA Cer, RZ Jiang, LX Fedorova, NB Shvartsbeyn, A Vamathevan, JJ Tallon, L Althoff, R Arbogast, TS Fadrosh, DW Read, TD Gill, SR AF Fouts, DE Rasko, DA Cer, RZ Jiang, LX Fedorova, NB Shvartsbeyn, A Vamathevan, JJ Tallon, L Althoff, R Arbogast, TS Fadrosh, DW Read, TD Gill, SR TI Sequencing Bacillus anthracis typing phages Gramma and Cherry reveals a common ancestry SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME SEQUENCE; GAMMA-PHAGE; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIOPHAGE; GENES; CEREUS; RESISTANCE; EXOSPORIUM; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS AB The genetic relatedness of the Bacillus anthracis typing phages Gamma and Cherry was determined by nucleotide sequencing and comparative analysis. The genomes of these two phages were identical except at three variable loci, which showed heterogeneity within individual lysates and among Cherry, W beta, Fah, and four Gamma bacteriophage sequences. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD 20851 USA. RP Fouts, DE (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM dfouts@tigr.org RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 188 IS 9 BP 3402 EP 3408 DI 10.1128/JB.188.9.3402-3408.2006 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 037TX UT WOS:000237171200029 PM 16621835 ER PT J AU Cook, MLH Varela, RA Goldstein, JD McCulloch, SD Bossart, GD Finneran, JJ Houser, D Mann, DA AF Cook, MLH Varela, RA Goldstein, JD McCulloch, SD Bossart, GD Finneran, JJ Houser, D Mann, DA TI Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beaked whale; Mesoplodon europaeus; hearing; auditory evoked potential; envelope following response; modulation rate transfer function ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CETACEANS; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAMS; MILITARY; STIMULI; JAW AB Several mass strandings of beaked whales have recently been correlated with military exercises involving mid-frequency sonar highlighting unknowns regarding hearing sensitivity in these species. We report the hearing abilities of a stranded juvenile beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) measured with auditory evoked potentials. The beaked whale's modulation rate transfer function (MRTF) measured with a 40-kHz carrier showed responses up to an 1,800 Hz amplitude modulation (AM) rate. The MRTF was strongest at the 1,000 and 1.200 Hz AM rates. The envelope following response (EFR) input-output functions were non-linear. The beaked whale was most sensitive to high frequency signals between 40 and 80 kHz, but produced smaller evoked potentials to 5 kHz, the lowest frequency tested. The beaked whale hearing range and sensitivity are similar to other odontocetes that have been measured. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Cook, MLH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM mhill@marine.usf.edu OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 33 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 192 IS 5 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s00359-005-0086-1 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 048KZ UT WOS:000237947300006 PM 16453118 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Manheimer, WM Streltsov, A Ganguli, G AF Lampe, M Joyce, G Manheimer, WM Streltsov, A Ganguli, G TI Quasineutral particle simulation technique for whistlers SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma simulation; particle simulation; particle-in-cell simulation; whistlers; magnetospheric plasma ID NONUNIFORM MAGNETIC-FIELD; WAVE; MAGNETOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; PLASMAS; MODEL AB We present a new hybrid fluid/PIC simulation scheme for whistlers, which eliminates both the speed-of-light time scale and the electron plasma oscillation time scale, and concentrates simulation resources on the resonant parts of electron phase space that control whistler evolution. The code runs with time steps on the order of the electron gyrofrequency, with extremely accurate energy conservation and numerical stability. Examples are shown of application to whistler instability growth and saturation, and ducting of whistlers in density channels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lampe@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 214 IS 1 BP 284 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.09.015 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 027LP UT WOS:000236417400015 ER PT J AU Chu, WS Liang, Q Tang, Y King, R Wong, K Gong, MK Wei, MQ Liu, JL Feng, SH Lo, SC Andriko, JA Orr, M AF Chu, WS Liang, Q Tang, Y King, R Wong, K Gong, MK Wei, MQ Liu, JL Feng, SH Lo, SC Andriko, JA Orr, M TI Ultrasound-accelerated tissue fixation/processing achieves superior morphology and macromolecule integrity with storage stability SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; formalin fixation; tissue processing; immunohistochemistry; RNA extraction; storage stability ID MODELING FORMALIN FIXATION; RAPID MICROWAVE FIXATION; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL; MESSENGER-RNA; FORMALDEHYDE FIXATION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; SPECIMENS; SECTIONS AB We demonstrate that high-frequency and high-intensity ultrasound (US) can be applied to both tissue fixation and tissue processing to complete the conventional overnight formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE) procedures within 1 hr. US-facilitated FFPE retains superior tissue morphology and long-term room temperature storage stability than conventional FFPE. There is less alteration of protein antigenicity after US-FFPE preservation so that rapid immunohistochemical reactions occur with higher sensitivity and intensity, reducing the need for antigen retrieval pretreatment. US-FFPE tissues present storage stability so that room temperature storage up to 7 years does not significantly affect tissue morphology, protein antigenic properties, RNA distribution, localization, and quantitation. In addition, during fixation, tissue displays physical changes that can be monitored and reflected as changes in transmission US signals. As far as we know, this is the first effort to monitor tissue physical changes during fixation. Further study of this phenomenon may provide a method to control and to monitor the level of fixation for quality controls. The mechanism of less alteration of protein antigenicity by US-FFPE was discussed. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Sci Labs, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Canc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Chu, WS (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Sci Labs, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM chu@afip.osd.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [1R21 CA-091166-01A1] NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1369/jhc.5A6802.2005 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 036UM UT WOS:000237101200002 PM 16314441 ER PT J AU Kidwell, ME AF Kidwell, ME TI Two types of amphichiral links SO JOURNAL OF KNOT THEORY AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS LA English DT Article DE component preserving amphichiral (CPA) link; component switching amphichiral (CSA) link; Conway potential function AB A two-component link with nonzero even linking number cannot be equivalent to its mirror image by an orientation preserving map that sends each component to its own mirror image. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kidwell, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mek@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2165 J9 J KNOT THEOR RAMIF JI J. Knot Theory Ramifications PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1142/S0218216506004634 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 055NH UT WOS:000238456900007 ER PT J AU Krahenbuhl, R Cole, JH Moeller, RP Howerton, MM AF Krahenbuhl, R Cole, JH Moeller, RP Howerton, MM TI High-speed optical modulator in LiNbO3 with cascaded resonant-type electrodes SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electro-optical switch; optical communication; resonant electrode; RF transmission ID PHOTONICS; LASERS AB A high-speed optical modulator with cascaded resonant-type electrodes is presented. To reduce the drive power and switch voltage V, and to maintain high-modulation efficiencies, resonant reduced-length electrode structures were cascaded and integrated on LiNbO3. Electrical power coupling into the resonators was realized by a single-input source distributed with electrical power dividers and delay lines. As a result, an optical modulator with four resonant-type cascaded electrodes was fabricated and characterized. This device, with a total active-electrode length as short as 3.4 (4 x 0.85) mm, achieved a switch efficiency V-pi center dot L of 68 V (.) min at 25 GHz at 1.55-mu m wavelength, resulting in a drive power 8.7 dB less than that required for a traveling wave modulator with the same active length. C1 HUBER & SUHNER AG, Fiber Opt Div, CH-4850 Herisau, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. VPI, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), HUBER & SUHNER AG, Fiber Opt Div, CH-4850 Herisau, Switzerland. EM RKraehnbuehl@hubersuhner.com; jim.cole@nrl.navy.mil; robert.moeller@nrl.navy.mil; howertsons@cox.net NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 24 IS 5 BP 2184 EP 2189 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.872294 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 043PQ UT WOS:000237614000027 ER PT J AU Yesinowski, JP AF Yesinowski, JP TI Magnetization-recovery experiments for static and MAS-NMR of I=3/2 nuclei SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE quadrupolar NMR; spin-lattice relaxation; magic-angle spinning; single crystal; gallium nitride ID SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; CRYSTALS; SOLIDS; SEPARATION; SPECTRA; CURVES AB Multifrequency pulsed NMR experiments on quadrupole-perturbed I = 3/2 spins in single crystals are shown to be useful for measuring spin-lattice relaxation parameters even for a mixture of quadrupolar plus magnetic relaxation mechanisms. Such measurements can then be related to other MAS-NMR experiments oil powders. This strategy is demonstrated by Studies of Ga-71 and Ga-69 (both I = 3/2) spin-lattice relaxation behavior in a single-crystal (film) sample of gallium nitride, GaN, at various orientations of the axially symmetric nuclear quadrupole Coupling tensor. Observation of apparent single-exponential relaxation behavior in I = 3/2 saturation-recovery experiments can be misleading when individual contributing rate processes are neglected in the interpretation. The quadrupolar mechanism (dominant in this Study) has both it single-quantum process (T-1Q1) and a double-quantum process (T-1Q2), whose time constants are not necessarily equal. Magnetic relaxation (in this study most likely arising from hyperfine couplings to unpaired delocalized electron spins in the conduction band) also contributes to it single-quantum process (T-1M). A strategy of multifrequency irradiation with observation of satellite and/or central transitions, incorporating different initial conditions for the level populations, provides a means of obtaining these three relaxation time constants from single-crystal Ga-71 data alone. The Ga-69 results provide a further check of internal consistency, since magnetic and quadrupolar contributions to its relaxation scale in opposite directions compared to Ga-71. For both perpendicular and parallel quadrupole Coupling tensor symmetry axis orientations small but significant differences between T-1Q1 and T-1Q2 were measured, whereas for a tensor symmetry axis oriented at the magic-angle (54.74 degrees) the values were essentially equal. Magic-angle spinning introduces a number of complications into the measurement and interpretation of the spin-lattice relaxation. Comparison of Ga-71 and Ga-69 MAS-NMR saturation-recovery curves with both central and satellite transitions completely saturated by a train of 90 degrees pulses incommensurate with the rotor period provides the simplest means of assessing the contribution from magnetic relaxation, and yields results for the quadrupolar mechanism contribution that are consistent with those obtained from the film sample. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yesinowski@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 180 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.02.004 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 035CU UT WOS:000236978400016 PM 16490373 ER PT J AU Price, RR Passaro, LC Welsh, ER AF Price, RR Passaro, LC Welsh, ER TI Emulsification preparation of chitosan-urethane microbeads in the presence of a water-soluble blocked diisocyanate, containing furanone homosyrine lactone bacterial inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE microencapsulation; emulsification; chitosan ID CROSS-LINKING AB Chitosan is an abundant naturally occurring biopolymer that is biocompatible, of low toxicity and is well suited as a carrier for a range of active agents. Restrictions imposed by this biopolymers unique solubility requirements make if difficult to process. One approach to an internal setting system is to employ the water-soluble blocked isocyanate hexamethylene-1,6-di(aminocarboxysulphonate) (HDACS) in order to cross-link the chitosan and form microspheres in situ utilizing simple emulsion systems. Chitothane microspheres are capable of delivering active agents at controlled release rates and offers a viable alternative to external set methodologies utilizing aldehydes or similar cross-linking agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6903, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rprice@cbmse.NRL.NAVY.MIL NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1080/0265204500162022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 057QY UT WOS:000238611500002 PM 16801238 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Johari-Goldstein relaxation as the origin of the excess wing observed in metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses; glass transition; mechanical; stress relaxation; viscosity and relaxation ID ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITIES; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; VISCOUS LIQUIDS; CONSTANT LOSS; TRANSITION; FORMERS; TEMPERATURE AB Measurements of the shear loss modulus G" of amorphous Zr65Al7.5Cu27.5 at 5.4 kHz were reported by Rosner, Samwer and Lunken-heimer. They observed that the measured G" are in excess of the contribution from the alpha-relaxation, indicating the existence of an 'excess wing' in amorphous metals like that found in molecular glass-formers. They speculated that the excess wing found in amorphous metal is due to the presence of an unresolved Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation. In this work, the coupling model is used to calculate the temperature T-JG, at which the JG relaxation frequency coincides with the experimental frequency of the isochronal measurement. The location of T-JG is well within the temperature range where the excess wing of Zr65Al7.5Cu27.5 appears at 5.4 kHz. Hence, the result supports the assertion of Rosner et al. that the excess wing found in the metallic glass originates from the intrinsic JG relaxation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6807, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 5 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.1.012 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 035KG UT WOS:000236999200007 ER PT J AU Back, CA Feldman, U Weaver, JL Seely, JF Constantin, C Holland, G Lee, RW Chung, HK Scott, HA AF Back, CA Feldman, U Weaver, JL Seely, JF Constantin, C Holland, G Lee, RW Chung, HK Scott, HA TI Absolute, time-resolved emission of non-LTE L-shell spectra from Ti-doped aerogels SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-LTE; Ti L-shell emission; laser-produced plasma; transmission grating; aerogel ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; CALIBRATION; FACILITY AB Outstanding discrepancies between data and calculations of laser-produced plasmas in recombination have been observed since the 1980s. Although improvements in hydrodynamic modeling may reduce the discrepancies, there are indications that non-LTE atomic kinetics may be the dominant cause. Experiments to investigate non-LTE effects were recently performed at the NIKE KrF laser on low-density Ti-doped aerogels. The laser irradiated a 2 mm diameter, cylindrical sample of various lengths with a 4-ns square pulse to create a volumetrically heated plasma. Ti L-shell spectra spanning a range of 0.47-3 keV were obtained with a transmission grating coupled to Si photodiodes. The diagnostic can be configured to provide 1-dimensional spatial resolution at a single photon energy, or 18 discrete energies with a resolving power, lambda/delta lambda of 3-20. The data are examined and compared to calculations to develop absolute emission measurements that can provide new tests of the non-LTE physics. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-21, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tinaback@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.04.014 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300003 ER PT J AU Busquet, M AF Busquet, M TI Onset of pseudo-thermal equilibrium within configurations and super-configurations SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-local thermodynamic equilibrium; populations kinetic; collisional radiative models; effective temperature; super-configurations ID LOCAL-THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; LASER-CREATED PLASMAS; TRANSITION ARRAYS; IONIZATION MODEL; SPECTRA AB Level populations within a configuration and configuration populations within super-configuration or within one ion are shown to follow a Boltzmann law at some effective temperature different from the actual electron temperature (as it would be when Griem criterion is valid). Origin of this pseudo-thermal equilibrium is discussed and basis of a model are presented. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6730,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM busquet@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.010 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300011 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, VL TI Kinetic and spectral descriptions of polarized atomic radiative emission from plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE density matrix; polarized radiative emission; atomic systems; electric and magnetic fields; coherent excitation; autoionizing states; non-equilibrium kinetics; spectral-line shapes ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SATELLITE LINES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DENSITY MATRIX; ENHANCEMENT; STATES AB A reduced-density-matrix description has been developed for the investigation of polarized radiative emission during single-photon transitions from bound and autoionizing states of ionized atomic systems in the presence of a general arrangement of static (or quasi-static) electric and magnetic fields. Particular emphasis has been given to excitation of the atomic states by electrons with an anisotropic velocity distribution, which can be produced in an electron-ion beam experiment or in a non-equilibrium plasma environment. It is desirable to consider the coherent excitation of a particular subspace of the atomic bound or autoionizing states, which can occur as a result of sufficiently intense electromagnetic interactions. A general expression for the matrix elements of the detected-photon density operator provides a unified framework for the analysis of the spectral intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the Stark-Zeeman patterns. From a unified development of time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the reduced-density-matrix approach, the non-equilibrium atomic-state kinetics and the homogeneous spectral-line shapes are self-consistently described. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390-2,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 314 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.025 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300028 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD McKenney, JL Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Davis, J Maron, Y Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Oreshkin, VI AF Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD McKenney, JL Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Davis, J Maron, Y Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Oreshkin, VI TI K-shell radiation physics in low- to moderate-atomic-number z-pinch plasmas on the Z accelerator SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Z-pinch plasma; K-shell X-ray production and spectroscopy; opacity ID OPTICALLY THICK PLASMAS; IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; ARRAY; ALUMINUM; TRANSPORT; ELEMENTS; YIELDS; DENSE AB Dense z-pinches produced by 100 ns implosions of wire arrays or gas puffs produce substantial soft X-ray power. One class of z-pinch radiation sources includes low- to moderate-atomic-number K-shell radiators, such as aluminum and iron. These loads are designed for 1-10 keV K-shell X-ray generation, and offer opportunities for crystal spectroscopy that can reveal fundamental properties of the plasma when studied using plasma spectroscopic modeling. Typically these plasmas are characterized by ion densities of similar to 10(20) cm(-3), diameters of 1-5 mm, electron temperatures up to several keV, and a range of opacities of the K-shell lines. Measurements from wire arrays on Sandia's 20 MA Z accelerator are presented along with collisional radiative and hydrodynamic simulations. The impact of opacity and 3D structure on non-LTE, non-diffusive radiation transport and X-ray production is discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.027 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300030 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Back, CA Constantin, C Lee, RW Chung, HK Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L AF Seely, JF Back, CA Constantin, C Lee, RW Chung, HK Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L TI Krypton K-shell X-ray spectra recorded by the HENEX spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectra; K-shell transitions; krypton; Laue geometry; crystal spectrometer ID LASER AB High-resolution X-ray spectra were recorded by the High-Energy Electronic X-ray (HENEX) spectrometer from a variety of targets irradiated by the Omega laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The HENEX spectrometer utilizes four reflection crystals covering the 1-20 keV energy range and one quartz(10-11) transmission crystal (Laue geometry) covering the 11-40 keV range. The time-integrated spectral images were recorded on five CMOS X-ray detectors. In the spectra recorded from krypton-filled gasbag and hohlraum targets, the helium-like K-shell transitions n = 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 appeared in the 13-17 keV energy range. A number of additional spectral features were observed at energies lower than the helium-like n = 1-3 and n = 1-4 transitions. Based on computational simulations of the spectra using the FLYCHK/FLYSPEC codes, which included opacity effects, these additional features are identified to be inner-shell transitions from the Li-like through N-like krypton charge states. The comparisons of the calculated and observed spectra indicate that these transitions are characteristic of the plasma conditions immediately after the laser pulse when the krypton density is 2 x 10(18) cm(-3) and the electron temperature is in the range 2.8-3.2 keV. These spectral features represent a new diagnostic for the charge state distribution, the density and electron temperature, and the plasma opacity. Laboratory experiments indicate that it is feasible to record K-shell spectra from gold and higher Z targets in the > 60 keV energy range using a Ge(2 2 0) transmission crystal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.046 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300049 ER PT J AU Elder, SA AF Elder, SA TI Acoustical origin of rainbands in an ideal tropical hurricane SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An acoustical model of hurricane rainband formation is proposed. Self-excited acoustic resonance inside the spinning eye produces strong azimuthal and radial standing waves. These modes can cause large temperature fluctuations about the dew point which are believed to be responsible for observed dry/wet bands in the outer storm disk. Distortion of standing, wavefronts into spirals Occurs in the transition layer region between approximately geostrophic flow inside the eyewall and irrotational flow outside. Tonal emissions from hurricane eyes should be detectable at great distances and are likely to be in a range below 0.01 Hz. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Elder, SA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2645 EP 2650 DI 10.1121/1.2181087 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 041ME UT WOS:000237459500011 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Houser, DS AF Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. TI Comparison of in-air evoked potential and underwater behavioral hearing thresholds in four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; WHALE PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; RECEIVING BEAM PATTERNS; STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; MODULATED SIGNALS; TONES; SENSITIVITY AB Traditional behavioral techniques for hearing assessment in marine mammals are limited by the time and access required to train subjects. Electrophysiological methods, where passive electrodes are used to measure auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), are attractive alternatives to behavioral techniques; however, there have been few attempts to compare AEP and behavioral results for the same subject. In this study, behavioral and AEP hearing thresholds were compared in four bottlenose dolphins. AEP thresholds were measured in-air using a piezoelectric sound projector embedded in a suction cup to deliver amplitude modulated tones to the dolphin through the lower jaw. Evoked potentials were recorded noninvasively using surface electrodes. Adaptive procedures allowed AEP hearing thresholds to be estimated front 10 to 150 kHz in a single ear in about 45 min. Behavioral thresholds were measured in a quiet pool and in San Diego Bay. AEP and behavioral threshold estimates agreed closely as to the upper cutoff frequency beyond which thresholds increased sharply. AEP thresholds were strongly correlated with pool behavioral thresholds across the range of hearing; differences between AEP and pool behavioral thresholds increased with threshold magnitude and ranged from 0 to +18 dB. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 56 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 119 IS 5 BP 3181 EP 3192 DI 10.1121/1.2180208 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 041ME UT WOS:000237459500061 PM 16708973 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Holmes, JF Leivis, D Battistella, F AF Antevil, JL Holmes, JF Leivis, D Battistella, F TI Successful anglographic embolization of bleeding into the chest wall after blunt thoracic trauma SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY C1 NMCSD, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Trauma Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Antevil, JL (reprint author), NMCSD, Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM docantevil@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1118 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000196326.38754.da PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 044NB UT WOS:000237678100041 PM 16688080 ER PT J AU Ukhanov, AA Bracker, AS Boishin, G Culbertson, JC AF Ukhanov, AA Bracker, AS Boishin, G Culbertson, JC TI Multistep fabrication of self-assembled unstrained quantum dashes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS; LASERS; LAYER; GAIN; DOT; INP AB We describe a technique for molecular-beam-epitaxy-based fabrication, of unstrained quantum dashes with AlxInyGa1-x-yAs alloys lattice matched to InP substrates. Templates for lattice-matched quantum dash growth are obtained by combining molecular beam epitaxy with in situ etching by arsenic bromide. A seed layer of strained self-assembled InAs quantum dashes is converted into nanotrench templates through overgrowth followed by strain-enhanced etching. We have explored limitations on the accessible range of alloy compositions imposed by the etch process and found that strain-induced etching is limited,to compounds with low Al content. Nanotrench templates can be filled with lattice-matched alloys of varied compositions to define barriers and quantum wires that could lead to optoelectronic devices in a spectral range around 1.5 mu m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ukhanov, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ukhanov@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1577 EP 1580 DI 10.1116/1.2197515 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000094 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Magno, R Shanabrook, BV Tischler, JG AF Glaser, E. R. Magno, R. Shanabrook, B. V. Tischler, J. G. TI Optical characterization of In0.27Ga0.73Sb and ln(x)Al(1-x)As(y)Sb(1-y) epitaxial layers for development of 6.2-angstrom-based heterojunction bipolar transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID ALLOYS AB Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) has been employed to assess the crystalline quality and obtain the band gap energies of (InAs/AlSb/GaSb) 6.2-angstrom-based ternary and quaternary epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These alloys are employed in low power, high frequency heterojunction bipolar transistors. Strong emission between 0.5 and 1.1 eV attributed to band edge recombination was observed from In0.27Ga0.73Sb and InxAl1-XAsySb1-y layers deposited on both GaSb and GaAs substrates with the best material obtained for substrate temperatures between 350 and 400 degrees C. The PL energies observed for the InAlAsSb epitaxial films are similar to 300 meV less than the band gaps predicted for this system. Most notably, a much higher bowing parameter value (similar to 1.8 eV) is required to model the dependence of the InAlAsSb PL energies on alloy composition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glaser@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1604 EP 1606 DI 10.1116/1.2192532 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000100 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI cw midinfrared "W" diode and interband cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We studied the I-V characteristics, lasing thresholds, and wall plug efficiencies of type-II "W" mid-IR diode lasers from 16 different wafers. At T=90 K, the wall plug efficiency for a 1-mm-long gain-guided device was > 10% and the slope efficiency was 142 mW/A (38% external quantum efficiency). When a 22-mu m-wide ridge was lithographically defined on a five-period W with a p-GaSb etch stop layer, the maximum cw operating temperature increased to 230K. We also investigated ten-stage interband cascade lasers containing W active quantum wells. While the low-temperature threshold current densities were somewhat higher than in the W diodes, at higher temperatures the pulsed thresholds were slightly lower. The threshold voltage was only approximate to 0.1 V larger than the photon energy multiplied by the number of stages, corresponding to a voltage efficiency of > 96%, while the differential series resistance-area product above threshold was as low as 0.21 m Omega cm(2) at 100 K. At T=78 K, the cw slope efficiency was 0.48 mW/A (126% external quantum efficiency), and a maximum cw power of 514 mW was produced by an epi-side-up-mounted 2-mm-long laser cavity with uncoated facets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM canedy@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1613 EP 1616 DI 10.1116/1.2192533 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000102 ER PT J AU Magno, R Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Champlain, JG Boos, JB Ancona, MG Campbell, PM AF Magno, R Glaser, ER Tinkham, BP Champlain, JG Boos, JB Ancona, MG Campbell, PM TI Narrow band gap InGaSb, InAlAsSb alloys for electronic devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID EPITAXY AB Solid source molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow random alloy quaternary InAlAsSb and ternary InGaSb alloys with a 6.2 angstrom lattice constant for use in electronic devices such as p-n junctions and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Several p-n hetrojunctions composed of p-type InGaSb and one of several different n-type InAlAsSb alloys have been fabricated and show good rectification with ideality factors near one. In addition; several of these alloys have been used to make an n-p-n HBT that has demonstrated a do current gain of 25. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magno@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1622 EP 1625 DI 10.1116/1.2201448 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000104 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Villalobos, G Aggarwal, ID Hewak, DW AF Frantz, JA Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Villalobos, G Aggarwal, ID Hewak, DW TI Sputtered films of Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glass SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glasses; optical materials and properties; deposition; thin films ID WAVE-GUIDES; INVERTED DEPOSITION; CHALCOGENIDE; LASER; FIBER AB Thin films of Er3+-doped gallium lanthanunn sulfide (GLS) glass were prepared by RF magnetrosputtering onto fused silica and BK7 glass substrates. The films wef characterised by use of SEM imaging, X-ray diffractometry, and energy dispersive spectrometry. They are shown to be glassy, uniform in composition , and to exhibit an RMS surface roughness of < 8 angstrom. The flourescene lifetimes of the I-4(11/2) -> I-4(13/2) and I-4(13/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of E3+ were measured at each processing stage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Hwy,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM jfrantz@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1350 EP 1353 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.11.028 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 019TV UT WOS:000235860500012 ER PT J AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, I. Michael Fahroo, Fariba TI Issues in the real-time computation of optimal control SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIALLY FLAT SYSTEMS; TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; CONTROLLED LAGRANGIANS; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION; MULTIPLIERS AB Under appropriate conditions, the dynamics of a control system governed by ordinary differential equations can be formulated in several ways: differential inclusion, control parametrization, flatness parametrization, higher-order inclusions and so on. A plethora of techniques have been proposed for each of these formulations but they are typically not portable across equivalent mathematical formulations. Further complications arise as a result of configuration and control constraints such as those imposed by obstacle avoidance or control saturation. In this paper, we present a unified framework for. handling the computation of optimal controls where the description of the governing equations or that of the path constraint is not a limitation. In fact, our method exploits the advantages offered by coordinate transformations and harnesses any inherent smoothness present in the optimal system trajectories. We demonstrate how our computational framework can easily and efficiently handle different cost formulations, control sets and path constraints. We illustrate our ideas by formulating a robotics problem in eight different ways, including a differentially flat formulation subject to control saturation. This example establishes the loss of convexity in the flat formulation as well as its ramifications for computation and optimality. In addition, a numerical comparison of our unified approach to a recent technique tailored for control-affine systems reveals that we get about 30% improvement in the performance index. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code AA-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu NR 49 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 1172 EP 1188 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.021 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000013 ER PT J AU Bailey, SP Pfluger, KC Holt, C La Budde, Z Afergan, D Bartlett, S Stripling, R Miller, PC Hall, EE AF Bailey, Stephen P. Pfluger, K. C. Holt, Craig La Budde, Zina Afergan, Daniel Bartlett, Simon Stripling, Roy Miller, Paul C. Hall, Eric E. TI Changes in Performance of a Virtual Reality Task Subsequent to Prolonged Exercise in the Heat and Carbohydrate Supplementation SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bailey, Stephen P.; Miller, Paul C.; Hall, Eric E.] Elon Univ, Elon, NC USA. [Pfluger, K. C.] Trestles Inc, Annapolis, MD USA. [Holt, Craig; Bartlett, Simon] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [La Budde, Zina; Afergan, Daniel; Stripling, Roy] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baileys@elon.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S269 EP S270 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802352 ER PT J AU Holt, C Bailey, SP Pfluger, KC Bartlett, S Stripling, R Hall, EE AF Holt, Craig Bailey, Stephen P. Pfluger, K. C. Bartlett, Simon Stripling, Roy Hall, Eric E. TI Impact of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Perceptual and Affective Responses to Prolonged Exercise in the Heat SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holt, Craig; Bartlett, Simon] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bailey, Stephen P.; Hall, Eric E.] Elon Univ, Elon, NC USA. [Pfluger, K. C.] Trestles Inc, Annapolis, MD USA. [Stripling, Roy] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM holt@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S344 EP S344 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01469 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802646 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Rauh, MJ Trone, DW AF Macera, Caroline A. Rauh, Mitchell J. Trone, Daniel W. TI Rates and Risk Factors for Overuse Injury among Female Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Rauh, Mitchell J.; Trone, Daniel W.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM cmacera@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S348 EP S348 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01484 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802661 ER PT J AU Shaw, JL Playford, S AF Shaw, Joel L. Playford, Scott TI Deployment Related Weakness in a 23 Year Old Soldier Limiting Ability to Do Push-ups SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shaw, Joel L.] Dewitt Army Community Hosp, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Playford, Scott] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tjshaw3@verizon.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S144 EP S144 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00657 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070801048 ER PT J AU Sucec, AA Hodgdon, JA Hazard, AA Roy, BA AF Sucec, Anthony A. Hodgdon, James A. Hazard, Allen A. Roy, Brad A. TI Body Mass and Lean Body Mass Loss During Residence at Moderate Altitude (2,450 M) in Female and Male Runners SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sucec, Anthony A.; Hazard, Allen A.; Roy, Brad A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hodgdon, James A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM tsucec@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S524 EP S524 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02188 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803583 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Garvie, LAJ Dodony, I Friedrich, H Stroud, RM Buseck, PR AF Zega, Thomas J. Garvie, Laurence A. J. Dodony, Istvan Friedrich, Heiner Stroud, Rhonda M. Buseck, Peter R. TI Polyhedral serpentine grains in CM chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NANOMETER-SCALE MEASUREMENTS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; POLYGONAL SERPENTINE; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; SECTORS; HRTEM; CHONDRULES; MINERALOGY; BEARING; MATRIX AB We used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron tomography, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the structure and composition of polyhedral serpentine grains that Occur in the matrices and fine-grained rims of the Murchison, Mighei, and Cold Bokkeveld CM chondrites. The structure of these grains is similar to terrestrial polygonal serpentine, but the data show that some have spherical or subspherical, rather than cylindrical morphologies. We therefore propose that the term polyhedral rather than polygonal be used to describe this material. EDS shows that the polyhedral grains are rich in Mg with up to 8 atom% Fe. EELS indicates that 70% of the Fe occurs as Fe(3+). Alteration of cronstedtite on the meteorite parent body under relatively oxidizing conditions is one probable pathway by which the polyhedral material formed. The polyhedral grains are the end-member serpentine in a mineralogic alteration sequence for the CM chondrites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Budapest, Dept Mineral, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Zega, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.zega@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Friedrich, Heiner/F-7981-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 681 EP 688 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 044LN UT WOS:000237674000003 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Hanley, K Schultz, R Lewis, M Freed, NE Ellis, M Ngauy, V Stoebner, R Ryan, M Russell, K AF Fuller, Julie Hanley, Keith Schultz, Robert Lewis, Michael Freed, Nikki E. Ellis, Michael Ngauy, Viseth Stoebner, Richard Ryan, Margaret Russell, Kevin TI Surveillance for febrile respiratory infections during Cobra Gold 2003 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Naval Environmental and Health Conference CY MAR 16-26, 2004 CL Chesapeake, VA ID SARS AB The Naval Health Research Center conducted laboratory-based surveillance for febrile respiratory infections at the 2003 Cobra Gold Exercise in Thailand. Seventeen individuals met the case definition for febrile respiratory illness, and diagnostic specimens were obtained from 16. Laboratory testing identified influenza A for 44%; sequence analysis demonstrated that these were Fujian-like influenza strains, which represented the predominant strain found globally in 2003/2004. Other pathogens identified included coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. Logistical challenges were overcome as laboratory-supported febrile respiratory illness surveillance was conducted during a military training exercise. With heightened concern over the potential for another global influenza pandemic, such surveillance could prove critical for the detection of emerging influenza and respiratory pathogen strains with potential for importation to the United States. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. III Marine Expeditionary Force, FPO, AP 96606 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, FPO, AP 96546 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800004 PM 16761881 ER PT J AU Holman, JR Wickizer, TM AF Holman, JR Wickizer, TM TI Family physician resource use for inpatient care: A comparison between military medical center and community hospital SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Assembly of Uniformed-Services-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY APR 16-21, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT SP Uniformed Serv Acad Family Phys ID PATTERNS AB Objective: Family physicians' use of resources in different inpatient settings has not been explored. The hypothesis is that family physicians use fewer resources in a community hospital than in a medical center. Methods: Patients consecutively discharged from the family practice services of an academic medical center and a community hospital (5,060) were compared with respect to length of stay, testing, and consultation rate. Results: The military academic medical center had an increased average length of stay, diagnostic testing, and consultations on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, length of stay was no different but the laboratory testing and consultation rate were higher for the academic center. Conclusion: Family physicians at this military academic medical center used more testing and requested consultations more often than those practicing in a community hospital, controlling for patient demographics and illness severity. There may be a culture at the academic center that encourages increased use of resources. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holman, JR (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800006 PM 16761883 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Doyle, JD Signell, RP AF Pullen, J Doyle, JD Signell, RP TI Two-way air-sea coupling: A study of the Adriatic SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-STREAM; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND STRESS; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; BORA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB High-resolution numerical simulations of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean-Atniosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) were conducted to examine the impact of the coupling strategy (one versus two way) oil the ocean and atmosphere model skill, and to elucidate dynamical aspects of the coupled response. Simulations for 23 September-23 October 2002 utilized 2- and 4-km resolution grids for the ocean and atmosphere, respectively. During a strong wind and sea surface cooling event, cold water fringed the west and north coasts in the two-way coupled simulation (where the atmosphere interacted with SST generated by the ocean model) and attenuated by approximately 20% of the cross-basin extension of bora-driven upward heat fluxes relative to the one-way coupled simulation (where the atmosphere model was not influenced by the ocean model). An assessment of model results using remotely sensed and in situ measurements of ocean temperature along with overwater and coastal wind observations showed enhanced skill in the two-way coupled model. In particular, the two-way coupled model produced spatially complex SSTs after the cooling event that compared more favorably (using mean bias and rills error) with satellite multichannel SST (MCSST) and had a stabilizing effect on the atmosphere. As a consequence, mean mixing was suppressed by over 20% in the atmospheric boundary layer and more realistic mean 10-m wind speeds were produced during the monthlong two-way coupled simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1483 DI 10.1175/MWR3137.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 042VR UT WOS:000237559200009 ER PT J AU Bongiorno, A Forst, CJ Kalia, RK Li, J Marschall, J Nakano, A Opeka, MM Talmy, IG Vashishta, P Yip, S AF Bongiorno, Angelo Forst, Clemens J. Kalia, Rajiv K. Li, Ju Marschall, Jochen Nakano, Aiichiro Opeka, Mark M. Talmy, Inna G. Vashishta, Priya Yip, Sidney TI A perspective on modeling materials in extreme environments: Oxidation of ultrahigh-temperature ceramics SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ceramic; oxidation; oxide; simulation ID CHARGE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; SI(100)-SIO2 INTERFACE; THERMAL-OXIDATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; OXIDE; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION; KINETICS AB The broader context of this discussion, based on a workshop where materials technologists and computational scientists engaged in a dialogue, is an awareness that modeling and simulation techniques and computational capabilities may have matured sufficiently to provide heretofore unavailable insights into the complex microstructural evolution of materials in extreme environments. As an example, this article examines the study of ultrahigh-temperature oxidation-resistant ceramics, through the combination of atomistic simulation and selected experiments. We describe a strategy to investigate oxygen transport through a multi-oxide scale-the protective layer of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic composites ZrB(2)-SiC and HfB(2)-SiC-by combining first-principles and atomistic modeling and simulation with selected experiments. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bongiorno, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angelo.bongiorno@physics.gatech.edu; cfoerst@mit.edu; rkalia@usc.edu; li.562@osu.edu; jochen.marschall@sri.com; anakano@usc.edu; opekamm@nswccd.navy.mil; inna.talmy@navy.mil; priyav@usc.edu; syip@mit.edu RI Li, Ju/A-2993-2008 OI Li, Ju/0000-0002-7841-8058 NR 64 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 410 EP 418 DI 10.1557/mrs2006.103 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 046MR UT WOS:000237816200016 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Kessel, RA AF Lucke, RL Kessel, RA TI Signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and exposure time for imaging systems with photon-limited noise SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image quality; image evaluation; signal-to-noise ratio ID QUALITY AB We present simple, mathematically tractable definitions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for imaging systems when photon-counting statistics are the dominant source of noise. These definitions lead to a simple expression for CNR that is convenient for comparing images taken under different conditions and/or in different wave bands. Furthermore, this real-space CNR is directly proportional to the SNR in Fourier space. The sampling factor Q with which a focal plane array records an image is shown to be a primary determinant of exposure time and of SNR. If Q is known (or assumed), the f-number, resolution, and pixel size are not required. (C) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 45 IS 5 AR 056403 DI 10.1117/1.2205850 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 058JX UT WOS:000238662400036 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DH Riffenburgh, RH AF Hunsaker, DH Riffenburgh, RH TI Snoring significance in patients undergoing home sleep studies SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; MEN AB Objective: To analyze the impact of snoring, independent of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on patients referred for home sleep Studies and to report a new technology for the reporting of snoring, using sophisticated sound collection and noise-canceling technology. Study Design and Setting: A retrospective statistical review of consecutive anonymous data compiled from questionnaires and digital data of snoring loudness and duration measured at the upper tip during unattended home sleep studies in 4,860 patients referred for snoring and sleep-disturbed breathing. Results: A strong relationship exists between a history of snoring and complaints of daytime sleepiness (80%), obesity (73%), and chronic fatigue (78%) (all yield P<0.001). By contrast, only 42% to 48% of patients without these symptoms complain of snoring. In 3 multiple-regression analyses, the percent of time snoring, average loudness, and peak loudness are all significantly predicted by the apnea hypopnea index (all P<0.003), body mass index (all P<0.001). and age (P=0.014). Daytime sleepiness was strongly predicted by percent time snoring (P=0.014), weakly by average loudness (P=0.046), and not at all by peak loudness (P=0.303). Conclusion: By using a pair of microphones placed at the upper lip, one that samples breath sounds and the other ambient sound and artifact noise, the NovaSOM QSG measures snoring while canceling ambient noise. The clinical impact of snoring on the patient as well as the bed partner, independent of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is an unrecognized factor in sleep-disturbed breathing. Significance: Measurable criteria to define snoring are suggested. Snoring loudness is not measured in most laboratory Polysomnograms. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hunsaker, DH (reprint author), 5121 San Aquario Dr, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM tripwest@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.01.017 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 039ZH UT WOS:000237347200009 PM 16647530 ER PT J AU Sek, G Hofmann, C Reithmaier, JP Loffler, A Reitzenstein, S Kamp, M Keldysh, LV Kulakovskii, VD Reinecke, TL Forchel, A AF Sek, G Hofmann, C Reithmaier, JP Loffler, A Reitzenstein, S Kamp, M Keldysh, LV Kulakovskii, VD Reinecke, TL Forchel, A TI Investigation of strong coupling between single quantum dot excitons and single photons in pillar microcavities SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS12) CY JUL 10-15, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM DE quantum dot; microcavity; strong coupling ID SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; CAVITY; NANOCAVITY; BOXES AB We are reporting on investigations in the regime of strong coupling between an atom-like emitter (i.e. a quantum dot exciton) and the electromagnetic field of a single photon in a high finesse cavity. In order to observe strong coupling between a quantum dot exciton and a cavity mode, we grew high quality Bragg reflector AlAs/GaAs planar cavities with a low density In0.3Ga0.6As quantum dot layer by molecular beam epitaxy. Using electron beam lithography and deep plasma etching, micropillars with high Q-factors (about 8000 for 1.5 pm diameter) were realized. In microphotoluminescence experiments, the high oscillator strength of the In0.3Ga0.6As quantum dots together with a small mode volume in high finesse micropillar cavities allowed us to observe strong coupling characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of 140 mu eV. All the conditions necessary to realize such a strongly coupled system and investigate its fundamental properties are discussed in detail. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sek, G (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM grzegorz.sek@pwr.wroc.pl RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; Reitzenstein, Stephan/A-9184-2014; Kamp, Martin/G-9704-2011; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Kamp, Martin/0000-0002-7219-2297; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 471 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2005.12.089 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 046WQ UT WOS:000237842200120 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C Guo, F AF Wu, F Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C Guo, F TI Optimal performance of an irreversible quantum Brayton refrigerator with ideal Bose gases SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID REGENERATED AIR REFRIGERATOR; LOAD DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; POWER CYCLES WORKING; COOLING-LOAD; FINITE-TIME; HEAT ENGINE; DEGENERACY CONDITIONS; SPIN SYSTEMS; PUMP; ALLOCATION AB This paper presents a model of an irreversible quantum Brayton refrigerator (IQBR) using ideal Bose gases as working fluid. The optimal relationship between the dimensionless cooling rate and the coefficient of performance, and the optimization region (or criteria) for an IQBR is obtained. The effects of heat leakage, irreversibility in two adiabatic processes and the quantum characteristic of the working fluid are discussed. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/73/5/007 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 036MI UT WOS:000237074800007 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Tornaszewicz, T Zakharov, D O'Keefe, M Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Freitas, JA Henry, RL AF Liliental-Weber, Z Tornaszewicz, T Zakharov, D O'Keefe, M Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Freitas, JA Henry, RL TI Atomic structure of pyramidal defects in GaN : Mg : Influence of annealing SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Magnetism (ICNM 2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Gebze, TURKEY AB The atomic structure of the characteristic defects (Mg-rich hexagonal pyramids) in p-doped bulk and MOCVD GaN: Mg thin films grown with Ga polarity was determined at atomic resolution by direct reconstruction of the scattered electron wave in a transmission electron microscope. Small cavities were present inside the defects, confirmed also with positron annihilation. The inside walls of the cavities were covered by GaN of reverse polarity compared to the matrix. Annealing of the MOCVD layers lead to slight increase of the defect size and an increase of the room temperature photoluminescence intensity. Positron annihilation confirms presence of vacancy clusters of different sizes triggered by the Mg doping in as-grown samples and decrease of their concentration upon annealing at 900 and 1000 degrees C. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Z_Liliental-Weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 203 IS 7 BP 1636 EP 1640 DI 10.1002/pssa.200565458 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049RQ UT WOS:000238034600024 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Howells, CA AF Johannes, MD Mazin, II Howells, CA TI Fermi-surface nesting and the origin of the charge-density wave in NbSe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; ELECTRONIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MIXED-STATE; 2H-NBSE2; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSTABILITY; MECHANISM; SOLIDS AB We use highly accurate density functional calculations to study the band structure and Fermi surfaces of NbSe2. We calculate the real part of the noninteracting susceptibility, Re chi(0)(q), which is the relevant quantity for a charge density wave (CDW) instability and the imaginary part, Im chi(0)(q), which directly shows Fermi surface (FS) nesting. We show that there are very weak peaks in Re chi(0)(q) near the CDW wave vector, but that no such peaks are visible in Im chi(0)(q), definitively eliminating FS nesting as a factor in CDW formation. Because the peak in Re chi(0)(q) is broad and shallow, it is unlikely to be the direct cause of the CDW instability. We briefly address the possibility that electron-electron interactions (local field effects) produce additional structure in the total (renormalized) susceptibility, and we discuss the role of electron-ion matrix elements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 33 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 14 U2 62 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205102 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500009 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Liu, AY AF Park, Kyungwha Pederson, Mark R. Liu, Amy Y. TI Comparison of vibrational and electronic contributions to van der Waals interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ATOMIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; DISPERSION ENERGY COEFFICIENTS; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; LOWER BOUNDS; NOBLE-GASES; APPROXIMATION AB The van der Waals interaction can be caused by either ionic vibrations or instantaneous electronic motion relative to the atomic center. In this study, the vibrational contribution to the van der Waals interaction is formulated by considering the interaction between induced dipoles caused by the infrared-active normal modes of a neutral molecule. Using the derived formula, the contribution is quantified, within the density-functional theory formalism, using a screened, i.e., self-consistent, vibrational polarizability. Applications for several neutral nonpolar dimers are presented. It is found that the vibrational contributions for the dimers are substantially smaller than their electronic contributions. The ratio of the vibrational to electronic contributions depends strongly on the ratio of the screened vibrational to electronic polarizabilities and on the ratio of the frequency of the strongest infrared-active mode to an ionization energy. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kyungwha@vt.edu; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil; liu@physics.georgetown.edu RI Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205116 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500023 ER PT J AU Ramon, G Mizrahi, U Akopian, N Braitbart, S Gershoni, D Reinecke, TL Gerardot, BD Petroff, PM AF Ramon, G Mizrahi, U Akopian, N Braitbart, S Gershoni, D Reinecke, TL Gerardot, BD Petroff, PM TI Emission characteristics of quantum dots in planar microcavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OPTICAL-MICROCAVITY; WANNIER EXCITONS; PHOTONS; BOXES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; WELLS; DISKS AB The emission properties of single quantum dots in planar microcavities are studied experimentally and theoretically. Fivefold enhanced spontaneous emission outside the microcavity is found for dots in resonance with the cavity mode, relative to detuned dots. Using high-power excitation we obtain the in-plane cavity dispersion. Near-field images of the emission show spatial distributions of several micrometers for resonant dots, which decrease in size with the detuning from resonance. These experimental findings are explained using a simple and intuitive model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Phys Dept, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Solid State Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ramon, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guy.ramon@gmail.com RI Gerardot, Brian/D-2418-2009; OI Gerardot, Brian/0000-0002-0279-898X; Gershoni, David/0000-0002-3039-9919 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205330 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500066 ER PT J AU Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Theoretical predictions of superconductivity in alkali metals under high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; DENSE LITHIUM; CESIUM; PHASE; RUBIDIUM; BCC; LI AB We calculated the superconductivity properties of alkali metals under high pressure using the results of band theory and the rigid-muffin-tin theory of Gaspari and Gyorffy. Our results suggest that at high pressures lithium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium would be superconductors with transition temperatures approaching 5-20 K. Our calculations also suggest that sodium would not be a superconductor under high pressure even if compressed to less than half of its equilibrium volume. We found that the compression of the lattice strengthens the electron-phonon coupling through a delicately balanced increase of both the electronic and phononic components of this coupling. This increase of the electron-phonon coupling in Li is due to an enhancement of the s-p channel of the interaction, while in the heavier elements the p-d channel is the dominant component. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184516 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300105 ER PT J AU Cartin, D Khanna, G AF Cartin, D Khanna, G TI Wave functions for the Schwarzschild black hole interior SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOOP QUANTUM COSMOLOGY; GRAVITY AB Using the Hamiltonian constraint derived by Ashtekar and Bojowald, we look for preclassical wave functions in the Schwarzschild interior. In particular, when solving this difference equation by separation of variables, an inequality is obtained relating the Immirzi parameter gamma to the quantum ambiguity delta appearing in the model. This bound is violated when we use a natural value for delta based on loop quantum gravity together with a recent proposal for gamma. We also present numerical solutions of the constraint. C1 USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Cartin, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, 197 Elliot St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@UMassD.Edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 10 AR 104009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.104009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048ML UT WOS:000237951100040 ER PT J AU Fiorito, RB Shkvarunets, AG Watanabe, T Yakimenko, V Snyder, D AF Fiorito, R. B. Shkvarunets, A. G. Watanabe, T. Yakimenko, V. Snyder, D. TI Interference of diffraction and transition radiation and its application as a beam divergence diagnostic SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PARTICLE BEAM; SIZE; SLIT AB We have observed the interference of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) and optical transition radiation (OTR) produced by the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a micromesh foil and a mirror. The production of forward directed ODR from electrons passing through the holes and wires of the mesh and their separate interactions with backward OTR from the mirror are analyzed with the help of a simulation code. By careful choice of the micromesh properties, mesh-mirror spacing, observation wavelength, and filter band pass, the interference of the ODR produced from the unperturbed electrons passing through the open spaces of the mesh and OTR from the mirror are observable above a broad incoherent background from interaction of the heavily scattered electrons passing through the mesh wires. These interferences (ODTRI) are sensitive to the beam divergence and can be used to directly diagnose this parameter. We compare experimental divergence values obtained using ODTRI, conventional OTRI, for the case when front foil scattering is negligible, and computed values obtained from transport code calculations and multiple screen beam size measurements. We obtain good agreement in all cases. C1 Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fiorito, RB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 052802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.052802 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700009 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Freund, HP Colson, W AF Nguyen, D. C. Freund, H. P. Colson, W. TI High-power free-electron laser amplifier using a scalloped electron beam and a two-stage wiggler SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB High-power free-electron laser (FEL) amplifiers present many practical design and construction problems. One such problem is possible damage to any optical beam control elements beyond the wiggler. The ability to increase the optical beam's divergence angle after the wiggler, thereby reducing the intensity on the first optical element, is important to minimize such damage. One proposal to accomplish this optical beam spreading is to pinch the electron beam thereby focusing the radiation as well. In this paper, we analyze an approach that relies on the natural betatron motion to pinch the electron beam near the end of the wiggler. We also consider a step-tapered, two-stage wiggler to enhance the efficiency. The combination of a pinched electron beam and step-taper wiggler leads to additional optical guiding of the optical beam. This novel configuration is studied in simulation using the MEDUSA code. For a representative set of beam and wiggler parameters, we discuss (i) the effect of the scalloped beam on the interaction in the FEL and on the focusing and propagation of the radiation, and (ii) the efficiency enhancement in the two-stage wiggler. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 050703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.050703 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700004 ER PT J AU Christov, I Jordan, PM Christov, CI AF Christov, I Jordan, PM Christov, CI TI Nonlinear acoustic propagation in homentropic perfect gases: A numerical study SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Godunov-type MUSCL scheme; Lighthill-Westervelt equation; Euler equations; shock formation; acceleration waves ID ACCELERATION-WAVES; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; GROWTH; FLUID; DECAY; MEDIA AB A study of nonlinear acoustic waves in a homentropic perfect gas is presented. Conservation laws for the Euler and Lighthill-Westervelt equations are constructed and solved numerically using a Godunov-type finite-difference scheme. Simulations are carried out in the context of two initial-boundary-value problems (IBVP)s-one resulting in finite-time, and the other in infinite-tinie, blow-up at the wavefront. Additionally, analytical results are presented to support the numerical findings. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008; Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531; NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.12.101 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 033ES UT WOS:000236830100001 ER PT J AU Linton, MG AF Linton, MG TI Dynamics of magnetic flux tubes in space and laboratory plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SWARTHMORE SPHEROMAK EXPERIMENT; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MODEL CONVECTION ZONE; BREAKOUT MODEL; ACTIVE REGIONS; OMEGA-LOOPS; SOLAR-WIND; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION; ROPES AB This paper gives a brief summary of topics discussed at a mini-conference on the dynamics of magnetic flux tubes in space and laboratory plasmas. This mini-conference was held as part of the Fall 2005 meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM linton@nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 058301 DI 10.1063/1.2183736 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000161 ER PT J AU Obenschain, SP Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Sethian, JD McGeoch, MW AF Obenschain, SP Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Sethian, JD McGeoch, MW TI Pathway to a lower cost high repetition rate ignition facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DRY WALL CHAMBERS; FUSION ENERGY; LASER FUSION; TARGET; PROGRESS; ADIABAT; DESIGN; HYDRODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; PICKET AB An approach to a high-repetition ignition facility based on direct drive with the krypton-fluoride laser is presented. The objective is development of a "Fusion Test Facility" that has sufficient fusion power to be useful as a development test bed for power plant materials and components. Calculations with modern pellet designs indicate that laser energies well below a megajoule may be sufficient. A smaller driver would result in an overall smaller, less complex and lower cost facility. While this facility might appear to have most direct utility to inertial fusion energy, the high flux of neutrons would also be able to address important issues concerning materials and components for other approaches to fusion energy. The physics and technological basis for the Fusion Test Facility are presented along with a discussion of its applications. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Plex LLC, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. RP Obenschain, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056320 DI 10.1063/1.2198796 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000137 ER PT J AU McDonald, DD Goncalves, PH Almario, VE Krajewski, AL Cervera, PL Kaeser, DM Lillvik, CA Sajkowicz, TL Moose, PE AF McDonald, DD Goncalves, PH Almario, VE Krajewski, AL Cervera, PL Kaeser, DM Lillvik, CA Sajkowicz, TL Moose, PE TI Assisting women to learn myocardial infarction symptoms SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article DE health education; myocardial infarction; social norms; storytelling; women ID HEART-ATTACK SYMPTOMS; RAPID EARLY ACTION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PATIENT DELAY; EMERGENCY; KNOWLEDGE; DECISION; DISEASE; TRIAL; CARE AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to test how teaching format (factual versus storytelling) and restructuring the social norm of caring for others to caring for self affects how women learn to identify and respond to myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms. Design: The study was a randomized pretest posttest full factorial experiment. Sample: One hundred and thirteen women participated. Measures: Before and after reading the intervention pamphlet, the women wrote all the MI symptoms that they knew and rated their intention to call 911 if symptoms occurred. Intervention: The women read one of the four MI pamphlets corresponding to the four conditions. Results: No significant effects for learning MI symptoms resulted from teaching format or social norms. Women learned three additional MI symptoms. All responded with high intention to call 911 if MI symptoms occurred. Conclusions: Women can learn additional MI symptoms from reading a brief pamphlet about MI symptoms. Use of a storytelling format and the social norm of caring for self might not impact how many MI symptoms women learn. Studies using audiovisuals and larger samples are needed to clarify whether storytelling format and the social norm of caring for self-impact learning MI symptoms. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Windham Hosp, Willimantic, CT USA. USN, Newport, RI USA. Eastern Connecticut Surg Care, New London, CT USA. RP McDonald, DD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Deborah.mcdonald@uconn.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.230303.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 040EW UT WOS:000237362800003 PM 16684199 ER PT J AU Beckman, WA Mendez, RJ Paine, GF Mazzilli, MA AF Beckman, WA Mendez, RJ Paine, GF Mazzilli, MA TI Cerebellar herniation after cervical transforaminal epidural injection SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cervical; radicular pain; transforaminal injection; steroids ID ARTERY; ROOT AB Objective: The purpose of this study is to inform readers of potential catastrophic complications associated with performing cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections. Case Report: A 31-year-old man presented to the pain clinic with a history of cervical radicular pain and right upper-extremity radicular symptoms. He was referred from the orthopedic spine clinic for evaluation for epidural steroid injection, having failed conservative treatment consisting of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, oral steroids, and physical therapy. After undergoing a transforaminal epidural steroid injection at the right C8 nerve root, he developed a cerebellar infarct and brainstem herniation. He survived but has residual deficits of persistent diplopia on right lateral gaze and difficulties with short-term memory loss and concentration. Conclusions: Although transforaminal epidural steroid injections are an efficacious treatment for radicular syndromes, there can be catastrophic complications. In light of the growing body of similar case reports, further investigation is warranted to establish a safe protocol for the use of this modality. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Beckman, WA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM WABeckman@mar.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1098-7339 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.rapm.2005.11.018 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 046OW UT WOS:000237821900018 PM 16701197 ER PT J AU Buendia, GM Rikvold, PA Park, K Novotny, MA AF Buendia, G. M. Rikvold, P. A. Park, K. Novotny, M. A. TI Metastable lifetime of a kinetic Ising model with a transition dynamic algorithm SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE metastable; nucleation; kinetic ising model ID MONTE-CARLO; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION AB We calculate the average lifetime of the metastable state of a 2-d kinetic Ising model. The model evolves under what is called a transition dynamic (TDA), which assumes that the system in going from all initial to a final state, must pass through an intermediate state t, such that the transition rate has the form, W(i -> j) = W(i -> t)W(t -> j). The results are obtained in two different ways. First, by calculating the first-passage time from the metastable to an absorbing state. Second, by the technique of absorbing Markov chains. Our calculations reproduce the standard result obtained in the low-temperature nucleation regime, = Ae(Gamma/kDT). However, we find that A and Gamma differ from the values Calculated for the standard Glauber dynamics. These results are consistent with recent studies which indicate that, contrary to common belief, 17 is not simply the metastable energy barrier, but depends on the stochastic dynamics used. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Mat Res Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, ERC Ctr Computat Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Buendia, GM (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 SU S BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142LO UT WOS:000244651600010 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Robertson, CG AF Roland, C. M. Robertson, C. G. TI Recovery of shear-modified polybutadiene solutions SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Spring Meeting of the Rubber-Division-of-the-American-Chemical-Society CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Chem Soc, Rubber Div ID ENTANGLED POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; MOLTEN POLYMERS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLYSTYRENE SOLUTIONS; FLOW BEHAVIOR; MELT; POLYETHYLENE; HISTORY; STEADY; DISENTANGLEMENT AB We have investigated the recovery of the overshoot in the transient viscosity, the first normal stress coefficient, and the dynamic modulus for entangled polybutadiene solutions subjected to nonlinear shear flow. The molecular-weight dependences of the various time scales (linear viscoelastic relaxation time, entanglement recovery time, and timescale for decay of stress following cessation of shearing) are all consistent with the usual 3.4 power law. Nevertheless, the time for recovery of the stress overshoot and plateau value of the dynamic modulus were substantially longer (by as much as two orders of magnitude) than the linear viscoelastic relaxation time calculated from the Newtonian viscosity and the equilibrium recoverable compliance. These results indicate that complete entanglement recovery requires cooperative chain motions over a length scale exceeding that associated with linear relaxation. This persistence of a disentangled state means that a state of low viscosity and reduced elasticity is retained for an extended time, suggesting that shear modification can be used to facilitate the processing of polymers. C1 Div Chem, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Div Chem, Naval Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil; RobertsonChristopher@bfusa.com RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 267 EP 280 DI 10.5254/1.3547937 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 214IX UT WOS:000249732300006 ER PT J AU Kovacs, Z Henits, P Zhilyaev, AP Revesz, A AF Kovacs, Z Henits, P Zhilyaev, AP Revesz, A TI Deformation induced primary crystallization in a thermally non-primary crystallizing amorphous Al85Ce8Ni5Co2 alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE primary Al crystallization; severe plastic deformation (SPD); Al-based metallic glass; high pressure torsion; aluminium alloys ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INDUCED NANOCRYSTAL FORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC GLASSES; AL88Y7FE5 ALLOY; AL; CONSOLIDATION; AL85CE5NI8CO2; TEMPERATURE AB Nanocrystallization behavior of Al85Ce8Ni5CO2 amorphous ribbon induced by severe plastic deformation and by linear heating thermal treatment has been compared using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Therrnal treatment of the as-quenched ribbon results in the joint formation of several crystalline phases, whereas plastic deformation at room temperature induces only primary precipitation of alpha-Al nanocrystals. This is evidence for the athermal nature of the deformation induced crystallization process. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kovacs, Z (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM kovacszs@ludens.elte.hu RI Kovacs, Zsolt/A-8091-2010; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Kovacs, Zsolt/0000-0001-6802-3311; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1733 EP 1737 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.02.004 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 024YT UT WOS:000236233200003 ER PT J AU Chamati, H Papanicolaou, NI Mishin, Y Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Chamati, H. Papanicolaou, N. I. Mishin, Y. Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. TI Embedded-atom potential for Fe and its application to self-diffusion on Fe(100) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer modeling; interatomic potential; first-principles calculations; iron; adatom diffusion ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; TRANSITION-METALS; ALPHA-IRON; FE(111) SURFACE; ELASTIC-MODULI; GAMMA-FE; RELAXATION; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES AB We have constructed an embedded-atom potential for Fe by fitting to both experimental and first-principles results. The potential reproduces with satisfactory accuracy the lattice properties, surface energies and point defect energies for both BCC and the high temperature FCC phases of the metal. The potential was used in tandem with molecular-dynamics simulations to calculate the thermal expansion of both BCC-Fe and FCC-Fe, the phonon dispersion curves, mean-square displacements and surface relaxations of the element. In addition. we have studied self-diffusion of single adatoms on the BCC-Fe(100) surface at several temperatures. The migration energies and pre-exponential factors for three main diffusion mechanisms were determined and compared with available experimental data. We have found that the diagonal exchange diffusion process is energetically favored over the direct hopping mechanism and that its migration energy is close to the experimental value. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient associated with the diagonal exchange diffusion process is about an order of magnitude higher than those of the hopping and the non-diagonal exchange mechanisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Solid State Phys, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chamati, H (reprint author), Inst Solid State Phys, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM chamati@issp.bas.bg RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Chamati, Hassan/A-8628-2010 OI Chamati, Hassan/0000-0002-0831-6945 NR 50 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 9 BP 1793 EP 1803 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.02.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 043QU UT WOS:000237617300012 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Tshiteya, R Bowles, CA Tuunanen, T AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Tshiteya, Rene Bowles, Christine A. Tuunanen, Tuure TI The structure and infrastructure of Finnish research literature SO TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS; TECHNOLOGY; ROADMAPS; TRENDS; IMPACT AB The structure and infrastructure of the Finnish research literature is determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index for the years 2003-2004, with each article containing at least one author with a Finnish address. Document clustering was used to identify the main technical themes (core competencies) of Finnish research. Four of the pervasive technical topics identified from the clustering (Wireless Networks and Mobile Communication, Signal Processing, Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry) were analyzed further using bibliometrics, in order to identify the infrastructure of these research areas. Finally, the citation performance of Finnish research in the four pervasive technical topics above, and in other technical topics obtained by analysis of Abstract phrases, was compared to that of two Scandanavian countries with similar population and GDP, Norway and Denmark. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Business, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolf St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-7325 EI 1465-3990 J9 TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG JI Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 187 EP 220 DI 10.1080/09537320600624105 PG 34 WC Management; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 041QA UT WOS:000237469600004 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Little, BJ AF Daulton, Tyrone L. Little, Brenda J. TI Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)-Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE electron energy loss spectroscopy; chromium valence determination; L(2,3)-adsorption edges; transmission electron microscopy ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EDGE FINE-STRUCTURE; LOW-FREQUENCY EPR; OXIDATION-STATES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; AB-INITIO; REDUCTION; MINERALS; SPECTRA AB Chromium is a redox active 3d transition metal with a wide range of valences (-2 to + 6) that control the geochemistry and toxicity of the element. Therefore, techniques that measure Cr valence are important bio/geochemical tools. Until now, all established methods to determine Cr valence were bulk techniques with many specific to a single, or at best, only a few oxidation state(s). We report an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique along with an extensive suite of affined reference spectra that together, unlike other methods, can determine Cr valence (or at least constrain the possible valences) at high-spatial resolution (tens-of-nanometer scale) across a wide valence range, Cr(0)-Cr(VI). Fine structure of Cr-L(2,3) edges was parametrized by measurement of the chemical shift of the L(3) edge and the ratio of integrated intensity under the L(3) and L(2) edges. These two parameterizations were correlated to Cr valence and also the d" orbital configuration which has a large influence on L-edge fine structure. We demonstrate that it is not possible to unambiguously determine Cr valence from only one fine-structure parameterization which is the method employed to determine metal valence by nearly all previous EELS studies. Rather, multiple fine-structure parameterizations must be used together if the full range of possible Cr valences is considered. However even with two parameterizations, there are limitations. For example, distinguishing Cr(IV) from Cr(HI) is problematic and it may be difficult to distinguish low-spin Cr(H) from Cr(III). Nevertheless, when Cr is known to be divalent, low- and bigh-spin d" orbital configurations can be readily distinguished. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM tdaulton@physics.wustl.edu NR 97 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAY PY 2006 VL 106 IS 7 BP 561 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.02.005 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 055VS UT WOS:000238479300003 ER PT J AU Carpenter, CM Hall, ER Randall, R McKenzie, R Cassels, F Diaz, N Thomas, N Bedford, P Darsley, M Gewert, C Howard, C Sack, RB Sack, DA Chang, HS Gomes, G Bourgeois, AL AF Carpenter, CM Hall, ER Randall, R McKenzie, R Cassels, F Diaz, N Thomas, N Bedford, P Darsley, M Gewert, C Howard, C Sack, RB Sack, DA Chang, HS Gomes, G Bourgeois, AL TI Comparison of the antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) and ELISPOT assays for detection of mucosal immune responses to antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in challenged and vaccinated volunteers SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases CY APR 28-30, 2004 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA DE ALS; ELISPOT; enterotoxigenic E. coli ID B-SUBUNIT VACCINE; SECRETING CELLS; CHOLERA; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; HUMANS AB In the present study we compared the ELISPOT and antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) assays as surrogate measures of mucosal immunitv. In separate studies. 20 inpatient volunteers received oral doses of 6 x 10(8) or 4 x 10(9) cfu of ETEC strain E24377A (LT+, ST+, CS1(+), CS3(+)) and 20 subjects received 1 (n = 9) or 2 (n = 11) oral doses of the attenuated ETEC vaccine, PTL-003 expressing CFA/II (CS1+ and CS3+) (2 x 10(9) cfu/dose). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from all subjects were assayed for anti-colonization factor or toxin-specific IgA antibody responses using the ALS and ELISPOT procedures. ALS responses were measured using a standard ELISA, as well as by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF). Following challenge with E24377A, significant anti-CS3, CS1 and LT ALS responses were detected in the lymphocyte supernatants of 75-95% of the subjects. A similar proportion (75%) of subjects mounted an ALS response to CFA/II antigen after vaccination with the PTL-003 vaccine. Inter-assay comparisons between ALS and ELISPOT methods also revealed a high degree of correlation in both immunization groups. ALS sensitivity versus the ELISPOT assay for LT, CS3 and CS1-specific responses following challenge were 95%. 94% and 78%. respectively and 83% for the ALS response to CFA/II antigen after vaccination with PTL-003. Correlation coefficients for the LT and CS3 antigens were 0.94 (p < 0.001) and 0.82 (p < 0.001), respectively after challenge and 0.78 (p < 0.001) after vaccination. The association between ALS and ELISPOT for the CS I antigen was however, significant only when ALS supernatants were tested by TRF (r = 0.91. p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the value and flexibility of the ALS assay as an alternative to ELISPOT for the measurement of mucosal immune responses to ETEC antigens, particularly when the complexities of ELISPOT may make it impractical to perform. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Acamb Res Ltd, Cambridge CB1 9PT, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bourgeois, AL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, 624 N Broadway,HH,Rm 205, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM abourgeo@jhsph.edu RI Diaz-Mayoral, Norma/B-8416-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00052] NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 BP 3709 EP 3718 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.022 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 048JT UT WOS:000237944100002 PM 16153753 ER PT J AU Jones, FR Hall, ER Tribble, D Savarino, SJ Cassels, FJ Porter, C Meza, R Nunez, G Espinoza, N Salazar, M Luckett, R Scott, D AF Jones, FR Hall, ER Tribble, D Savarino, SJ Cassels, FJ Porter, C Meza, R Nunez, G Espinoza, N Salazar, M Luckett, R Scott, D TI The New World primate, Aotus nancymae, as a model for examining the immunogenicity of a prototype enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli subunit vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases CY APR 28-30, 2004 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; COLONIZATION FACTORS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CS6; IMMUNIZATION; PATHOGENS; MONKEYS; ANTIGEN; ETEC; MICE AB The colonization factors (CF) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are being targeted for inclusion in a multi-subunit ETEC vaccine. This study was designed to examine the preclinical safety and immumogenicity of CF CS6, encapsulated in a biodegradable poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) (meCS6), and administered in the presence or absence of a mutated heat-labile enterotoxin, LT(R192G), in the non-human primate, Aotus nancymae. A. nancymae were inoculated intranasally (IN) with meCS6 (200 mu g; positive control), or intragastrically (IG) with meCS6 (200 or 1000 mu g) with or without 2 mu g LT(R192G) in three doses given at 2-week intervals. In a second experiment, A. nancymae were inoculated IG with 950 mu g of meCS6 with or without 2 mu g LT(R192G) in four doses given every 48 h. Blood was collected to assess anti-CS6 and -LT serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses and safety variables (complete blood count and chemistry). Safety parameters were unchanged from baseline following all vaccinations. In Experiment 1, a dose-related serologic response to CS6 was observed; 78.6 and 57.1% of monkeys given 1000 mu g meCS6 (n = 14) had a serum IgG and IgA response, respectively, compared to only 28.6% of monkeys given 200 mu g meCS6 (n = 14) with a serum IgG and IgA response. No significant effect on the number of responders or the magnitude of responses was observed with the addition of LT(R192G). The three-dose, 2-week regimen with 1000 mu g meCS6 was more effective at eliciting an immune response than the four-dose, 48-h regimen with 950 mu g meCS6. Results from this study indicate that A. nancymae provide a useful ETEC preclinical safety and immunogenicity model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biodef Res Directorate, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NMRCD, Bacterial Dis Program, Unit 3800, Lima 34031, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jones, FR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biodef Res Directorate, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jonesf@nmrc.navy.mil RI Porter, Chad/A-8026-2011; Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 BP 3786 EP 3792 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.029 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 048JT UT WOS:000237944100015 PM 16343702 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Dorcioman, G Ristoscu, C Axente, E Grigorescu, S Moldovan, A Mihailescu, IN Kocourek, T Jelinek, M Albulescu, M Buruiana, T Mihaiescu, D Stamatin, I Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Dorcioman, G Ristoscu, C Axente, E Grigorescu, S Moldovan, A Mihailescu, IN Kocourek, T Jelinek, M Albulescu, M Buruiana, T Mihaiescu, D Stamatin, I Chrisey, DB TI Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation processing of triacetate-pullulan polysaccharide thin films for drug delivery systems SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Laser and Lamp Processing of Functional Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Quantel, Laser 2000, Excel Technol, Irepa Laser, Spectra Phys, Surface DE polysaccharide; pullulan; thin films; laser deposition; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; drug delivery ID DEPOSITION AB We report the first successful deposition of triacetate-pullulan polysaccharide thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. We used a KrF* excimer laser source (lambda = 248 mn, tau approximate to 20 ns) operated at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. We demonstrated by FTIR that our thin films are composed of triacetate-pullulan maintaining its chemical structure and functionality. The dependence on incident laser fluence of the induced surface morphology is analysed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Natl Inst Chem Pharmaceut R&D, Bucharest 74373 3, Romania. Petru Poni Inst Macromol Chem, Iasi 6600, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Nano SAE Res Ctr 3, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, 409 Atomistilor,POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica.cristescu@inflpr.ro RI Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Kocourek, Tomas/G-8432-2014; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; AXENTE, Emanuel/C-4812-2011; Dorcioman, Gabriela/C-5875-2011; Ristoscu, Carmen/B-8628-2011; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; OI Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180; Ristoscu, Carmen/0000-0002-8433-9217; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117; AXENTE, Emanuel/0000-0003-1946-5863 NR 7 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 13 BP 4647 EP 4651 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.152 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 057VL UT WOS:000238623200061 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Kocourek, T Moldovan, A Stamatin, L Mihaiescu, D Jelinek, M Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Kocourek, T Moldovan, A Stamatin, L Mihaiescu, D Jelinek, M Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Laser deposition of cryoglobulin blood proteins thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Laser and Lamp Processing of Functional Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Quantel, Laser 2000, Excel Technol, Irepa Laser, Spectra Phys, Surface DE blood protein; cryoglobulin; laser deposition; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; medical physics AB We report the first successful deposition of type II cryoglobulin blood protein thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) using a KrF* excimer laser source (lambda = 248 nm, tau(FWHM) approximate to 20 ns) operated at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. We demonstrate by AFM and FTIR that MAPLE-deposited thin films consist of starting type H cryoglobulin only, maintaining its chemical structure and biological functionality, being properly collected and processed. The dependence on incident laser fluence of the induced surface morphology is presented. The presence of type II cryoglobulin was revealed as aggregates of globular material in the MAPLE-deposited thin films and confirmed by standard cryoglobulin tests. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Lasers Dept, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Longhin Scarlat Dermato Venerol Hosp, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Nano SAE Res Ctr 3, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Lasers Dept, 409 Atomistilor,POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica.cristescu@inflpr.ro RI Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Kocourek, Tomas/G-8432-2014; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014 OI stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 13 BP 4652 EP 4655 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.108 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 057VL UT WOS:000238623200062 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Lippert, T Urech, L Wokaun, A Nagel, M Hopp, B Dinescu, M Modi, R Auyeung, RCY Chrisey, DB AF Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Lippert, T Urech, L Wokaun, A Nagel, M Hopp, B Dinescu, M Modi, R Auyeung, RCY Chrisey, DB TI Excimer laser forward transfer of mammalian cells using a novel triazene absorbing layer SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Laser and Lamp Processing of Functional Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Quantel, Laser 2000, Excel Technol, Irepa Laser, Spectra Phys, Surface DE laser forward transfer; MAPLE DW; triazene polymer ID PATTERNS; PROTEIN AB We present a novel laser-based approach for developing tissue engineered constructs and other cell-based assembly's. We have deposited mesoscopic patterns of viable B35 neuroblasts using a soft direct approach of the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) process. As a development of the conventional direct write process, an intermediate layer of absorbing triazene polymer is used to provide gentler and efficient transfers. Transferred cells were examined for viability and proliferation and compared with that of as-seeded cells to determine the efficacy of the process. Results suggest that successful transfers can be achieved at lower fluences than usual by the incorporation of the intermediate absorbing layer thus avoiding any damage to cells and other delicate materials. MAPLE DW offers rapid computer-controlled deposition of mesoscopic voxels at high spatial resolutions, with extreme versatility in depositing combinations of natural/synthetic. living/non-living, organic/inorganic and hard/soft materials. Our approach offers a gentle and efficient transfer of viable cells which when combined with a variety of matrix materials allows development of constructs and bioactive systems in bioengineering. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, EMPA, Lab Funct Polymers, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest 077125, Romania. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.chrisey@nrl.navy.mil RI Dinescu, Maria/C-4775-2011; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 OI Dinescu, Maria/0000-0001-7327-8714; Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; NR 15 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 13 BP 4743 EP 4747 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.166 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 057VL UT WOS:000238623200079 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, A Patz, T Narayan, RJ Dinescu, M Modi, R Auyeung, RCY Chrisey, DB AF Doraiswamy, A Patz, T Narayan, RJ Dinescu, M Modi, R Auyeung, RCY Chrisey, DB TI Two-dimensional differential adherence of neuroblasts in laser micromachined CAD/CAM agarose channels SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Laser and Lamp Processing of Functional Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Quantel, Laser 2000, Excel Technol, Irepa Laser, Spectra Phys, Surface DE cellular channels; micromachining; nerve bundles ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; PATTERNS; CULTURES; PROTEIN AB Laser micromachining of hydrophobic gels into CAD/CAM patterns was used to develop differentially adherent surfaces and induce the attachment of B35 rat neuroblasts that would later form engineered nerve bundles. Narrow channels, 60-400 mu m wide, were micromachined in a 2% agarose gel using an ArF laser, and subsequently filled with an extracellular matrix gel. Upon the addition of I ml of a 2 x 104 cells/ml neuroblast suspension, the cells selectively adhered to the ECM-lined channels in a non-confluent manner and we monitored their growth at various time points. The adherent neuroblasts were fluorescently imaged with a propidium iodide live/dead assay, which revealed that the cells were alive within the channels. After 72 h growth, the neuroblasts grew, proliferated, and differentiated into nerve bundles. The fully grown I cm long nerve bundle organoids maintained an aspect ratio on the order of 100. The results presented in this paper provide the foundation for laser micromachining technique to develop bioactive substrates for development of three-dimensional tissues. Laser micromachining offers rapid prototyping of substrates, excellent resolution, control of pattern depth and dimensions, and ease of fabrication. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest 077125, Romania. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dinescu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-16 magurele, Bucharest 077125, Romania. RI Dinescu, Maria/C-4775-2011; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Dinescu, Maria/0000-0001-7327-8714; Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 13 BP 4748 EP 4753 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.158 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 057VL UT WOS:000238623200080 ER PT J AU Houser, EJ Chrisey, DB Bercu, M Scarisoreanu, ND Purice, A Colceag, D Constantinescu, C Moldovan, A Dinescu, M AF Houser, EJ Chrisey, DB Bercu, M Scarisoreanu, ND Purice, A Colceag, D Constantinescu, C Moldovan, A Dinescu, M TI Functionalized polysiloxane thin films deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for advanced chemical sensor applications SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Laser and Lamp Processing of Functional Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP Quantel, Laser 2000, Excel Technol, Irepa Laser, Spectra Phys, Surface DE MAPLE; polymer; pulsed laser ID POLYMER AB High-quality thin films of fragile chemoselective polymers with precise and accurate thickness, density and chemical integrity are required for advanced chemical sensor applications. While these attributes are difficult to achieve by conventional methods. we have successfully demonstrated the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) deposition of thin films of especially synthesized fluoro-alcohol substituted carbopolysiloxane polymer coatings. The quadrupled output of a Nd:YAG laser (265 nm) served as the laser source and depositions were done in a background pressure of N-2. Using various solvents appropriate to solvate this polymer (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, acetone and chloroform) and varying the laser fluence, we optimized the deposition of high-quality thin films on 1 cm(2) double-polished silicon substrates. The best solvent used as matrix was proved to be acetone. Under these conditions, the important functional groups were reproduced and observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as compared to the drop cast films and the surface roughness was analysed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and found to be much smoother than conventional wet deposition techniques. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest 077125, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dinescu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-16, Bucharest 077125, Romania. RI Goldner-Constantinescu, Catalin-Daniel/C-2548-2011; Dinescu, Maria/C-4775-2011; Matei, Andreea/D-3851-2011; Colceag, Dan/C-6213-2012; Scarisoreanu, Nicu Doinel/C-4961-2011; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; Matei, Andreea/P-6867-2016 OI Goldner-Constantinescu, Catalin-Daniel/0000-0002-8237-1758; Dinescu, Maria/0000-0001-7327-8714; Scarisoreanu, Nicu Doinel/0000-0003-2222-7268; NR 7 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 13 BP 4871 EP 4876 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.159 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 057VL UT WOS:000238623200102 ER PT J AU Dmitrenko, IA Polyakov, IV Kirillov, SA Timokhov, LA Simmons, HL Ivanov, VV Walsh, D AF Dmitrenko, IA Polyakov, IV Kirillov, SA Timokhov, LA Simmons, HL Ivanov, VV Walsh, D TI Seasonal variability of Atlantic water on the continental slope of the Laptev Sea during 2002-2004 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic water layer; seasonal temperature variations; wind ID ARCTIC-OCEAN AB 2002-04 observations carried out oil the Laptev Sea continental slope as part of the Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System (NABOS) project are used to study variations of the intermediate (150-800 in) Atlantic water (AW) layer of the Arctic Ocean. At the mooring site, AW exhibits seasonal changes, with higher/lower temperature and salinity in winter/summer. This variability is attributed to the shift of the AW core toward the slope in winter and away from the slope in summer. Seasonal variation of wind is among the possible factors governing seasonal changes of the AW layer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dmitrenko, IA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM igordm@iarc.uaf.edu RI Ivanov, Vladimir/J-5979-2014 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 244 IS 3-4 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.067 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 040LA UT WOS:000237378900018 ER PT J AU Kaminska, E Kaminski, K Paluch, M Ngai, KL AF Kaminska, E Kaminski, K Paluch, M Ngai, KL TI Primary and secondary relaxations in supercooled eugenol and isoeugenol at ambient and elevated pressures: Dependence on chemical microstructure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LIQUIDS; VISCOSITY; FORMERS; TIME; DISPERSION AB Dielectric loss spectra of two glass-forming isomers, eugenol and isoeugenol, measured at ambient and elevated pressures in the normal liquid, supercooled, and glassy states are presented. The isomeric chemical compounds studied differ only by the location of the double bond in the alkyl chain. Above the glass transition temperature T-g, the dielectric loss spectra of both isomers exhibit an excess wing on the high frequency flank of the loss peak of the alpha relaxation and an additional faster gamma process at the megahertz frequency range. By decreasing temperature below T-g at ambient pressure or by elevating pressure above P-g, the glass transition pressure, at constant temperature, the excess wing of isoeugenol shifts to lower frequencies and is transformed into a secondary beta-loss peak, while in eugenol it becomes a shoulder. These spectral features enable the beta-relaxation time tau(beta) to be determined in the glassy state. These changes indicate that the excess wings in isoeugenol and eugenol are similar and both are secondary beta relaxations that are not resolved in the liquid state. While in both isoeugenol and eugenol the loss peak of the beta relaxation in the glassy state and the corresponding excess wing in the liquid state shifts to lower frequencies on elevating pressure, the locations of their gamma relaxation show little change with increasing pressure. The different pressure sensitivities of the excess wing and gamma relaxation are further demonstrated by the nearly perfect superposition of the alpha-loss peak together with excess wing from the data taken at ambient pressure and at elevated pressure (and higher temperature so as to have the same alpha-peak frequency), but not the gamma-loss peak in both isoeugenol and eugenol. On physical aging isoeugenol, the beta-loss peak shifts to lower frequencies, but not the gamma relaxation. Basing on these experimental facts, the faster gamma relaxation is a local intramolecular process involving a side group and the slower beta relaxation mimics the structural alpha relaxation in behavior, involves the entire molecule and satisfies the criteria for being the Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation. Analysis and interpretation of the spectra utilizing the coupling model further demonstrate that the excess wings seen in the equilibrium liquid states of these two isomers are their genuine Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM mpaluch@us.edu.pl NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 16 AR 164511 DI 10.1063/1.2191053 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 037HC UT WOS:000237136700030 PM 16674150 ER PT J AU Tonn, DA Bansal, R AF Tonn, DA Bansal, R TI Insulated antenna with metamaterial coating operating in lossy medium SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The problem of an insulated electric dipole antenna that has been coated with a layer of a double negative metamaterial operating in a lossy medium is considered. Theoretical predictions of its input impedance indicate that it may be possible to significantly improve the bandwidth of such an antenna with the proper selection of material parameters. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tonn, DA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM tonnda@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 27 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 505 EP 506 DI 10.1049/el:20060416 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 046RZ UT WOS:000237830000005 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Rogge, MS Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ AF Urick, VJ Rogge, MS Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ TI Wideband (0.045-6.25 GHz) 40 km analogue fibre-optic link with ultra-high (> 40dB) all-photonic gain SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-RANGE; OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; NOISE AB A low-biased Mach-Zehnder modulator, optical amplification, and a high-power photodetector are employed to achieve all-photonic link gain as high as 44 dB over a transmission length of 40 kin. The link has a 3 dB bandwidth of 6.25 GHz and a 20 dB noise figure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 27 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 552 EP 553 DI 10.1049/e1:20060166 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 046RZ UT WOS:000237830000036 ER PT J AU Chavko, M McCarron, RM AF Chavko, M McCarron, RM TI Extension of brain tolerance to hyperbaric O-2 by intermittent air breaks is relate d to the time of CBF increase SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyperbaric oxygen; tolerance; convulsion; intermittency; rat ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; OXYGEN-INDUCED SEIZURES; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RATS; THERAPY; HYPEROXIA AB Intermittent air breaks during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) exposures protect against pulmonary and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. The mechanisms of this beneficial effect from intermittency are not known. In this study, we examined if release of vasoconstriction during HBO2 exposure indicates a threshold for toxic dose of HBO2 and how it may be related to tolerance by intermittency. Awake rats instrumented for EEG and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement were exposed to 100% O-2 at 6 ATA (absolute pressure). Air breaks of 3 or 10 min were given at different times after CBF increase. Following the air break, animals were exposed to 100% 02 until seizure and total 02 time was used to calculate benefit/toxicity. The most beneficial schedule was then used to assess the role of the multiple air breaks in extension of HBO2 tolerance. A significant increase in seizure latency was observed in animals with a single 3- or 10 min air break given S-10 min after CBF increase. No change in seizure latency was observed when air breaks were given beyond (> 10 and < 5 min) this window. The duration of total 02 time to seizures was doubled with multiple 3 min air breaks, and quadrupled with 10 min air breaks compared with continuous HBO2 exposures. With more time spent on O-2, the duration of air breaks was not sufficient for recovery from O-2 toxicity and for CBF to return to baseline. Results show that an "optimal window" of HBO2 exposure is required for benefits by intermittent exposure to air. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Hyperbar Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Hyperbar Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chavkom@nmrc.navy.mil NR 32 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD APR 21 PY 2006 VL 1084 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.014 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 049XO UT WOS:000238051300019 PM 16546146 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI The structure of low-index surfaces of beta-Ga2O3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; surface structure; surface energy; gallium oxide; Hartree-Fock; nanoribbons ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; HYBRID FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GALLIUM OXIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BAND-STRUCTURE AB The physical and electronic structure of the (1 0 0), (0 1 0), (0 0 1) and (1 0 (1) over bar) faces of beta-Ga2O3 are addressed using ab initio theory. Restricted Hartree-Fock calculations, with large-core Ga and O pseudopotentials, are done to optimize the structure of first the bulk and then of slabs "cut" in the required orientations. The slab unit cells are fully relaxed during optimization, and the displacements of all atoms from the ideally-terminated positions are obtained as functions of depth into the bulk. For the relaxed slabs, single-point density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP functional and all-electron basis sets are performed to obtain surface energies, ionic charges and bond overlap populations. All surfaces exhibit a decrease in surface energy upon relaxation, and the local bonding at the surface is analyzed by comparing nearest-neighbor bond lengths and overlap populations with those in the bulk. The (1 0 1) surface, which exhibits a high energy when ideally terminated, undergoes large displacements and changes in bonding during relaxation leading to a substantial lowering of the surface energy. The band structure is also obtained for the lowest-energy surface, which is one of the possible non-polar terminations of the (1 0 0). The results provide insight into the growth and structure of beta-Ga2O3 nanoribbons. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2006 VL 323 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.08.051 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 040KT UT WOS:000237378100007 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F AF Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F TI Chromatic dispersion effects in analog polarization-modulated links SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SHIFT KEYING MODULATION; SYSTEMS AB The effect of chromatic dispersion on a photonic link employing polarization modulation is studied analytically and experimentally. For analog polarization modulation, dispersion introduces a frequency-dependent rotation to the orientation of modulation about the center of modulation. As a result, the dispersion-limited bandwidth of the link will depend on receiver design. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 12 BP 2742 EP 2748 DI 10.1364/AO.45.002742 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039HO UT WOS:000237296800022 PM 16633424 ER PT J AU Hopfner, M Larsen, N Spang, R Luo, BP Ma, J Svendsen, SH Eckermann, SD Knudsen, B Massoli, P Cairo, F Stiller, G Von Clarmann, T Fischer, H AF Hopfner, M Larsen, N Spang, R Luo, BP Ma, J Svendsen, SH Eckermann, SD Knudsen, B Massoli, P Cairo, F Stiller, G Von Clarmann, T Fischer, H TI MIPAS detects Antarctic stratospheric belt of NAT PSCs caused by mountain waves SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; ACID TRIHYDRATE NAT; SOLVE/THESEO 2000; WINTER 2002/2003; CLOUD FORMATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; EXPLAIN DENITRIFICATION; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS AB Space borne infrared limb emission measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding ( MIPAS) reveal the formation of a belt of polar stratospheric clouds ( PSCs) of nitric acid trihydrate ( NAT) particles over Antarctica in mid-June 2003. By mesoscale microphysical simulations we show that this sudden onset of NAT PSCs was caused by heterogeneous nucleation on ice in the cooling phases of large-amplitude stratospheric mountain waves over the Antarctic Peninsula and the Ellsworth Mountains. MIPAS observations of PSCs before this event show no indication for the presence of NAT clouds with volume densities larger than about 0.3 mu m(3)/cm(3) and radii smaller than 3 mu m, but are consistent with supercooled droplets of ternary H2SO4/HNO3/H2O solution ( STS). Simulations indicate that homogeneous surface nucleation rates have to be reduced by three orders of magnitude to comply with the observations. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Danish Meteorol Inst, Middle Atmosphere Res Div, Copenhagen, Denmark. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare, Julich, Germany. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Atmosphare & Klima, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy. RP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM michael.hoepfner@imk.fzk.de RI von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Larsen, Niels/G-3145-2014; cairo, francesco/C-7460-2015; Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013 OI von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; cairo, francesco/0000-0002-2886-2601; Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873 NR 64 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 1221 EP 1230 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 034SE UT WOS:000236950100002 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM TI First principles calculation of the mechanical compression of two organic molecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; BETA-CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENE TETRANITRAMINE; AB-INITIO; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ELECTRON-GAS; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; REFINEMENT; EXCHANGE AB The mechanical compression curves for the organic molecular crystals 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene and beta-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (beta-HMX) are calculated using the Hartree-Fock approximation to the solutions of the many-body Schrodinger equation for a periodic system as implemented in the computer program CRYSTAL. No correction was made for basis set superposition error. The equilibrium lattice parameters are reproduced to within 1% of reported experimental values. Pressure values on the isotherm also agree well with reported experimental values. To obtain accurate results, the relaxation of all the atomic coordinates as well as the lattice parameters under a fixed volume constraint was required. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM ZerilliFJ@ih.navy.mil NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 15 BP 5173 EP 5179 DI 10.1021/jp0605754 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 035HP UT WOS:000236991900031 PM 16610841 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Paluch, M Kaminska, E Ngai, KL AF Pawlus, S Paluch, M Kaminska, E Ngai, KL TI Anomalous narrowing of the structural relaxation dispersion of tris(dimethylsiloxy)phenylsilane at elevated pressures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; GLASS-FORMERS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; TIME AB Broadband dielectric relaxation measurements of tris(dimethylsiloxy)phenylsilane were made at ambient pressure and at elevated pressures. The data show an anomalous behavior not previously seen in any other glass-formers; namely, the structural alpha-relaxation loss peak narrows with increasing pressure and temperature at constant peak frequency. Interpreted by the coupling model, the effect is due to reduction of intermolecular coupling at elevated pressures. This interpretation has support from the observed decrease of the separation between the alpha-relaxation and the Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation, as well as the smaller steepness or "fragility" index m of the data obtained at 1.7 GPa than at ambient pressure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Pawlus, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 15 BP 7678 EP 7681 DI 10.1021/jp056376m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 035HR UT WOS:000236992100014 PM 16610860 ER PT J AU Wolak, MA Melinger, JS Lane, PA Palilis, LC Landis, CA Delcamp, J Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH AF Wolak, MA Melinger, JS Lane, PA Palilis, LC Landis, CA Delcamp, J Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH TI Photophysical properties of dioxolane-substituted pentacene derivatives dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminum(III) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLET EXCITONS; SOLID FILMS; TRIS-(8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE) ALUMINUM; FUNCTIONALIZED PENTACENE; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; RED EMITTERS; DEVICES; EMISSION AB Two novel dioxolane-substituted pentacene derivatives, namely, 6,14-bis-(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-dicyclopenta[b,m]pentacene (TP-5) and 2,2,10,10-tetraethyl-6,14-bis-(triisopropylsilyiethynyl)-1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-dicyclopenta[b,in]pentacene (EtTP-5), have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Here, we examine the steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) of solid-state composite films containing these pentacene derivatives dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminium(III) (Alq(3)). The films show narrow red emission and high absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (phi(PL) = 59% and 76% for films containing similar to 0.25 mol % TP-5 and EtTP-5, respectively). The Forster transfer radius for both guest-host systems is estimated to be similar to 33 angstrom. The TP-5/Alq(3) thin films show a marked decrease in phi(PL) with increasing guest molecule concentrations, accompanied by dramatic changes in the PL spectra. suggesting that intermolecular interactions between pentacene molecules result in the formation of weakly radiative aggregates. In contrast, a lesser degree of fluorescence quenching is observed for EtTP-5/Alq(3) films. The measured fluorescence lifetimes of TP-5 and EtTP-5 are similar (similar to 18 ns) at low concentrations but deviate at higher concentrations as aggregation begins to play a role in the TP-5/Alq3 films. The onset of aggregation in EtTP5/Alq(3) films occurs at higher guest molecule concentrations (> 1.00 mol %). The addition of ethyl groups on the terminal dioxolane rings leads to an increase in the intermolecular spacing in the solid, thereby reducing the tendency for pi-pi molecular stacking and aggregation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kafafi@nrl.navy.mil OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 15 BP 7928 EP 7937 DI 10.1021/jp0511045 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 035HR UT WOS:000236992100045 PM 16610891 ER PT J AU Fortmann, CM Mawyin, J Tonucci, RJ Mahan, AH AF Fortmann, CM Mawyin, J Tonucci, RJ Mahan, AH TI Photonic amorphous silicon device technology SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD Process CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, NETHERLANDS HO Utrecht Univ DE photonic; hydrogen implantation; waveguides ID GAP AB Optically smooth hot-wire deposited films were characterized with respect to the photonic application by examination of the slab wave guiding of the room temperature bulk photoluminescence. Films displayed strong photo luminescence as well as strong slab wave guiding of the light to the edge. These properties are consistent with materials suitable for photonic engineering. Waveguide structures were prepared using previously described hydrogen implantation techniques and tested using novel methods. We report the first successful demonstration of refractive index engineered amorphous silicon devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fortmann, CM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM fortmann@ams.sunysb.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 501 IS 1-2 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.149 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 021JN UT WOS:000235979600086 ER PT J AU Yesinowski, JP Purdy, AP Wu, HQ Spencer, MG Hunting, J DiSalvo, FJ AF Yesinowski, JP Purdy, AP Wu, HQ Spencer, MG Hunting, J DiSalvo, FJ TI Distributions of conduction electrons as manifested in MAS NMR of gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAN; POWDERS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yesinowski@nrl.navy.mil RI Wu, Huaqiang/I-3013-2015 OI Wu, Huaqiang/0000-0001-8359-7997 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 15 BP 4952 EP 4953 DI 10.1021/ja0604865 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 034GN UT WOS:000236917200016 PM 16608319 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Blum, AS Vora, GJ Lebedev, N Meador, CE Won, AP Chatterji, A Johnson, JE Ratna, BR AF Soto, CM Blum, AS Vora, GJ Lebedev, N Meador, CE Won, AP Chatterji, A Johnson, JE Ratna, BR TI Fluorescent signal amplification of carbocyanine dyes using engineered viral nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; ICOSAHEDRAL VIRUS; MICROARRAYS; STRATEGIES AB We report enhancement in the fluorescent signal of the carbocyanine dye Cy5 by using an engineered virus as a scaffold to attach > 40 Cy5 reporter molecules at fixed locations on the viral capsid. Although cyanine dye loading is often accompanied by fluorescence quenching, our results demonstrate that organized spatial distribution of Cy5 reporter molecules on the capsid obviates this commonly encountered problem. In addition, we observe energy transfer from the virus to adducted dye molecules, resulting in a highly fluorescent viral nanoparticle. We have used this enhanced fluorescence for the detection of DNA-DNA hybridization. When compared with the most often used detection methods in a microarray-based genotyping assay for Vibrio cholerae O139, these viral nanoparticles markedly increased assay sensitivity, thus demonstrating their applicability for existing DNA microarray protocols. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Ctr Interact Mol Biosci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cmsoto@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; brr@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 25 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 19 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 15 BP 5184 EP 5189 DI 10.1021/ja058574x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 034GN UT WOS:000236917200052 PM 16608355 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI High-power and high-efficiency midwave-infrared interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID W-DIODE-LASERS; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB A ten-stage interband cascade laser emitting at 3.3-3.6 mu m exhibits a voltage drop only 4% above the theoretical minimum, and operates to room temperature in pulsed mode. At 78 K, a five-stage device mounted epitaxial-side-up with coated facets has a maximum cw wallplug efficiency of 21%, and a second device produces up to 1.1 W of cw power. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 17 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 16 AR 161103 DI 10.1063/1.2195778 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000236969300003 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY Jordan, N AF Jensen, KL Lau, YY Jordan, N TI Emission nonuniformity due to profilimetry variation in thermionic cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; UNIFORMITY; MAGNETRON; FIELD; GUN AB A model is developed which shows that the micron-scale ridges, introduced by the surface machining of thermionic dispenser cathodes, may lead to significant angular variations in the macroscopic current density on ring-shaped cathodes commonly used in gyrotrons. An account of the local enhancement in the microscopic emission current density on the ridges is considered for a representative physical model, which shows that the angular variation in current may be pronounced and accounted for by variations in ridges as a consequence of large scale profilimetry variations resulting from machining. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Jordan, Nicholas/0000-0001-9518-4284 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 16 AR 164105 DI 10.1063/1.2197605 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000236969300118 ER PT J AU Luber, DR Bradley, FM Haegel, NM Talmadge, MC Coleman, MP Boone, TD AF Luber, DR Bradley, FM Haegel, NM Talmadge, MC Coleman, MP Boone, TD TI Imaging transport for the determination of minority carrier diffusion length SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE ABSOLUTE MOBILITY; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; DOPED GAAS AB A scanning electron microscope technique is used, in combination with an optical imaging system, to measure minority carrier diffusion length in a heavily doped GaAs double heterostructure. Diffusion and drift of charge are imaged. A diffusion length of 3.6 mu m is measured, corresponding to a minority carrier mobility of 1150 cm(2)/Vs in p-type material doped similar to 5x10(18) cm(-3). Measurements are made as a function of local electric field and sample temperature. The technique offers a flexible approach to direct measurement of transport properties and is applicable to a range of luminescent materials and multilayer devices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Luber, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 16 AR 163509 DI 10.1063/1.2196236 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 034ZL UT WOS:000236969300109 ER PT J AU Rashid, AN Deschamps, JR AF Rashid, AN Deschamps, JR TI Molecular origin of the non-centrosymmetric packing in an inclusion complex between p-nitroaniline and deoxycholic acid for second harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE non-linear optics; supramolecular; cyclodextrin; inclusion complex; host-guest; channel packing; structure elucidation ID 2ND-ORDER OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; 2-1-1 CANAL COMPLEX; CHANNELS; WATER AB We report a crystal structure for a supramolecular complex of deoxycholic acid and p-nitroaniline. In this complex, p-nitroaniline is included in the chiral host. We discuss the guest molecule orientations and disorder in terms of the potential non-linear activity of the noncentrosymmetric crystals. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Quantum Elect, Nonlinear Opt Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rashid, AN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM anrashid35@yahoo.com OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 17 PY 2006 VL 787 IS 1-3 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.11.010 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 048IP UT WOS:000237941100028 ER PT J AU Moreno-Bondi, MC Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS AF Moreno-Bondi, MC Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS TI Multiplexed measurement of serum antibodies using an array biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; antibody production; biosensor; array; immunization; disease exposure; seroconversion ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; ANTIGEN MICROARRAYS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; VACCINE; IMMUNOASSAY; RESPONSES; PEPTIDES AB The array biosensor provides the capability for simultaneously measuring titers of antibody against multiple antigens. Human antibodies against four different targets, tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and hepatitis 13, were measured simultaneously in sera from eight different donors in a single assay and titers were determined. The assays could measure amounts of bound antibody as low as approximately 100 fg. Each individual serum exhibited a different pattern of reactivity against the four target antigens. Applications of this biosensor capability include monitoring for exposure to pathogens and for efficacy of vaccination. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Complutense, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Analit, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Moreno-Bondi, Maria/H-3138-2011 OI Moreno-Bondi, Maria/0000-0002-3612-0675 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000680] NR 55 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1880 EP 1886 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.018 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032EG UT WOS:000236756100006 PM 16434176 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Krisin Marwoto, H Richie, TL Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK AF Maguire, JD Krisin Marwoto, H Richie, TL Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK TI Mefloquine is highly efficacious against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax malaria and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Papua, Indonesia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES; IRIAN-JAYA; ANTIMALARIAL; PRIMAQUINE; IMMUNITY; DRUGS AB Background. During the period of 1996-1999, we prospectively monitored 243 Javanese adults and children after arriving in Papua, Indonesia, and microscopically documented each new case of malaria by active surveillance. Methods. In a randomized, open-label, comparative malaria treatment trial, 72 adults and 50 children received chloroquine for each incident case of malaria, and 74 adults and 47 children received mefloquine. Results. Among 975 primary treatment courses, the cumulative 28-day curative efficacies were 26% and 82% for chloroquine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax malaria, respectively. Mefloquine cure rates were far superior (96% against P. falciparum malaria and 99.6% against P. vivax malaria). Conclusions. Mefloquine is a useful alternative treatment for P. vivax malaria and P. falciparum malaria in areas such as Papua, where chloroquine is still recommended as the first-line therapeutic agent. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Infect Dis, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jdmaguire@mar.med.navy.mil RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 23 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.1086/501357 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 023CC UT WOS:000236101800001 PM 16575721 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Henderson, E Wu, PK Pietron, J Ray, R Little, B Biffinger, JC Jones-Meehan, JM AF Ringeisen, BR Henderson, E Wu, PK Pietron, J Ray, R Little, B Biffinger, JC Jones-Meehan, JM TI High power density from a miniature microbial fuel cell using Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; WASTE-WATER; BIOFUEL CELL; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MEMBRANE; GLUCOSE AB A miniature microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC) is described that demonstrates high output power per device cross-section (2.0 cm(2)) and volume (1.2 cm(3)). Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 in growth medium with lactate and buffered ferricyanide solutions were used as the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. Maximum power densities of 24 and 10 mW/m(2) were measured using the true surface areas of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and graphite felt (GF) electrodes without the addition of exogenous mediators in the anolyte. Current densities at maximum power were measured as 44 and 20 mA/m(2) for RVC and GF, while short circuit current densities reached 32 mA/m(2) for GF anodes and 100 mA/m(2) for RVC. When the power density for GF was calculated using the cross sectional area of the device or the volume of the anode chamber, we found values (3 W/m(2), 500 W/m(3)) similar to the maxima reported in the literature. The addition of electron mediators resulted in current and power increases of 30-100%. These power densities were surprisingly high considering a pure S. oneidensis culture was used. We found that the short diffusion lengths and high surface-area-to-chamber volume ratio utilized in the mini-MFC enhanced power density when compared to output from similar macroscopic MFCs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 231 Z9 256 U1 10 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2629 EP 2634 DI 10.1021/es052254w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035HX UT WOS:000236992700025 PM 16683602 ER PT J AU Calame, JP AF Calame, J. P. TI Finite difference simulations of permittivity and electric field statistics in ceramic-polymer composites for capacitor applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; EFFECTIVE DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS; INSULATOR COMPOSITES; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; PERCOLATION; SPHERES; MODEL; RELAXATION AB Finite difference quasielectrostatic modeling is used to predict the complex dielectric permittivity of barium titanium oxide (BTO)-polymer composites of interest for capacitor applications. The simulations explore the effects of the microstructural arrangement of spherical ceramic particles, the volume filling fraction of ceramic, and the type of polymer on the composite permittivity. For composites with randomly positioned ceramic particles, a soft percolation regime is found between volume filling fractions of 0.35 and 0.5 that leads to a more gradual growth in permittivity compared to ordered arrangements of particles. For BTO dispersed in a representative relaxor ferroelectric polymer, dielectric constants as high as 300 are predicted at a filling fraction of 0.45. Electric field statistics inside the composites are also computed, and localized intensification factors in the range of three to eight times the applied field are predicted, with an incrementally linear growth in high-field probability with increasing filling fraction in the soft percolation regime. The deleterious effect of air voids on composite permittivity is also explored. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 084101 DI 10.1063/1.2188032 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200037 ER PT J AU Carpenter, EE Long, JW Rolison, DR Logan, MS Pettigrew, K Stroud, RM Kuhn, LT Hansen, BR Morup, S AF Carpenter, EE Long, JW Rolison, DR Logan, MS Pettigrew, K Stroud, RM Kuhn, LT Hansen, BR Morup, S TI Magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopy studies of nanocrystalline iron oxide aerogels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICA AEROGELS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; METHANOL AB A sol-gel synthesis was used to produce iron oxide aerogels. These nanocrystalline aerogels have a pore-solid structure similar to silica aerogels but are composed entirely of iron oxides. Mossbauer experiments and x-ray diffraction showed that the as-prepared aerogel is an amorphous or poorly crystalline iron oxide, which crystallized as a partially oxidized magnetite during heating in argon. After further heat treatment in air, the nanocrystallites are fully converted to maghemite. The particles are superparamagnetic at high temperatures, but the magnetic properties are strongly influenced by magnetic interactions between the particles at lower temperatures. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. RP Carpenter, EE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Box 2006, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM ecarpenter2@vcu.edu RI morup, steen/A-7944-2011; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Hansen, Britt/G-5821-2014; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI morup, steen/0000-0001-6074-1634; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Hansen, Britt/0000-0002-4845-1789; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Kuhn, Luise Theil/0000-0002-8403-1319 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 08N711 DI 10.1063/1.2176894 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200620 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA Pedersen, M Nowak, ER Cheng, SF Nordman, CA AF Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA Pedersen, M Nowak, ER Cheng, SF Nordman, CA TI Progress toward a thousandfold reduction in 1/f noise in magnetic sensors using an ac microelectromechanical system flux concentrator (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-VALVE SENSORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FLUCTUATIONS; FILM AB The potential advantage of some magnetic sensors having a large response is greatly decreased because of the 1/f noise. We are developing a device, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator, that will mitigate the effect of this 1/f noise. It does this by placing flux concentrators on MEMS structures that oscillate at kilohertz frequencies. By shifting the operating frequency, the 1/f noise will be reduced by one to three orders of magnitude depending upon the sensor and the desired operating frequency. We have succeeded in fabricating the necessary MEMS structures and observing the desired kilohertz normal-mode resonant frequencies. Only microwatts are required to drive the motion. We have used spin valves for our magnetic sensors. The measured field enhancement provided by the flux concentrators agrees to within 4% with the value estimated from finite element calculations. No difference was detected in noise measurements on spin valves with and without the flux concentrators. This result provides strong evidence for the validity of our device concept. Solutions to the sole remaining fabrication problem will be discussed. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. MEMS Exchange, Reston, VA 20191 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 08B317 DI 10.1063/1.2170067 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200111 ER PT J AU Joshi, S Yoon, SD Yang, A Sun, NX Vittoria, C Harris, VG Goswami, R Willard, M Shi, N AF Joshi, S Yoon, SD Yang, A Sun, NX Vittoria, C Harris, VG Goswami, R Willard, M Shi, N TI Structure and magnetism of nanocrystalline exchange-coupled (Ni0.67Co0.25Fe0.08)(89-x)Zr7B4Cux (x=0,1) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; ALLOY FE73.5NB3CU1SI13.5B9; COERCIVITY AB Structural and magnetic characterizations of nanocrystalline films of (Ni0.67Co0.25Fe0.08)(89-x)Zr7B4Cux (x=0,1) alloys are reported. The films were grown on quartz substrates using pulsed laser deposition from homogeneous targets of the above compositions at substrate temperatures ranging from ambient to 600 degrees C. Structural properties were measured by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, whereas the magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance. The resulting films exist as a two phase alloy with face-centered-cubic metallic grains suspended in an amorphous matrix. For both the x=1 and x=0 alloys, the softest magnetic properties (coercivity H-c < 0.5 Oe, 4 pi M-s similar to 7000 G) coincided to a deposition at 300 degrees C in which the fcc grain size (D) was 6-8 nm separated by an amorphous phase of similar to 1 nm. At higher substrate temperatures (T-s) grain size follow a T-s(2) dependence, while at lower temperatures the grain size is comparable but the volume of the amorphous matrix is larger and hence the exchange coupling is comparatively weak. A power law relationship is observed between the coercivity and grain size with H-c alpha D-3. These results are consistent with the results of Suzuki [J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 949 (1998)] for the nanostructure being dominated by a uniaxial anisotropy. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hitachi GST, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. RP Joshi, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM sjoshi@coe.neu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Sun, Nian-xiang/G-8330-2011 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 08F115 DI 10.1063/1.2176909 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200302 ER PT J AU Luber, DR Haegel, NM AF Luber, DR Haegel, NM TI Direct imaging of electron-beam interaction region SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a method for charge recombination imaging in the scanning electron microscope and employ this technique to directly image the two-dimensional projection of the generation volume as a function of electron energy and probe current. Using GaAs and SiC bulk samples, we observe the lateral extent of the generation volume increasing as a function of increasing e-beam accelerating voltage, in excellent agreement with previous work. This work also reveals significant variations in minority carrier distribution within the volume for low-Z compared to the high-Z material. The roles of sample geometry and carrier diffusion are discussed. The direct imaging technique used in this work is well suited for further studies of the nature of the effective interaction region for cathodoluminescence or electron-beam induced current studies in any luminescent material. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luber, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 AR 083508 DI 10.1063/1.2189934 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040TV UT WOS:000237404200021 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Ericson, LM Stroud, RM Pettigrew, KA Pehrsson, PE AF Simpkins, BS Ericson, LM Stroud, RM Pettigrew, KA Pehrsson, PE TI Gallium-based catalysts for growth of GaN nanowires SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; chemical vapor deposition processes; nanomaterials; nitrides; GaN; nanowires; semiconducting III-V compounds ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; NITRIDE NANOWIRES; EPITAXY AB Gallium nitride nanowires (GaN NWs) are traditionally fabricated using foreign metal catalysts. with an accompanying risk of increased contamination of the grown material and associated electrical and optical device degradation. Catalyst-free growth suffers from the inability to direct NW growth into predefined device architectures. In the present work, GaN NWs were fabricated by atmospheric CVD with a Ga-based catalyst, thus avoiding the dangers of foreign metal contamination while retaining the ability to spatially control NW growth. The effect of the total gas flow rate on wire morphology was examined and explained as a consequence of increasing Ga concentration with gas flow. Transmission electron microscopy was used to compare the crystalline structure of NWs grown from Ga(NO3)(3)-derived catalysts to that of the more conventional, Ni-catalyzed wires. Electron diffraction confirmed that both NW types exhibited the wurtzite crystal structure. The single crystal Ni-catalyzed NWs showed predominantly a [0 1 1] growth direction, whereas the Ga-based catalyst resulted in wires composed of single crystal segments with predominantly [0 0 1] or [1 1 1] growth directions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Magnetoelect Mat & Devices, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol, Code 6176,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.12.095 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 030TD UT WOS:000236656600020 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Park, C Vella, J AF Dutta, I Park, C Vella, J TI Effect of internal stresses on thermo-mechanical stability of interconnect structures in microelectronic devices SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Internal Stress and Thermo-Mechanical Behavior in Mult-Component Materials Systems held at the TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS DE back-end structure; Cu interconnects; low-K dielectric; plasticity; interfacial sliding; thermo-mechanical cycling ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; CU THIN-FILM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CREEP; AL; COMPOSITES AB Interconnect structures in microelectronic devices can deform via unusual, scale-sensitive phenomena due to thermo-mechanical loads sustained during processing, or during service as part of a microelectronic package. Examples include creep/plasticity of Cu interconnect lines embedded in a dielectric layer at the back-end of Si chip, and diffusionally accommodated sliding at Cu-dielectric interfaces. These effects may result in in-plane (IP) changes in Cu line dimensions, cause strain incompatibilities between Cu and LKD in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction, and cause Cu lines to migrate or crawl under far-field shear stresses imposed by the package. In this paper, a shear-lag based model is utilized to simulate IP and OOP deformation in a Cu-LKD interconnect structure on a Si substrate under thermal cycling conditions associated with processing. A separate model, which simulates IP deformation of Cu interconnects embedded in LKD under then-no-mechanical cycling conditions imposed when the chip is attached to a package, is also presented. The models, which incorporate a constitutive interfacial sliding law developed previously, help rationalize experimental atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations of inelastic strain accrual in Cu lines, and the development of dimensional incompatibility between adjoining components in devices, during thermal cycling. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Freescale Semicond, Proc & Analyt Lab, PALAZ, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 421 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.010 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 038QJ UT WOS:000237237700014 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Dutta, I Majumdar, BS AF Wang, Z Dutta, I Majumdar, BS TI Thermal cycle response of a lead-free solder reinforced with adaptive shape memory alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Internal Stress and Thermo-Mechanical Behavior in Multi-Component Materials Systems held at the TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS DE solders; electronic packaging; shape memory alloy; NiTi; creep; composite; Eshelby ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; IN-SITU COMPOSITE; CRACK-GROWTH-RATE; SN-AG SOLDER; STRAIN DISTRIBUTION; JOINTS; FATIGUE; MICROSTRUCTURE; CREEP; BEHAVIOR AB Shape memory alloy (SMA) discontinuous reinforcements in a solder matrix have the potential to reduce inelastic strains and improve thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) life of solder joints. In this work, concept viability was tested on a simpler configuration consisting of a single NiTi wire embedded in a cylindrical Sn-3.5Ag solder matrix. The composite samples were thermally cycled at a constant shear stress under double shear loading perpendicular to the fiber axis, and the local shear displacement was monitored. The local displacement plots indicate significant reduction in creep rate of the SMA reinforced composite versus a control Cu-wire reinforced composite, suggesting that SMA particulate reinforcements may be a feasible option. In order to understand and model the composite response, tests were also conducted on the bare NiTi wire. A preliminary model based on Eshelby's transformation strains provided reasonable agreement with the displacement response of the composites; (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM majumdar@nmt.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 421 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.msea.10.026 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 038QJ UT WOS:000237237700015 ER PT J AU Chen, L Freitag, MH Sullivan, C Dickson, C Brancati, F AF Chen, L Freitag, MH Sullivan, C Dickson, C Brancati, F TI Process analysis of patient's dismissal in an American University clinic SO MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK LA German DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Med Management & Gesundheitswissensch, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. USN, Norfolk, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Ctr Innovat Qual Patient Care, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Freitag, Michael/G-4887-2011 OI Freitag, Michael/0000-0002-7572-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & VOGEL PI MUNICH PA NEUMARKTER STRASSE 43, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0723-5003 J9 MED KLIN JI Med. Klin. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP A111 EP A111 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 042WT UT WOS:000237562000356 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Keen, TR Wang, DW Hulbert, MS AF Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Keen, TR Wang, DW Hulbert, MS TI Bottom scour observed under Hurricane Ivan SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WAVES; BED AB Observations that extensive bottom scour along the outer continental shelf under Hurricane Ivan resulted in the displacement of more than 100 million cubic meters of sediment from a 35 x 15 km region directly under the storm's path are presented. Sediment resuspension was accomplished by the extreme waves generated by Ivan and transported by strong near-bottom wind-driven currents. The sediment transport was primarily westward along the shelf, but also contained a significant offshore component, suggesting sediment was transported toward the Mississippi Delta and that it may have accumulated near the shelf break and on the upper continental slope. The maximum observed scour of about 32 and 36 cm took place at two locations approximately 17 km apart along the 60 m isobath over which the maximum wind stress occurred. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 AR L07607 DI 10.1029/2005GL025281 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 039DJ UT WOS:000237281000003 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Schmitt, HR AF Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Schmitt, HR TI Vega is a rapidly rotating star SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; A-TYPE STARS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; CALIBRATION; PHOTOMETRY; CONTINUUM; ALTAIR; FLUX AB Vega, the second brightest star in the northern hemisphere, serves as a primary spectral type standard(1). Although its spectrum is dominated by broad hydrogen lines, the narrower lines of the heavy elements suggested slow to moderate rotation, giving confidence that the ground-based calibration of its visible spectrum could be safely extrapolated into the ultraviolet and near-infrared (through atmosphere models(2)), where it also serves as the primary photometric calibrator. But there have been problems: the star is too bright compared to its peers(3) and it has unusually shaped absorption line profiles, leading some(4,5) to suggest that it is a distorted, rapidly rotating star seen pole-on. Here we report optical interferometric observations that show that Vega has the asymmetric brightness distribution of the bright, slightly offset polar axis of a star rotating at 93 per cent of its breakup speed. In addition to explaining the unusual brightness and line shape peculiarities, this result leads to the prediction of an excess of near-infrared emission compared to the visible, in agreement with observations(6,7). The large temperature differences predicted across its surface call into question composition determinations, adding uncertainty to Vega's age and opening the possibility that its debris disk(8) could be substantially older than previously thought(9,10). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Seabrook Engn, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. Interferomet Inc, Herndon, VA USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu NR 29 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 13 PY 2006 VL 440 IS 7086 BP 896 EP 899 DI 10.1038/nature04661 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 031WU UT WOS:000236736700032 PM 16612375 ER PT J AU Roy, RS Gopi, HN Raghothama, S Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Roy, RS Gopi, HN Raghothama, S Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Hybrid peptide hairpins containing alpha- and omega-amino acids: Conformational analysis of decapeptides with unsubstituted beta-, gamma-, and delta-residues at positions 3 and 8 SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amino acids; conformation analysis; crystal structure; peptides; protein folding ID HELICAL SECONDARY STRUCTURE; X-RAY-CRYSTAL; BONDED RINGS; NMR-SOLUTION; OLIGOMERS; FOLDAMERS; DESIGN; SUBSTITUTION; SEGMENT AB The effects of inserting unsubstituted omega-amino acids into the strand segments of model beta-hairpin peptides was investigated by using four synthetic decapeptides, Boc-Lcu-Val-Xxx-Val-D-Pro-Gly-Leu-Xxx-Val-Val- OMe: pepticle 1 (Xxx=Gly), pepticle 2 (Xxx=beta Gly=beta hGly=homoglycine, beta-glycine), pepticle 3 (Xxx=gamma Abu=gamma-aminobutyric acid), pepticle 4 (Xxx= delta Ava=delta-aminovaleric acid). H-1 NMR studies (500 MHz, methanol) reveal several critical cross-strand NOEs, providing evidence for P-hairpin conformations in peptides 2-4. In peptide 3, the NMR results support the formation of the nucleating turn, however, evidence for cross-strand registry is not detected. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of peptide 3 reveal a beta-hairpin conformation for both molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, stabilized by four cross-strand hydrogen bonds, with the gamma Abu residues accommodated within the strands. The D-Pro-Gly segment in both molecules (A,B) adopts a type II' beta-turn conformation. The circular dichroism spectrum for peptide 3 is characterized by a negative CD band at 229 rim, whereas for peptides 2 and 4, the negative band is centered at 225 nm, suggesting a correlation between the orientation of the amide units in the strand segments and the observed CD pattern. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, NMR Res Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balaram, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM pb@mbu.iisc.ernet.in FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM030902-22, GM30902, R37 GM030902, R01 GM030902] NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD APR 12 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 3295 EP 3302 DI 10.1002/chem.200500742 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 035GS UT WOS:000236989400013 PM 16453362 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Je, J Melinger, JS AF Kim, OK Je, J Melinger, JS TI One-dimensional energy/electron transfer through a helical channel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; INCLUSION COMPLEX; PHOTOREACTIVE DYES; AMYLOSE; ENERGY; STATE; SYSTEMS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oh.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 12 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 14 BP 4532 EP 4533 DI 10.1021/ja060122c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032JI UT WOS:000236770300018 PM 16594664 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Cahay, M AF Jensen, KL Cahay, M TI General thermal-field emission equation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; THERMIONIC EMISSION; METALS AB A general electron emission equation is developed to account for both tunneling and thermal emission for general potentials, particularly when both processes are non-negligible. It is then applied to the image charge potential that is the basis for the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) [Proc. R. Soc. London A119, 173 (1928)] and the Richardson-Laue-Dushman (RLD) equations of electron emission [Proc. R. Soc. London A107, 377 (1925)]. The leading order terms in a series expansion are used to derive a "refined" FN-RLD equation that extends the range of validity of the FN and RLD equations for parameters where the traditional forms either fail or perform poorly. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Jordan, Nicholas/0000-0001-9518-4284 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 15 AR 154105 DI 10.1063/1.2193776 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 032TA UT WOS:000236796400117 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Chardonnet, P AF Titarchuk, L Chardonnet, P TI The observed galactic annihilation line: Possible signature of accreting small-mass black holes in the galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; Galaxy : center; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID X-RAY SOURCES; SUPERNOVA EJECTA FRAGMENTS; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; CENTER REGION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GAMMA-RAYS; IRON LINE; EMISSION; RADIATION; GALAXY AB Various balloon and satellite observatories have revealed what appears to be an extended source of 0.511 MeV annihilation radiation with a flux of similar to 10(-3) photons cm(-2) s(-1) centered on the Galactic center. Positrons from radioactive products of stellar explosions can account for a significant fraction of the emission. We discuss an additional source for this emission: namely, e(+)e(-) pairs produced when X-rays generated from the similar to 2.6 x 10(6) M-circle dot Galactic center black hole interact with similar to 10 MeV temperature blackbody emission from 10(17) g black holes within 10(14)-10(15) cm of the center. The number of such small-mass black holes (SMMBHs) can account for the production of the 10(42) e(+) s(-1) that produces the observed annihilation in the inner Galaxy when transport effects are taken into account. We consider the possibility for confirming the presence of these SMMBHs in the Galactic center region with future generations of gamma-ray instruments if a blackbody-like emission of similar to 10 MeV temperature would be detected by them. SMMBHs can be a potential candidate for the dark ( invisible) matter halo. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA Code 660, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Savoie, LAPTH, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; chardonnet@lapp.in2p3.fr NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 641 IS 1 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1086/499394 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 033AH UT WOS:000236817800023 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Warren, HP AF Sheeley, NR Warren, HP TI Carrington maps of the upper photosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS; SUNS POLAR FIELDS; FACULAR CONTRAST; EVOLUTION; INTENSITY; ROTATION; CYCLE; LIMB; FLUX; FLOW AB We have used images of the Sun's disk, obtained in the 6767 angstrom continuum with the Michelson Doppler Interferometer (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), to make Carrington maps of the upper photosphere during the years 1996-2005. Each map is constructed from observations near the limb where the continuum radiation originates relatively high in the photosphere and faculae have their greatest visibility. Consequently, the Carrington maps resemble spectroheliograms in temperature-sensitive photospheric lines and show the global distribution of faculae and all but the smallest sunspots (which are obscured by overlying faculae). A time-lapse sequence of the combined east-limb and west-limb maps shows the emergence of active regions and the evolution of large-scale patterns of faculae with an average temporal resolution of 14 days during the sunspot cycle. Also, a longitudinally averaged butterfly diagram of these maps shows that in each hemisphere there is a facula-free zone separating the old-cycle polar field from trailing-polarity flux that is migrating poleward from the sunspot belts. These facula-free zones coincide with the neutral zones of the axisymmetric component of photospheric magnetic field and their arrival at the poles in 2001 marks the reversal of the polar fields. We think that this mapmaking technique can be applied to white-light images obtained daily at the Mount Wilson Observatory since 1905 and that the resulting Carrington maps will provide details about the polar-field reversal process during past sunspot cycles when high-quality magnetograms were unavailable. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 641 IS 1 BP 611 EP 617 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 033AH UT WOS:000236817800053 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K AF Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K TI Operation Iraqi freedom in MODIS collage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CLOUD C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1080/01431160500383673 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 041IF UT WOS:000237447300001 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, K Kuciauskas, AP Kent, J Wade, R Skupniewicz, CE Cornelius, J O'Neal, J Haggerty, P Sprietzer, K Legg, G Henegar, J Seaton, B AF Miller, S. D. Hawkins, J. D. Lee, T. F. Turk, F. J. Richardson, K. Kuciauskas, A. P. Kent, J. Wade, R. Skupniewicz, C. E. Cornelius, J. O'Neal, J. Haggerty, P. Sprietzer, K. Legg, G. Henegar, J. Seaton, B. TI MODIS provides a satellite focus on operation Iraqi freedom SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FIRE; CLOUD AB Extreme weather conditions over southwest Asia posed significant challenges to military operations conducted during the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) campaign. This paper describes an effort to provide improved environmental characterization by way of a suite of value-added satellite imagery tools leveraging moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra and Aqua platforms, these research-grade data were made available to operational users in 2 to 3 hours turn-around time via a near real-time processing effort (NRTPE) interagency collaboration between the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the Department of Defense (DoD). Derived products were packaged into a centralized online graphical user interface, Satellite Focus, which provided a one-stop resource for satellite information over the southwest Asia domain. A central goal of Satellite Focus was to expedite information gathering while augmenting the capabilities of users tasked to synthesize a wide variety of environmental information in support of time-critical decisions impacting operational safety and mission success. Presented herein are several examples illustrating the unprecedented capabilities available to Coalition Force users during OIF enabled by near real-time access to Terra/Aqua MODIS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1285 EP 1296 DI 10.1080/01431160500383772 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 041IF UT WOS:000237447300002 ER PT J AU Janssen, TT Herbers, HC Battjes, JA AF Janssen, TT Herbers, HC Battjes, JA TI Generalized evolution equations for nonlinear surface gravity waves over two-dimensional topography SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; ANGLE WATER-WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; REFRACTION-DIFFRACTION; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ZAKHAROV EQUATION; PERIODIC-WAVES; STOKES WAVES; FIELD; PROPAGATION AB Evolution equations are derived for weakly nonlinear, multi-frequency and directional surface gravity waves propagating from deep to shallow water over weakly twodimensional bottom topography. A uniform transition from cubic resonances in deep intermediate water (Stokes regime) to quadratic near resonances in shallow water (Boussinesq regime) is obtained by extending the ordered solution to include additional higher-order terms for the bound wave components. The model assumes a leading-order, alongshore-uniform bottom with a two-dimensional depth perturbation that is incorporated through a Taylor series expansion of the bottom boundary condition. Numerical implementations of the model and comparisons to experimental data are presented that demonstrate the model's ability to describe: (i) cubic wavewave interactions in deep-intermediate water depth; (ii) harmonic generation over a one-dimensional submerged obstacle; (iii) harmonic generation over two-dimensional topography. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Janssen, TT (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD APR 10 PY 2006 VL 552 BP 393 EP 418 DI 10.1017/S0022112006008743 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 037QI UT WOS:000237161500019 ER PT J AU Godfrey, R Johnson, M AF Godfrey, R Johnson, M TI Spin injection in mesoscopic silver wires: Experimental test of resistance mismatch SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BAND-STRUCTURE; GOLD-FILMS; ACCUMULATION; DIFFUSION; METAL; MAGNETORESISTANCE; POLARIZATION; SPINTRONICS; TRANSPORT AB The spin polarization of current injected from a Permalloy electrode into a mesoscopic Ag wire is measured for samples with very low interface resistance. The observed value of 22.3%+/- 1.6% at 79 K is an order of magnitude larger than values previously reported for low resistance interfaces and about 4 times larger than predictions of the common resistance mismatch model. These results demonstrate that high resistance barriers are not necessary for efficient spin injection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 13 AR 136601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.136601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 030DB UT WOS:000236612400046 PM 16712013 ER PT J AU Sozhamannan, S Chute, MD McAfee, FD Fouts, DE Akmal, A Galloway, DR Mateczun, A Baillie, LW Read, TD AF Sozhamannan, Shanmuga Chute, Michael D. McAfee, Farrell D. Fouts, Derrick E. Akmal, Arya Galloway, Darrell R. Mateczun, Alfred Baillie, Leslie W. Read, Timothy D. TI The Bacillus anthracis chromosome contains four conserved, excision-proficient, putative prophages SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; CEREUS GROUP; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LYSOGENIC CONVERSION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENOME SEQUENCE; MULTIPLEX PCR; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB Background: Bacillus anthracis is considered to be a recently emerged clone within the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group. The B. anthracis genome sequence contains four putative lambdoid prophages. We undertook this study in order to understand whether the four prophages are unique to B. anthracis and whether they produce active phages. Results: More than 300 geographically and temporally divergent isolates of B. anthracis and its near neighbors were screened by PCR for the presence of specific DNA sequences from each prophage region. Every isolate of B. anthracis screened by PCR was found to produce all four phage-specific amplicons whereas none of the non-B. anthracis isolates, produced more than one phage-specific amplicon. Excision of prophages could be detected by a PCR based assay for attP sites on extrachromosomal phage circles and for attB sites on phage-excised chromosomes. SYBR-green realtime PCR assays indicated that prophage excision occurs at very low frequencies (2 x 10(-5) - 8 x 10(8)/cell). Induction with mitomycin C increased the frequency of excision of one of the prophages by approximately 250 fold. All four prophages appear to be defective since, mitomycin C induced culture did not release any viable phage particle or lyse the cells or reveal any phage particle under electron microscopic examination. Conclusion: The retention of all four putative prophage regions across all tested strains of B. anthracis is further evidence of the very recent emergence of this lineage and the prophage regions may be useful for differentiating the B. anthracis chromosome from that of its neighbors. All four prophages can excise at low frequencies, but are apparently defective in phage production. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Sozhamannan, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM sozhamannans@nmrc.navy.mil; chutem@nmrc.navy.mil; mcafeef@nmrc.navy.mil; dfouts@tigr.org; akmala@nmrc.navy.mil; gallowayd@nmrc.navy.mil; mateczuna@nmrc.navy.mil; bailliel@nmrc.navy.mil; readt@nmrc.navy.mil RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD APR 6 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-6-34 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 054IJ UT WOS:000238369700002 PM 16600039 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Picone, JM Emmert, JT Moore, G AF Lean, JL Picone, JM Emmert, JT Moore, G TI Thermospheric densities derived from spacecraft orbits: Application to the Starshine satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR EUV; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; FLUX VARIATIONS; MGII INDEX; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CYCLE AB [1] The amplitude and variability of the total mass density of the Earth's atmosphere at altitudes between 200 and 475 km are analyzed for the period from June 1999 to January 2003, around the maximum of solar activity in cycle 23. The densities are derived with uncertainties of order +/- 6% from analysis of the approximately circular orbits of three Starshine spacecraft of known ballistic coefficients. Local densities averaged over all three Starshine missions are similar to 4% lower than the corresponding NRLMSISE-00 model values, which may reflect a secular decrease from thermospheric cooling. Differences of order +/- 15% occur on timescales of days to weeks, and larger differences of as much as 30% can persist on timescales of several months. Some differences are traceable to the NRLMSIS model's use of the 10.7 cm proxy of EUV radiation, since they are reduced when NRLMSIS is evaluated using the Mg II index, which is a better proxy of variations in EUV irradiance that heats the thermosphere. Comparisons of 27-day density cycles extracted by complex demodulation indicate that NRLMSIS underestimates upper atmospheric density increases associated with solar rotational modulation of EUV radiation by as much as a factor of two. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Project Starshine, Monument, CO 80132 USA. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A4 AR A04301 DI 10.1029/2005JA011399 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 033WM UT WOS:000236882700002 ER PT J AU Luo, WM Yu, QS Kulkarni, SS Parrish, DA Holloway, HW Tweedie, D Shafferman, A Lahiri, DK Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Luo, WM Yu, QS Kulkarni, SS Parrish, DA Holloway, HW Tweedie, D Shafferman, A Lahiri, DK Brossi, A Greig, NH TI Inhibition of human acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by novel carbamates of (-)- and (+)-tetrahydrofurobenzofuran and methanobenzodioxepine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING-SITE; ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; SELECTIVE INHIBITORS; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; DONEPEZIL TREATMENT; ANALOGS; PHENSERINE AB A new enantiomeric synthesis utilizing classical resolution provided two novel series of optically active inhibitors of cholinesterase: (-)- and (+)-O-carbamoyl phenols of tetrahydrofurobenzofuran and methanobenzodioxepine. An additional two series of (-)- and (+)-O-carbamoyl phenols of pyrroloindole and furoindole were obtained by known procedures, and their anticholinesterase actions were similarly quantified against freshly prepared human acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Both enantiomeric forms of each series demonstrated potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity (with IC50 values as low as 10 nM for AChE and 3 nM for BChE), with the exception of the (+)-O-carbamoyl phenols of pyrroloindole, which lacked activity (IC50 values > I mu M). Based on the biological data of these four series, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was provided by molecular volume calculations. In addition, a probable transition-state model was established according to the known X-ray structure of a transition-state complex of Torpedo californica AChE-m-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (TcAChE-TMTFA). This model proved valuable in explaining the enantioselectivity and enzyme subtype selectivity of each series. These carbamates are more potent than, or similarly potent to, anticholinesterases in current clinical use, providing not only inhibitors of potential clinical relevance but also pharmacological tools to define drug-enzyme binding interactions within an enzyme crucial in the maintenance of cognition and numerous systemic physiological functions in health, aging, and disease. C1 NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Ctr Gerontol Res,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, IL-74100 Ness Ziona, Israel. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Inst Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Ctr Gerontol Res,NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM Greign@grc.nia.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AG000311-07, Z99 AG999999]; NIA NIH HHS [AG18379, AG18884, R01 AG018379, R01 AG018884] NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD APR 6 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 7 BP 2174 EP 2185 DI 10.1021/JM050578P PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 029VU UT WOS:000236593300006 PM 16570913 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Erwin, SC Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ Russell, JN AF Barlow, DE Erwin, SC Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ Russell, JN TI Chemical structure and orientation of ethylene on Si(114)-(2x1)/c(2x2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SILICON; CHEMISTRY; ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; SI(001); X-2) AB The basic chemical structure and orientation of ethylene chemisorbed on Si(114)-(2 x 1) at submonolayer coverage is characterized in ultrahigh vacuum using transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The spectra are consistent with di-sigma bonding of ethylene to the surface with a preferential molecular orientation over macroscopic lengths. These results are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of vibrational frequencies for optimized ethylene-Si(114) structures occupying the dimer and rebonded atom surface sites. A detailed analysis of the strong angular and polarization dependence of the C-H stretching mode intensities is also consistent with the adsorption structures identified by DFT, indicating that ethylene chemisorbs with the C-C bond axis parallel to the structural rows oriented along the [(1) over bar 10] direction on the Si(114)-(2 x 1) surface. The results indicate that the unique structure of this surface makes it an excellent template for elucidating relationships between surface structure and organic reaction mechanisms on silicon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Russell, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.russell@nrl.navy.mil RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 13 BP 6841 EP 6847 DI 10.1021/jp055599+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 028XW UT WOS:000236523100061 PM 16570993 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Strickler, J Irvine, M Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Gaydos, JC AF Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Strickler, J Irvine, M Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Gaydos, JC TI Vaccine-preventable adenoviral respiratory illness in US military recruits, 1999-2004 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus vaccine; military recruits; respiratory illness rates; adenovirus respiratory illness ID MARINE CORPS PERSONNEL; NAVAL RECRUITS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TYPE-4 INFECTION; DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; LIVE; TRAINEES; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB Background and Methods: The high burden of respiratory infections in military populations is well documented throughout history. The primary pathogen responsible for morbidity among US recruits in training was shown to be adenovirus. Highly efficacious oral vaccines were used for 25 years, but vaccine production ceased in 1996, and available stores were depleted by early 1999. Surveillance for acute febrile respiratory illness was performed at eight military recruit training sites throughout the United States from July 1999 through June 2004 to document rates after loss of the vaccines. Laboratory diagnoses complimented the surveillance efforts. Results: Over the 5 years, nearly 12 million person-weeks were followed and an estimated 110,172 febrile respiratory illness cases and 73,748 adenovirus cases were identified. Rates of illness were highest at the Navy and Air Force training centers, with average annual rates of 1.20 and 1.35 cases per 100 recruit-weeks, respectively. Adenoviral-associated illness rates peaked in weeks 3-5 of training, depending upon service. Conclusions: The burden of adenoviral illness among US recruit populations has returned to high levels since loss of the vaccines. Restoration of an effective adenovirus vaccine effort within the military is anticipated by 2008, potentially reducing the adenovirus morbidity suffered in this vulnerable population. Efforts to determine the burden of adenovirus and potential benefits of vaccination in civilian populations are being renewed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD GEIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-02] NR 59 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 15 BP 2835 EP 2842 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.12.062 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 034LY UT WOS:000236931700017 PM 16480793 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Chrisey, LA Dressick, WJ AF Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Chrisey, LA Dressick, WJ TI Deep-UV photochemistry and patterning of (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY-IRRADIATION; SELECTIVE CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; CHANNEL-CONSTRAINED METALLIZATION; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE MODIFICATION; METAL-DEPOSITION; FUNCTIONALIZED SURFACES; IMAGING LAYERS AB The 193 nm photochemistry of (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethylsiloxane (PEDA) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) under ambient conditions is described. The primary photodegradation pathways at low exposure doses (< 100 mJ cm(-2)) are benzylic C-N bond cleavage (ca. 68 %), with oxidation of the benzyl C to the aldehyde, and Si-C bond cleavage (ca. 32 %). Amine-containing photoproducts released from the SAM during exposure remain physisorbed on the surface, where they undergo secondary photolysis leading to their complete degradation and removal after ca. 1200 mJ cm(-2). NaCl (aq) post-exposure rinsing removes the physisorbed materials, showing that degradation of the original PEDA species (leaving Si-OH) is substantially complete after ca. 450 mJ cm(-2). Consequently, patterned, rinsed PEDA SAMs function as efficient templates for fabrication of high-resolution, negative-tone, electroless metal and DNA features with good selectivity at low dose (i.e., ca. 400 mJ cm(-2)) via materials grafting to the intact amines remaining in the unirradiated PEDA SAM regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Life Sci Res Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 91 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR 4 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 774 EP 783 DI 10.1002/adfm.200500744 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 032YI UT WOS:000236812400006 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Dugan, EC AF Clark, TD Dugan, EC TI Preparation of oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated icosanedisulfides SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE Grignard reaction; oligo(ethylene glycol); thiols; carboxylic acids; self-assembled monolayers ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CELLS; ALKANETHIOLS; GLYCOL); PEPTIDE; SURFACE; GOLD AB This paper describes the synthesis of hexa(ethylene glycol) and carboxymethylhexa(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkane-disulfides 4 and 7, respectively, in which the alkylene chains are twenty-methylenes-long. The key twenty-carbon synthon, 20-bromoicos-1-ene (1), was prepared by homologation of 8-bromooct-1-ene, which was achieved via Cu(II)-catalyzed coupling of the corresponding Grignard reagent with 1,12-dibromododecane. Compounds 4 and 7 are expected to yield self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that are more stable and well-ordered than those formed by their traditional undecane homologues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD APR 4 PY 2006 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1086 DI 10.1055/s-2006-926377 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 031TO UT WOS:000236727200003 ER PT J AU Biyikli, N Xie, J Moon, YT Yun, F Stefanita, CG Bandyopadhyay, S Morkoc, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Biyikli, N Xie, J Moon, YT Yun, F Stefanita, CG Bandyopadhyay, S Morkoc, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures using variable-field hall measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MICROWAVE PERFORMANCE; GAN/ALGAN; MODFETS AB Carrier transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been analyzed with the quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique. The nominally undoped Al0.08Ga0.92N/GaN sample was grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on a GaN/sapphire template prepared with hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Variable-magnetic-field Hall measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 5-300 K and magnetic field range of 0.01-7 T. QMSA was applied to the experimental variable-field data to extract the concentrations and mobilities associated with the high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas and the relatively low-mobility bulk electrons for the temperature range investigated. The mobilities at T=80 K are found to be 7100 and 880 cm(2)/V s, respectively, while the corresponding carrier densities are 7.0x10(11) and 8x10(14) cm(-3). Any conclusions drawn from conventional Hall measurements at a single magnetic field would have been highly misleading. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biyikli, N (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM nbiyikli@vcu.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 14 AR 142106 DI 10.1063/1.2195011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030CX UT WOS:000236612000047 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH TI Spatial and temporal sensitivity variations in photorefractive electro-optic field sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; BEAMS AB Experimental studies of the spatial and temporal fluctuations in photorefractive electro-optic (EO) field sensors have revealed that their maximum intrinsic responsivity is limited by incoherence in the polarization of the probe beam. This incoherence is generated within the irradiated crystal itself. We describe a novel method to measure the incoherence directly while suppressing the temporal fluctuations. Our results indicate that optically induced distributions of birefringence (photorefractivity) generally impair the modulating ability of EO crystals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 14 AR 141106 DI 10.1063/1.2192980 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030CX UT WOS:000236612000006 ER PT J AU Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Sturm, JC AF Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Sturm, JC TI Fabrication of strained silicon on insulator by strain transfer process (vol 87, pg 051921, 2005) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROWTH C1 Princeton Univ, PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peterson, RL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM rlp38@cam.ac.uk NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 14 AR 146101 DI 10.1063/1.2192641 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030CX UT WOS:000236612000122 ER PT J AU Zalalutdinov, MK Baldwin, JW Marcus, MH Reichenbach, RB Parpia, JM Houston, BH AF Zalalutdinov, MK Baldwin, JW Marcus, MH Reichenbach, RB Parpia, JM Houston, BH TI Two-dimensional array of coupled nanomechanical resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; LITHOGRAPHY; SHELL AB Two-dimensional arrays of coupled nanomechanical plate-type resonators were fabricated in single crystal silicon using e-beam lithography. Collective modes were studied using a double laser setup with independent positioning of the point laser drive and interferometric motion detector. The formation of a wide acoustic band has been demonstrated. Localization due to disorder (mistune) was identified as a parameter that limits the propagation of the elastic waves. We show that all 400 resonators in our 20x20 array participate in the extended modes and estimate group velocity and density of states. Applications utilizing the resonator arrays for radio frequency signal processing are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM maxim.zalalutdiniv@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 14 AR 143504 DI 10.1063/1.2190448 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030CX UT WOS:000236612000106 ER PT J AU Huang, NE Brennert, MJ Salvino, L AF Huang, NE Brennert, MJ Salvino, L TI Hilbert-Huang transform stability spectral analysis applied to flutter flight test data SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; SIGNALS AB A new method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), has been applied to analyze the aerostructures test wing (ATW) flight flutter data from NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. The analysis shows the yielding of the wing after the onset of flutter, but just before breaking off of the wingtip. Based on HHT, a new stability spectral analysis is also proposed that shows both positive (stable) and negative (unstable) damping. The stability spectral analysis further shows that the flutter of ATW bending occurs at 2-5 Hz in addition to 18 Hz as determined by modal analysis and identification: Both HHT and the Teager energy operator based nonlinearity indicator show that the vibrations of the ATW are nonlinear throughout the flight-test flutter maneuver. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Aerostruct Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD 20854 USA. RP Huang, NE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 772 EP 786 DI 10.2514/1.11501 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 032CS UT WOS:000236752100010 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Amesbury, EC Tanzer, DJ AF Schallhorn, SC Amesbury, EC Tanzer, DJ TI Avoidance, recognition, and management of LASIK complications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; DIFFUSE LAMELLAR KERATITIS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE; EPITHELIAL INGROWTH; PUPIL SIZE; DRY EYE; LASER; CORNEAL; INTERFACE AB PURPOSE: To provide important concepts of the latest developments in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) complication avoidance, recognition, and management. DESIGN: A perspective. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search and re view of a total of 816 publications that discussed LASIK complications from 1992 to 2005 was conducted. RESULTS: The risk of visually threatening complications is inherent in any ophthalmologic surgical procedure. Not only does LASIK require the use of several complex medical devices, but there can be significant human variation in response to this surgical intervention. As a result, many potential complications can occur after LASIK. The risk of many complications can be mitigated by appropriate patient selection and preoperative, surgical, and postoperative care. Unforeseen complications will occur, despite meticulous planning, and must be managed. Important current developments in the avoidance, recognition, and management of LASIK complications are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Complications as a result of LASIK can threaten vision and may cause debilitating symptoms in an otherwise healthy eye. Advancing our understanding of the prevention and management of the complications of LASIK is an endeavor that must be continued as long as refractive surgery is performed. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Schallhorn, SC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM SCSchallhorn@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 39 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 141 IS 4 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.11.036 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 030GG UT WOS:000236621800020 PM 16564812 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Moreira, SC Charles, PT Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Zeinali, M Taitt, CR AF Anderson, GP Moreira, SC Charles, PT Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Zeinali, M Taitt, CR TI TNT detection using multiplexed liquid array displacement immunoassays SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE FLOW-CYTOMETRY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANTIBODY; EXPLOSIVES; BIOSENSOR; MUTAGENICITY; SAMPLES; SYSTEM; SOILS AB The presence of trace contamination of soil and groundwater with explosives is an ongoing concern, for which improved methods are required to facilitate their detection and quantification. This is true both for the monitoring of remediation and for site characterization. Immunosensors have been found effective for solution-phase detection of environmental contaminants. Our work utilized the Luminex(100) (flow cytometer) to detect TNT in a multiplexed displacement immunoassay format. The Luminex(100) can perform a multiplexed assay by discriminating between up to 100 different bead sets. We used this capability to evaluate four different TNT monoclonal antibodies, two recombinant TNT antibodies, and a control antibody simultaneously for the rapid detection of TNT and other nitroaromatics. TNT could be detected at 0.1 ppb and quantified over the range of 1.0 ppb to 10 ppm. In addition, the assay was shown to be effective in various matrixes such as lake water, seawater, and acetone extracts of soil. Seawater required dilution with two parts buffer to avoid loss of microspheres, while the acetone extracts were diluted 100-fold or more to minimize solvent affects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ganderson@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 39 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2279 EP 2285 DI 10.1021/ac051995c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 031EJ UT WOS:000236686600031 PM 16579609 ER PT J AU Morrison, AC Sihuincha, M Stancil, JD Zamora, E Astete, H Olson, JG Vidal-Ore, C Scott, TW AF Morrison, AC Sihuincha, M Stancil, JD Zamora, E Astete, H Olson, JG Vidal-Ore, C Scott, TW TI Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) production from nonresidential sites in the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENGUE VECTOR; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; KEY AB Programmes for the surveillance of Aedes aegypti (L.) often focus on residential areas, ignoring non-residential sites. Between November 2003 and October 2004, pupal/demographic surveys were therefore conducted in non-residential sites in the Peruvian city of Iquitos. The sampled sites included schools, factories, ports, public markets, petrol stations, commercial zones, airports, government buildings, animal-production areas, and recreational areas. Compared with the residential sites that had been surveyed a few years earlier, the non-residential sites generally had fewer pupae/ha, even though pupae were found in a high percentage of the sites investigated. Nonetheless, although,56 pupae/ha were observed in the industrial, commercial, recreational and school sites, the river boats in the ports and the areas in and around public markets sometimes had pupal abundances (of 122-213 pupae/ha) that were comparable with those previously recorded in the residential sites. When the relative production of Ae. aegypti was calculated by container type and characteristic (lidded/lidless, indoors/outdoors, and water-use patterns), no single container category was found to be a major producer of Ae. aegypti, with the exception of flower vases in cemeteries. In general, almost all (97%) of the pupae collected in the non-residential sites came from unlidded containers, although 91% of those collected in river boats came from lidded storage areas. With the exception of lumber mills, plant nurseries and markets (where only 39%-60% of the pupae were collected outdoors), > 70% of pupal production was outdoors. In commercial areas, 41% of the pupae came from manually-filled containers, compared with, < 12% in residential sites. These results indicate that non-residential sites can be highly productive for Ae. aegypti and that the role of such sites in dengue transmission requires further investigation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lab Reg Loreto, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. Direcc Reg Salud Loreto, Punchana, Peru. RP Morrison, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM acmorrison@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-42332] NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 100 SU 1 BP S73 EP S86 DI 10.1179/136485906X105534 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 034OO UT WOS:000236939400008 PM 16630393 ER PT J AU Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Ollinger, M Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH Pique, A AF Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Ollinger, M Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH Pique, A TI Laser-sintered mesoporous TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURING NANOSTRUCTURED ELECTRODES; DIRECT-WRITE; TEMPERATURE; FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB Low-temperature laser sintering has been successfully demonstrated to improve the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Mesoporous TiO2 electrodes were prepared from a colloidal solution of TiO2 nanopowders by a laser direct-write technique and then sintered by a quasi-continuous-wave UV laser (lambda = 355 nm) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. The overall conversion efficiency of the cells based on the laser-sintered TiO2 electrodes was double that of the devices with non-laser-treated TiO2 electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to both the removal of organic additives and the improved inter-nanoparticle electrical contacts induced by the laser-sintering process, which led to an increase in porosity and dye-absorption sites in the TiO2 electrodes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00339-005-3449-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 009US UT WOS:000235139500015 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Johnson, SL Belmont, R Schriver, KE Haglund, RF Antonacci, C Yeung, LS AF Bubb, DM Johnson, SL Belmont, R Schriver, KE Haglund, RF Antonacci, C Yeung, LS TI Mode-specific effects in resonant infrared ablation and deposition of polystyrene SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; ULTRAVIOLET; DESORPTION; POLYMER AB Low molecular weight polystyrene (similar to 10 kDa) was ablated with a free-electron laser at 3.31 and 3.43 m and deposited as thin films on Si(100) substrates. The vibrational bands at 3.31 and 3.43 m correspond to phenyl-ring CH and backbone CH2 modes, respectively. Even though the absorption coefficients of these two modes are nearly the same, the ablation yield was approximately 50% higher for the ring-mode excitation compared with the backbone mode. Based on spectral line width, the ring-mode lifetime is approximately triple that of the backbone mode, leading to a higher spatiotemporal density of vibrational excitation that more effectively disrupts the relatively weak Van der Waals bonds between neighboring polymer chains and consequently to higher ablation efficiency of the ring mode. Molecular weight assays of the deposited films showed that relatively little bond scission occurred and that the average molecular weight of the films was similar to that of the starting material. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Electron Laser Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Business & Sci Bldg,227 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s00339-005-3478-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 009US UT WOS:000235139500029 ER PT J AU Gunn, JE Siegmund, WA Mannery, EJ Owen, RE Hull, CL Leger, RF Carey, LN Knapp, GR York, DG Boroski, WN Kent, SM Lupton, RH Rockosi, CM Evans, ML Waddell, P Anderson, JE Annis, J Barentine, JC Bartoszek, LM Bastian, S Bracker, SB Brewington, HJ Briegel, CI Brinkmann, J Brown, YJ Carr, MA Czarapata, PC Drennan, CC Dombeck, T Federwitz, GR Gillespie, BA Gonzales, C Hansen, SU Harvanek, M Hayes, J Jordan, W Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Kron, RG Kresinski, J Lee, G Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, CW Long, DC Loomis, CL McGehee, PM Mantsch, PM Neilsen, EH Neswold, RM Newman, PR Nitta, A Peoples, J Pier, JR Prieto, PS Prosapio, A Rivetta, C Schneider, DP Snedden, S Wang, SI AF Gunn, JE Siegmund, WA Mannery, EJ Owen, RE Hull, CL Leger, RF Carey, LN Knapp, GR York, DG Boroski, WN Kent, SM Lupton, RH Rockosi, CM Evans, ML Waddell, P Anderson, JE Annis, J Barentine, JC Bartoszek, LM Bastian, S Bracker, SB Brewington, HJ Briegel, CI Brinkmann, J Brown, YJ Carr, MA Czarapata, PC Drennan, CC Dombeck, T Federwitz, GR Gillespie, BA Gonzales, C Hansen, SU Harvanek, M Hayes, J Jordan, W Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Kron, RG Kresinski, J Lee, G Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, CW Long, DC Loomis, CL McGehee, PM Mantsch, PM Neilsen, EH Neswold, RM Newman, PR Nitta, A Peoples, J Pier, JR Prieto, PS Prosapio, A Rivetta, C Schneider, DP Snedden, S Wang, SI TI The 2.5 m telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE surveys; telescopes ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY 2.5-METER TELESCOPE; SDSS IMAGING PIPELINES; DATA RELEASE; SECONDARY MIRRORS; GALAXY SAMPLE; DESIGN; SYSTEM; ENCLOSURE; REDSHIFT AB We describe the design, construction, and performance of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope located at Apache Point Observatory. The telescope is a modified two-corrector Ritchey-Chretien design with a 2.5 m, f/2.25 primary, a 1.08 m secondary, a Gascoigne astigmatism corrector, and one of a pair of interchangeable highly aspheric correctors near the focal plane, one for imaging and the other for spectroscopy. The final focal ratio is f/5. The telescope is instrumented by a wide-area, multiband CCD camera and a pair of fiber-fed double spectrographs. Novel features of the telescope include the following: (1) A 3 degrees diameter (0.65 m) focal plane that has excellent image quality and small geometric distortions over a wide wavelength range (3000-10,600 8) in the imaging mode, and good image quality combined with very small lateral and longitudinal color errors in the spectroscopic mode. The unusual requirement of very low distortion is set by the demands of time-delay-and-integrate (TDI) imaging. (2) Very high precision motion to support open-loop TDI observations. (3) A unique wind baffle/enclosure construction to maximize image quality and minimize construction costs. The telescope had first light in 1998 May and began regular survey operations in 2000. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Yorke J Brown Sci & Engn Consulting, Etna, NH 03750 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gunn, JE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Drennan, Craig/0000-0003-3302-3789 NR 66 TC 820 Z9 824 U1 4 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 4 BP 2332 EP 2359 DI 10.1086/500975 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 026SA UT WOS:000236361200037 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Aggarwal, KM Bloomfield, DS Msezane, AZ Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Aggarwal, KM Bloomfield, DS Msezane, AZ Widing, KG TI An investigation of Fe XV emission lines in solar flare spectra SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation; Sun : corona ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ATOMIC DATABASE; ACTIVE-REGION; XUV OBSERVATIONS; OPTICALLY THIN; COMPACT FLARE; JUNE 15; O-V; RATIOS; TRANSITIONS AB Previously, large discrepancies have been found between theory and observation for Fe XV emission line ratios in solar flare spectra covering the 224-327 angstrom wavelength range, obtained by the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A instrument on board Skylab. These discrepancies have been attributed to either errors in the adopted atomic data or the presence of additional atomic processes not included in the modelling, such as fluorescence. However our analysis of these plus other S082A flare observations (the latter containing Fe XV transitions between 321-482 angstrom), performed using the most recent Fe XV atomic physics calculations in conjunction with a chianti synthetic flare spectrum, indicate that blending of the lines is primarily responsible for the discrepancies. As a result, most Fe XV lines cannot be employed as electron density diagnostics for solar flares, at least at the spectral resolution of S082A and similar instruments (i.e.similar to 0.1 angstrom). An exception is the intensity ratio I(3s3p P-3(2)-3p(2) P-3(1))/I(3s3p P-3(2)-3p(2) D-1(2))=I(321.8 angstrom)/I(327.0 angstrom), which appears to provide good estimates of the electron density at this spectral resolution. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM F.Keenan@qub.ac.uk RI Bloomfield, Shaun/G-5809-2011 OI Bloomfield, Shaun/0000-0002-4183-9895 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2006 VL 449 IS 3 BP 1203 EP 1208 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054028 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 025ET UT WOS:000236248800032 ER PT J AU Landi, E Gu, MF AF Landi, E Gu, MF TI Atomic data for high-energy configurations in Fe XVII-XXIII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; INCLUDING N=4 LEVELS; FLUORINE-LIKE IONS; BE-LIKE IONS; N = 3; IRON PROJECT; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SOLAR-FLARE AB In the present work we calculate energy levels, oscillator strengths, A-values, and electron-ion excitation collision strengths for high-energy configurations for the iron ions Fe XVII to Fe XXIII. Collision rate coefficients are calculated using the distorted-wave approximation; the contribution of resonant excitation is taken into account by using the isolated-resonance approximation for configurations with principal quantum numbers n = 2 and 3. Results are compared with R-matrix calculations available in the literature for the lowest configurations; our results are the first ever published for highly excited configurations with n >= 4 for most ions. Synthetic spectra are calculated from the resulting rate coefficients and compared to available spectral codes. Some applications of the results of the present calculation to solar physics are discussed. These data will be part of the next version of the CHIANTI database. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 640 IS 2 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1086/500286 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 026RR UT WOS:000236360300055 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Kent, J Turk, FJ Lee, TF Kuciauskas, AP Richardson, K Wade, R Hoffman, C AF Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Kent, J Turk, FJ Lee, TF Kuciauskas, AP Richardson, K Wade, R Hoffman, C TI NexSat - Previewing NPOESS/VIIRS imagery capabilities SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODIS; CONTRAILS; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; CLOUD AB Under the auspices of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System's (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed "NexSat" (www.nrlmry.navy. mil/nexsat pages/nexsat home. - html)-a public-access online demonstration over the continental United States (CONUS) of near-real-time environmental products highlighting future applications from the Visible/Infrared Imager/ Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Based on a collection of operational and research-grade satellite observing systems, NexSat products include the detection, enhancement, and where applicable, physical retrieval of deep convection, low clouds, light sources at night, rainfall, snow cover, aircraft contrails, thin cirrus layers, dust storms, and cloud/ aerosol properties, all presented in the context of value-added imagery. The purpose of NexSat is threefold: 1) to communicate the advanced capabilities anticipated from VIIRS, 2) to present this information in near-real time for use by forecasters, resource managers, emergency response teams, civic planners, the aviation community, and various government agencies, and 3) to augment the NRL algorithm development multisensor/model-fusion test bed for accelerated transitions to operations during the NPOESS era. This paper presents an overview of NexSat, highlighting selected products from the diverse meteorological phenomenology over the CONUS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Sys, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 433 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-4-433 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036CT UT WOS:000237049200016 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ TI Hastily formed networks SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 7 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1145/1121949.1121966 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 025RV UT WOS:000236285500010 ER PT J AU Calantoni, J Puleo, JA Holland, KT AF Calantoni, Joseph Puleo, Jack A. Holland, K. Todd TI Simulation of sediment motions using a discrete particle model in the inner surf and swash-zones SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Swash-Zone Processes CY SEP 19, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; TRANSPORT; BEACH; LOAD; WAVE; BED AB A volume-of-fluid Navier-Stokes solver (RIPPLE) was used to simulate inner surf and swash zone flow with a 3 s wave period and wave height of 0.14 m on a planar, 1:10 sloping beach (Iribarren number of 1.0). In addition to other hydrodynamic information, RIPPLE was used to provide high-resolution predictions of the pressure gradient and fluid velocity in the horizontal and vertical dimensions that served as forcing to a discrete particle model (DPM). Sediment transport processes in the inner surf and swash zones were simulated for a thin veneer of sediment particles over a 5 in test section in the DPM. Coupling between RIPPLE and the DPM was one-way such that particle-particle and fluid-particle interactions in the DPM did not provide feedback to alter the flow predicted by RIPPLE. The numerical simulation showed strong sediment suspension localized under vortices that reach the bed. Interestingly, the bulk of the sediment located in the small-scale vortex originated from locations nearly 0.2 m landward. These findings suggest that (1) sediment motion for a single swash event can be significant, (2) that sediment measured in suspension likely originates from locations other than the bed directly below the suspension plume suggesting the importance of sediment advection and (3) that sparse cross-shore measurements in the field will only sporadically capture localized suspension events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Calantoni, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440-3,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joec@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 610 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.11.013 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 042DK UT WOS:000237507500007 ER PT J AU Hamilton, P Noble, MA Largier, J Rosenfeld, LK Robertson, G AF Hamilton, P Noble, MA Largier, J Rosenfeld, LK Robertson, G TI Cross-shelf subtidal variability in San Pedro Bay during summer, 2001 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE currents; stratification; upwelling; wind-forced flows; USA; California; San Pedro shelf ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PALOS-VERDES; INNER SHELF; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE AB A total of 16 moorings were deployed across the San Pedro shelf, one of the two wider embayments in the Southern California Bight, from near the surfzone to the upper-slope. On the middle and outer shelf in the summer of 2001, the currents flowed strongly equatorward at the surface and had large vertical shears through the well-stratified water column. This equatorward flow differs from predominantly poleward flow found in previous studies of the coastal margin further west. In deeper water, near the shelf break, the shears were such that near-bottom flows were poleward and incorporated into the upper parts of the Southern California Undercurrent over the slope. Mid-shelf current fluctuations, with periods of 10-25 days, along with upwelling over the shelf, were not related to local winds, but were significantly correlated with the large-scale alongshore pressure gradient. Shorter period (similar to 7-10 days) inner shelf alongshore currents, however, were significantly correlated with the alongshore wind at the shelf break. A CEOF analysis gives two significant modes, with the first mode dominant over the outer and middle shelf. The wind-forced second mode connects the inner shelf to the poleward undercurrent over the slope such that increases in the poleward flow over the slope are correlated with increases in the equatorward current inshore of the 15 m isobath. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. RP Hamilton, P (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. EM phamilton@raleigh.saic.com NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 681 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.009 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 045DW UT WOS:000237723800001 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Baruah, T Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR AF Richardson, Steven L. Baruah, Tunna Mehl, Michael J. Pederson, Mark R. TI Cyclohexamantane (C26H30): First-principles DFT study of a novel diamondoid molecule SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE diamond-like carbon; nanostructures; optical properties; nanotechnology ID ADAMANTANE; APPROXIMATION; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITIES; CONGRESSANE; ELECTRON; FORCES AB Diamondoids are rigid stable hydrocarbons of unusually high symmetry. The recent isolation of many diamondoids of varying shapes and sizes from petroleum oil has revitalized interest in this field. We show in this work that modem density-functional theory (DFT) methods are capable of predicting the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of a specific diamondoid molecule, cyclohexamantane (C26H30), and that our calculated properties are in good agreement with experimental results. Our calculations also demonstrate that DFT can be an important tool in characterizing the properties of even larger diamondoids of interest to experimentalists. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterisat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Richardson, SL (reprint author), Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterisat Sci & Proc Te, 2300 6th St,NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM srichards22@comcast.net RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4-8 SI SI BP 707 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.12.043 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 065JU UT WOS:000239157000052 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA AF Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA TI Identifying influenza viruses with resequencing microarrays SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; DIAGNOSIS; REVEALS AB Identification of genetic variations of influenza viruses is essential for epidemic and pandemic outbreak surveillance and determination of vaccine strain selection. In this study, we combined a random amplification strategy with high-density resequencing microarray technology to demonstrate simultaneous detection and sequence-based typing of 25 geographically distributed human influenza virus strains collected in 2004 and 2005. In addition to identification, this method provided primary sequence information, which suggested that distinct lineages of influenza viruses co-circulated during the 2004-2005 season, and simultaneously identified and typed all component strains of the trivalent FluMist intranasal vaccine. The results demonstrate a novel, timely, and unbiased method for the molecular epidemiologic surveillance of influenza viruses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 30 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 638 EP 646 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 028BJ UT WOS:000236460200015 PM 16704813 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Qadri, SA Wallace, EV Moore, MH Lassman, ME Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Ngundi, MM Qadri, SA Wallace, EV Moore, MH Lassman, ME Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI Detection of deoxynivalenol in foods and indoor air using an array biosensor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE WHEAT-FLOUR; MYCOTOXINS DEOXYNIVALENOL; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; GRAIN; CONTAMINANTS; ZEARALENONE AB Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by several Fusaruim species, is a worldwide contaminant of foods and feeds. Because of the potential dangers due to accidental or intentional contamination of foods with DON, there is a need to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for easy identification and quantification of DON. In this study, we have developed and utilized a competitive immunoassay technique to detect DON in various food matrixes and indoor air samples using an array biosensor. A DON-biotin conjugate, immobilized on a NeutrAvidin-coated optical waveguide, competed with the DON in the sample for binding to fluorescently labeled DON monoclonal antibodies. To demonstrate a simple procedure amenable for on-site use, DON-spiked cornmeal, cornflakes, wheat, barley, and oats were extracted with methanol-water (3:1) and assayed without cleanup or preconcentration. The limits of detection ranged from 0.2 ng/mL in buffer to 50 ng/g in oats. The detection limit of DON spiked into an aqueous effluent from an air sampler was 4 ng/mL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2352 EP 2356 DI 10.1021/es052396q PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GC UT WOS:000236691600053 PM 16646473 ER PT J AU Eberle, CJ AF Eberle, CJ TI Religion and the obligations of citizenship. SO ETHICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Eberle, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0014-1704 J9 ETHICS JI Ethics PD APR PY 2006 VL 116 IS 3 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1086/501511 PG 4 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 047WT UT WOS:000237910100015 ER PT J AU Castle, DM Montgomery, MT Kirchman, DL AF Castle, DM Montgomery, MT Kirchman, DL TI Effects of naphthalene on microbial community composition in the Delaware estuary SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; fluorescence in situ hybridization ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIAL BIOMASS PRODUCTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU DETECTION; CRUDE-OIL; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB The effects of naphthalene on microbial communities in the bottom boundary layer of the Delaware Bay estuary were investigated in microcosms using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes. Three days after the addition of naphthalene, rates of bacterial production and naphthalene mineralization were higher than in no-addition controls and than in cases where glucose was added. Analyses using both DGGE and FISH indicated that the bacterial community changed in response to the addition of naphthalene. FISH data indicated that a few major phylogenetic groups increased in response to the glucose addition and especially to the naphthalene addition. DGGE also demonstrated differences in community composition among treatments, with four phylotypes being unique to naphthalene-amended treatments and three of these having 16S rRNA genes similar to known hydrocarbon degraders. The bacterial community in the naphthalene-amended treatment was distinct from the communities in the glucose-amended treatment and in the no-addition control. These data suggest that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may have large effects on microbial community structure in estuaries and probably on microbially mediated biogeochemical processes. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirchman, DL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM kirchman@udel.edu NR 50 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00062.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 021YV UT WOS:000236022700007 PM 16542405 ER PT J AU Kurland, J DuBois, S Behling, C Savides, T AF Kurland, J DuBois, S Behling, C Savides, T TI Severe upper-GI bleed caused by gastritis cystica profunda SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASTROENTEROSTOMY SITE; POLYPOSA; CARCINOMA; HYPERPLASIA; STOMACH C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Thornton Gastroenterol 0956, Div Gastroenterol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Savides, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Thornton Gastroenterol 0956, Div Gastroenterol, 9320 Campus Point Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 716 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2005.11.027 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 029BZ UT WOS:000236534200044 PM 16564886 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Broad-spectrum respiratory tract pathogen identification using resequencing DNA microarrays SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; RAPID DETECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; UNITED-STATES; AMPLIFICATION; PCR AB The exponential growth of pathogen nucleic acid sequences available in public domain databases has invited their direct use in pathogen detection, identification, and surveillance strategies. DNA microarray technology has offered the potential for the direct DNA sequence analysis of a broad spectrum of pathogens of interest. However, to achieve the practical attainment of this potential, numerous technical issues, especially nucleic acid amplification, probe specificity, and interpretation strategies of sequence detection, need to be addressed. In this report, we demonstrate an approach that combines the use of a custom-designed Affymetrix resequencing Respiratory Pathogen Microarray (RPM v.1) with methods for microbial nucleic acid enrichment, random nucleic acid amplification, and automated sequence similarity searching for broad-spectrum respiratory pathogen surveillance. Successful proof-of-concept experiments, utilizing clinical samples obtained from patients presenting adenovirus or influenza virus-induced febrile respiratory illness (FRI), demonstrate the ability of this approach for correct species- and strain-level identification with unambiguous statistical interpretation at clinically relevant sensitivity levels. Our results underscore the feasibility of using this approach to expedite the early surveillance of diseases, and provide new information on the incidence of multiple pathogens. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Lackland AFB, Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USAF, HQ, SGR, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1101/gr.4337206 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 031JF UT WOS:000236700000010 PM 16481660 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Lee, ZP Muller-Karger, FE Carder, KL Walsh, JJ AF Hu, CM Lee, ZP Muller-Karger, FE Carder, KL Walsh, JJ TI Ocean color reveals phase shift between marine plants and yellow substance SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycle; colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM); ocean color; phase shift; phytoplankton; remote sensing; sea surface reflectance ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES; SARGASSO SEA; WATERS; CARBON; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS AB Daily high-resolution Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) images of the central North Atlantic Ocean (1998-2003) show that temporal changes in the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) or "yellow substance" follow changes in phytoplankton pigment absorption coefficient in time. CDOM peaks (between January and March) and troughs (late summer and fall) followed pigment peaks and troughs by approximately two and four weeks, respectively. This phase shift is additional strong evidence that CDOM in the marine environment is derived from phytoplankton degradation. The common assumption of linear covariation between chloropyll and CDOM is a simplification even in this ocean gyre. Due to the temporal changes in CDOM, chlorophyll concentration estimated based on traditional remote sensing band-ratio algorithms may be overestimated by about 10% during the spring bloom and underestimated by a similar 10% during the fall. These observations are only possible through use of synoptic, precise, accurate, and frequent measurements afforded by space-based sensors because in situ technologies cannot provide the required sensitivity or synoptic coverage to observe these natural phenomena. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu; zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.862527 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 038HO UT WOS:000237210200017 ER PT J AU Livingston, ES Goff, JA Finette, S Abbot, P Lynch, JF Hodgkiss, WS AF Livingston, E. S. Goff, J. A. Finette, S. Abbot, P. Lynch, J. F. Hodgkiss, W. S. TI Capturing uncertainty in the tactical ocean environment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OASIS, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Livingston, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM abbot@oasislex.com; jlynch@whoi.edu RI Goff, John/B-9972-2008 OI Goff, John/0000-0001-9246-5048 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.878579 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 096SP UT WOS:000241397400001 ER PT J AU LePage, KD AF LePage, Kevin D. TI Modeling propagation and reverberation sensitivity to oceanographic and seabed variability SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; acoustic scattering; statistics ID WATER AB The propagation of bottom and oceanographic variability through to the variability of acoustic transmissions and reverberation is evaluated with a simple adiabatic model interacting with Gaussian distributed uncertainty in a narrow frequency band. Results show that there is significant sensitivity of time series and reverberation uncertainty to different types of environmental uncertainty. For propagation over uncertain bottoms, it is shown that it is that later part of the time series, corresponding to the highest angle energy reflecting most often off the surface and bottom, that is most sensitive to bottom uncertainty. This implies that the larger reverberation contributions from the highest grazing angles with the largest scattering strength is also the most uncertain. Conversely, it is the lowest angle arrivals which are most sensitive to uncertainty in the sound-speed profile. These behaviors are predicted analytically by the theory [K.D. LePage, in "Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability on Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance," Kluwer, 2002, pp. 353-360]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.lepage@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.875095 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 096SP UT WOS:000241397400012 ER PT J AU LePage, KD McDonald, BE AF LePage, Kevin D. McDonald, B. Edward TI Environmental effects of waveguide uncertainty on coherent aspects of propagation, scattering, and reverberation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; statistics ID TRAVEL-TIME PERTURBATIONS; INTERNAL WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER AB The robustness of the coherence of waveguide propagation to environmental uncertainty becomes an important consideration for systems that seek to exploit coherence for gain. Examples include matched field processing for passive localization and time reversal mirrors (TRMs) for active systems. Here, efficient normal mode representations of midfrequency time-domain propagation using the narrowband and adiabatic approximations are used to explore the deterioration of coherent active system predictability and performance in the presence sound-speed perturbations in the water column. Results show that for TRMs the reverberation level at the focal range is increased, and the scattering from an illuminated object is reduced for ensembles over oceanographic uncertainty. Results are obtained analytically as formal averages and are believed to represent a lower limit on the deterioration of TRIM performance in the presence of environmental uncertainty for shallow-water waveguides. C1 USN, Res Lab, Analyt Acoust Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Adv Acoust Concepts Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Analyt Acoust Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.lepage@nrl.navy.mil; mcdonald@sonar.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.875096 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 096SP UT WOS:000241397400013 ER PT J AU Traweek, CM Wettergren, TA AF Traweek, C. Michael Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Efficient sensor characteristic selection for cost-effective distributed sensor networks SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cost modeling; distributed search; distributed sensors; performance tradeoffs; sensor networks ID MULTIPLE SENSORS; DECISION FUSION; TRACKING AB For distributed sensor technologies whose costs are understood (or which may be estimated in some reasonable manner), we derive a simple analytic means by which to estimate the most cost-effective sensor detection range. Specifically, we consider design of sensor nodes whose purpose is to exploit a set of coherent acoustic array technologies to detect a target with a specified radiated signature in an environment characterized by the sonar equation. We define a simplified calculus of distributed search that exploits simple target motion as a means to enhance spatial coverage for a sparse field of uniformly distributed sensor nodes. We examine this strategy in the context of both area (two-dimensional) and volume (three-dimensional) surveillance coverage under both cylindrical and spherical spreading models. In all situations, cost-effective design guidance is given based on maintaining spatial detection coverage. C1 USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Traweek, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM traweem@onr.navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.875102 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 096SP UT WOS:000241397400019 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K AF Blunt, Shannon D. Gerlach, Karl TI Adaptive pulse compression via MMSE estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SIDELOBE; DECONVOLUTION; REDUCTION; FILTERS; CODES AB Radar pulse compression involves the extraction of an estimate of the range profile illuminated by a radar in the presence of noise. A problem inherent to pulse compression is the masking of small targets by large nearby targets due to the range sidelobes that result from standard matched filtering. This paper presents a new approach based upon a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) formulation in which the pulse compression filter for each individual range cell is adaptively estimated from the received signal in order to mitigate the masking interference resulting from matched filtering in the vicinity of large targets. The proposed method is compared with the standard matched filter and least-squares (LS) estimation and is shown to be superior over a variety of stressing scenarios. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Eaton Hall,1520 W 15th St,Rm 3034, Lawrence, KS 66015 USA. EM sdblunt@eecs.ku.edu NR 30 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 572 EP 584 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1642573 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 065UN UT WOS:000239185400015 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Singer, CH Dougal, RA AF Liu, Shengyi Singer, Charles H. Dougal, Roger A. TI Power anomaly effects and costs in low-voltage mobile power systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTION-MOTOR; HARMONIC CURRENTS; DC OFFSET; DISTORTION; INTERRUPTIONS; EQUIPMENT; LOADS; SAGS AB Electric power anomalies or disturbances can disrupt the normal operation of equipment, accelerate aging, or even cause outright failures thus resulting in increased costs of maintenance and reduced system reliability. Past research on the effects caused by power anomalies has been mostly focused on industrial, commercial, or residential systems, or on power distribution equipment. A literature survey reveals that there is no comprehensive review related to low-voltage (LV) power systems and utilization equipment applicable to military combat vehicles, such as aircraft and ships. This paper summarizes the results of a new literature survey that focused on the causes, effects, and mitigation methods for power anomalies typical of LV mobile power systems. Electric power anomaly cost data collected from the literature are also presented, from which the costs of anomalies to the national defense are estimated using some simple rationales. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NAVAIR, Elect Power Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Liu, SY (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM lius@engr.sc.edu NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 612 EP 624 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 065UN UT WOS:000239185400018 ER PT J AU Furman, MD Simonotto, JD Beaver, TM Spano, ML Ditto, WL AF Furman, MD Simonotto, JD Beaver, TM Spano, ML Ditto, WL TI Using recurrence quantification analysis determinism for noise removal in cardiac optical mapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE determinism; optical mapping; noise; noise reduction; Recurrence Quantification Analysis; signal-to-noise ratio; standard median filter ID VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYES; TIME-SERIES; PLOTS; MUSCLE; SIGNALS; SYSTEM; WAVES AB Selecting signal processing parameters in optical imaging by utilizing the change in Determinism, a measure introduced in Recurrence Quantification Analysis, provides a novel method using the change in residual noise Determinism for improving noise quantification and removal across signals exhibiting disparate underlying tissue pathologies. The method illustrates an improved process for selecting filtering parameters and how using measured signal-to-noise ratio alone can lead to improper parameter selection. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mfurman@bme.ufl.edu; jennifer@bme.ufl.edu; beavetm@surgery.ufl.edu; mark.spano@mailaps.org; wiIfiam.ditto@bme.ufl.edu RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; Simonotto, Jennifer/A-4788-2010; OI Simonotto, Jennifer/0000-0002-0622-6989; Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9294 EI 1558-2531 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1109/TBME.2006.870195 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 029IY UT WOS:000236557100025 PM 16602587 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, TL Ferro-Famil, L Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Ferro-Famil, L Lee, JS TI Orientation angle preserving a posteriori polarimetric SAR calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; radar polarimetry ID CORNER REFLECTOR; ALGORITHM; DIHEDRALS; IMAGES AB Fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data analysis has found wide application for terrain classification, land-use, soil moisture, and ground cover classification. Critical to all analyses and applications is accurate calibration of the relative amplitudes of and phases between the various polarimetric channels. Here we propose an a posteriori method imposing only the weakest of constraints, scattering reciprocity, on the polarimetric data. Calibration parameters are self-consistently estimated from full 4 x 4 polarimetric covariance matrices. Whilst the complete set of calibration parameters is underdetermined, we give several reasonable heuristic methods to provide a complete calibration. Stronger constraints reduce the number of independent parameters and provide an overdetermined set of equations but at a cost-the loss of polarimetric fidelity when the underlying assumptions are violated. Without recourse to in situ calibration targets, the extent of the polarimetric distortion that results from polarimetric calibration remains unknown. We apply our new method to simulated data, anechoic chamber data and polarimetric SAR imagery. We also present comparisons with alternate calibration methods and different approximate solutions of the new technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rennes 1, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; laurent.ferro-famil@univ-rennes1.fr NR 28 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1003 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.862508 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 028GD UT WOS:000236474100024 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Rogge, MS Knapp, PF Swingen, L Bucholtz, F AF Urick, VJ Rogge, MS Knapp, PF Swingen, L Bucholtz, F TI Wide-band predistortion linearization for externally modulated long-haul analog fiber-optic links SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE microwave photonics; predistortion linearization; spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) ID SYSTEMS; RADIO AB We analyze the performance of a custom wide-band predistortion linearizer designed to operate in conjunction with an externally modulated analog photonic link. In addition, we propose an extended spurious-free dynamic-range (SFDR) specification for analog photonic links employing linearization techniques. The benefits of predistortion linearization for analog fiber links limited by optical amplifier noise are dernonstrated and a 6-12-GHz 20-km analog link is shown to achieve a SFDR of 108.4 dB - Hz(2/3), a 6-dB increase relative to the uncompensated link. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1458 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.871357 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 033YC UT WOS:000236889900019 ER PT J AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, I Withers, WD TI Custom-built moments for edge location SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE edge detection; moments; step edge; Radon transform; wedgelets ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB We present a general construction of functions whose moments serve to locate and parametrize step edges within an image. Previous use of moments to locate edges was limited to functions supported on a circular region, but our method allows the use of "custom-designed" functions supported on circles, rectangles, or any desired shape, and with graphs whose shape may be chosen with great freedom. We present analyses of the sensitivity of our method to pixelization errors or discrepancy between the image and an idealized edge model. The parametric edge description yielded by our method makes it especially suitable as a component of wedgelet image coding. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM popovici@usna.edu; wdw@usna.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.75 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 011FK UT WOS:000235253300012 PM 16566511 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Fedin, DA Ivanov, VV Esaulov, AA Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Williamson, K Ouart, ND Yilmaz, MF Laca, P Cowan, TE Rudakov, LI Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD Velikovich, AL Chuvatin, AS AF Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Fedin, DA Ivanov, VV Esaulov, AA Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Williamson, K Ouart, ND Yilmaz, MF Laca, P Cowan, TE Rudakov, LI Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD Velikovich, AL Chuvatin, AS TI Radiation properties and implosion dynamics of planar and cylindrical wire arrays, asymmetric and symmetric, uniform and combined X-pinches on the UNR 1-MA Zebra generator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2005) CY JUN, 2005 CL Monterey, CA DE wire arrays; X-pinches; X-ray imaging; X-ray spectroscopy; Z-pinch ID VACUUM-SPARK PLASMA; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; EMISSION; BACKLIGHTER; ENERGY; MO AB In the following experiments, we studied implosions of different wire arrays and X-pinches produced on the 1-MA Zebra generator at the University of Nevada, Reno. Diagnostics included both spatially-resolved and time-gated X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and laser probing. In particular, we compared planar wire arrays, to which little energy could be coupled via the conventional magnetic-to-kinetic conversion mechanism, to cylindrical wire arrays of comparable dimensions and mass. The planar wire arrays were shown to radiate much higher peak power and more energy in subkiloelectronvolt and kiloelectronvolt spectral ranges than cylindrical wire arrays. We tested the theoretical conjecture that enhanced resistivity due to the small-scale inhomogeneity of wire-array plasmas has a major effect on dynamics, energy coupling and radiation performance of wire-array Z-pinches. The study of Al, Alumel, and W cylindrical wire arrays shows a wide variety of characteristic behaviors in plasma implosions discussed hereinafter. Additional experimental results for symmetric and asymmetric, uniform stainless steel, Cu, Mo, combined Al/Mo, Mo/Al, Al/W, W/Al, and Mo/W X-pinches are also presented. New data for the total radiation yield are obtained. The planar structures of X-pinch plasma and the corresponding electron beam was observed for most of X-pinches. The generation of hot spots along original wires positions-cooler than those from the cross-wire region-and arc structures with hot spots between wires were found for X-pinches composed from Al, Cu, and W wires. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. KTech, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM victor@physics.unr.edu RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 194 EP 212 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.872173 PN 1 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 035VN UT WOS:000237029900008 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Ting, AC Alexeev, I Fischer, RP Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Ting, AC Alexeev, I Fischer, RP Sprangle, P TI Direct measurements of the dynamics of self-guided femtosecond laser filaments in air SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS 2005) CY JUN, 2005 CL Monterey, CA DE air propagation; filamentation; laser-plasma interaction; ultrashort pulses ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PLASMA CHANNEL; PULSES; PROPAGATION AB Imaging of femtosecond laser filaments is accomplished by utilizing a recently developed diagnostic which is not damaged by the filaments and which greatly reduces the nonlinearities in the detection system. This calibrated detection system allows quantities such as the filament energy and fluence distribution to be determined with greater detail, accuracy, and confidence than was previously possible. The diagnostic is placed on a rail so that filament images can be obtained at a large number of positions along the propagation path. It is found that filaments formed from 450-fs pulses carry higher fluence and propagate farther than filaments formed from 50-fs pulses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.872179 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 035VN UT WOS:000237029900014 ER PT J AU Raines, KW Kang, TJ Hibbs, S Cao, GL Weaver, J Tsai, P Baillie, L Cross, AS Rosen, GM AF Raines, KW Kang, TJ Hibbs, S Cao, GL Weaver, J Tsai, P Baillie, L Cross, AS Rosen, GM TI Importance of nitric oxide synthase in the control of infection by Bacillus anthracis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ENDOSPORES REQUIRES; SUPEROXIDE; GERMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXOSPORIUM; PROTEINS; PEROXYNITRITE; GENERATION; ARGINASE AB The spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, has achieved notoriety due to its use as a bioterror agent. In the environment, B. anthracis exists as a dormant endospore. Upon infection, germination of endospores occurs during their internalization within the phagocyte, and the ability to survive exposure to antibacterial killing mechanisms, such as O-2(-), NO, and H2O2, is a key initial event in the infective process. Macrophages generate NO from the oxidative metabolism of L-arginine, using an isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS 2). Exposure of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) to B. anthracis endospores up-regulated & expression of NOS 2 12 h after exposure, and production of NO was comparable to that achieved following other bacterial infections. Spore-killing assays demonstrated a NO-dependent bactericidal response that was significantly decreased in the presence of the NOS 2 inhibitor L-N-6-(1-imino-ethyl)lysine and in L-arginine-depleted media. Interestingly, we also found that B. anthracis bacilli and endospores exhibited arginase activity, possibly competing with host NOS 2 for its substrate, L-arginine. As macrophage-gene rated NO is an important pathway in microbial killing, the ability of endospores of B. anthracis to regulate production of this free radical hits important implications in the control of B. anthracis-mediated infection. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, EPR Imaging Vivo Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Rosen, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM grosen@umaryland.edu OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI-057168, U54 AI057168]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB002034, EB-2034] NR 36 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 2268 EP 2276 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.4.2268-2276.2006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 028HF UT WOS:000236477000030 PM 16552057 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Garland, FC AF Garland, CF Garland, FC TI Commentary: Progress of a paradigm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; CANCER MORTALITY; COLON-CANCER; VITAMIN-D; SUNLIGHT; BREAST; RATES; US C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 220 EP 222 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi230 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033AI UT WOS:000236817900004 PM 16303808 ER PT J AU Grant, WB Gorham, ED AF Grant, WB Gorham, ED TI Commentary: Time for public health action on vitamin D for cancer risk reduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLON-CANCER; MORTALITY-RATES; SUNLIGHT; RADIATION; BREAST; US C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr SUNARC, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM Gorham@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 224 EP 225 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi232 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033AI UT WOS:000236817900006 PM 16303806 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Clavio, S Graham, K Kuschner, R Sun, W Russell, KL Binn, LN AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Clavio, Sarah Graham, Katherine Kuschner, Robert Sun, Wellington Russell, Kevin L. Binn, Leonard N. TI Emergence of a new human adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) genotype: Identification of a novel inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from majority of Ad4 isolates from US military recruits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human adenovirus type 4; inverted terminal repeat (ITR); terminal binding protein; new Ad4 genotype; Ad-associated ARD ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DNA-REPLICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; YOUNG-ADULTS; EPIDEMIC; VACCINES; GENOME; SEROTYPES; ILLNESS; SAFETY AB Background: Ad4 is the principal etiological agent of acute respiratory disease (ARD) in the US military. Discovery of the novel 208 bp inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from a recent AM Jax78 field isolate was totally distinct from the analogous 116 bp ITR of AM prototype. Objectives: To investigate the origin and distribution of the novel AM ITR sequence from ARD infections. Study design: Direct sequencing of ligated Ad ITR termini. Results: The new AM ITR was highly homologous with the ITRs of human Ad subgroup B. The left post-ITR region of Ad4 Jax78 was found to be highly homologous to the corresponding region of subgroup B Ads: 81% for Ad11 and 98% for Ad3 and Ad7. The right post-ITR region of AM Jax78 contained a truncated classic ITR of the AM prototype. Conclusions: The AM Jax78 ITR most likely evolved from AM prototype by substituting the Ad4 prototype ITR with the subgroup B Ads ITR. The ITR-based PCR assays developed from this study can be used to distinguish the new AM genotype from the classical Ad4 prototype. The new AM genotype was first detected in 1976 from Georgia, USA, and is the main causative agent of ARD infections in US military population. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res Resp Dis Lab, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM huo-shu.houng@na.amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.11.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 070SW UT WOS:000239545300004 PM 16406799 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS Greenwood, JA Johnson, KL AF Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS Greenwood, JA Johnson, KL TI Oscillating adhesive contacts between micron-scale tips and compliant polymers SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adhesion viscoelastic; elastomer; PDMS; JKR; nanomechanics; force curve; AFM; thin films ID ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; SURFACE FORCES; STIFFNESS; FRICTION; INDENTATION; SOLIDS; AREA; LOAD AB Adhesion of micron-scale probes with model poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, elastomers was Studied with a depth-sensing nanoindenter under oscillatory loading conditions. For contacts between diamond indenters (radius R = 5 or 10 mu m) and PDMS, force-displacement Curves were highly reversible and consistent with Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) behavior. However, our experiments have revealed striking differences between the experimental measurements of tip-sample interaction stiffness and the theoretical JKR stiffness. The measured stiffness was always greater than zero, even in the reflex portion of the curve (between the maximum adhesive force and release), where the JKR stiffness is negative. This apparent paradox can be resolved by considering, the effects of viscoelasticity of PDMS on an oscillating crack tip in a JKR contact. Under well described conditions determined by oscillation frequency, sample viscoelastic properties, and the Tabor parameter (with variables R, reduced elastic modulus, E*, and interfacial energy, Delta y), an oscillating crack tip will neither advance nor recede. In that case, the contact size is fixed (like that of a flat punch) Lit any given point on the load-displacement cycle, and the experimentally measured stiffness is equal to the equivalent punch stiffness. For a fixed oscillation frequency, a transition between JKR and punch stiffness can be brought about by an increase in radius Of the probe or a decrease in PDMS modulus. Additionally, varying the oscillation frequency for a fixed E*, R, and Delta y also resulted in transition between JKR and punch stiffness in a predictable manner Comparisons of experiments and theory for an oscillating viscoelastic JKR contact are presented. The storage modulus and surface energy from nanoscale JKR stiffness measurements were compared to calculated values and those measured with conventional nanoindentation and JKR force-displacement analyses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 1 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.028 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 024HH UT WOS:000236185600022 PM 16168427 ER PT J AU Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ AF Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ TI Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification - Part two SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CARCINOMA; DISCOID LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PROLIFERATING TRICHILEMMAL CYST; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; IONIZING-RADIATION THERAPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA AB Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) includes many subtypes with widely varying clinical behaviors, ranging from indolent to aggressive tumors with significant metastatic potential. However, the tendency for pathologists and clinicians alike is to refer to all squamoid neoplasms as generic SCC. No definitive, comprehensive clinicopathological system dividing cutaneous SCCs into categories based upon their aggressiveness has yet been promulgated. Therefore, we have proposed the following based upon the malignant potential of SCC variants, separating them into categories of low (<= 2% metastatic rate), intermediate (3-10%), high (greater than 10%), and indeterminate behavior. Low-risk SCCs include SCC arising in actinic keratosis, HPV-associated SCC, tricholemmal carcinoma, and spindle cell SCC (unassociated with radiation). Intermediate-risk SCCs include adenoid (acantholytic) SCC, intraepidermal epithelioma with invasion, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. High-risk subtypes include de novo SCC, SCC arising in association with predisposing factors (radiation, burn scars, and immunosuppression), invasive Bowen's disease, adenosquamous carcinoma, and malignant proliferating pilar tumors. The indeterminate category includes signet ring cell SCC, follicular SCC, papillary SCC, SCC arising in adnexal cysts, squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma, and clear-cell SCC. Subclassification of SCC into these risk-based categories, along with enumeration of other factors including tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion will provide prognostically relevant information and facilitate the most optimal treatment for patients. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dermatol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pathol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dermatopathol Lab, Orange, CA 92668 USA. RP Cassarino, DS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Lane Bldg,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dcassari@stanford.edu OI Cassarino, David/0000-0001-8875-0858 NR 234 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 261 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00516.x PG 19 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 026ZX UT WOS:000236383300001 PM 16630176 ER PT J AU Mohney, S Stahlbush, R Phillips, J AF Mohney, S Stahlbush, R Phillips, J TI Special issue papers: Group III nitrides, SiC, and ZnO - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mohney, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 511 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0090-4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 036UQ UT WOS:000237101800001 ER PT J AU Cowart, JS AF Cowart, JS TI Post-combustion in-cylinder vaporization during cranking and startup in a port-fuel-injected spark ignition engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB During port fuel-injected (PFI) spark-ignition (SI) engine startup and warn-up fuel accounting continues to be a challenge. Excess fuel must be injected for a near stoichiometric combustion charge. The "extra" fuel that does not contribute to the combustion process may stay in the intake port or as liquid films on the combustion chamber walls. Some of this combustion chamber wall liquid fuel is transported to the engine's oil sump and some of this liquid fuel escapes combustion and evolves during the expansion and exhaust strokes. Experiments were performed to investigate and quantify this emerging in-cylinder fuel vapor post-combustion cycle by cycle during engine startup. It is believed that this,fuel vapor is evaporating front cylinder surfaces and emerging front cylinder crevices. A fast in-cylinder diagnostic, the fast flame ionization detector, was used to measure this behavior. Substantial post-combustion fuel vapor was measured during engine startup. The amount of post-combustion fuel vapor that develops relative to the in-cylinder precombustion fuel charge is on the order of one, for cold starting (0 degrees C) and decreases to similar to(1)/(3) for hot starting engine cycles. Fuel accounting suggests that the intake port puddle forms quickly, over the first few engine cranking cycles. Analysis suggests that sufficient charge temperature and crevice oxygen exists to at least partially oxidize the majority of this post-combustion fuel vapor such that engine out hydrocarbons are not excessive. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1115/1.2061307 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 036AU UT WOS:000237043900020 ER PT J AU Brunner, CA Beall, JM Bentley, SJ Furukawa, Y AF Brunner, CA Beall, JM Bentley, SJ Furukawa, Y TI Hypoxia hotspots in the Mississippi Bight SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; PYRITE FORMATION; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; HISTORICAL TRENDS; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; SEASONAL HYPOXIA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Foraminiferal proxies of hypoxia indicate apparent low oxygen to hypoxic conditions in several hotspots in the Mississippi Bight. The foraminiferal hypoxia proxies, the Ammonia to Elphidium (A/E) index and the Pseudononion-Epistominella-Buliminella (PEB) index, were tabulated from three sets of core tops collected in 1951-1956. Additionally, the oxygenation history of a site near the Balize delta was evaluated over the past one hundred years based on A/E and PEB indices and size distributions of pyrite framboids in a gravity core dated by Pb-210 geochronology. The results from the 1950's core-top collections show apparent, recurrent low-oxygen to hypoxic bottom water on the inner shelf at hotspot locales seaward of the Mississippi-Alabama barrier islands and the eastern distributaries of the Balize delta. Specifically, the A/E index exceeds 90% on the inner shelf seaward of Horn and Dauphin islands, both of the Mississippi-Alabama barrier islands, and a center between Pass a Loutre and Main Pass of the Balize delta. In partial support of these results are reports of present-day low oxygen to hypoxic concentrations in bottom waters associated with seasonally high surface chlorophyll a and seasonal strengthening of a brackish-water cap at these locales. In contrast, the PEB index in core tops suggests good oxygenation at midshelf depths > 30 m. The PEB index, size distributions of framboidal pyrite, and other indicators in a gravity core 44 km northeast of Pass A Loutre indicate no clear change in conditions over the past century, constraining the seaward extent of the hotspot near the Balize delta. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brunner, CA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM charlotte.brunner@usm.edu; jenniferb@dnr.state.la.us; sjb@lsu.edu; yfurukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013; Brunner, Charlotte/A-9705-2014 OI Brunner, Charlotte/0000-0002-6200-167X NR 84 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.2113/36.2.95 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 046SF UT WOS:000237830600001 ER PT J AU Benson, CM Drdla, K Nedoluha, GE Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Bevilacqua, RM AF Benson, CM Drdla, K Nedoluha, GE Shettle, EP Hoppel, KW Bevilacqua, RM TI Microphysical modeling of southern polar dehydration during the 1998 winter and comparison with POAM III observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; STRATOSPHERIC ICE CLOUDS; SAGE-II; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; UNIFIED MODEL; AEROSOL; CONDENSATION; TROPOSPHERE; OZONE; EVAPORATION AB Stratospheric dehydration and high aerosol extinctions are examined for the 1998 Antarctic winter using the Integrated Microphysics and Aerosol Chemistry on Trajectories (IMPACT) model and data obtained by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument. The model is applied to individual air parcels which are advected along 3-D trajectories using the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) global wind and temperature fields. Model results are compared to water vapor and aerosol extinction measurements obtained with the POAM instrument. Results suggest that the water vapor mixing ratio at the end of the season is predicted with reasonable accuracy. However, dehydration occurs more rapidly in the simulation than is indicated by the POAM data. In addition to dehydration results, the frequency of high aerosol extinction measurements is examined for all model runs and compared to POAM data. The aerosol extinction comparisons are consistent with the assumption that heterogeneous nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) freezing occurs in approximately 1% of all particles. Various model parameters influencing ice cloud microphysics are altered to examine their effects on both the water vapor mixing ratio and high aerosol extinction events. While a reduction in the ice accommodation coefficient and an increase in the ice nucleation barrier both improve the agreement in the water vapor mixing ratio, the agreement in aerosol extinction is worsened. Extinction comparisons suggest that the model results are consistent with either high or low NAT-ice lattice compatibility factors, although intermediate values agree poorly with POAM data. The extent of dehydration is highly dependent on temperature; therefore, an uncertainty as small as +/- 1 K in the UKMO temperature fields may significantly change the model results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Benson, CM (reprint author), Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. EM benson@wvms.nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D7 AR D07201 DI 10.1029/2005JD006506 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031UV UT WOS:000236730700001 ER PT J AU Kang, TJ Chen, WH Basu, S Fenton, MJ Weiner, MA Hibbs, S Baillie, L Cross, AS AF Kang, Tae Jin Chen, Wilbur H. Basu, Subhendu Fenton, Metthew J. Weiner, Matthew A. Hibbs, Stephen Baillie, Les Cross, Alan S. TI Critical role for caspase-1 in the innate immune response to Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 12-16, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 SU S BP S98 EP S99 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 060YD UT WOS:000238837100454 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK TI Polarization properties of interferometrically interrogated fiber Bragg grating and tandem-interferometer strain sensors SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birefringence; optical-fiber polarization; optical interferometry; optical noise; strain measurement ID WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROMETRY; SCHEME AB Lead sensitivity in low-coherence interferometric fiber-optic sensors is a well-known problem. It can lead to a severe degradation in the sensor resolution and accuracy through its effect on the fringe visibility and interferometric phase. These sensitivities have been attributed to birefringence in the various components. In the current work, an analysis of the polarization properties of fiber Bragg grating and tandem-interferometer strain sensors, using Stokes calculus and the Poincare sphere, is presented. The responses of these sensors as a function of the birefringence properties of the various components under different illuminating conditions are derived. The predicted responses demonstrate very good agreement with experimentally measured responses. These models provide a clear insight into the evolution of the polarization states through the sensor networks. Methods to overcome the lead sensitivity are discussed and demonstrated, which yield a differential strain measurement accuracy of 18 n epsilon - rms for a fiber Bragg grating sensor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1787 EP 1795 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.871055 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 032ZJ UT WOS:000236815200018 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Siwak, N Amarnath, K Kanakaraju, S Chuang, WH Ghodssi, R AF Pruessner, MW Siwak, N Amarnath, K Kanakaraju, S Chuang, WH Ghodssi, R TI End-coupled optical waveguide MEMS devices in the indium phosphide material system SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FABRY-PEROT FILTER; PROPERTY MEASUREMENT; TUNING RANGE; SWITCH; MICROCANTILEVERS; OSCILLATORS; SILICON; MIRRORS AB We demonstrate electrostatically actuated end-coupled optical waveguide devices in the indium phosphide (InP) material system. The design of a suitable layer structure and fabrication process for actuated InP-based waveguide micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is reviewed. Critical issues for optical design, such as coupling losses, are discussed and their effect on device performance is evaluated. Several end-coupled waveguide devices are demonstrated, including 1x2 optical switches and resonant sensors with integrated optical readout. The 1x2 optical switches exhibit low-voltage operation (<7 V), low crosstalk (-26 dB), reasonable loss (3.2 dB) and switching speed suitable for network restoration applications (140 mu s, 2 ms settling time). Experimental characterization of the integrated cantilever waveguide resonant sensors shows high repeatability and accuracy, with a standard deviation as low as sigma=50 Hz (0.027%) for f(resonant)=184.969 kHz. By performing focused-ion beam (FIB) milling on a sensor, a mass sensitivity of Delta m/Delta f=5.3x10(-15) g Hz(-1) was measured, which is competitive with other sensors. Resonant frequencies as high as f=1.061 MHz (Q(effective)=159.7) have been measured in air with calculated sensitivity Delta m/Delta f=1.1x10(-16) g Hz(-1). Electrostatic tuning of the resonator sensors was also examined. The prospect of developing InP MEMS devices monolithically integrated with active optical components (lasers, LEDs, photodetectors) is discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MEMS Sensors & Actuators Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcelwp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ghodssi@eng.umd.edu NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/4/021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 039NK UT WOS:000237312600022 ER PT J AU Hagan, KJ AF Hagan, KJ TI Global geostrategy: Mackinder and the defence of the west. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hagan, KJ (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0098 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 028HX UT WOS:000236478900035 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, JB TI American admiralship: The moral imperatives of naval command. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 557 EP 558 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0099 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 028HX UT WOS:000236478900061 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Murday, JS Lau, CGY Tolles, WM AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Murday, James S. Lau, Clifford G. Y. Tolles, William M. TI The seminal literature of nanotechnology research SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE nanotechnology; nanoscience; nanotubes; quantum dots; nanoparticles; nanomaterials; self-assembly; citation analysis; citation-assisted background; literature survey; literature review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOWIRE BUILDING-BLOCKS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; RARE-EARTH IONS; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES AB A generally weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of seminal background documents that formed the building blocks for these papers. A method for systematically determining these seminal references is presented. Citation-assisted background (CAB) is based on the assumption that seminal documents tend to be highly cited. Application of CAB to the field of nanotechnology research is presented. While CAB is a highly systematic approach for identifying seminal references, it serves as a supplement and is not a substitute for the judgment of the authors. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 176 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 193 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-9034-9 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 072AZ UT WOS:000239646300002 ER PT J AU Park, SY Chu, PC AF Park, SY Chu, PC TI Interannual SST variability in the Japan/East sea and relationship with environmental variables SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Japan Sea; complex empirical orthogonal function; interannual variability; sea surface temperature anomaly propagation ID ASIAN WINTER MONSOON; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SUMMER MONSOON; JET-STREAM; EL-NINO; EAST; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION AB Interannual variability of the Japan/East Sea (JES) sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated from the reconstructed NOAA/AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder best SST data (1985 similar to 2002) using the complex empirical function (CEOF) analysis. The iterative empirical function analysis is used for the SST data reconstruction. The first two leading CEOFs account for 86.0% of total variance with 66.4% for the first mode and 19.6% for the second mode. The first CEOF mode represents a standing oscillation and a maximum belt in the central JES. There are two near-7-year events and one 2 similar to 3-year event during the period of 1985 similar to 2002. The first mode oscillates by adjacent atmospheric systems such as the Aleutian Low, the North Pacific High, the Siberian High, and the East Asian jet stream. Positive correlation in a zonal belt between the first mode JES SST anomaly and the background surface air temperature/SST anomaly reveals intensive ocean-atmosphere interaction near the Polar Front in the North Pacific. The second CEOF mode represents two features: standing oscillation and propagating signal. The standing oscillation occurs in the northern (north of 44 degrees N) and southern (south of 39 degrees N and west of 136 degrees E) JES with around 180 degrees phase difference. A weak southwestward propagating signal is detected between the two regions. The eastward propagating signal is detected from the East Korean Bay to near 135 degrees E. The second mode contains 4 similar to 5-year periodicity before 1998 and 2 similar to 3-year periodicity thereafter. It is associated with the Arctic Oscillation, which leads it by 1 similar to 5-year. Furthermore, a strong correlation with the background surface air temperature/SST anomaly is detected in the tropical to subtropical western Pacific. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spark@nps.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10872-006-0038-6 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 014OA UT WOS:000235488300001 ER PT J AU Henderson, SM Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Henderson, SM Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Refraction of surface gravity waves by shear waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; INSTABILITIES; NEARSHORE; ENERGY AB Previous field observations indicate that the directional spread of swell-frequency (nominally 0.1 Hz) surface gravity waves increases during shoreward propagation across the surf zone. This directional broadening contrasts with the narrowing observed seaward of the surf zone and predicted by Snell's law for bathymetric refraction. Field-observed broadening was predicted by a new model for refraction of swell by lower-frequency (nominally 0.01 Hz) current and elevation fluctuations. The observations and the model suggest that refraction by the cross-shore currents of energetic shear waves contributed substantially to the observed broadening. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Henderson, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM shenders@coast.ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1175/JPO2890.1 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 047NX UT WOS:000237887100004 ER PT J AU Radko, T Marshall, J AF Radko, T Marshall, J TI The Antarctic Circumpolar Current in three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EULERIAN-MEAN THEORY; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; FLOW; THERMOCLINE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; ACC AB A simple theory is developed for the large-scale three-dimensional structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the upper cell of its overturning circulation. The model is based on a perturbation expansion about the zonal-average residual-mean model developed previously by Marshall and Radko. The problem is solved using the method of characteristics for idealized patterns of wind and buoyancy forcing constructed from observations. The equilibrium solutions found represent a balance between the Eulerian meridional overturning, eddy-induced circulation, and downstream advection by the mean flow. Depth and stratification of the model thermocline increase in the Atlantic-Indian Oceans sector where the mean wind stress is large. Residual circulation in the model is characterized by intensification of the overturning circulation in the Atlantic-Indian sector and reduction in strength in the Pacific Ocean region. Predicted three-dimensional patterns of stratification and residual circulation in the interior of the ACC are compared with observations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Rm SP-344,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 651 EP 669 DI 10.1175/JPO2893.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 047NX UT WOS:000237887100006 ER PT J AU Creamer, DB AF Creamer, DB TI On using polynomial chaos for modeling uncertainty in acoustic propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB The use of polynomial chaos for incorporating environmental variability into propagation models is investigated in the context of a simplified one-dimensional model, which is relevant for acoustic propagation when the random sound speed is independent of depth. Environmental variability is described by a spectral representation of a stochastic process and the chaotic representation of the wave field then consists of an expansion in terms of orthogonal random polynomials. Issues concerning implementation of the relevant equations, the accuracy of the approximation, uniformity of the expansion over the propagation range, and the computational burden necessary to evaluate different field statistics are addressed. When the correlation length of the environmental fluctuations is small, low-order expansions work well, while for large correlation lengths the convergence of the expansion is highly range dependent and requires high-order approximants. These conclusions also apply in higher-dimensional propagation problems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Creamer, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1979 EP 1994 DI 10.1121/1.2173523 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 033SG UT WOS:000236868900013 PM 16642812 ER PT J AU Gaudet, BJ Cotton, WR AF Gaudet, BJ Cotton, WR TI Low-level mesocyclonic concentration by nonaxisymmetric transport. Part I: Supercell and mesocyclone evolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; 2 JUNE 1995; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CYCLIC MESOCYCLOGENESIS; STREAMWISE VORTICITY; CONVECTIVE STORMS; OUTFLOW BOUNDARY; TURBULENT-FLOW; SPIRAL BANDS AB An idealized simulation of a supercell using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was able to produce a low-level mesocyclone near the intersection of the forward- and rear-flank downdrafts. The creation of the low-level mesocyclone is similar to previous studies. After 3600 s, the low-level mesocyclone underwent a period of rapid intensification, during which its form changed from an elongated patch to a compact center. This transition was also accompanied by a sudden decrease in pressure (to 12 mb below that of the neighboring flow), and was found to occur even in the absence of nested grids. It is shown that the stage of strong intensification does not begin aloft, as in the dynamic pipe effect, and then descend to the surface. Rather, the vortex is initiated near the surface, and then builds upward. The process is completed in 5 min, and the final vortex call be clearly distinguished from the larger-scale mesocyclone at the cloud base. The reduction of pressure can be explained as a consequence of the evacuation of mass in the horizontal convergence equation. This is in contrast to axisymmetric models of vortex intensification, which generally rely on the evacuation of mass in the vertical divergence equation. In the latter cases a positive horizontal convergence tendency is what initiates the concentrated vortex. However, nondivergent models prove that vorticity concentration can occur in the absence of any horizontal convergence. Here the concentration is associated with a negative horizontal convergence tendency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaudet, BJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 01 1100, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bgaudet@ece.unm.edu NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1133 DI 10.1175/JAS3685.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038CY UT WOS:000237197300001 ER PT J AU Gaudet, BJ Cotton, WR Montgomery, MT AF Gaudet, BJ Cotton, WR Montgomery, MT TI Low-level mesocyclonic concentration by nonaxisymmetric transport. Part II: Vorticity dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; 5 JUNE 1999; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; DETERMINISTIC MODELS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; STRETCHED VORTICES; OUTFLOW BOUNDARY; TURBULENT-FLOW AB An idealized supercell simulation using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) produced an elongated low-level mesocyclone that subsequently collapsed into a concentrated vortex. Though vorticity continually increased in the mesocyclone due to horizontal convergence, the collapse phase was additionally characterized by rapidly decreasing pressure, closed streamlines, and the creation of a compact vorticity center isolated from the remaining vorticity. It was shown in Part I of this study that the concentration phase was not initiated by an increase in horizontal convergence, suggesting that the proximate cause resided elsewhere. In this study, the vortex concentration in Part I is examined from a vorticity dynamics perspective. It is shown that concentration occurs when inward radial velocity and vertical vorticity become more spatially correlated in the region surrounding the nascent vortex. It is also emphasized that the anisotropy of the horizontal convergence, which is nearly plane-convergent and of comparable magnitude to the mesocyclonic vorticity, is critical to an understanding of the process. The resultant evolution is intermediate between a state of purely two-dimensional nondivergent dynamics and one in which plane convergence confines vorticity to its axis of dilatation. This intermediate state produces a concentrated vortex more rapidly than either end state. The unsteady nature of the initial vorticity band also serves to increase the circulation and wind speed amplification of the final vortex. It is shown how conceptual models in the fluid dynamics literature can be applied to predicting the time and length scales of tornadic mesocyclone evolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaudet, BJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico 1, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 01 1100, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bgaudet@ece.unm.edu NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1150 DI 10.1175/JAS3579.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038CY UT WOS:000237197300002 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW Moore, P AF Monzon, C Forester, DW Moore, P TI Complex source description of focal regions SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID WAVE-EQUATION; TRANSMISSION; REFRACTION; MODES; BEAMS AB Closed-form solutions of the two-dimensional homogeneous wave equation are presented that provide focal-region descriptions corresponding to a converging bundle of rays. The solutions do have evanescent wave content and can be described as a source-sink pair or particle-antiparticle pair, collocated in complex space, with the complex location being critical in the determination of beam shape and focal region size. The wave solutions are not plagued by singularities, have a finite energy, and have a limitation on how small the focal size can get, with a penalty for limiting small spot sizes in the form of impractically high associated reactive energy. The electric-field-defined spot-size limiting value is 0.35 lambda x 0.35 lambda, which is about 38% of the Poynting-vector-defined minimum spot size (0.8 lambda x 0.4 lambda) and corresponds to a condition related to the maximum possible beam angle. A multiple set of solutions is introduced, and the elementary solutions are used to produce new solutions via superposition, resulting in fields with chiral character or with increased depth of focus. We do not claim generality, as the size of focal regions exhibited by the closed-form solutions has a lower bound and hence is not able to account for Pendry's "ideal lens" scenario. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM jcmonzon@olg.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 788 EP 799 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.000788 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 025XN UT WOS:000236300900004 PM 16604758 ER PT J AU Kowalevicz, AM Sennaroglu, A Zare, AT Fujimoto, JG AF Kowalevicz, AM Sennaroglu, A Zare, AT Fujimoto, JG TI Design principles of q-preserving multipass-cavity femtosecond lasers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; LOCKED TI-AL2O3 LASER; LENS MODE-LOCKING; PASS CAVITY; PULSES; GENERATION; COMPACT; RESONATORS; EFFICIENT AB We describe a new class of femtosecond laser cavity designs that are based on a Herriott-type multipass cavity (MPC) to effectively increase the length of a standard laser resonator. MPC laser designs can be used to increase the output pulse energies or to make more compact resonator configurations. A general theory for MPC lasers is developed by analyzing a periodic optical system, and the conditions are established for the case in which the q parameter of a Gaussian beam is left invariant after a single transit through the system. On the basis of this analysis, we determine the design criteria for two-mirror q-preserving MPCs. Practical laser cavity choices are presented and their trade-offs are examined. We also discuss various experimental setups that use these novel MPC designs to increase pulse energies while maintaining compact cavities. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kowalevicz, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 760 EP 770 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000760 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 031CM UT WOS:000236681700022 ER PT J AU Bohl, DG Volino, RJ AF Bohl, DG Volino, RJ TI Experiments with three-dimensional passive flow control devices on low-pressure turbine airfoils SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID VORTEX GENERATOR JETS; SEPARATION CONTROL; BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB The effectiveness of three-dimensional passive devices for flow control on low pressure turbine airfoils was investigated experimentally. A row of small cylinders was placed at the pressure minimum on the suction side of a typical airfoil. Cases with Reynolds numbers ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) were considered tinder low freestream turbulence conditions. Streamwise pressure profiles and velocity profiles near the trailing edge were documented. Without flow control a separation bubble was present, and at the lower Reynolds numbers the bubble did not close. Cylinders with two different heights and a wide range of spanwise spacings were considered. Reattachment moved upstream as the cylinder height was increased or the spacing was decreased. If the spanwise spacing was sufficiently small, the flow at the trailing edge was essentially uniform across the span. The cylinder size and spacing could be optimized to minimize losses at a given Reynolds number, but cylinders optimized for low Reynolds number conditions caused increased losses at high Reynolds numbers. The effectiveness of two-dimensional bars had been studied previously tinder the same flow conditions. The cylinders were not as effective for maintaining low losses over a range of Reynolds numbers as the bars. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bohl, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1115/1.2137743 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 041NP UT WOS:000237463200005 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Terris, MK CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Delay of radical prostatectomy and risk of biochemical progression in men with low risk prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; biopsy; prostate-specific antigen ID RADIATION-THERAPY; SEARCH DATABASE; RECURRENCE; PSA; PREDICTOR; MORTALITY; ANTIGEN; BIOPSY; IMPACT AB Purpose: Men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are faced with multiple treatment options. Understanding these options and their associated side effects, and making a decision often requires time, resulting in a delay before receiving treatment. This is particularly pertinent in men with low risk disease who may be considered candidates for watchful waiting and, thus, may not experience strong pressure to undergo treatment promptly. Whether delays and especially prolonged delays, eg greater than 180 days, before RP negatively impact the disease outcome is unclear. Materials and Methods: We examined the association between time from diagnosis to surgery, and pathological features of the RP specimen and risk of biochemical progression in 895 men with low risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml and biopsy Gleason sum 6 or less) treated with RP between 1988 and 2004 in the Shared-Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards, respectively. Results: Time from biopsy to surgery was not significantly related to high grade disease in the RP specimen, positive surgical margins or extraprostatic extension (all p-trend > 0.05). After adjustment for multiple clinical covariates a longer time from biopsy to surgery was significantly associated with an increased risk of biochemical progression (p-trend = 0.002). However, this increased risk of progression was only apparent in men with delays greater than 180 days (median 263, vs 90 or fewer days RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.51 to 4.94). Conclusions: Our data suggest that patients with low risk prostate cancer can be reassured that immediate treatment is not necessary. Whether long delays (greater than 180 days) decrease the likelihood of curability in some patients requires further study. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Pathol, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC 27719 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect,Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Pathol, Div Urol Surg, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27719 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938] NR 15 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 175 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/S0022-5437(05)00646-4 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 022EX UT WOS:000236038900030 PM 16515984 ER PT J AU Ross, EV AF Ross, EV TI Laser versus intense pulsed light: Competing technologies in dermatology SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE laser; intense pulsed light; skin; technology; rejuvenation AB Lasers have been competing with non-laser intense pulsed light (IPL) sources in the cosmetic arena over the past 10 years. Initially IPLs were somewhat cumbersome and accepted by a minority of "serious" practitioners. Recently, however, the popularity of full-face visible light skin rejuvenation, enhanced engineering of IPLs, and favorable cost versus many lasers, have lead to a proliferation of IPL devices. No longer a stepchild in the rejuvenation market, IPLs may overtake lasers as the devices of choice among most physicians. We review the pros and cons of lasers and IPLs within the context of design, cost, and other practical concerns for a typical office-based practice. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evross@nmesd.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1002/lsm.20326 PG 12 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 035QV UT WOS:000237017400001 PM 16596659 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Naciri, J Chen, MS Srinivasan, A Ratna, BR AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Naciri, Jawad Chen, Mu-San Srinivasan, Amritha Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Tuning the physical properties of a nematic liquid crystal elastomer actuator SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE; ELASTICITY AB In this report we demonstrate the ability to tune the physical properties of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) by varying the amount and type of crosslinking within the elastomer network. LCE films composed of a single mesogenic compound were capable of uniaxial contraction when thermally actuated through the nematic to isotropic phase of the material. We probed the physical properties of the LCE films while varying the amount and concentration of two crosslinking agents and measured actuation strains of 10 - 35%, elastic moduli of 3 - 14 MPa, and transition temperatures ranging between 75 and 60 degrees C. The viscous losses of the elastomers and the estimated work capable of being produced by the films were also evaluated. The ability to tune the physical properties of the LCE films allows for a wide range of applications including robotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), shapechanging membranes, and/or microfluidics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Spillmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cspillmann@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1080/02678290500494921 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 041QJ UT WOS:000237470500001 ER PT J AU Jouet, RJ Carney, JR Granholm, RH Sandusky, HW Warren, AD AF Jouet, RJ Carney, JR Granholm, RH Sandusky, HW Warren, AD TI Preparation and reactivity analysis of novel perfluoroalkyl coated aluminium nanocomposites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Al nanoparticles; passivation; shock reactivity; laser ablation ID SURFACE AB Passivation of unpassivated aluminium nanoparticles using C13F27COOH is reported with materials containing as much as 32.95%Al. Characterisation data, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectrometry, indicate that the C13F27COOH molecule binds to the surface of the Al particle, protecting the surface from oxidation in ambient air. The fast reaction capability of the Al-C13F27COOH material was investigated using two different means. Response of the material to strong shock was analysed using the small scale shock reactivity test (SSRT). SSRT results show that the Al-C13F27COOH material formulated with cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder produced a significantly larger dent than comparable conventional Al specimen. Additionally, laser ablation/ ignition studies of the prepared Al-C13F27COOH material demonstrate the fast reaction capability of the material. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM richard.jouet@navy.mil NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1179/174328406X84003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 034OR UT WOS:000236939800006 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Savarino, SJ Venkatesan, MM AF Chen, Q Savarino, SJ Venkatesan, MM TI Subtractive hybridization and optical mapping of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli H10407 chromosome: isolation of unique sequences and demonstration of significant similarity to the chromosome of E coli K-12 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; EPITHELIAL-CELL INVASION; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS; PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS; MILK IMMUNOGLOBULIN; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; RESTRICTION MAPS AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a primary cause of diarrhoea in infants in developing countries and in travellers to endemic regions. While several virulence genes have been identified on ETEC plasmids, little is known about the ETEC chromosome, although it is expected to share significant homology in backbone sequences with E coli K-12. In the absence of genomic sequence information, the subtractive hybridization method and the more recently described optical mapping technique were carried out to determine the degree of genomic variation between virulent ETEC strain H10407 and the non-pathogenic E coli K-12 strain MG1655. In one round of PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridization, 153 fragments representing sequences unique to strain H10407 were identified. BLAST searches indicated that few unique sequences showed homology to known pathogenicity island genes identified in related E coli pathogens. A total of 65 fragments contained sequences that were either linked to hypothetical proteins or showed no homology to any known sequence in the database. The remaining sequences were either phage or prophage related or displayed homology to classifiable genes that function in various aspects of bacterial metabolism. The 153 unique sequences showed variable distribution across different ETEC strains including ETEC strain 137A, which is attenuated in virulence and lacked several H 10407-specific sequences. Restriction-enzyme-based optical maps of strain H 10407 were compared to in silico restriction maps of strain MG1655 and related E coli pathogens. The 5.1 Mb ETEC chromosome was similar to 500 kb greater in length than the chromosome of E coliK-12, collinear with it and indicated several discrete regions where insertions and/or deletions had occurred relative to the chromosome of strain MG1655. No major inversions, transpositions or gross rearrangements were observed on the ETEC chromosome. Based on comparisons with known genomic sequences and related optical-map-based restriction site similarity, the sequence of the H 10407 chromosome is expected to demonstrate similar to 96 % identity with that of E coli K-12. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Venkatesan, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM malabi.venkatesan@na.amedd.army.mil NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD APR PY 2006 VL 152 BP 1041 EP 1054 DI 10.1099/mic.0.28648-0 PN 4 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 031FC UT WOS:000236688600015 PM 16549668 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Bacho, R Heim, M Ralph, J AF Johnson, WB Bacho, R Heim, M Ralph, J TI Multiple-role dilemmas for military mental health care providers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASSOCIATION; BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS; ETHICAL DILEMMAS; ISSUES; TRENDS AB Military psychologists and psychiatrists frequently face ethical quandaries involving boundary crossings, or extratherapy contact, and multiple relationships. A multiple relationship is defined as necessarily engaging psychotherapy patients in nonclinical roles, such as coworker, superior officer, neighbor, or friend. In contrast to their civilian counterparts,military mental health professionals must often engage patients in many different contexts and roles. In this article, we consider the distinctive features of mental health practice in the military and offer military providers several practice guidelines for avoiding harm to patients in military settings. This article is also designed to enhance sensitivity to multiple-role risks among nonpsychiatric providers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 4 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 033IS UT WOS:000236841100028 PM 16673745 ER PT J AU Guerry, P Ewing, CP Schirm, M Lorenzo, M Kelly, J Pattarini, D Majam, G Thibault, P Logan, S AF Guerry, P Ewing, CP Schirm, M Lorenzo, M Kelly, J Pattarini, D Majam, G Thibault, P Logan, S TI Changes in flagellin glycosylation affect Campylobacter autoagglutination and virulence SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDAMINIC ACID; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; JEJUNI 81-176; IN-VITRO; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ADHERENCE AB Analysis of the complete flagellin glycosylation locus of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 revealed a less complex genomic organization than the corresponding region in the genome strain, C. jejuni NCTC 11168. Twenty-four of the 45 genes found between Cj1293 and Cj1337 in NCTC 11168 are missing in 81-176. Mutation of six new genes, in addition to three previously reported, resulted in a non-motile phenotype, consistent with a role in synthesis of pseudaminic acid (PseAc) or transfer of PseAc to flagellin. Mutation of Cj1316c or pseA had been shown to result in loss of the acetamidino form of pseudaminic acid (PseAm). Mutation of a second gene also resulted in loss of PseAm, as well as a minor modification that appears to be PseAm extended with N-acetyl-glutamic acid. Previously described mutants in C. jejuni 81-176 and Campylobacter coli VC167 that produced flagella lacking PseAm or PseAc failed to autoagglutinate. This suggests that interactions between modifications on adjacent flagella filaments are required for autoagglutination. Mutants (81-176) defective in autoagglutination showed a modest reduction in adherence and invasion of INT407 cells. However, there was a qualitative difference in binding patterns to INT407 cells using GFP-labelled 81-176 and mutants lacking PseAm. A mutant lacking PseAm was attenuated in the ferret diarrhoeal disease model. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Montreal, Inst Res Immunol & Canc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Food & Drug Adm MOD1, Beltsville, MD USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM guerryp@nmrc.navy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI043559, R01 AI43559] NR 54 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05100.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 026GZ UT WOS:000236328700006 PM 16573682 ER PT J AU Kaiser, D AF Kaiser, David TI Neither Marxist nor Whig: The great Atlantic crises, 1774-1962, and the foundations of domestic and international order SO MONIST LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Kaiser, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEGELER INST PI LA SALLE PA PO BOX 600, LA SALLE, IL 61301 USA SN 0026-9662 J9 MONIST JI Monist PD APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 325 EP 355 PG 31 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 136WM UT WOS:000244254800008 ER PT J AU Paykel, JM DeRoo, AJ Lenoir, CB Johnson, DA AF Paykel, Jacquelyn M. DeRoo, Alta J. Lenoir, Christine B. Johnson, Denise A. TI Postpartum depression screening of military beneficiaries at a US military tertiary care center SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY MAY 06-10, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 107 IS 4 SU S BP 102S EP 102S DI 10.1097/00006250-200604001-00243 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095UN UT WOS:000241333900244 ER PT J AU Wroblewski, KJ Pasternak, JF Bower, KS Schallhorn, SC Hubickey, WJ Harrison, CE Torres, MF Barnes, SD AF Wroblewski, KJ Pasternak, JF Bower, KS Schallhorn, SC Hubickey, WJ Harrison, CE Torres, MF Barnes, SD TI Infectious keratitis after photorefractive keratectomy in the United States Army and Navy SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; BACTERIAL KERATITIS; REFRACTIVE SURGERY AB Purpose: To review the incidence, culture results, clinical course, management, and visual outcomes of infectious keratitis after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) at 6 Army and Navy refractive surgery centers. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: Twelve thousand six hundred sixty-eight Navy and Army sailors and service members. Methods: Army and Navy refractive surgery data banks were searched for cases of infectious keratitis. A retrospective chart review and query of the surgeons involved in the care of those patients thus identified provided data regarding preoperative preparation, perioperative medications, treatment, culture results, clinical course, and final visual acuity. Results: Between January 1995 and May 2004, we performed a total of 25 337 PRK procedures at the 6 institutions. Culture proven or clinically suspected infectious keratitis developed in 5 eyes of 5 patients. All patients received topical antibiotics perioperatively. All cases presented 2 to 7 days postoperatively. Cultures from 4 cases grew Staphylococcus, including 2 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). One case of presumed infectious keratitis was culture negative. There were no reported cases of mycobacterial or fungal keratitis. In addition, we identified 26 eyes with corneal infiltrates in the first postoperative week that were felt to be sterile, and which resolved upon removal of the bandage contact lens and increasing antibiotic coverage. Conclusions: Infectious keratitis is a rare but potentially vision-threatening complication after PRK It is often caused by gram-positive organisms, including MRSA. Early diagnosis, appropriate laboratory testing, and aggressive antimicrobial therapy can result in good outcomes. C1 Kimbrough Army Hlth Clin, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Jacksonville Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Wroblewski, KJ (reprint author), Kimbrough Ambulat Care Ctr, Clin Serv & Ophthalmol, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD APR PY 2006 VL 113 IS 4 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.09.038 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 029DO UT WOS:000236538900003 PM 16488012 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M AF Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M TI Generation of hollow beams by using a binary spatial light modulator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; OPTICAL TRAP; ATOM OPTICS AB We demonstrate the generation of hollow laser beams by using a binary spatial light modulator and compare the results with those for a continuous modulator. The binary phase modulator produces beams that have continuous, azimuthally varying phase profiles and can be dynamically changed with kilohertz refresh rates. The intensity and phase profiles are recorded through the focus of an imaging lens and are compared with scalar diffraction theory. We highlight properties of the beams relevant to optical dipole traps. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 864 EP 866 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000864 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 026QV UT WOS:000236358100004 PM 16599193 ER PT J AU Awtry, AR Fleming, JW AF Awtry, AR Fleming, JW TI Simultaneous diode-laser-based in situ measurement of liquid water content and oxygen mole fraction in dense water mist environments SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We performed what we believe are the first simultaneous in situ measurements of liquid water and oxygen concentrations in a dense water mist environment. Direct absorption tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used to make oxygen concentrations and simultaneously quantify the liquid water via optical density measurements. This spectrometer with an absorption path length of only 36.8 cm was successfully tested during full-scale fire suppression tests with scattering losses up to 99.9%. The simultaneous oxygen and liquid water concentration measurements agree with fire suppression model calculations. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, INF 229, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Awtry, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.awtry@nrl.navy.mil RI Ebert, Volker/E-7671-2011 OI Ebert, Volker/0000-0002-1394-3097 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 900 EP 902 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000900 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 026QV UT WOS:000236358100016 PM 16599205 ER PT J AU Hautakangas, S Ranki, V Makkonen, I Puska, MJ Saarinen, K Liszkay, L Seghier, D Gislason, HP Freitas, JA Henry, RL Xu, X Look, DC AF Hautakangas, S Ranki, V Makkonen, I Puska, MJ Saarinen, K Liszkay, L Seghier, D Gislason, HP Freitas, JA Henry, RL Xu, X Look, DC TI Gallium and nitrogen vacancies in GaN: Impurity decoration effects SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 24-29, 2005 CL Awaji Isl, JAPAN DE positron; annihilation; vacancy ID POSITRONS; SYSTEM AB We have performed a systematic study of magnesium and oxygen doping as well as the effect of annealing in metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown Gallium nitride (GaN) by positron annihilation spectroscopy. The formation of vacancy-type defects identified here depends on the presence of impurity atoms as well as their concentrations. O doping generates vacancies in the Ga sublattice with concentrations proportional to the amount of O, whereas Mg atoms introduce vacancies in the N sublattice. In addition at very high Mg doping levels (> 10(19) cm(-3)) vacancy clusters with inhomogeneous depth profile are formed. Annealing dissociates vacancy-impurity pairs in MOCVD GaN:Mg and the defect profile is made homogeneous by vacancy migration. Vacancies in the Ga sublattice of HVPE GaN:O are shown to be complexed with O atoms by comparing the GaN:O data with the one obtained from electron-irradiated GaN, which contains isolated Ga vacancies. This comprehensive study shows that vacancy-type defects decorated by impurities are formed in both sublattices of GaN depending on the doping of the material. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Bundeswehr, Inst Nucl Festkorperphys, Munich, Germany. Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATMI Inc, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hautakangas, S (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, POB 1100, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. EM smh@fyslab.hut.fi RI Puska, Martti/E-7362-2012; Makkonen, Ilja/A-9147-2012 OI Makkonen, Ilja/0000-0003-4134-8428 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 376 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.12.109 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 039TH UT WOS:000237329500106 ER PT J AU Barsic, PH Valls, OT Halterman, K AF Barsic, PH Valls, OT Halterman, K TI First-order phase transitions in ferromagnet/superconductor layered structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; FERROMAGNET; JUNCTIONS AB We study the thermodynamics of clean structures composed of superconductor (S) and ferromagnet (F) layers and consisting of one or more SFS junctions. We use fully self-consistent numerical methods to compute the condensation free energies of the possible order parameter configurations as a function of temperature T. As T varies, we find that there are phase transitions between states characterized by different junction configurations (denoted as "0" or "pi" according to the phase difference of the order parameter in consecutive S layers). We show that these transitions are of first order. We calculate the associated latent heats and find them to be measurable. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res & Engn Sci Dept, Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Barsic, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM barsic@physics.umn.edu; otvalls@umn.edu; klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 14 AR 144514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.144514 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037NU UT WOS:000237154500084 ER PT J AU Efros, AL Rashba, EI AF Efros, AL Rashba, EI TI Theory of electric dipole spin resonance in a parabolic quantum well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMBINATIONAL RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAS; MODULATION; CYCLOTRON; INSB; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MANIPULATION; SPINTRONICS AB A theory of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR), that is caused by various mechanisms of spin-orbit coupling, is developed as applied to free electrons in a parabolic quantum well. Choosing a parabolic shape of the well has allowed us to find explicit expressions for the EDSR intensity and its dependence on the magnetic field direction in terms of the basic parameters of the Hamiltonian. By using these expressions, we have investigated and compared the effect of specific mechanisms of spin orbit (SO) coupling and different polarizations of ac electric field on the intensity of EDSR. It is our basic assumption that the SO coupling energy is small compared with all different competing energies (the confinement energy, and the cyclotron and Zeeman energies) that allowed us to describe all SO coupling mechanisms in the framework of the same general approach. For this purpose, we have developed an operator formalism for calculating matrix elements of the transitions between different quantum levels. To make these calculations efficient enough and to derive explicit and concise expressions for the EDSR intensity, we have established a set of remarkable identities relating the eigenfrequencies and the angles defining the spatial orientation of the quantizing magnetic field B(theta,phi). Applicability of these identities is not restricted by EDSR and we expect them to be useful for the general theory of parabolic quantum wells. The angular dependences of the EDSR intensity, found for various SO coupling mechanisms, show a fine structure consisting of alternating up and down cusps originating from repopulating different quantum levels and their spin sublevels. Angular dependences of the EDSR intensity are indicative of the relative contributions of the competing mechanisms of SO coupling. Our results show that electrical manipulating electron spins in quantum wells is generally highly efficient, especially by an in-plane ac electric field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 16 AR 165325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.165325 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037OG UT WOS:000237155800079 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Wu, YW Xu, XD Gammon, D AF Li, XQ Wu, YW Xu, XD Gammon, D TI Transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy studies involving biexciton coherence in single quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-EXCITON INTERACTIONS; WELLS; DYNAMICS AB Transient differential transmission measurements were performed to study coherent dynamics involving the biexciton resonance confined in a single GaAs quantum dot. When laser pulses with sufficient bandwidth were tuned to cover both the exciton and biexciton transitions, an oscillatory behavior in the probe transmission was observed. These oscillations persist only as long as the pump and probe pulses overlap in time, in contrast to the usual quantum beat phenomena. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, XQ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 15 AR 153304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.153304 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037OA UT WOS:000237155100011 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Bucaro, JA Liu, X AF Photiadis, DM Bucaro, JA Liu, X TI Quantum statistical effects in nano-oscillator arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INCIDENCE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; QUANTIZED THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ACOUSTIC PHONONS; THIN-FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; LIMITS; WAVES; LIGHT AB We consider a large, free-standing array of coupled, planar oscillators each several hundred nanometers on a side fabricated from a single layer of dielectric. In particular, we predict the low-temperature heat capacity and Brillouin-scattered cross section based upon a numerical calculation of the density of states (DOS) for this nanostructured array. The DOS, which is interesting in its own right, is found to have an average value nearly independent of frequency and a number of gaps of varying depths. The predictions suggest that it should be possible to use low-temperature measurements of the Brillouin cross section and/or the specific heat to observe the quantum statistics obeyed by various rigid-body modes of the array, some of which involve the center-of-mass motion of a large number of atoms. As such, these measurements would result in a considerable extension of the domain in which quantum mechanics has been tested. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.photiadis@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 16 AR 165314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.165314 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037OG UT WOS:000237155800068 ER PT J AU Hazak, G Elbaz, Y Gardner, JH Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Zalesak, ST AF Hazak, G Elbaz, Y Gardner, JH Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Zalesak, ST TI Size distribution and energy spectrum in the mixed state induced by Rayleigh-Taylor instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB A study-based on simulations and experiments as well as analytical derivations-of the internal structure of the fragmented ("mixed") state induced by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface between two fluids is presented. The distribution of sizes and the energy spectrum in the fragmented state are derived from the symmetries exhibited by the data and by dimensional analysis. C1 Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Nucl Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazak, G (reprint author), Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 AR 047303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.047303 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 037KX UT WOS:000237146800097 PM 16711960 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI Why spending has got to give SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HOOVER INSTITUTION PI STANFORD PA STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305-601 USA SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD APR-MAY PY 2006 IS 136 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 031SS UT WOS:000236724900001 ER PT J AU Sitzmann, ME Trivedi, NJ Skahan, PB Kenar, JA Nock, LA Stern, AG AF Sitzmann, ME Trivedi, NJ Skahan, PB Kenar, JA Nock, LA Stern, AG TI Investigation of an N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nitramine (BuNENA) process: Identification of process intermediates, by-products and reaction pathways SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE butyl NENA; energetic plasticizer; synthesis, nitramine; nitrate ester AB A process for N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nitramine (BuNENA) was investigated: Step 1. involves N-butyl-ethanolamine addition to 98% HNO3 to form a salt mixture, Step 2 is addition of acetic anhydride/acetyl chloride catalyst to the salt mixture. A number of potential intermediates, by-products, and decomposition products from this process were identified/synthesized for use as analytical standards. BuNENA process reaction pathways/mechanisms were elucidated, including the nature of the amine salt solution formed in Step 1. In addition, potential pathways that could account for by-product formation were elaborated. A study of the consumption of acetyl nitrate in Step 2 was undertaken to prevent its build-up. C1 USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sitzmann, ME (reprint author), USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM michael.sitzmann@navy.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD APR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1002/prep.200600018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 039KL UT WOS:000237304400007 ER PT J AU Svensson, AKE Zitzewitz, JA Matthews, CR Smith, VF AF Svensson, AKE Zitzewitz, JA Matthews, CR Smith, VF TI The relationship between chain connectivity and domain stability in the equilibrium and kinetic folding mechanisms of dihydrofolate reductase from E.coli SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE circular permutation; equilibrium intermediate; protein folding mechanisms; thermal denaturation; urea denaturation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CIRCULAR PERMUTATION; BACKBONE CYCLIZATION; TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PROTEIN FOLD; INTERMEDIATE; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; REPLACEMENTS AB The role of domains in defining the equilibrium and kinetic folding properties of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli was probed by examining the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a set of variants in which the chain connectivity in the discontinuous loop domain (DLD) and the adenosine-binding domain (ABD) was altered by permutation. To test the concept that chain cleavage can selectively destabilize the domain in which the N- and C-termini are resident, permutations were introduced at one position within the ABD, one within the DLD and one at a boundary between the domains. The results demonstrated that a continuous ABD is required for a stable thermal intermediate and a continuous DLD is required for a stable urea intermediate. The permutation at the domain interface had both a thermal and urea intermediate. Strikingly, the observable kinetic folding responses of all three permuted proteins were very similar to the wild-type protein. These results demonstrate a crucial role for stable domains in defining the energy surface for the equilibrium folding reaction of DHFR. If domain connectivity affects the kinetic mechanism, the effects must occur in the sub-millisecond time range. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Matthews, CR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM c.robert.matthews@umassmed.edu; vsmith@usna.edu NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD APR PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1093/protein/gzj017 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 020QI UT WOS:000235924500006 PM 16452118 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Etherton, BJ Majumdar, SJ AF Bishop, CH Etherton, BJ Majumdar, SJ TI Verification region selection and data assimilation for adaptive sampling SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble transform Kalman filter; error variance prediction; targeted observations; THORPEX ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; ENSEMBLE; ERROR; FASTEX; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; SCHEMES AB Adaptive or targeted observations supplement routine observations at a pre-specified targeting time. Adaptive observation locations are selected to supplement routine observations in an attempt to minimize the forecast error variance of a future target forecast within some predefined verification region (VR) at some predefined verification time. Ideally, the VR is placed in a location where unusually large forecast errors are likely. Here, we compare three methods of selecting VRs: a climatological method based on seasonal averages of forecast errors; an unconditioned method based on verification time ensemble spread; and a conditioned method based on an ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) estimate of forecast error variance given the routine observations to be taken at the targeting time. To test the effectiveness of the three approaches, observation-system simulation experiments on a chaotic barotropic flow were performed using an imperfect model. To test the sensitivity of our results to the type of forecast error covariance model used in the data assimilation (DA) scheme, two types of DA schemes were tested: an isotropic and a hybrid scheme. For isotropic DA, correlations between vorticity forecast errors at any two points were solely a function of the distance between the points; for hybrid DA, the forecast error covariance matrix was a linear combination of the covariance matrix used in isotropic DA and the sample covariance matrix of an ETKF ensemble. For each of the three VRs, the ETKF was used to select two adaptive observations. To assess targeted-observation-induced error reductions, forecast errors with and without targeted observations were computed for the VR, the total domain and also for an empirical VR which was defined to be the VR with the largest forecast error without targeted observations. The sensitivity, to the type of DA scheme employed, of the ETKFs ability to distinguish high-impact targeted observations from low-impact observations, was also examined. Amongst other things, it was found that: conditioned VRs were more prone to large errors than the other VRs; and the targeted-observation-induced reduction in forecast error variance was largest when hybrid DA and conditioned VRs were used, as was the range of forecast impacts distinguished by ETKF predictions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 702,Room 212, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bishop@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015 OI Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 616 BP 915 EP 933 DI 10.1256/qj.05.48 PN A PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 053BM UT WOS:000238278600012 ER PT J AU Skopec, M Loew, M Price, JL Moscovitch, M AF Skopec, M Loew, M Price, JL Moscovitch, M TI Thermoluminescent response and the effect of exposure order from mixed photon and proton irradiations SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID GLOW CURVE DECONVOLUTION; RADIATION-FIELDS; DOSIMETRY AB Two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs): Harshaw LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and CaF2:Tm (TLD-300) were investigated for their glow curve responses to separate, mixed field, and simultaneous X-ray and proton irradiations. All TLDs X-rays produced by a 30 keV, 0.2 mA electron beam. X-ray tube source. TLD-100 detectors were exposed to were exposed to 2.5 MeV protons and the TLD-300 detectors were exposed to 4MeV protons. The following five separate irradiation schemes were used: only X-ray, only proton, first X-ray then proton, first proton then X-ray, and simultaneous X-ray and proton beam exposures. Computerized glow curve deconvolution based on first order TL kinetics was used to analyze the resulting glow curves for any differences in shape and TL efficiency due to order of exposure. We found no significant differences in glow Curve shape or magnitude attributable to radiation exposure order. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Skopec, M (reprint author), NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM marskopec@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD APR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 405 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.09.016 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 026AV UT WOS:000236310000004 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Seaver, M Trickey, ST Salvino, LW Pecora, DL AF Nichols, JM Seaver, M Trickey, ST Salvino, LW Pecora, DL TI Detecting impact damage in experimental composite structures: an information-theoretic approach SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; SURROGATE DATA; NONLINEARITY; REDUNDANCIES; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB This work describes a procedure for detecting the presence of damage-induced nonlinearities in composite structures using only the structure's vibrational response. Damage is assumed to change the coupling between different locations on the structure from linear to nonlinear. Utilizing concepts from the field of information theory, we are able to deduce the form of the underlying structural model (linear/nonlinear), and hence detect the presence of the damage. Because information theoretics are model independent they may be used to capture both linear and nonlinear dynamical relationships. We describe two such metrics, the time delayed mutual information and time delayed transfer entropy, and show how they may be computed from time series data. We make use of surrogate data techniques in order to place the question of damage in a hypothesis testing framework. Specifically, we construct surrogate data sets from the original that preserve only the linear relationships among the data. We then compute the mutual information and the transfer entropy on both the original and surrogate data and quantify the discrepancy in the results as a measure of nonlinearity in the structure. Thus, we do not require the explicit measurement of a baseline data set. The approach is demonstrated to be effective in diagnosing the presence of impact damage in a thick composite sandwich plate. We also show how the approach can be used to detect impact damage in a composite UAV wing subject to ambient gust loading. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 424 EP 434 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/15/2/023 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 035PG UT WOS:000237013200023 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Bewsher, D AF Brooks, DH Bewsher, D TI On deriving plasma velocity information from CDS/NIS observations: Application to the dynamics of blinkers SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; TRANSITION REGION BLINKERS; DOMELESS SOLAR TELESCOPE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET-SUN; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; BRIGHTENINGS; CDS AB Using standard instrument software and two independently developed data reduction and analysis procedures, we re-examine the accuracy of plasma velocity information derived from data obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)-Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS). We discuss only the Ov 629 angstrom line data obtained by the Normal Incidence Spectrometer (NIS) and analyse a quiet Sun (QS) and active region (AR) dataset. Using the QS data, we demonstrate that the well-known North-South tilt in wavelength along the NIS slit varies significantly with time, which is not accounted for in the standard CDS correction procedures. In addition, when residual N - S trends exist in the data after processing, they may not be detected, nor removed, using the standard analysis software. This underscores the need for careful analysis of velocity results for individual datasets when using standard correction procedures. Furthermore, even when the results obtained by the two independent methods are well correlated (coefficients greater than 0.9), discrepancies in the values of the derived Doppler velocities can remain (95% within +/- 5 km s(-1)). Therefore, we apply the results to examine the velocities obtained for EUV blinkers by previous authors. It is found that a strong correlation exists in the patterns of variation of the blinker velocities (> 0.98), even though there may be differences in their magnitudes. That is, in a clear majority of cases, the methods agree that a blinker is red-shifted or blue-shifted, although the uncertainty in the absolute velocity may be large. C1 Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Res & Sci Support Dept, European Space Agcy, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Brooks, DH (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Bewsher, Danielle/0000-0002-6351-5170 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2006 VL 234 IS 2 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0096-3 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039SD UT WOS:000237326300004 ER PT J AU Huff, MA Aidala, DA Butler, JE AF Huff, MA Aidala, DA Butler, JE TI MEMS applications using diamond thin films SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AB Diamond thin film offers advantages over silicon and other thin-film materials used in micro- and nanofabrication. The technology for depositing high-quality diamond thin films over large-area substrates has only recently become available and is being used for a number of applications, including MEMS devices. C1 MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, Reston, VA 20191 USA. sp3 Diamond Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huff, MA (reprint author), MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, 1895 Preston White Dr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM mhuff@mems-exchange.org; daidala@sp3inc.com; butler@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NORTHBROOK PA P O BOX 3284, NORTHBROOK, IL 60065-3284 USA SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 45 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 036RE UT WOS:000237091900011 ER PT J AU Abels, R AF Abels, R TI Swein Forkbeard's invasions and the Danish conquest of England, 991-1017. SO SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIEVAL ACAD OF AMER PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1430 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0038-7134 J9 SPECULUM JI Speculum-J. Mediev. Stud. PD APR PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2 BP 533 EP 536 PG 4 WC Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 036DL UT WOS:000237051100050 ER PT J AU Huggenberger, S Ridgway, SH Oelschlager, HHA Kirschenbauer, I Vogl, TJ Klima, M AF Huggenberger, Stefan Ridgway, Sam H. Oelschlager, Helmut H. A. Kirschenbauer, Irmgard Vogl, Thomas J. Klima, Milan TI Histological analysis of the nasal roof cartilage in a neonate sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus - Mammalia, Odontoceti) SO ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; Odontoceti; sperm whale; Physeter macrocephalus; nasal roof cartilage; nasal skeleton ID SOUND-TRANSMISSION; MORPHOLOGY; COMPLEX; CLICKS; NOSE AB The nasal roof cartilage of a neonate sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) was examined by gross dissection and routine histology. This cartilage is part of the embryonic Tectum nasi and is a critical feature in the formation of the massive sperm whale forehead. In neonates as well as in adults, the blade-like nasal roof cartilage extends diagonally through the huge nasal complex from the bony nares to the blowhole on the left side of the rostral apex of the head. It accompanies the left nasal passage along its entire length, which may reach several meters in adult males. The tissue of the nasal roof cartilage in the neonate whale shows an intermediate state of development. For example, in embryos and fetuses, the nasal roof cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage, but in adult sperm whales, it also includes elastic fibers. In our neonate sperm whale, the nasal roof cartilage already consisted of adult-like elastic cartilage. In addition, the active or growing, layer of the perichondrium was relatively thick compared to that of fetuses, and a large number of straight, elastic fibers that were arranged perpendicularly to the long axis of the nasal roof cartilage were present. These neonatal features call be interpreted as characteristics of immature and growing cartilaginous tissue. An important function of the nasal roof cartilage may be the stabilization of the left nasal passage, which is embedded within the soft tissue of the nasal complex. The nasal roof cartilage with its elastic fibers may keep the nasal passage open and prevent its collapse from Bernoulli forces during inhalation. Additionally, the intrinsic tension of the massive nasal musculature may be a source of compression on the nasal roof cartilage and could explain its hyaline character in the adult. In our neonate specimen, in contrast, the cartilaginous rostrum (i.e., mesorostral cartilage) consisted of hyaline cartilage with an ample blood supply. The cartilaginous rostrum does not change its histological characteristics during development, but its function In adults is still not understood. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Anat 3, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Diagnost & Intervent Radiol, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Huggenberger, S (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-26, D-14476 Golm, Germany. EM huggen@rz.uni-potsdam.de NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0044-5231 J9 ZOOL ANZ JI Zool. Anz. PD APR PY 2006 VL 244 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jcz.2006.01.001 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041HA UT WOS:000237444100009 ER PT J AU Flockhart, GMH Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Flockhart, GMH Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK TI Differential phase tracking applied to Bragg gratings in multi-core fibre for high accuracy curvature measurement SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCHEME; SENSOR AB High resolution quasi-static and dynamic curvature measurements are made by differential interferometric phase measurement of fibre Bragg gratings in separate cores of a multi-core fibre. A DC curvature stability of 1 X 10(-3) m(-1) and an AC curvature resolution of 1 X 10(-4) m(-1)/Hz(1/2) are reported. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flockhart, GMH (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM gordon.flockhart@nrl.navy.mil RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 BP 390 EP 391 DI 10.1049/el:20060261 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 042US UT WOS:000237556100009 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Hu, CM AF Lee, ZP Hu, CM TI Global distribution of Case-1 waters: An analysis from SeaWiFS measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Case-1; Case-2; ocean color; remote sensing; bio-optical model ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OCEAN COLOR; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; LIGHT ATTENUATION; COASTAL WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB "Case-1" has been a term frequently used to characterize water type since the seventies. However, the distribution of Case-1 waters in global scale has been vague, though open ocean waters are often referred to as Case-1 in the literature. In this study, based on recent bio-optical models for Case-1 waters, an inclusive and quantitative Case-1 criterion for remote sensing applications is developed. The criterion allows Case-1 waters to have about two-fold variations of non-pigment absorption and particle backscattering around their exact Case-1 values, allowing a large range of waters to be classified as Case-1. Even so, application of this criterion to ocean color data from the SeaWiFS satellite sensor suggests that Case-1 waters occupy only about 60% of the global ocean surface. Regionally, more Case-1 waters are found in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere, and most Indian Ocean waters are found to be Case-1. The Case-1 percentage and spatial distribution change with season, and with the boundaries chosen in the criterion. Nevertheless, this study for the first time provides a quantitative and geographical perspective of Case-1 waters in global scale, and further demonstrates that many open ocean waters are not necessarily Case-1. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 49 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 028LQ UT WOS:000236489400010 ER PT J AU Riffenburgh, RH Cummins, KM AF Riffenburgh, RH Cummins, KM TI A simple and general change-point identifier SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE change-point; time-series; Moving F; quality control; process control; MCMC ID SEQUENCE AB In a not-necessarily-stationary time-series, a Moving F statistic can identify points of change in the nature of the series model (the estimate of the underlying data-generating process), in its parameters, in residual variability, or in any combination of these. In addition, it can uncover changes masked by a reduction in residual variability. Patterns in the forces giving rise to the data may often be perceived. To form the Moving F, a theory of the process or a regression method on a baseline sample estimates the series model and the residual mean square about it is calculated. This series model is extended past the baseline with residuals assumed to be normally distributed. The Moving F is calculated as the moving average of squared deviations about the series model in ratio to the baseline mean square. The Moving F crossing the critical F identifies a change in the series model, i.e. signals its presence and location. In our experience, this Moving F method is easier to use than other commonly employed change-point identifiers (CUSUM, EWMA, data-based bandwidth selection, MCMC) and has been found to work in several situations where some other identifiers fail. (MCMC is more general, but requires advanced statistical ability.) Examples given are monitored prostate specific antigen in a post-treatment prostate cancer patient and detection of Harold Shipman's medical murders. Moving F is 'simple and general' in the sense of both simultaneously; we have not found another relatively simple method to be as general. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Riffenburgh, RH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM riff@sdsu.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1077 DI 10.1002/sim.2237 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 020MY UT WOS:000235914800011 PM 16345027 ER PT J AU Simon, WK Akdogan, EK Safari, A Bellotti, J AF Simon, WK Akdogan, EK Safari, A Bellotti, J TI Effect of misfit strains on fourth and sixth order permittivity in (Ba-0.60,Sr-0.40)TiO3 films on orthorhombic substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BA0.5SR0.5TIO3 THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; INTERDIGITAL CAPACITORS; TUNABILITY; STRESSES AB The in-plane dielectric response of [110] oriented Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 epitaxial films grown on [100] NdGaO3 is used to determine the field induced polarization at 10 GHz. The nonlinear polarization curve is used to determine the linear and nonlinear permittivity terms for the in-plane principal directions, [001] and [(1) over bar 10]. Studied films are in the thickness range of 75-1200 nm, and clearly show the influences that drive tunability down with increasing residual strain. The variation of the tunability, along the [001] direction, proves to be less sensitive to residual strain then the [(1) over bar 10] direction, although [(1) over bar 10] is capable of greater tunability at low residual strains. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safari, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM safari@rci.rutgers.edu NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 13 AR 132902 DI 10.1063/1.2189667 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 028CW UT WOS:000236465100059 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Erwin, S Laracuente, A Whitman, LJ Russell, JN AF Barlow, Daniel E. Erwin, Steve Laracuente, Arnaldo Whitman, Lloyd J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI Si(114)-(2x1): A nano chem kit for comparative molecular surface functionalization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM John.Russell@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 411-COLL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903411 ER PT J AU Bin-Salamon, S Hearns, N Wu, J Preuss, KE AF Bin-Salamon, Sofi Hearns, Nigel Wu, Jian Preuss, Kathryn E. TI Synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear valence tautomer that exhibits intramolecular coupling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM sofi.bin-salamon@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 677-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125906068 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Green, JM Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Phillips, DM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, Douglas M. Green, John Marshall, III Bellayer, Severine Gilman, Jeffrey W., Sr. Phillips, David M. Mantz, Robert A. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI The preparation of Bombyx Mori silk nanocomposites using room temperature ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dfox@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 109-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904695 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y O'Reilly, SE Kim, JW AF Furukawa, Yoko O'Reilly, S. Erin Kim, Jin-wook TI Sedimentation of clay minerals, bacteria, and organic matter in dynamic redox environment: An experimental study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 37-GEOC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904464 ER PT J AU Fylstra, PA Henderson, WA De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fylstra, Paul A. Henderson, Wesley A. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Acidic ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m062118@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 112-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904698 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Fox, DM Trulove, PC De Long, HC Stenger-Smith, JD AF Gilman, Jeffrey W., Sr. Fox, Douglas M. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Stenger-Smith, John D. TI Flammability properties of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 12-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904598 ER PT J AU Green, JM Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Green, John Marshall, III Fox, Douglas M. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Using well known methods in unprecedented ways: The dissolution/reconstitution of chitin and chitosan using room temperature ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m062376@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 113-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904699 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA AF Harrison, Judith A. TI Elucidation of the atomic-scale mechanisms of friction in model SAMs and DLC films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 428-COLL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903428 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Passerini, S Young, VG De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, Wesley A. Passerini, Stefano Young, Victor G., Jr. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Crystal packing and the hows and whys of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM henderso@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 7-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904593 ER PT J AU Heuer, WB Pearson, WH Zakaroff, MG AF Heuer, William B. Pearson, Wayne H. Zakaroff, Michael G. TI Novel Ru(II) complexes with 4,5-diazafluoren-9-ylidene ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m067500@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 926-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125902249 ER PT J AU Hicks, SF Vanhoy, JR AF Hicks, S. F. Vanhoy, J. R. TI Structural characteristics of Te-120,Te-122,Te-124 observed through gamma-ray spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hicks@udallas.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 70-NUCL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125906698 ER PT J AU Iovine, PM Perttu, EK Arnold, M Fletcher, M Lin, S AF Iovine, Peter M. Perttu, Emily K. Arnold, Matthew Fletcher, Matthew Lin, Shirley TI Synthesis and characterization of arylboroxine assemblies: Versatile organizing elements in nanoscale molecular assemblies and polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ San Diego, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piovine@sandiego.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 210-ORGN PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125907210 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM Qadri, SB Osofsky, M AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. Qadri, Syed B. Osofsky, Michael TI Evolution and metamorphosis of a Mo-based nano-product from a Mo-derived inorganic-organic hybrid polymer as a function of the pyrolysis temperature SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manojkv@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 351-INOR PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125905348 ER PT J AU Lanham, SM AF Lanham, Stacey Marie TI NMR Spectral interpretation of bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 United State Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM m063702@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 446-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125901439 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Wynne, JH Cozzens, RF AF Lloyd, Christopher T. Wynne, James H. Cozzens, Robert F. TI Laser-induced damage of composite materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clloyd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 95-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904681 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Wynne, JH Santangelo, MK Straube, WL AF Lloyd, Christopher T. Wynne, James H. Santangelo, Mary K. Straube, William L. TI Immobilization of biological contaminants in arid environments using dust palliatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clloyd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 164-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904163 ER PT J AU Long, JW Rhodes, CP Lytle, JC Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Rhodes, Christopher P. Lytle, Justin C. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Integrating the multifunction necessary for 3-D batteries into mesoporous nanoarchitectures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 136-FUEL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904403 ER PT J AU Long, JW McEvoy, TM Baker, WS Pettigrew, KE Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. McEvoy, Todd M. Baker, Wendy S. Pettigrew, Katherine E. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Designing multifunctional carbon nanoarchitectures for power source applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc ID AEROGELS C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sci Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 19-FUEL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904271 ER PT J AU Marks, DM Copper, CL Collins, GE AF Marks, Douglas M. Copper, Christine L. Collins, Greg E. TI Capillary electrophoresis for detection of several toxic alkaloids in food samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m064104@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 220-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900327 ER PT J AU McGuire, N AF McGuire, Nancy TI Eight hundred words by noon today, plus photos: Science writing for fun and profit SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM nmcguire@wordchemist.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 15-CINF PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125902717 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, David M. Drummy, Lawrence F. Naik, Rajesh R. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Mantz, Robert A. TI Silk regeneration with ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.phillips@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 178-IEC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904764 ER PT J AU Proudfoot, JE Lin, S AF Proudfoot, Jennifer E. Lin, Shirley TI A new synthetic route to cyclobutenedione SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m065436@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 340-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125901335 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, Debra R. TI Federal service as the ultimate in flexible research careers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 6-CHED PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125901006 ER PT J AU Spiliotis, MM Ferrante, RF Hudson, RL Moore, MH AF Spiliotis, Morgan M. Ferrante, Robert F. Hudson, Reggie L. Moore, Marla H. TI Studies of the formation of carbonyl sulfide in ion-irradiated ices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM morgan_4_2@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 321-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125908437 ER PT J AU Tillman, BG Cronin, WA Urban, JJ AF Tillman, Brendon G. Cronin, William A. Urban, Joseph J. TI Hydrogen bonding in fluorinated peptide mimetics: A computational investigation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 666-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125907670 ER PT J AU Townsend, AJ McClean, RE AF Townsend, Andrew J. McClean, Roy E. TI Gas phase reaction of copper with sulfur dioxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 1073-CHED PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125902394 ER PT J AU Valdez, EA Ferrante, RF Hudson, RL Moore, MH AF Valdez, Edward A. Ferrante, Robert F. Hudson, Reggie L. Moore, Marla H. TI Studies of the formation of ethylene oxide isomers in ion-irradiated ices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m066966@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 322-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125908438 ER PT J AU Vanhoy, JR Hicks, SF AF Vanhoy, J. R. Hicks, S. F. TI Gamma-ray spectroscopy of the Te-126,Te-128,Te-130 nuclei SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. EM vanhoy@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 71-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125906699 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ AF Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Nanomechanics and tribology of coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 460-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125903460 ER PT J AU Whitaker, CM Uber, IC Forohar, F Koppes, W AF Whitaker, Craig M. Uber, Ian C. Forohar, Farhad Koppes, William TI Synthesis and characterization of nitro-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cwhitake@usna.edu; m066948@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 602-ORGN PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125907607 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Straube, WL Rogers, M Hirsch, M Mullins, A Koene, B AF Wynne, James H. Straube, William L. Rogers, Martin Hirsch, Marc Mullins, Ashley Koene, Bryan TI Neutralizing biological pathogens with self-decontaminating surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 323-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125909320 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Straube, WL Snow, AW Jones-Meehan, JM AF Wynne, James H. Straube, William L. Snow, Arthur W. Jones-Meehan, Joanne M. TI Synthesis and evaluation of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium antimicrobials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 129-ORGN PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125907129 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, Rajendra R. Dunlap, Brett I. TI Electronic structure of fullerene-like cages and capped nanotubes containing up to two thousand atoms from analytic density functional theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 58-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904643 ER PT J AU Sugita, T Nakajima, H Yokota, T Kanzawa, H Gernandt, H Herber, A von der Gathen, P Konig-Langlo, G Sato, K Dorokhov, V Yushkov, VA Murayama, Y Yamamori, M Godin-Beekmann, S Goutail, F Roscoe, HK Deshler, T Yela, M Taalas, P Kyro, E Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Allaart, M Litynska, Z Klekociuk, A Andersen, SB Braathen, GO De Backer, H Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Taha, G Thomason, LW Irie, H Ejiri, MK Saitoh, N Tanaka, T Terao, Y Kobayashi, H Sasano, Y AF Sugita, T Nakajima, H Yokota, T Kanzawa, H Gernandt, H Herber, A von der Gathen, P Konig-Langlo, G Sato, K Dorokhov, V Yushkov, VA Murayama, Y Yamamori, M Godin-Beekmann, S Goutail, F Roscoe, HK Deshler, T Yela, M Taalas, P Kyro, E Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Allaart, M Litynska, Z Klekociuk, A Andersen, SB Braathen, GO De Backer, H Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Taha, G Thomason, LW Irie, H Ejiri, MK Saitoh, N Tanaka, T Terao, Y Kobayashi, H Sasano, Y TI Ozone profiles in the high-latitude stratosphere and lower mesosphere measured by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II: Comparison with other satellite sensors and ozonesondes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC WINTER; ILAS; VALIDATION; ASSIMILATION; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; SYSTEM; TRENDS; HOLE AB [1] A solar occultation sensor, the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II, measured 5890 vertical profiles of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere and of other species from January to October 2003. The measurement latitude coverage was 54 - 71 degrees N and 64 - 88 degrees S, which is similar to the coverage of ILAS ( November 1996 to June 1997). One purpose of the ILAS-II measurements was to continue such high-latitude measurements of ozone and its related chemical species in order to help accurately determine their trends. The present paper assesses the quality of ozone data in the version 1.4 retrieval algorithm, through comparisons with results obtained from comprehensive ozonesonde measurements and four satellite-borne solar occultation sensors. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), the ILAS-II ozone data agree with the other data within +/- 10% ( in terms of the absolute difference divided by its mean value) at altitudes between 11 and 40 km, with the median coincident ILAS-II profiles being systematically up to 10% higher below 20 km and up to 10% lower between 21 and 40 km after screening possible suspicious retrievals. Above 41 km, the negative bias between the NH ILAS-II ozone data and the other data increases with increasing altitude and reaches 30% at 61 - 65 km. In the Southern Hemisphere, the ILAS-II ozone data agree with the other data within +/- 10% in the altitude range of 11 - 60 km, with the median coincident profiles being on average up to 10% higher below 20 km and up to 10% lower above 20 km. Considering the accuracy of the other data used for this comparative study, the version 1.4 ozone data are suitably used for quantitative analyses in the high-latitude stratosphere in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere and in the lower mesosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Danish Metrol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Royal Meteorol Soc, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008126, Japan. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. Inst Meteorol & Water Management, PL-05119 Legionowo, Poland. Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. RP Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. EM tsugita@nies.go.jp RI Sasano, Yasuhiro/C-2927-2009; Terao, Yukio/A-2099-2008; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013; Satoh, Kaoru/P-2047-2015; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012; Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; Klekociuk, Andrew/A-4498-2015; OI Sasano, Yasuhiro/0000-0001-7470-5642; Terao, Yukio/0000-0003-2345-7073; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141; Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Klekociuk, Andrew/0000-0003-3335-0034; Sato, Kaoru/0000-0002-6225-6066 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 24 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D11 AR D11S02 DI 10.1029/2005JD006439 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026NQ UT WOS:000236346200001 ER PT J AU Anguelova, MD Webster, F AF Anguelova, MD Webster, F TI Whitecap coverage from satellite measurements: A first step toward modeling the variability of oceanic whitecaps SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND-DRIVEN SEA; MICROWAVE EMISSIVITY; SALT AEROSOL; GAS TRANSFER; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE AB We present estimates of whitecap coverage on a global scale from satellite-measured brightness temperature of the ocean surface. This is a first step in a larger framework aiming at more realistic modeling of the high variability of whitecap coverage as a function of wind speed and a suite of additional environmental and meteorological factors. The involvement of oceanic whitecaps in various physical and chemical processes important for climate studies such as production of sea-salt aerosols, enhancement of air-sea gas exchange, and influence on retrievals of ocean surface wind and ocean color motivates this effort. A critical review of the physical variables causing the high variability of whitecap coverage and existing approaches modeling this variability establishes the need for a database of whitecap coverage and concomitant measurements of additional factors. The necessity to build such an extensive database justifies the quest for a method estimating whitecap coverage from satellite data. We describe the physical concept, a possible implementation, error analysis, results, and evaluation of a method for estimating whitecap coverage from routine satellite measurements. The advantages of the concept and the drawbacks and necessary improvements of the implementation are discussed. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7223,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magda@nrl.navy.mil RI Zhang, YIng/F-5751-2011 NR 152 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 24 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C3 AR C03017 DI 10.1029/2005JC003158 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 026OJ UT WOS:000236348200003 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Lampe, M Manheimer, W Ganguli, G Joyce, G AF Streltsov, AV Lampe, M Manheimer, W Ganguli, G Joyce, G TI Whistler propagation in inhomogeneous plasma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; IONIZED GASES; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY; DUCTS; RADIO AB We present a numerical study of the propagation of VLF whistler waves in the magnetospheric plasma. In this study the plasma is considered to be homogeneous in the direction along the ambient magnetic field and strongly inhomogeneous across it. The goal of this investigation is to understand whistler propagation in magnetic-field-aligned channels ( also called ducts) with either enhanced or depleted plasma density. In particular, the paper is focused on situations where the transverse scale size of the duct is comparable to or smaller than the perpendicular wavelength of the whistler. In this case, classical analysis of the whistler dynamics based on the geometrical optic approximation becomes invalid, and numerical solutions of the full wave equations should be performed. Our simulations extend the earlier analysis based on the ray-tracing technique and analytical studies of the very low frequency wave equations. We show that high-density ducts are inherently leaky and this leakage depends on the perpendicular wavelength of the wave inside the duct. We also show that whistler trapping occurs not only at density maxima and minima but also at critical points along a density gradient. This effect can explain whistler guiding along strong transverse plasma density gradients at the plasmapause. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6700, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anatoly.streltsov@nrl.navy.mil; martin.lampe@nrl.navy.mil; manheimer@nrl.navy.mil; gurudas.ganguli@nrl.navy.mil; glenn.joyce@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A3 AR A03216 DI 10.1029/2005JA011357 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 026OP UT WOS:000236348900001 ER PT J AU Maidanik, G Becker, KJ Maga, LJ AF Maidanik, G Becker, KJ Maga, LJ TI Replacement of a summation by an integration in structural acoustics SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID NOISE-CONTROL; OSCILLATORS AB An analytical formulation of a transfer function pertaining to a simple structural model is used both to examine the result of replacing a summation by an integration and to interpret this result. The model consists of a coated plate immersed in fluid media on either side. The first fluid interfaces the coating atop and is semi-infinite in extent. The second fluid interfaces the bottom of the plate and terminates at a baffle that defines a reflection coefficient. An external drive is placed on a plane that lies in the fluid between the plate and the baffle. Focus is centered on the transfer function between a spectral component in the external drive and a spectral component on the interface with the top fluid. The presence of the baffle generates resonances and anti-resonances in this transfer function. These are discernible in those regions of the frequency domain in which the modal overlap parameters are less than unity. In those regions of the frequency domain in which the modal overlap parameters approach and exceed unity the resonances and the anti-resonances merge into values that are the same as those in the absence of the cavity. It transpires that replacing a summation by an integration is tantamount to artificially merging the resonances and the anti-resonances also in those regions in which the modal overlap parameters are less than unity. The merging, again, are into values that are the same as those in the absence of the cavity. It follows then that in those regions of the frequency domain where resonances and anti-resonances are present under summations, these resonances and anti-resonances are suppressed when the summations are replaced by integrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Navy, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Maidanik, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Navy, David Taylor Model Basin,Code 7030,9500 MacArthur, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM maidanikg@nswccd.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1-2 BP 323 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.06.015 PG 26 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 010ZP UT WOS:000235237700019 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Petrov, GM Hinshelwood, DD Myers, MC Ponce, DM Hegeler, F Petrova, T AF Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Petrov, GM Hinshelwood, DD Myers, MC Ponce, DM Hegeler, F Petrova, T TI Experimental evidence for the role of Xe-2(+) in pumping the Ar-Xe infrared laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER CROSS-SECTION; ATOMIC XENON-LASER; ELECTRON-BEAM; ENERGY; OPTIMIZATION; GASES; POWER; GAIN AB In a series of experiments on the Naval Research Laboratory's Electra generator, we have measured the dependence of the laser output in the principal (1.733 mu m) transition of the Ar-Xe laser upon both initial gas temperature and Xe concentration. The data show that the laser output is less sensitive to gas temperature when the laser gas contains more Xe. The destruction rate of the molecular ion ArXe+ increases rapidly with gas temperature, but that of Xe-2(+) does not. Interpreted with a kinetics model, these data indicate that both Xe-2(+) and ArXe+ contribute to the pumping of the ArXe laser. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 12 AR 121120 DI 10.1063/1.2188038 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 025FG UT WOS:000236250100020 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, JH TI An approximate method to estimate ac loss in tape-wound superconducting coils SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTORS AB An approach to estimate the hysteretic loss in a coil wound with superconducting tape is presented. The loss depends on magnetic fields in the superconductor at peak coil current. For a given total current, the fields depend on how the current is distributed across the tape width. The loss is calculated as a function of a single parameter characterizing a range of plausible current distributions. The minimum should represent an upper bound to the actual loss. Results are presented for a specific pancake coil example, both isolated and incorporated as part of an assembly of stacked, identical coils. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.claassen@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 12 AR 122512 DI 10.1063/1.2189047 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 025FG UT WOS:000236250100088 ER PT J AU Lorimer, DR Stairs, IH Freire, PC Cordes, JM Camilo, F Faulkner, AJ Lyne, AG Nice, DJ Ransom, SM Arzoumanian, Z Manchester, RN Champion, DJ van Leeuwen, J Mclaughlin, MA Ramachandran, R Hessels, JW Vlemmings, W Deshpande, AA Bhat, ND Chatterjee, S Han, JL Gaensler, BM Kasian, L Deneva, JS Reid, B Lazio, TJ Kaspi, VM Crawford, F Lommen, AN Backer, DC Kramer, M Stappers, BW Hobbs, GB Possenti, A D'Amico, N Burgay, M AF Lorimer, DR Stairs, IH Freire, PC Cordes, JM Camilo, F Faulkner, AJ Lyne, AG Nice, DJ Ransom, SM Arzoumanian, Z Manchester, RN Champion, DJ van Leeuwen, J Mclaughlin, MA Ramachandran, R Hessels, JW Vlemmings, W Deshpande, AA Bhat, ND Chatterjee, S Han, JL Gaensler, BM Kasian, L Deneva, JS Reid, B Lazio, TJ Kaspi, VM Crawford, F Lommen, AN Backer, DC Kramer, M Stappers, BW Hobbs, GB Possenti, A D'Amico, N Burgay, M TI Arecibo pulsar survey using ALFA. II. The young, highly relativistic binary pulsar J1906+0746 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR J1906+0746) ID GEODETIC SPIN PRECESSION; DOUBLE NEUTRON-STARS; RADIO PULSARS; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; POSSIBLE COMPANIONS; COALESCENCE RATES; PSR J1141-6545; SYSTEM; DISCOVERY; B1913+16 AB We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0746, a young 144 ms pulsar in a highly relativistic 3.98 hr orbit with an eccentricity of 0.085 and expected gravitational wave coalescence time of similar to 300 Myr. The new pulsar was found during precursor survey observations with the Arecibo 1.4 GHz feed array system and retrospectively detected in the Parkes Multibeam plane pulsar survey data. From radio follow-up observations with Arecibo, Jodrell Bank, Green Bank, and Parkes, we have measured the spin-down and binary parameters of the pulsar and its basic spectral and polarization properties. We also present evidence for pulse profile evolution, which is likely due to geodetic precession, a relativistic effect caused by the misalignment of the pulsar spin and total angular momentum vectors. Our measurements show that PSR J1906+0746 is a young object with a characteristic age of 112 kyr. From the measured rate of orbital periastron advance (7 degrees 57 +/- 0 degrees.03 yr(-1)), we infer a total system mass of 2.61 +/- 0: 02 M-circle dot. While these parameters suggest that the PSR J1906+0746 binary system might be a younger version of the double pulsar system, intensive searches for radio pulses from the companion have so far been unsuccessful. It is therefore not known whether the companion is another neutron star or a massive white dwarf. Regardless of the nature of the companion, a simple calculation suggests that the Galactic birthrate of binaries similar to PSR J1906+ 0746 is similar to 60 Myr(-1). This implies that PSR J1906+0746 will make a significant contribution to the computed cosmic inspiral rate of compact binary systems. C1 Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Arecibo Observ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Rosemont, PA 19010 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, EUD, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Haverford Coll, Dept Phys, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Stichtung ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. RP Lorimer, DR (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; D'Amico, Nichi/A-5715-2009; Deshpande, Avinash/D-4868-2012; Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, Raman Res Institute/D-4046-2012; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013 OI Burgay, Marta/0000-0002-8265-4344; Nice, David/0000-0002-6709-2566; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; /0000-0002-2700-9916; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558; NR 50 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 640 IS 1 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1086/499918 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023RE UT WOS:000236143100043 ER PT J AU Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL Johnson, KJ Birgl, KB Coffin, RB AF Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL Johnson, KJ Birgl, KB Coffin, RB TI Compound-specific isotope analysis coupled with multivariate statistics to source-apportion hydrocarbon mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STABLE CARBON; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; OIL-SPILL; GC-MS; PRODUCTS; BIODEGRADATION; FRACTIONATION; METHODOLOGY AB Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) has been shown to be a useful tool for assessing biodegradation, volatilization, and hydrocarbon degradation. One major advantage of this technique is that it does not rely on determining absolute or relative abundances of individual components of a hydrocarbon mixture which may change considerably during weathering processes. However, attempts to use isotopic values for linking sources to spilled or otherwise unknown hydrocarbons have been hampered by the lack of a robust and rigorous statistical method for testing the hypothesis that two samples are or are not the same. Univariate tests are prone to Type I and Type I I error, and current means of correcting error make hypothesis testing of CSIA source-apportionment data problematic. Multivariate statistical tests are more appropriate for use in CSIA data. However, many multivariate statistical tests require high numbers of replicate measurements. Due to the high precision of IRMS instruments and the high cost of CSIA analysis, it is impractical, and often unnecessary, to perform many replicate analyses. In this paper, a method is presented whereby triplicate CSIA information can be projected in a simplified data-space, enabling multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and highly precise testing of hypotheses between unknowns and putative sources. The method relies on performing pairwise principal components analysis (PCA), then performing a MANOVA upon the principal component variables (for instance, three, using triplicate analyses) which capture most of the variability in the original data set. A probability value is obtained allowing the investigator to state whether there is a statistical difference between two individual samples. A protocol is also presented whereby results of the coupled pairwise PCA-MANOVA analysis are used to down-select putative sources for other analysis of variance methods (i.e., PICA on a subset of the original data) and hierarchical clustering to look for relationships among samples which are not significantly different. A Monte Carlo simulation of a 10 variable data set; tanks used to store, distribute, and offload fuels from Navy vessels; and a series of spilled oil samples and local tug boats from Norfolk, VA (U.S.A.) were subjected to CSIA and the statistical analyses described in this manuscript, and the results are presented. The analysis techniques described herein combined with traditional forensic analyses provide a collection of tools suitable for source-apportionment of hydrocarbons and any organic compound amenable to GC-combustion-IRMS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.boyd@nrl.navy.mil OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1916 EP 1924 DI 10.1021/es050975p PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900030 PM 16570616 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Tupper, A Rosenfeld, D Servranckx, R McRae, R AF Fromm, M Tupper, A Rosenfeld, D Servranckx, R McRae, R TI Violent pyro-convective storm devastates Australia's capital and pollutes the stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; CLOUDS; RAIN AB Headline-making firestorms in southeast Australia in 2003, responsible for at least 500 destroyed buildings and four lost lives, culminated with pyro-cumulonimbus (pyroCb) "eruptions'' that ravaged Canberra on 18 January. Here we reveal that in their 3-hour lifetime, the Canberra pyroCbs also produced a stratospheric smoke injection that perturbed the hemispheric background analogous to the theorized "nuclear winter.'' We use an unprecedented array of data to analyze the Canberra pyroCbs' distinctive stratospheric impact, microphysics, energetics, and surface manifestations-including suppressed precipitation, an F2 tornado, and black hail. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Bur Meteorol, No Terr Reg Off, Casuarine, NT 0811, Australia. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Environm Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. ACT Emergency Serv Author, Curtin, ACT 2605, Australia. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656 NR 17 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 AR L05815 DI 10.1029/2005GL025161 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026HS UT WOS:000236330600005 ER PT J AU Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Payne, DM Krishna, S AF Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Payne, DM Krishna, S TI Analysis of a combined tip-tilt and deformable mirror SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEM AB A deformable mirror mounted on a two-axis tilt platform can provide wavefront compensation at a single location in an adaptive optics system, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of optical components in the system and in a simplification of the alignment. However, the moment of inertia of a deformable mirror is significantly different from that of the monolithic mirror commonly mounted on a tilt platform. We report on what are to our knowledge the first experimental results of mounting a microelectromechanical deformable mirror onto a fast steering platform and the first observation that at low operating frequencies high-order deformation of the deformable mirror membrane was not recorded. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Narrascape Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sergio.restaino@kirtland.af.mil RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 679 EP 681 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000679 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 019KG UT WOS:000235833400001 PM 16544588 ER PT J AU Kimura, WD Andreev, NE Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cline, DB Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Hooker, SM Kusche, KP Kuznetsov, SV Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Pogosova, AA Steinhauer, LC Ting, A Yakimenko, V Zigler, A Zhou, F AF Kimura, WD Andreev, NE Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cline, DB Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Hooker, SM Kusche, KP Kuznetsov, SV Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Pogosova, AA Steinhauer, LC Ting, A Yakimenko, V Zigler, A Zhou, F TI Inverse free electron lasers and laser wakefield acceleration driven by CO2 lasers SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE laser acceleration; laser wakefield acceleration; inverse free electron laser; CO2 laser; microbunch ID PULSE PROPAGATION; PLASMA CHANNELS AB The staged electron laser acceleration (STELLA) experiment demonstrated staging between two laser-driven devices, high trapping efficiency of microbunches within the accelerating field and narrow energy spread during laser acceleration. These are important for practical laser-driven accelerators. STELLA used inverse free electron lasers, which were chosen primarily for convenience. Nevertheless, the STELLA approach can be applied to other laser acceleration methods, in particular, laser-driven plasma accelerators. STELLA is now conducting experiments on laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). Two novel LWFA approaches are being investigated. In the first one, called pseudo-resonant LWFA, a laser pulse enters a low-density plasma where nonlinear laser/plasma interactions cause the laser pulse shape to steepen, thereby creating strong wakefields. A witness e-beam pulse probes the wakefields. The second one, called seeded self-modulated LWFA, involves sending a seed e-beam pulse into the plasma to initiate wakefield formation. These wakefields are amplified by a laser pulse following shortly after the seed pulse. A second e-beam pulse (witness) follows the seed pulse to probe the wakefields. These LWFA experiments will also be the first ones driven by a CO2 laser beam. C1 STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Densities, Moscow 125412, Russia. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kimura, WD (reprint author), STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. EM wkimura@stioptronics.com RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015 OI Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 364 IS 1840 BP 611 EP 622 DI 10.1098/rsta.2005.1726 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 021HK UT WOS:000235974100006 PM 16483952 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, A Richter, LJ Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, A Richter, LJ Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Alkanethiols on platinum: Multicomponent self-assembled monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MEAN FREE PATHS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; NORMAL-ALKYL CHAINS; HIGH-RESOLUTION XPS; H STRETCHING MODES; X-RAY; GOLD SURFACES; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; BINDING-ENERGIES AB We have studied the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols on platinum thin films using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and contact angle (CA) measurements. Specifically, SAMs of 1-hexanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol, and 1-octadecanethiol were grown on polycrystalline Pt films, and the effects of Pt surface preparation, deposition conditions, and solvent treatments on the initial quality and stability of the monolayer in air were investigated. The SAMs prepared under ambient conditions on piranha-cleaned and UV/ozone-cleaned substrates were compared to monolayers formed on template-stripped Pt in an inert atmosphere. We found that alkanethiols deposited from 1 mM ethanolic solutions on piranha-cleaned Pt formed densely packed monolayers in which alkyl chains were oriented close to the surface normal. Stored in the laboratory ambient, these monolayers were unchanged over about 1 week but were largely oxidized in about 1 month. No evidence was found of molecules being weakly bound within the monolayer or having undergone C-S bond scission; however, three distinct sulfur states were observed for all samples in the XPS of the S 2p region. The lowest- and highest-binding-energy components are assigned to alkylthiolate and partially oxidized alkylthiolate species, respectively. The remaining S 2p component (approximately one-third of the sulfur layer), intermediate in binding energy between the other two components, is attributed to a chemisorbed species with a S binding configuration distinct from the majority alkylthiolate: for example, S bound to Pt bound to O, S with a different Pt coordination number, or S in an adsorbed disulfide. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 74 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2578 EP 2587 DI 10.1021/la050928a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 021TX UT WOS:000236009900031 PM 16519457 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Chang, CH Berendse, FB Hunter, WR AF Kowalski, MP Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Chang, CH Berendse, FB Hunter, WR TI Near-normal-incidence extreme-ultraviolet efficiency of a flat crystalline anisotropically etched blazed grating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH REGION; MULTILAYER; OPERATION; REPLICAS; RANGE AB We have measured the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) efficiency at an angle of incidence of 10 degrees of a flat crystalline anisotropically etched blazed grating. The measured efficiencies are high for uncoated gratings and agree well with a calculated model derived from a reasonable estimate of the groove profile. The highest groove efficiencies derived from the measurements are 48.8% at 19.07 nm and 64.1% at 16.53 nm for the -2 and -3 orders, respectively, which are comparable to the best values obtained yet from a holographic ion-etched blazed grating. This presents opportunities to instrument designs for high-resolution EUV spectroscopy in astrophysics where high efficiency in high orders is desirable. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Space Nanotechnol Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655-3,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1679 DI 10.1364/AO.45.001676 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 025EW UT WOS:000236249100002 PM 16572681 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Goray, LI Kjornrattanawanich, B Laming, JM Holland, GE Flanagan, KA Heilmann, RK Chang, CH Schattenburg, ML Rasmussen, AP AF Seely, JF Goray, LI Kjornrattanawanich, B Laming, JM Holland, GE Flanagan, KA Heilmann, RK Chang, CH Schattenburg, ML Rasmussen, AP TI Efficiency of a grazing-incidence off-plane grating in the soft-x-ray region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BLAZED GRATINGS; SPECTROGRAPHS; MOUNTINGS; SPECTROMETERS AB Efficiency measurements of a g-razing-incidence diffraction grating in the off-plane mount were performed using polarized synchrotron radiation. The grating had 5000 grooves/mm, an effective blaze angle of 14 degrees, and was gold coated. The efficiencies in the two polarization orientations (TM and TE) were measured in the 1.5-5.0 nm wavelength range and were compared with the efficiencies calculated using the PCGrate-SX code. The TM and TE efficiencies differ, offering the possibility of performing unique science studies of astrophysical, solar, and laboratory sources by exploiting the polarization sensitivity of the off-plane grating. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Int Intellectual Grp Inc, New York, NY 14526 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Beamline X24C, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607; NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1680 EP 1687 DI 10.1364/AO.45.001680 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 025EW UT WOS:000236249100003 PM 16572682 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL Seely, JF Uspenskii, YA AF Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL Seely, JF Uspenskii, YA TI SIC/Tb and Si/Tb multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet solar imaging SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REFLECTIVITY; TRANSITION; MIRRORS; FILMS AB Narrowhand SiC/Tb and Si/Tb multilayers are fabricated with as much as a 23% normal-incidence reflectance near a 60 nm wavelength and spectral bandpass (FWHM) values of 9.4 and 6.5 nm, respectively. The structural properties of the films are investigated using extreme ultraviolet and x-ray reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy. Thermal stability is investigated in films annealed to as high as 300 degrees C. Because of their superior thermal stability, relatively high reflectance, and narrower spectral bandpass, Si/Tb multilayers are identified as optimal candidates for solar physics imaging applications, where the peak response can be tuned to important emission lines such as 0 v near 63.0 nm and Mg x near 61.0 nm. We describe our experimental procedures and results, discuss the implications of our findings, and outline prospects for improved performance. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Univ Space Res Assoc, Beamline X24C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Univ Space Res Assoc, Beamline X24C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.1364/AO.45.001765 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 025EW UT WOS:000236249100013 PM 16572692 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Rogers, WO Belmonte, A Belmonte, M Banania, G Patterson, N Ferrari, M Kaslow, DC Carucci, CJ Richie, TL Doolan, DL AF Sedegah, M Rogers, WO Belmonte, A Belmonte, M Banania, G Patterson, N Ferrari, M Kaslow, DC Carucci, CJ Richie, TL Doolan, DL TI Vaxfectin (TM) enhances immunogenicity and protective efficacy of P-yoelii circumsporozoite DNA vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria; T-lymphocytes; plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines ID VIRUS ANKARA; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; MEDIATED PROTECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-TRANSFER; MALARIA; VACCINATION; HUMANS; INDUCTION; INFECTION AB We evaluated the capacity of the cationic lipid based formulation, Vaxfectin (TM), to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA-based vaccine regimens in the Plasmodium yoelii murine malaria model. We immunized Balb/c mice with varying doses (0.4-50 mu g) of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the P. yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP), either in a homologous DNA/DNA regimen (D-D) or a heterologous prime-boost DNA-poxvirus regimen (D-V). At the lowest pDNA doses, Vaxfectin (TM) substantially enhanced IFA titers, ELISPOT frequencies, and protective efficacy. Clinical trials of pDNA vaccines have often used low pDNA doses based on a per kilogram weight basis. Formulation of pDNA vaccines in Vaxfectin (TM) May improve their potency in human clinical trials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sedegahm@nmrc.navy.mil RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1921 EP 1927 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.041 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 025IR UT WOS:000236259600024 PM 16298024 ER PT J AU Wang, J Christopher, SA Nair, US Reid, JS Prins, EM Szykman, J Hand, JL AF Wang, J Christopher, SA Nair, US Reid, JS Prins, EM Szykman, J Hand, JL TI Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 1. "Top-down" assessment of emission strength and diurnal variation impacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-QUALITY; PM2.5 MASS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB [1] As is typical in the Northern Hemisphere spring, during 20 April to 21 May 2003, significant biomass burning smoke from Central America was transported to the southeastern United States (SEUS). A coupled aerosol, radiation, and meteorology model that is built upon the heritage of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ( RAMS), having newly developed capabilities of Assimilation and Radiation Online Modeling of Aerosols ( AROMA) algorithm, was used to simulate the smoke transport and quantify the smoke radiative impacts on surface energetics, boundary layer, and other atmospheric processes. This paper, the first of a two-part series, describes the model and examines the ability of RAMS-AROMA to simulate the smoke transport. Because biomass-burning fire activities have distinct diurnal variations, the FLAMBE hourly smoke emission inventory that is derived from the geostationary satellite ( GOES) fire products was assimilated into the model. In the "top-down'' analysis, ground-based observations were used to evaluate the model performance, and the comparisons with model-simulated results were used to estimate emission uncertainties. Qualitatively, a 30-day simulation of smoke spatial distribution as well as the timing and location of the smoke fronts are consistent with those identified from the PM2.5 observation network, local air quality reports, and the measurements of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and aerosol vertical profiles from the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurements ( ARM) site in Oklahoma. Quantitatively, the model-simulated daily mean near-surface dry smoke mass correlates well with PM2.5 mass at 34 locations in Texas and with the total carbon mass and nonsoil potassium mass (KNON) at three IMPROVE sites along the smoke pathway ( with linear correlation coefficients R = 0.77, 0.74, and 0.69 at the significance level larger than 0.99, respectively). The top-down sensitivity analysis indicates that the total smoke particle emission during the study period is about 1.3 +/- 0.2 Tg. The results further indicate that the simulation with a daily smoke emission inventory provides a slightly better correlation with measurements in the downwind region on daily scales but gives an unrealistic diurnal variation of AOT in the smoke source region. This study suggests that the assimilation of emission inventories from geostationary satellites is superior to that of polar orbiting satellites and has important implications for the modeling of air quality in areas influenced by fire-related pollutants from distant sources. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,Room G3F,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM junwang@fas.harvard.edu RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 89 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S17 DI 10.1029/2005JD006416 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025MM UT WOS:000236270400005 ER PT J AU Ligler, FS Erickson, JS AF Ligler, FS Erickson, JS TI Bioengineering - Diagnosis on disc SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPACT-DISK; PLATFORM C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; jerickson@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 9 PY 2006 VL 440 IS 7081 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1038/440159a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 019MC UT WOS:000235839500027 PM 16525456 ER PT J AU Martensson, EM Nilsson, ED Buzorius, G Johansson, C AF Martensson, EM Nilsson, ED Buzorius, G Johansson, C TI Eddy covariance measurements and parameterisation of traffic related particle emissions in an urban environment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; ROAD TUNNEL; DEPOSITION; STOCKHOLM; SIMULATION; STREET; SWEDEN; FLUXES; GASES AB Urban aerosol sources are important due to the health effects of particles and their potential impact on climate. Our aim has been to quantify and parameterise the urban aerosol source number flux F (particles m(-2) s(-1)), in order to help improve how this source is represented in air quality and climate models. We applied an aerosol eddy covariance flux system 118.0 m above the city of Stockholm. This allowed us to measure the aerosol number flux for particles with diameters >11 nm. Upward source fluxes dominated completely over deposition fluxes in the collected dataset. Therefore, the measured fluxes were regarded as a good approximation of the aerosol surface sources. Upward fluxes were parameterised using a traffic activity (TA) database, which is based on traffic intensity measurements. The footprint (area on the surface from which sources and sinks affect flux measurements, located at one point in space) of the eddy system covered road and building construction areas, forests and residential areas, as well as roads with high traffic density and smaller streets. We found pronounced diurnal cycles in the particle flux data, which were well correlated with the diurnal cycles in traffic activities, strongly supporting the conclusion that the major part of the aerosol fluxes was due to traffic emissions. The emission factor for the fleet mix in the measurement area EF (fm)=1.4+/-0.1x10(14) veh(-1) km(-1) was deduced. This agrees fairly well with other studies, although this study has an advantage of representing the actual effective emission from a mixed vehicle fleet. Emission from other sources, not traffic related, account for a F-0=15+/-18x10(6) m(-2) s(-1). The urban aerosol source flux can then be written as F=EF(fm)TA+F-0. In a second attempt to find a parameterisation, the friction velocity U-* normalised with the average friction velocity (U-*) over bar has been included, F=EFfmT A ((U*)//(U*))(0.4) + F-0. This parameterisation results in a somewhat reduced emission factor, 1.3 x 10(14) veh(-1) km(-1). When multiple linear regression have been used, two emission factors are found, one for light duty vehicles EFLDV=0.3+/-0.3x10(14) veh(-1) km(-1) and one for heavy-duty vehicles, EFHDV=19.8+/-4.0x10(14) veh(-1) km(-1), and F-0=19+/-16x10(6) m(-2) s(-1). The results show that during weekdays similar to 70-80% of the emissions came from HDV. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Res, Sect Atmospher Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Dept Res, San Francisco, CA USA. Environm & Hlth Protect Adm, S-10664 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Martensson, EM (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM monica@misu.su.se RI Johansson, Christer/C-6451-2011 OI Johansson, Christer/0000-0002-8459-9852 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 769 EP 785 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 019SL UT WOS:000235856900001 ER PT J AU Baumann, R Hanes, E Domanski, T AF Baumann, R Hanes, E Domanski, T TI The expression, isolation and analysis of Staphylococcus aureus ClpB SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A963 EP A963 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201176 ER PT J AU Bernhardson, A Schlessman, JL Baumann, R Domanski, TL AF Bernhardson, A Schlessman, JL Baumann, R Domanski, TL TI Isolation of methionine sulfoxide reductase A1 from the psychrophile Colwellia psychrerythraea SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A904 EP A904 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326200409 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, T Selvin, S McCaffrey, MJ Abrams, B AF Bhattacharjee, T Selvin, S McCaffrey, MJ Abrams, B TI Age of menarche, parity and postpartum weight retention in a racially diverse cohort SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Crit Care,Neonatal Intens Care Unit, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1034 EP A1034 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326201498 ER PT J AU Woodman, R Van Aken, J Lockette, W AF Woodman, R Van Aken, J Lockette, W TI Chlothalidone inhibits angiotensin-induced apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP A1177 EP A1177 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 026GA UT WOS:000236326203139 ER PT J AU Strawa, AW Elleman, R Hallar, AG Covert, D Ricci, K Provencal, R Owano, TW Jonsson, HH Schmid, B Luu, AP Bokarius, K Andrews, E AF Strawa, AW Elleman, R Hallar, AG Covert, D Ricci, K Provencal, R Owano, TW Jonsson, HH Schmid, B Luu, AP Bokarius, K Andrews, E TI Comparison of in situ aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient measurements made during the Aerosol Intensive Operating Period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RING-DOWN; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL EXTINCTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SULFATE AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; CLOUD; NEPHELOMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION AB [1] In May 2003, the Department of Energy ( DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program sponsored the Aerosol Intensive Operating Period (AIOP) which was conducted over the ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) in central Oklahoma. One new instrument that flew in the AIOP, called Cadenza, employed a cavity ring-down technique to measure extinction coefficient and a reciprocal nephelometer technique to simultaneously measure scattering coefficient. This instrument is described in this paper, and measurements are compared to those of conventional instrumentation. Agreement between Cadenza extinction coefficient and that derived from combining nephelometer scattering and PSAP absorption (Neph + PSAP) was excellent, about 2%. Agreement between Cadenza scattering coefficient and TSI nephelometer scattering was also excellent, about 2%, well within the uncertainty of the nephelometer and Cadenza scattering measurements. Comparisons between these instruments, made for the special case of plumes, showed that Cadenza measured extinction and scattering several percent higher on average than the Neph + PSAP and nephelometer alone. This difference is likely due to differences in the instrument response time: The response time for Cadenza is 1 s while that for the nephelometer is a minimum of 8 s. Plumes, identified as originating from Siberian biomass burning, are characterized. Composite size distributions from wing-mounted probes showed that two of the plumes had significant large particle modes that resulted in high values of the effective radius. The effect of the large particle mode was not seen in the Angstrom coefficient calculated from the in-cabin scattering measurements because of the characteristics of the aircraft inlet. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. Los Gatos Res Inc, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina Del Rey, CA 93933 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Strawa, AW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM astrawa@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012 OI Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056 NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S03 DI 10.1029/2005JD006056 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025ML UT WOS:000236270300004 ER PT J AU Judge, JA Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Herdic, PC AF Judge, JA Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Herdic, PC TI Effects of disorder in one- and two-dimensional micromechanical resonator arrays for filtering SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SILICON CANTILEVERS; Q-MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; LOCALIZATION PHENOMENA; MISTUNED ASSEMBLIES; ELECTRONIC FILTERS; THERMOELASTIC LOSS; MULTISPAN BEAMS; CYCLIC SYMMETRY; VIBRATIONS; CONFINEMENT AB The effects of disorder on the vibration behavior of arrays of micromechanical resonators are investigated, and the consequences for the characteristics of filters comprised of such arrays are described. Existing understanding of the phenomenon of localization is applied to demonstrate that such devices are particularly sensitive to small variations among resonators which are nominally identical, and that, in the case of high-Q resonators, disorder-induced vibration localization can be a significant impediment to improving filter performance. Numerical simulations are employed to demonstrate the typical effects of different levels of disorder. A novel two-dimensional array of resonators is proposed that is less sensitive to disorder than conventional one-dimensional arrays, improving filter performance without the need for improved manufacturing tolerances. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM judge@cua.edu RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 3-5 BP 1119 EP 1140 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.05.003 PG 22 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 009VW UT WOS:000235142500029 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Frantz, JA Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Waveguide amplifiers in sputtered films of Er3+- doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glass SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBER; LASER AB Waveguide amplifiers fabricated in Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) glass are demonstrated. GLS is deposited onto fused silica substrates by RF magnetron sputtering, and waveguides are patterned by use of the lift-off technique. The waveguides exhibit a total internal gain of 6.7 dB (2.8 dB/cm) for a signal with a wavelength of 1.55 mu m. This experiment is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of gain in an Er3+-doped chalcogenide glass waveguide. The fabrication methods we apply, if used with other rare earth dopants, could potentially be employed to produce sources operating in the mid-IR. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Hwy,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM jesse.frantz@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1803 DI 10.1364/OE.14.001797 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 020LF UT WOS:000235910200011 PM 19503508 ER PT J AU Celerier, S Laberty-Robert, C Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR Ansart, F Stevens, P AF Celerier, S Laberty-Robert, C Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR Ansart, F Stevens, P TI Synthesis of La9.33Si6O26 pore-solid nanoarchiltectures via epoxide-driven sol-gel chemistry SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; METAL-OXIDES; MAJOR PHASE; IRON-OXIDE; AEROGELS; ROUTE; ND; SM AB A sol-gel-based strategy for the production of mesoporous, nanostructured, single-phase La9.33Si6O26 apatite in an aerogel-type framework is reported (see Figure). The crystallization temperature of these nanoarchitectures is low (800 degrees C), thus preventing detrimental particle growth. This morphology allows sintering to dense ceramics at lower temperatures relative to other nanocrystalline forms, which is advantageous for the application of these materials as electrolytes in solid-oxide fuel cells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5085, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France. EIFER, EDF R&D, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Laberty-Robert, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christel.laberty@nrl.navy.mil RI Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; celerier, stephane/0000-0001-6308-2494 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 615 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200501938 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 026YK UT WOS:000236379200015 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Prokes, SM Stout, JD Glembocki, OJ Yang, RS AF Gole, JL Prokes, SM Stout, JD Glembocki, OJ Yang, RS TI Unique properties of selectively formed zirconia nanostructures SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRES; ZRO2; SILICON; SURFACE; ARRAYS; PHASES; TIO2 AB Hollow ZrO2 nanoshells are formed over a precise range of temperature and pressure from the oxidation of ZrCl2. The greatly enhanced photoluminescence (similar to 110x) that the nanoshells exhibit compared to that of either nanospheres or irregularly shaped nanoparticles is attributed to the nanoshell geometry (see Figure). Potential future applications include information-storage devices. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jim.gole@physics.gatech.edu RI Yang, Rusen/D-5536-2009 OI Yang, Rusen/0000-0002-4019-4642 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 664 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500769 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 026YK UT WOS:000236379200026 ER PT J AU Wu, YW Li, XQ Duan, LM Steel, DG Gammon, D AF Wu, YW Li, XQ Duan, LM Steel, DG Gammon, D TI Density matrix tomography through sequential coherent optical rotations of an exciton qubit in a single quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN AB We demonstrate single qubit density matrix tomography in a single semiconductor quantum dot system through consecutive phase sensitive rotations of the qubit via ultrafast coherent optical excitations. The result is important for quantifying gate operations in quantum information processing in the quantum dot systems as well as demonstrating consecutive arbitrary qubit rotations. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, YW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 8 AR 087402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.087402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 018AX UT WOS:000235736200069 PM 16606223 ER PT J AU Villarruel, CA McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F AF Villarruel, CA McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F TI Microstructure fibre array for RF photonic signal processing applications SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECEIVER AB A novel microstructure fibre array (MFA), comprising multiple single-mode fibre waveguides reduced to all overall diameter of approximately 30 mu m is reported. When used in conjunction with a single photodetector, the array facilitates the efficient and stable electrical summation of a number of RF-modulated optical signals with minimal optical interference effects. The reported MFA has optical insertion loss less than 0.1 dB. An RF filter based oil the array exhibits less than 0.4 dB optical insertion loss and excellent temporal stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Villarruel, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1049/el:20064360 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 029DA UT WOS:000236537200011 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Jarchow-Choy, SK Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Purdy, AP Jarchow-Choy, SK Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 1,2-Difluorophenyl 4-vinylphenyl sulfone SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB The title compound, C14H10F2O2S, has a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the S atom. There are intermolecular hydrogen bonds between aryl H atoms and both F and O atoms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 BP O992 EP O994 DI 10.1107/S1600536806004351 PN 3 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 017GC UT WOS:000235681100161 ER PT J AU Crabbe, FL AF Crabbe, FL TI Unifying undergraduate artificial intelligence robotics - Layers of abstraction over two channels SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB From a computer science and artificial intelligence perspective, robotics often appears as a collection of disjoint, sometimes antagonistic subfields. The lack of a coherent and unified presentation of the field negatively affects teaching, especially to undergraduates. this article presents an alternative synthesis of the various subfields of AI robotics and shows how these traditional subfields fit into the whole. Finally, it presents a curriculum based on these ideas. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 025FL UT WOS:000236250600002 ER PT J AU Gutmark, EJ Verfaillie, S Bonnet, JP Grinstein, F AF Gutmark, EJ Verfaillie, S Bonnet, JP Grinstein, F TI Linear Stochastic estimation of a swirling jet SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; INFLOW CONDITIONS; DECOMPOSITION; GENERATION AB Linear stochastic estimation (LSE) was applied to study the coherent structures of a highly swirling jet. The swirling jet was produced by a triple annular swirler (TAS) featuring three concentric swirling flows that merge into a turbulent swirling jet. The LSE used statistical theory to provide an estimate of the instantaneous flowfield by reproducing, in space and time, the large-scale coherent structures of the flow using minimum experimental information. LSE turned out to he very efficient for extracting coherent structures front the turbulent flowfield and for describing their dynamics. Although the LSE is highly dependent on the levels or correlation, it enabled the reconstruction or the complete coherent flowfields from lite knowledge of only few near-held acoustic signals, providing an effective tool for data reduction to formulate turbulent inflow boundary conditions for large-eddy simulation. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Poitiers, F-86034 Poitiers, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gutmark, EJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 457 EP 468 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 021DI UT WOS:000235963300005 ER PT J AU Schechter, RS Chun, ST Kluskens, MS Kragalott, M Zolnick, DA AF Schechter, RS Chun, ST Kluskens, MS Kragalott, M Zolnick, DA TI Introducing a sub-cell tensor technique into a (2,4) FDTD method SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A sub-cell tensor based technique for modeling dielectric interfaces is introduced into a (2,4) FDTD method. For each cell containing an interface, a tensor based method that enforces continuity conditions is used to determine the fields on both sides the sloped interface. These fields are then volumetrically averaged. The approach is used to calculate a corrected field value at each grid point of the large fourth-order stencil. The combined algorithm is computationally homogeneous, unlike most previous algorithms of this type, and thus lends itself to parallel processing. Additionally, the method may be used with other higher-order stencils. The accuracy is tested using the exact Mie series solution for scattering from a dielectric sphere. It is shown that using the (2,4) tensor method results in similar to 50-70% less error than the (2,4) standard Yee method in the vicinity of a dielectric sphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schechter, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5310, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.schechter@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 015MC UT WOS:000235554500006 ER PT J AU Bonegio, RGB Fuhro, R Ragno, G Valeri, CR Lieberthal, W AF Bonegio, RGB Fuhro, R Ragno, G Valeri, CR Lieberthal, W TI A comparison of the acute hemodynamic and delayed effects of 50% exchange transfusion with two different cross-linked hemoglobin based oxygen carrying solutions and Pentastarch SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hemolink; Hemopure; HBOC; Pentastarch; hemodynamic effects; renal function ID NITRIC-OXIDE INHIBITION; CARDIAC-SURGERY; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; TRIAL; HEMOLINK(TM); EFFICACY; ALBUMIN; RATS AB Background: Hemoglobin based oxygen carrying solutions (HBOC) have been designed to combine the beneficial effects of colloidal solutions with oxygen carrying capacity. Clinical trials in humans using HBOCs have had variable results. Methods: We used a rodent 50% exchange model to compare Hemolink TM and Hemopure TM HBOC to autologous blood and Pentastarch solution. We monitored hemodynamic parameters, hemoglobin clearance, weight gain and hematocrit over a five-day period. Results: Acute hemodynamic effects between the two HBOCs were similar with mild vasoconstriction. Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and renal function were similar to that seen with blood. HBOC's were associated with hemoglobinuria with a half-life in the circulation of 13.8 hrs for Hemolink and 19.2 hrs for Hemopure. Animals resuscitated with HBOCs exhibited delayed weight gain. Conclusion: Hemodynamic effects in rodents exchange-transfused with blood, Hemolink (TM), or Hemopure (TM) were similar. The delayed weight gain observed with the HBOCs must be investigated. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Renal Sect, Boston, MA USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org OI Bonegio, Ramon/0000-0002-1286-141X NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Biotechnol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1080/10731190600580215 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 020YT UT WOS:000235950000002 PM 16537171 ER PT J AU Piatek, S Pryor, C Bristow, P Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Tinney, CG AF Piatek, S Pryor, C Bristow, P Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Tinney, CG TI Proper motions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. IV. Measurement for sculptor SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Sculptor) ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM; LOCAL GROUP; 2ND-PARAMETER PROBLEM; GALACTIC SATELLITES; ELLIPTICAL GALAXY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; MASS; FORNAX; WFPC2 AB This article presents a measurement of the proper motion of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy determined from images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph in the imaging mode. Each of two distinct fields contains a quasi-stellar object that serves as the "reference point.'' The measured proper motion of Sculptor, expressed in the equatorial coordinate system, is (mu(alpha), mu(delta)) (9 +/- 13; 2 +/- 13) mas century(-1). Removing the contributions from the motion of the Sun and the motion of the local standard of rest produces the proper motion in the Galactic rest frame: (mu(Grf)(alpha), mu(Grf)(delta)) = (-23 +/- 13; 45 +/- 13) mas century(-1). The implied space velocity with respect to the Galactic center has a radial component of V-r = 79 +/- 6 km s(-1) and a tangential component of V-t = 198 +/- 50 km s(-1). Integrating the motion of Sculptor in a realistic potential for the Milky Way produces orbital elements. The perigalacticon and apogalacticon are 68 (31, 83) and 122 (97, 313) kpc, respectively, where the values in the parentheses represent the 95% confidence interval derived from Monte Carlo experiments. The eccentricity of the orbit is 0.29 (0.26, 0.60), and the orbital period is 2.2 (1.5, 4.9) Gyr. Sculptor is on a polar orbit around the Milky Way: the angle of inclination is 86 degrees (83 degrees, 90 degrees). C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Piatek, S (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM piatek@physics.rutgers.edu; pryor@physics.rutgers.edu; bristowp@eso.org; eolszewski@as.arizona.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; mateo@astro.lsa.umich.edu; dante@astro.puc.cl; cgt@aaoepp.aao.gov.au OI Pryor, Carlton/0000-0002-7517-8749; Tinney, Christopher/0000-0002-7595-0970 NR 55 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 3 BP 1445 EP 1460 DI 10.1086/499526 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023RK UT WOS:000236143700020 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Roy, S Ray, PS Kassim, NE Neureuther, JL AF Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Roy, S Ray, PS Kassim, NE Neureuther, JL TI A new radio detection of the transient bursting source GCRT J1745-3009 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; radio continuum : general; stars : individual ( GCRT J1745-3009); stars : variables : other ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PULSAR AB GCRT J1745-3009 is a transient bursting radio source located in the direction of the Galactic center, discovered by Hyman et al. in 330 MHz VLA observations from 2002 September 30-October 1. We have searched for bursting activity from GCRT J1745-3009 in nearly all of the available 330 MHz VLA observations of the Galactic center since 1989, as well as in 2003 Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations. We report a new radio detection of the source in 330 MHz GMRT data taken on 2003 September 28. Due to sparse sampling of the observation, only a single burst, already at or passed its peak, was detected. The maximum flux density detected was similar to 0.5 Jy, approximately 3 times weaker than the five bursts detected in 2002. We present tentative evidence suggesting that this burst is an isolated one, but we cannot rule out additional undetected bursts that may have occurred with the same similar to 77 minute periodicity observed in 2002 or with a different periodicity. Assuming the peak emission was detected, the decay time of the burst, similar to 2minutes, is consistent with that determined for the 2002 bursts. Based on the total time for which we have observations, we estimate that the source exhibits bursting activity roughly 9% of the time. C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. EM shyman@sbc.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; roy@astron.nl; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; jneu@ucdavis.edu OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 1 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1086/499294 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LI UT WOS:000235836900030 ER PT J AU Fuentes, MCL Klimchuk, JA Demoulin, P AF Fuentes, MCL Klimchuk, JA Demoulin, P TI The magnetic structure of coronal loops observed by Trace SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : UV radiation ID TRANSITION-REGION; ACTIVE-REGION; ENERGY-RELEASE; SOLAR CORONA; EXPLORER; ELEMENTARY; MODEL; MOSS; FLUX AB Previous studies have found that coronal loops have a nearly uniform thickness, which seems to disagree with the characteristic expansion of active region magnetic fields. This is one of the most intriguing enigmas in solar physics. We here report on the first comprehensive one-to-one comparison of observed loops with corresponding magnetic flux tubes obtained from cotemporal magnetic field extrapolation models. We use EUV images from TRACE, magnetograms from the MDI instrument on SOHO, and linear force-free field extrapolations satisfying: del x B = alpha B, with alpha equal to a constant. For each loop, we find the particular value of alpha that best matches the observed loop axis and then construct flux tubes using different assumed cross sections at one footpoint (circle and ellipses with different orientations). We find that the flux tubes expand with height by typically twice as much as the corresponding loops. We also find that many flux tubes are much wider at one footpoint than the other, whereas the corresponding loops are far more symmetric. It is clear that the actual coronal magnetic field is more complex than the models we have considered. We suggest that the observed symmetry of loops is related to the tangling of elemental magnetic flux strands produced by photospheric convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Fuentes, MCL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 1 BP 459 EP 474 DI 10.1086/499155 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LI UT WOS:000235836900041 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT AF Mariska, JT TI Characteristics of solar flare Doppler-shift oscillations observed with the Bragg crystal spectrometer on Yohkoh SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : oscillations; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID CORONAL LOOP OSCILLATIONS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; TRANSITION-REGION; FINE-STRUCTURE; WAVES; TRACE; HOT; SUMER AB This paper reports the results of a survey of Doppler-shift oscillations measured during solar flares in emission lines of S XV and Ca XIX with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. Data from 20 flares that show oscillatory behavior in the measured Doppler shifts have been fitted to determine the properties of the oscillations. Results from both BCS channels show average oscillation periods of 5.5 +/- 2.7 minutes, decay times of 5.0 +/- 2.5 minutes, amplitudes of 17.1 +/- 17.0 km s(-1), and inferred displacements of 1070 +/- 1710 km, where the listed errors are the standard deviations of the sample means. For some of the flares, intensity fluctuations are also observed. These lag the Doppler-shift oscillations by 1/4 period, strongly suggesting that the oscillations are standing slow-mode waves. The relationship between the oscillation period and the decay time is consistent with conductive damping of the oscillations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 1 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1086/499296 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LI UT WOS:000235836900043 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Pick, M Mason, GM AF Wang, YM Pick, M Mason, GM TI Coronal holes, jets, and the origin of He-3-rich particle events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : particle emission ID X-RAY JETS; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-FLARES; ELECTRON EVENTS; WHITE-LIGHT; EVOLUTION; FLUX; WIND; SUN; INTERPLANETARY AB Using magnetograph measurements, coronal field extrapolations, and imaging observations, we investigate the solar origins of 25 He-3-rich particle events from the period 1997-2003. In essentially every case we find that the source of the impulsive solar energetic particles (SEPs) lies next to a coronal hole containing Earth-directed open field lines. Averaged over all events, the source-hole separation is only similar to 4 degrees at the photosphere. The source itself is typically a small, flaring active region located between longitudes similar to W25 and similar to W72. Around the estimated particle injection time, EUV images often show a jetlike ejection aligned with the open field lines. In some cases, a corresponding white-light jet is seen at heliocentric distances >= 2 R-circle dot, similar to those studied earlier by Wang & Sheeley. The jets show a tendency to recur, a behavior that is reflected in the time variation of the measured He-3 and Fe particle intensities. We interpret the jets as signatures of magnetic reconnection ("footpoint exchange'') between closed and open field lines. On the basis of these findings, we expect He-3 enrichments to be observed whenever Earth-connected open field lines undergo footpoint exchanges with nearby active or ephemeral region fields. Because small bipoles emerge continually inside coronal holes, moderate enhancements in the He-3 level can occur even when no significant flaring activity is recorded. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; monique.pick@obspm.fr; glenn.mason@jhuapl.edu NR 36 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 1 BP 495 EP 509 DI 10.1086/499355 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LI UT WOS:000235836900044 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Gelfand, JD Gaensler, BM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW AF Brogan, CL Gelfand, JD Gaensler, BM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW TI Discovery of 35 new supernova remnants in the inner galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : ISM; supernova remnants; surveys ID GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; EMISSION; CATALOG AB We report the discovery of up to 35 new supernova remnants (SNRs) from a 42'' resolution, 90 cm multiconfiguration Very Large Array survey of the Galactic plane covering 4.degrees 5 < l < 22.degrees 0 and vertical bar b vertical bar < 1.degrees 25. Archival 20 cm, 11 cm, and 8 mm data have also been used to identify the SNRs and constrain their properties. The 90 cm image is sensitive to SNRs with diameters 2.'5 to 50' and down to a surface brightness limit of similar to 10(-21) W m(-2) Hz(-1) sr(-1). This survey has nearly tripled the number of SNRs known in this part of the Galaxy and represents an overall 15% increase in the total number of Galactic SNRs. These results suggest that further deep, low-frequency surveys of the inner Galaxy will resolve the discrepancy between the expected number of Galactic SNRs and the significantly smaller number of currently known SNRs. C1 Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Gelfand, Joseph/F-1110-2015; OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 1 BP L25 EP L29 DI 10.1086/501500 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019LJ UT WOS:000235837000007 ER PT J AU Hilton, JL Capitaine, N Chapront, J Ferrandiz, JM Fienga, A Fukushima, T Getino, J Mathews, P Simon, JL Soffel, M Vondrak, J Wallace, P Williams, J AF Hilton, JL Capitaine, N Chapront, J Ferrandiz, JM Fienga, A Fukushima, T Getino, J Mathews, P Simon, JL Soffel, M Vondrak, J Wallace, P Williams, J TI Report of the International Astronomical Union Division I Working Group on precession and the ecliptic SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE precession and the ecliptic; reference systems ID IAU 1976 SYSTEM; EXPRESSIONS; NUTATION; MODEL; CONSISTENT; QUANTITIES; CONSTANTS; OBLIQUITY AB The IAU Working Group on Precession and the Equinox looked at several solutions for replacing the precession part of the IAU 2000A precession-nutation model, which is not consistent with dynamical theory. These comparisons show that the (Capitaine et al., Astron. Astrophys., 412, 2003a) precession theory, P03, is both consistent with dynamical theory and the solution most compatible with the IAU 2000A nutation model. Thus, the working group recommends the adoption of the P03 precession theory for use with the IAU 2000A nutation. The two greatest sources of uncertainty in the precession theory are the rate of change of the Earth's dynamical flattening, Delta J(2), and the precession rates (i.e. the constants of integration used in deriving the precession). The combined uncertainties limit the accuracy in the precession theory to approximately 2 mas cent(-2). Given that there are difficulties with the traditional angles used to parameterize the precession, z(A), zeta(A), and theta(A), the working group has decided that the choice of parameters should be left to the user. We provide a consistent set of parameters that may be used with either the traditional rotation matrix, or those rotation matrices described in (Capitaine et al., Astron. Astrophys., 412, 2003a) and (Fukushima Astron. J., 126, 2003). We recommend that the ecliptic pole be explicitly defined by the mean orbital angular momentum vector of the Earth-Moon barycenter in the Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS), and explicitly state that this definition is being used to avoid confusion with previous definitions of the ecliptic. Finally, we recommend that the terms precession of the equator and precession of the ecliptic replace the terms lunisolar precession and planetary precession, respectively. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Inst Mecan Celeste, Paris, France. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 181, Japan. Univ Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. Univ Madras, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Prague, Czech Republic. Her Majestys Naut Almanac Off, Didcot, Oxon, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hilton, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM jhilton@aa.usno.navy.mil RI Ferrandiz, Jose/A-3491-2009; Vondrak, Jan/G-9057-2014 OI Ferrandiz, Jose/0000-0003-1682-0663; NR 18 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 94 IS 3 BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10569-006-0001-2 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 052BD UT WOS:000238204600005 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, S Pecora, LM AF Boccaletti, S Pecora, LM TI Introduction: Stability and pattern formation in networks of dynamical systems SO CHAOS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CNR, Ist Sistemi Complessi, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boccaletti, S (reprint author), CNR, Ist Sistemi Complessi, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 AR 015101 DI 10.1063/1.2185009 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 028CS UT WOS:000236464500036 PM 16599767 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB Rogers, EA Roy, R AF Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB Rogers, EA Roy, R TI Synchronization and time shifts of dynamical patterns for mutually delay-coupled fiber ring lasers SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; POLARIZATION DYNAMICS; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; OSCILLATORS AB A pair of coupled erbium doped fiber ring lasers is used to explore the dynamics of coupled spatiotemporal systems. The lasers are mutually coupled with a coupling delay less than the cavity round-trip time. We study synchronization between the two lasers in the experiment and in a delay differential equation model of the system. Because the lasers are internally perturbed by spontaneous emission, we include a noise source in the model to obtain stochastic realizations of the deterministic equations. Both amplitude synchronization and phase synchronization are considered. We use the Hilbert transform to define the phase variable and compute phase synchronization. We find that synchronization increases with coupling strength in the experiment and the model. When the time series from two lasers are time shifted in either direction by the delay time, approximately equal synchronization is frequently observed, so that a clear leader and follower cannot be identified. We define an algorithm to determine which laser leads the other when the synchronization is sufficiently different with one direction of time shift, and statistics of switches in leader and follower are studied. The frequency of switching between leader and follower increases with coupling strength, as might be expected since the lasers mutually influence each other more effectively with stronger coupling. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP USN, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 AR 015111 DI 10.1063/1.2150407 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 028CS UT WOS:000236464500046 PM 16599777 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, PC TI First-passage time for stability analysis of the Kaldor model SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; CYCLES AB Every economic model should include an estimate of its stability and predictability. A new measure, the first passage time (FPT) which is defined as the time period when the model error first exceeds a pre-determined criterion (i.e., the tolerance level), is proposed here to estimate the model predictability. A theoretical framework is developed to determine the mean and variance of FPT. The classical Kaldor model is taken as an example to show the robustness of using FPT as a quantitative measure for identifying the model stability. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/j.chaos.2005.04.115 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 972LU UT WOS:000232456100024 ER PT J AU Gambone, JC AF Gambone, JC TI Are adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes more common with assisted reproductive technologies? What should patients be told? SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CHILDREN BORN; OVARIAN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; RISK; WOMEN; IVF C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Fertil Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gambone, JC (reprint author), 436 Hogan Circle, Durango, CO 81301 USA. EM jgambone@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1097/01.grf.0000197502.06958.50 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 007RM UT WOS:000234987300013 PM 16456348 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Martinez-Alier, N AF Doolan, DL Martinez-Alier, N TI Immune response to pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites SO CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE pre-erythrocytic; T cells; cytokines; immunity; protection; regulation; antigen presentation; antigen persistence ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI SPOROZOITES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HEPATOCYTE ERYTHROCYTE PROTEIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA RESPONSES; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; LIVER DENDRITIC CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR AB Immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp. sporozoites induces sterile protective immunity against parasite challenge. This immunity is targeted primarily against the intrahepatic parasite and appears to be sustained long term even in the absence of sporozoite exposure. It is mediated by multifactorial mechanisms, including T cells directed against parasite antigens expressed in the liver stage of the parasite life cycle and antibodies directed against sporozoite surface proteins. In rodent models, CD8(+) T cells have been implicated as the principal effector cells, and IFN-gamma as a critical effector molecule. IL-4 secreting CD4(+) T cells are required for induction of the CD8(+) T cell responses, and Th1 CD4(+) T cells provide help for optimal CD8(+) T cell effector activity. Components of the innate immune system, including gamma-delta T cells, natural killer cells and natural killer T cells, also play a role. The precise nature of pre-erythrocytic stage immunity in humans, including the contribution of these immune responses to the age-dependent immunity naturally acquired by residents of malaria endemic areas, is still poorly defined. The importance of immune effector targets at the pre-erythrocytic stage of the parasite life cycle is highlighted by the fact that infection-blocking immunity in humans rarely, if ever, occurs under natural conditions. Herein, we review our current understanding of the molecular and cellular aspects of pre-erythrocytic stage immunity. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dooland@nmrc.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 186 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 8 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1566-5240 J9 CURR MOL MED JI Curr. Mol. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.2174/156652406776055249 PG 17 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 023XX UT WOS:000236160600005 PM 16515509 ER PT J AU Kurland, JE Coyle, WJ Winkler, A Zable, E AF Kurland, JE Coyle, WJ Winkler, A Zable, E TI Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and depression in fibromyalgia SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fibromyalgia; irritable bowel syndrome; depression; Rome I criteria; Rome II criteria ID ROME-II CRITERIA; PRIMARY-CARE; DYSFUNCTION; POPULATION; PAIN AB The purpose of this study was to determine the point prevalence of depressive symptoms, using the PRIME-MD questionnaire, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), while comparing the Rome II to the Rome I criteria, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and rheumatologic controls in an outpatient setting. The prevalence of IBS in FM patients (n = 105) was 63% by Rome I and 81 % by Rome II criteria. The prevalence of IBS in controls (n = 62) was 15% by Rome I and 24% by Rome II criteria (FM vs. control; P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were met in 40% of FM patients and 8% of controls (P < 0.001). The coexistence of IBS and depressive symptoms in the FM patients was 3 1 % (Rome I) and 34% (Rome II). The prevalence of IBS and depressive symptoms was higher in FM patients compared to the control population. Identification of IBS and depressive symptoms in FM patients might enable clinicians to better meet the needs of this patient population. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. St Johns Phys & Clin, Springfield, MO USA. Univ Community Hosp, Tampa, FL USA. RP Kurland, JE (reprint author), 1116 Reserve Champ Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jekurland@gmail.com NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s10620-006-3154-7 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 024EU UT WOS:000236179100004 PM 16614951 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG AF Zhou, H Forest, MG TI Anchoring distortions coupled with plane Couette & Poiseuille flows of nematic polymers in viscous solvents: Morphology in molecular orientation, stress & flow SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article DE nematic polymers; nano-composites; hydrodynamics ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SHEAR-FLOW; PHASE-DIAGRAM; MODEL; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB The aim of this work is to model and simulate processing-induced heterogeneity in rigid, rod-like nematic polymers in viscous solvents. We employ a mesoscopic orientation tensor model due to Doi, Marrucci and Greco which extends the small molecule, liquid crystal theory of Leslie-Ericksen-Frank to nematic polymers. The morphology has various physical realizations, all coupled through the model equations: the orientational distribution of the ensemble of rods, anisotropic viscoelastic stresses, and flow feedback. Previous studies in plane Couette & Poiseuille flow (with the exception of [7]) have focused on the coupling between hydrodynamics and the orientational distribution of rigid rod polymers with identical anchoring conditions at solid boundaries; without flow, the equilibrium structure is homogeneous. Here we explore steady structures that emerge with mismatch anchoring conditions at the walls, which couple an equilibrium elastic distortion across the channel, short and long range elasticity potentials, and hydrodynamics. In plane Couette (where moving plates drive the flow) and Poiseuille flow (where a pressure gradient drives the flow), in the regime of weak flow and strong distortional elasticity, asymptotic analysis yields closed-form steady solutions and scaling laws with identical wall conditions. We focus simulations in this regime to expose the effects due to wall anchoring conflicts, and illustrate the induced morphology of the orientational distribution, stored viscoelastic stresses, and non-Newtonian flow. A remarkably simple diagnostic emerges in this physical parameter regime, in which salient morphology features are controlled by the amplitude and sign of the difference in plate anchoring angles of the director field at the two plates. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.navy.mil; forest@amath.unc.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 407 EP 425 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 981YL UT WOS:000233123800011 ER PT J AU Croissant, A Pojar, DJ AF Croissant, A Pojar, DJ TI The parliamentary election in Thailand, February 2005 SO ELECTORAL STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Croissant, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ascroiss@nps.edu; dpoj2@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3794 J9 ELECT STUD JI Elect. Stud. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.electstud.2005.06.004 PG 8 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 022HU UT WOS:000236047100014 ER PT J AU McDonald, S Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF McDonald, S Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Impact of switching production to bioenergy crops: The switchgrass example SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE biomass; energy; computable general equilibrium; US agricultural policy ID MODELS; TRADE AB This paper reports the results from simulations that evaluate the general equilibrium effects of substituting switchgrass, a biomass, for crude oil in USA petroleum production. The new production process is less efficient and USA GDP declines slightly. As switchgrass production expands, USA agriculture contracts and the world price of cereals increases. The world price of crude oil falls as USA import demand declines. The net effect of the price and income changes is a general decline in economic welfare. Moreover, the declines in welfare are proportionately greater for developing countries who produce small quantities of agricultural commodities whose prices increase. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Thierfelder, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM thier@usna.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 243 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2005.11.001 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 027ZT UT WOS:000236455600007 ER PT J AU Johnson, KJ Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Johnson, KJ Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL TI Evaluating the predictive powers of spectroscopy and chromatography for fuel quality assessment SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTILINEAR PLS; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; OCTANE NUMBERS; SPECTROMETRY; RANK; GC AB In this work, a set of 45 fuel samples from around the world was acquired, with complete compositional and specification test results. These samples were analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). The measured NIR, Raman, and GC-MS data were evaluated for their ability to predict various fuel properties via partial least squares modeling (PLS) as part of an effort directed toward developing robust, sensor-based fuel quality assessment methodologies. Currently, fuel quality in the field or onboard a ship is assessed with a series of traditional American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel test procedures. A sensor-based device to perform these tests would not only provide significant savings in cost and manpower but also reduce the hazards associated with handling large volumes of fuel samples. It would also provide faster and, in many cases, more-consistent results. We are currently developing sensing technologies to perform fuel quality assessment and diagnostics. This technology is based upon the prediction of critical fuel properties from an array of optical and other specialized sensors. These predictions will take advantage of predictive models derived from chemometric analysis of the data stream. We report here the findings of our preliminary model development, taking advantage of novel chemometric methodologies developed at Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for detecting minute compositional changes in fuels from chromatographic analyses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1021/ef050347t PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 024BA UT WOS:000236168700040 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CI Speicher, JA Barclift, DJ AF Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CI Speicher, JA Barclift, DJ TI Toxicity benchmarks for antimony, barium, and beryllium determined using reproduction endpoints for Folsomia candida, Eisenia fetida, and Enchytraeus crypticus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment of Metals in Soils CY APR 18-22, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE antimony; barium; beryllium; soil invertebrate toxicity; ecological soil screening levels ID HETEROCYCLIC EXPLOSIVES RDX; SOIL SOLUTION; OLIGOCHAETA; EARTHWORM; COLLEMBOLA; COPPER; SURVIVAL; ANDREI; TESTS; HMX AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) for the ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfund sites. The Eco-SSLs for several soil contaminants have been developed from toxicity benchmarks for soil invertebrates in the existing literature. Insufficient information to generate Eco-SSLs for Sb, Ba, and Be necessitated toxicity testing to fill the data gaps. We used standardized toxicity tests with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus, and collembolan Folsomia candida in the present study. These tests were selected on the basis of their ability to measure chemical toxicity to ecologically relevant test species during chronic assays and their inclusion of at least one reproduction component among the measurement endpoints. Tests were conducted in Sassafras Sandy Loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability of metals. Weathering and aging procedures for metals in amended soil were incorporated into these studies to better reflect exposure conditions in the field. The relative toxicity of metals to the soil invertebrates tested was Be > Sb > Ba based on the median effective concentration values for reproduction. These studies produced toxicological data that can contribute to the development of Eco-SSLs for Sb, Ba, and Be for soil invertebrates. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, Engn Field Act NE, Lester, PA 19113 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM roman.kuperman@us.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 29 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 754 EP 762 DI 10.1897/04-545R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 017NP UT WOS:000235700600016 PM 16566160 ER PT J AU Tilburg, CE Houser, LT Steppe, CN Garvine, RW Epifanio, CE AF Tilburg, CE Houser, LT Steppe, CN Garvine, RW Epifanio, CE TI Effects of coastal transport on larval patches: Models and observations SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larval-transport; wind-driven; buoyancy-driven; crabs; simulation ID FAVORABLE WIND EVENT; DELAWARE BAY; RIVER PLUME; CRAB LARVAE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; INNER SHELF; RECRUITMENT AB We used a combination of field observations and numerical modeling to examine the physical mechanisms responsible for the evolution and transport of patches of blue crab larvae in the mouth of Delaware Bay. The observations consisted of larval collections and surface salinity measurements taken along a moving spatial grid whose origin was determined by a satellite-tracked drifter. Examination of field observations revealed a slender larval patch that was aligned with salinity contours. Measurement of the salting rate of the larval patch indicated that the patch moved through the offshore edge of a buoyant plume due to wind-driven upwelling circulation. A numerical model that provided realistic simulations of the flow field at the mouth of Delaware Bay and the adjoining coastal ocean was used to examine the physical mechanisms responsible for the movement and evolution of the patch. We conducted a series of simulations in which we separately examined the effects of tides, buoyancy-driven flow, and wind-driven transport. Results showed that both tides and buoyancy-driven flow tend to elongate an initially square fluid element. Although winds alone have little effect on the shape of a patch, wind-driven flow can effectively move a patch through a complex flow field in which the deformation by tides and buoyancy-driven circulation can have significant effects. This study represents the first. observation and analysis of a larval patch that remains intact while moving through the edge of a buoyant plume. It provides new insight into the shape of larval patches in Delaware Bay and any region with strong buoyancy- and tidally-driven flow, suggesting that typical larval patches may not be characterized by equal across- and alongshelf dimensions but instead tend to be slender shapes that are aligned with the now field. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tilburg, CE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Room 252,Marine Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tilburg@uga.edu RI Steppe, Cecily/K-3388-2012 OI Steppe, Cecily/0000-0002-5448-3533 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.11.019 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 019RK UT WOS:000235854200012 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL TI Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction and Poisson's spot SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB When the Fresnel-Kirchhoff (FK) diffraction integral is evaluated exactly (instead of using the Fresnel approximation), the well-known mathematical inconsistency in the FK boundary conditions leads to unacceptable results for the intensity of Poisson's spot. The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (RS) integral has no inconsistencies and leads to an accurate description. The case for RS is bolstered by the observation that it is equivalent to Fourier propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/27/2/002 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 027AG UT WOS:000236384400002 ER PT J AU Park, JH Andres, M Martin, PJ Wimbush, M Watts, DR AF Park, JH Andres, M Martin, PJ Wimbush, M Watts, DR TI Second-mode internal tides in the East China Sea deduced from historical hydrocasts and a model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB From historical hydrocasts in the Okinawa Trough region of the East China Sea (ECS), acoustic echo time from 700 dbar to the surface shows a tight relationship with temperature (T) except near the 100-200-dbar layer. This is caused by 2nd- or higher-mode baroclinic variations. Significant out-of-phase correlation between upper and lower layer T from the hydrocasts confirms that 2nd-mode variations are strong. Furthermore, the 2nd-mode variations are dominant during the ebb tide period, which suggests they are caused by 2nd-mode internal tides ( ITs) generated at the continental shelf break. For comparison, we investigate historical hydrocasts southeast of the Ryukyu Islands, where no significant 2nd-mode variations are found. A model simulating the M-2 IT agrees qualitatively with these observations: it predicts relatively strong 2nd-mode IT energy in the ECS, but weak energy in the region southeast of the Ryukyu Islands. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jpark@gso.uri.edu OI Park, Jae-Hun/0000-0003-0442-695X NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 AR L05602 DI 10.1029/2005GL024732 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021OU UT WOS:000235993300001 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Elgar, S Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC Guza, RT AF Thomson, J Elgar, S Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC Guza, RT TI Tidal modulation of infragravity waves via nonlinear energy losses in the surfzone SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; EDGE WAVES; BEACH; OCEAN; OSCILLATIONS; EXCITATION; MOTIONS AB The strong tidal modulation of infragravity (200 to 20 s period) waves observed on the southern California shelf is shown to be the result of nonlinear transfers of energy from these low-frequency long waves to higher-frequency motions. The energy loss occurs in the surfzone, and is stronger as waves propagate over the convex low-tide beach profile than over the concave high-tide profile, resulting in a tidal modulation of seaward-radiated infragravity energy. Although previous studies have attributed infragravity energy losses in the surfzone to bottom drag and turbulence, theoretical estimates using both observations and numerical simulations suggest nonlinear transfers dominate. The observed beach profiles and energy transfers are similar along several km of the southern California coast, providing a mechanism for the tidal modulation of infragravity waves observed in bottom-pressure and seismic records on the continental shelf and in the deep ocean. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 9, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jthomson@whoi.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; braubenheimer@whoi.edu; thherber@nps.edu; rtg@coast.ucsd.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 AR L05601 DI 10.1029/2005GL025514 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021OU UT WOS:000235993300004 ER PT J AU Haigh, MM Pfau, M Danesi, J Tallmon, R Bunko, T Nyberg, S Thompson, B Babin, C Cardella, S Mink, M Temple, B AF Haigh, MM Pfau, M Danesi, J Tallmon, R Bunko, T Nyberg, S Thompson, B Babin, C Cardella, S Mink, M Temple, B TI A comparison of embedded and nonembedded print coverage of the US invasion and occupation of Iraq SO HARVARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE embedded; nonembedded; print media coverage; war in Iraq ID CREDIBILITY; IMPACT; SELF AB This study examines the impact of embedded versus nonembedded (unilateral) news coverage during the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq. A content analysis was conducted of the Washington Post, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Chicago Tribune news coverage of the invasion and occupation examining whether embedded and nonembedded new reports were different and, if so, how. News reports were examined for differences in tone toward the military, trust in the military, framing, and authoritativeness. The results of the study revealed significant differences in overall tone toward the military, trust in military personnel, framing, and authoritativeness between embedded and nonembedded articles. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Commun, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Def Joint Course Commun, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FORSCOM Publ Affairs, Ft McPherson, GA USA. DINFOS, Ft Meada, MD USA. USN, Air Stn Joint Reserve Base, New Orleans, LA USA. Air Force News, Marine Corps Detachment B, Iwakuni, Japan. Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Haigh, MM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Commun, 610 Elm Ave, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mmhaigh@ou.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1081-180X J9 HARV INT J PRESS-POL JI Harv. Int. J. Press-Polit. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1177/1081180X05286041 PG 15 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA 027BF UT WOS:000236388000007 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Sato, PA Smith, TC Wang, LZL Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy Steven Sato, Paul A. Smith, Tyler Clain Wang, Linda Zhenling Reed, Robert John Ryan, Margaret Angela Kappel TI Military Hospitalizations among deployed US service members following anthrax vaccination, 1998-2001 SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; vaccine safety; military medicine; military personnel; hospitalizations ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH; SAFETY; ASSOCIATION; PERSONNEL; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESS AB Safety concerns have confronted the Department of Defense Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program since inception in 1998. To determine if anthrax vaccination was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, a historical cohort study utilizing pre- and post-anthrax-vaccination hospitalizations was undertaken and analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. The study population consisted of 170,723 active duty US service members who were anthrax-vaccinated and deployed during the time period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2001. Study outcomes included hospitalizations due to any-cause, 14 broad International Classification of Diseases diagnostic categories, autoimmune organ specific and organ non-specific hospitalizations, and asthma. After adjustment, anthrax vaccination was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations for any-cause, diseases of the blood and blood forming organs, and diseases of the respiratory system. Comparing anthrax post-vaccination hospitalization experience with the pre-vaccination period resulted in no significant increased hazard for any of the hospitalization outcomes studied. Although there was no apparent increase in risk of morbidity in this study population, the relationship between anthrax vaccine and deployment on health outcomes among US service members needs further study. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biomech Branch, Bldg 824,Rm 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132YQ UT WOS:000243979200002 PM 17012889 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ AF Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ TI Noise penalty of highly saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in analog links SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE noise measurement; optical fiber amplifiers ID PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; MICROWAVE; FIGURE AB We outline the noise penalty of using a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the place of a shot-noise-limited laser for analog applications. Intensity noise measurements are presented using a highly saturated +22-dBm output-power amplifier, demonstrating the achievable signal-to-noise ratios when passive optical loss follows the amplification stage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5-8 BP 749 EP 751 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.871107 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 035CL UT WOS:000236977500033 ER PT J AU Ives, RW McGowan, JC Etter, DM Du, YZ AF Ives, RW McGowan, JC Etter, DM Du, YZ TI Signal processing outreach at the US naval academy SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 10 EP + DI 10.1109/MSP.2006.1621441 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 015NO UT WOS:000235558300004 ER PT J AU Talman, JR Fleischman, AJ Roy, S AF Talman, JR Fleischman, AJ Roy, S TI Orthogonal-coil RF probe for implantable passive sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coupled transmission lines; eddy-current compensation; implantable pressure sensors; LC passive sensor; MEMS; RF probe; T/R isolation; wireless telemetry ID PRESSURE SENSOR; SYSTEMS AB A versatile orthogonal-coil radio frequency (RF) probe suitable for detecting the resonant frequency of miniature implantable passive sensors has been designed and tested. The probe sensitivity has been tested using printed-circuit spiral inductors of various sizes (3-15 mm) in series with discrete surface-mount capacitors designed to resonate over a range of frequencies (50-200 MHz). Close agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results has been obtained. An equation is derived for transmit/receive (T/R) isolation that agrees with experimental measurements over the frequency range 1-500 MHz. The probe includes an additional coil to compensate for the effect of eddy currents in the human body on the probe. T/R isolation of at least 90 dB over the frequency range 1-100 MHz can be achieved when the probe is placed in close proximity to the human body. C1 USN, Res Lab, SAF Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44140 USA. RP Talman, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SAF Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM talman@obcm.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 538 EP 546 DI 10.1109/TBME.2005.864496 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 015OJ UT WOS:000235560400020 PM 16532781 ER PT J AU Gaiser, PW Ruf, CS AF Gaiser, PW Ruf, CS TI Foreword to the special issue on the WindSat spaceborne polarimetric radiometer - Calibration/validation and wind vector retrieval SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 467 EP 468 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.869924 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800001 ER PT J AU Jones, WL Park, JD Soisuvarn, S Hong, L Gaiser, PW Germain, KMS AF Jones, WL Park, JD Soisuvarn, S Hong, L Gaiser, PW Germain, KMS TI Deep-space calibration of the WindSat radiometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; radiometer; WindSat AB The WindSat microwave polarimetric radiometer consists of 22 channels of polarized brightness temperatures operating at five frequencies: 6.8, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8, and 37.0 GHz. The 10.7-, 18.7-, and 37.0-GHz channels are fully polarimetric (vertical/horizontal, +/- 45 degrees and left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized) to measure the four Stokes radiometric parameters. The principal objective of this Naval Research Laboratory experiment, which flys on the USAF Coriolis satellite, is to provide the proof of concept of the first passive measurement of ocean surface wind vector from space. This paper presents details of the on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration procedure, which was performed during of a series of satellite pitch maneuvers. During these special tests, the satellite pitch was slowly ramped to +45 degrees (and -45 degrees), which caused the WindSat conical spinning antenna to view deep space during the forward (or aft portion) of the azimuth scan. When viewing the homogeneous and isotropic brightness of space (2.73 K) through both the main reflector and the cold-load calibration reflector, it is possible to determine the absolute calibration of the individual channels and the relative calibration bias between polarimetric channels. Results demonstrate consistent and stable channel calibrations (with very small brightness biases) that exceed the mission radiometric calibration requirements. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32825 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Sys, Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jones, WL (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ljones5@cfl.rr.com; jpark@mail.ucf.edu; se867731@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; li413535@ucf.edu; peter.gaiset@nrl.navy.mil; Karen.StGermain@noaa.gov RI Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016; Hong, Liang/D-3156-2017 OI Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974; Hong, Liang/0000-0002-8870-0399 NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 476 EP 495 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.862499 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800003 ER PT J AU Purdy, WE Gaiser, PW Poe, GA Uliana, EA Eissner, T Wentz, FJ AF Purdy, WE Gaiser, PW Poe, GA Uliana, EA Eissner, T Wentz, FJ TI Geolocation and pointing accuracy analysis for the WindSat sensor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE geolocation; polarimetry; radiometry AB Geolocation and pointing accuracy analyses of the WindSat flight data are presented. The two topics were intertwined in the flight data analysis and will be addressed together. WindSat has no unusual geolocation requirements relative to other sensors, but its beam pointing knowledge accuracy is especially critical to support accurate polarimetric radiometry. Pointing accuracy was improved and verified using geolocation analysis in conjunction with scan bias analysis. Two methods were needed to properly identify and differentiate between data time tagging and pointing knowledge errors. Matchups comparing coastlines indicated in imagery data with their known geographic locations were used to identify geolocation errors. These coastline matchups showed possible pointing errors with ambiguities as to the true source of the errors. Scan bias analysis of U, the third Stokes parameter, and of vertical and horizontal polarizations provided measurement of pointing offsets resolving ambiguities in the coastline matchup analysis. Several geolocation and Pointing bias sources were incrementally eliminated resulting in, pointing knowledge and geolocation accuracy that met all design requirements. C1 Purdy Engn Inc, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. RP Purdy, WE (reprint author), Purdy Engn Inc, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. EM peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 496 EP 505 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.858415 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800004 ER PT J AU Twarog, EA Purdy, WE Gaiser, PW Cheung, KH Kelm, BE AF Twarog, EA Purdy, WE Gaiser, PW Cheung, KH Kelm, BE TI WindSat on-orbit warm load calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometer; radiometer calibration; remote sensing; WindSat ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AB Postlaunch calibration of the WindSat polarimetric microwave radiometer indicates the presence of thermal gradients across the calibration warm load during some portions of the year. These gradients are caused by reflected solar illumination or eclipse and increase total calibration errors. This paper describes the WindSat warm load and presents the measured on-orbit data which clearly illustrate the anomalous responses seen in the warm load calibration data. Detailed thermal modeling predictions of the WindSat on-orbit performance are presented along with the satellite orbital geometry model with solar inputs in order to explain the physical causes of the thermal gradients. To reduce the resultant calibration errors during periods of anomalous warm load behavior, a correction algorithm was developed which uses the physical temperatures of the gain stages in the receiver electronics to calculate an effective gain. This calibration algorithm is described, and its performance and expected accuracy are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdy Engn, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. RP Twarog, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Elizabeth.Twarog@nri.navy.mil NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 516 EP 529 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.863300 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800006 ER PT J AU Li, L Gaiser, PW Bettenhausen, MH Johnston, W AF Li, L Gaiser, PW Bettenhausen, MH Johnston, W TI WindSat radio-frequency interference signature and its identification over land and ocean SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave remote sensing; radio-frequency interference (RFI); WindSat ID AMSR-E; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; PERFORMANCE AB Radio-frequency interference (RFI) in the spaceborne multichannel radiometer data of WindSat and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS is currently being detected using a spectral difference technique. Such a technique does not explicitly utilize multichannel correlations of radiometer data, which are key information in separating RFI from natural radiations. Furthermore, it is not optimal for radiometer data observed over ocean regions due to the inherent large natural variability of spectral difference over ocean. In this paper, we first analyzed multivariate WindSat and Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data in terms of channel correlation, information content, and principal components of WindSat and SMMR data. Then two methods based on channel correlation were developed for RFI detection over land and ocean. Over land, we extended the spectral difference technique using principal component analysis (PCA) of RFI indices, which integrates statistics of target emission/scattering characteristics (through RFI indices) and multivariate correlation of radiometer data into a single statistical framework of PCA. Over ocean, channel regression of X-band can account for nearly all of the natural variations in the WindSat data. Therefore, we use a channel regression-based model difference technique to directly predict RFI-free brightness temperature, and therefore RFI intensity. Although model difference technique is most desirable, it is more difficult to apply over land due to heterogeneity of land surfaces. Both methods improve our knowledge of RFI signatures in terms of channel correlations and explore potential RFI mitigation, and thus provide risk reductions for future satellite passive microwave missions such as the NPOESS Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder. The new RFI algorithms are effective in detecting RFI in the C- and X-band Windsat radiometer channels over land and ocean. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li.li@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 530 EP 539 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.862503 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800007 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, S Reising, SC Asher, WE Rose, LA Gaiser, PW AF Padmanabhan, S Reising, SC Asher, WE Rose, LA Gaiser, PW TI Effects of foam on ocean surface microwave emission inferred from radiometric observations of reproducible breaking waves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE fractional area foam coverage; microwave emissivity; microwave radiometer; microwave radiometry; ocean surface; WindSat; wind speed; wind vector ID WIND DIRECTION SIGNAL; VOID-FRACTION; GAS TRANSFER; PARAMETERS; DEPENDENCE; FIELDS; SPEED AB WindSat, the first satellite polarimetric microwave radiometer, and the NPOESS Conical Microwave Imager/Sounder both have as a key objective the retrieval of the ocean surface wind vector from radiometric brightness temperatures. Available observations and models to date show that the wind direction signal is only 1-3 K peak-to-peak at 19 and 37 GHz, much smaller than the wind speed signal. In order to obtain sufficient accuracy for reliable wind direction retrieval, uncertainties in geophysical modeling of the sea surface emission on the order of 0.2 K need to be removed. The surface roughness spectrum has been addressed by many studies, but the azimuthal signature of the microwave emission from breaking waves and foam has not been adequately addressed. Recently, a number of experiments have been conducted-to quantify the increase in sea surface microwave emission due to foam. Measurements from the Floating Instrumentation Platform indicated that the increase in ocean surface emission due to breaking waves may depend on the incidence and azimuth angles of observation. The need to quantify this dependence motivated systematic measurement of the microwave emission from reproducible breaking waves as a function of incidence and azimuth angles. A number of empirical parameterizations of whitecap coverage with wind speed were used to estimate the increase in brightness temperatures measured by a satellite microwave radiometer due to wave breaking in the field of view. These results provide the first empirically based parameterization with wind speed of the effect of breaking waves and foam on satellite brightness temperatures at 10.8, 19, and 37 GHz. C1 Colorado State Univ, Microwave Syst Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Padmanabhan, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Microwave Syst Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM spadmana@engr.colostate.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.870234 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800011 ER PT J AU Bettenhausen, MH Smith, CK Bevilacqua, RM Wang, NY Gaiser, PW Cox, S AF Bettenhausen, MH Smith, CK Bevilacqua, RM Wang, NY Gaiser, PW Cox, S TI A nonlinear optimization algorithm for WindSat wind-vector retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometer; ocean surface winds; polarimetric; retrieval; WindSat ID SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; OCEAN SURFACE; WATER-VAPOR; SEA; SSM/I; EMISSIVITY; RADIOMETER; WHITECAPS; CLIMATE; MODELS AB WindSat is a space-based polarimetric microwave radiometer designed to demonstrate the capability to measure the ocean surface wind vector using a radiometer. We describe a non-linear iterative algorithm for simultaneous retrieval of sea surface temperature, columnar water vapor, columnar cloud liquid water, and the ocean surface wind vector from WindSat measurements. The algorithm uses a physically based forward model function for the WindSat brightness temperatures. Empirical corrections to the physically based model are discussed. We present evaluations of initial retrieval performance using a six-month dataset of WindSat measurements and collocated data from other satellites and a numerical weather model. We focus primarily on the application to wind vector retrievals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bettenhausen, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.bettenhausen@nrl.navy.mil RI Smith, Craig/D-7927-2015; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Smith, Craig/0000-0001-5829-8303; NR 39 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 597 EP 610 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.862504 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800013 ER PT J AU Turk, FJ DiMichele, S Hawkins, J AF Turk, FJ DiMichele, S Hawkins, J TI Observations of tropical cyclone structure from WindSat SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clouds; cyclone; microwave; radiation; shear; structure; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); WindSat ID MICROWAVE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; CLOUDS; ALGORITHM; MODEL; SHEAR; ORBIT; TRMM AB Passive microwave radiometric (PMW) observations of clouds from multichannel imaging sensors onboard low Earth-orbiting environmental satellites are now a vital operational dataset. The first operational passive microwave sensor was the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites, which has been gathering hydrological data records since 1987, and continued with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer onboard Aqua. These sensors view the underlying scene with an Earth incidence angle near 531 and with a variable azimuthal angle, depending upon the orbit direction and scan position. The WindSat sensor onboard the Coriolis satellite, launched in January 2003, is a five-channel polarimetric PMW radiometer designed to optimize ocean surface wind vector retrievals. While it does not have 85-GHz channels, an added feature is its unique fore-aft viewing capability across a portion of its fore scan swath. This provides a view of the underlying scene from two separate azimuthal directions, which provides added information on the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of clouds and their evolution. In this paper, we compare WindSat and TRMM Precipiation Radar observations of tropical cyclones (TCs) with Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations performed on idealized 3-D convective cloud structures. The TC 3-D structure and possible tilt in the convective cloud structure are inferred from the difference between the 37-GHz equivalent blackbody brightness temperatures (T-B) from the corresponding fore and aft view observations. The information gained from this analysis is important since asymmetries in the cloud vertical and horizontal structure may be an indication of upper level wind shear, which plays a major role in influencing changes of the TC intensity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM turk@nrlmry.navy.mil; sabatino.di.michele@ecmwf.int NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.869926 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800017 ER PT J AU Adams, IS Hennon, CC Jones, L Ahmad, KA AF Adams, IS Hennon, CC Jones, L Ahmad, KA TI Evaluation of hurricane ocean vector winds from WindSat SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hurricane; ocean vector wind; passive microwave; polarimetry; tropical cyclone (TC); WindSat ID SSM/I; RADIOMETERS; FIELDS; SPEED; HRD AB The ability to accurately measure ocean surface wind vectors from space in all weather conditions is important in many scientific and operational usages. One highly desirable application of satellite-based wind vector retrievals is to provide realistic estimates of tropical cyclone intensity for hurricane monitoring. Historically, the extreme environmental conditions in tropical cyclones (TCs) have been a challenge to traditional space-based wind vector sensing provided by microwave scatterometers. With the advent of passive microwave polarimetry, an alternate tool for estimating surface wind conditions in the TC has become available. This paper evaluates the WindSat polarimetric radiometer's ability to accurately sense winds within TCs. Three anecdotal cases studies are presented from the 2003 Atlantic Hurricane season. Independent surface wind estimates from aircraft flights and other platforms are used to provide surface wind fields for comparison to WindSat retrievals. Results of a subjective comparison of wind flow patterns are presented as well as quantitative statistics for point location comparisons of wind speed and direction. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ian.adams@nrl.navy.mil; ljones5@cfl.rr.com NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 656 EP 667 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.862506 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018ST UT WOS:000235785800018 ER PT J AU Rauscher, C Kirchoefer, SW AF Rauscher, C Kirchoefer, SW TI Miniature ridge-waveguide filter module employing moldable dielectric material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE bandpass filter; evanescent-mode waveguide; high power; injection molding; moldable dielectric; ridge waveguide; waveguide filter ID DESIGN AB The experimental 6-8.6-GHz five-pole bandpass filter being presented is composed of ridge-waveguide resonator segments, evanescent-mode inter-resonator coupling sections, and planar-circuit impedance-matching port networks. To reduce overall filter size, cavities are filled with a low-loss moldable dielectric material that does not shrink during curing. Good agreement is observed between measured and predicted filter response characteristics. Two additional bandpass filter designs with different fractional bandwidths further highlight the versatility of the design methodology that relies entirely on the use of commercially available general-purpose design software. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rauscher, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6850, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rauscher@ieee.org NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1190 EP 1195 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.864106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 022UL UT WOS:000236081500025 ER PT J AU Furtek, KJ Crum, NF Olson, PE Wallace, MR AF Furtek, KJ Crum, NF Olson, PE Wallace, MR TI Proton pump inhibitor therapy in atazanavir-treated patients: Contraindicated? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter C1 Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Furtek, KJ (reprint author), Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 394 EP 396 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 019WX UT WOS:000235870000021 PM 16540945 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI Prediction of failing cylinder through air-water-sediment columns SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FALLING CYLINDER AB A falling rigid body through air, water, and sediment is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Two experiments were conducted to drop rigid cylinders with density ratio around 1.8 into shallow water (around 13 in deep) in the Monterey Bay (Exp-1) and into the Naval Postgraduate Schools swimming pool (Exp-2). During the experiments, we carefully observe cylinder track and burial depth while simultaneously taking gravity cores (in Exp-1). After analyzing the gravity cores, we obtain the bottom sediment density and shear strength profiles. The theoretical work includes the development of a 3D rigid body impact burial prediction model (IMPACT35) that contains three components: triple coordinate transform and hydrodynamics of a falling rigid object in a single medium (air, water or sediment) and in multiple media (air-water and water-sediment interfaces). The model predicts the rigid body's trajectory in the water column and burial depth and orientation in the sediment. The experimental data (burial depth, sediment density, and shear strength) show the capability of IMPA CT35 in predicting the cylinder trajectory and orientation. in a water column and burial depth and orientation in sediment. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 300 EP 314 DI 10.1115/1.2125975 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 024KD UT WOS:000236193000016 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Guo, FZ AF Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Guo, FZ TI Optimization criteria for an irreversible quantum Brayton engine with an ideal Bose gas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME; HEAT ENGINE; SPIN SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; CYCLE; THERMODYNAMICS; WORKING AB The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal performance for an irreversible quantum Brayton engine consisting of two constant-frequency branches connected by two irreversible adiabatic branches. The solution of the generalized quantum master equation of a thermal system is obtained in the Heisenberg picture. The optimization region (or criteria) for an irreversible quantum Brayton engine is obtained. The relationship between the dimensionless power output P-* versus efficiency eta for the irreversible quantum Brayton engine with heat leakage and other irreversible losses are derived. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 AR 054904 DI 10.1063/1.2176083 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 021RP UT WOS:000236002900084 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL O'Sullivan, DW AF Prak, DJL O'Sullivan, DW TI Solubility of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID WATER; EXPLOSIVES; PREDICTION AB The solubility of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) in seawater with ionic strength = (0.3352, 0.5071, and 0.6820) mol(.)L(-1) and pure water was measured at 4 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 40 degrees C. The pure water solubility values compare well with values reported previously. The solubility in seawater was lower than that in pure water. The average salting-out coefficients for 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT were (0. 11 and 0. 12) L(.)mol(-1), respectively, which are consistent with measurements for other nitroaromatic compounds. The salting-out coefficients did not show any significant variation with temperature over the range examined. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011; OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1021/je0503731 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 021SH UT WOS:000236005000028 ER PT J AU Gribble, R AF Gribble, Richard TI Cardinal Humberto Medeiros and the desegregation of Boston's public schools, 1974-1976 SO JOURNAL OF CHURCH AND STATE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Jesuit Sch Theol, Berkeley, CA USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gribble, R (reprint author), Stonehill Coll, N Easton, MA 02356 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYLOR UNIV PI WACO PA J M DAWSON STUD CHURCH STATE BOX 380, WACO, TX 76798 USA SN 0021-969X J9 J CHURCH STATE JI J. Church State PD SPR PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 327 EP 353 PG 27 WC Religion SC Religion GA 065UY UT WOS:000239186600006 ER PT J AU McMurry, TB AF McMurry, TB TI A comparison of pharmacological tobacco cessation relapse rates SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article ID SMOKING-CESSATION AB Tobacco use is the nation's leading preventable cause of chronic illness and injury; it takes the lives of 450,000 of our citizens each year. Currently, there are numerous treatment programs and pharmacological aids that may be obtained with a prescription or purchased over the counter at your local drugstore. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in tobacco cessation relapse rates of military personnel at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals among 4 categories of pharmacological and cognitive regimens used at an outpatient naval treatment facility. A nonprobability convenience sampling plan was used to obtain (a) 10 patient-participant Freedom From Smoking (FFS) course records that utilized Zyban and Nicotine Replacement Therapy, (b) 10 patient-participant FFS course records that utilized Zyban only, (c) 10 patient-participant FFS course records that utilized Nicotine Replacement Therapy only, and (d) 10 patient-participant FFS course records that utilized Nicotine Replacement Therapy and nicotine gum (as needed). Findings revealed no significant difference between relapse and associated pharmacological treatment program. There was, however, a moderate increased cessation effort in Program 4 (nicotine replacement patch and nicotine gum). Results also demonstrated no significant difference between demographic variables and relapse cohorts. A significant positive relation between length of smoking and packs smoked per day was revealed, however. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP McMurry, TB (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 2957 W Evans Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tmcmurry@cox.net NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0737-0016 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH NURS JI J. Community Health Nurs. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1207/s15327655jchn2301_2 PG 14 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 036PP UT WOS:000237087400002 PM 16445361 ER EF