FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jacoby, GA Luqi AF Jacoby, Grant A. Luqi TI Intranet model and metrics SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Informat Technol Operat Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jacoby, GA (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM grant.jacoby@usma.edu; luqi@nps.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1145/1216016.1216019 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 133DX UT WOS:000243993500012 ER PT J AU Singh, G Lau, RWH Chrysanthou, Y AF Singh, Gurminder Lau, Rynson W. H. Chrysanthou, Yiorgos TI Guest Editors' introduction for the first three papers of this issue: Advances in virtual reality software and technology SO COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC USA. Univ Durham, Dept Comp Sci, Durham DH1 3HP, England. Univ Cyprus, Dept Comp Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Singh, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC USA. OI LAU, Rynson W H/0000-0002-8957-8129 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-4261 EI 1546-427X J9 COMPUT ANIMAT VIRT W JI Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP I EP II DI 10.1002/cav.165 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 149ML UT WOS:000245150900001 ER PT J AU Cone, BD Irvine, CE Thompson, MF Nguyen, TD AF Cone, Benjamin D. Irvine, Cynthia E. Thompson, Michael F. Nguyen, Thuy D. TI A video game for cyber security training and awareness SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Security Culture held at IFIP SEC 2006 Conference CY MAY, 2006 CL Karlstad, SWEDEN SP IFIP TC11, Working Grp 11 1 DE information assurance; training and awareness; educational simulation; video game; network security AB Although many of the concepts included in cyber security awareness training are universal, such training often must be tailored to address the policies and requirements of a particular organization. In addition, many forms of training fail because they are rote and do not require users to think about and apply security concepts. A flexible, highly interactive video game, CyberCIEGE, is described as a security awareness tool that can support organizational security training objectives while engaging typical users in an engaging security adventure. The game is now being successfully utilized for information assurance education and training by a variety of organizations. Preliminary results indicate the game can also be an effective addition to basic information awareness training programs for general computer users (e.g., annual awareness training.) (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Informat Syst Secur Studies & Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Informat Syst Secur Studies & Res, Code CS-Ic, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM benjamin.cone@hotmail.com; irvine@nps.edu; mfthomps@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2006.10.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 146HA UT WOS:000244923900023 ER PT J AU Giordano, BC Collins, GE AF Giordano, Braden C. Collins, Greg E. TI Synthetic methods applied to the detection of chemical warfare nerve agents SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; ENZYME-BASED BIOSENSOR; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ACOUSTIC-WAVE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-SENSITIVITY AB Recent events as they relate to the war on terror make it abundantly clear that the rapid detection of chemical warfare nerve agents is essential. While the detection of these agents clearly falls into the purview of the analytical chemist, the importance or the organic chemist in the development of new techniques or approaches remains intact. This review serves to introduce the reader to a number of methods for detecting nerve agents with a focus on those techniques which rely oil synthetic chemistry to improve overall performance with respect to selectivity, sensitivity and analysis time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.2174/138527207779940883 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 129OR UT WOS:000243739300003 ER PT J AU Sulit, LTDJ Guardiano, RA Krivda, S AF Sulit, L. T. Daryl J. Guardiano, Robert A. Krivda, Stephen TI Classic and atypical Spitz nevi: Review of the literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Review ID LYMPH-NODE BIOPSY; EPITHELIOID CELL NEVI; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; MELANOCYTIC LESIONS; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; CHILDHOOD; SPINDLE; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB Both classic and atypical Spitz nevi are uncommon melanocytic lesions usually presenting in children and adolescents. The classic Spitz nevus typically is benign and has characteristic clinical and histologic features. In contrast, the atypical Spitz nevus has an unknown clinical prognosis, and its clinical and histologic traits are loosely defined. Melanoma can have similar features to both classic and atypical Spitz nevi and must be ruled out in all cases. We review the literature on classic and atypical Spitz nevi, advances in differentiating both types of nevi from melanoma, and treatment options. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sulit, LTDJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 141AZ UT WOS:000244549900010 ER PT J AU Whitman, TJ Richards, AL Paddock, CD Tamminga, CL Sniezek, PJ Jiang, J Byers, DK Sanders, JW AF Whitman, Timothy J. Richards, Allen L. Paddock, Christopher D. Tamminga, Cindy L. Sniezek, Patrick J. Jiang, Ju Byers, David K. Sanders, John W. TI Rickettsia parkeri infection after tick bite, Virginia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; DISEASES AB We describe a man with a febrile illness and an eschar that developed at the site of a tick bite. Rickettsia parkeri was detected and isolated from the eschar. This report represents the second documented case of R. parkeri rickettsiosis in a US serviceman in eastern Virginia. C1 USN, Dept Infect Dis, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitman, TJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Infect Dis, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM tjwhitman@bethesda.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 12 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 334 EP 336 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000029 PM 17479907 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Hanafi, HA Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Loftis, Amanda D. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Hanafi, A. Hanafi Dasch, Gregory A. TI Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari : Macronyssidae) from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mites; Rickettsia; Bartonella; Ornithonyssus bacoti; Norway rat; black rat; Egypt ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BARTONELLA; AGENTS; FLEAS; ECTOPARASITES; INFECTIONS; BALTIMORE; SEQUENCES; MARYLAND; ANIMALS AB We collected and tested 616 tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst)) from rats (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) and R. rattus (Linnaeus)) throughout 14 governorates in Egypt and tested DNA extracts from pools of these mites for Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia spp. by PCR amplification and sequencing. Three different mite-associated bacterial agents, including one Bartonella and two Rickettsia spp., were detected in eight pools of mites. Further research could demonstrate the vector potential of mites and pathogenicity of these agents to humans or animals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), 4757 Habersham Ridge, Lilburn, GA 30047 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-9040-3 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 146RG UT WOS:000244951500009 PM 17225079 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, C Talpin, JP AF Heitmeyer, Constance Talpin, Jean-Pierre TI Special issue on MEMOCODE 2004 SO FORMAL METHODS IN SYSTEM DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IRISA INRIA, Rennes, France. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9856 J9 FORM METHOD SYST DES JI Form. Methods Syst. Des. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10703-006-0018-x PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 115ZA UT WOS:000242771100001 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Little, BJ Jones-Meehan, J Blom, DA Allard, LF AF Daulton, Tyrone L. Little, Brenda J. Jones-Meehan, Joanne Blom, Douglas A. Allard, Lawrence F. TI Microbial reduction of chromium from the hexavalent to divalent state SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SOLE ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; TRIVALENT CHROMIUM; CHROMATE REDUCTION; BACTERIAL-CELLS; TOXIC METALS; CR(VI); MANGANESE; MEMBRANE AB We demonstrate that Sheivanella oneidensis, a metal-reducing bacteria species with cytoplasmic-membrane-bound reductases and remarkably diverse respiratory capabilities, reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(II) in anaerobic cultures where chromate was the sole terminal electron acceptor. Individual cell microanalysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) demonstrates Cr(II) concentrated near the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting the terminal reduction pathway is intracellularly localized. Further, estimated cellular Cr(II) concentrations are relatively high at upwards of 0.03-0.09 g Cr/g bacterium. Accumulation of Cr(II) is observed in S. oneidensis cells prior to the formation of submicron-sized precipitates of insoluble Cr(III) on their surfaces. Furthermore, under anaerobic conditions, Cr(III) precipitates that encrust cells are shown to contain Cr(II) that is likely bound in the net negatively charged extracellular biopolymers which can permeate the surfaces of the precipitates. In otherwise nearly identical incubations, Cr(III) precipitate formation was observed in cultures maintained anaerobic with bubbled nitrogen but not in three replicate cultures in an anaerobic chamber. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM tdaulton@physics.wustl.edu NR 62 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 556 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 132LQ UT WOS:000243944700003 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B Cooke, SJ Manheimer, W AF Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Levush, Baruch Cooke, Simon J. Manheimer, W. TI A comparison of linearity and efficiency in conventional and transverse TWT amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE efficiency; intermodulation products; linearity; spent beam; transverse interaction; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES AB Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) based on the transverse interaction between an electron beam and a circularly polarized circuit wave were investigated starting in the 1960s. Small-signal theory based on a pencil beam suggested that these devices would have high efficiency and good linearity. Further analysis showed that the effect of a finite beam radius would limit these advantages. We present results from a short numerical study using a large signal code that compared the predicted performance of a conventional TWT with that of a transverse TWT of the same dc beam power. We find that the transverse TWT retains its advantages under large signal conditions. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Technol & Solut Business Unit, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Technol & Solut Business Unit, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chernind@saic.com; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; levush@estd.nrl.navy.mil; cooke@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1109/TED.2006.888756 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 131RR UT WOS:000243888100003 ER PT J AU Kim, W Iskander, MF Krowne, CM AF Kim, Wayne Iskander, Magdy F. Krowne, Clifford M. TI Modified Green's function and spectral-domain approach for analyzing anisotropic and multidielectric layer coplanar waveguide ferroelectric phase shifters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE anisotropic; coplanar waveguide (CPW); ferroelectric; Green's function; phase shifter; spectral domain ID DESIGN; FILM; PROPAGATION; TECHNOLOGY; VARACTORS AB Phase-shifter design based on ferroelectric materials technology has shown promising performance characteristics and the potential for achieving the long standing goal of realizing high performance, low-cost microwave phase shifters, and phased-array antennas. In this paper, we present a unifying spectral-domain approach and a newly derived Green's function that provide a "first principles" method for the design and analysis of ferroelectric material based coplanar waveguide phase shifters. The modified Green's function not only accounts for the finite thickness of the conductors, but also for the "current crowding" phenomena that results from using the very high dielectric constant ferroelectric film. Both isotropic and anisotropic effects were analyzed and the developed theoretical results were in excellent agreement with measured data. It is also shown that the multi-dielectric layer-based design of these phase shifters may provide nearly threefold increase in the figure-of-merit compared with the direct metallization case. A new biasing approach is proposed to achieve effective biasing of the ferroelectric layer and without excessive field concentration in the overlaying low dielectric layer. The formulation, procedure for the calculation of the current and charge distributions, and comparison between simulation and experimental results are described and presented in detail. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Engn, Hawaii Ctr Advanced Commun, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Engn, Hawaii Ctr Advanced Commun, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kimwayne@hawaii.edu; magdy.iskander@gmail.com; krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.889305 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 137AS UT WOS:000244265800009 ER PT J AU Hornstein, MK Bajaj, VS Griffin, RG Temkin, RJ AF Hornstein, Melissa K. Bajaj, Vikram S. Griffin, Robert G. Temkin, Richard J. TI Efficient low-voltage operation of a CW gyrotron oscillator at 233 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compact; dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP); gyrotron oscillator; low voltage; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); portable; terahertz ID DYNAMIC NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION AB The gyrotron oscillator is a source of high average power millimeter-wave through terahertz radiation. In this paper, we report low beam power and high-efficiency operation of a tunable gyrotron oscillator at 233 GHz. The low-voltage operating mode provides a path to further miniaturization of the gyrotron through reduction in the size of the electron gun, power supply, collector, and cooling system, which will benefit industrial and scientific applications requiring portability. Detailed studies of low-voltage operation in the TE2,3,1 mode reveal that the mode can be excited with less than 7 W of beam power at 3.5 kV. During CW operation with 3.5-kV beam voltage and 50-mA beam current, the gyrotron generates 12 W of RF power at 233.2 GHz. The EGUN electron optics code describes the low-voltage operation of the electron gun. Using gun-operating parameters derived from EGUN simulations, we show that a linear theory adequately predicts the low experimental starting currents. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Natl Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hornstein, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB001965-04, R01 EB002804, P41 EB002026, R01 EB001965, R01 EB002061, R01 EB002061-07, R01 EB004866, R01 EB004866-05A1, R01 EB004866-04] NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.889295 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 136IT UT WOS:000244216500004 PM 17687412 ER PT J AU Coleman, PL Apruzese, JP Velikovich, AL Thornhill, JW Davis, J Coverdale, CA Levine, JS Failor, B Sze, H Banister, J AF Coleman, Philip L. Apruzese, J. P. Velikovich, Alexander L. Thornhill, J. Ward Davis, Jack Coverdale, Christine A. Levine, Jerrold S. Failor, B. Sze, H. Banister, J. TI Measurement of the similar to 0.1-to > 10-keV energy distribution for an argon Z-pinch at the 15-MA level SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray diagnostics; X-ray spectra; Z-pinches ID PLASMAS; RADIATION; DIAGNOSTICS; ARRAY; MA AB We report an approximate energy distribution (coarse spectrum) over the range -0.1 to > 10 keV for the X-ray output of an argon Z-pinch. The tests, conducted at similar to 15-MA peak current, utilized an 8-cm diameter double-shell nozzle. Sze et al. (2001) have previously described the performance of this Z-pinch with emphasis on the K-shell line emission at similar to 3 keV. Additional measurements that address the non-K-line output of the Z-pinches are presented here. On the one hand, > 4-keV photons due to the free-bound continuum constitute a significant fraction, almost 30%, of the nominal K-shell emission. On the other hand, the sub-3-keV L-shell lines and continuum show distinctive time histories and significant yields. These nonresonance-line emissions are important for a more complete understanding of the implosion physics, for proper analysis of diagnostic responses, and for their effects upon objects exposed to the Z-pinch's radiation. C1 Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. L3 Commun Pulsed Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Coleman, PL (reprint author), Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. EM coleman@aasc.net RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.889273 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 136IT UT WOS:000244216500005 ER PT J AU Dew, N AF Dew, Nicholas TI Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment on Cattani (2006) SO INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTICS; EMERGENCE AB A recent article in this journal by Cattani (2006) pointed out that some part of a firm's technological knowledge base may be accumulated without anticipation of its subsequent uses but may later prove to have valuable applications. He called this technological pre-adaptation. This comment suggests that pre-adaptation is a confusing concept and offers an alternative term-exaptation-that might better describe the process Cattani refers to. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ndew@nps.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0960-6491 J9 IND CORP CHANGE JI Ind. Corp. Change PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1093/icc/dtl036 PG 6 WC Business; Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA 181XV UT WOS:000247470600006 ER PT J AU Caton, PA AF Caton, P. A. TI Combustion phasing of residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE homogeneous charge compression ignition; compression ignition; homogeneous combustion; phasing; residual-effected; kinetic modelling; dilute combustion; residual fraction AB Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is defined as an approach which relies on the reintroduction of combustion products to achieve both the required dilution and sensible energy rise to enable compression ignition. While convenient, this strategy introduces a coupling between the initial charge temperature and composition which is unique to this approach. Increasing the residual fraction tends to increase the initial charge temperature while simultaneously lowering reactant (fuel-air) concentrations. While intuition into chemical kinetics suggests that the initial thermal state should have the most significant impact on combustion phasing, experimental data for residual-effected HCCI show that increasing residual fraction delays phasing, despite higher apparent initial charge temperature. A kinetics-based model of residual-effected HCCI shows that two regimes of operation exist: a thermally-limited regime, in which phasing is most sensitive to the initial charge temperature, and a concentration-limited regime, in which phasing is most sensitive to the residual fraction. Because HCCI operation is practically limited by the rate of pressure rise as dilution decreases, the model suggests that residual-effected HCCI can occur solely in the concentration-limited regime. Therefore, control strategies for residual-effected HCCI should consider the dilution level as an input of primary importance. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Caton, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM patcaton@usna.edu FU US Department of Energy; Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University; Naval Academy Research Council, and the Office of Naval Research FX The author would like to thank Dr Chris Edwards, Dr Jim Cowart, Dr John Dec, and Dr Magnus Sjbberg for helpful discussions and Mr Scott Sutton for his expert assistance in setting up and maintaining the experimental apparatus. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, the Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University, the Naval Academy Research Council, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.1243/14680874JER01406 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 374OG UT WOS:000261053000008 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, Glenn E. TI Track-II diplomacy: Lessons from the Middle East SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. EM grobinson@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.1017/S0020743806391258 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 141ZS UT WOS:000244618500029 ER PT J AU Levin, M Eisenmann, S Palchan, T Zigler, A Sugiyama, K Nakajima, K Kaganovich, D Hubbard, RF Ting, A Gordon, DF Sprangle, P Fraenkel, M Maman, S Henis, Z AF Levin, M. Eisenmann, S. Palchan, T. Zigler, A. Sugiyama, K. Nakajima, K. Kaganovich, D. Hubbard, R. F. Ting, A. Gordon, D. F. Sprangle, P. Fraenkel, M. Maman, S. Henis, Z. TI Guiding of high laser intensities in long plasma channels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of the 4th Laser-Beam Interactions Workshop/7th Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop CY DEC 12-16, 2005 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ ID CAPILLARY-DISCHARGE AB Plasma channels have been widely used to guide intense laser pulses over many Rayleigh lengths. Using optimized segmented capillary discharges, we demonstrated guided propagation of ultra short (100 fs) high intensity (10(16) W/CM-2, limited by the laser system) pulses over distances up to 12.6 cm and intensities above 10(18)W/CM2 for 1.5cm boron nitride capillary. Both radial and longitudinal density profiles of plasma channels were studied under various discharge conditions. A new diagnostic technique is presented in which the transport of a guided laser pulse at different delay times from the initiation of the discharge is sampled on a single discharge shot. Using external, 10 nsec Nd YAG laser of several tenths of milijoules to ignite polyethylene capillaries we have demonstrated channels of various length in density range of 10(17)-10(19) cm(-3) and up to 25% deep. The longitudinal profiles were found to be remarkably uniform in both short and long capillaries. The Boron Nitride capillary has provided a guiding medium that can withstand more than 1000 shots. Using these capillaries we have guided laser intensities above 10(18)W/CM2. The laser ignition of capillary discharge provided reliable almost jitter free approach. The concerns related to influence of relatively high current density flow through capillary on the injected electrons were studied extensively by us both theoretically and experimentally using a simple injection method. The method is based on the interaction of a high intensity laser pulse with a thin wire placed near capillary entrance. The influence of magnetic fields was found to be insignificant. Using this method we have studied transport of electrons though capillary discharge. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, Jerusalem, Israel. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tokyo, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Soreq NRC, Div Plasma Phys, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. RP Zigler, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, Jerusalem, Israel. EM zigler@vms.huji.ac.il RI Eisenmann, Shmuel/F-2624-2010; zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1142/S0217979207042136 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 234JF UT WOS:000251156700012 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Tanzer, DJ AF Thomas, Karin E. Tanzer, David J. TI Medical considerations before refractive surgery retreatment SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article AB We report a case of a significant hyperopic shift 2 years after myopic photorefractive keratectomy with an interim of stability. The patient was an otherwise healthy man who reported a sudden change in vision when climbing to altitude. Medical considerations for refractive shifts should be looked at before retreatment is proposed. Diabetes was diagnosed in our patient; after initiation of insulin, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity returned to 20/20 in both eyes. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Thomas, KE (reprint author), Box 555191, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM flykarin@aol.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 326 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.09.028 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 134NM UT WOS:000244090100043 PM 17276280 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Smith, B Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gray, GC Gackstetter, GD Riddle, JR Wells, TS Gumbs, G Corbeil, TE Hooper, TI AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Amoroso, Paul Boyko, Edward J. Gray, Gregory C. Gackstetter, Gary D. Riddle, James R. Wells, Timothy S. Gumbs, Gia Corbeil, Thomas E. Hooper, Tomoko I. TI Millennium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military personnel; veterans; longitudinal studies; combat disorders; Gulf War Syndrome ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH REGISTRIES; PEACEKEEPING DUTY; MENTAL-DISORDERS; PTSD CHECKLIST; PRIME-MD; US; PERSONNEL AB Objective: In response to health concerns of military members about deployment and other service-related exposures, the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the largest prospective study ever undertaken in the U.S. military. Study Design and Setting: The Millennium Cohort uses a phased enrollment strategy to eventually include more than 100,000 U.S. service members who will be followed up through the year 2022, even after leaving military service. Subjects will be linked to DoD and Veterans Affairs databases and surveyed every 3 years to obtain objective and self-reported data on exposures and health outcomes. Results: The first enrollment phase was completed in July 2003 and resulted in 77,047 consenting participants, well representative of both active-duty and Reserve/Guard forces. This report documents the baseline characteristics of these Cohort members, describes traditional, postal, and Web-based enrollment methods; and describes the unique challenges of enrolling, retaining, and following such a large Cohort. Conclusion: The Millennium Cohort was successfully launched and is becoming especially relevant, given current deployment and exposure concerns. The Cohort is representative of the U.S. military and promises to provide new insight into the long-term effects of military occupations on health for years to come. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr Puget Sound, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 70 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.05.009 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127QL UT WOS:000243601300011 PM 17208125 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Blaney, KM Malanoski, AP Ligler, AG Schnur, JM Metzgar, D Russell, KL Stenger, DA AF Lin, Baochuan Blaney, Kate M. Malanoski, Anthony P. Ligler, Adam G. Schnur, Joel M. Metzgar, David Russell, Kevin L. Stenger, David A. TI Using a resequencing microarray as a multiple respiratory pathogen detection assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; DNA MICROARRAYS; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; TRACT INFECTIONS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB Simultaneous testing for detection of infectious pathogens that cause similar symptoms (e.g., acute respiratory infections) is invaluable for patient treatment, outbreak prevention, and efficient use of antibiotic and antiviral agents. In addition, such testing may provide information regarding possible coinfections or induced secondary infections, such as virally induced bacterial infections. Furthermore, in many cases, detection of a pathogen requires more than genus/species-level resolution, since harmful agents (e.g., avian influenza virus) are grouped with other, relatively benign common agents, and for every pathogen, finer resolution is useful to allow tracking of the location and nature of mutations leading to strain variations. In this study, a previously developed resequencing microarray that has been demonstrated to have these capabilities was further developed to provide individual detection sensitivity ranging from 101 to 103 genomic copies for more than 26 respiratory pathogens while still retaining the ability to detect and differentiate between close genetic neighbors. In addition, the study demonstrated that this system allows unambiguous and reproducible sequence-based strain identification of the mixed pathogens. Successful proof-of-concept experiments using clinical specimens show that this approach is potentially very useful for both diagnostics and epidemic surveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 42 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1128/JCM.01870-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000030 PM 17135438 ER PT J AU Hanggi, EB Ingersoll, JF Waggoner, TL AF Hanggi, Evelyn B. Ingersoll, Jerry F. Waggoner, Terrace L. TI Color vision in horses (Equus caballus): Deficiencies identified using a pseudoisochromatic plate test SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horse; equine; color vision deficiency; discrimination; dichromats ID DISCRIMINATION; MAMMALS AB In the past, equine color vision was tested with stimuli composed either of painted cards or photographic slides or through physiological testing using electroretinogram flicker photometry. Some studies produced similar results, but others did not, demonstrating that there was not yet a definitive answer regarding color vision in horses (Equus caballus). In this study, a pseudoisochromatic plate test-which is highly effective in testing color vision both in small children and in adult humans-was used for the first time on a nonhuman animal. Stimuli consisted of different colored dotted circles set against backgrounds of varying dots. The coloration of the circles corresponded to the visual capabilities of different types of color deficiencies (anomalous trichromacy and dichromacy). Four horses were tested on a 2-choice discrimination task. All horses successfully reached criterion for gray circles and demonstration circles. None of the horses were able to discriminate the protan-deutan plate or the individual protan or deutan plates. However, all were able to discriminate the tritan plate. The results suggest that horses are dichromats with color vision capabilities similar to those of humans with red-green color deficiencies. C1 Equine Res Fdn, Aptos, CA 95001 USA. Naval Hosp, Eye Clin, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Hanggi, EB (reprint author), Equine Res Fdn, POB 1900, Aptos, CA 95001 USA. EM EquiResF@aol.com NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7036 J9 J COMP PSYCHOL JI J. Comp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1037/0735-7036.121.1.65 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Zoology GA 135AB UT WOS:000244125000007 PM 17324076 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Boos, JB Ancona, MG Papanicolaou, NA Cooke, GA Kheyrandish, H AF Bennett, Brian R. Boos, J. Brad Ancona, Mario G. Papanicolaou, N. A. Cooke, Graham A. Kheyrandish, H. TI InAlSb/InAs/AlGaSb quantum well heterostructures for high-electron-mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE InAs; high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs); molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); FET; InAlSb; AlGaSb ID LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; GATE; MODULATION; EPITAXY; DEVICES; GROWTH; F(T); GHZ AB Heterostructures for InAs-channel high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were investigated. Reactive AlSb buffer and barrier layers were replaced by more stable Al0.7Ga0.3Sb and In0.2Al0.8Sb alloys. The distance between the gate and the channel was reduced to 7-13 mn to allow good aspect ratios for very short gate lengths. In addition, n(+)-InAs caps were successfully deposited on the In0.2Al0.8Sb upper barrier allowing for low sheet resistance with relatively low sheet carrier density in the channel. These advances are expected to result in InAs-channel HEMTs with enhanced microwave performance and better reliability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSMA MATS, Stoke On Trent, Staffs, England. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0057-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 143MZ UT WOS:000244727800001 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, Robert J. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Marshall, Wesley J. Aldrich, Robert C. Gorschboth, Mary F. Zimmerman, Sheldon A. Rockwell, R. James, Jr. TI Procedure for the computation of hazards from diffusely scattering surfaces under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; diffuse hazard; extended source; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; accessible emission limit (AEL); pulsed lasers AB The current national consensus standard for laser safety in the United States is the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z1361). The most recent standard, Z 136.1-2000, incorporates a wealth of recent bioeffects data and established a number of new maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for laser safety. The standard also includes recent procedures for the computation of MPE values from large or extended diffusely scattering sources, which must be understood by health physicists, laser safety officers, and others in the field of occupational safety. Here we present the fourth in a series of tutorial articles, written to clarify laser safety analysis procedures under this standard, with an emphasis on the MPE computation methods related to extended sources, and the determination of nominal hazard zones. (c) 2007 Laser Institute Of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.2351/1.2402516 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 139LX UT WOS:000244434400008 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Winchell, CS Schmidt, RH AF Phillips, R. Brand Winchell, Clark S. Schmidt, Robert H. TI Dietary overlap of an alien and native carnivore on San Clemente Island, California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE alien species; competition; diet; Felis catus; feral cat; island fox; San Clemente Island; Urocyon littoralis ID CATS FELIS-CATUS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; UROCYON-LITTORALIS; SPECIES REMOVAL; GOLDEN EAGLES; SPOTTED SKUNK; FERAL CATS; FOX; PREY; SIZE AB Predation by feral cats (Felis catus) is recognized as a major threat to native fauna worldwide, but the competitive effects of cats on native species have not been extensively studied. Cats occur on San Clemente Island, California, in sympatry with endemic island foxes (Urocyon littoralis clementae). We examined diets of cats and island foxes between years, seasons, and habitats to assess the potential for resource competition between the 2 species. Analysis of 602 cat and 958 fox feces revealed a high level of dietary overlap (0 = 0.93) and relatively narrow niche breadths for both species (B-standard (Fox) = 0.37; B-standard Cat = 0.49). Despite the overlap in diet, cats and foxes appear to partition prey resources. Cats consume approximately equal proportions of arthropod (47.9%) and vertebrate (44.2%) prey, the latter primarily rodents (29.2%) and lizards (12.9%). In contrast, foxes appear to rely more on arthropods (57.7%), with plants (20.5%) and vertebrates (21.6%) occurring in lower, but roughly equal frequencies. Season appeared to have little effect on diet; however, diet did vary between habitats and years for both species. Diets of cats on San Clemente Island are consistent with those from other studies. We found no evidence of a dietary shift by foxes that were in sympatry with cats. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Air Stn N Isl, Nat Resources Off, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall,MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rbrand@unm.edu NR 70 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-015R2.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 142BK UT WOS:000244623500020 ER PT J AU Turnbull, PCB Frawley, DA Bull, RL AF Turnbull, Peter C. B. Frawley, Dody A. Bull, Robert L. TI Heat activation/shock temperatures for Bacillus anthracis spores and the issue of spore plate counts versus true numbers of spores SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE activation; Bacillus anthracis; counts; heat; shock; spores ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; PROPHYLAXIS; CEREUS AB Assessing true numbers of viable anthrax spores is complex. Optimal heat activation conditions vary with species, media and germinants. Published time/temperature combinations for Bacillus anthracis spores range from 60 degrees C for <= 90 min to boiling for 1 min. Results presented here indicate that temperatures are best kept to <= 70 degrees C and holding times need not exceed 15-30 min. Under conditions of 60 degrees C for 90 min, 62-23 degrees C for 15 min and 70 degrees C for 15 or 30 min, although the ratio of heated:unheated counts ranged from < 1 to > 1, post-heating counts were less than their pre-heating counterparts on between 71% and 88% of occasions. A high probability was found of viable spore counts differing significantly from counts determined microscopically, with differences of almost 1 log possible. Viable counts were lower than microscopic counts in 15 of 18 tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Turnbull, PCB (reprint author), Arjemptur Technol Ltd, Sci Pk, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. EM peterturnbull@tesco.net NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.014 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 138SK UT WOS:000244382400022 PM 17055602 ER PT J AU Gongvatana, A Woods, SP Taylor, MJ Vigil, O Grant, I AF Gongvatana, Assawin Woods, Steven Paul Taylor, Michael J. Vigil, Ofilio Grant, Igor CA HNRC Grp TI Semantic clustering inefficiency in HIV-associated dementia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERBAL-LEARNING TEST; MEMORY PERFORMANCE; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DYSFUNCTION; INFECTION; INDIVIDUALS; INFORMATION; RELIABILITY; PARKINSONS AB Although HIV is detectable throughout the CNS, its preferential disruption of fronto-basal ganglia systems is thought to underlie the neurobehavioral syndrome of HIV-associated dementia. Semantic clustering, a measure of organizational strategy during learning and retrieval, is commonly impaired in patients with frontal systems dysfunction, but has not previously been evaluated in HIV-associated dementia. The current study examined semantic and serial clustering strategies on a list-learning task in 15 individuals with HIV-associated dementia, 44 HIV-infected individuals without dementia, and 24 healthy comparison subjects. Results indicated a stepwise decline in the use of semantic, but not serial, clustering with increasing severity of HIV-associated cognitive disorder. Findings suggest that HIV-associated dementia is associated with inefficient use of higher-level encoding and retrieval strategies, perhaps mediated by a disruption of fronto-basal ganglia systems. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, HIV Neurobehav Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. HIV Neurobehav Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Woods, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, HIV Neurobehav Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 150 W Washington St,2nd Floor, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM spwoods@ucsd.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA12065]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH59745, MH62512] NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19.1.36 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 137KA UT WOS:000244290300005 PM 17308225 ER PT J AU Mclay, RN Ho, J AF McLay, Robert N. Ho, Ju TI Posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms after treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mclay, RN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 92 EP 93 DI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19.1.92 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 137KA UT WOS:000244290300023 PM 17308243 ER PT J AU Muller, JG Rudolph, WG Lieske, JM Hernandez, JE Jan, MH Kubiak, G AF Muller, John G. Rudolph, W. Garry Lieske, Jonathan M. Hernandez, Jose E. Jan, Moore H. Kubiak, Gosia TI Changes in B-readings over time in the United States Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-REGRESSION ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE; SMOKING AB Objective: To study the impact of variability among B-readers on clinical occupational medicine. Methods: A total of 419,770 B-reading reports from February 1980 to May 2004 in the US Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program were analyzed for changes in category from the previous B-reading on each individual worker. Results: Over 7% of films were categorized as worse (ie, read as going from negative to positive), and over 6% were categorized as better. When profusion categories were reported as different from the previous reading (over 6% of the time), they were more frequently read as 2 or more minor categories worse or better. Conclusions: Changes from previous B-readings are common, and may have clinical and other implications, which are discussed. B-readings should not be used as the sole basis for determining the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. Mil Sealift Support Command, Norfolk, VA USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Mil Sealift Fleet Support Command, Ship Support Unit PSC 455, FPO, AP 96540 USA. RP Muller, JG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM mullerj@nehc.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31802df12c PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 137ET UT WOS:000244276500009 PM 17293759 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI Dangerous alliances: Proponents of peace, weapons of war. SO JOURNAL OF POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3816 J9 J POLIT JI J. Polit. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 128CT UT WOS:000243635400024 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Schroeder, Maria J. Ngai, Kia L. Roland, C. Michael TI The nearly constant loss, Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation, and alpha-relaxation of 1,4-polybutadiene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; glass transition; polybutadiene; relaxation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; SECONDARY RELAXATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; GLASS-FORMERS; POLYBUTADIENE; LIQUIDS AB From high-resolution dielectric spectroscopy measurements on 1,4-polybutadiene (1,4-PB), we show that in addition to the structural a-relaxation and higher frequency secondary relaxations in the spectra, a nearly constant loss (NCL) is observed at shorter times/lower temperatures. The properties of this NCL are compared to those of another chemically similar polymer, 1,4-polyisoprene. The secondary relaxations in 1,4-PB include the well-known Johari-Goldstein (JG) beta-relaxation and two other higher-frequency peaks. One of these, referred to as the gamma-relaxation, falls between the JG-relaxation and the NCL. Seen previously by others, this gamma-relaxation in 1,4-PB is not the JG-process and bears no relation to the glass transition. At very low temperatures (< 15 K), we confirm the existence of a very fast secondary relaxation, having a weak dielectric strength and an almost temperature-invariant relaxation time. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schroeder, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1002/polb.21051 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 125AV UT WOS:000243414800010 ER PT J AU Kusel, ET Siegmann, WL Collins, MD AF Kusel, Elizabeth T. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. TI A single-scattering correction for large contrasts in elastic layers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONSERVING PARABOLIC EQUATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; SLOPING INTERFACES; OCEAN; MEDIA AB The single-scattering solution is implemented in a formulation that makes it possible to accurately handle solid-solid interfaces with the parabolic equation method. Problems involving large contrasts across sloping stratigraphy can be handled by subdividing a vertical interface into a series of two or more scattering problems. The approach can handle complex layering and is applicable to a large class of seismic problems. The solution of the scattering problem is based on an iteration formula, which has improved convergence in the new formulation, and the transverse operator of the parabolic wave equation, which is implemented efficiently in terms of banded matrices. Accurate solutions can often be obtained by using only one iteration. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kusel, ET (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 808 EP 813 DI 10.1121/1.2404627 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 134VW UT WOS:000244113500012 PM 17348505 ER PT J AU Wilson, PS Reed, AH Wilbur, JC Roy, RA AF Wilson, Preston S. Reed, Allen H. Wilbur, Jed C. Roy, Ronald A. TI Evidence of dispersion in an artificial water-saturated sand sediment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND SPEED; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; FREQUENCY RANGE; ELASTIC WAVES; FLUID; ATTENUATION; REFLECTION; VELOCITY AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the speed of sound in an artificial water-saturated granular sediment composed of cleaned and sorted medium-grained sand and degassed distilled water. The experiment was conducted within a range of frequencies where dispersion is predicted by a number of existing models. Between 2 and 4 kHz, the sound speed was inferred from measurements of the resonance frequencies of a thin-walled cylindrical container filled with the material. An elastic waveguide model was used to account for the effect of the finite impedance of the walls, although this effect was found to be small. From 20 to 300 kHz, the sound speed was obtained directly from time-of-flight measurements within the sediment. Dispersion in close agreement with the Williams effective density fluid model [K. L. Williams, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2276-2281 (2001)] was observed. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wilson, PS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pswilson@mail.utexas.edu OI Roy, Ronald/0000-0001-6394-5667 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 824 EP 832 DI 10.1121/1.2404619 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 134VW UT WOS:000244113500014 PM 17348507 ER PT J AU Turner, SE AF Turner, Stephen E. TI Underwater implosion of glass spheres SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE; EXPLOSION; WATER AB Underwater implosion experiments were conducted with thin-wall glass spheres to determine the influence that structural failure has on the pressure pulse. Four experiments were conducted with glass spheres having an outside diameter of 7.62 cm, thickness of 0.762 mm, and an estimated buckling pressure of 7.57 MPa. The experiments were performed in a pressure vessel at a hydrostatic pressure of 6.996 MPa. The average peak pressure of the implosion pressure pulse was 26.1 MPa, measured at a radial distance of 10.16 cm from the sphere center. A computational fluid structure interaction model was developed to assess how the failure rate of the glass structure influences the pressure time history. The model employed a specified glass failure sequence that is uniform in time and space. It was found that for the conditions of the test, a glass failure rate of 275 m/s provided a reasonable representation of the test data. The test data and the model results show that the failure time history of the structure has a significant influence on an implosion pressure pulse. Computational prediction of an implosion pressure pulse needs to include the failure time history of the structure; otherwise it will overpredict the pressure time history. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Turner, SE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 1246,Code 4121, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.e.turnerl@navy.mil NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 844 EP 852 DI 10.1121/1.2404921 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 134VW UT WOS:000244113500016 PM 17348509 ER PT J AU Schecter, DA Montgomery, MT AF Schecter, David A. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Waves in a cloudy vortex SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; 2-DIMENSIONAL VORTEX; INTENSITY CHANGES; INVISCID FLUIDS AB This paper derives a system of equations that approximately govern small-amplitude perturbations in a nonprecipitating cloudy vortex. The cloud coverage can be partial or complete. The model is used to examine moist vortex Rossby wave dynamics analytically and computationally. One example shows that clouds can slow the growth of phase-locked counter-propagating vortex Rossby waves in the eyewall of a hurricane-like vortex. Another example shows that clouds can ( indirectly) damp discrete vortex Rossby waves that would otherwise grow and excite spiral inertia-gravity wave radiation from a monotonic cyclone at high Rossby number. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Schecter, DA (reprint author), NW Res Associates, 14508 NE 20th St, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. EM schecter@nwra.com NR 60 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 314 EP 337 DI 10.1175/JAS3849.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137EU UT WOS:000244276600004 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Wang, SP Smith, RB AF Jiang, Qingfang Doyle, James D. Wang, Shouping Smith, Ronald B. TI On boundary layer separation in the lee of mesoscale topography SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FRICTION; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; TURBULENT-FLOW; WAVE BREAKING; LOW HILLS; MOUNTAIN; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; VALLEYS; DEEP AB The onset of boundary layer separation ( BLS) forced by gravity waves in the lee of mesoscale topography is investigated based on a series of numerical simulations and analytical formulations. It is demonstrated that BLS forced by trapped waves is governed by a normalized ratio of the vertical velocity maximum to the surface wind speed; other factors such as the mountain height, mountain slope, or the leeside speedup factor are less relevant. The onset of BLS is sensitive to the surface sensible heat flux-a positive heat flux tends to increase the surface wind speed through enhancing the vertical momentum mixing and accordingly inhibits the occurrence of BLS, and a negative heat flux does the opposite. The wave forcing required to cause BLS decreases with an increase of the aerodynamical roughness z(o); a larger zo generates larger surface stress and weaker surface winds and therefore promotes BLS. In addition, BLS shows some sensitivity to the terrain geometry, which modulates the wave characteristics. For a wider ridge, a higher mountain is required to generate trapped waves with a wave amplitude comparable to that generated by a lower but narrower ridge. The stronger hydrostatic waves associated with the wider and higher ridge play only a minor role in the onset of BLS. It has been demonstrated that although hydrostatic waves generally do not directly induce BLS, undular bores may form associated with wave breaking in the lower troposphere, which in turn induce BLS. In addition, BLS could occur underneath undular jump heads or associate with trapped waves downstream of a jump head in the presence of a low-level inversion. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 401 EP 420 DI 10.1175/JAS3848.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137EU UT WOS:000244276600008 ER PT J AU Hariri, A Lopresti, DC Miller, FJ Kuo, MD AF Hariri, Arvin Lopresti, David C. Miller, Franklin J. Kuo, Michael D. TI Use of a novel mechanical rinsing and aspiration thrombectomy device for treatment of deep venous and arteriovenous graft thrombosis SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS THROMBECTOMY AB The KPS Rinspirator (Kerberos Proximal Solutions, Cupertino, Calif.) is a new thrombectomy device that operates by manually controlled, simultaneous, intravessel infusion and aspiration of fluid to cause localized clot dissolution. We evaluate the ability of the KPS Rinspirator to treat acute (<3 days) and subacute (3-7 days) deep venous and arteriovenous graft thrombosis in 4 patients and 13 vessels (2 arteriovenous grafts and 11 deep veins). Technical and clinical success was achieved in the two patients with acute arteriovenous graft thromboses. Therefore, in our experience, successful "rinspiration" was achieved in acute thrombosis of arteriovenous grafts. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Ctr Translat Med Syst, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Kuo, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM mkuo@ucsd.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jvir.2006.12.718 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 143PY UT WOS:000244736200020 PM 17327568 ER PT J AU Crosby, RT Jones, KS Law, ME Radic, L Thompson, PE Liu, J AF Crosby, R. T. Jones, K. S. Law, M. E. Radic, L. Thompson, P. E. Liu, J. TI Interaction of ion-implantation-induced interstitials in B-doped SiGe SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE SiGe; ion-implantation; annealing; dislocation loops; transient enhanced diffusion ID BORON-DIFFUSION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; EVOLUTION; CLUSTERS; SI1-XGEX; ALLOYS; STRAIN AB B-doped Si0.77Ge0.23 of various surface-doping levels was used to investigate the evolution of implant damage and the corresponding transient enhanced diffusion of boron as a function of boron concentration. These layers were implanted with a non-amorphizing 60 keV, 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) Si, and annealed at 750 degrees C. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy (PTEM) confirmed the formation and dissolution of dislocation loops. Transient enhanced diffusion (TED) is evident in the surface doped SiGe, but the low diffusivity of interstitials in Si0.77Ge0.23 and the presence of interstitial traps inhibited TED at the deeper B marker layer. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, SWAMP Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Crosby, RT (reprint author), Univ Florida, SWAMP Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM robert.t.crosby@intel.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2007.01.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 164ZF UT WOS:000246272800001 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP AF Buchanan, James L. Gilbert, Robert P. TI Determination of the parameters of cancellous bone using high frequency acoustic measurements SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; cancellous bone; poroelastic media; Biot model; inverse problem; parallel processing; simplex method ID ULTRASONIC WAVE-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC WAVES; IN-VITRO; RANGE AB The Biot model is widely used to model poroelastic media. Several authors have tested its applicability to cancellous bone, but to do so requires a priori estimation of the parameters of the Biot model, which is an uncertain and expensive endeavor. A method of computing acoustic pressure in the low 100 kHz range is developed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gilbert, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gilbert@math.udel.edu NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2006.05.007 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 127RD UT WOS:000243603100005 ER PT J AU Henry, KM Jiang, J Rozmajzl, PJ Azad, AF Macaluso, KR Richards, AL AF Henry, Katherine M. Jiang, Ju Rozmajzl, Patrick J. Azad, Abdu F. Macaluso, Kevin R. Richards, Allen L. TI Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia typhi; Rickettsia felis; murine typhus; flea-borne spotted fever; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COLONIZED CAT FLEAS; THAI-MYANMAR BORDER; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS; BARTONELLA-QUINTANA; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; INFECTION; BOUCHE; CLARRIDGEIAE AB Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis are the etiologic agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever, respectively. We have constructed two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to detect these pathogenic rickettsiae. The qPCR assays were developed utilizing unique sequences of the R. typhi and R. felis outer membrane protein B genes (ompB) to design the specific primers and molecular beacon probes. The assays were found to be species-specific and did not yield false-positive reactions with nucleic acid from other rickettsiae, orientiae, neorickettsiae or unrelated bacteria. In addition, the assays were sensitive enough to detect three target sequence copies per reaction and were capable of detecting R. typhi and R. felis nucleic acid in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. These results demonstrate that two sensitive and specific qPCR assays have been successfully developed to detect and enumerate R. typhi and R. felis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI17828] NR 45 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.06.002 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 127MO UT WOS:000243590600004 PM 16893625 ER PT J AU Ngodock, HE Smith, SR Jacobs, GA AF Ngodock, H. E. Smith, S. R. Jacobs, G. A. TI Cycling the representer algorithm for variational data assimilation with the Lorenz attractor SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED INVERSION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; MODEL; EQUATION; SYSTEMS AB Realistic dynamic systems are often strongly nonlinear, particularly those for the ocean and atmosphere. Applying variational data assimilation to these systems requires a tangent linearization of the nonlinear dynamics about a background state for the cost function minimization. The tangent linearization may be accurate for limited time scales. Here it is proposed that linearized assimilation systems may be accurate if the assimilation time period is less than the tangent linear accuracy time limit. In this paper, the cycling representer method is used to test this assumption with the Lorenz attractor. The outer loops usually required to accommodate the linear assimilation for a nonlinear problem may be dropped beyond the early cycles once the solution ( and forecast used as the background in the tangent linearization) is sufficiently accurate. The combination of cycling the representer method and limiting the number of outer loops significantly lowers the cost of the overall assimilation problem. In addition, this study shows that weak constraint assimilation corrects tangent linear model inaccuracies and allows extension of the limited assimilation period. Hence, the weak constraint outperforms the strong constraint method. Assimilated solution accuracy at the first cycle end is computed as a function of the initial condition error, model parameter perturbation magnitude, and outer loops. Results indicate that at least five outer loops are needed to achieve solution accuracy in the first cycle for the selected error range. In addition, this study clearly shows that one outer loop in the first cycle does not preclude accuracy convergence in future cycles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ngodock, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1175/MWR3281.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 134RU UT WOS:000244102400009 ER PT J AU Fischer, AE Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR Stroud, RM Long, JW AF Fischer, Anne E. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Rolison, Debra R. Stroud, Rhonda M. Long, Jeffrey W. TI Incorporation of homogeneous, nanoscale MnO2 within ultraporous carbon structures via self-limiting electroless deposition: Implications for electrochemical capacitors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS MANGANESE OXIDE; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; THIN-FILMS; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; DISCHARGE PROCESS; ACETYLENE BLACK; BORATE SOLUTION; SUPERCAPACITORS; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES AB The self-limiting reaction of aqueous permanganate with carbon nanofoams produces conformal, nanoscopic deposits of birnessite ribbons and amorphous MnO2 throughout the ultraporous carbon structure. The MnO2 coating contributes additional capacitance to the carbon nanofoam while maintaining the favorable high-rate electrochemical performance inherent to the ultraporous carbon structure of the nanofoam. Such a three-dimensional design exploits the benefits of a nanoscopic MnO2-carbon interface to produce an exceptionally high area-normalized capacitance (1.5 F cm(-2)), as well as high volumetric capacitance (90 F cm(-3)). C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 48 TC 400 Z9 402 U1 20 U2 202 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1021/nl062263i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136EX UT WOS:000244206500012 PM 17297991 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Schmidt, T Worschech, L Forchel, A Bacher, G Passow, T Hommel, D AF Scheibner, Michael Schmidt, Thomas Worschech, Lukas Forchel, Alfred Bacher, Gerd Passow, Thorsten Hommel, Detlef TI Superradiance of quantum dots SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; EMISSION; EXCITONS; SYSTEM; SPINS AB In 1954, Dicke pointed out that the description of a spontaneously radiating gas has to include the fact that all atoms or molecules interact with a common radiation field(1). Consequently, the individual particles may not be considered as independent sources of radiation. In this regard, the question arises of whether quantum dot (QD) systems may also exhibit signatures of cooperative radiation and hence have to be considered as coupled quantum systems. Here, we present experimental evidence for a long-range electromagnetic interaction between laterally arranged QDs. The experimental results suggest that the QDs do not behave like independent objects as long as they form an ensemble of QDs. By removing QDs from the sample, we found that the coupling was reduced. The range of interaction is shown to be at least 150 nm. This may therefore provide a mechanism to couple discrete quantum objects on a large scale. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Bremen, Inst Festkorperphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.scheibner@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de OI Scheibner, Michael/0000-0003-3234-1902; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 27 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1038/nphys494 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141DR UT WOS:000244558300015 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wang, HY Wang, Q Forest, MG AF Zhou, Hong Wang, Hongyun Wang, Qi Forest, M. Gregory TI Characterization of stable kinetic equilibria of rigid, dipolar rod ensembles for coupled dipole-dipole and Maier-Saupe potentials SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; MAGNETIC DISPERSIONS; NEMATIC POLYMERS; STATES AB We study equilibria of the Smoluchowski equation for rigid, dipolar rod ensembles where the intermolecular potential couples the dipole-dipole interaction and the Maier-Saupe interaction. We thereby extend previous analytical results for the decoupled case of the dipolar potential only (Fatkullin and Slastikov 2005 Nonlinearity 18 2565-80; Ji et al Phys. Fluids at press; Wang et al 2005 Commun. Math. Sci. 3 605-20) or the Maier-Saupe potential only (Constantin et al 2004 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 174 365-84; Constantin et al 2004 Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 11 101-12; Constantin and Vukadinovic 2005 Nonlinearity 18 441-3; Constantin 2005 Commun. Math. Sci. 3 531-44; Fatkullin and Slastikov 2005 Commun. Math. Sci. 3 21-6; Liu et al 2005 Commun. Math. Sci. 3 201-18; Luo et al 2005 Nonlinearity 18 379-89; Zhou et al 2005 Nonlinearity 18 2815-25; Zhou and Wang Commun. Math. Sci. at press), and prove certain numerical observations for equilibria of coupled potentials (Ji et al Phys. Fluids at press). We first derive stability conditions, on the magnitude of the polarity vector (the first moment of the orientational probability distribution function) and on the direction of the polarity. We then prove that all stable equilibria of rigid, dipolar rod dispersions are either isotropic or prolate uniaxial. In particular, all stable anisotropic equilibrium distributions admit the following remarkable symmetry: the peak axis of orientation is aligned with both the polarity vector (first moment) and the distinguished director of the uniaxial second moment tensor. The stability is essential in establishing the axisymmetry. To demonstrate that the stability is indeed required, we show that there exist unstable non-axisymmetric equilibria. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Nankai Univ, Sch Math, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 277 EP 297 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/20/2/003 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 129SO UT WOS:000243750600003 ER PT J AU Namazi, N Burris, R Gilbreath, GC AF Namazi, Nader Burris, Ray, Jr. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine TI Analytical approach to the calculation of probability of bit error and optimum thresholds in free-space optical communication SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE free-space optical communication; detection; wavelet transformation; Haar wavelet; ternary hypotheses; optimum thresholding; bit error AB Based on wavelet transformation and adaptive Wiener filtering, a new method was presented by the authors to perform synchronization and detection of binary data from a free-space optical (FSO) signal. It was shown prevlously that the Haar wavelet with a fixed scale is an excellent choice for this purpose. The output of the filter was zero mean and was closely related to the derivative of the binary data. In this effort, an analysis of the prior work is presented to obtain the probability of bit error using a Bayesian ternary hypotheses testing. The analysis also results in determining optimum thresholds for the detection of binary data. Simulation experiments are performed and presented to validate the results of the theoretical analysis. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Namazi, N (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM namazi@cua.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1117/1.2709628 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 155YD UT WOS:000245613800025 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Carstairs, KL AF Carstairs, Shaun D. Carstairs, Keri L. TI Emergency department presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; ADEM; altered mental status ID INFECTION; CHILDHOOD; FEATURES; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MRI AB Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an acute demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that usually occurs in children and young adults. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with acutely altered mental status. Standard workup including head computed tomography, lumbar puncture, and routine chemistries was unrevealing. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Response to treatment with steroids was dramatic. Both the rapidity of onset and resolution of this patient's symptoms are unusual for the course of this disease. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34-800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM shaunc@yahoo.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3180302bf9 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 138IE UT WOS:000244355500009 PM 17351411 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Reed, AH Braithwaite, E Seyfarth, R Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, R. B. Reed, Allen H. Braithwaite, Edward Seyfarth, Ray Gettrust, J. F. TI Flow through a laboratory sediment sample by computer simulation modeling SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE porous medium formed by quartz sands; interacting lattice gas; computer simulation; driven flow ID OPEN POROUS-MEDIUM AB A laboratory sediment sample is digitized by X-ray computed tomography system to obtain a host matrix of size 1003 of porosity 0.282. Flow through the porous medium is studied by an interacting lattice gas model for fluid driven by pressure bias. The bias H(0 <= H <= 1) is implemented via soft and hard pressure constraints in selecting the stochastic movement of fluid particles. The response of fluid flux density to bias H is nearly linear with soft pressure; it becomes nonmonotonic with the hard pressure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Comp, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.08.030 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127XZ UT WOS:000243621000001 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Fatemi, FK Reintjes, J Steiner, M AF Bashkansky, Mark Dutton, Zachary Fatemi, Fredrik K. Reintjes, John Steiner, Michael TI Demonstration of bicolor slow-light channelization in rubidium vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC VAPORS; ARCHITECTURE; GAS AB We experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle of a previously proposed "channelization" architecture for wideband slow-light propagation in atomic vapors using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We use two optical frequencies to generate a sine wave signal which is delayed in rubidium vapor. The optical frequencies were tuned near the EIT resonances of two Zeeman sublevels, which are shifted from each other well beyond the EIT linewidth by a uniform magnetic field. We varied the Zeeman shift between these two levels (relative to the optical frequency splitting) and measured the delay versus Zeeman shift. Significant delays were observed and were in agreement with a theoretical model treating each Zeeman sublevel as part of an independent three-level system. We achieved delay of a signal with a bandwidth 16 times the EIT linewidth and confirmed our earlier theoretical models that delay occurs only when the optical spectral separation slightly exceeds the Zeeman splitting. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil OI Steiner, Michael/0000-0003-3199-0935 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.021401 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300008 ER PT J AU Thanvanthri, S Dutton, Z AF Thanvanthri, Sulakshana Dutton, Zachary TI Spatial dynamics and spin squeezing in Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BINARY-MIXTURES; STATES; PHASE; SEPARATION AB We develop a cumulant based formalism to deterministically calculate the lowest order quantum fluctuations of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. We use this to study spin squeezing induced by the atom-atom interaction nonlinearity. Our formalism naturally accounts for the multimode spatial description of the condensate, extending previous spin squeezing work which assumed a single spatial mode. We study spin squeezing in both the miscible and immiscible (phase separating) regimes for the scattering lengths. In the miscible regime, we find the squeezing parameter deviates very little from the single spatial mode approach, while in the phase separating regime, we find the squeezing is slightly reduced, though significant squeezing still occurs. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thanvanthri, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM su1@umbc.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 023618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.023618 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300123 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Lawler, HM White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. Lawler, H. M. White, C. T. TI Room-temperature ballistic transport in narrow graphene strips SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOGRAPHITE RIBBONS; BACK SCATTERING; BERRYS PHASE; EDGE; DISORDER; ABSENCE; STATES AB We investigate electron-phonon couplings, scattering rates, and mean free paths in zigzag-edge graphene strips with widths of the order of 10 nm. Our calculations for these graphene nanostrips show both the expected similarity with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and the suppression of the electron-phonon scattering due to a Dirichlet boundary condition that prohibits one major backscattering channel present in SWNTs. Low-energy acoustic phonon scattering is exponentially small at room temperature due to the large phonon wave vector required for backscattering. We find within our model that the electron-phonon mean free path is proportional to the width of the nanostrip and is approximately 70 mu m for an 11-nm-wide nanostrip. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 8 AR 085418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.085418 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140VC UT WOS:000244533800077 ER PT J AU Liu, AY Mazin, II AF Liu, Amy Y. Mazin, I. I. TI Combining the advantages of superconducting MgB2 and CaC6 in one material: Suggestions from first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; APPROXIMATION AB We show that a recently predicted layered phase of lithium monoboride Li2B2 combines the key mechanism for strong electron-phonon coupling in MgB2 (i.e., interaction of covalent B sigma bands with B bond-stretching modes) with the dominant coupling mechanism in CaC6 (i.e., interaction of free-electron-like interlayer states with soft intercalant modes). Yet, surprisingly, the electron-phonon coupling in Li2B2 is calculated to be weaker than in either MgB2 or CaC6. We demonstrate that this is due to the accidental absence of B pi states at the Fermi level in Li2B2. In MgB2, the pi electrons play an indirect but important role in strengthening the coupling of sigma electrons. Doping Li2B2 to restore pi electrons at the Fermi level is expected to lead to a new superconductor that could surpass MgB2 in T-c. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, AY (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064510 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000077 ER PT J AU Landsman, AS Schwartz, IB AF Landsman, Alexandra S. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Complete chaotic synchronization in mutually coupled time-delay systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; LASERS AB Complete chaotic synchronization of end lasers has been observed in a line of mutually coupled, time-delayed system of three lasers, with no direct communication between the end lasers. The present paper uses ideas from generalized synchronization to explain the complete synchronization in the presence of long coupling delays, applied to a model of mutually coupled semiconductor lasers in a line. These ideas significantly simplify the analysis by casting the stability in terms of the local dynamics of each laser. The variational equations near the synchronization manifold are analyzed, and used to derive the synchronization condition that is a function of parameters. The results explain and predict the dependence of synchronization on various parameters, such as time delays, strength of coupling and dissipation. The ideas can be applied to understand complete synchronization in other chaotic systems with coupling delays and no direct communication between synchronized subsystems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonliner Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landsman, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonliner Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alandsma@cantor.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 026201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.026201 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UK UT WOS:000244532000015 PM 17358399 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Sereno, NS Rule, DW Yao, CY AF Lumpkin, A. H. Berg, W. J. Sereno, N. S. Rule, D. W. Yao, C. -Y. TI Near-field imaging of optical diffraction radiation generated by a 7-GeV electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS; SIZE AB We report the first unambiguous demonstration of near-field imaging of optical diffraction radiation (ODR). The source of the ODR was an aluminum metal reflective surface with a 7-GeV electron beam passing nearby its single edge. Because of the high Lorentz factor gamma involved, appreciable ODR is emitted at visible wavelengths even for impact parameters of 1 to 2 mm, so standard imaging techniques were employed. The experimental results are compared to a simple near-field model. We show that the ODR signals are sensitive to both beam size and position. Applications to multi-GeV beams in transport lines in the major synchrotron radiation facilities, x-ray free-electron lasers, energy recovering linacs, and the International Linear Collider are possible. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 022802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.022802 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900007 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Chong, YK Davis, J Chittenden, J Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Nelson, AJ Franklin, J LePell, PD Apruzese, JP Levine, J Banister, J Qi, N AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. Velikovich, A. L. Clark, R. W. Chong, Y. K. Davis, J. Chittenden, J. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. LePell, P. D. Apruzese, J. P. Levine, J. Banister, J. Qi, N. TI Neutron production and implosion characteristics of a deuterium gas-puff Z pinch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-VELOCITY; WIRE; ACCELERATOR; RADIATION; TITANIUM; FUSION; DRIVE; ARGON; POWER AB Experiments on the Z accelerator with deuterium gas puff implosions have produced up to 3.9x10(13) (+/- 20%) neutrons at 2.34 MeV (+/- 0.10 MeV). Experimentally, the mechanism for generating these neutrons has not been definitively identified through isotropy measurements, but activation diagnostics suggest multiple mechanisms may be responsible. One-, two-, and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations have indicated that thermonuclear outputs from Z could be expected to be in the (0.3-1.0)x10(14) range. X-ray diagnostics of plasma conditions, fielded to look at dopant materials in the deuterium, have shown that the stagnated deuterium plasma achieved electron temperatures of 2.2 keV and ion densities of 2x10(20) cm(-3), in agreement with the MHD calculations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. L3 Commun, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 35 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022706 DI 10.1063/1.2446177 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300031 ER PT J AU Failor, BH Sze, HM Banister, JW Levine, JS Qi, N Apruzese, JP Lojewski, DY AF Failor, B. H. Sze, H. M. Banister, J. W. Levine, J. S. Qi, N. Apruzese, J. P. Lojewski, D. Y. TI K-shell and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopic signatures of structured Ar puff Z-pinch loads with high K-shell x-ray yield SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IMPLODING PLASMA-DENSITY; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; RADIATION SOURCES; NOZZLES AB Structured 12-cm-diam Ar gas-puff loads have recently produced Z-pinch implosions with reduced Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth and increased K-shell x-ray yield [H. Sze, J. Banister, B. H. Failor, J. S. Levine, N. Qi, A. L. Velikovich, J. Davis, D. Lojewski, and P. Sincerny, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 105001 (2005)]. To better understand the dynamics of these loads, we have measured the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission resolved radially, spectrally, and axially. Radial measurements indicated a compressed diameter of approximate to 3 mm, consistent with the observed load inductance change and an imploded-mass consisting of a approximate to 1.5-mm-diam, hot, K-shell-emitting core and a cooler surrounding blanket. Spectral measurements indicate that, if the load is insufficiently heated, then radiation from the core will rapidly photoheat the outer blanket, producing a strong increase in XUV emission. Also, adding a massive center jet (>= 20% of load mass) increases the rise and fall times of the XUV emission to >= 40 ns, consistent with a more adiabatic compression and heating of the load. Axial measurements show that, despite differences in the XUV and K-shell emission time histories, the K-shell x-ray yield is insensitive to axial variations in load mass. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Failor, BH (reprint author), L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022703 DI 10.1063/1.2426919 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300028 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Davis, J Chong, YK Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Nelson, AJ Franklin, J Rudakov, LI AF Velikovich, A. L. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Chong, Y. K. Deeney, C. Coverdale, C. A. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. Rudakov, L. I. TI Z-pinch plasma neutron sources SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LINEAR DEUTERIUM PINCHES; K-SHELL RADIATION; X-RAY-EMISSION; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; TRANSPORT; DENSITY; TARGETS; MODEL AB A deuterium gas-puff load imploded by a multi-MA current driver from a large initial diameter could be a powerful source of fusion neutrons, a plasma neutron source (PNS). Unlike the beam-target neutrons produced in Z-pinch plasmas in the 1950s and deuterium-fiber experiments in the 1980s, the neutrons generated in deuterium gas-puffs with current levels achieved in recent experiments on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories could contain a substantial fraction of thermonuclear origin. For recent deuterium gas-puff shots on Z, our analytic estimates and one- and two-dimensional simulations predict thermal neutron yields similar to 3x10(13), in fair agreement with the yields recently measured on Z [C. A. Coverdale , Phys. Plasmas (to be published)]. It is demonstrated that the hypothesis of a beam-target origin of the observed fusion neutrons implies a very high Z-pinch-driver-to-fast-ions energy transfer efficiency, 5 to 10%, which would make a multi-MA deuterium Z-pinch the most efficient light-ion accelerator. No matter what mechanism is eventually determined to be responsible for generating fusion neutrons in deuterium gas-puff shots on Z, the deuterium neutron yield is shown to scale as Y-n similar to I-m(4), where I-m is the peak current of the pinch. Theoretical estimates and numerical modeling of deuterium gas-puff implosions demonstrate that the yields of thermonuclear fusion neutrons that can be produced on ZR and the next-generation machines are sufficiently high to make PNS the most powerful, cost- and energy-efficient laboratory sources of 2.5-14 MeV fusion neutrons, just like plasma radiation sources are the most powerful sources of soft and keV x rays. In particular, the predicted deuterium-tritium thermal neutron-producing capability of PNS driven by the next-generation ZR and ZX accelerators is similar to 5x10(16) and similar to 10(18), respectively. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 71 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1063/1.2435322 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300026 ER PT J AU Twomey, CP AF Twomey, Christopher P. TI Making China policy: From Nixon to G. W. Bush. SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Twomey, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00558.x PG 4 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 128NT UT WOS:000243665300013 ER PT J AU Pope, HG Poliakoff, MB Parker, MP Boynes, M Hudson, JI AF Pope, Harrison G., Jr. Poliakoff, Michael B. Parker, Michael P. Boynes, Matthew Hudson, James I. TI Is dissociative amnesia a culture-bound syndrome? Findings from a survey of historical literature SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background. Natural human psychological phenomena, such as depression, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations and dementia, are documented across the ages in both fictional and non-fictional works. We asked whether 'dissociative amnesia' was similarly documented throughout history. Method. We advertised in three languages on more than 30 Internet web sites and discussion groups, and also in print, offering US$1000 to the first individual who could find a case of dissociative amnesia for a traumatic event in any fictional or non-fictional work before 1800. Results. Our search generated more than 100 replies; it produced numerous examples of ordinary forgetfulness, infantile amnesia and biological amnesia throughout works in English, other European languages., Latin, Greek, Arabic, Sanskrit and Chinese before 1800, but no descriptions of individuals showing dissociative amnesia for a traumatic event. Conclusions. If dissociative amnesia for traumatic events were a natural psychological phenomenon, an innate capacity of the brain, then throughout the millennia before 1800, individuals would presumably have witnessed such cases and portrayed them in non-fictional works or in fictional characters. The absence of cases before 1800 cannot reasonably be explained by arguing that our ancestors understood or described psychological phenomena so differently as to make them unrecognizable to modern readers because spontaneous complete amnesia for a major traumatic event, in an otherwise lucid individual, is so graphic that it would be recognizable even through a dense veil of cultural interpretation. Therefore, it appears that dissociative amnesia is not a natural neuro psychological phenomenon, but instead a culture-bound syndrome, dating from the nineteenth century. C1 McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. United State Naval Acad, English Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Pope, HG (reprint author), McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM hpope@mclean.harvard.edu NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1017/S0033291706009500 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 137AG UT WOS:000244264600006 PM 17156503 ER PT J AU Duriscoe, DM Luginbuhl, CB Moore, CA AF Duriscoe, Dan M. Luginbuhl, Christian B. Moore, Chadwick A. TI Measuring night-sky brightness with a wide-field CCD camera SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION; MAUNA-KEA; CALIFORNIA; CATALOG; SITES AB We describe a system for rapidly measuring the brightness of the night sky using a mosaic of CCD images obtained with a low-cost automated system. The portable system produces millions of independent photometric measurements covering the entire sky, enabling the detailed characterization of natural sky conditions and light domes produced by cities. The measurements are calibrated using images of standard stars contained within the raw data, producing results closely tracking the Johnson V astronomical standard. The National Park Service has collected hundreds of data sets at numerous parks since 2001 and is using these data for the protection and monitoring of the night-sky visual resource. This system also allows comprehensive characterization of sky conditions at astronomical observatories. We explore photometric issues raised by the broadband measurement of the complex and variable night-sky spectrum, and potential indices of night-sky quality. C1 Death Valley Natl Pk, Death Valley, CA USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Bryce Canyon Natl Pk, Bryce Canyon, UT USA. RP Duriscoe, DM (reprint author), Death Valley Natl Pk, Death Valley, CA USA. EM dan_duriscoe@nps.gov; cbl@nofs.navy.mil; chad_moore@nps.gov NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 852 BP 192 EP 213 DI 10.1086/512069 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138TS UT WOS:000244386200007 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Kurihara, LK Imam, MA AF Gold, Steven H. Bruce, Ralph W. Fliflet, Arne W. Lewis, David, III Kurihara, Lynn K. Imam, M. A. TI System for continuous production of nanophase materials using a microwave-driven polyol process SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; NANOPARTICLES; POWDERS AB A prototype system is described for the large scale, continuous production of nanophase metals, metal oxides, and other nanophase materials using the polyol process. The polyol process employs an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol to reduce a metal oxide/metal salt at high temperature to the metal oxide or metal. The system employs a 6 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave source to rapidly heat the continuously flowing solution to a desired process temperature as it flows through a silica tube placed along the center line of a section of waveguide.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RWBruce Associates Inc, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 AR 023901 DI 10.1063/1.2435588 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140UG UT WOS:000244531600022 PM 17578117 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS AF Chandrasekhara, M. S. TI Compressible dynamic stall vorticity flux control using a dynamic camber airfoil SO SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flow Control and Diagnostics CY FEB 19-22, 2006 CL Orange Cty, CA DE compressible dynamic stall; unsteady vorticity control; camber effects flow control AB This study reports control of compressible dynamic stall through management of its unsteady vorticity using a variable droop leading edge (VDLE) airfoil. Through dynamic adaptation of the airfoil edge incidence, the formation In of a dynamic stall vortex was virtually eliminated for Mach numbers of up to 0(.)4. Consequently, the leading edge vorticity flux was redistributed enabling retention of the dynamic lift. Of even greater importance was the fact that the drag and pitching moment coefficients were reduced by nearly 50%. The camber variations introduced when the leading edge was drooped are explained to be the source of this benefit. Analysis of the peak vorticity flux levels allowed the determination of minimum necessary airfoil adaptation schedule. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mchandra@nps.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0256-2499 J9 SADHANA-ACAD P ENG S JI Sadhana-Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci. PD FEB-APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s12046-007-0008-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 180SP UT WOS:000247386400009 ER PT J AU Leweling, TA Nissen, ME AF Leweling, Tara A. Nissen, Mark E. TI Defining and exploring the terrorism field: Toward an intertheoretic, agent-based approach SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Drawing upon organizational design, contingency, and field theory, we outline a conceptual model for studying terrorism at thefield level and argue that existing computational organizational theory could be extended to enable such inquiry. We introduce the terrorism field as the system of dynamic interaction between the terrorism, counterterrorism and political governance industries, defining the overarching functions of each. We then argue that intertheoretic, field-level inquiry could lead to explicit conceptual and computational models with significant benefits for researchers and policy makers, to include enhancing understanding of the proximate environmental conditions that are deleterious to the use of terrorism by political challengers. Using POW-ER, an illustrative fieldlevel case of a basic terrorist attack is then modeled based on two archetypes of terrorist organizational forms emerging from the new terrorism debate: 1) hierarchy and 2) network, and two treatments: 1) applying counterterrorism techniques and 2) reducing knowledge within the terrorist organization. Preliminary findings compared to the baseline case are discussed, as well as implications for future research. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Informat Sci PhD Program, Monterey, CA USA. Knowledge Management Res & Practice, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Informat Sci PhD Program, Monterey, CA USA. EM taleweli@nps.edu; MNissen@nps.edu NR 64 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 165 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2006.07.011 PG 28 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 142IP UT WOS:000244643200005 ER PT J AU Cioppa, TM Lucas, TW AF Cioppa, Thomas M. Lucas, Thomas W. TI Efficient nearly orthogonal and space-filling Latin hypercubes SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE experimental design; Latin hypercube; orthogonal; simulation; space-filling ID SEQUENTIAL BIFURCATION; COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; SIMULATION; DESIGNS; MODELS AB This article presents an algorithm for constructing orthogonal Latin hypercubes, given a fixed sample size, in more dimensions than previous approaches. In addition, we detail a method that dramatically improves the space-filling properties of the resultant Latin hypercubes at the expense of inducing small correlations between the columns in the design matrix. Although the designs are applicable to many situations, they were developed to provide Department of Defense analysts flexibility in fitting models when exploring high-dimensional computer simulations where there is considerable a priori uncertainty about the forms of the response surfaces. C1 US Army Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cioppa, TM (reprint author), US Army Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM thomas.cioppa@us.army.mil; twlucas@nps.edu NR 42 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1198/004017006000000453 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 132PK UT WOS:000243954500005 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Nielsen, K Covert, DS Jonsson, HH Durkee, PA AF Hegg, D. A. Nielsen, K. Covert, D. S. Jonsson, H. H. Durkee, P. A. TI Factors influencing the mesoscale variations in marine stratocumulus albedo SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; WATER CLOUDS; AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB Measurements of both horizontal gradients and vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud droplets and thermodynamic parameters in the cloud topped marine boundary layer off of central California are presented. They suggest that, while aerosols can indeed modulate cloud albedo, other parameters such as sea surface temperature may similarly affect cloud albedo. Additionally, the impact of aerosols, through sedimentation and precipitation, on cloud optical depths and thus albedo is not always in accord with conventional expectations and can either enhance or decrease the albedo, depending on ambient conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that current estimates of indirect forcing by aerosols could be significantly in error. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, MS 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00231.x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128TH UT WOS:000243681100007 ER PT J AU Smith, EA Blackman, VS Malone, RE AF Smith, Elizabeth A. Blackman, Viginia S. Malone, Ruth E. TI Death at a discount: how the tobacco industry thwarted tobacco control policies in US military commissaries SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Review AB Background: The US military is perhaps the only retailer consistently losing money on tobacco. Military stores ( commissaries and exchanges) have long sold discount- priced cigarettes, while the Department of Defense ( DoD) pays directly for tobacco- related healthcare costs of many current and former customers. Tobacco use also impairs short- term troop readiness. Objective: To examine the long struggle to raise commissary tobacco prices and the tobacco industry's role in this policy effort. Methods: Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents, searches of government and military websites and newspaper databases, and interviews with key informants identified in the documents. Results: Efforts to raise commissary tobacco prices began in the mid- 1980s. Opposition quickly emerged. Some military officials viewed tobacco use as a "right'' and low prices as a "benefit''. Others raised issues of authority, and some saw the change as threatening the stores. The tobacco industry successfully exploited complex relationships among the Congress, the DoD, commissaries, exchanges and private industry, obstructing change for over a decade. Leadership from the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries of Defense, presidential support and procedural manoeuvring finally resulted in a modest price increase in 1996, but even then, high- level military officials were apparently threatened with retaliation from pro- tobacco Congressmen. Conclusions: The longstanding military tradition of cheap cigarettes persists because of the politics of the military sales system, the perception within the military of tobacco use as a right, and tobacco industry pressures. Against its own best interests, the US military still makes tobacco available to service members at prices below those in the civilian sector. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Social & Behav Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Box 0612, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM libby.smith@ucsf.edu OI Smith, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4712-513X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA109153, R01 CA109153, R01 CA109153-01] NR 122 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.017350 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135SF UT WOS:000244172600016 PM 17297072 ER PT J AU Rentas, F Harman, R Gomez, C Salata, J Childs, J Silva, T Lippert, L Montgomery, J Richards, A Chan, C Jiang, J Reddy, H Li, J Goodrich, R AF Rentas, Francisco Harman, Ronald Gomez, Charlotte Salata, Jeanne Childs, Joseph Silva, Tonya Lippert, Lloyd Montgomery, Joshua Richards, Allen Chan, Chye Jiang, Ju Reddy, Heather Li, John Goodrich, Raymond TI Inactivation of Orientia tsutsugamushi in red blood cells, plasma, and platelets with riboflavin and light, as demonstrated in an animal model SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN-REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY; ULTRAVIOLET-A-LIGHT; SCRUB TYPHUS; PHOTOCHEMICAL INACTIVATION; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; TRANSFUSION; AMOTOSALEN; COMPONENTS; INFECTION; SYSTEM AB Background: Treatment of blood products with riboflavin and light has been used to reduce the number of certain pathogens. Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi, the scrub typhus agent, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that grows free in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This study evaluated the capability of riboflavin and light to inactivate O. tsutsugamushi in red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma, as measured by mouse infectivity. Study Design amd Methods: A total of 108 mice, equally divided into groups receiving RBCs, plasma, and PLTs, received untreated products infected with 10(0) to 10(5) organisms. Eighteen mice received products infected with 10(5) organisms and were subsequently treated with riboflavin and light. Mice were monitored daily for up to 17 days for signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., lethargy, labored breathing, rough coat) and killed upon appearance of symptoms or on Day 17 after infection. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood and Giemsa stains from peritoneal exudates were performed. Results: A total of 102 of 108 mice receiving the untreated products developed signs and symptoms of infection and had positive PCR and Giemsa stain results. None of the 18 animals receiving riboflavin and light-treated blood products exhibited signs or symptoms of infection, nor was infection observed by PCR testing or Giemsa staining. Conclusions: Riboflavin and light are effective in reducing O. tsutsugamushi. Mice injected with blood products inoculated with 10(5) organisms and treated with riboflavin and light did not experience any signs or symptoms of infection, 17 days after inoculation. A 5-log reduction of this organism in blood was achieved as assayed in an animal model. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Blood Serv Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Navigant Biotechnol Inc, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Rentas, F (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Blood Serv Sect, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM frank.rentas@us.army.mil NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01094.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 128DQ UT WOS:000243638400012 PM 17302769 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP Knaff, JA Berger, HI Herndon, DC Cram, TA Velden, CS Murnane, RJ Hawkins, JD AF Kossin, James P. Knaff, John A. Berger, Howard I. Herndon, Derrick C. Cram, Thomas A. Velden, Christopher S. Murnane, Richard J. Hawkins, Jeffrey D. TI Estimating hurricane wind structure in the absence of aircraft reconnaissance SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; CLOUD-DRIFT WINDS; PART I; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; SURFACE WINDS; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; INFRARED IMAGERY; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA AB New objective methods are introduced that use readily available data to estimate various aspects of the two-dimensional surface wind field structure in hurricanes. The methods correlate a variety of wind field metrics to combinations of storm intensity, storm position, storm age, and information derived from geostationary satellite infrared (IR) imagery. The first method estimates the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in special cases when a clear symmetric eye is identified in the IR imagery. The second method estimates RMW, and the additional critical wind radii of 34-, 50-, and 64-kt winds for the general case with no IR scene-type constraint. The third method estimates the entire two-dimensional surface wind field inside a storm-centered disk with a radius of 182 km. For each method, it is shown that the inclusion of infrared satellite data measurably reduces error. All of the methods can be transitioned to an operational setting or can be used as a postanalysis tool. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, Risk Predict Initiat, Garrett Park, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kossin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Kossin, James/D-3929-2011; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Murnane, Richard/G-7039-2015 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Murnane, Richard/0000-0002-9744-8471 NR 54 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1175/WAF985.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138ZN UT WOS:000244401900006 ER PT J AU Liu, M Westphal, DL Walker, AL Holt, TR Richardson, KA Miller, SD AF Liu, Ming Westphal, Douglas L. Walker, Annette L. Holt, Teddy R. Richardson, Kim A. Miller, Steven D. TI COAMPS real-time dust storm forecasting during operation Iraqi freedom SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NONLINEAR RENORMALIZATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ADVECTIVE FLUXES; SAHARAN DUST; PREDICTION; MODEL; SOIL; SIMULATION; EMISSION AB Dust storms are a significant weather phenomenon in the Iraq region in winter and spring. Real-time dust forecasting using the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) with an in-line dust aerosol model was conducted for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in March and April 2003. Daily forecasts of dust mass concentration, visibility, and optical depth were produced out to 72 h on nested grids of 9-, 27-, and 81-km resolution in two-way nest interaction. In this paper, the model is described, as are examples of its application during OIF. The model performance is evaluated using ground weather reports, visibility observations, and enhanced satellite retrievals. The comparison of the model forecasts with observations for the severe dust storms of OIF shows that COAMPS predicted the arrival and retreat of the major dust events within 2 h. In most cases, COAMPS predicted the intensity ( reduction in visibility) of storms with an error of less than 1 km. The forecasts of the spatial distribution of dust fronts and dust plumes were consistent with those seen in the satellite images and the corresponding cold front observations. A statistical analysis of dust-related visibility for the OIF period reveals that COAMPS generates higher bias, rms, and relative errors at the stations having high frequencies of dust storms and near the source areas. The calculation of forecast accuracy shows that COAMPS achieved a probability of dust detection of 50%-90% and a threat score of 0.3-0.55 at the stations with frequent dust storms. Overall, the model predicted more than 85% of the observed dust and nondust weather events at the stations used in the verification for the OIF period. Comparisons of the forecast rates and statistical errors for the forecasts of different lengths (12-72 h) for both dust and dynamics fields during the strong dust storm of 26 March revealed little dependence of model accuracy on forecast length, implying that the successive COAMPS forecasts were consistent for the severest OIF dust event. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ming.liu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1175/WAF971.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138ZN UT WOS:000244401900013 ER PT J AU Richardson, MS DeMott, PJ Kreidenweis, SM Cziczo, DJ Dunlea, EJ Jimenez, JL Thomson, DS Ashbaugh, LL Borys, RD Westphal, DL Casuccio, GS Lersch, TL AF Richardson, Mathews S. DeMott, Paul J. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Cziczo, Daniel J. Dunlea, Edward J. Jimenez, Jose L. Thomson, David S. Ashbaugh, Lowell L. Borys, Randolph D. Westphal, Douglas L. Casuccio, Gary S. Lersch, Traci L. TI Measurements of heterogeneous ice nuclei in the western United States in springtime and their relation to aerosol characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FLOW DIFFUSION CHAMBER; ASIAN DUST EVENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MINERAL DUST; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; CRYSTAL-FACE; SAHARAN DUST; ART.; STORMS AB [1] The second Ice Nuclei Spectroscopy (INSPECT-II) campaign was conducted at Storm Peak Laboratory in northwestern Colorado in April and May 2004. The physical and chemical characteristics of springtime atmospheric aerosols, including those which act as heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN), were investigated. The ice formation activity of submicron particles was measured with a continuous-flow diffusion chamber. The concentrations of heterogeneous ice nuclei ([IN]) active at -15 to -50 degrees C and water supersaturations -25% < SSw < 0 typically ranged from 1 to 10 std 1(-1). Aerosol mass spectrometry measurements indicated that the composition of IN had much higher contributions from mineral dust/fly ash and metallic particle types compared to ambient particles of similar sizes. While IN concentration and composition measurements are similar to observations from the same site during INSPECT-I in November 2001, there was considerably more variability in [IN] during INSPECT-II associated with periods of sporadically high [IN]. A relation of [IN] to concentrations of larger particles was noted; however, the predictive utility of such a relationship proved limited during non-dust-related increases in accumulation mode number concentrations. We conclude that the observed high variability and extremes in [IN] during spring are attributable primarily to variations in airborne dust concentrations and that the [IN] observed in spring 2004 represent lower bounds on the expected [IN] at SPL in the spring. On the basis of modeled dust vertical profiles, strong impacts of dust on [IN] might be expected at the higher altitudes of cold clouds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth SystRes Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Storm Peak Lab, Reno, NV 89506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA USA. RP Richardson, MS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mattr@chem.atmos.colostate.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Ashbaugh, Lowell/G-3661-2011; Richardson, Mathews/H-4882-2013; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 56 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D2 AR D02209 DI 10.1029/2006JD007500 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133VG UT WOS:000244041400002 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Koller, WA Prusaczyk, WK McCarron, RM AF Chavko, Mikulas Koller, Wayne A. Prusaczyk, W. Keith McCarron, Richard M. TI Measurement of blast wave by a miniature fiber optic pressure transducer in the rat brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE explosion; fiber optic sensor; rat brain; trauma ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IMPULSE NOISE; INJURY; INVOLVEMENT; IMPACT; LUNG AB Exposure to blast wave that is generated during an explosion may result in brain damage and related neurological impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate pressure changes induced by exposure to blast inside the rat brain. For intracranial pressure measurement we used a miniature optic fiber sensor (o.d. 550 mu m) with a computer recording system. The sensor was placed in the third cerebral ventricle of anesthetized rats exposed to 40kPa blast wave in a pneumatic-pressure driven shock tube. Short pressure waves lasting several ms were detected inside the brain with the magnitude that might result in nervous tissue damage. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chavkom@nmrc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 159 IS 2 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.07.018 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 130BW UT WOS:000243775200011 PM 16949675 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV Shaffer, KM Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Kulagina, Nadezhda V. Shaffer, Kara M. Ligler, Frances S. Taitt, Chris R. TI Antimicrobial peptides as new recognition molecules for screening challenging species SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptides; Coxiella burnetti; Brucella melitensis; vaccinia virus; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; screening ID REAL-TIME PCR; BACTERICIDAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES; COXIELLA-BURNETII; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; RAPID DETECTION; SMALLPOX VIRUS; AGENTS AB The goal of this study was to evaluate binding of four targets of biodefense interest to immobilized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in biosensor assays. Polymyxins B and E, melittin, cecropins A, B, and P, parasin, bactenecin and magainin-1, as well as control antibodies, were used as capture molecules for detection of Cy3-labeled Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), vaccinia virus, Coxiella burnetti and Brucella melitensis. Although VEE, vaccinia virus and C. burnetti did not show any binding activity to their corresponding capture antibodies, B. melitensis bound to immobilized anti-Brucella monoclonal antibodies. The majority of the immobilized AMPs included in this study bound labeled VEE, vaccinia virus and C. burnetti in a concentration-dependent manner, and B. melitensis bound to polymyxin 13, polymyxin E, and bactenecin. No binding was observed on immobilized magainin-1. In contrast to all bacterial targets tested to date, VEE and vaccinia virus demonstrated similar patterns of binding to all peptides. While the direct assay is generally replaced by a sandwich assay for analysis of real-world samples, direct binding experiments are commonly used to characterize specificity and sensitivity of binding molecules. In this case, they clearly demonstrate the capability of AMPs as recognition molecules for four biothreat agents. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000680, R01 EB000680-03] NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.044 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 137XN UT WOS:000244326400018 PM 18231571 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Papanicolaou, NA Bass, R Boos, JB AF Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Papanicolaou, N. A. Bass, R. Boos, J. B. TI Measured limits of detection based on thermal-mechanical frequency noise in micromechanical sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY AB The authors have fabricated and tested all-optical micromechanical resonators that sense the presence of analyte molecules by monitoring the shift in the resonant frequency of a mechani-cal mode of vibration. An analysis of the measured frequency noise at the fundamental flexural mode shows that it is dominated by thermal-mechanical noise. This result demonstrates that thermal-mechanical frequency noise can set the limit of detection in actual micromechanical or nanomechanical resonance-based sensors. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 051114 DI 10.1063/1.2450643 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300014 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Chu, LK Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Chu, Laura K. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Demographic and occupational predictors of early response to a mailed invitation to enroll in a longitudinal health study SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; NONRESPONSE BIAS; RESPONDENTS; POPULATION; REFUSERS; PARTICIPATE; IMPACT; RATES AB Background: Often in survey research, subsets of the population invited to complete the survey do not respond in a timely manner and valuable resources are expended in recontact efforts. Various methods of improving response have been offered, such as reducing questionnaire length, offering incentives, and utilizing reminders; however, these methods can be costly. Utilizing characteristics of early responders (refusal or consent) in enrollment and recontact efforts may be a unique and cost-effective approach for improving the quality of epidemiologic research. Methods: To better understand early responders of any kind, we compared the characteristics of individuals who explicitly refused, consented, or did not respond within 2 months from the start of enrollment into a large cohort study of US military personnel. A multivariate polychotomous logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of each covariate on the odds of early refusal and on the odds of early consent versus late/non-response, while simultaneously adjusting for all other variables in the model. Results: From regression analyses, we found many similarities between early refusers and early consenters. Factors associated with both early refusal and early consent included older age, higher education, White race/ethnicity, Reserve/Guard affiliation, and certain information technology and support occupations. Conclusion: These data suggest that early refusers may differ from late/non-responders, and that certain characteristics are associated with both early refusal and early consent to participate. Structured recruitment efforts that utilize these differences may achieve early response, thereby reducing mail costs and the use of valuable resources in subsequent contact efforts. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; laurakaychu@yahoo.com; smith@nhrc.navy.mil; besa@nhrc.navy.mil; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD JAN 25 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1471-2288-7-6 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 174AN UT WOS:000246913700001 PM 17397558 ER PT J AU Froimowitz, M Gu, YH Dakin, LA Nagafuji, PM Kelley, CJ Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Janowsky, A AF Froimowitz, Mark Gu, Yonghong Dakin, Les A. Nagafuji, Pamela M. Kelley, Charles J. Parrish, Damon Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Janowsky, Aaron TI Slow-onset, long-duration, alkyl analogues of methylphenidate with enhanced selectivity for the dopamine transporter SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; REUPTAKE BLOCKERS; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; PHARMACOPHORE MODEL; ADRENERGIC NERVES; UPTAKE INHIBITION; COCAINE ABUSE; RABBIT AORTA AB Methylphenidate analogues, in which the carbomethoxy has been replaced by an alkyl group and with different phenyl substituents, have been synthesized and tested in monoamine transporter assays. As predicted from a pharmacophore model, most of the RR/SS diastereomers showed high potency as dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Analogues with a 4-chlorophenyl group and an unbranched initial alkyl atom had consistently enhanced selectivity for the dopamine transporter. The most potent compounds were those with a three- or four-carbon chain. The "inactive" RS/SR diastereomers showed substantial activity when the phenyl substituent was 3,4-dichloro. On a locomotor assay, one compound was found to have a slow onset and a long duration of action. The activity of these compounds provides additional evidence for a conformational/superposition model of methylphenidate with cocaine-like structures. A ketone analogue, obtained by hydrogenating a previously described vinylogous amide, had activity similar to that of methylphenidate. C1 Massachussets Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Methamphetamine Abuse Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Froimowitz, M (reprint author), Massachussets Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mfroimowitz@mcphs.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [Y1 DA0107-05, N01DA-2-9305, Y1-DA1002-04, N10DA-7-8076, DA015795] NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1021/jm0608614 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126SK UT WOS:000243535600007 PM 17228864 ER PT J AU Inan, US Golkowski, M Casey, MK Moore, RC Peter, W Kulkarni, P Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, S Smit, P AF Inan, U. S. Golkowski, M. Casey, M. K. Moore, R. C. Peter, W. Kulkarni, P. Kossey, P. Kennedy, E. Meth, S. Smit, P. TI Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; WAVE-GUIDE; WHISTLERS; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; IONIZATION; SIGNALS; REGION AB Ionospheric effects of energetic electron precipitation induced by controlled injection of VLF signals from a ground based transmitter are observed via subionospheric VLF remote sensing. The 21.4 kHz NPM transmitter in Lualualei, Hawaii is keyed ON-OFF in 30 minute periodic sequences. The same periodicity is observed in the amplitude and phase of the sub ionospherically propagating signals of the 24.8 kHz NLK (Jim Creek, Washington) and 25.2 kHz NLM (LaMoure, North Dakota) transmitters measured at Midway Island. Periodic perturbations of the NLK signal observed at Palmer, Antarctica suggest that energetic electrons scattered at longitudes of NPM continue to be precipitated into the atmosphere as they drift toward the South Atlantic Anomaly. Utilizing a model of the magnetospheric wave-particle interaction, ionospheric energy deposition, and subionospheric VLF propagation, the precipitated energy flux induced by the NPM transmitter is estimated to peak at L similar to 2 and similar to 1.6 X 10(-4) ergs s(-1) cm(-2). C1 Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Inan, US (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mag41@stanford.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 AR L02106 DI 10.1029/2006GL028494 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 131NA UT WOS:000243874800008 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Wade, RH AF Bankert, Richard L. Wade, Robert H. TI Optimization of an instance-based GOES cloud classification algorithm SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEARNING ALGORITHMS; AVHRR; IMAGERY; SURFACE AB An instance-based nearest-neighbor algorithm was developed for a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) cloud classifier. Expert-labeled samples serve as the training sets for the various GOES image classification scenes. The initial implementation of the classifier using the complete set of available training samples has proven to be an inefficient method for real-time image classifications, requiring long computational run times and significant computer resources. A variety of training-set reduction methods were examined to find smaller training sets that provide quicker classifier run times with minimal reduction in classifier testing set accuracy. General differences within real-time image classifications as a result of using the various reduction methods were also analyzed. The fast condensed nearest-neighbor (FCNN)method reduced the size of the individual training sets by 68.3% ( fourfold cross-validation testing average) while the average overall accuracy of the testing sets decreased by only 4.1%. Training sets resulting from these reduction methods were also applied within a real-time classifier using a one-nearest-neighbor subroutine. Using the FCNN-reduced set, the subroutine run time on a 30 degrees latitude x 30 degrees longitude image (GOES-10 daytime) with 11 289 600 total pixels decreased by an average of 60.7%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Appl Inst Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rich.bankert@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1175/JAM2451.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128DT UT WOS:000243638900004 ER PT J AU Gaudet, BJ Schmidt, JM AF Gaudet, Brian J. Schmidt, Jerome M. TI Assessment of hydrometeor collection rates from exact and approximate equations. Part II: Numerical bounding SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL DESCRIPTION; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CONVECTIVE STORMS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MESOSCALE MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SCHEME AB Past microphysical investigations, including Part I of this study, have noted that the collection equation, when applied to the interaction between different hydrometeor species, can predict large mass transfer rates, even when an exact solution is used. The fractional depletion in a time step can even exceed unity for the collected species with plausible microphysical conditions and time steps, requiring "normalization" by a microphysical scheme. Although some of this problem can be alleviated through the use of more moment predictions and hydrometeor categories, the question as to why such "overdepletion" can be predicted in the first place remains insufficiently addressed. It is shown through both physical and conceptual arguments that the explicit time discretization of the bulk collection equation for any moment is not consistent with a quasi-stochastic view of collection. The result, under certain reasonable conditions, is a systematic over-prediction of collection, which can become a serious error in the prediction of higher-order moments in a bulk scheme. The term numerical bounding is used to refer to the use of a quasi-stochastically consistent formula that prevents fractional collections exceeding unity for any moments. Through examples and analysis it is found that numerical bounding is typically important in mass moment prediction for time steps exceeding approximately 10 s. The Poisson-based numerical bounding scheme is shown to be simple in application and conceptualization; within a straightforward idealization it completely corrects overdepletion while even being immune to the rediagnosis error of the time-splitting method. The scheme's range of applicability and utility are discussed. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gaudet, BJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 01 1100,1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bgaudet@ece.unm.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 82 EP 96 DI 10.1175/JAM2442.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128DT UT WOS:000243638900007 ER PT J AU Kelly, KA Thompson, L Cheng, W Metzger, EJ AF Kelly, Kathryn A. Thompson, LuAnne Cheng, Wei Metzger, E. Joseph TI Evaluation of HYCOM in the Kuroshio Extension region using new metrics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; NORTH PACIFIC; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; GULF-STREAM; ALTIMETER; TRANSPORT; 1/10-DEGREES; SIMULATION; CLIMATE AB [1] A high resolution (0.08 degrees at equator) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation is evaluated using observations for the period 1993-2003 for a western Pacific region containing the Kuroshio Extension (KE) (25-45 degrees N and 135-180 degrees E). Comparisons are made for the KE path and strength and for the upper ocean heat budget. The mean strength and path agree well with observations, except near the KE separation point, where the jet is as much as 2 degrees of latitude too far south. However, the model path variations are considerably more energetic than observed, and this likely obscures the observed tendency for weaker meandering when the KE is strong. The model accurately reproduces seasonal variations of upper ocean heat content, but the long-period (about 10-yr) variations of heat content and KE strength clearly differ in the region upstream of 150 degrees E. The long-period variations in model SSH do not show the same relationship to wind forcing that is seen in the observations and in a low-resolution ocean model simulation. The HYCOM upper ocean heat budget is similar to a diagnostic heat budget inferred from observations in that the dominant contribution is from lateral fluxes (advection); however, advection fluctuations (again primarily in the upstream region) are much larger in the model. This evaluation of HYCOM shows realistic mean quantities and realistic variations away from the separation region. However, an overly energetic jet upstream of 150 degrees E can obscure the longer period variability and its contribution to the upper ocean heat budget. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kelly, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkelly@apl.washington.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C1 AR C01004 DI 10.1029/2006JC003614 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 131EI UT WOS:000243850600001 ER PT J AU Lu, HL Seo, YT Lee, JW Moudrakovski, I Ripmeester, JA Chapman, NR Coffin, RB Gardner, G Pohlman, J AF Lu, Hailong Seo, Yu-taek Lee, Jong-won Moudrakovski, Igor Ripmeester, John A. Ross Chapman, N. Coffin, Richard B. Gardner, Graeme Pohlman, John TI Complex gas hydrate from the Cascadia margin SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MEXICO CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; RIDGE OFFSHORE OREGON; STRUCTURE-H; BLACK-SEA; GULF; DEPOSITS; CLIMATE AB Natural gas hydrates are a potential source of energy(1) and may play a role in climate change(2) and geological hazards(3). Most natural gas hydrate appears to be in the form of 'structure I', with methane as the trapped guest molecule(4), although 'structure II' hydrate has also been identified, with guest molecules such as isobutane and propane, as well as lighter hydrocarbons(5,6). A third hydrate structure, 'structure H', which is capable of trapping larger guest molecules, has been produced in the laboratory(7), but it has not been confirmed that it occurs in the natural environment. Here we characterize the structure, gas content and composition, and distribution of guest molecules in a complex natural hydrate sample recovered from Barkley canyon, on the northern Cascadia margin(8). We show that the sample contains structure H hydrate, and thus provides direct evidence for the natural occurrence of this hydrate structure. The structure H hydrate is intimately associated with structure II hydrate, and the two structures contain more than 13 different hydrocarbon guest molecules. We also demonstrate that the stability field of the complex gas hydrate lies between those of structure II and structure H hydrates, indicating that this form of hydrate is more stable than structure I and may thus potentially be found in a wider pressure - temperature regime than can methane hydrate deposits. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Ripmeester, JA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM john.ripmeester@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Seo, Yutaek/B-3384-2012 NR 26 TC 112 Z9 120 U1 8 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7125 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1038/nature05463 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126HT UT WOS:000243504700042 PM 17230188 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Seferos, DS Moore, M Lowy, DA Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Seferos, Dwight S. Moore, Martin Lowy, Daniel A. Bazan, Guillermo C. Kushmerick, James G. Lebedev, Nikolai TI Rapid proton-coupled electron-transfer of hydroquinone through phenylenevinylene bridges SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; GOLD ELECTRODES; REDOX KINETICS; CYTOCHROME-C; PH; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB We describe the synthesis of two oligo(phenylene vinylene)s (OPVs) with a hydroquinone moiety and a thiol anchor group: 4-(2',5'-dihydroxystyryl)benzyl thioacetate and 4-[4'-(2' ',5' '-dihydroxystyryl)styryl]benzyl thioacetate. Monolayers on gold of these molecules were examined by electrochemical techniques to determine the electron transfer kinetics of the hydroquinone functionality (H(2)Q) through these delocalized tethers ("molecular wires") as a function of pH. Between pH 4 and 9, rate constants were ca. 100-fold faster than for the same H(2)Q functionality confined to the surface via alkane tethers. Also, in this same pH range rate constants were independent of the length of the OPV bridge. These new electroactive molecules in which the hydroquinone functionality is wired to the gold surface by means of OPV tethers should be useful platforms for constructing bioelectronic devices such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and biophotovoltaic cells with a fast response time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Biochem & Mat, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014; OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 942 EP 948 DI 10.1021/la061555w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 124AF UT WOS:000243338500085 PM 17209656 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Ronci, F Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH Piston, DW Grimaldi, S Lisi, A Rieti, S AF Cricenti, A. Generosi, R. Luce, M. Ronci, F. Perfetti, P. Vobornik, D. Margaritondo, G. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. Tolk, N. H. Piston, D. W. Grimaldi, S. Lisi, A. Rieti, S. TI Infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy observation of low-frequency electromagnetic field effects on functional groups in eukaryotic cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LINE; HYPERTHERMIA; RADIATION; CHEMISTRY AB The authors observed changes in the biochemical properties of eukaryotic cells exposed to an ac magnetic field by infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy. They specifically investigated the changes in the distribution of the inner chemical functional groups and in the cell morphology induced by a 24 h exposure to a 1 mT (rms), 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field in a temperature-regulated solenoid. These results accentuate the crucial questions-raised by several recent studies-about the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human cells. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. CNR, Inst Neurobiol & Mol Med, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM antonio@ism.cnr.it RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Ronci, Fabio/I-8717-2012; Lisi, Antonella/C-7024-2015 OI Ronci, Fabio/0000-0002-7424-4046; Lisi, Antonella/0000-0002-5465-9500 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 AR 033902 DI 10.1063/1.2432231 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JR UT WOS:000243582400100 ER PT J AU Pham-Huu, DP Deschamps, JR Liu, SH Madras, BK Meltzer, PC AF Pham-Huu, Duy-Phong Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Liu, Shanghao Madras, Bertha K. Meltzer, Peter C. TI Synthesis of 8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and their binding affinity for the dopamine and serotonin transporters SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thiatropanes; monoamine transporter ligands; cocaine medications ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; COCAINE RECOGNITION SITES; NON-NITROGEN INHIBITORS; MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; LIGAND-BINDING; SULFUR ANALOGS; RECEPTOR; ANTAGONISTS; CHEMISTRY AB Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant properties have been associated with inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT) on presynaptic neurons. In the search for medications for cocaine abuse, we have prepared 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues of cocaine. We report that this class of compounds provides potent and selective inhibitors of the DAT and SERT. The selectivity resulted from reduced activity at the SERT. The 3 beta-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) analogue inhibits the DAT and SERT with a potency of IC50 = 5.7 nM and 8.0 nM, respectively. The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,3-unsaturated analogue inhibits the DAT potently (IC50 = 4.5 nM) and selectively (> 800-fold vs SERT). Biological en anti oselectivity of DAT inhibition was limited for both the 3 -aryl-2,3-unsaturated and the 3 alpha-aryl analogues (2-fold), but more robust (> 10-fold) for the 3 beta-aryl analogues. The (1R)-configuration provided the eutomers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Organix Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Meltzer, PC (reprint author), Organix Inc, 240 Salem St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM meltzer@organixinc.com OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA011542-06A2, R01 DA011542-07, R01 DA011542-08]; PHS HHS [NIDA 06303, NIDA 09462, NIDA 1-8825, NIDA 11542] NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1067 EP 1082 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.016 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 123SG UT WOS:000243315300045 PM 17070057 ER PT J AU Johnson-White, B Zeinali, M Shaffer, KM Patterson, CH Charles, PT Markowitz, MA AF Johnson-White, Brandy Zeinali, Mazyar Shaffer, Kara M. Patterson, Charles H., Jr. Charles, Paul T. Markowitz, Michael A. TI Detection of organics using porphyrin embedded nanoporous organosilicas SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE optical detection; porphyrin; molecular imprint; mesoporous organosilica; absorbance/fluorescence spectra ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION; IMMOBILIZED PORPHYRINS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; PHASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPLOSIVES; SENSOR; ADSORPTION; EXTRACTION AB Molecularly imprinted polymers and silica have been studied as receptor binding site mimics for use in a wide range of separation, catalysis, and detection applications employing transduction mechanisms including conductometric, amperometric, and capacitance. Porphyrins are also well known as sensor components due to the extreme sensitivity of their spectrophotometric characteristics to changes in their immediate environment. We have developed periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO) which incorporate a porphyrin into the material for use as an optical indicator of target binding. This material combines the stability, selectivity, and high density of binding sites characteristic of the molecularly imprinted PMO with the sensitivity and selectivity of the porphyrin. We demonstrate binding of p-nitrophenol, p-cresol, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and RDX by the porphyrin-embedded PMOs with selective adsorption of TNT over the other analytes. In addition, the binding of each of the organics by the PMO results in unique changes in the spectrophotometric characteristics of the incorporated porphyrin. These changes can be observed by visual inspection or through the use of fluorescence spectra collected in 96-well format. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Shimadzu Sci Instruments Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pcharles@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 37 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 10 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.07.040 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126UU UT WOS:000243541800056 PM 16965908 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y O'Reilly, SE AF Furukawa, Yoko O'Reilly, S. E. TI Rapid precipitation of amorphous silica in experimental systems with nontronite (NAu-1) and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CLAY-MINERALS; EXPERIMENTAL SILICIFICATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON; NANOSPHERE FORMATION; STRUCTURAL FE(III); PHOSPHORUS CYCLE; BIOGENIC SILICA AB Nanometer-size (< 50 nm) precipitates of amorphous silica globules were observed in laboratory systems containing nontronite NAu1. Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1, and lean aqueous media. Their formation was attributed to the release of polysilicic acids at the expense of dissolving NAu-1, and subsequent polymerization and stabilization mediated by biomolecules. Rapid (< 24 h) silica globule formation was confirmed in the immediate vicinity of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances in all experimental systems that contained bacteria, whether the bacteria were respiring dissolved O-2 or Fe(III) originating from NAu-1, and whether the bacteria were viable or heat-killed. Silica globules were not observed in bacteria- and biomolecule-free systems. Thermodynamic calculations using disilicic acid, rather than monomeric silica, as the primary aqueous silica species suggest that the systems may have been supersaturated with respect to amorphous silica even though they appeared to be undersaturated if all aqueous silica was assumed to be monomeric H4SiO4. The predominant aqueous silica species in the experimental systems was likely polysilicic acids because aqueous silica was continuously supplied from the concurrent dissolution of aluminosilicate. Further polymerization and globule formation may have been driven by the presence of polyamines, a group of biologically produced compounds that are known to drive amorphous silica precipitation in diatom frustules. Globules were likely to be positively charged in our systems due to chemisorption of organic polycations onto silica surfaces that would have been otherwise negatively charged. We propose the following steps for the formation of nanometer-size silica globules in our experimental systems: (i) continuous supply of polysilicic acids due to NAu-1 dissolution; (ii) polysilicic acid polymerization to form < 50 nm silica globules and subsequent stabilization mediated by microbially produced polyamines; (iii) charge reversal due to chemisorption of organic polycations; and (iv) electrostatic attraction of positively charged silica globules to net negatively charged bacterial cells. Rapid, biogenic precipitation of silica may be common in soil and sediment systems that appear to be undersaturated with respect to amorphous Si. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Brance, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Brance, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 88 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.006 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 125XQ UT WOS:000243477200007 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ AF Agassi, D. Christen, D. K. Pennycook, S. J. TI Thickness-dependent pinning in a superconductor thin film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; COATED CONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; DEPOSITION; CONVERSION; STRIP AB The dependence of critical current density j(c) on film thickness (d) is calculated for the simple configuration of a semi-infinite finite-thickness superconductor film and a single vortex. This film-thickness dependence reflects the impact of vortex broadening in a thin film on its pinning by the film's edge or an internal surface. The calculated film-thickness variation of j(c) in the range d/lambda < 2, where lambda denotes the penetration depth, is found to be proportional to d(-1/2). A parameter-free estimate of the ensuing critical current is within a factor of 3 of observed values in YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors. It is argued that this type of film-thickness scaling applies beyond the simple configuration considered here. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM yehoshua.agassi@navy.mil NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023916 DI 10.1063/1.2399898 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800088 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Freilich, DA Brice, GT Burgess, TH Berzins, MP Bull, RL Graber, NL Dabbs, JL Shatney, LL Blazes, DL Bebris, LM Malone, MF Eisold, JF Mateczun, AJ Martin, GJ AF Doolan, Denise L. Freilich, Daniel A. Brice, Gary T. Burgess, Timothy H. Berzins, Mara P. Bull, Robert L. Graber, Norma L. Dabbs, Jason L. Shatney, Lori L. Blazes, David L. Bebris, Lolita M. Malone, Maria F. Eisold, John F. Mateczun, Alfred J. Martin, Gregory J. TI The US capitol bioterrorism anthrax exposures: Clinical epidemiological and immunological characteristics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL TOXIN; GUINEA-PIGS; IMMUNITY; WORKERS; VACCINE; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE AB Background. Bioterrorism-related anthrax exposures occurred at the US Capitol in 2001. Exposed individuals received antibiotics and anthrax vaccine adsorbed immunization. Methods. A prospective longitudinal study of 124 subjects - stratified on the basis of spore exposure, nasopharyngeal culture results, and immunization status from inside and outside an epidemiologically defined exposure zone - was performed to describe clinical outcome and immune responses after Bacillus anthracis exposure. Antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results. Antibody and CMI dose-exposure responses, albeit generally of low magnitude, were seen for un-immunized subjects from inside, within the perimeter, and outside the exposure zone and in nonexposed control subjects. Anti-PA antibody and CMI responses were detected in 94% and 86% of immunized subjects. No associations were seen between symptoms and exposure levels or immune responses. Conclusions. Anthrax spores primed cellular and possibly antibody immune responses in a dose-dependent manner and may have enhanced vaccine boost and recall responses. Immune responses were detected inside the perimeter and outside the exposure zone, which implies more-extensive spore exposure than was predicted. Despite postexposure prophylaxis with antibiotics, inhalation of B. anthracis spores resulted in stimulation of the immune system and possibly subclinical infection, and the greater the exposure, the more complete the immune response. The significance of low-level exposure should not be underestimated. C1 USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Combat Casualty Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Infect Dis Serv, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. US Capitol, Off Attending Phys Congress, Washington, DC USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dooland@nmrc.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 2 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1086/510312 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 122OW UT WOS:000243237300005 PM 17191162 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Twigg, JN Vu, Y Mott, PH AF Roland, C. M. Twigg, J. N. Vu, Y. Mott, P. H. TI High strain rate mechanical behavior of polyurea SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyurea; high strain rate; viscoelasticity ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; RUBBER; DEFORMATION; NETWORKS; DENSITY; POLYMER; CHARACTERIZE; RELAXATION; ELASTICITY AB Stress-strain measurements are reported for an elastomeric polyurea in uniaxial tension over a range of strain rates from 0.06 to 573 s(-1). The experiments were carried out on a new drop weight test instrument, which provides mechanical data at strain rates up to 1000 s(-1), filling the gap between conventional low speed instruments and split Hopkinson bar tests. The tensile data obtained herein are compared with recent high strain rate compression data on the same material [Yi et al. Polymer 2006;47:319-29]. Advantages of the present measurements include a more uniform strain rate and the ability to ensure homogeneous strain. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 48 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.051 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 130MQ UT WOS:000243804100018 ER PT J AU Ranade, A Wang, HP Hiltner, A Baer, E Shirk, JS Lepkowicz, RS AF Ranade, Aditya Wang, Haopeng Hiltner, Anne Baer, Eric Shirk, James S. Lepkowicz, Richard S. TI The solid state structure of polycarbonate blends with lead phthalocyanine SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polycarbonate; antiplasticizers; phthalocyanines ID ANNIHILATION-LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; FREE-VOLUME; GAS SORPTION; POSITRON LIFETIME; ANTIPLASTICIZATION; TRANSPORT; PLASTICIZATION; COPOLYMER; POLYMERS AB The physical properties of polycarbonate blends containing the nonlinear optical dye lead tetracumylphenoxy phthalocyanine were characterized. Blends with up to 20 wt% dye were prepared and characterized in terms of density, refractive index, glass transition temperature, loss modulus, subambient relaxation behavior, and free volume hole size from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The dye strongly affected the physical properties of the blend. The initial 0.1 wt% dye produced a dramatic increase in the density. A similar trend in the refractive index was accounted for by the change in density using a relationship between density and refractive index derived from the Lorentz-Lorenz equation. Increasing the dye content to 8 wt% led to a large reduction in the glass transition temperature. An increase in E' and a decrease in the subambient gamma-relaxation intensity accompanied the large decrease in T-g. This behavior fit the conventional concept of antiplasticization, which has been described for other low molecular weight diluents in PC. Recognizing that the dye was present as a mixture of monomer, dimer and higher aggregates, it was shown that the monomer form was responsible for the antiplasticization. In the glass, dimer and higher aggregates were viewed as nanoparticle fillers. It was confirmed that the antiplasticization effect was due to a reduction in excess hole free volume of the polymer. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hiltner, A (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM ahiltner@case.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.008 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 130MQ UT WOS:000243804100023 ER PT J AU Meier, RR McLaughlin, BM Warren, HP Bishop, J AF Meier, R. R. McLaughlin, Brendan M. Warren, H. P. Bishop, James TI Atomic oxygen photoionization rates computed with high resolution SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SHELL; IRRADIANCE; RESONANCES; THRESHOLD; SPECTRUM AB Accurate knowledge of photoionization rates is fundamental for the study and understanding of gases in the solar system. Past calculations of the photoionization rates of atmospheric gases lack the spectral resolution to accommodate highly structured autoionization features in the photoionization cross section. A new theoretical model of the atomic oxygen photoionization cross section combined with a new solar minimum spectral irradiance model enables calculations at very high spectral resolution (0.001 nm). Our analysis of unattenuated photoionization rates reveals no strong coincidences among myriad bright solar emission lines and autoionization lines in the cross section. However, deeper in the terrestrial atmosphere, opacity effects are significant and the need for high spectral accuracy becomes increasingly important. In our solar minimum example, factor of 3 errors occur when the lower thermospheric photoionization rate of atomic oxygen is computed at 1 nm spectral resolution for both the cross section and solar flux. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmeier@gmu.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01104 DI 10.1029/2006GL028484 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126QI UT WOS:000243529100007 ER PT J AU McKendry, IG Strawbridge, KB O'Neill, NT Macdonald, AM Liu, PSK Leaitch, WR Anlauf, KG Jaegle, L Fairlie, TD Westphal, DL AF McKendry, Ian G. Strawbridge, Kevin B. O'Neill, Norman T. Macdonald, Anne Marie Liu, Peter S. K. Leaitch, W. Richard Anlauf, Kurt G. Jaegle, Lyatt Fairlie, T. Duncan Westphal, Douglas L. TI Trans-Pacific transport of Saharan dust to western North America: A case study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOCART MODEL; APRIL 1998; AEROSOL; DEPOSITION; TRAJECTORIES; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATION; CANADA AB The first documented case of long-range transport of Saharan dust over a pathway spanning Asia and the Pacific to western North America is described. Crustal material generated by North African dust storms during the period 28 February to 3 March 2005 reached western Canada on 13-14 March 2005 and was observed by lidar and sunphotometer in the Vancouver region and by high-altitude aerosol instrumentation at Whistler Peak. Global chemical models (GEOS-Chem and NRL NAAPS) confirm the transport pathway and suggest source attribution was simplified in this case by the distinct, and somewhat unusual, lack of dust activity over Eurasia (Gobi and Takla Makan deserts) at this time. Over western North America the dust layer, although subsiding close to the boundary layer, did not appear to contribute to boundary layer particulate matter concentrations. Furthermore, sunphotometer observations (and associated inversion products) suggest that the dust layer had only subtle optical impact (aerosol optical thickness (tau(a500)) and Angstrom exponent (alpha(440-870)) were 0.1 and 1.2, respectively) and was dominated by fine particulate matter (modes in aerodynamic diameter at 0.3 and 2.5 mu m). High-altitude observations at Whistler, British Columbia, confirm the crustal origin of the layer (rich in Ca++ ions) and the bimodal size distribution. Although a weak event compared to the Asian trans-Pacific dust events of 1998 and 2001, this novel case highlights the possibility that Saharan sources may contribute episodically to the aerosol burden in western North America. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Environm Canada, Ctr Atmospher Res Expt, Sci & Technol Branch, Egberg, ON, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP McKendry, IG (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM ian@geog.ubc.ca; kstrawbridge@dow.on.doe.ca; noneill@courrier.usherb.ca; annemarie.macdonald@ec.gc.ca; peter.liu@ec.gc.ca; richard.leaitch@ec.gc.ca; kurt.anlauf@ec.gc.ca; jaegle@atmos.washington.edu; t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov; westphal@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D1 AR D01103 DI 10.1029/2006JD007129 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126QQ UT WOS:000243530100002 ER PT J AU Magne, R Belibassakis, KA Herbers, THC Ardhuin, F O'Reilly, WC Rey, V AF Magne, R. Belibassakis, K. A. Herbers, T. H. C. Ardhuin, Fabrice O'Reilly, W. C. Rey, V. TI Evolution of surface gravity waves over a submarine canyon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MILD-SLOPE EQUATION; REFRACTION-DIFFRACTION MODEL; WATER-WAVES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PROPAGATION; BATHYMETRY; VALIDATION; SCATTERING; REGIONS AB The effects of a submarine canyon on the propagation of ocean surface waves are examined with a three-dimensional coupled-mode model for wave propagation over steep topography. Whereas the classical geometrical optics approximation predicts an abrupt transition from complete transmission at small incidence angles to no transmission at large angles, the full model predicts a more gradual transition with partial reflection/transmission that is sensitive to the canyon geometry and controlled by evanescent modes for small incidence angles and relatively short waves. Model results for large incidence angles are compared with data from directional wave buoys deployed around the rim and over Scripps Canyon, near San Diego, California, during the Nearshore Canyon Experiment (NCEX). Wave heights are observed to decay across the canyon by about a factor 5 over a distance shorter than a wavelength. However, a spectral refraction model predicts an even larger reduction by about a factor 10, because low-frequency components cannot cross the canyon in the geometrical optics approximation. The coupled-mode model yields accurate results over and behind the canyon. These results show that although most of the wave energy is refractively trapped on the offshore rim of the canyon, a small fraction of the wave energy 'tunnels' across the canyon. Simplifications of the model that reduce it to the standard and modified mild slope equations also yield good results, confirming that evanescent modes and high-order bottom slope effects are of minor importance for the energy transformation of waves propagating across depth contours at large oblique angles. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Athens 15710, Greece. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Inst Sci Ingn Toulon & Var, F-83162 La Valette Du Var, France. RP Magne, R (reprint author), Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. EM rudy.magne@shom.fr; kbel@fluid.mech.ntua.gr; thherber@nps.edu; ardhuin@shom.fr; rey@univ-tln.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C1 AR C01002 DI 10.1029/2005JC003035 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 126QW UT WOS:000243530900001 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA AF Bernhardt, Paul A. TI Quasi-analytic models for density bubbles and plasma clouds in the equatorial ionosphere: Closed form solutions for electric fields and potentials SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD F; SOLVERS AB [1] The equatorial ionosphere contains imbedded bubbles that rise vertically through a horizontally stratified plasma. When gravity, neutral winds or external electric fields act on the F region plasma, electric fields form in the density perturbations that comprise the bubbles. The second order differential equation that describes the electric fields is a nonseparable elliptic equation. Exact solutions of this nonlinear differential equation for the electric fields and potentials are derived assuming linear or circular symmetry to the density structures imbedded in the background plasma. A wide variety of analytic solutions for electric potentials are found for both density cavities and density enhancements. These solutions may be used for quasi-analytic transport of the bubbles with equations derived from the continuity equation for the plasma. The analytic solutions may also be used to test numerical solvers of the nonseparable elliptic equations that describe the electric fields in the unstable plasma. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6750,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A1 AR A01302 DI 10.1029/2006JA011606 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126RE UT WOS:000243531700001 ER PT J AU Lane, PA Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH AF Lane, Paul A. Kushto, Gary P. Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Efficient, single-layer molecular organic light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; COMBINATORIAL; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; FIELD AB The authors demonstrate efficient molecular organic light-emitting diodes that use direct hole injection from poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythio-phene): poly (styrene-sulfonate ) into a single layer of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) for carrier transport and electroluminescence. Single-layer devices have a lower operating bias and higher luminous power efficiency than conventional bilayer devices with a 4,4-bis [N-1-napthyl-N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl hole transport layer. The current density-voltage characteristics of single-layer devices follow Schottky-Richardson behavior and are consistent with an Ohmic contact at the anode. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 AR 023511 DI 10.1063/1.2426882 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JO UT WOS:000243582000089 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Ratna, BR Naciri, J AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Ratna, Banahalli R. Naciri, Jawad TI Anisotropic actuation in electroclinic liquid crystal elastomers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE AB The macroscopic mechanical response of a freestanding, electroclinic liquid crystal elastomer to an applied electric field is described. Contraction strains and shearing were observed upon e-field application when 60-mu m-thick elastomer films were tested normal and parallel to smectic layers, respectively. The anisotropic response observed in the two orthogonal directions with respect to the smectic layers correlate calculated from mechanical studies with the induced tilt of the molecules. The electrostrictive and electroclinic coefficients agree well with the values calculated from optical tilt angle measurements. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spillmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@nrl.navy.mil; jnaciri@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 AR 021911 DI 10.1063/1.2420780 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JO UT WOS:000243582000023 ER PT J AU Rhea, WJ Lamela, GM Davis, CO AF Rhea, W. J. Lamela, G. M. Davis, C. O. TI A profiling optics and water return system for validation and calibration of ocean color imagery SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTS AB We describe a Profiling Optical and Water Return (POWR) system that has been developed and used extensively at sea. The POWR system is a collection of oceanographic instruments used to measure the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the upper 100m of the ocean while simultaneously collecting up to eight water samples at various depths for chemical and biological analysis. IOPs are local measurements that are directly related to the properties of the water at the depth sampled; hence it is critical that the water samples be taken at the same time and location as the IOPs. Used during three major experiments, the POWR system has proven valuable for relating IOPs to in-water constituents in support of ocean color remote sensing data product validation, optical model validation, and other interdisciplinary programs. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rhea, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7231,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rhea@nrl.navy.mil; lamela@nrl.navy.mil; cdavis@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1364/OE.15.000002 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WC UT WOS:000244680400002 PM 19532216 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Metzger, EJ Bourassa, MA AF Kara, A. Birol Metzger, E. Joseph Bourassa, Mark A. TI Ocean current and wave effects on wind stress drag coefficient over the global ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA FLUXES; ROUGHNESS AB The effects of ocean surface currents and dominant waves on the wind stress drag coefficient (C-D) are examined over the global ocean. Major findings are as follows: (1) the combination of both ocean wave and current speeds can result in reductions in daily C-D (>10%), but the notable impact of the latter is only evident in the tropical Pacific Ocean; (2) the presence of waves generally makes winds weaker and C-D lower almost everywhere over the global ocean; (3) strong ocean currents near the western boundaries (Kuroshio and Gulf Stream) do not substantially influence C-D since the winds and currents are not always aligned; and (4) the change in speed used in bulk flux parameterization also causes large changes in fluxes. Globally, the combined outcome of ocean currents and waves is to reduce C-D by about (2%), but spatial variations (0% to 14%) do exist. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01604 DI 10.1029/2006GL027849 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EY UT WOS:000243351500003 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Dominguez, Dawn D. Keller, Teddy M. TI Properties of phthalonitrile monomer blends and thermosetting phthalonitrile copolymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE phthalonitrile blends; thermosetting resin; processability ID POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIN; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); POLYMERIZATION; MISCIBILITY AB Binary blends of biphenyl phthalonitrile and the n = 4 oligomeric phthalonitrile were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and rheology studies. The blended phthalonitriles also were polymerized from the melt in the presence of bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]sulfone and the dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting copolymers were investigated. The properties of the phthalonitrile blends and copolymers were compared with those of the neat polymers. The phthalonitrile blends were found to have larger processing windows relative to that observed for the biphenyl phthalonitrile. The size of the processing window depended on the n = 4 phthalonitrile content in the blend. Dynamic mechanical measurements and thermogravimetric analysis showed that temperatures up to 425 degrees C were necessary to completely cure the phthalonitrile copolymers. The dynamic mechanical measurements also revealed that the fully-cured phthalonitrile copolymers did not soften or exhibit a glass transition temperature upon heating to 450 degrees C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the phthalonitrile copolymers exhibited excellent thermal stability along with long-term thermo-oxidative stability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dominguez, Dawn D.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dawn.dominguez@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.003 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 152CD UT WOS:000245337500012 ER PT J AU Hyer, EJ Kasischke, ES Allen, DJ AF Hyer, Edward J. Kasischke, Eric S. Allen, Dale J. TI Effects of source temporal resolution on transport simulations of boreal fire emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; FOREST REGION; MOPITT; MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEM AB The quality of temporal information from daily burned area inputs was evaluated using a transport and chemistry experiment. Carbon monoxide emissions from boreal forest fires were estimated using burned area inputs with daily resolution. Averaging of emissions data to create 30-day aggregate data reduced the variance by 80%, indicating a substantial loss of information. Data from Russia, Canada, and Alaska were tested for periodicity to uncover systematic gaps in daily data. Some evidence of periodicity was found in data from Alaska, where temporal information came from fire mapping by the Alaskan Fire Service. Autocorrelation decayed rapidly and nearly monotonically for Canada and Russia, where temporal information came from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite observations. Daily data as well as 7-day and 30-day aggregates were used as input to the University of Maryland Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport Model, and output was compared with CO observations from the Cooperative Air Sampling Network (CASN); continuous measurements from Mace Head, Ireland; and total column CO retrievals from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument. CASN flask measurements showed no sensitivity to high-frequency variability in the source, indicating the effectiveness of the filtering protocol at ensuring only well-mixed air masses are sampled in this data set. Differences between daily and 7-day simulations were too small for quantitative comparison in any of the data. For cases where the differences were substantial, simulations using daily and 7-day average sources agreed better with observations than 30-day average sources. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hyer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D1 AR D01302 DI 10.1029/2006JD007234 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124FE UT WOS:000243352100003 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Opdahl, Aric Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. Kimura-Suda, Hiromi Tarlov, Michael J. Whitman, Lloyd J. TI Independent control of grafting density and conformation of single-stranded DNA brushes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE FTIR; gold; immobilization; oligonucleoticles; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; GOLD SURFACES; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; MICROARRAYS; ADSORPTION; EFFICIENCY AB We describe self-assembly of ssDNA brushes that exploits the intrinsic affinity of adenine nucleotides (dA) for gold surfaces. The grafting density and conformation of these brushes is deterministically controlled by the length of the anchoring dA sequences, even in the presence of thymine nucleotides (dT). We produce and characterize brushes of model block-oligonucleoticles, d(T-m-A(n)), with systematically varied lengths m and n of the thymine and adenine blocks [denoted d(T-m) and d(A(n)), respectively]. The hairpin conformation, dominant for self-complementary d(T-m-A(n)) oligos in solution, is disrupted by the high preferential affinity of dA for gold surfaces. As a result, the d(Tm-An) oligos adsorb as a brush of d(T) strands immobilized via the d(A) blocks. Quantitative analysis by FTIR spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a unique feature of DNA immobilization via d(A) blocks: The surface density of dA nucleotides is close to saturation and is nearly independent of d(A) block length. Accordingly, the lateral spacing (grafting density) of the d(T) blocks is determined by the length of the d(A) blocks. The d(T) blocks extend away from the surface in a brush-like conformation at a lateral spacing 2-3 times larger(a grafting density 5-10 times lower) than in analogous films immobilized via standard thiol linkers. This combination of brushlike conformation and low saturation grafting density is expected to increase the efficiency of DNA hybridization at surfaces. Therefore, immobilization via d(A) blocks offers a method of producing DNA brushes with controlled properties for applications in biotechnology and nanotechnology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Opdahl, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM opdahl.aric@uwlax.edu; dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 33 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608568103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125QF UT WOS:000243456300004 PM 17190807 ER PT B AU Boden, DG Gray, PJ AF Boden, D. G. Gray, P. J. BE Pudlowski, ZJ TI Using rubrics to assess the development of CDIO Syllabus personal and professional skills and attributes at the 2.x.x level SO 11th Baltic Region Seminar on Engineering Education, Seminar Proceedings SE MONASH ENGINEERING EDUCATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Baltic Region Seminar on Engineering Education CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA AB The Department of Aerospace Engineering at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) in Annapolis, USA, joined the CDIO Initiative (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) in July 2003. The Naval Academy already emphasised many of the skills in the CDIO Syllabus, such as ethics, leadership, teamwork, systems thinking and communications that are part of design-build projects, integral components of a CDIO programme. What was lacking was the overall framework for developing a curriculum that was consistent with the Naval Academy's goals and one that could be used to guide outcomes assessment. The CDIO Syllabus provided that framework. In this paper, the authors describe the process of developing and implementing the CDIO Syllabus personal and professional skills and attributes (2.x.x.). C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNESCO INT CENTRE ENGINEERING EDUCATION-UICEE PI CLAYTON PA MONASH UNIV, FAC ENGINEERING, BLDG 70, 2ND FLR, WELLINGTON RD, CLAYTON, VIC 3800, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-7326-2261-9 J9 MONAS ENGN EDUC SER PY 2007 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BGV65 UT WOS:000250810200001 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R Mukhopadhyay, S AF Bharadwaj, Ramesh Mukhopadhyay, Supratik TI SOLj: A domain-specific language (DSL) for secure service-based systems SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems CY MAR 21-23, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP IEEE Comp Soc TCDP AB We present SOLj (Secure Operations Language-Java), an event-driven domain-specific synchronous programming extension of Java for developing secure service-based systems. The language has capabilities for handling service invocations asynchronously, includes strong typing for the enforcement of information flow and security policies, and exception handling mechanisms to deal with failures of components or services (both benign and Byzantine). Applications written in SOLj are formally verifiable using static analysis techniques. SOLj programs may be deployed, configured, and run on SINS (Secure Infrastructure for Networked Systems) under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil; supratik@cc.usu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1071-0485 BN 978-0-7695-2810-6 J9 INT WKSHP FUT TR DIS PY 2007 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1109/FTDCS.2007.32 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGD51 UT WOS:000246173400022 ER PT S AU Photiadis, DM AF Photiadis, Douglas M. BE Perrin, B Bonello, B Devos, A Duquesne, JY Rossignol, C TI Surface induced phonon decay rates in thin film nano-structures SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHONON SCATTERING IN CONDENSED MATTER (PHONONS 2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 2004) CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Recherche Sci, Ctr Competence NanoSci, CEA, DGA, European Phys Soc, UFR, Univ Pierre & Maria Curie, Univ Bordeaux, GigaOptics, Coherent, Spectra Phys AB Nano-scale structure significantly impacts phonon transport and related phonon relaxation rates, with order of magnitude effects on the thermal conductivity of dielectric thin films and quantum wires, and even larger effects on the lifetimes of ultrasonic phonons of micro- (nano-) oscillators. In both cases, efforts to explain the data have been hampered by our lack of knowledge of the effects of confined dimensionality on phonon-phonon scattering rates. Using a phonon Boltzmann equation with appropriate boundary conditions on the free surfaces to take surface roughness into account, we have obtained an expression yielding phonon lifetimes in 2-D dielectric nanostructures(thin films) resulting from phonon-phonon scattering in conjunction with phonon-surface scattering. We present these theoretical results and, in the limit in which surface induced losses dominate, obtain explicit predictions for the phonon lifetimes. The predicted temperature dependence of the ultrason! ic loss does not explain the observed saturation of the loss at low temperatures (tau (T) -> const), but does give results of the order of magnitude of measured ultrasonic lifetimes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.photiadis@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 92 AR 012056 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/92/1/012056 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BJG70 UT WOS:000265677100056 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C Jeffords, R Bharadwaj, R Archer, M AF Heitmeyer, Constance Jeffords, Ralph Bharadwaj, Ramesh Archer, Myla BE Sutcliffe, A Jalote, P TI RE theory meets software practice: Lessons from the software development trenches SO 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of International Requirements Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference CY OCT 15-19, 2007 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE, Infosys, Philips Res, HCL, Siemens Ltd, TATA Consultancy Serv, IBM, MICROSOFT, Satyam, Dept Informat Technol, Comp Soc India, CSI Software Engn SIG, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, Univ Manchester, ACM SIGSOFT, INCOSE, IFIP WG 2 9 ID REQUIREMENTS AB Based on our recent experience in four projects, each focused on either security-critical or safety-critical software, this paper evaluates several notions, widely, held by RE researchers, for their utility, in practical software development. It describes four notions which in our view work in practice and five others which do not. C1 [Heitmeyer, Constance; Jeffords, Ralph; Bharadwaj, Ramesh; Archer, Myla] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil; ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil; archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 FU ONR; NASA FX This research is supported by ONR and NASA NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1097-0592 BN 978-0-7695-2935-6 J9 INT REQUIR ENG CONF PY 2007 BP 265 EP + DI 10.1109/RE.2007.20 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGZ59 UT WOS:000251576800030 ER PT S AU Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ Bender, B Wu, CCM AF Gorzkowski, E. P. Pan, M-J Bender, B. Wu, C. C. M. GP IEEE TI Crystallization Kinetics of Barium Strontium Titanate Glass-Ceramics SO 2006 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Sunset Beach, NC SP IEEE DE High Energy Density; Capacitors; BST ID COMPONENTS; DENSITY AB Barium strontium titanate has been targeted as one potential ferroelectric glass-ceramic for high energy density dielectric materials. Previous testing has shown that the dielectric constant of these materials was as high as 1000 and dielectric breakdown strength up to 800 kV/cm. This did not, however, result in exceptional energy density (similar to 0.90 J/cm(3)). In order to increase overall energy density refining agents can be added to the melt, but the nucleation and growth of the ceramic particles can also play a role. Therefore, in this study the crystallization kinetics were observed to more fully understand how the barium strontium titanate (BST) phase forms so that the optimal energy density could be achieved. It was found that the activation energy was 400 - 430 kJ/mol, while the average Avrami parameter was 2.2 - 2.5 for BST 70/30 with various additives. The activation energy is close to the disassociation of the Si-O bonds, while crystallization most likely occurs in the bulk with the mechanism of growth being interface controlled. C1 [Gorzkowski, E. P.; Pan, M-J; Bender, B.; Wu, C. C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gorzkows@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1331-7 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIR76 UT WOS:000262360900005 ER PT S AU Pan, MJ Gorzkowski, EP Bender, BA Wu, CCM AF Pan, Ming-Jen Gorzkowski, Edward P. Bender, Barry A. Wu, Carl C. M. GP IEEE TI The Effect of Interfacial Polarization on the Energy Density of Ferroelectric Glass-Ceramics SO 2006 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Sunset Beach, NC SP IEEE DE glass-ceramics; interfacial polarization; hysteresis; energy density AB In the last two years, the US Naval Research Laboratory has been able to synthesize barium strontium titanate (BST)-based glass-ceramics with dielectric breakdown strength as high as 800 kV/cm and dielectric constant up to 1200. Unfortunately, the energy density of the candidate glass-ceramics was only similar to 1 joule/cc when measured using a discharge measurement circuit. Polarization-electric field measurements revealed wide open hysteresis loops, indicating that most of the electrical energy was not released during discharge. Subsequent experiments showed that the buildup of interfacial polarization was the likely cause in this composite dielectric system. Using the Maxwell-Wagner capacitor model, we were able to quantify the dielectric response of composites based on the permittivities; and conductivities of the constituent phases. The response was used to plot polarization-electric field hysteresis for energy density predictions. The results indicated that the aluminosilicate glass phase is the major contributor to the interfacial polarization in this glass-ceramic system. C1 [Pan, Ming-Jen; Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Bender, Barry A.; Wu, Carl C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1331-7 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIR76 UT WOS:000262360900006 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Pan, MJ AF Bender, Barry A. Pan, Ming-Jen GP IEEE TI The Effect of Doping and Composition on the Dielectric Properties and Sintering of a Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate-Based Ceramic Dielectric Composite SO 2006 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Sunset Beach, NC SP IEEE DE PMN-PT; dielectric constant; sintering; dielectric composite; Li(2)O dopant ID FABRICATION; SYSTEM AB A series of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ((1-x)Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-xPbTiO(3)) relaxor ferroelectrics (PMN-PT) are being used in the composite design of a stable high temperature high permittivity ceramic dielectric. However, pure PMN has a dielectric maximum no lower than -10 degrees C. To extend this range to lower temperatures niobium was replaced with tantalum. The tantalum-based component (PMTa-PT) is more refractory and does not sinter as easily as the PMN-PT components of the dielectric composite. The effect of lead oxide and lithium oxide as sintering aids was explored. Both dopants enhanced the sinterability of the tantalum-based component, while the lead oxide reduced its permittivity. At compositions above 0.70PMN-0.30PT, PMN-PT becomes less relaxor-like limiting the design of the stable dielectric to 140 degrees C. To extend this range to higher temperatures a composite approach was taken. A series of four compositions between 0.63 to 0.65 PMN-PT was fabricated. Trilayer composites were made from these compositions with 0.70PNM-0.30PT. By varying the thickness of the composite layers an optimal configuration for the high-temperature component of the composite dielectric was determined which extended the dielectric stable temperature range of the composite dielectric to 185 degrees C. C1 [Bender, Barry A.; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM barry.bender@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1331-7 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIR76 UT WOS:000262360900011 ER PT S AU Gorzkowski, EP Wu, CCM Pan, MJ DeGiorgi, VG AF Gorzkowski, Edward P. Wu, Carl C. M. Pan, Ming-Jen DeGiorgi, Virginia G. GP IEEE TI Initial Evaluation of the Fracture Behavior of Piezoelectric Single Crystals Due to Artificial Surface Defects SO 2006 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Sunset Beach, NC SP IEEE DE piezoelectric single crystal; focused ion beam; fracture behavior; surface defects AB This study is part of a new research program to develop fundamental understanding of the fracture and fatigue behavior of piezoelectric single crystals through the combination of computational and experimental approaches. In this work we present 1) recent experimental results on the creation of artificial surface defects in piezoelectric single crystals using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system and 2) initial observations on the crystal's fracture behavior under an electrical field. The major advantage of using a FIB is that one can control the size, shape, and orientation of artificial defects precisely, allowing realistic surface defects, e.g., half-penny-shaped, 100 mu m long, <1 mu m wide, and 50 Am deep. We have demonstrated that multiple artificial defects with varying inclination angles relative to the specimen's crystallographic orientation can be machined in a few hours. In this paper, we report the experimental details of the FIB milling, typical defect shape, and initial results on the effects of high electric field on the fracture behavior single crystals. C1 [Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Wu, Carl C. M.; Pan, Ming-Jen; DeGiorgi, Virginia G.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1331-7 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 256 EP 259 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIR76 UT WOS:000262360900061 ER PT B AU McEachen, JC Beng, WW AF McEachen, John C. Beng, Wang Wei GP IEEE TI Characterization of traffic in wireless sensor networks SO 2007 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Networks CY NOV 19-21, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE S Australia Sect, IEEE Singapore Comp Chap, ARC Commun Res Network, Univ S Australia, Inst Telecommun Res AB We present an analysis of traffic collected from different topologies of wireless sensor networks. Specifically, over 2.1 million packets were analyzed from two different and commonly used network topologies, namely a direct connection to a base station and a daisy-chained connection to the base. The data traffic between the nodes was captured over a composite period of 180 hours. Using the captured information, analysis was performed to categorize and identify the information through anomalies and variations of traffic patterns. Data was also be analyzed for self-similarity and statistical distribution. The results have shown that by monitoring the traffic distribution and types of message sent, traffic analysis is able to distinguish between the two topology setups. The status of the nodes can also be determined with the traffic collected. Examples include new nodes joining the network and operational status of the nodes. Statistical analysis has also been done and found that wireless sensor network traffic is not self-similar except for the interarrival time of the direct connection mode. C1 [McEachen, John C.; Beng, Wang Wei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1229-7 PY 2007 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHR09 UT WOS:000255590100059 ER PT B AU Srivastava, SK Cartes, DA Maturana, F Ferrese, F Pekala, M Zink, M Meeker, R Carnahan, D Staron, R Scheidt, D Huang, K AF Srivastava, S. K. Cartes, D. A. Maturana, F. Ferrese, F. Pekala, M. Zink, M. Meeker, R. Carnahan, D. Staron, R. Scheidt, D. Huang, K. GP IEEE TI A control system test bed for demonstration of distributed computational intelligence applied to reconfiguring heterogeneous systems SO 2007 1ST ANNUAL IEEE SYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual IEEE Systems Conference CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Syst Council, IEEE Reg 6 AB This paper presents a combined hardware/software simulation framework for testing and evaluating decentralized control methodologies for integrated mechanical and electrical systems on board US Navy ships. Integrated ship system control is a challenging domain as it involves a set of highly complex and inter-dependent systems, including electrical power, HVAC, and an underlying communications network. This control problem is especially difficult when damage events or current operational objectives require collaboration between the individual systems to make intelligent trade-offs that maximize overall effectiveness. C1 [Srivastava, S. K.; Cartes, D. A.; Meeker, R.; Huang, K.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, 2000 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Maturana, F.; Carnahan, D.; Staron, R.] Rockwell Automat, Mayfield Hights, OH 44124 USA. [Ferrese, F.; Zink, M.] Naval Surface Warface Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. [Pekala, M.; Scheidt, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Srivastava, SK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, 2000 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM sanjeev@caps.fsu.edu; dave@caps.fsu.edu; fpmaturana@ra.rockwell.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1040-8 PY 2007 BP 69 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR16 UT WOS:000250038800012 ER PT B AU Blunt, SD Dower, W Gerlach, K AF Blunt, Shannon D. Dower, William Gerlach, Karl GP IEEE TI Hybrid adaptive receive processing for multistatic radar SO 2007 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE AB For multiple radars operating within the same spectrum, the resulting mutual interference can severely degrade sensitivity. Recently, the Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm has demonstrated the ability to partially suppress multistatic interference to better estimate the illuminated range profiles. This estimation is accomplished by jointly determining, in an MMSE sense, the range cell complex amplitudes associated with each of the received radar waveforms. As the number of received radar signals increases, the residual error after the application of MAPC increases as well. However, instead of jointly estimating all the received signals, one may wish to selectively minimize the residual error for a particular received radar (e.g. the monostatic returns from the co-located transmitter). In this paper, selective error minimization is achieved by utilizing a MAPC-based variant of the CLEAN algorithm. The resulting hybrid CLEAN algorithm is shown to provide significant sensitivity improvement over MAPC alone. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Dower, William] Univ Kansas, Dept EECS, ITTC Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept EECS, ITTC Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1713-1 PY 2007 BP 49 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BHX36 UT WOS:000257193400013 ER PT B AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. GP IEEE TI Proportionate-type steepest descent and NLMS algorithms SO 2007 41ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 2007) CY MAR 14-16, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn AB In this paper, a unified framework for representing proportionate type algorithms is presented. This novel representation enables a systematic approach to the problem of design and analysis of proportionate type algorithms. Within this unified framework, the feasibility of predicting the performance of a stochastic proportionate algorithm by analyzing the performance of its associated deterministic steepest descent algorithm is investigated, and found to have merit. Using this insight, various steepest descent algorithms are studied and used to predict and explain the behavior of their counterpart stochastic algorithms. In particular, it is shown that the mu-PNLMS algorithm possesses robust behavior. In addition to this, the epsilon-PNLMS algorithm is proposed and its performance is evaluated. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1036-1 PY 2007 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1109/CISS.2007.4298271 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHD09 UT WOS:000252254400009 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE Levitt, K AF Irvine, Cynthia E. Levitt, Karl GP IEEE TI Trusted hardware: Can it be trustworthy? SO 2007 44TH ACM/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Design Automation Conference DAC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP ACM, IEEE DE trust; assurance; processor; FPGA; ASIC; threats; vulnerabilities; evaluation AB Processing and storage of confidential or critical information is an every day occurrence in computing systems. The trust,worthiness of computing devices has become an important consideration during hardware design and fabrication. For instance, devices are increasingly required to store confidential information. This includes data such as cryptographic keys, personal information, and the intellectual property (IP) in the device's design. Furthermore, computing systems in critical applications must work as specified. Therefore it is important that hardware be designed and fabricated to be trustworthy. Many potential attacks can be used to exploit a computing device. Physical attacks, that monitor power, timing, electromagnetic radiation, etc. can be used to steal confidential information from the system. A "malicious" foundry can perform a number of devious activities including stealing the mask, reverse engineering IP, subverting the hardware through back doors and time bombs, and overproducing counterfeit chips. Design tools can be subverted to insert malicious circuitry, and chip packagers can modify selected devices with their own that provide similar functionality, in addition to underhanded behavior, e.g. stealing information or malfunctioning at critical junctures. The notions of trust and trustworthiness are presented. Although rnajor challenges still confront secure software system development, there has been substantial progress. Techniques that have been useful in the context of software systems are described and their relevance to the hardware domain is discussed. Challenges to trusted hardware development are then explored. C1 [Irvine, Cynthia E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Levitt, Karl] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM irvine@nps.edu; kievitt@nsf.gov FU NSF [0524707] FX A portion of this material is based upon work supported by the NSF under Grant No. 0524707. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0738-100X BN 978-1-59593-771-1 J9 DES AUT CON PY 2007 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1109/DAC.2007.375041 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Manufacturing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Transportation GA BGQ28 UT WOS:000249725800001 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R Biswas, A James, J Mukhopadhyay, S AF Bharadwaj, Ramesh Biswas, Anupama James, Jerry Mukhopadhyay, Supratik GP IEEE TI uSOL: A programming language for sensor networks SO 2007 50TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY SEP 05-AUG 08, 2007-2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP RESMIQ, IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Hardent, Technol, Ecole Polytech Montreal AB We present an event-driven synchronous programming environment for coordinating and reorganizing sensor networks. More precisely, we present a synchronous programming language uSOL (Secure Operations Language with uncertainty) that has capabilities of handling service invocations asynchronously, provides strong typing to ensure enforcement of information flow and security policies, has constructs for handling uncertainty, and has the ability to deal with failures (both benign and byzantine) of network components. C1 [Bharadwaj, Ramesh] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Biswas, Anupama; James, Jerry; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik] Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil; anupama@cc.usu.edu; Jerry.James@usu.edu; supratik@cc.usu.edu FU Utah State University FX The authors would like to thank the Utah State University for partially supporting the research under an innovation fund grant. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-1175-7 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2007 BP 644 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHW88 UT WOS:000257110900163 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Raj, R Suh, D Wakharkar, V AF Dutta, I. Raj, R. Suh, D. Wakharkar, V. BE Vaidyanathan, K Tee, TY Lee, TK TI Novel liquid phase sintered Sn-In solders with tailorable properties for thermal interface material and interconnect applications SO 2007 9TH ELECTRONICS PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Electronics Packaging Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference CY DEC 10-12, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE CPMT Soc, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bureau ID COMPOSITE AB At present, there is significant interest in low-temperature, indium-based materials for both thermal interface material (TIM) applications as well as interconnect applications for packaging thermally sensitive next-generation devices. The attractive properties of these solders include: (i) high shear compliance under low strain rate conditions, and (ii) high electrical/thermal conductivity, both of which are critical for TIMs and interconnects. However, currently used indium-based solders suffer from 2 serious shortcomings: (i) high cost due to high indium content, and (ii) very low compressive strength and creep resistance which may lead to structural instability following heat-sink attachment. In order to circumvent these problems, and also introduce a built-in melting point hierarchy following initial reflow, a radically different approach for producing microelectronic solder joints based on liquid phase sintering (LPS) is being developed. In this paper, we report on the processing and characterization of LPS Sn-In solders, the microstructure of which consists predominantly of particles of the high melting Sri and a smaller amount of particles of low melting In. By optimizing the In content, highly compliant LPS solders with flow stresses close to that of pure In were obtained. The electrical and thermal conductivity of the LPS solder was found to be about half that of pure In. Following LPS, the melting point of the solder was found to have increased by 30-40 degrees C, thereby enabling this material to be resistant to melting during subsequent high temperature packaging steps. Finally, it is demonstrated that metallurgically good joints can be produced between this new solder and Cu substrates during a single step which combined LPS with joining. C1 [Dutta, I.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Raj, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suh, D.; Wakharkar, V.] Intel Corp, Assembly Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU INTEL Corporation FX This research was supported by INTEL Corporation. The authors gratefully acknowledge their many discussions with Dr. R. Mahajan of INTEL, whose guidance and mentorship were invaluable to this work. The authors are also grateful to Drs. C.M. Nagaraj and T. Chen for their assistance with the experimental work. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1324-9 J9 EL PACKAG TECH CONF PY 2007 BP 365 EP + DI 10.1109/EPTC.2007.4469831 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHK57 UT WOS:000253874600066 ER PT S AU Patankar, R Rajagopalan, V Tolani, D Ray, A Begin, M AF Patankar, Ravindra Rajagopalan, Venkatesh Tolani, Devendra Ray, Asok Begin, Michael GP IEEE TI Prognosis of failure precursor in complex electrical systems using symbolic dynamics SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY DE symbolic time series analysis; anomaly detection; health monitoring; electrical system AB Failures in a plant's electrical components are a major source of performance degradation and plant unavailability. In order to detect and monitor failure precursors and anomalies early in electrical systems, we have developed signal processing capabilities that can detect and map patterns in already existing and available signals to an anomaly measure. Toward this end, the language measure theory based on real analysis, finite state automaton, symbolic dynamics and information theory has been deployed. Application of this theory for electronic circuit failure precursor detection resulted in a robust statistical pattern recognition technique. This technique was observed to be superior to conventional pattern recognition techniques such as neural networks and principal component analysis for anomaly detection because it exploits a common physical fact underling most anomalies which conventional techniques do not. Symbolic dynamic technique resulted in a monotonically increasing smooth anomaly plot which was experimentally repeatable to a remarkable accuracy. For the Van der Pol oscillator circuit board experiment, this lead to consistently accurate predictions for the anomaly parameter and its range. C1 [Patankar, Ravindra; Tolani, Devendra] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Rajagopalan, Venkatesh] Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Begin, Michael] NavAir, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Patankar, R (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM rpatankar@i-a-i.com; vxr139@psu.edu; dtolani@i-a-i.com; axr2@psu.edu; michael.begin@navy.mil FU NavAir [N68335-05-C-0096]; Army Research Office [DAAD 19-01-1-0646] FX This work is supported in part by the NavAir Contract No. N68335-05-C-0096 and Army Research Office Grant No. DAAD 19-01-1-0646. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 479 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258800081 ER PT S AU Bollino, KP Ross, IM AF Bollino, Kevin P. Ross, I. Michael GP IEEE TI A pseudospectral feedback method for real-time optimal guidance of reentry vehicles SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB Motivated by the emerging needs of the nextgeneration of reusable launch vehicles (RLV), a pseudospectral (PS) feedback method is designed and applied to guide an RLV across multiple phases of an entry trajectory. That is, by generating real-time, open-loop, optimal controls, it is shown that a single PS-feedback law successfully guides an X-33-type vehicle in the presence of large disturbances, g-load and heating-rate constraints. The notion of a Caratheodory-pi solution is used to design, develop and implement the guidance algorithm. C1 [Bollino, Kevin P.; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bollino, KP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bollinok@verizon.net; imross@nps.edu FU AFRL; AFOSR [F1ATA0-60-6-2G002] FX We gratefully acknowledge Pooya Sekhavat, Qi Gong, and Andy Fleming for their contributions in developing and testing the PS-feedback algorithm. This research was supported in part by AFRL and AFOSR under Grant F1ATA0-60-6-2G002. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 2179 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258801127 ER PT S AU Emami, T Watkins, JM O'Brien, RT AF Emami, Tooran Watkins, John M. O'Brien, Richard T. GP IEEE TI A unified procedure for continuous-time and discrete-time root-locus and bode design SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB As an alternative to the numerous distinct controller design algorithms in continuous-time and discrete-time classical control textbooks, a simple, unified design approach is presented for all standard continuous-time and discrete-time, classical compensators that is independent of the form of the linear system information. This approach is based on a simple root locus design procedure for a proportional-derivative (PD) compensator. From this procedure, design procedures for unified notation lead, proportional-integral (PI), proportional-integral-derivative (PID), and PI-lead compensator are developed. The delta operator, which serves as a link between the continuous-time and discrete-time procedures, offers improved numerical properties to the traditional discrete-time shift operator. With this proposed approach, designers can concentrate on the larger control system design issues, such as compensator selection and closed-loop performance, rather than the intricacies of a particular design procedure. C1 [Emami, Tooran; Watkins, John M.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1845 Fairmont, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [O'Brien, Richard T.] US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Emami, T (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1845 Fairmont, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM txemami@wichita.edu; j.watkins@ieee.org; riobrien@usna.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 3675 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802137 ER PT S AU Choi, HL How, JP Hansen, JA AF Choi, Han-Lim How, Jonathan P. Hansen, James A. GP IEEE TI Ensemble-based adaptive targeting of mobile sensor networks SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL AB This work presents an efficient algorithm for an observation targeting problem that is complicated by the combinatorial number of targeting choices. The approach explicitly incorporates an ensemble forecast to ensure that the measurements are chosen based on their expected improvement in the forecast at a separate verification time and location. The primary improvements in the efficiency are obtained by computing the impact of each possible measurement on the uncertainty reduction over this verification site backwards. In particular, the approach determines the impact of a series of fictitious observations taken at the verification site back on the search space (and time), which provides all of the information needed to optimize the set of measurements to take and significantly reduces the number of times that the computationally expensive ensemble updates must be performed. A computation time analysis and numerical performance simulations using the two-dimensional Lorenz-95 chaos model are presented to validate the computational advantage of the proposed algorithm over conventional search strategies. C1 [Choi, Han-Lim; How, Jonathan P.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hansen, James A.] Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Choi, HL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hanlimc@mit.edu FU NSF [CNS-0540331] FX This work is funded by NSF CNS-0540331 as part of the DDDAS program with Dr. Frederica Darema as the overall program manager. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4469 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803035 ER PT S AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W AF Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael Kang, Wei GP IEEE TI A unified pseudospectral framework for nonlinear controller and observer design SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB As a result of significant progress in pseudospectral methods for real-time dynamic optimization, it has become apparent in recent years that it is possible to present a unified framework for both controller and observer design. In this paper, we present such an approach for nonlinear systems. The method can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear systems. The convergence of the proposed computational method is guaranteed under verifiable conditions. Several numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed computational framework. C1 [Gong, Qi] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kang, Wei] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM qi.gong@utsa.edu; imross@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu FU AFOSR [F1ATA0-60-6-2G002] FX This research was supported in part by AFOSR under grant F1ATA0-60-6-2G002 and the Secretary of the Air Force. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4562 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803051 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K AF O'Brien, Richard T. Kiriakidis, Kiriakos GP IEEE TI Finite-horizon, discrete-time variable tolerance H-infinity filtering SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB The discrete-time, variable tolerance H-infinity filtering problem is presented. The variable tolerance is specified at every time sample and guarantees a feasible tolerance value without an iterative design process. The variable tolerance H-infinity filtering problem generalizes the standard constant tolerance H-infinity filtering problem and, as a result, leads to a straightforward procedure for approximating the optimal value, gamma inf, of the constant tolerance problem. Furthermore, the more general setting of the variable tolerance problem admits an improved H-infinity filter with a smaller L2 gain than the constant tolerance H-infinity filter. Applications of a variable tolerance to the H-infinity control problem are discussed as well. C1 [O'Brien, Richard T.; Kiriakidis, Kiriakos] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu; kiriakid@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4581 EP 4585 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803054 ER PT S AU Robertson, MJ Erwin, RS AF Robertson, Michael J. Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Command shapers for systems with actuator saturation SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT; VIBRATION AB Command shapers are used to create inputs that move flexible systems without residual vibration. Originally developed for linear systems, command shapers use superposition of the inputs to cancel vibration and control the system response. Nonlinearities in the system degrade the performance of traditional command shapers. The presence of "hard" nonlinearities, such as actuator saturation, distort the desired commands before they reach the plant. Command shapers that avoid saturating the actuators, thus allowing the desired command to reach the plant in the original form, have been developed for a mass under PD control. These shapers are easier to compute than previously shown results. Simulations verify the efficacy of the new shapers. C1 [Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM mroberts@usna.gov; Richard.erwin@kirtland.af.mil FU National Research Council FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Fellowship. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4592 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803056 ER PT S AU Braganza, D Feernster, M Dawson, D AF Braganza, D. Feernster, M. Dawson, D. GP IEEE TI Positioning of large surface vessels using multiple tugboats SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID SHIP AB In this paper, the positioning of large surface vessels using multiple, autonomous tugboats is investigated. Specifically, the paper investigates the development of an adaptive position controller that compensates for select system parameters such as mass and drag coefficients and also for an unknown thrust configuration matrix which is the result of unknown tugboat locations. The control design is facilitated by strategic placement of the tugs about the vessel hull such that it does not require transmission of information between the tugs. Performance of the controller is investigated by simulations for a scaled model of a surface vessel. C1 [Braganza, D.; Dawson, D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Feernster, M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Braganza, D (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dbragan@ces.clemson.edu FU DOC Grant; ARO Automotive Center Grant; DOE Contract; Honda Corporation Grant and a DARPA Contract at Clemson University; ONR [N0001406WR20391]; U.S. Naval Academy FX This work is supported in part by a DOC Grant, an ARO Automotive Center Grant, a DOE Contract, a Honda Corporation Grant and a DARPA Contract at Clemson University and in part by ONR Grant N0001406WR20391 at the U.S. Naval Academy. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4896 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803107 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Hovakimyan, N Kaminer, I Patel, VV Dobrokhodov, V AF Cao, Chengyu Hovakimyan, Naira Kaminer, Isaac Patel, Vijay V. Dobrokhodov, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Stabilization of cascaded systems via L-1 adaptive controller with application to a UAV path following problem and flight test results SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB This paper presents a theoretical framework for augmenting an existing autopilot by an adaptive element so that it tracks a given smooth reference command with desired specifications. The main contribution of the approach is that it allows for augmenting the autopilot without any modifications to it. The augmentative adaptive element is based on the L-1 adaptive output feedback control architecture developed in [1]. The complete path following architecture of this paper enables a UAV with an off-the-shelf autopilot to follow a predetermined path that it was not otherwise designed to follow. The paper concludes with flight test results performed in Camp Roberts, CA, in February of 2007. C1 [Cao, Chengyu; Hovakimyan, Naira; Patel, Vijay V.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kaminer, Isaac; Dobrokhodov, Vladimir] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM chengyu@vt.edu; nhovakim@vt.edu; kaminer@nps.edu; vvp2069@vt.edu; vldobr@nps.edu RI Dobrokhodov, Vladimir/C-3443-2009 FU ONR [N00014-05-1-0828]; AFOSR [FA9550-05-1-0157.] FX Research is supported by ONR under Contract N00014-05-1-0828 and AFOSR under Contract No. FA9550-05-1-0157. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 5347 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258804022 ER PT S AU Sekhavat, P Gong, Q Ross, IM AF Sekhavat, Pooya Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael GP IEEE TI NPSAT1 parameter estimation using unscented Kalman filtering SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID ATTITUDE AB NPSAT1 is a small satellite being built at the Naval Postgraduate School and scheduled to launch in 2007. It primarily employs magnetic sensing and actuation for attitude control. The nature of the in-house fabrication and assembly of the spacecraft requires reliable computational estimation of the difficult-to-measure parameters of the end-product. The inherent nonlinear dynamics of the system makes the observer design a challenging problem. This paper presents the successful implementation of the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for the spacecraft parameter estimation. Since a three-axis magnetometer is the only sensor onboard, the UKF algorithm also estimates the system orientation and angular velocity. The unit quaternion constraint is enforced by treating the norm of the quaternions as a dummy measurement. Simulations and,ground test experimental results show the superior performance of the UKF in spacecraft dual state-parameter estimation. C1 [Sekhavat, Pooya; Gong, Qi; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro Eng, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sekhavat, Pooya; Gong, Qi; Ross, I. Michael] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Sekhavat, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro Eng, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM psekhava@nps.edu; qi.gong@utsa.edu; imross@nps.edu FU AFOSR [F1ATA0-60-6-2G002]; Secretary of the Air Force FX The authors are grateful to Jim Horning, Dan Sakoda and Ron Phelps for their assistance in the experimental setup and interfacing. This research was supported in part by AFOSR under Grant No F1ATA0-60-6-2G002 and the Secretary of the Air Force. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 5365 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258804025 ER PT S AU Ball, JE Bruce, LM AF Ball, John E. Bruce, Lori Mann GP IEEE TI Level set-based core segmentation of mammographic masses facilitating three stage (core, periphery, spiculation) analysis SO 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16 SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE breast cancer; cancer; Chan-Vese; computer aided detection; CAD; digital mammography; image segmentation; level sets; spiculations; stellate lesions AB We present mammographic mass core segmentation, based on the Chan-Vese level set method. The proposed method is analyzed via resulting feature efficacies. Additionally, the core segmentation method is used to investigate the idea of a three stage segmentation approach, i.e. segment the mass core, periphery, and spiculations (if any exist) and use features from these three segmentations to classify the mass as either benign or malignant. The proposed core segmentation method and a proposed end-to-end computer aided detection (CAD) system using a three stage segmentation are implemented and experimentally tested with a set of 60 mammographic images from the Digital Database of Screening Mammography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve A(Z) values for morphological and texture features extracted from the core segmentation are shown to be on par, or better, than those extracted from a periphery segmentation. The efficacy of the core segmentation features when combined with the periphery and spiculation segmentation features are shown to be feature set dependent. The proposed end-to-end system uses stepwise linear discriminant analysis for feature selection and a maximum likelihood classifier. Using all three stages (core + periphery + spiculations) results in an overall accuracy (OA) of 90% with 2 false negatives (FN). Since many CAD systems only perform a periphery analysis, adding core features could be a benefit to potentially increase OA and reduce FN cases. C1 [Ball, John E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. RP Ball, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. EM john.e.ball@navy.mil; bruce@hpc.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 978-1-4244-0787-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2007 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352416 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHI92 UT WOS:000253467000208 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Krogager, E Ainsworth, TL Boemer, WM AF Lee, Jong-Sen Krogager, Ernst Ainsworth, Thomas L. Boemer, Wolfgang-Martin GP IEEE TI Polarimetric Analysis of Radar Signature of a Manmade Structure SO 2007 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Microwave Conference CY DEC 11-14, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND ID DECOMPOSITION AB Identification of manmade structures from radar images has always been a difficult task, especially for single-polarization radar. Fully polarimetric radar, however, can provide detailed information on scattering mechanisms that could enable the target or the structure to be identified. Complexity remains stemming from overlaps of single bounce scattering, double bounce scattering and triple and higher order bounce scattering from various components of manmade structure that makes physical interpretation a challenge. In this paper, we will present an interesting example using polarimetric SAR data of the Great Belt Bridge, Denmark, to illustrate the capability of polarimetric SAR in analyzing radar signatures. Polarimetric target decomposition is used to differentiate the multiple bounce scattering contributions contained in the polarimetric SAR images. Two C-band Danish EMISAR data takes, the first obtained during the bridge's construction and the second after its completion, are used to extract the scattering characteristics of the bridge deck, bridge cables and supporting structures. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krogager, Ernst] Danish Def Res Estab, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Boemer, Wolfgang-Martin] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; ernst@krogager.dk; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; boerner@ece.uic.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0748-4 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2007 BP 2532 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIO52 UT WOS:000261353301252 ER PT B AU Butler, JJ Sueoka, SR Montgomery, SR Flom, SR Pong, RGS Shirk, JS Taunay, TE Wright, BM Hu, J Menyuk, CR AF Butler, James J. Sueoka, Stacey R. Montgomery, Steven R. Flom, Steven R. Pong, Richard G. S. Shirk, James S. Taunay, Thierry E. Wright, Barbara M. Hu, Jonathan Menyuk, Curtis R. GP IEEE TI Optical limiting in solid-core photonic crystal fibers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Optical limiting in solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with reverse-saturable absorbers has been observed. A sharp change in limiting threshold was found for materials in the fiber holes with refractive indices near n = 1.44. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Butler, James J.; Sueoka, Stacey R.] Pacific Univ, Dept Phys, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. [Montgomery, Steven R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Flom, Steven R.; Pong, Richard G. S.; Shirk, James S.; Taunay, Thierry E.; Wright, Barbara M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hu, Jonathan; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), Pacific Univ, Dept Phys, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. EM jjbutler@pacificu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 227 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000114 ER PT B AU Lou, JW Currie, M Fatemi, FK AF Lou, Janet W. Currie, Marc Fatemi, Fredrik K. GP IEEE TI Subpicosecond Soliton Outputs from an Entirely Normal-Dispersion Fiber Laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID PULSES AB We experimentally demonstrate chirped solitary pulses from an entirely normal dispersion mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. Using frequency-resolved optical gating, we study the pulse amplitude and phase before and after the mode-locker and after pulse compression. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Lou, Janet W.; Currie, Marc; Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM janet.lou@nr.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000126 ER PT B AU Ali, D Thompson, P Goldhar, J DiPasquale, J Richardson, CJK AF Ali, Dyan Thompson, Phillip Goldhar, Julius DiPasquale, Joseph, III Richardson, Christopher J. K. GP IEEE TI Silicon-Germanium p-i-n Photodetectors at Telecommunication Wavelengths Grown Directly on Silicon SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report on Si-rich Si1-xGex p-i-n waveguide detectors with responsivities greater than 0.74A/W at 1.3 mu m and 20K. We present two photodetector designs for 1.3 mu m detection on Silicon without virtual buffer relaxation layers. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Ali, Dyan; Goldhar, Julius; DiPasquale, Joseph, III; Richardson, Christopher J. K.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thompson, Phillip] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ali, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dyanali@lps.umd.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 289 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000146 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Larrabee, DC Nolde, JA Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Larrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI High-Power/High-Temperature CW Narrow-Ridge Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers with a 12-mu m-wide ridge and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heat sinking operated cw up to 257 K and produced 100 mW/facet at 80 K. A distributed-feedback laser emitted 40 mW of cw power into a single mode. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Larrabee, D. C.; Nolde, J. A.; Lindle, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 500 EP 501 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000252 ER PT B AU Shi, ZM Boyd, RW Gauthier, DJ Dudley, CC AF Shi, Zhimin Boyd, Robert W. Gauthier, Daniel J. Dudley, C. C. GP IEEE TI Enhancing the Spectral Sensitivity and Resolution of Interferometers Using Slow-Light Media SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate experimentally that the spectral sensitivity and resolution of an interferometer can be greatly enhanced by introducing a slow-light medium into it with an enhancement factor equal to the group index of the medium. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Shi, Zhimin; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Gauthier, Daniel J.] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Ctr Photon & Commun Syst, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dudley, C. C.] US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, ZM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM zshi@optics.rochester.edu RI Gauthier, Daniel/G-1336-2011 OI Gauthier, Daniel/0000-0002-4473-217X FU DARPA/DSO Slow Light program; NSF; Basic research at Naval Research Laboratory - 6.1 base FX This work was supported by the DARPA/DSO Slow Light program and by the NSF. Basic research at Naval Research Laboratory was supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 667 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000336 ER PT B AU Garzarella, A Wu, DH Hinton, RJ AF Garzarella, Anthony Wu, Dong Ho Hinton, Randall J. GP IEEE TI Progress in High Sensitivity Electro-optic Field Sensors SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Compact Electro-optic (EO) sensors for nonperturbative electric field detection are described, along with several interesting parasitic effects which can be suppressed or exploited to enhance the sensor responsivity. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Garzarella, Anthony; Wu, Dong Ho] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hinton, Randall J.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 683 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000344 ER PT B AU Shirk, JS Beadie, G Lepkowicz, RS Jin, Y Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Shirk, James S. Beadie, Guy Lepkowicz, Richard S. Jin, Y. Baer, E. Hiltner, A. GP IEEE TI Biomimetic Optical Polymers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A new class of nanostructured polymer optical materials can mimic biological optical materials. Application to gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses with an unprecedented variety of index gradients and a nonlinear 1-D photonic crystal are described C1 [Shirk, James S.; Beadie, Guy; Lepkowicz, Richard S.] USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jin, Y.; Baer, E.; Hiltner, A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Shirk, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shirk@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1087 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000546 ER PT B AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. GP IEEE TI Tunable Fabry-Perot Waveguide Microcavities with High Index Contrast Mirrors SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Tunable micromachined SOI Fabry-Perot waveguide cavities with high-index-contrast silicon/air Bragg mirrors are demonstrated. The devices can be tuned thermo-optically or using integrated micro-electro-mechanical systems. Device fabrication, experimental data, and simulation results will be presented. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.; Stievater, Todd H.; Rabinovich, William S.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch Code 5654, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcel.pruessner@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1247 EP 1248 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001063 ER PT B AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Khurgin, JB Kanakaraju, S AF Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Park, D. Khurgin, J. B. Kanakaraju, S. GP IEEE TI Micromachined Quantum-Well Air-Clad Waveguides SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID MEMS; SWITCHES AB We have used surface micromachining to fabricate suspended InGaAs quantum well waveguides that are supported by lateral tethers. Their enhanced electro-optical and nonlinear-optical properties will be discussed. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1484 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001183 ER PT B AU Currie, M Lou, JW Vurgaftman, I AF Currie, Marc Lou, Janet W. Vurgaftman, Igor GP IEEE TI Optical Control of Microwave Phase SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB The detected phase of a microwave signal modulated on an optical carrier can be modified by driving the photodetector into saturation. We demonstrate a phase change of similar to 60 degrees at 20 GHz. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Currie, Marc; Lou, Janet W.; Vurgaftman, Igor] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1712 EP 1713 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001298 ER PT B AU Melinger, JS Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. GP IEEE TI High Resolution Terahertz Spectroscopy of Organic Polycrystalline Thin Films Using a Parallel Metal Plate Waveguide SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A vibrational line narrowing effect is observed for organic polycrystalline films cast onto the surface of a parallel plate waveguide and results in a more informative THz absorption spectrum when compared to conventional THz spectroscopy. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laman, N.; Harsha, S. Sree; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; grischd@ceat.okstate.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1744 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001314 ER PT B AU Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D Melinger, JS AF Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. Melinger, Joseph S. GP IEEE TI Narrow-Line THz bsorption Spectra of Deoxycytidine and D-Glucose Films in Parallel Plate Waveguides SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY AB THz absorption spectra of planar polycrystalline films of Deoxycytidine and D-Glucose were measured at 295 K and 77 K via parallel plate waveguides. The observed linewidths are considerably narrower compared to conventional THz spectroscopy. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Laman, N.; Harsha, S. Sree; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Omputer Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laman, N (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Omputer Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM grischd@ceat.okstate.edu; melinger@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1746 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001315 ER PT B AU Terraciano, ML Olson, SE Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Fatemi, FK AF Terraciano, M. L. Olson, S. E. Bashkansky, M. Dutton, Z. Fatemi, F. K. GP IEEE TI Velocity-Selective Two-Photon Resonances with Blue and Red Detunings in a Cold Atomic Sample SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We explore a cooling mechanism that results from a two-photon Raman process resonant with a particular velocity class of atoms. We have seen evidence for cooling with both red and blue detuned light. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Terraciano, M. L.; Olson, S. E.; Bashkansky, M.; Dutton, Z.; Fatemi, F. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terraciano, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Matthew.Terraciano@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1820 EP 1821 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001353 ER PT B AU Khurgin, JB Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Khurgin, J. B. Pruessner, M. W. Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. GP IEEE TI Add-drop filters based on mode conversion cavities SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A resonator defined by mode-converting gratings in a waveguide is proposed This resonator can exhibit narrow resonances similar to Fabry-Perot with an advantage of being a four-port device capable of serving as an add-drop filter. (C) Optical Society of America C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pruessner, M. W.; Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20315 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1854 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001370 ER PT B AU Lou, JW Currie, M AF Lou, Janet W. Currie, Marc GP IEEE TI Green and Ultraviolet Pulse Generation Using a Low-Repetition-Rate Mode-Locked Yb-Doped Fiber Laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Using a compact 1-mu pm mode-locked fiber source, we demonstrate 2nd harmonic generation (540 nm) of 0.4 W and 4th harmonic generation (270 nm) of 0.1 W with subpicosecond pulse durations. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Lou, Janet W.; Currie, Marc] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM janet.lou@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2163 EP 2164 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001526 ER PT B AU Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Giuliani, JL Myers, MC Obenschain, SP Hegeler, F Friedman, M Burns, PM Lehmberg, RH Jaynes, R AF Wolford, M. F. Sethian, J. D. Giuliani, J. L. Myers, M. C. Obenschain, S. P. Hegeler, F. Friedman, M. Burns, P. M. Lehmberg, R. H. Jaynes, R. GP IEEE TI Electra: An Electron Beam Pumped 730 J Rep-Rate KrF Laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Electra has operated in oscillator mode for multi-thousand shot runs continuously at 1, 2.5 and 5 Hz. The Electra single pass pre-amplifier produces 23 Joules and is being incorporated into the laser system. (C)2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Wolford, M. F.; Sethian, J. D.; Giuliani, J. L.; Myers, M. C.; Obenschain, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hegeler, F.; Friedman, M.] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria 22315, VA USA. [Burns, P. M.; Lehmberg, R. H.] Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Jaynes, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.wolford@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 FU U.S. Department of Energy; NNSA/DP FX Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy , NNSA/DP. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2379 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001636 ER PT B AU Elliott, E Lehman, C Narducci, FA AF Elliott, E. Lehman, C. Narducci, F. A. GP IEEE TI DAVLL with absolute frequency reference SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report on a simple addition to the standard DAVLL that combines the large frequency capture range of the DAVLL and the precision structure information available from standard saturated absorption. Experimental measurements are presented. C1 [Elliott, E.; Lehman, C.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Elliott, E (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187 Suite 3190,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM Francesco.Narducci@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2518 EP 2519 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001708 ER PT B AU Sun, B Xu, XD Cheng, J Wu, YW Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Yao, W Sham, LJ AF Sun, Bo Xu, Xiaodong Cheng, Jun Wu, Yanwen Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Yao, Wang Sham, L. J. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Optical Probe of a Singly-Charged Stranski-Krastanow Quantum Dot SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate coherent nonlinear response from a singly-charged self assembled quantum dot. A degenerate differential transmission spectrum shows carrier tunneling, leading to a Fano profile. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Bo; Xu, Xiaodong; Cheng, Jun; Wu, Yanwen; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yao, Wang; Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sun, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu; gammon@nrl.navy.mil; lsham@ucsd.edu FU ARO; AFOSR; ONR; LPS; FOCUS-NSF FX This work is supported by ARO, AFOSR, ONR, LPS, and FOCUS-NSF. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2538 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001718 ER PT B AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S. Reinecke, T. L. GP IEEE TI Optical Linewidth and Dephasing in Single InAs Quantum Dots and Coupled Dot-Microcavity Systems SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We study effects of carrier-phonon interactions on the optical spectra of single semiconductor quantum dots in etched mesas and dots imbedded in semiconductor cavities. The temperature dependence of the exciton linewidths in single dots is compared with experimental results. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Rudin, S.] USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Reinecke, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM srudin@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2542 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001720 ER PT B AU Esenturk, O Melinger, JS Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, Okan Melinger, Joseph S. Heilweil, Edwin J. GP IEEE TI Intrinsic Photoconductivity of P3HT films Measured by Time-Resolved THz spectroscopy SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID MORPHOLOGY AB Intrinsic photoconductivities of P3HT polymers were measured and compared by using optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. The charge carrier mobility shows a clear dependence on the molecular weight and dispersion index of the polymers. C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Esenturk, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM okane@umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2743 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001822 ER PT B AU Goshorn, R Goshorn, J Goshorn, D Aghajan, H AF Goshorn, Rachel Goshorn, Joshua Goshorn, Deborah Aghajan, Hamid GP IEEE TI Architecture for cluster-based automated surveillance network for detecting and tracking multiple persons SO 2007 FIRST ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED SMART CAMERAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC-07) CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ACM SIGBED, ACM SIGMM, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, Klagenfurt Univ, NXP Semicond, IBM, Austrian Res Ctr, FIT IT Visual Comp DE surveillance systems; distributed camera networks; cluster architecture; feature extraction; camera handoffs; tracking; detection AB The demand for surveillance systems to detect, identify, and track objects of interest across large areas calls for scalable camera networks with local tracking decisions enabling efficient feature extraction and reporting. This paper describes one such smart system, comprised of a cluster-based architecture employing hierarchical algorithms to aptly fuse features for detection and tracking of several persons simultaneously. In the proposed architecture, cameras of similar fields of view and proximities form a cluster; clusters act as elements in the multi-camera network, enabling cluster-to-cluster surveillance handoff as opposed to the traditional camera-to-camera handoff of tracked persons, thus greatly decreasing the network bandwidth utilization and complexity. The paper assumes the network has configured itself a priori into clusters, and is aware of adjacent clusters. For each tracked person, one camera per cluster is selected with the 'best' view and acts as the Camera Selection Manager (CSM) for the person. The system adaptively selects the CSM via a three-phase algorithm to (1) extract features of interest based on tracking, (2) fuse these features to compute a robust camera selection score, and (3) broadcast the camera selection scores to the current CSM to select the next CSM. A Kalman filter is used for tracking the features of interest in a cluster. This paper proposes a network-wide (inter-cluster) architecture for detecting and tracking multiple persons, while the paper focuses on intra-cluster processing of a single person. Experimental results for intra-cluster tracking and simulation results for network-wide (inter-cluster) tracking of multiple persons are provided. C1 [Goshorn, Rachel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Goshorn, Joshua] JLG Technol Inc, Framingham, MA USA. [Goshorn, Deborah] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Aghajan, Hamid] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Goshorn, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1353-9 PY 2007 BP 210 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHM82 UT WOS:000254383500029 ER PT B AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Lawson, E Baker, P AF Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz Lawson, Edgar Baker, Patrick GP IEEE TI Toward a human-like approach to face recognition SO 2007 FIRST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 07) CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Crystal City, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID EIGENFACES; IMAGES; LIGHT AB Recently [15] proposed an approach for capturing a human similarity measure within a classifier, e.g., an artificial neural network, for face recognition. This is done by automatically generating and labeling arbitrarily large sets of morphed images (typically tens of thousands) in agreement with a human critic. One set is composed of images with reduced resemblance to the imaged person, yet recognizable by humans as that person (positive exemplars); the second set consists of images with some resemblance to the imaged person, but not enough to be recognizable as that person (negative exemplars). For each person of interest, a dedicated classifier is developed. From a practical point of view, it appears that the most challenging aspect of that approach is to completely enclose the decision region belonging to the person of interest. Because of the high dimensionality of the huamn face space, this is not simple matter especially for certain subjects. In this paper, we propose a new operator that morphs the image of the target person away from those of others. The new operator when applied together with the previous operator (morphing toward) helps to close the constructed decision region. Also, in this paper we propose the utilization of two networks for each target person; the added network covers not just the eyes and nose, but practically the entire face though in a coarse fashion. The second network, FaceNet, screens images before they are presented to the first network, EyeNet. The new developments have reduced the false accept rate by orders of magnitude with minimal impact on false reject rate. It now appreas, more than before, that the following important and long desired goal is within reach: "The similarity measure used in a face recognition system should be designed so that humans' ability to perform face recognition and recall are imitated as closely as possible by the machine [5]". C1 [Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz; Lawson, Edgar; Baker, Patrick] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1596-0 PY 2007 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHP81 UT WOS:000255193800050 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY AF Shaw, Jonathan L. Hsu, David S. Y. GP IEEE TI Hydrogen ion production using carbon nanotube field emitter arrays SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Shaw, Jonathan L.; Hsu, David S. Y.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500003 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Cahay, M Montgomery, EJ AF Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. Moody, N. A. Cahay, M. Montgomery, E. J. GP IEEE TI Development of a general thermal-field-photoemission model and its relation to current density, emittance, and beam brightness SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Jensen, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.; Montgomery, E. J.] Univ Maryland, Res Inst, Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500019 ER PT B AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, David S. Y. Shaw, Jonathan L. GP IEEE TI Open aperture microgated carbon nanotube FEAs SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Hsu, David S. Y.; Shaw, Jonathan L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500037 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Petillo, JJ Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Shaw, JL Yater, JE AF Jensen, K. L. Petillo, J. J. Feldman, D. W. Montgomery, E. J. O'Shea, P. G. Moody, N. A. Shaw, J. L. Yater, J. E. GP IEEE TI Application of a general electron emission equation to surface non-uniformity and current density variation SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Jensen, K. L.; Shaw, J. L.; Yater, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, J. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; Montgomery, E. J.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD USA. [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kljensen@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500077 ER PT B AU Martin, RK Kragh, F AF Martin, Richard K. Kragh, Frank GP IEEE TI Analysis of pseudo-random timing for low observable communication signals SO 2007 IEEE 8TH WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP IEEE ID DOUBLY SELECTIVE CHANNELS; EQUALIZATION AB It is often desirable to transmit a communication signal in such a way that information cannot be extracted from it by a non-cooperative receiver. Typically, this is accomplished via encryption, which codes the bits such that information cannot be extracted from them. In this paper, we consider an added layer of protection to make it difficult for a noncooperative receiver to reliably extract bits from the received signal. This will be termed "low observable (LO) communications." Specifically, we investigate the use of a pseudo-random (PR) timing phase as a means of disrupting blind cyclostationarity-based equalization algorithms. We model the PR timing pattern as a doubly (time and frequency) selective channel. We show that if the PR timing pattern is known, channel identification can be performed, and otherwise it cannot be reliably performed. As opposed to spread-spectrum techniques, PR timing provides LO communications without consuming additional bandwidth. C1 [Martin, Richard K.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kragh, Frank] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; fekragh@nps.edu FU Air Force Rescearch Laboratory; Sensors Directorate FX Funded in part by the Air Force Rescearch Laboratory, Sensors Directorate. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the United States Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0954-9 PY 2007 BP 355 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHQ52 UT WOS:000255431000072 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Martinez, T Teare, SW AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Teare, Scott W. GP IEEE TI Atmospheric turbulence generator using a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Many devices are now being used in Adaptive Optics Systems for compensating atmospheric distortions. We have developed a testbed that simulates atmospheric aberrations using a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator and the speed in which they vary may be controlled.(1 2) This system allows the simulation of seeing conditions ranging from very poor to very good and these aberrations to be compensated by a second device. This second device may be a deformable mirror in conjunction with an Adaptive Optics System. Using these two devices simultaneously provides a well-defined quantitative characterization of the system and residual wavefront error using Point Spread Function and interferometric techniques.allows the simulation of seeing conditions ranging from very poor to very good and these aberrations to be compensated by a second device. This second device may be a deformable mirror in conjunction with an Adaptive Optics System. Using these two devices simultaneously provides a well-defined quantitative characterization of the system and residual wavefront error using Point Spread Function and interferometric techniques. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Teare, Scott W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1730 EP 1737 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301066 ER PT S AU Andrews, J Teare, SW Restaino, SR Martinez, T Wilcox, C Wick, D AF Andrews, Jonathan Teare, Scott W. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher Wick, David GP IEEE TI A high speed reflective wave front sensor using a novel MEM device SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Sandia National Laboratory has constructed several segmented Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM) deformable mirrors that are under investigation for their suitability in Adaptive Optics systems for the Naval Research Laboratory. These mirrors are constructed in a hexagonal array and have been constructed with flat surfaces, orwith optical power allowing each mirror to bring its subaperture of light to a focus similar to a Shack-Hartman array.(1 2) Each mirror can use the tip, tilt and piston function to move the focused spots to the desired reference location, and the measurement of the applied voltage can be used directly to power a similar flat MEM deformable mirror. This paper reports on the suitability of this reflective wavefront sensor for closed-loop Adaptive Optics applications. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan; Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Teare, Scott W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Wick, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Alduquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Andrews, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jonathan.andrews@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1738 EP 1743 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301067 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. GP IEEE TI Advanced methods of multivariate anomaly detection SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The generic problem in anomaly detection is identifying unusual samples present in a large population. Each member of the population is described by a list of characteristics that define a feature vector. One statistical method that accounts for mutual correlations among the components has defined the standard for anomaly detection in communication, radar, and hyperspectral signal processing for several decades. This paper describes an advanced methodology that constructs nonlinear transformations to account for observed data distributions not amenable to a statistical description. The construction relies on a combination of stochastic methods and phenomenological constraints. Examples are taken from hyperspectral target detection.(12) C1 [Schaum, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2088 EP 2094 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301103 ER PT S AU McConvey, WA AF McConvey, W. A. GP IEEE TI MH-60S Armed Helo: Upgraded capability to a US Navy workhorse helicopter SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The MR-60S Armed Helo, shown in Figure 1, is a Block upgrade to the MH-60S Multi-Mission Helicopter (MMH), a successful workhorse Navy helicopter that has served the Fleet since 2002. Overall design constraints on the Armed Helo Block upgrade program included integration of proven fielded mission and weapon systems to the maximum extent possible. Measured against the overarching goals of cost, performance, and schedule, the final product delivered to the Fleet provides a tremendous increased capability at the expected cost. Nevertheless, the program did not meet the original schedule objectives for integration, test, procurement, and deployment for a variety of reasons. This paper will examine and explore some of these reasons, and provide lessons learned that could be used the next time a program attempts to integrate "proven, fielded mission systems" using a compressed schedule. C1 [McConvey, W. A.] USN, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP McConvey, WA (reprint author), USN, PMA-299,47123 Buse Rd,Bldg 2272,Suite 146, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3151 EP 3163 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303002 ER PT S AU Carico, D He, CJ AF Carico, Dean He, Chengjian GP IEEE TI Using parallel processing tools to predict rotorcraft performance, stability, and control SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB This paper discusses the development of the High Performance Computing (HPC) Collaborative Simulation and Test (CST) portfolio CST-03 program, one of the projects in the Common HPC Software Support Initiative (CHSSI) portfolio. The objective of this development was to provide computationally scalable tools to predict rotorcraft performance, stability, and control. The ability to efficiently predict and optimize vehicle performance, stability, and control from high fidelity computer models would greatly enhance the design and testing process and improve the quality of systems acquisition. Through this CHSSI development, the US Navy Test Pilot School performance, stability, and control test procedures were fully implemented in a high performance parallel computing environment. These Navy flight test support options were parallelized, implemented, and validated in the FLIGHTLAB comprehensive, multidisciplinary modeling environment. These tools were designed to interface with other CST compatible models and a standalone version of the tools (FLIGHTLAB-ASPECT) was delivered for use independent of the FLIGHTLAB development system. Tests on the MAUI Linux cluster indicated that there was over 25 times speedup using 32 CPUs. The tests also met the accuracy criteria as defined for the Beta trial. C1 [Carico, Dean] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Rotary Wing Ship Suitabil, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. [He, Chengjian] Adv Rotocraft Technol Inc, Res Directorate, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Rotary Wing Ship Suitabil, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. EM dean.carico@navy.mil; he@flightlab.com FU Collaborative Simulation and Testing Portfolio; STEPNET integration; CFD rotor blade load correlation data [CST-05] FX The High Performance Computing Modernization Office sponsored this work as part of the Collaborative Simulation and Testing Portfolio. The CST-03 Alpha test subject expert was Mr Jef DeBruin and the Beta test subject expert was Dr. Yiplong Lee. The CST-02 team provided STEPNET integration support. The CST-05 team provided the CFD rotor blade load correlation data. Both Chris Ware and Weiben Chen of ART provided program software support. For more information on the software developed during this HPC program, contact the paper authors NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3183 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303005 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, CL Jeffords, RD AF Heitmeyer, Constance L. Jeffords, Ralph D. GP IEEE TI Applying a formal requirements method to three NASA systems: Lessons learned SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; MODEL CHECKING; SPECIFICATIONS AB Recently, a formal requirements method called SCR (Software Cost Reduction) was used to specify software requirements of mission-critical components of three NASA systems. The components included a fault protection engine, which determines how a spacecraft should respond to a detected fault; a fault detection, isolation and recovery component, which, in response to an undesirable event, outputs a failure notification and raises one or more alarms; and a display system, which allows a space crew to monitor and control on-orbit scientific experiments. This paper demonstrates how significant and complex requirements of one of the components can be translated into an SCR specification and describes the errors detected when the authors formulated the requirements in SCR. It also discusses lessons learned in using formal methods to document the software requirements of the three components. Based on the authors' experiences, the paper presents several recommendations for improving the quality of requirements specifications of safety-critical aerospace software. C1 [Heitmeyer, Constance L.; Jeffords, Ralph D.] USN, Res Lab Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3303 EP 3312 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303016 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, G Cruz, JB Haynes, LS Kruger, M Blasch, E AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Haynes, Leonard S. Kruger, Martin Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Game-theoretic modeling and control of military air operations with retaliatory civilians SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Non-neutral civilians often play an active role in wars. That is, they are not just passively static but might dynamically take non-neutral actions to retaliate against the Forces who create collateral damage for them. Unfortunately, existing game theoretic models usually do not consider this situation. In this paper, an attrition-type discrete time dynamic game model is formulated, in which two opposing forces, fight under reactive civilian environments that might be either neutral or slightly biased. We model the objective functions, control strategies of different players, and identify the associated constraints on the control and state variables. Existing attrition-like state space models can be regarded as a special case of the model proposed in this paper. An example scenario and extensive simulations illustrate possible applications of this model and comparative discussions further clarify the benefits. C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe; Haynes, Leonard S.] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Cruz, Jose B., Jr.] Ohio Univ, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Kruger, Martin] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM mwei@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; cmz.22@osu.edu; lhaynes@i-a-i.com; Martin_Kruger@onr.navy.mil; Erik.Blasch@wpafb.af.mil FU US Navy [N00014-06-M-0237] FX This research was supported by the US Navy under contract number N00014-06-M-0237. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Navy. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3365 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303023 ER PT S AU Shen, D Chen, G Cruz, JB Kwan, C Kruger, M AF Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Kwan, Chiman Kruger, Martin GP IEEE TI An adaptive Markov game model for threat intent inference SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB In an adversarial military environment, it is important to efficiently and promptly predict the enemy's tactical intent from lower level spatial and temporal information. In this paper, we propose a decentralized Markov game (MG) theoretic approach to estimate the belief of each possible enemy Course of Action (ECOA), which is utilized to model the adversary intents. It has the following advantages: 1) It is decentralized. Each cluster or team makes decisions mostly based on local information. We put more autonomies in each group allowing for more flexibilities; 2) A Markov Decision Process (MDP) can effectively model the uncertainties in the noisy military enviromnent; 3) It is a game model with three players: red force (enemies), blue force (friendly forces), and white force (neutral objects); 4) Correlated-Q Reinforcement Learning is integrated. With the consideration that actual value functions are not normally known and they must be estimated, we integrate correlated-Q learning concept in our game approach to dynamically adjust the payoffs function of each player. A simulation software package has been developed to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithms. Simulations have verified that our proposed algorithms are scalable, stable, and satisfactory in performance. (1) (2). C1 [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe; Kwan, Chiman] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Cruz, Jose B., Jr.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Kruger, Martin] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM dshen@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; cruz.22@osu.edu; ckwan@i-a-i.com; Martin_Kruger@onr.navy.mil FU US Navy [N00014-06-M-023] FX This research was supported by the US Navy under contract number N00014-06-M-023 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3487 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303035 ER PT S AU Caguiat, D Scharschan, J Connor, J AF Caguiat, Daniel Scharschan, John Connor, Jennifer GP IEEE TI Gas turbine inlet salt monitoring for filtration and hot section prognostics SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 934 has been working, in conjunction with Vibro-Meter Incorporated, to evaluate and further develop the Vibro-Meter Flame Contaminant Detector (FCD). This device has been used on various commercial gas turbine platforms to quantify the level of sodium entrained in fuel. The FCD consists of a spectrometer device, fiber optic cabling, and a lens assembly, which is mounted in an open combustor port. The combustion flame is continuously monitored for sodium wavelength intensity during gas turbine operation. The FCD was initially of interest to NSWCCD for use in fuel filtration system health monitoring. However, based on known Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator (SSGTG) hot section corrosion issues, it was believed that the FCD would also serve as useful tool for quantifying inlet air salt concentration. Testing was performed at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site in 2003. It was determined that the FCD was able to detect salt concentrations as low as 0.003 parts per million. Initial indications are that airborne salt can be differentiated from fuel entrained salt based on continuous vs. intermittent sodium levels. Continuing efforts are centered on optimizing the existing FCD algorithm to properly differentiate between and quantify inlet air and fuel-entrained salt concentration.(1 2). C1 [Caguiat, Daniel; Scharschan, John; Connor, Jennifer] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 1569 Constitut Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Caguiat, D (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 1569 Constitut Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM Daniel.caguiat@navy.mil; john.scharschan@navy.mil; Jennifer.connor@navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3919 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303076 ER PT B AU Beranek, MW AF Beranek, Mark W. GP IEEE TI Future generation military avionics fiber optics photonics packaging challenges SO 2007 IEEE/AIAA 26TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, AIAA ID DATA LINK; TECHNOLOGY; MODULES; TRANSMITTER; OPERATION; RECEIVER; SYSTEMS; LASERS AB The military/aerospace platform operational environment challenges the creativity of fiber optic module packaging engineers as they endeavor to develop and mature new active and passive single-mode fiber optic and photonic components for next generation avionics networking applications. Low sales and manufacturing volumes inherent to avionics combined with lack of standard interface specifications for current and next generation fiber optic local area network architectures and subsystems makes it difficult for avionics suppliers to justify upfront research and development (R&D) investment in advanced fiber optics and photonics packaging technology. Collaboration between commial industry photonic; component and advanced packaging R&D and military/aerospace photonic component and advanced packaging R&D has proven to be a successful formula for mitigating technical and business risk on military/aerospace programs, and gives best value components for military avionics applications. As the avionics industry migrates from multimode fiber optic point-to-point link based systems to fully-interconnected single-mode wavelength division multiplexed-based local area network (WDM LAN) architectures, it naturally follows that similar collaborations will be needed to realize the technical and business success of the avionics WDM LAN. Currently, the SAE Avionics Systems Division (SAE WDM LAN), the IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference (AVFOP), and the ARINC Fiber Optics Subcommittee are endeavoring to coordinate avionics WDM LAN standardization efforts internationally via formal committee meetings and conference events. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1107-8 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2007 BP 284 EP 293 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BHM72 UT WOS:000254342600027 ER PT S AU Casey, JP Davis, SM Josypenko, MJ AF Casey, John P. Davis, Stephen M. Josypenko, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Multipath-abating antenna system for line-of-sight communications above an air-sea water interface SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Casey, John P.; Davis, Stephen M.; Josypenko, Michael J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Commun Imaging & EW Sensors Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Casey, JP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Commun Imaging & EW Sensors Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM caseyjp@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; davissm@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; josypenkomj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400001 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Burris, HR Rabinovich, WS Suite, M Wasiczko, L Jaremko, J Ibanez, J Saint Georges, E Uecke, S Mock, J Sender, J Muth, JF Wood, TS AF Moore, Christopher I. Burris, Harris R. Rabinovich, William S. Suite, Michele Wasiczko, Linda Jaremko, Joe Ibanez, James Saint Georges, Eric Uecke, Stan Mock, James Sender, John Muth, John F. Wood, Timothy S. GP IEEE TI Lasercomm demonstration during US Navy Trident Warrior 06 forcenet exercise SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Moore, Christopher I.; Burris, Harris R.; Rabinovich, William S.; Suite, Michele; Wasiczko, Linda] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jaremko, Joe; Ibanez, James; Saint Georges, Eric; Uecke, Stan; Mock, James; Sender, John] NovaSol Inc, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Muth, John F.; Wood, Timothy S.] Navy Res ONR, NRL Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-WX-20128] FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-07-WX-20128. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1109/APS.2007.4395419 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400005 ER PT S AU LaComb, J Mileski, P Ingram, R AF LaComb, Julie Mileski, Paul Ingram, Raymond GP IEEE TI Ultra-wide band surface wave communication for a distributed sensor network SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [LaComb, Julie; Mileski, Paul] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Ingram, Raymond] SAIC, Mclean, VA 06355 USA. RP LaComb, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1109/APS.2007.4395423 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400009 ER PT S AU Dorsey, WM Zaghloul, AI AF Dorsey, W. Mark Zaghloul, Amir I. GP IEEE TI Size reduction and bandwidth enhancement of shorted annular ring (SAR) antenna SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc ID PRINTED ANTENNAS AB Size reduction of the antennas in personal wireless communications has become an important task for the antenna engineer due to the increasing popularity of compact handsets. In this paper, a new technique to reduce the size of a shorted annular ring (SAR) antenna is presented. This technique uses a capacitive loading structure that is analogous to a parallel plate capacitor. Increasing the antenna bandwidth and producing circular polarization are also presented. C1 [Dorsey, W. Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dorsey@radar.nrl.navy.mil; amirz@vt.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 828 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400202 ER PT S AU Ho, TQ Hewett, CA Hunt, LN Ready, TG Mittra, R Yu, W Kragalott, M Zolnick, DA AF Ho, T. Q. Hewett, C. A. Hunt, L. N. Ready, T. G. Mittra, R. Yu, W. Kragalott, M. Zolnick, D. A. GP IEEE TI Coupling between planar microstrip patches in an array environment SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Ho, T. Q.; Hewett, C. A.; Hunt, L. N.] SSCSD 282, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Kragalott, M.; Zolnick, D. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ready, T. G.] NAVSEA, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Mittra, R.; Yu, W.] RMA, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Ho, TQ (reprint author), SSCSD 282, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 1949 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973401138 ER PT S AU Pickles, WR Rao, JBL Patel, DP Mital, R AF Pickles, W. R. Rao, J. B. L. Patel, D. P. Mital, R. GP IEEE TI Coincident phase center ultra wideband array of dual polarized flared notch elements SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Pickles, W. R.; Patel, D. P.; Mital, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rao, J. B. L.] SFA Inc, Landover, MD USA. RP Pickles, WR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pickles@radar.nrl.navy.mil FU ONR FX This project was funded by ONR 6.2 base funds. The authors gratefully acknowledge the able assistance of their co-workers at NRL: Mary Clare Keffer, John Valenzi, and Mike Rachuba. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the fine craftsmanship and attention to detail of Neil Keefe at Tek-Am, John Maher at Precision PhotoFab, and Mark Creighton at Modular Components. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 4005 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402184 ER PT S AU Paravastu, N Hicks, B Ray, P Erickson, W AF Paravastu, Nagini Hicks, Briall Ray, Paul Erickson, William GP IEEE TI A candidate active antenna design for a low frequency radio telescope array SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Paravastu, Nagini; Hicks, Briall; Ray, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Erickson, William] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Paravastu, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nagini.paravastu@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. The authors are grateful to Dr. Kenneth Stewart of the Naval Research Laboratory and Dr. Steven Ellingson of Virginia Tech for their assistance with the antenna simulations. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 4068 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973402199 ER PT S AU Morgan, MA AF Morgan, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Hybrid computation of low-frequency field penetration through open ended metallic cylinders SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Morgan, Michael A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Morgan, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mmorgan@nps.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 5409 EP 5412 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973403199 ER PT S AU Hall, JS Romano, M AF Hall, Jason S. Romano, Marcello GP IEEE TI A novel robotic spacecraft simulator with mini-control moment gyroscopes and rotating thrusters SO 2007 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div, IEEE Ind Elect Soc HO Swiss Fed Inst Technol AB A novel hardware-in-the-loop spacecraft simulator is introduced for the laboratory validation of guidance, navigation and control algorithms. This three-degrees-of-freedom robotic vehicle uses the principle of air-floating along a flat floor in order to reproduce in two dimensions the frictionless and weightlessness conditions of the orbital flight. For the first time in its class, to the authors' knowledge, the new spacecraft simulator uses Miniature Control Moment Gyroscopes for the attitude control and rotating thrusters for both attitude and translational control. A pseudo-GPS, a LIDAR and a fiber optic gyroscope are used as navigation sensors. The paper presents in details the design of the robotic vehicle and the results of preliminary experiments. C1 [Hall, Jason S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] Postgrad Sch, Fac Mech & Astronaut, Dept Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jshall@nps.edu; mromano@nps.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School; Naval Postgraduate School's Research Office under the Research Initiation Program framework FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Postgraduate School.; This research was sponsored by the Naval Postgraduate Schools Research Office under the Research Initiation Program framework. The contribution of Bill Price and Blake Eikenberry to the development of the on-board software is greatly appreciated. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 978-1-4244-1263-1 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2007 BP 417 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHS77 UT WOS:000255992100072 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John GP IEEE TI NAVIGATING THE DIAGNOSTICS CAREER LABYRINTH SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB Integrated diagnostics is a career field for which there currently exists no standard set of basic qualifications, few educational opportunities to study at the university level, no clear processes within most organizations for practicing integrated diagnostics as a systems engineering activity and often no uniform method of sharing techniques and lessons learned with new employees. Several authors have stated the importance of increased training in test [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Studies have found that the majority of test engineer training is on-the-job, rather than knowledge acquired as part of a higher education degree program or a formal training process [4]. Few authors, however, have focused on the need for a well-defined career path which leads from higher education, or formal training, to a career in diagnostics. This paper is an attempt to describe what such, a career path may look like. First, the need for a formal career path will be established from published literature and interviews conducted with engineers from industry, academia and United States (US) government. This paper will then describe actions that are necessary first steps in creating and maintaining a career path that is required for the sustainment of a knowledgeable and well-trained pool of diagnostic engineers needed to meet future technology challenges. A case study of engineers from the Naval Air Systems Command's (NAVAIR's) Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team in Lakehurst, New Jersey is presented to illustrate the very diverse and dissimilar backgrounds and training of diagnostic engineers within one group in one organization. C1 [Shannon, Russell] Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. [Quiter, John] MTG Serv Inc, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374196 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600003 ER PT S AU Allen, D AF Allen, Duane GP IEEE TI A use of Bayes' theorem for insight of false alarm rates SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB Using Bayes' theorem, the false alarm rate is shown to be a function of the reliability of the monitored functional system, the reliability of the Built-In-Test (BIT) system, and the coverage by the BIT of the monitored functional system. Partial differentiation of the false alarm rate formula reveals that the false alarm rate varies inversely with BIT reliability, inversely with BIT coverage, and directly with the monitored functional system reliability. Improving a functional system's reliability increases the false alarm rate, even though there is no change in the frequency of false alarm events. Therefore a false alarm rate requirement may deter functional circuit design improvement This paper advocates categorizing the sources of false alarm events in a system since false alarms rates can sometimes be relatively high due to the complexity of an adequate BIT. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, Corona, CA 92878 USA. RP Allen, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, POB 5000, Corona, CA 92878 USA. EM duane.allen@navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374199 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600006 ER PT S AU Meseroll, RJ Kirkos, CJ Shannon, RA AF Meseroll, Robert J. Kirkos, Christopher J. Shannon, Russell A. GP IEEE TI Data mining navy flight and maintenance data to affect repair SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB A large portion of Naval aircraft maintenance is driven by avionics-related deficiencies. Military avionics systems rely heavily on built-in test (BIT) to troubleshoot discrepancies during unscheduled maintenance. One study found that analyzing BIT codes for trends (both at the aircraft level and at the squadron level) and scheduling maintenance accordingly, increased aircraft operational availability (A(o)) by twenty-two percent within a single squadron [1]. The study focused on F/A-18C aircraft over a forty-four month period. While this is a substantial increase, it takes into account only organizational level (O-level) BIT data. It does not include all available information, such as historical maintenance data, operating environment, and past repair history. The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst is investigating the use of data mining to mitigate ambiguity within Naval avionics maintenance, with the intent of reducing costly and inefficient maintenance practices [2]. This includes building models from both aircraft historical maintenance data and BIT codes recorded to an aircraft's memory unit (MU) during a flight in order to identify trends in the data that would not be obvious or trivial to a maintainer. The IDATS team has utilized a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) data mining software package called ThinkAnalytics in combination with custom software tools to find meaningful trends within the F/A-18 BIT and maintenance datasets. ThinkAnalytics is a real-time enterprise data mining tool that provided the necessary data mining functionality. Trends identified by the software are currently being validated by the user and system Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to ensure that they are accurate, novel and/or non-trivial. Through the use of data mining, in combination with knowledge about how the system operates and communicates with other systems, BIT can be augmented to improve maintenance efficiency at all levels of maintenance. C1 [Meseroll, Robert J.; Kirkos, Christopher J.; Shannon, Russell A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Meseroll, RJ (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM robert.meseroll@navy.mil; christopher.kirkos@navy.mil; russell.shannon@navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374256 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600063 ER PT B AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Devgan, PS McKinney, JD AF Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank Devgan, Preetpaul S. McKinney, Jason D. GP IEEE TI Analog phase modulation for avionics applications SO 2007 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Bucholtz, Frank; Devgan, Preetpaul S.; McKinney, Jason D.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0936-5 PY 2007 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2007.4365721 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHF94 UT WOS:000252832700004 ER PT B AU McKinney, JD Peroulis, D Weiner, AM AF McKinney, Jason D. Peroulis, Dimitrios Weiner, Andrew M. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic pulse shaping and applications SO 2007 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE ID WAVE-FORMS C1 [McKinney, Jason D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peroulis, Dimitrios; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0936-5 PY 2007 BP 9 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2007.4365722 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHF94 UT WOS:000252832700005 ER PT B AU Devgan, P Urick, V McKinney, J Williams, K AF Devgan, Preetpaul Urick, Vincent McKinney, Jason Williams, Keith GP IEEE TI Hybrid analog-digital fiber optic network for aircraft communication and control SO 2007 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE ID MODULATION; SIGNALS C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul; Urick, Vincent; McKinney, Jason; Williams, Keith] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Devgan, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0936-5 PY 2007 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2007.4365726 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHF94 UT WOS:000252832700009 ER PT B AU Beranek, MW Jenkins, RB Voigt, RJ AF Beranek, Mark W. Jenkins, R. Brian Voigt, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Military avionics fiber optics photonics packaging technology forecast SO 2007 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE C1 [Beranek, Mark W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Jenkins, R. Brian; Voigt, Robert J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0936-5 PY 2007 BP 68 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2007.4365752 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHF94 UT WOS:000252832700035 ER PT B AU Minor, CP Johnson, KJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Owrutsky, JC Wales, SC Steinhurst, DA Gottuk, DT AF Minor, Christian P. Johnson, Kevin J. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Wales, Stephen C. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Gottuk, Daniel T. GP IEEE TI Data fusion with a multisensor system for damage control and situational awareness SO 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED VIDEO AND SIGNAL BASED SURVEILLANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance CY SEP 05-07, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; FIRE DETECTION; SENSOR ARRAY; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed an affordable, multisensory, real-time detection system for damage control and situational awareness, called "Volume Sensor." The system provides standoff identification of events within a space (e.g. flaming and smoldering fires, pipe ruptures, and gas releases) for U.S. Navy vessels. A data fusion approach was used to integrate spectral sensors, acoustic sensors, and video image detection algorithms. Bayesian-based decision algorithms improved event detection rates while reducing false positives. Full scale testing demonstrated that the prototype Volume Sensor performed as well or better than commercial video image detection and point-detection systems in critical quality metrics for fire detection while also providing additional situational awareness. The design framework developed for Volume Sensor can serve as a template for the integration of heterogeneous sensors into networks for a variety of real-time sensing and situational awareness applications. C1 [Minor, Christian P.; Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Johnson, Kevin J.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Wales, Stephen C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Gottuk, Daniel T.] Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Minor, CP (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research, Future Naval Capabilities, Advanced Damage Countermeasures program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Navys Office of Naval Research, Future Naval Capabilities, Advanced Damage Countermeasures program. Commercial VID manufacturers, Fastcom Technology and axonX have collaborated in this research. The authors thank Mr. John Farley and Dr. Frederick Williams for their valuable assistance in this program. The crew of the ex-USS Shadwell provided much assistance in acquiring data used in the development of the prototype detection systems. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1695-0 PY 2007 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1109/AVSS.2007.4425329 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHP89 UT WOS:000255224900053 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III GP IEEE TI Evolutionary data mining of digital logic and the effects of uncertainty SO 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE AB A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A genetic program is an algorithm based on the theory of evolution that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a measure of effectiveness, referred to as a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor. Design documents for the sensor are not available and conditions prevent the sensor from being taken apart. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness function for the genetic program. Genetic program based data mining is then conducted. This procedure incorporates not only the experts' rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. Significant experimental and theoretical results related to GP based data mining for reverse engineering and the related uncertainties will be provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1339-3 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2007 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1109/CEC.2007.4424452 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHT10 UT WOS:000256053700006 ER PT B AU Cramer, AM Sudhoff, SD Zivi, EL AF Cramer, Aaron M. Sudhoff, Scott D. Zivi, Edwin L. GP IEEE TI Performance metrics for electric warship integrated engineering plant battle damage response SO 2007 IEEE ELECTRIC SHIP TECHNOLOGIES SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS 2007) CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP Power Engn Soc, Power Elect Soc, Ind Applicat Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, Vehicular Technol Soc, Inst Marine Engn Sci & Technol, Amer Assoc Naval Engineers DE continuity of service; integrated engineering; plants; metrics; survivability ID TOTAL SHIP SURVIVABILITY; DESIGN; SYSTEMS AB In military applications, it is important for a platform (warship, aircraft, etc.) or an installation (airbase, etc.) to maintain war fighting ability after being damaged. In particular, if the unit requires electric power, cooling, or other resources to perform its mission, then these resources must be available following a weapon detonation event. The integrated engineering plant is responsible for providing these services to the mission critical loads in a unit. Novel continuity of service metrics for integrated engineering plants are set forth. These metrics provide a quantitative means of predicting the worst case scenario for a given system, as well as the level of service the plant can provide under the worst case scenario. This provides a method of making meaningful comparisons between different designs. The computation and meaning of the proposed metrics are explored using the notional plant. C1 [Cramer, Aaron M.; Sudhoff, Scott D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zivi, Edwin L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cramer, AM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amcramer@purdue.edu; sudhoff@purdue.edu; zivi@usna.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0946-4 PY 2007 BP 22 EP + DI 10.1109/ESTS.2007.372059 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGQ89 UT WOS:000249858800004 ER PT B AU Sullivan, CJ Sudhoff, SD Zivi, EL Zak, SH AF Sullivan, Charles J. Sudhoff, Scott D. Zivi, Edwin L. Zak, Stanislaw H. GP IEEE TI Methods of optimal lyapunov function generation with application to power electronic converters and systems SO 2007 IEEE ELECTRIC SHIP TECHNOLOGIES SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS 2007) CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP Power Engn Soc, Power Elect Soc, Ind Applicat Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, Vehicular Technol Soc, Inst Marine Engn Sci & Technol, Amer Assoc Naval Engineers AB Stability is an important design consideration in power electronics systems. To this end, it is often of interest to predict the region of attraction (ROA) associated with a stable equilibrium point. In the case of the presence of constraints that need to be satisfied, one is faced with the problem of estimating a restricted ROA (RROA). Recently practical methods for estimating RROAs have been proposed for relatively high order systems. In this paper, a proposal is set forth for the problem of finding a Lyapunov function that yields an estimated restricted region of attraction that is close to the true restricted region of attraction. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed methods. C1 [Sullivan, Charles J.] Delphi Corp, Kokomo, IN USA. [Sudhoff, Scott D.; Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Zivi, Edwin L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sullivan, CJ (reprint author), Delphi Corp, Kokomo, IN USA. EM charles.sullivan@delphi.com; sudhoff@purdue.edu; zivi@usna.edu; zak@purdue.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0623]; Delphi Cooperative PhD Work Program FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-02-1-0623 and the Delphi Cooperative PhD Work Program. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0946-4 PY 2007 BP 267 EP + DI 10.1109/ESTS.2007.372097 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGQ89 UT WOS:000249858800042 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC Bames, DS McVicker, M Egan, M Betancourt, R Toledo, R Horner, DP Davis, DT Guiterrez, L Martell, CH AF Rowe, Neil C. Bames, David S. McVicker, Michael Egan, Melissa Betancourt, Richard Toledo, Rommel Horner, Douglas P. Davis, Duane T. Guiterrez, Louis Martell, Craig H. GP IEEE TI Do word clues suffice in detecting spam and phishing? SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE DE spam; phishing; clues; words; testing AB Some commercial antispam and anti-phishing products prohibit email from "blacklisted" sites that they claim send spam and phishing email, while allowing email claiming to be from "whitelisted" sites they claim are known not to send it. This approach tends to unfairly discriminate against smaller and less-known sites, and would seem to be anti-competitive. An open question is whether other clues to spam and phishing would suffice to identify it. We report on experiments we have conducted to compare different clues for automated detection tools. Results show that word clues were by far the best clues for spam and phishing, although a little bit better performance could be obtained by supplementing word clues with a few others like the time of day the email was sent and inconsistency in headers. We also compared different approaches to combining clues to spam such as Bayesian reasoning, case-based reasoning, and neural networks; Bayesian reasoning performed the best. Our conclusion is that Bayesian reasoning on word clues is sufficient for antispam software and that blacklists and whitelists are unnecessary. C1 [Rowe, Neil C.; Bames, David S.; McVicker, Michael; Egan, Melissa; Betancourt, Richard; Toledo, Rommel; Horner, Douglas P.; Davis, Duane T.; Guiterrez, Louis; Martell, Craig H.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Code CS-RP,1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Code CS-RP,1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU National science Foundation FX Manuscript received March 7, 2007. This work was supported in part by the National science Foundation under the Cyber Trust program. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 14 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381908 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300003 ER PT B AU Moskowitz, IS Lafferty, PA Ahmed, F AF Moskowitz, Ira S. Lafferty, Patricia A. Ahmed, Farid GP IEEE TI Stego scrubbing - A new direction for image steganography SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE DE steganography; watermarking; information hiding; scrubber ID STEGANALYSIS AB We propose a new method for dealing with steganography. Instead or simply attempting to find the steganography, we propose an architecture that will remove the steganography, we call this stego scrubbing. This paper describes our philosophy and lays the ground work for the actual development of a stego scrubber, which can be inserted in a manner similar to a guard or firewall. C1 [Moskowitz, Ira S.] Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lafferty, Patricia A.; Ahmed, Farid] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EE & CS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 119 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381923 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300018 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC Goh, HC AF Rowe, Neil C. Goh, Han C. GP IEEE TI Thwarting cyber-attack reconnaissance with inconsistency and deception SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE DE deception; computers; reconnaissance; honeypot; packets; cost; networks AB One of the best ways to defend a computer system is to make attackers think it is not worth attacking. Deception or inconsistency during attacker reconnaissance can be an effective way to encourage this. We provide some theory of its advantages and present some data from a honeypot that suggests ways it could be fruitfully employed. We then report on experiments that manipulated packets of attackers of a honeypot using Snort Inline. Results show that attackers definitely responded to deceptive manipulations, although not all the responses helped defenders. We conclude with some preliminary results on analysis of "last packets" of a session which indicate more precisely what clues turn attackers away. C1 [Rowe, Neil C.; Goh, Han C.] NPGS, Naval Postgrad Sch, Code CS-RP,1411 Cunning Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), NPGS, Naval Postgrad Sch, Code CS-RP,1411 Cunning Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation under the Cyber Trust program FX Manuscript received March 19, 2007. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the Cyber Trust program. The authors are with the Naval Postgraduate School, Code CS/Rp, 1411 Cunningham Road, NPGS, Monterey CA 93943 USA, ncrowe at nps.edu. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381927 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300022 ER PT B AU Chiang, K Nguyen, TD Irvine, CE AF Chiang, Ken Nguyen, Thuy D. Irvine, Cynthia E. GP IEEE TI A linux implementation of temporal access controls SO 2007 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE AB Control of access to information based upon temporal attributes can add another dimension to access control. To demonstrate the feasibility of operating systemlevel support for temporal access controls, the Time Interval File Protection System (TIFPS), a prototype of the Time Interval Access Control (TIAC) model, has been implemented by modifying Linux extended attributes to include temporal metadata associated both with files and users. The Linux Security Module was used to provide hooks for temporal access control logic. In addition, a set of utilities was modified to be TIFPS-aware. These tools permit users to view and manage the temporal attributes associated with their files and directories. Functional, performance, and concurrency testing were conducted. The ability of TIFPS to grant or revoke access in the future, as well to limit access to specific time intervals enhances traditional information control and sharing. C1 [Chiang, Ken; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Irvine, Cynthia E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chiang, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation [CNS-0430566] FX The authors are grateful for support from the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation under grant CNS-0430566. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 309 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381948 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300043 ER PT B AU McVicker, M Avellino, P Rowe, NC AF McVicker, Michael Avellino, Paul Rowe, Neil C. GP IEEE TI Automated retrieval of security statistics from the world wide web SO 2007 IEEE Information Assurance Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL West Point, NY SP IEEE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McVicker, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS Rp,1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1303-4 PY 2007 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1109/IAW.2007.381954 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT44 UT WOS:000250408300049 ER PT S AU Lord, SF Firebaugh, S Smith, AN AF Lord, Scott Frederick Firebaugh, Samara Smith, Andrew N. GP IEEE TI Remote measurement of temperature in the presence of a strong magnetic field SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE interferometer; sapphire; nickel oxide; temperature sensor AB Pulse power systems generate heat in the presence of a large time varying magnetic field. In order to quantify the local heat generation, these systems need temperature sensing equipment. The magnetic field can induce signals in temperature sensors with electrical connections such as thermocouples and thermistors. Also, the power systems are often at a high electric potential when energized requiring robust electrical isolation schemes to prevent the system from discharging through the sensing equipment. As such, a sensing system has been developed that can remotely capture information to determine the temperature of a surface. This sensor is based on an interferometer using a thin sapphire die coated with nickel oxide as the sensing element. A model was developed to predict the behavior of the sensor in order to determine the ideal layer thickness. With this system temperature measurement has been demonstrated at a sampling rate of 30 Hz over a range of 20 degrees C to 300 degrees C with 20% precision. Because the technique explored in this research does not require physical connections to the sensor, the dilemma of the magnetic field and electrical isolation are bypassed. C1 [Lord, Scott Frederick; Firebaugh, Samara; Smith, Andrew N.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Lord, SF (reprint author), USN Acad, 101 Buchanan Rd, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 1427 EP 1432 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296801087 ER PT S AU Ge, HY Kirsteins, IP AF Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI High resolution Krylov space 3-D wavenumber-frequency analysis SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II, PTS 1-3 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE sonar signal processing; array signal processing; sonar imaging; Krylov space AB Driven by the need for identifying the presence of flow noise components in a towed volumetric acoustic array, methodologies are developed for high resolution 3-dimensional (3-D) wavenumber-frequency (k-f) analysis based on Krylov space techniques. These methods are applied to actual noise data from a sea trial. The experimental results indicate that the Krylov-based method outperforms conventional approaches and provides efficient and effective solutions to k-f analysis. C1 [Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ge, HY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU THE ONR; THE NSF [CCF-05 15061] FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN SUPPORTED IN PART BY THE ONR AND THE NSF (CCF-05 15061). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 889 EP + PG 3 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO02 UT WOS:000248908100223 ER PT S AU Welch, TB Wright, CHG Morrow, MG AF Welch, Thad B. Wright, Cameron H. G. Morrow, Michael G. GP IEEE TI Teaching rate conversion using hardware-based DSP SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE communications engineering education; signal processing AB To enable us to affordably teach software defined radio at the undergraduate level, we developed a low cost system that allows realistic hardware projects and demonstrations. This new board connects a Texas Instruments C67x DSP starter kit (DSK) to an Analog Devices AD9857 quadrature modulator. This modulator is capable of operating at up to 200 million samples per second (MS/s), with a carrier (or intermediate frequency) of up to 80 MHz. Baseband 14-bit in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data are presented to the modulator, which can be programmed to interpolate the data at rates from 4x to 252x. The AD9857 is interfaced to the DSK using an Altera Cyclone FPGA which provides queuing of the I/Q data and the logic for control/programming of the modulator. This paper describes the associated hardware and software issues and briefly describes recommended classroom use. C1 [Welch, Thad B.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Wright, Cameron H. G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Morrow, Michael G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM t.b.welch@ieee.org; c.h.g.wright@ieee.org; morrow@iece.org NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 717 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGN94 UT WOS:000248906600180 ER PT S AU Li, Y Simon, D Papandreou-Suppappola, A Morrell, D Murray, RL AF Li, Y. Simon, D. Papandreou-Suppappola, A. Morrell, D. Murray, R. L. GP IEEE TI Sequential MCMC estimation of nonlinear instantaneous frequency SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL III, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE frequency estimation; Bayes theorem; particle filter; Markov chain Monte Carlo AB Instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation of signals with non-linear phase is challenging, especially for online processing. In this paper, we propose IF estimation using sequential Bayesian techniques, by combining the particle filtering method with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Using this approach, a nonlinear IF of unknown closed form is approximated as a linear combination of the IFs of non-overlapping waveforms with polynomial phase. Simultaneously applying parameter estimation and model selection, the new technique is extended to the IF estimation of multicomponent signals. Using simulations, the performance of this sequential MCMC approach is demonstrated and compared with an existing IF estimation technique using the Wigner distribution. C1 [Li, Y.; Simon, D.; Papandreou-Suppappola, A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Morrell, D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Engn, Mesa, AZ USA. [Murray, R. L.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU Department of Defense [AFOSR FA9550-05-1-0443] FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Defense Grant No. AFOSR FA9550-05-1-0443. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 1177 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGN94 UT WOS:000248906600295 ER PT B AU Firebaugh, SL Piepmeier, JA AF Firebaugh, Samara L. Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong TI The RoboCup nanogram league: An opportunity for project-based undergraduate education in microsystems SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC SYSTEMS EDUCATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education CY JUN 03-04, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCDA, IEEE Comp Soc TC VLSI, IEEE Test Technol Tech Council AB The new "nanogram league" of the international RoboCup competition creates an opportunity for project-based Undergraduate, microsystems education. The RoboCup problem was broken into three parts: general microrobot design and fabrication, machine vision and control, and design of a microrobot system to perform the RoboCup tasks. The design and construction of microrobots were the focus for a senior elective on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Concurrently, the vision portions of the problem were used as a project for a Machine Vision course. Students from both classes then formed design teams to create a system for competition. C1 [Firebaugh, Samara L.; Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu; piepmeie@usna.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2849-6 PY 2007 BP 117 EP + DI 10.1109/MSE.2007.86 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BGJ77 UT WOS:000247691600054 ER PT B AU Le, F Xie, GG Zhang, H AF Le, Franck Xie, Geoffrey G. Zhang, Hui GP IEEE TI Understanding route redistribution SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK PROTOCOLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols CY OCT 16-19, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Natl Sci Fdn, Tsinghua Univ, China Comp Federat, Internet Soc China AB Route redistribution (RR) has become an integral part of IP network design as the result of a growing need for disseminating certain routes across routing protocol boundaries. While RR is widely used and resembles BGP in several nontrivial aspects, surprisingly, the safety of RR has not been systematically studied by the networking community. This paper presents the first analytical model for understanding the effect of RR on network wide routing dynamics and evaluating the safety of a specific RR configuration. We first illustrate how easily inaccurate configurations of RR may cause severe routing instabilities, including route oscillations and persistent routing loops. At the same time, general observations regarding the root causes of these instabilities are provided. We then introduce a formal model based on the general observations to represent and study the safety of route redistribution. Using the model, we prove that given a RR configuration, determining whether the redistributions result in a cycle is NP-hard. Given this complexity, we present a sufficient condition, which can be checked in polynomial time with the proposed analytical model, for ensuring the safety of a RR configuration. Finally, the paper proposes potential changes to the current RR protocol to guarantee safety. C1 [Le, Franck; Zhang, Hui] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Xie, Geoffrey G.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Le, F (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM franckle@cmu.edu; xie@nps.edu; hzhang@cs.cmu.edu FU NSF [CNS-0520210] FX The authors thank John Gibson, Orathai Sukwong and Marcin Pohl for their help in setting up the presented experiments, and Sihyung Lee as well as Steve McManus for their comments. This research was sponsored by the NSF under both NeTS Grant CNS-0520210 and a Graduate Research Fellowship. Views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either or implied, of the U.S. government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1587-8 PY 2007 BP 81 EP + DI 10.1109/ICNP.2007.4375839 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHI89 UT WOS:000253461700009 ER PT B AU Boudreau, M AF Boudreau, Michael GP IEEE TI Acoustic rapid COTS insertion: A case study in modular open systems approach for spiral development SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE advanced processing builds (APB); modular open systems approach (MOSA); open architecture (OA); system lifecycle cost (LCC); spiral acquisition; maintenance free operating period (MFOP); total ownership cost (TOC) AB Acoustic Rapid COTS Insertion (A-RCI) is a success story in the use of Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA)/Open Architecture (OA)-beginning with towed-array sonar on 688 Class Submarines and later encompassing all sonar systems on all attack submarines, some surface ship sonar applications and even aviation anti-submarine warfare. The DoD has long considered Open Systems Design a "best practice" that should be used during system development. However, as is often the case with best practices, the "lessons learned" have not been trumpeted widely across DoD acquisition organizations. The purpose of this A-RCI case study is to create a learning vehicle for the application of MOSA/OA which then could be used for the training and education of acquisition practitioners and future acquisition leaders. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Boudreau, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300022 ER PT B AU Naegle, B AF Naegle, Brad GP IEEE TI Developing performance-based requirements for open architecture design SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE net-centric warfare; interoperability; open-systems architecture; software requirements; system of systems; family of systems AB To implement the capabilities conceptualized in the National Military Strategy, complex, secure networks of weapon systems, intelligence platforms, and command and control mechanisms must be seamlessly integrated and maintained over time. As these capabilities are developed over time in an evolutionary manner, interoperability on the Net-centric Warfare (NCW) networks is essential, and both hardware and software systems must be designed in an Open-Ssystems Architecture (OA) fashion to accommodate the vast number of changes anticipated. Materiel Developers will need to recognize the relatively immature nature of the software engineering domains and actively compensate for this immaturity. System software performance capabilities must be much more detailed than typical hardware-centric systems. Essential OA performance characteristics including Maintainability, Upgradability, Interfaces/Interoperability, Reliability, Safety and Security (MUIRSS) must be fully analyzed and clearly communicated to the software developer to ensure the DoD obtains the flexibility and longevity desired from NCW systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Naegle, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300025 ER PT B AU Rendon, RG AF Rendon, Rene G. GP IEEE TI Using a modular open systems approach in defense acquisitions: Implications for the contracting process SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE modular open systems approach (MOSA). AB Many of the Department of Defense's (DoD) future warfighting capabilities are being acquired through the development of system of systems. These systems of systems are being developed and acquired using an evolutionary acquisition approach. Integral to both systems of systems and evolutionary acquisition is the use of a modular open systems approach (MOSA) for the design, development and acquisition of these weapon systems. MOSA is considered an enabler to both systems of systems engineering as well as evolutionary acquisition. This research explores the use of the modular open systems approach (MOSA) as a method for implementing an evolutionary acquisition strategy as well as the implications of using such an approach on the contracting process. A background on evolutionary acquisition is provided highlighting the benefit of rapid development and production of weapon systems incrementally, with each increment providing an increasing level of capability. The contractual implications of using a modular open systems approach are then discussed, focusing on each of the six phases of the procurement process. The research will then conclude with the identification of characteristics of a successful MOSA program procurement and resulting contract. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rendon, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300032 ER PT B AU Katopodis, P Katsis, G Walker, O Tummala, M Michael, JB AF Katopodis, Panagiotis Katsis, Grigorios Walker, Owens Tummala, Murati Michael, J. Bret GP IEEE TI Hybrid, large-scale wireless sensor network for missile defense SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE wireless sensor network; system-of-systems; ballistic missile defense; data centric routing; data aggregation; clustering AB We introduce a hybrid, large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) for missile defense that consists Of terrestrial and satellite nodes. Rather than treating each node as an individual system, we model this sensor network as a system-of-systems with the objective of realtime tracking of multiple ballistic missile threats. We present a hybrid routing algorithm based on a combination of data centric routing concepts and clustering mechanisms. Through simulation, it is shown that the performance of this hybrid algorithm significantly improves data throughput without sacrificing the real-time data delivery requirements associated with missile tracking applications. C1 [Katopodis, Panagiotis; Katsis, Grigorios; Walker, Owens; Tummala, Murati; Michael, J. Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Katopodis, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 516 EP 520 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300087 ER PT B AU Cook, TS Drusinksy, D Shing, MT AF Cook, Thomas S. Drusinksy, Doron Shing, Man-Tak GP IEEE TI Specification, validation and run-time monitoring of SOA based system-of-systems temporal behaviors SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE Message Sequence Chart (MSC) Assertions; JUnit testing; formal specification; run-time execution monitoring; validation; verification; service-oriented architecture; web services AB This paper is concerned with the correct specification and validation of temporal behaviors in a Service-Oriented Architecture based system-of-systems. It presents a new formalism, called Message Sequence Chart Assertions (MSC-Assertions), for the specification of global system behaviors, and describes a specification validation technique using scenario simulation based on the JUnit Test Framework. We also describe the armor-plating of system-of-systems using runtime execution monitoring of MSC-Assertions. C1 [Cook, Thomas S.; Drusinksy, Doron; Shing, Man-Tak] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cook, TS (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 521 EP 526 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300088 ER PT B AU Rakdham, B Tummiala, M Pace, PE Michael, JB Pace, ZP AF Rakdham, B. Tummiala, M. Pace, P. E. Michael, J. B. Pace, Z. P. GP IEEE TI Boost phase ballistic missile defense using multiple hypothesis tracking SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE missile defense; target tracking; Kalman filter; multiple hypotheses testing AB In this paper, a multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) algorithm is developed to successfully track multiple ballistic missiles. A framework is developed for the MHT which includes a linear assignment problem approach used to search the measurement-to-contact association matrix for the set of exact N-best feasible hypotheses. A hypothetical scenario in which multiple ballistic missiles have been launched and threaten the North American continent is considered as a test case for this MHT algorithm. To aid in the interception and destruction of the threat far from their intended targets, the research focuses on the boost-phase portion of the missile flight. The near-simultaneous attacks are detected by a network of radar sensors positioned near the missile launch sites. Each sensor provides position reports or track files for the MHT routine to process. The results show that this new algorithm works well in a realistic environment where complex interactions of missile staging, non-linear thrust profiles and sensor noise can significantly degrade the track algorithm performance especially in multiple target scenarios. C1 [Rakdham, B.; Tummiala, M.; Pace, P. E.; Michael, J. B.; Pace, Z. P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rakdham, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 527 EP 532 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300089 ER PT B AU Walker, TO Tummala, M Mchael, JB AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali Mchael, J. Bret GP IEEE TI A distributed medium access control protocol for wireless networks of cooperative radar systems SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE distributed radar system; wireless sensor networks; medium access control; MIMO radar; beamforming; system-of-systems ID SENSOR NETWORKS AB The medium access control issues of a distributed wireless network of cooperative tracking radars are investigated by modeling the individual radars as part of a system-of-systems rather than as independently operating sensors. Two fundamental observations are made regarding the radar control traffic flow and the radar data traffic flow: the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is found to be bounded by the radar control packet delay and the radar data traffic is bursty but not well-suited to contention-based medium access. Motivated by these observations, we propose a novel medium access protocol: the Cooperative Radar Medium Access Control (CR-MAC) protocol. CR-MAC is an application-aware protocol that combines the throughput of a time division medium access (TDMA) protocol with the reduced delay of a contention-based protocol. Control packet delay as well as data traffic throughput are analyzed and CR-MAC is found to outperform conventional TDMA and CSMA. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; Mchael, J. Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 533 EP 538 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300090 ER PT B AU Huynh, TV Osmundson, JS AF Huynh, Thomas V. Osmundson, John S. GP IEEE TI Assessing the performance of ad hoc sensor networks SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE complexity; interoperability; ad hoc sensor network; binary hypothesis distributed fusion AB As an exploratory effort to understand effects of network complexity coupled with interoperability on performance of ad hoc sensor networks, we treat ad hoc sensor networks as random networks. In this work complexity is reflected by the average degree of the network and interoperability by the mean number of sensors in the network that are interoperable. The average degree of the network in this case depends on both the probability of sensor discovery and the probability of sensor connection. For illustration purposes, we consider the binary hypothesis distributed fusion problem and a simple fusion rule. The result shows that the criterion for successful fusion may be violated by the network conditions that depend on the network complexity and interoperability. C1 [Huynh, Thomas V.; Osmundson, John S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 630 EP 634 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300107 ER PT B AU Vincent, PJ Turnmala, M McEachen, J AF Vincent, Patrick J. Turnmala, Murali McEachen, John GP IEEE TI A beamforming approach for distributed wireless sensor networks SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE AB We present an energy-aware approach for enabling communication between a wireless ground-based sensor network, and an overhead unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Specifically, we present a technique for assembling a subset of sensor nodes into a distributed antenna array useful for beamforming. A small subset of sensor nodes receives and aggregates information gathered by the network, and forms a distributed antenna array, concentrating the radiated transmission into a narrow beam aimed towards the UAV Although, in general, the relative orientations of the elements in a distributed antenna array have an effect on antenna performance, our proposed approach can be employed in scenarios where the individual sensor nodes do not have knowledge of their location within an absolute coordinate system. C1 [Vincent, Patrick J.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Turnmala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Vincent, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU UAV Extension to the US Special Operations; Threat Warning System FX Support for this research was provided in part by the Ground and UAV Extension to the US Special Operations Command and Joint Threat Warning System. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1159-7 PY 2007 BP 661 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH57 UT WOS:000253304300111 ER PT S AU Phillips, DD Kang, W Ahner, DK Mansager, BK AF Phillips, Donovan D. Kang, Wei Ahner, Darryl K. Mansager, Bard K. GP IEEE TI A dynamical system model of information flow on the battlefield SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL Montreal, COOK ISLANDS SP IEEE AB The Dynamic Model of Situated Cognition (DMSC) is a descriptive model of information processing and information flow on the battlefield. This model illustrates the relationship between technological systems and human perceptual and cognitive processes and provides an effective framework within which to view information flow in a complex system. This research applies dynamical system modeling and control theory approaches to model the DMSC mathematically, represent decision maker feedback as input to the mathematical model, and represent the process by which the enormous amount of collected information is filtered, fused, and reduced to the relatively small subset of information a decision maker ultimately sees, toward the end of making this process more effective and efficient. The end result is a computational model of the information flow process, enabling decision makers to assess strengths and weaknesses in information processing system design. C1 [Phillips, Donovan D.; Kang, Wei; Mansager, Bard K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ahner, Darryl K.] US Army TRADOC Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Phillips, DD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dphillip@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu; dkahner@nps.edu; bkmansag@nps.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office; U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office and the U.S. Army TRADOC Analysis Center. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0990-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2007 BP 558 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP06 UT WOS:000255016300097 ER PT S AU Lee, H Singh, S An, W Gokhale, SS Pattipati, K Kleiniman, DL AF Lee, Hyunsung Singh, Satnam An, Woosun Gokhale, Swapna S. Pattipati, Krishna Kleiniman, David L. GP IEEE TI Rollout strategy for hidden Markov model (HMM)-based dynamic sensor scheduling SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL Montreal, COOK ISLANDS SP IEEE AB In this paper, a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based dynamic sensor scheduling problem is formulated, and solved using rollout concepts to overcome the computational intractability of the dynamic programming (DP) recursion. The problem considered here involves dynamically sequencing a set of sensors to minimize the sum of sensor cost and the HMM state estimation error cost. The surveillance task is modeled as a single HMM with multiple emission matrices corresponding to each of the sensors. The rollout information gain (RIG) algorithm proposed herein employs the information gain (IG) heuristic as the base algorithm. The RIG algorithm is illustrated on an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) scenario of a village for the presence of weapons and terrorists/refugees. Extension of the RIG strategy to monitor multiple HMMs involves combining the information gain heuristic with the auction algorithm that computes the kappa -best assignments at each decision epoch of rollout. C1 [Lee, Hyunsung; Singh, Satnam; An, Woosun; Pattipati, Krishna] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gokhale, Swapna S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Connecticut, CT USA. [Kleiniman, David L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM krishna@engr.uconn.edu FU Office of Naval Research [00014-00-1-0101] FX The study reported in this paper was supported,in part,by the Office of Naval Research under contract no.00014-00-1-0101. Any opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not represent those of the sponsor. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0990-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2007 BP 3691 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP06 UT WOS:000255016303112 ER PT S AU Alderson, DL Doyle, JC AF Alderson, David L. Doyle, John C. GP IEEE TI Can complexity science support the engineering of critical network infrastructures? SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL Montreal, COOK ISLANDS SP IEEE ID COMMUNICATION-NETWORKS; INTERNET; ORGANIZATION; ROBUST; RULES AB Considerable attention is now being devoted to the study of "complexity science" with the intent of discovering and applying universal laws of highly interconnected and evolved systems. This paper considers several issues related to the use of these theories in the context of critical infrastructures, particularly the Internet. Specifically, we revisit the notion of "organized complexity" and suggest that it is fundamental to our ability to understand, operate, and design next-generation infrastructure networks. We comment on the role of engineering in defining an architecture to support networked infrastructures and highlight recent advances in the theory of distributed control driven by network technologies. C1 [Alderson, David L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Doyle, John C.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alderson, DL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlalders@nps.edu; doyle@cds.caltech.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-0990-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2007 BP 3937 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP06 UT WOS:000255016303153 ER PT B AU Chou, YC Lange, MD Bennett, BR Boos, JB Yang, JM Papanicolaou, NA Lin, CH Lee, LJ Nam, PS Gutierrez, AL Farkas, DS Tsai, RS Wojtowicz, M Chin, TP Oki, AK AF Chou, Y. C. Lange, M. D. Bennett, B. R. Boos, J. B. Yang, J. M. Papanicolaou, N. A. Lin, C. H. Lee, L. J. Nam, P. S. Gutierrez, A. L. Farkas, D. S. Tsai, R. S. Wojtowicz, M. Chin, T. P. Oki, A. K. GP IEEE TI 0.1 mu m In0.2Al0.8Sb-InAsHEMT low-noise amplifiers for ultralow-power applications SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 10-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID INAS/ALSB HEMT AB A 0.1 mu m In0.2Al0.8Sb-InAs HEMT MMIC technology was developed for phased-array applications with ultralow-power and oxidation-free requirements. An In0.2Al0.8Sb layer was utilized to replace the upper AlSb layer in the conventional AlSb-InAs HEMT in order to mitigate the oxidation incurred by the AlSb layer. In this work, we have demonstrated excellent dc and rf performance on both devices and low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) using 0.1 mu m In0.2Al0.8Sb-InAs HEMTs on 3-inch GaAs substrates. This accomplishment is crucial for phased-array applications with ultralow-power and oxidation-free requirements. C1 [Chou, Y. C.; Lange, M. D.; Yang, J. M.; Lin, C. H.; Lee, L. J.; Nam, P. S.; Gutierrez, A. L.; Farkas, D. S.; Tsai, R. S.; Wojtowicz, M.; Chin, T. P.; Oki, A. K.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Bennett, B. R.; Boos, J. B.; Papanicolaou, N. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chou, YC (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM yeong-chang.chou@ngc.com RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU DARPA [FA8750-06-C-0051] FX This work was supported by DARPA under contract number FA8750-06-C-0051. The authors thank Dr. Mark Rosker (DARPA) and all the engineers and technicians at Northrop Grumman who contributed to this work. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1507-6 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2007 BP 617 EP + DI 10.1109/IEDM.2007.4419015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIG52 UT WOS:000259347800140 ER PT B AU Monheim, AL AF Monheim, A. L. GP IEEE TI An Engineering Manager's Quick-Start Guide to Managing Personalities SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Engineering Management Conference CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Lost Pines, TX SP IEEE DE Engineering Management; Group Dynamics; Personalities; Self-Assessment AB Most engineering curriculums do not include dedicated courses on managing people. The first experience many Engineers have with managing people happens on the job. While there are many tools available on the open market to help, it is often an inefficient process of trial and error to develop a management strategy that works for your unique situation. This paper attempts to provide a starting point for new Engineering Managers to quickly gain an accurate picture of the individual and group dynamics within their organization so they can make more effective use of the management tools available. C1 USN, Satellite Operat Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. RP Monheim, AL (reprint author), USN, Satellite Operat Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. EM angela.monheim@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2145-9 PY 2007 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOZ34 UT WOS:000278100300050 ER PT S AU Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Soldan, DL Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Soldan, David L. Ives, Robert W. GP IEEE TI Using artificial neural networks and feature saliency techniques for improved Iris segmentation SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID RECOGNITION AB One of the basic challenges to robust iris recognition is iris segmentation. This paper proposes the use of a feature saliency algorithm and an artificial neural network to perform iris segmentation. Many current Iris segmentation approaches assume a circular shape for the iris boundary if the iris is directly facing the camera. Occlusion by the eyelid can cause the visible boundary to have an irregular shape. In our approach an artificial neural network is used to statistically classify each pixel of an iris image with no assumption of circularity. First, a feed-forward feature saliency technique is performed to determine which combination of features contains the greatest discriminatory information. Image brightness, local moments, local orientated energy measurements and relative pixel location are evaluated for saliency. Next, the set of salient features is used as the input to a multi-layer perceptron feed-forward artificial neural network trained for classification. Testing showed 96.46 percent accuracy in determining which pixels in an image of the eye were iris pixels. For occluded images, the iris masks created by the neural network were consistently more accurate than the truth mask created using the circular iris boundary assumption. Post-processing to retain the largest contiguous piece in the iris mask increased the accuracy to 98.2 percent. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kennell, Lauren R.; Soldan, David L.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM broussar@usna.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1379-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2007 BP 1283 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2007.4371143 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHM64 UT WOS:000254291101042 ER PT B AU Liu, J Hou, YT Kompella, S Sherali, HD AF Liu, Jia Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry Sherali, Hanif D. GP IEEE TI Conjugate gradient projection approach for MIMO Gaussian broadcast channels SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE ID UPLINK-DOWNLINK DUALITY; CAPACITY AB Researchers have recently shown that the dirtypaper coding (DPC) is the optimal transmission strategy for multiple-input multiple-output Gaussian broadcast channels (MIMO BC). Moreover, by the channel duality, the nonconvex MIMO BC sum rate problem can be transformed to the convex dual MIMO multiple-access channel (MIMO MAC) problem with a sum power constraint. In this paper, we design an efficient algorithm based on conjugate gradient projection (CGP) to solve the MIMO BC maximum sum rate problem. Our proposed CGP algorithm solves the dual sum power MAC problem by utilizing the powerful concept of Hessian conjugate. We also develop a rigorous algorithm to solve the projection problem. We show that CGP enjoys provable convergence, scalability, and efficiency for large MIMO BC systems. C1 [Liu, Jia; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-05-1-0481]; NSF [0094462] FX The work of Y.T. Hou and J. Liu has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant N00014-05-1-0481. The work of H.D. Sherali has been supported in part by NSF Grant 0094462. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1397-3 PY 2007 BP 781 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2007.4557319 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHW32 UT WOS:000257010200157 ER PT B AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Nguyen, Gam D. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Throughput (bits/sec/Hz) of capture-based random-access systems with SINR channel models SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE AB We study power-based capture, under which a transmission is correctly decoded at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions, if the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) exceeds a threshold b >= 0. Most previous studies have expressed throughput in terms of packets per slot as a function of b. However, since the value of b is a function of parameters such as data rate and the specified value of bit-error rate (BER), it is actually more appropriate to consider throughput in terms of bits per second per Hz at a specified value of BER. In this paper, we address the relationships between the throughput that can be achieved (using a specific modulation scheme and BER criterion) and the threshold value b. C1 [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Elect & Comp Eng Dept, College Pk 20742, MD USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nr1.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nr1.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1397-3 PY 2007 BP 2401 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2007.4557172 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHW32 UT WOS:000257010202142 ER PT S AU Scheibner, M AF Scheibner, M. GP IEEE TI Coupling of optically active quantum dots SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 662 EP 663 DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382580 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200330 ER PT S AU Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Bewley, William W. Canedy, Chadwick L. Nolde, Jill A. Larrabee, Diane C. Lindle, J. Ryan Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. GP IEEE TI Single-chip interband cascade DFB laser with extended tuning range SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL AB We report the operation of an interband cascade-based DFB laser in the mid-IR. The device operates single-mode from 78 to 160 K, with up to 10 nm of current tuning and quasi-continuous tuning of 26 nm by also varying temperature. C1 [Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Bewley, William W.; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Nolde, Jill A.; Larrabee, Diane C.; Lindle, J. Ryan; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 699 EP 700 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200349 ER PT S AU Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI A cross-layer approach to optimal wireless link scheduling with SINR constraints SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB In this paper, we address the problem of determining the minimum-length schedule that satisfies certain link demands in a wireless network. Traditional approaches for the determination of minimum-length schedules are based on a collision channel, in which neighboring transmissions cause destructive interference if and only if they are within the "interference region" of the receiving nodes. In contrast, we use a cross-layer approach that incorporates the realistic properties of the physical layer by requiring that a threshold on signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) be exceeded for a transmission to be considered successful. The minimum-length scheduling problem can be formulated as a simple linear programming problem. However, such a direct approach requires the enumeration of all feasible matchings, which may not be computationally efficient for larger sized networks. Therefore, we present an an alternative solution procedure based on problem decomposition, that selectively enumerates only those matchings that contribute towards the optimal. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.; Ephremides, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kompella, Sastry; Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.; Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Commun Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 177 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000030 ER PT S AU Zouros, G Robertson, C AF Zouros, Georgios Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of MQAM with effors-and-erasures decoding to mitigate the effects of pulse-noise interference SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID DIVERSITY; CODES AB The performance of a system utilizing an M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation waveform transmitted over a frequency-selective, slowly fading, Nakagami channel with pulse-noise interference in addition to additive white Gaussian noise is examined. The underlying information bits are assumed to be convolutionally encoded with a binary convolutional code prior to transmission over the channel, and the receiver is assumed to use errors-and-erasures demodulation and Viterbi decoding. The performance obtained with errors-and-erasures demodulation and decoding is compared with the performance obtained with errors-only hard decision Viterbi decoding. C1 [Zouros, Georgios; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zouros, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 260 EP 266 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000043 ER PT S AU Taxeidis, K Robertson, C AF Taxeidis, Konstantinos Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of BPSK signals transmitted over slow, flat, Nakagami fading channels with pulse-noise interference and modified noise-normalization of the soft receiver output SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID PARTIAL-BAND INTERFERENCE; FREQUENCY-HOPPING SYSTEM; JAMMING INTERFERENCE; ERROR PROBABILITIES; HOPPED MFSK; DIVERSITY AB The performance of a system utilizing a binary phase-shift keyed waveform transmitted over a frequency-selective, slowly fading Nakagami channel with pulse-noise interference in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is examined. The underlying information bits are assumed to be convolutionally encoded prior to transmission over the channel, and the receiver is assumed to use soft decision Viterbi decoding with modified noise-normalization of the soft receiver output. Two types of modification are examined. In the first, the interference power present during a bit is multiplied by some factor prior to normalization, providing the means to determine the effect of either underestimating or overestimating the interference noise power on receiver performance. In the second, when interference power is determined to be present, the normalization factor is taken to be four or more times the noise power of AWGN alone, thus providing a deemphasis of bits that are affected by the pulse-noise interference that relies only on a measurement of the relative noise power instead of an exact measurement of the noise power for a particular bit. The performance obtained with both types of modified noise-normalization of the soft receiver output prior to decoding is compared with the performance obtained with a maximum-likelihood, soft decision receiver. C1 [Taxeidis, Konstantinos; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Taxeidis, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000044 ER PT S AU Chakeres, ID Danilov, C Henderson, TR Macker, JP AF Chakeres, Ian D. Danilov, Claudiu Henderson, Thomas R. Macker, Joseph P. GP IEEE TI Connecting MANET multicast SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Connecting mobile ad-hoe networks (MANETs) to the legacy layer networks poses numerous challenges that have not been much explored. The internal topology of a MANET and external connectivity to a backbone network will likely vary greatly over time, and MANET nodes need to be able to communicate with nodes in other attached networks as changes occur. Keeping a MANET's multicast routing domain connected to other networks is not well understood and has been under-explored, especially when the MANET has multiple connections to the larger network. In this paper, we describe the challenges for attaching a MANET and delivering multicast between the MANET and other, higher tiered, legacy networks. Most importantly, we provide an efficient simple design solution that addresses the various multicast challenges. Additionally, we analyze the qualitative performance of different design elements and make recommendations for actual deployment. C1 [Chakeres, Ian D.; Danilov, Claudiu; Henderson, Thomas R.] Boeing Phantom Works, POB 3707,MC 7L-49, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Macker, Joseph P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Chakeres, ID (reprint author), Boeing Phantom Works, POB 3707,MC 7L-49, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-06-C-0023] FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) contract N00014-06-C-0023 and was performed in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory Information Technology Division. The authors would like to thank Santanu Das (ONR program manager) and Jae H. Kim (Boeing PI and PM) for their support. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 412 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000067 ER PT S AU Pyloudis, K Robertson, C Kragh, F Ha, T AF Pyloudis, Konstantinos Robertson, Clark Kragh, Frank Ha, Tri GP IEEE TI Low spectral efficiency trellis coded modulation systems in a pulse-noise interference environment SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) is a method of implementing error correction coding without decreasing the data rate or increasing the channel bandwidth. TCM is a combination of M-my modulation and error correction coding. This paper investigates the performance of a low spectral efficiency TCM system. The effects of both additive white Gaussian noise and pulse-noise interference (PNI) are considered for a TCM system with quadrature phase-shift keying modulation and rate r = 1/2 convolutional encoding. The TCM system shows much better than expected performance and significant resistance to PNI, and performance improves as the number of convolutional code memory elements increases. C1 [Pyloudis, Konstantinos; Robertson, Clark; Kragh, Frank; Ha, Tri] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pyloudis, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 912 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000140 ER PT S AU Drivas, A Robertson, C Ha, T AF Drivas, Athanasios Robertson, Clark Ha, Tri GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of TCM waveforms transmitted over a channel with pulse-noise interference SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) is a technique that introduces forward error correction coding without increasing the bandwidth of the channel signal. TCM combines binary convolutional codes with M-ary modulation in one operation. The waveform is assumed to be transmitted over a channel with both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and pulse-noise interference (PNI). In addition to a TCM waveform consisting of a rate r = 2/3 convolutional code with 8-phase-shift keying (8-PSK) modulation (analogous to the IEEE 802.11g TCM mode) and a TCM system consisting of two rate r = 1/2 convolutional codes encoding data that is modulated on the in-phase and quadrature channels, respectively, with 4-pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) is examined As compared to an r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system the decoding complexity of the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system is significantly less when the number of encoder memory elements is large. For both TCM systems, the effect of varying the number of encoder memory elements when PNI is present is examined. It is found that as the number of encoder memory elements increases the negative effect of PNI decreases. When the total number of memory elements in the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system is twice that of the r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system (each r = 1/2 encoder has the same number of memory elements as the r = 2/3 encoder), the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system has better immunity to PNI than the r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system. C1 [Drivas, Athanasios; Robertson, Clark; Ha, Tri] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drivas, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1286 EP 1292 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000196 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Murphy, JL Burris, HR Stell, MF Moore, CI Suite, MR Freeman, W Gilbreath, GC Binari, SC AF Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Murphy, James L. Burris, H. Ray Stell, Mena F. Moore, Chris I. Suite, Michelle R. Freeman, Wade Gilbreath, G. C. Binari, Steven C. GP IEEE TI Modulating retro-reflector devices and current link performance at the Naval Research Laboratory SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; COMMUNICATION; RETROREFLECTORS; SYSTEM AB Free-space optical communication is often desired between two nodes having different capabilities. Using a modulating retroreflector (AM) shifts most of the power, weight, and pointing requirements to one end of the link, allowing the other end to be extremely small, low-power, and requiring only rough pointing (to within +/-15 degrees). For a 5 Mb/s link at 2 km, our entire AM package including drive electronics weighs only 8.5 g and requires 60 mW. This same device has also been arrayed to further relax the pointing requirements. In the simplest MRR link, an unmodulated (CW) laser interrogates a AM comprised of an absorptive modulator and a retroreflector. If the interrogation beam is within the retroreflector's field of view (FOV), the beam will return to the interrogator with data impressed on it. In this discussion, we present the range of MRRs developed since 1998 at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NRL's MRRs include both corner cube retroreflector and cat's eye retroreflector types, both individually and in arrays. Each variation has unique characteristics which may be beneficial or disqualifying in different situations. Size, weight, FOV, power consumption, cost, speed x range product, modulator type, ruggedness, time-to-market, and requirement for angle division multiplexing are all determining factors in AM design and retro-reflector choice. We compare strengths, weaknesses, and give current link performance data for several different systems. Links demonstrated include shore-to-shore, boat-to-shore, and UAV-to-ground over a wide range of distances and data rates. C1 [Goetz, Peter G.; Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Ferraro, Mike S.; Murphy, James L.; Burris, H. Ray; Stell, Mena F.; Moore, Chris I.; Suite, Michelle R.; Freeman, Wade; Gilbreath, G. C.; Binari, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1351 EP 1357 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000206 ER PT S AU Kragh, F Nga, C Hermes, DJ Robertson, RC AF Kragh, Frank Nga, CheeWei Hermes, Douglas J. Robertson, R. Clark GP IEEE TI Spectrally efficient digital modulation using new pulse shapes SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Linear modulation schemes such as phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are inherently spectrally efficient. The authors seek enhanced spectral efficiency by designing new spectrally efficient pulse shapes for such digital modulations. The pulses designed are of finite duration and exhibit zero intersymbol interference when received through an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The authors show that the resulting communications signals have optimal spectral roll-off while maintaining optimum bit error ratio performance when received via an AWGN channel. The bandwidths and power spectral densities of communications signals using these pulses are compared with traditional spectrally efficient communications signals. C1 [Kragh, Frank; Nga, CheeWei; Hermes, Douglas J.; Robertson, R. Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fekragh@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1358 EP 1362 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000207 ER PT S AU Su, W Alchazidis, N Ha, TT AF Su, Weilian Alchazidis, Nikolaos Ha, Tri T. GP IEEE TI Data integrity in RFID systems SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE passive RFID systems; tags; framed slotted aloha; collisions; data integrity; progressing scanning algorithm AB One of the main problems that affect the data integrity of passive RFID systems is the collision between the tags. A popular anticollision algorithm which dominates the standards in HF and UHF passive RFID systems is Framed Slotted Aloha (FSA) and some variations of FSA. Throughput and average time delay of the RFID system which determines the performance/efficiency of the system are reduced rapidly when the number of tags inside the interrogation zone is increased. Using larger frame sizes is not always the solution. This paper proposes a variation of FSA, called Progressing Scanning (PS) algorithm. The PS algorithm divides the tags in the interrogation zone into smaller groups and gives the ability to the reader to communicate each time with one of them. For performance analysis, the PS algorithm was evaluated with the parameters of a typical passive RFID system at 2.5 GHz. The results showed that the PS algorithm can improve the efficiency of the RFID system and provide a reliable solution for cases with a high density of tags in the area (over 800 tags). C1 [Su, Weilian; Alchazidis, Nikolaos; Ha, Tri T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; nalchazi@nps.edu; ha@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1465 EP 1471 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000224 ER PT S AU Chou, YC Yang, JM Lin, CH Lee, J Lange, M Tsai, R Nam, P Nishimoto, M Gutierrez, A Quach, H Lai, R Farkas, D Wojtowicz, M Chin, P Barsky, M Boos, AOJB Bennett, BR AF Chou, Yeong-Chang Yang, Jeffrey M. Lin, Chun H. Lee, Jane Lange, M. Tsai, R. Nam, Peter Nishimoto, M. Gutierrez, Augusto Quach, Helen Lai, Richard Farkas, D. Wojtowicz, M. Chin, Patrick Barsky, Mike Boos, Aaron Oki J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. GP IEEE TI Manufacturable and reliable 0.1 mu m AlSb/InAs HEMT MMIC technology for ultra-low power applications SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE low noise amplifier; HEMT; MMIC AB This paper describes a manufacturable and reliable 0.1 mu m AlSb/InAs MMIC technology for ultra-low power applications. AlSb/InAs HEMTs have been demonstrated with only one-tenth power dissipation of conventional InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs. The uniform DC and RF performance of AlSb/InAs HEMTs have been demonstrated on 3-inch GaAs substrates. The further demonstration of reliable AlSb/InAs HEMT technology warrants the successful insertion of AlSb/InAs HEMT MMICs for military and space applications with ultra-low power requirements. C1 [Chou, Yeong-Chang; Yang, Jeffrey M.; Lin, Chun H.; Lee, Jane; Lange, M.; Tsai, R.; Nam, Peter; Nishimoto, M.; Gutierrez, Augusto; Quach, Helen; Lai, Richard; Farkas, D.; Wojtowicz, M.; Chin, Patrick; Barsky, Mike] Northop Grumman Space Technol, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Boos, Aaron Oki J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chou, YC (reprint author), Northop Grumman Space Technol, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU DARPA [FA8750-06-C 0051] FX The work is supported by DARPA under contract number FA8750-06-C 0051. The authors would like to thank Dr. Mark Rosker (DARPA) and all the engineers and technicians at Northrop Grumman who contributed to this work. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380488 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827401021 ER PT S AU Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, RE AF Qiu, J. X. Abe, D. K. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Danly, B. G. Levush, B. Myers, R. E. GP IEEE TI Efficient operation of traveling-wave tube amplifier with dyncamically adjusted collector bias voltages SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS AB We describe a novel efficiency enhancement technique for traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) for applications in digital communication systems. The enhancement is obtained by tracking the time-dependent power envelope of the input waveform and dynamically adjusting the bias voltages of the TWT's multi-stage depressed collector. The instantaneous amplitude of the input waveform is used as a guide to optimize the collector bias voltages to the particular energy distribution of the spent electron beam to achieve maximum energy recovery. The improvement in recovered energy and efficiency has been demonstrated by experiment and through simulation by the large-signal helix TWT code CBRISTINE. C1 [Qiu, J. X.; Abe, D. K.; Danly, B. G.; Levush, B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Myers, R. E.] ATK Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr.J.Rodgers for his assistance with our high voltage modulator.This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 1264 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827403037 ER PT B AU Gilcrist, LE Baker, GS Swaminathan, S Visco, DP Bharadwaj, R Mukhopaday, S Shenai, K Sen, S AF Gilcrist, Laura E. Baker, Gregory S. Swaminathan, Saravanan Visco, Donald P., Jr. Bharadwaj, Ramesh Mukhopaday, Supratik Shenai, Krishna Sen, Surajit GP IEEE TI Acoustic interrogation of soil and possible remote detection of shallow buried inclusions SO 2007 IEEE NORTH-EAST WORKSHOP ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE North-East Workshop on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 05-08, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, RESMIQ, CMC, Hardent, ISR Technologies, Ecole Polytech Montreal ID SURFACE AB Here we address the problem of remotely interrogating the shallow subsurface of soil using low power mechanical energy transmission and sensing the subsequent backscattering from the soil bed to find small buried objects at very shallow depths (similar to 15 cm or less). The effort is geared towards the development of better technologies for the remote detection and imaging of buried land mines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other undesirable objects. We present our studies against the backdrop of what is known in this field today. Our ongoing work is briefly summarized with an outline of the underlying physics of acoustic backscattering from shallow buried objects and of how such backscattering can be inexpensively and remotely detected and interpreted for possible use in automated mine clearance operations. C1 [Sen, Surajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Gilcrist, Laura E.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Baker, Gregory S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Swaminathan, Saravanan; Visco, Donald P., Jr.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bharadwaj, Ramesh] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mukhopaday, Supratik] Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Shenai, Krishna] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sen, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sen@nsm.buffalo.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1163-4 PY 2007 BP 117 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHX72 UT WOS:000257283200030 ER PT S AU Schumer, JW Commisso, J Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Phipps, DG Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC Cooperstein, G Blackburn, BW Jones, JL Johnson, J Valles, NO AF Schumer, J. W. Commisso, J. Hinshelwood, D. D. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, P. F. Phipps, D. G. Stephanakis, S. J. Weber, B. V. Young, F. C. Cooperstein, G. Blackburn, B. W. Jones, J. L. Johnson, J. Valles, N. O. GP IEEE TI Development of an intense pulsed characteristic gamma-ray source for active interrogation of special nuclear material SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID ION-BEAMS AB An intense source of characteristic gamma-rays is developed as a potential probe to identify special nuclear material. A pinch-reflex ion diode is operated on the Gamble II pulsed power generator to produce proton beams with 270-kA peak current and 2.0-MV peak voltage. These beams bombard a PTFE (Teflon) target to produce characteristic gamma-rays by the F-19(p,alpha gamma)O-16 reaction with energies of 6.13, 6.92, and 7.12 MeV and with an intensity of 3.1x10(11) gamma-rays into 4 pi in a single 50-ns duration pulse. Simple ballistic transport is used to transport the proton beam one meter so that the gamma-ray signal is separated in time and space from the diode bremsstrahlung pulse. C1 [Schumer, J. W.; Commisso, J.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Murphy, D. P.; Ottinger, P. F.; Weber, B. V.; Cooperstein, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, D.; Phipps, D. G.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Young, F. C.] L 3 Commun, Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Blackburn, B. W.; Jones, J. L.; Johnson, J.; Valles, N. O.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.schumer@nri.navy.mil RI Johnson, James/B-9689-2017 OI Johnson, James/0000-0002-3434-4413 FU INFN; University of Padova FX This work was supported by INFN and University of Padova. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4437187 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380400217 ER PT S AU Gwon, CS Novikova, EI Phlips, BF Strickman, MS Fewtrell, ZG Deng, S Johns, RC Waters, LS AF Gwon, Chul S. Novikova, Elena I. Phlips, Bernard F. Strickman, Mark S. Fewtrell, Zachary G. Deng, Sam Johns, Russell C. Waters, Laurie S. GP IEEE TI Interacting with the SWORD package (SoftWare for the Optimization of Radiation Detectors) SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB We present the first version of SoftWare for the Optimization of Radiation Detectors (SWORD): a software package designed to simplify the evaluation of different gamma-ray detector configurations or the process of conducting system architecture studies for Homeland Security and other applications. It is a fully integrated system that uses GEANT4 [2] and MCNPX [3] to conduct Monte Carlo simulations, and can analyze the resulting output in a single step. We discuss in detail the following: the SWORD 3-D graphical tool for interactively creating custom detector and environment designs; the integration of the MCNPX interface, where users can provide an MCNPX input deck and directly push it into the system; and finally the serialization of data into a binary format in order to better manage C1 [Gwon, Chul S.; Novikova, Elena I.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Strickman, Mark S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johns, Russell C.; Waters, Laurie S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gwon, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chul.gwon@nrl.navy.mil; novikova@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil; strickman@nrl.navy.mil; zachary.fewtrell@nrl.navy.mil; sam.deng@nrl.navy.mil; johns@lanl.gov; lsw@lanl.gov FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the U.S FX . This work was supported by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 1130 EP 1133 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4437206 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380400236 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Mitchell, LJ Phlips, BF AF Wulf, Eric A. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. Mitchell, Lee J. Phlips, Bernard F. GP IEEE TI Wafer-bonded silicon gamma-ray detectors SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB High-resistivity silicon wafers processed for use as gamma-ray detectors are wafer bonded together at low temperatures to produce thicker detectors. The bonding process allows performance similar to an unbonded detector and preserves the high resistivity and long minority carrier lifetimes of the individual wafers. Ultimately, this process will allow thicker detectors than are currently available. This will yield more efficient silicon detectors that are operational at room temperature and are useful for low energy x-ray detection as well as for sensitive Compton imagers. New results from wafer-bonded silicon detectors showing good gamma-ray resolution (4.5 keV FWHM) and performance similar to an unbonded detector (verified with both alpha particles and gamma rays) is presented. A technique to mitigate void formation at the bond interface, maintain material quality, and improve performance of a bonded detector is presented. C1 [Wulf, Eric A.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.; Mitchell, Lee J.; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wulf@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU Department of Homeland Security; Office of Naval Research FX This work supported in part by the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 1531 EP + DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4437290 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380401056 ER PT S AU Kim, MHY Nikjoo, H Dicello, JF Pisacane, VL Cucinotta, FA AF Kim, Myung-Hee Y. Nikjoo, Hooshang Dicello, John F. Pisacane, Vincent L. Cucinotta, Francis A. GP IEEE TI Comparison of integrated radiation transport models with TEPC measurements for the average quality factors in space flights SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID IONS AB The purpose of this work was to test our theoretical model for the interpretation of radiation data measured in space. During the space missions astronauts are exposed to the complex field of radiation type and kinetic energies from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), trapped protons, and sometimes solar particle events (SPEs). The tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) is a simple, time-dependent approach to radiation monitoring for astronauts on board the International Space Station. Another and a newer approach to microdosimetry is the use of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology launched on the MidSTAR-1 mission in low Earth orbit (LEO). In the radiation protection practice, the average quality factor of a radiation field is defined as a function of linear energy transfer (LET), Q(avg)(LET). However, TEPC measures the average quality factor as a function of the lineal energy y, Q(avg)(y), defined as the average energy deposition in a volume divided by the average chord length of the volume. Lineal energy, y, deviates from LET due to energy straggling, delta-ray escape or entry, and nuclear fragments produced in the detector volume. Using an integrated space radiation model (which includes the transport codes BRYNTRN and HZETRN, and the quantum nuclear interaction model QMSFRG) and the response distribution functions of the walled-TEPC, we compared model calculations with the walled-TEPC measurements from NASA missions in LEO in order to develop a method of accurate exposure predictions for the lunar and the Mars missions. Good agreement was found for Q(avg)(y) between the model and measured spectra from past NASA missions. The Q(avg)(y) values for the trapped or the solar protons over-estimate the Q(avg)(LET) values, and the quantities increase with shield thickness due to nuclear fragmentation. The Q(avg)(v) for the complete GCR spectra measured from flight TEPCs under-estimate the Q(avg)(LET). The values for the GCR decrease with the shield thickness. Our analysis for a proper interpretation of observed data supports the use of TEPCs for monitoring the space radiation environment. C1 [Kim, Myung-Hee Y.; Nikjoo, Hooshang] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dicello, John F.; Pisacane, Vincent L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kim, MHY (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM myung-hee.y.kim@nasa.gov FU National Space Biomedical Research Institute [NASA NCC 9-58] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Space Radiation Risk Project and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute under Grant No. NASA NCC 9-58. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 2362 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380401225 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J Frost, E Phlips, BF Vernon, E Wulf, EA AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack Frost, Elliot Phlips, Bernard F. Vernon, Emerson Wulf, Eric A. GP IEEE TI Front-end ASIC for a silicon Compton telescope SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB We describe a front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for a silicon Compton telescope. Composed of 32 channels, it reads out signals in both polarities from each side of a Silicon strip sensor, 2 mm thick 27 cm long, characterized by a strip capacitance of 30 pF. Each front-end channel provides low-noise charge amplification, shaping with a stabilized baseline, discrimination, and peak detection with an analog memory. The channels can process events simultaneously, and the read out is sparsified. The charge amplifier makes uses a dual-cascode configuration and dual-polarity adaptive reset. The low-hysteresis discriminator and the multi-phase peak detector process signals with a dynamic range in excess of four hundred. An equivalent noise charge (ENC) below 200 electrons was measured at 30 pF, with a slope of about 4.5 electrons / pF at a peaking time of 4 mu s. With a total dissipated power of 5 mW the channel covers an energy range up to 3.2 MeV. C1 [De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack; Vernon, Emerson] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Frost, Elliot] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM degeronimo@bnl.gov RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO); U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX Manuscript received November 8, 2007; revised May 14, 2008. Current version published September 19, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 2411 EP + DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436629 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380401235 ER PT S AU Hermes, DJ Kragh, FE AF Hermes, Douglas J. Kragh, Frank E. GP IEEE TI A bandwidth efficient constant envelope modulation with Reed-Solomon coding SO 2007 IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing CY AUG 22-24, 2007 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE HO Univ Victoria AB This paper presents Reed-Solomon (RS) coding applied to an innovative, constant envelope modulation technique that was originally developed by Resnikoff and Tigerman [1]. The general waveform and phaseform are presented as-well-as probability of bit error and symbol error expressions for uncoded binary and uncoded M-ary modulation, respectively. Bit error performance analysis is presented for the case of RS coded waveforms when the modulation symbol size (M) is less than the RS coded symbol size (Q). In addition, upper and lower performance bounds are derived for RS coded waveforms for M less than Q. Performance analysis curves are presented for the M = 8 and Q = 64 case. Finally, simulation results are also presented for the M = 8 and Q = 64 case that strongly agree with analysis. C1 [Hermes, Douglas J.; Kragh, Frank E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hermes, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Room 437, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0893-4266 BN 978-1-4244-1189-4 J9 IEEE PACIF PY 2007 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHH58 UT WOS:000253304800105 ER PT B AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ Sereno, NS Yao, CY Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, A. H. Yang, B. X. Berg, W. J. Sereno, N. S. Yao, C. -Y. Rule, D. W. GP IEEE TI Far-field OTR and ODR images produced by 7-GeV electron beams at APS SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE AB We have investigated the angular distribution patterns (far-field focus) of optical transition radiation (OTR) and optical diffraction radiation (ODR) generated by 7-GeV electron beams passing through and near an Al metal plane, respectively. The 70-mu rad opening angles of the OTR patterns provide calibration factors for the system. Effects of the upstream quadrupole focusing strength on the patterns as well as polarization effects were observed. The OTR data are compared to an existing OTR single-foil model, while ODR profile results are compared to expressions for single-edge diffraction. ODR was studied with impact parameters of about 1.25 mm, close to the gamma lambda-bar value of 1.4 mm for 628-nm radiation. We expect angle-pointing information along the x axis parallel to the mirror edge is available from the single-lobe ODR data as well as divergence information at the sub-100-mu rad level. Experimental and model results will be presented. C1 [Lumpkin, A. H.; Yang, B. X.; Berg, W. J.; Sereno, N. S.; Yao, C. -Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rule, D. W.] NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Argonne Accelerator Institute; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge support from K.-J. Kim of the Argonne Accelerator Institute.; Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 313 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096300105 ER PT B AU Jing, C Kanareykin, A Konecny, R Power, JG Gold, SH Kazakov, S AF Jing, C. Kanareykin, A. Konecny, R. Power, J. G. Gold, S. H. Kazakov, S. GP IEEE TI Progress towards a gap free dielectric-loaded accelerator SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE AB One of the major concerns in the development of Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating (DLA) structures is the destructive breakdown at dielectric joints caused by a local electric field enhancement induced by the discontinuity of the dielectric constant at the surface of the joint gap. Our previous X-band traveling wave DLA structure design [1], for example, incorporated two separate impedance matching sections with at least two dielectric joints. In this paper, we present a new design to avoid this problem. This scheme is based on a coaxial type coupler which is able to implement mode conversion and impedance matching at the same time and therefore to eliminate joint gap induced breakdown. The new structure is under construction; bench test results will be presented. C1 [Jing, C.; Kanareykin, A.] LLC, Euclid Techlabs, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Konecny, R.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gold, S. H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kazakov, S.] KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Jing, C (reprint author), LLC, Euclid Techlabs, Solon, OH 44139 USA. EM jingchg@hep.anl.gov FU USDoE; SBIR; ONR FX Work supported by USDoE, including a SBIR Phase I grant, and ONR. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 2395 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096302268 ER PT B AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Long, J Jing, C Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD AF Gold, S. H. Kinkead, A. K. Gai, W. Power, J. G. Konecny, R. Long, J. Jing, C. Tantawi, S. G. Nantista, C. D. GP IEEE TI Development of a dielectric-loaded test accelerator SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE AB This paper presents a progress report on a joint project by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), in collaboration with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and Euclid Techlabs, LLC, to develop an X-band dielectric-loaded test accelerator in the NRL Magnicon Facility. The magnicon is a high-power 11.4-GHz amplifier tube that can produce up to 25 MW of power in 200-ns pulses at up to 10 Hz. The dielectric accelerating structures are developed by ANL and Euclid Techlabs, and tested at NRL and SLAC. The accelerator will include a 5-MeV electron injector developed by the Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. SLAC has developed a means to combine the two magnicon output arms, in order to drive an injector and accelerator with separate control of the power ratio and relative phase. The initial operation of the injector should take place later this year, and the first test with a DLA structure, and a spectrometer should take place within the next year. C1 [Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kinkead, A. K.] LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Gai, W.; Power, J. G.; Konecny, R.; Long, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jing, C.] Euclid Tech Labs LLC, Cleveland, OH 44139 USA. [Tantawi, S. G.; Nantista, C. D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy; US Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by Office of High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy and US Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 2455 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096303020 ER PT B AU Kaganovich, D Gordon, D Ting, A AF Kaganovich, D. Gordon, D. Ting, A. GP IEEE TI Laser plasma acceleration experiment at the naval research laboratory SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; WAVE AB A relativistically intense laser pulse is focused into a gas jet and quasi-monoenergetic electrons emitted at a 37 degree angle with respect to the laser axis are observed. The average energy of the electrons was between 1 and 2 MeV and the total accelerated charge was about 1 nC emitted into a 10 degree cone angle. The electron characteristics were sensitive to plasma density. The results are compared with three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. This electron acceleration mechanism might be useful as a source of injection electrons in a laser Wakefield accelerator. C1 [Kaganovich, D.; Gordon, D.; Ting, A.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Division, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Division, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DOE; ONR FX Work supported by DOE and ONR NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 2458 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096303021 ER PT B AU Petillo, JJ Jensen, K Levush, B Panagos, JNP AF Petillo, J. J. Jensen, K. Levush, B. Panagos, J. N. P. GP IEEE TI Detailed photoemmion modeling using the 3D finite-element Pic code MICHELLE SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE C1 [Petillo, J. J.; Panagos, J. N. P.] SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Jensen, K.; Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, JJ (reprint author), SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 2582 EP 2582 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096303057 ER PT B AU Montgomery, EJ Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Pan, Z Moody, NA Jensen, KL AF Montgomery, E. J. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. Pan, Z. Moody, N. A. Jensen, K. L. GP IEEE TI Fabrication and measurement of efficient, robust cesiated dispenser photocathodes SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AB Photocathodes for high power free electron lasers face significant engineering and physics challenges in the quest for efficient, robust, long-lived, prompt laser-switched operation. The most efficient semiconductor photocathodes, notably those responsive to visible wavelengths, suffer from poor lifetime due to surface layer degradation, contamination, and desorption. Using a novel dispenser photocathode design, rejuvenation of cesiated surface layers in situ is investigated for semiconductor coatings building on previous results for cesiated metals. Cesium from a sub-surface reservoir diffuses to the surface through a microscopically porous, sintered tungsten matrix to repair the degraded surface layer. The goal of this research is to engineer and demonstrate efficient, robust, long-lived regenerable photocathodes in support of predictive photocathode modeling efforts and suitable for photoinjection applications. C1 [Montgomery, E. J.; Feldman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.; Pan, Z.] U MD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montgomery, EJ (reprint author), U MD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ejm1@umd.edu FU Joint Technology Office (JTO); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX *Work supported by Joint Technology Office (JTO) and Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 3405 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096304071 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Petillo, J AF Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. Montgomery, E. J. O'Shea, P. G. Moody, N. A. Petillo, J. GP IEEE TI A theoretical photocathode emittance model including temperature and field effects SO 2007 IEEE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE AB A recently developed model of emittance & brightness of photocathode based on "moments" of the electron emission distribution is extended here to non-zero temperatures and fields. Temperature impacts scattering and affects quantum efficiency. Fields affect emission probability and are important in the presence of low-work function coatings characteristic of cesiated dispenser photocathodes under development. Extensions of theoretical models are given, followed by analysis of their comparison with numerical simulations of the intrinsic emittance and brightness of a photocathode. The methodology is designed to facilitate development of photoemission models into comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) codes to address variation in surface coverage and topology. C1 [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petillo, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; Montgomery, E. J.; O'Shea, P. G.] U MD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; the Office of Naval Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support provided by the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0916-7 J9 IEEE PART ACC CONF PY 2007 BP 3576 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BHP10 UT WOS:000255096304128 ER PT B AU Lock, E Walton, S Fernsler, R AF Lock, E. Walton, S. Fernsler, R. GP IEEE TI Langmuir probe diagnostics on continuous, electron beam produced plasma in 60 argon, nitrogen and their mixtures SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID GENERATED PLASMAS; IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; THRESHOLD AB Langmuir probe diagnostics have been carried out in the Naval Research Laboratory's Large Area Plasma Processing System (LAPPS) using a continuous, electron-beam produced plasma. The electron beam was extracted from a hollow-cathode discharge, accelerated using a high-voltage grid and a magnetic field was applied to confine the beam. The plasma was produced in a background of pure argon, nitrogen and their mixtures. The generated plasma had a high density 10(9)-10(11) cm(-3) like the conventional discharges but a lower electron temperature (< 1 eV) which allows for the processing of energy-sensitive materials. The effect of the operating parameters including hollow cathode and extraction voltages and currents on the plasma characteristics was examined. Further tuning of the plasma properties was achieved by adjustment of the magnetic field and the gas composition. C1 [Lock, E.; Walton, S.; Fernsler, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lock, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651790 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300012 ER PT B AU Murphy, DP Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Apruzese, JP Mosher, D AF Murphy, D. P. Weber, B. V. Commisso, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Mosher, D. GP IEEE TI Time-resolved voltage measurements of imploding radiation sources at 6 MA with a vacuum voltmeter SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB A vacuum-voltmeter [1] (VVM) was fielded on the Saturn pulsed-power generator during a series of 12-MA short-circuit, 6-MA aluminum wire-array z-pinch, and 6 MA argon Plasma Radiation Source (PRS) shots. The VVM was connected to the convolute structure in the vacuum chamber above the load. This arrangement permitted the VVM to directly measure the time-resolved voltage between the ground side of the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) anode and the negative high-voltage cathode feed to the load. The time-resolved voltage and the separately-measured load current are used to determine several dynamic properties during the wire or gas-puff load implosion, namely, the inductance, L(t), coupled energy delivered to the load, E-coupled(t), and the load radius, r(t). We report here the results of these tests for a fixed inductance short-circuit load and a 12-cm diameter, argon gas-puff load. We correlate the time dependent electrical parameters with the radiation output from the imploding loads. In particular, we observe electrical energy being delivered to the pinch during and after the radiation pulse.[2][3]. C1 [Murphy, D. P.; Weber, B. V.; Commisso, R. J.; Apruzese, J. P.; Mosher, D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651851 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300073 ER PT B AU Fliflet, AW Hornstein, MK Gold, SH AF Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa K. Gold, Steven H. GP IEEE TI Investigations of high-harmonic gyrotrons with frequency-doubled prebunched beams SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID MULTIMODE SIMULATION; WAVE AB There is currently considerable interest in operating gyrotrons at the second and higher cyclotron harmonics in order to access the near-THz regime and reduce magnetic field requirements. High frequency gyrotrons have successfully operated at the second harmonic [1]; however, competition from the fundamental harmonic limits operation and essentially precludes higher harmonic operation. Bandurkin and Savilov [2,3] recently proposed a scheme for frequency-doubled bunching of gyrating electron beams in a waveguide resonator formed from Bragg reflectors and with the drive frequency equal to the cyclotron frequency. Advantages of prebunching at twice the cyclotron frequency include suppression of the fundamental harmonic, enhanced second harmonic operation, and increased likelihood of fourth harmonic operation. We have investigated the use of this bunching technique to enhance higher-harmonic operation in gyrotron oscillators with annular beams. We compute the frequency-doubled bunching produced by a Bragg-type prebunching cavity and use a large-signal, multimode, multi-harmonic gyrotron oscillator code to simulate the effect of this bunching on a highly overmoded output cavity. Regimes of stable operation are predicted for second and fourth harmonic point designs. C1 [Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa K.; Gold, Steven H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651898 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300120 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Phipps, DG Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Pope, S Threadgold, J Biddle, L Clough, S Jones, A Sinclair, M Swatton, D Carden, T Oliver, BV AF Weber, B. V. Allen, R. J. Commisso, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Hinshelwood, D. D. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, P. F. Phipps, D. G. Schumer, J. W. Stephanakis, S. J. Swanekamp, S. B. Pope, S. Threadgold, J. Biddle, L. Clough, S. Jones, A. Sinclair, M. Swatton, D. Carden, T. Oliver, B. V. GP IEEE TI Plasma-filled rod-pinch diode research on gamble II SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode (PFRP) produces an intense, small x-ray source suitable for pulsed hydrodynamic radiography applications. This paper summarizes measurements of the radiographic properties of the PFRP. The small x-ray source diameter [0.4-mm full-width-at-half-maximum line-spread function] and high dose [23 rad(CaF2) at I m] with 1-2 MeV electron energies are unique capabilities that the PFRP offers for radiographic imaging in this electron-energy range. The source distribution has a narrow central peak that can enhance the spatial resolution relative to other sources with the same spot size (by standard definitions). The spectrum has enhanced emission of sub-300 keV x-rays that can improve the contrast of objects with low areal mass. C1 [Weber, B. V.; Allen, R. J.; Commisso, R. J.; Cooperstein, G.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Mosher, D.; Murphy, D. P.; Ottinger, P. F.; Phipps, D. G.; Schumer, J. W.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Swanekamp, S. B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pope, S.; Threadgold, J.; Biddle, L.; Clough, S.; Jones, A.; Sinclair, M.; Swatton, D.; Carden, T.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. [Oliver, B. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bruce.weber@nrl.nayy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research; Sandia National Laboratories; AWE Aldermaston FX Work supported by the US Office of Naval Research, Sandia National Laboratories and AWE Aldermaston NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 591 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651912 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300134 ER PT B AU Hinshelwood, D Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Huhman, BM Jackson, SL Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC Threadgold, J Oliver, BV AF Hinshelwood, David Allen, R. J. Commisso, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Huhman, B. M. Jackson, S. L. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, P. F. Schumer, J. W. Swanekamp, S. B. Weber, B. V. Young, F. C. Threadgold, J. Oliver, B., V GP IEEE TI High-power pinched-beam diode development for radiographic applications SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB The negative-polarity rod-pinch diode has been studied at the 6-MV, 150-kA level on the NRL Mercury generator, in both reentrant and non-reentrant geometries. We observe good electrical coupling in reentrant geometry and satisfactory coupling in the non-reentrant case. In contrast to previous results at lower voltage, we see good electrical coupling to thin-walled aluminum anodes We see evidence that the diode geometry away from the rod tip plays a role in diode performance. Our best results to date are 75 rads at 1 meter with a 1.8-mm-diam spot. A spot size as low as 1.3 mm has been obtained, though at lower dose. The measured dose rate agrees very well with that predicted from particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo modeling. An initial look at plasma-filled operation indicates that this technique is applicable to high-impedance diodes. C1 [Hinshelwood, David; Allen, R. J.; Commisso, R. J.; Cooperstein, G.; Huhman, B. M.; Jackson, S. L.; Murphy, D. P.; Ottinger, P. F.; Schumer, J. W.; Weber, B. V.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, D.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Young, F. C.] L3 Titan, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Threadgold, J.] AWE, Aldermaston, England. [Oliver, B., V] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hinshelwood, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ddh@suzie.nrl.navy.mil FU US Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories FX Work supported by the US Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 603 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651914 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300136 ER PT B AU Threadgold, J Martin, P Jones, A Short, D McLean, J Cooper, G Heathcote, A Hinshelwood, D Mosher, D Allen, R Cooperstein, G Portillo, S Oliver, B Rose, D Welch, D Bruner, N AF Threadgold, J. Martin, P. Jones, A. Short, D. McLean, J. Cooper, G. Heathcote, A. Hinshelwood, D. Mosher, D. Allen, R. Cooperstein, G. Portillo, S. Oliver, B. Rose, D. Welch, D. Bruner, N. GP IEEE TI Development of the self magnetic pinch diode as a high brightness radiographic source SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The Self Magnetic Pinch (SMP) diode has been developed from a low voltage (<2MV) to a high voltage (7-8MV) radiographic source as part of a program to build a Hydrodynamics research facility (Hydrus) at AWE Aldermaston. Development of the initial AWE diode design has used the facilities and assistance of a number of UK and US laboratories and companies to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations into the operation of the diode. Experimental campaigns have been carried out to both investigate the physics operation and to demonstrate performance on the RITS-3 and RITS-6 drivers at SNL, the Mercury and Gamble II drivers at NRL and the Mogul D and EROS drivers at AWE. Modelling of the diode has been carried out mainly using the Particle in Cell (PiC) code LsP. It has been demonstrated that the diode has achieved the required radiographic performance for Hydrus and it will be used as the initial operational diode when the facility is commissioned. Research to develop a long term diode with improved performance is still continuing.. C1 [Threadgold, J.; Martin, P.; Jones, A.; Short, D.; McLean, J.; Cooper, G.; Heathcote, A.] AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Hinshelwood, D.; Mosher, D.; Allen, R.; Cooperstein, G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Portillo, S.; Oliver, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rose, D.; Welch, D.; Bruner, N.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Threadgold, J (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 609 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651915 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300137 ER PT B AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, B LePell, PD Velikovich, AL Thornhill, JW Davis, J Chong, YK Clark, RW Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Chittenden, J AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. Jones, B. LePell, P. D. Velikovich, A. L. Thornhill, J. W. Davis, J. Chong, Y. K. Clark, R. W. Apruzese, J. P. Whitney, K. G. Chittenden, J. GP IEEE TI Impact of load variations on the stagnation of nested stainless steel and copper Z pinches SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID WIRE ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; Z-ACCELERATOR; NUMBER; TITANIUM; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; MASS AB A variety of wire array experiments the last few years at the 20 MA Z Accelerator have been performed to assess the impact of initial load mass, initial load diameter, and variations of the nested array configuration on the K-shell output. Nominally, optimized configurations have been identified, with optimization determined by the highest K-shell output with the fastest rising, narrowest x-ray pulse. In this paper, the results of experiments performed to evaluate additional load configuration variations such as increased radial anode-cathode (RAK) gap, increases in wire number on nested arrays, and orientation of the nested arrays are presented. For stainless steel wire arrays (K-shell emission similar to 6.7 keV), increasing the wire number on the nested arrays resulted in increased K-shell yield and K-shell power. Increasing the RAK gap from 6 mm to 10 mm resulted in changes to both the soft x-ray emission and stainless steel K-shell emission. The orientation of the wires on the inner and outer arrays of copper (8.4 keV) wire arrays was not observed to impact the radiated output, although calculations suggest that the effect of wire orientation will be overwhelmed by magnetic field asymmetries induced by the wire location relative to the openings in the return current can. C1 [Coverdale, C. A.; Jones, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Deeney, C.] NNSA, DOE Headquarters, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [LePell, P. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.; Thornhill, J. W.; Davis, J.; Chong, Y. K.; Clark, R. W.; Apruzese, J. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Whitney, K. G.] Berkeley Scholars, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chittenden, J.] Imperial Coll, Blackett Labs, London, England. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cacover@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 643 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651923 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300145 ER PT B AU Huhman, BM Allen, RJ Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Schumer, JW Young, FC AF Huhman, B. M. Allen, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Mosher, D. Schumer, J. W. Young, F. C. GP IEEE TI A compact, 1-MV, 6-kA radiography source with a one meter extension and right-angle bend SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The Hybrid Radiation Source (HRS) is a compact pulsed power generator consisting of a commercial flash x-ray system that has been retrofitted with a custom front-end assembly, replacing a sealed glass tube(1). A new high impedance (similar to 120 Ohm) space-charge-limited (SCL) diode was fielded on the HRS. This diode produces a similar to 1.6 mm diameter x-ray spot suitable for high-resolution radiography(2). This system has been modified by extending the diode from the generator with a one-meter-long vacuum transmission line. Also, the anode has been oriented to point perpendicular to the transmission-line axis. The extension and re-direction allow for the placement of the high-yield, small-spot-size, FIRS radiographic source in previously unreachable locations. Parameters such as voltage, current, and source size have been measured and analyzed, allowing for optimization of the radiographic source. Discussion will also include circuit diagrams, simulation models, and diagnostic traces. C1 [Huhman, B. M.; Allen, R. J.; Cooperstein, G.; Mosher, D.; Schumer, J. W.; Young, F. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huhman, BM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 788 EP 793 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651958 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300180 ER PT B AU Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Hinshelwood, DD Allen, RJ AF Schumer, J. W. Ottinger, P. F. Hinshelwood, D. D. Allen, R. J. GP IEEE TI Modeling dynamic magnetically insulated transmission line flow in a transmission line code SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID ELECTRON FLOW AB A new fluid model including electron pressure is described for the electron flow layer in a magnetically insulated transmission line. Non-zero values of the electric field at the cathode are allowed so that the model can treat both emission and re-trapping of flow electrons. The model recovers previous results when the electric field at the cathode is taken to zero. The resulting generalized MITL flow equations are discussed and initial solutions are presented. C1 [Schumer, J. W.; Ottinger, P. F.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Allen, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 802 EP 806 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651961 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300183 ER PT B AU Jackson, SL Hinshelwood, DD Weber, BV Critchley, A McBarron, W Martin, P Threadgold, J Oliver, BV AF Jackson, S. L. Hinshelwood, D. D. Weber, B. V. Critchley, A. McBarron, W. Martin, P. Threadgold, J. Oliver, B. V. GP IEEE TI Electron density measurements on radiographic diodes SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID INTERFEROMETER AB A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was applied to radiographic diode studies conducted on the high-impedance Mercury pulsed-power generator. The interferometer was fielded in both quadrature and high-sensitivity arrangements to measure the density of the expanding electrode plasmas in a self-magnetic pinch diode. A phase shift corresponding to an electron density on the order of 10(15) cm(-3) was observed at several locations across the gap during the x-ray pulse, rising to a value of 5x10(15) cm(-3) at the time of impedance collapse. Measurements were also made of a plasma pre-fill with a chord-integrated density of 10(14) cm(-2) that was injected prior to several of the pulses and affected the diode impedance. The reported work represents significant progress in the effort to overcome the challenges associated with measuring the electron density of radiographic diodes. C1 [Jackson, S. L.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Weber, B. V.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6770,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Critchley, A.; McBarron, W.; Martin, P.; Threadgold, J.] A WE Aldermaston, Berkshire RG7 4PR, England. [Oliver, B. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jackson, SL (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6770,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Stuart.Jackson@nrl.navy.mil FU US Department of Energy, through Sandia National Laboratories; UK Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) FX Work supported in part by the US Department of Energy, through Sandia National Laboratories, and by the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE). The authors are indebted to members of the NRL Pulsed Power Physics Branch for their assistance in operating the Mercury pulsed power generator, and in particular would like to acknowledge the expert technical assistance of A. Miller of L3 Communications. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, through Sandia National Laboratories, and by the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 815 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651964 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300186 ER PT B AU Jaynes, R Albert, T Hegeler, F Sethian, JD AF Jaynes, R. Albert, T. Hegeler, F. Sethian, J. D. GP IEEE TI Scalloped hibachi and vacuum-pressure foil for electra: Electron beam pumped KrF laser SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; DRIVERS; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB We are developing a new type of "scalloped" hibachi structure to be deployed on Electra, a 700 Joule/pulse electron beam pumped KrF laser system, to improve the durability and efficiency of the pressure foil. In an e-beam pumped laser, an electron beam is generated in a high vacuum diode, and then passed through a pressure foil to pump the gain medium in the gas laser cell. Previous hibachi structures used flat "picture frame" topologies in which the foil is laid flat on the frame. The natural bulging of the foils under pressure introduces significant stress concentrations at the corners of the rib openings. In our new design, the hibachi frame is scalloped, so the foil between the ribs approximates a section of a cylindrical pressure vessel. This arrangement eliminates these stress concentrations and, because the stress can in principle be made purely cylindrical, lowers the overall stress as well. This allows use of a thinner foil to transport the e-beam more efficiently. C1 [Jaynes, R.; Albert, T.; Hegeler, F.; Sethian, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jaynes, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DOE/NNSA FX Work supported by DOE/NNSA NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 826 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651966 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300188 ER PT B AU Allen, R Ottinger, P Schumer, J AF Allen, Raymond Ottinger, Paul Schumer, Joseph GP IEEE TI Circuit smiulation of the MITL in an IVA with a non-ideal center conductor SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The present MITL center conductor of the Mercury IVA tapers down in diameter at each cell feed so as to have the ideal, uniformly increasing steps in impedance as the line voltage increases. This provides optimal power coupling to a self-limited load and ensures that electron flow will not be lost at the impedance transitions of the MITL, thereby retaining magnetic insulation. The output voltage of Mercury into a self-limited load can be increased by decreasing the diameter of the center conductor, increasing the MITL impedance. A simple, low-cost way to do this is to reuse some segments of the existing center conductor, even though they have non-ideal diameters in this new configuration, and add a few, smaller diameter components. However, impedance mismatches and current loss down the MITI, can reduce the output voltage in this non-ideal case. So, simulations were required to verify that the new MITI, would still be magnetically insulated and efficiently couple power to the load. A new MITL circuit element that has variable impedance and that can model current loss at non-ideal impedance transitions was used in a transmission-line circuit code to quickly evaluate possible combinations of new and existing center conductor elements. In two MITI, configurations tested, insulation (or the loss thereof) and power coupling predicted in the circuit code was verified by PIC simulations using LSP. C1 [Allen, Raymond; Ottinger, Paul; Schumer, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1095 EP 1101 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652379 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300247 ER PT B AU Hornstein, MK Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Gold, SH Kahn, M Imam, MA AF Hornstein, Melissa K. Bruce, Ralph W. Fliflet, Arne W. Gold, Steven H. Kahn, Manfred Imam, M. Ashraf GP IEEE TI Consolidation of polycrystalline yttria powder by millimeter-wave sintering for laser host applications SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID YAG CERAMICS AB We report recent results of an investigation of millimeter-wave processing of yttria (Y2O3) for fabrication of transparent, high strength polycrystalline ceramic laser hosts for High Energy Laser (HEL) applications. 1,2 The objective is to produce polycrystalline materials with optical quality comparable to that of a single crystal. It is difficult to produce yttria single crystals because of the phase transformation around 2000 degrees C and the high melting temperature which is over 2400 degrees C. While single crystals have high thermal conductivity and can operate at high powers, they are costly and limited in size and dopant concentration. Significant advantages of polycrystalline materials compared to single crystals, are lower processing temperature, higher gain as a result of higher dopant concentrations, faster and less expensive fabrication, and the possibility of larger devices. Millimeter-wave processing has been proposed as an alternative method to solve the problems of both conventional vacuum sintering and low frequency microwave sintering, such as low heating rates, poor coupling, and unfavorable thermal gradients. A major component of the NRL millimeter-wave processing facility is a 20-kW, continuous-wave (CW), 83-GHz gyrotron oscillator (GYCOM, Ltd.). Translucent yttria has been successfully sintered with millimeter-wave beams with up to 99% theoretical density. A partially transparent yttria ceramic sample has also been achieved using the millimeter-wave sintering process. Several factors impact the quality of the sintered material including the presence of agglomerates, impurities, processing atmosphere, sintering aids, and thermal gradients. Efforts to improve the transparency are in progress. C1 [Hornstein, Melissa K.; Bruce, Ralph W.; Fliflet, Arne W.; Gold, Steven H.; Kahn, Manfred] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Imam, M. Ashraf] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hornstein, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1219 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652406 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300274 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB AF Weber, B. V. Commisso, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Hinshelwood, D. D. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Stephanakis, S. J. Swanekamp, S. B. GP IEEE TI Reflex triode x-ray source research on gamble II SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB Reflex diode and triode x-ray sources are investigated on Gamble II (2 MV, 2 Omega, 100 ns) to understand the coupling of high-power (TW), MeV-electron beams to thin converters in order to optimize emission of sub-100-keV x-rays. Thin converters reduce self-absorption of low-energy x-rays, but the beam electrons must pass many times through the converter for efficient x-ray production. The triode configuration was found to be superior to diode configurations for this purpose. A large range of converter thicknesses were tested, from 2.5 mu m gold to 250-mu m tantalum. The highest dose was obtained from 25-mu m tantalum, although the spectrum became softer for thinner converters. Computer modeling is in very good agreement with the experimental data, and indicates that electron loss to large radius determines the optimum converter thickness. The coupling efficiency for thinner converters could be improved by decreasing the triode impedance, a motivation for developing similar diodes on higher-current generators. C1 [Weber, B. V.; Commisso, R. J.; Cooperstein, G.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Mosher, D.; Murphy, D. P.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Swanekamp, S. B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1417 EP 1422 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652453 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300321 ER PT B AU Hegeler, F Myers, MC Wofford, MF Sethian, JD Jaynes, R Burns, P Friedman, M Giuliani, JL Albert, T Parish, J AF Hegeler, F. Myers, M. C. Wofford, M. F. Sethian, J. D. Jaynes, R. Burns, P. Friedman, M. Giuliani, J. L. Albert, T. Parish, J. GP IEEE TI The Electra KRF laser system SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID FUSION ENERGY; BEAM; EMISSION AB This paper presents a brief overview of the Electra laser system and reports on the most recent results. The laser system consists of an electron beam pumped main amplifier with an aperture of 30x30 cm(2), an e-beam pumped 10x10 cm(2) pre-amplifier, and a KrF discharge laser serving as the seed oscillator. Full laser system shots have been completed with laser energies of 452 J. In addition, 25,000 continuous shots at 2.5 Hz from a single sided diode into laser gas have been achieved with the main amplifier operating as an oscillator. C1 [Hegeler, F.; Myers, M. C.; Wofford, M. F.; Sethian, J. D.; Jaynes, R.; Burns, P.; Friedman, M.; Giuliani, J. L.; Albert, T.; Parish, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1483 EP 1487 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652467 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300335 ER PT B AU Allen, R Neri, J AF Allen, Raymond Neri, Jesse GP IEEE TI A battery powered 200-kW rapid capacitor charger for a portable railgun in burst mode operation at 3 RPS SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB A portable power supply is being developed to rapidly charge the capacitor bank of a low velocity railgun system for countermeasure deployment from aircraft and watercraft. The goal is charge a 15-mF capacitor bank to 2.3 kV in 200 ins to allow countermeasure deployment in bursts of several rounds at a rate of 3 RPS (rounds per second). Due to possible use aboard aircraft, components where chosen to minimize weight and volume. For this reason, as well as for simplicity and to reduce cost, a series bank of special, high-current lead-acid batteries was chosen as the source of prime power. The 192-V voltage of the battery bank is boosted to 2 kV using a bridge converter comprised of four IGBT switches in an H-bridge configuration, a ferrite-core step-up transformer, and a full wave rectifier. C1 [Allen, Raymond; Neri, Jesse] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1500 EP 1504 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652471 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300339 ER PT B AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Hornstein, MK Kinkead, AK AF Gold, Steven H. Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa K. Kinkead, Allen K. GP IEEE TI Observation of mode competition in an 11.4-GHz magnicon amplifier SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB This paper describes the observation of pulse shortening in an 11.4-GHz magnicon amplifier due to competition with a parasitic gyrotron mode. The parasitic mode occurred only at high operating powers, when the beam transverse momentum was high, and its excitation caused the power in the output pulse to fall off substantially. We analyze the competition between the gyrotron and magnicon modes using a time-dependent multimode gyrotron simulation code that has been specially modified to model synchronous magnicon as well as nonsynchronous gyrotron interactions. C1 [Gold, Steven H.; Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa K.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kinkead, Allen K.] LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy; US Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful for the assistance of V. Yakovlev in carrying out electromagnetic simulations of the parasitic mode of the output cavity. This work was supported by the Office of High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy and by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1573 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652488 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300356 ER PT B AU Neri, JM Human, BM AF Neri, Jesse M. Human, Brett M. GP IEEE TI Operation of a 5-MJ capacitor bank for EML materials testing SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID RAILGUN AB The U.S. Navy is considering the development of an electromagnetic launcher (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions. The EML system will need to have fire rates of 6-12 rounds per minute and barrel lifetimes approaching 10,000 rounds. The Naval Research Laboratory has initiated a program to develop and test materials to achieve these fire rates and lifetimes. A facility is being assembled to allow testing of rail and armature materials at the high current density, pressure and sliding velocity of the Navy EML. The test system needs to operate over a large range of charging voltages and test configurations. The system also needs to deliver high reliability and reproducibility to accommodate the testing requirements. The capacitor bank design previously proposed has been fabricated and tested. The module stores 500 0 at 11 kV charge, using capacitors and fuses from General Atomics, ABB semiconductors and a custom 80 mu H inductor from Stangenes. A circuit model of the banks, using the no greater than values for internal resistance and inductance of the capacitors, predicted 100 kA output at 11kV charge. The real devices deliver 100 kA at 10.4 kV charge, with 5% bank reversal. Reinforcements were added to prevent deformation at the inductor tabs, and limit the motion of the conductor plates at high current A 5-MJ system has been fabricated and installed, using 10 of these modules, stacked in set of two, and another 5MJ of modules is in fabrication. All ten of the modules passed testing at 1 kV, and 4 random modules passed testing at 8 kV charge, with a 10 m load. 2 more, equivalent 500-0 modules are being constructed using other 11-kV capacitors. Results of the testing and comparison with the initial circuit models will be presented. Results from initial firings into dummy loads at the breech and low power EML launches will also be presented. C1 [Neri, Jesse M.; Human, Brett M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neri, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1736 EP 1739 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652527 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300395 ER PT B AU Huhman, BM Neri, JM AF Huhman, B. M. Neri, J. M. GP IEEE TI Design of a computer-based control system using labview for the nemesys electromagnetic launcher facility SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has assembled a facility to develop and test materials for the study of barrel lifetime in electromagnetic launchers (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions'. The pulsed power system utilizes 12 500-kJ modules that can be 2 individually triggered to shape the output current pulse. Each bank module consists of four 130 kJ/can 11-kV capacitors from General Atomics Electronics Systems. The switching thyristors and crowbar diodes are from ABB. A series inductor of approximately 80 pH is used to limit the peak current to 100 kA, isolate modules from each other, and ensure the current is delivered to the test system. LabVIEW from National Instruments (NI) was selected as the control software for the EML system. All facility operations are handled through LabVIEW and controlled by a single operator. The software controls the safety systems; programs and monitors the three CCS High Voltage Power Supplies from General Atomics Electronic Systems; and triggers the capacitor banks. Projectile position status inside the barrel is also monitored in 25-ns steps using the PXI-7811R FPGA module. An overview of the EML facility with respect to control issues is presented. In addition to the software code, circuit diagrams of conditioning hardware will also be discussed. Results from test shots will be shown and discussed. C1 [Huhman, B. M.; Neri, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huhman, BM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1745 EP 1752 DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652529 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300397 ER PT B AU Commisso, RJ Apruzese, JP Mosher, D Murphy, DP Weber, BV Banister, JW Failor, BH Levine, JS Qi, N Sze, HM Bixler, A Coleman, PL Jarema, A Knight, J Lee, S Krishnan, M Thompson, J Wilson, K AF Commisso, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Weber, B. V. Banister, J. W. Failor, B. H. Levine, J. S. Qi, N. Sze, H. M. Bixler, A. Coleman, P. L. Jarema, A. Knight, J. Lee, S. Krishnan, M. Thompson, J. Wilson, K. GP IEEE TI Energetics of a long-emplosion-time, 12-cm-diameter argon-gas-puff z pinch at 6.5 MA SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis ID K-SHELL RADIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; VELOCITY; DENSITY; PLASMAS; NOZZLE; NS AB We carry out an energy-inventory analysis for a 12-cm-diameter, argon gas-puff shot on the Saturn generator. From the measured pinch inductance time history, we infer the average radius of the pinch current, rind, and the total work done on the pinch, E-coupled, both as functions of time. The kinetic energy as a function of time, EKE, is inferred from r(ind) and the measured initial mass distribution, assuming all of the mass is accreted as in a snowplow. The results show that early in the implosion, Ecoupled approximate to E-KE. However, when the pinch begins to radiate significantly, EKE begins to decrease while E-coupled continues to increase. The increase in coupled energy goes into plasma internal energy, E-int, i.e., ionization and thermal energies of the z-pinch plasma, and total radiation, E-rad. During the time of K-shell emission, the significant (similar to 150-kJ) increase in E-coupled is reflected in approximately the same increase in E-rad. There is agreement between E-int at the time of peak K-shell emission inferred from E-coupled and measurements of E-rad, and E-int inferred from independent spectroscopic measurements combined with an atomic-physics model. C1 [Commisso, R. J.; Apruzese, J. P.; Mosher, D.; Murphy, D. P.; Weber, B. V.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Banister, J. W.; Failor, B. H.; Levine, J. S.; Qi, N.; Sze, H. M.] Pulse Sci Div, L 3 Commun, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Bixler, A.; Coleman, P. L.; Jarema, A.; Knight, J.; Lee, S.; Krishnan, M.; Thompson, J.; Wilson, K.] Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.commisso@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense treat Reduction Agency FX Work supported by the Defense treat Reduction Agency NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1773 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652535 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300403 ER PT B AU Engel, TG Neri, JM Veracka, MJ AF Engel, T. G. Neri, J. M. Veracka, M. J. GP IEEE TI Solid-projectile helical coil electromagnetic launcher SO 2007 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Secur Technologies, ICAR, Gen Atom Fus Energy Res, Ktech Corp, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tera Anal Ltd, Tech X, Ultravolt, Major Tool & Machine, Voss Sci, BAE Syst, Saft, Diversified Technologies Inc, ABB, Axsys Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Appl Technologies Pulse Sci, TSP, Pulse Power Solut, LLC, e2v, Barth Elect Inc, Novacap, Lambda, Powerex, Strangenes Ind Inc, SBE, HV Component Associates, Field Precis AB Helical coil electromagnetic launchers (HCEML's) can operate at significantly lower currents and higher efficiency in comparison to conventional railgun and induction coilgun launchers. The HCEML's versatility is due, in part, to its large inductance gradient which is typically 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than conventional railguns and can be tailored to practically any value in that range. The University of Missouri-Columbia (MU) has focused on the development of a low current, high efficiency launcher for low to medium velocity applications. To this end, MU has demonstrated a 40 mm bore x 750 mm length HCEML's to launch similar to 500 gram projectiles to 150 m/s operating at 12 to 15 kA peak currents, 400 to 800 V peak voltages, and measured efficiencies as high as 32%. While this particular HCEML used hollow-projectiles, present research efforts at MU are focused on the development of a solid-projectile HCEML. This investigation describes a 40 mm bore x 300 mm length solid-projectile HCEML. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the solid-projectile HCEML concept and to experimentally measure its performance. C1 [Engel, T. G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Veracka, M. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM engelt@missouri.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-03-1-0350]; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-02-C-2012] FX Work supported by US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract F49620-03-1-0350 and by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under contract N00173-02-C-2012. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0913-6 PY 2007 BP 1789 EP + DI 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652538 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BHJ74 UT WOS:000253619300406 ER PT B AU Sjoberg, E Squire, K Martell, C AF Sjoberg, Eric Squire, Kevin Martell, Craig GP IEEE TI Online parameter estimation of a robot's motion model SO 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, RSJ DE motion model; online parameter estimation; SLAM; DP-SLAM AB Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms rely heavily on a good motion model to provide critical information about the robot's current pose. Most of these algorithms assume that the distribution defining a robot's motion will remain stationary over the period of operation, and as such use a fixed model for the duration of a trial. This does not easily allow for changes in the robot's motion model due to surface changes, wear and tear, and battery life. Also, if new robots of a similar class are to be used, a new motion model may need to be constructed from scratch. In this paper, we introduce a method that allows the robot to automatically learn its motion model, given a rough estimate of its model or the model from a robot of similar class. We validate our method by demonstrating that it learns a new motion model when a robot crosses a threshold onto a different surface. We also demonstrate our method can estimate the motion model for a new robot given the motion model of a robot of similar class. C1 [Sjoberg, Eric; Squire, Kevin; Martell, Craig] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sjoberg, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ejsjober@nps.edu; kmsquire@nps.edu; cmartell@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0912-9 PY 2007 BP 741 EP 746 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHL44 UT WOS:000254073200116 ER PT B AU Keegan, CM Bishop, BE AF Keegan, Christopher M. Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI AquaMonkey: A novel multi-mode robotic vehicle SO 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, RSJ AB This video presents results from an undergraduate research project involving the design and analysis of a lightweight multimode vehicle capable of driving on solid ground, swimming on the surface of the water, climbing up magnetic surfaces and easily transitioning between the three. Locomotion in and out of the water is provided by buoyant paddlewheels on each side of the vehicle. The climbing capability is achieved by the use of strip magnets mounted to each wheel. The physical design of the robot provides efficiency in and out of the water while considering a necessity for stealth, compactness, and minimal weight. This project has been designed with the expectation of adding autonomy to the vehicle. C1 [Keegan, Christopher M.; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Keegan, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0912-9 PY 2007 BP 2563 EP 2564 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHL44 UT WOS:000254073201186 ER PT B AU Beh, J Lee, T Ahn, S Kim, H Han, DK Ko, H AF Beh, Jounghoon Lee, Taekjin Ahn, Sungjoo Kim, Hyunsoo Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI Enabling directional human-robot speech interface via adaptive beamforming and spatial noise reduction SO 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, RSJ ID ENHANCEMENT AB This paper introduces a home robot application of multi-channel based spatial noise reduction for creating human-robot speech interfaces. A microphone array is employed first to create a speech-only directional conduit, which is realized through adaptive beamforming. Through the directional conduit, the intended speech signal from the desired direction is processed for detection and recognition, while unintended speech-like-sources or undesirable noise from other angles is suppressed. If speech signal is absent among the incoming signals through the conduit, further attenuation of undesirable signals is achieved by using a spatial noise reduction filter. Experimental validation of the technique was conducted using a computer simulation and also an online Samsung AnyBot test. Although the environments exhibited highly non-stationary noise, the method achieved an average speech recognition rate of 87.4% in the case of the computer simulation and 81.6% for the online Samsung AnyBot test. From the cases tested so far, the proposed implementation seems to be effective for practical robot applications in highly non-stationary noise environment. C1 [Beh, Jounghoon; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Taekjin; Ahn, Sungjoo] Korea Univ, Coll Informat & Commun, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Hyunsoo] Samsung Elect Co Ltd, Telecommun R&D Ctr, Suwon, South Korea. [Han, David K.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Beh, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM jhbeh@ispl.korea.ac.kr; hyunsoo72.kim@samsung.com; han@usna.edu; hsko@koreaac.kr NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0912-9 PY 2007 BP 3460 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHL44 UT WOS:000254073202092 ER PT S AU Ebert, V Fleming, JW AF Ebert, Volker Fleming, James W. GP IEEE TI Optical oxygen sensors using tunable diode laser spectroscopy: Application to harsh reactive processes SO 2007 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Sensors Council ID IN-SITU DETECTION; FIRED POWER-PLANT; LIQUID WATER; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; CO C1 [Ebert, Volker] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys Chem, INF 229, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fleming, James W.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ebert, V (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys Chem, INF 229, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Volker.Ebert@pci.uni-heidelberg.de; James.Fleming@nrl.navy.mil RI Ebert, Volker/E-7671-2011 OI Ebert, Volker/0000-0002-1394-3097 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-1261-7 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2007 BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2007.4388474 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHN71 UT WOS:000254563600156 ER PT B AU Hohman, EL Marchette, DJ AF Hohman, Elizabeth Leeds Marchette, David J. GP IEEE TI A dynamic graph model for analyzing streaming news documents SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA MINING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB In this paper we consider the problem of analyzing streaming documents, in particular streaming news stories. The system is designed to extract statistics from the document, incorporate these into a graph-based model, and discard the document to reduce storage requirements. The model is defined in terms of a changing lexicon and sub-lexicons at each node in the graph, with the nodes of the graph representing topics. An approximation to the TFIDF term weighting is introduced. We illustrate the methodology on a dataset of news articles, and discuss the dynamic nature of the model. C1 [Hohman, Elizabeth Leeds; Marchette, David J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hohman, EL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM elizabeth.hohman@navy.mil; david.marchette@navy.mil OI Hohman, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4068-4852 FU Office of Naval Research through the In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0705-7 PY 2007 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1109/CIDM.2007.368911 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGO89 UT WOS:000249119800068 ER PT B AU Darken, CJ Anderegg, BG McDowell, PL AF Darken, Christian J. Anderegg, Bradley G. McDowell, Perry L. GP IEEE TI Game AI in Delta3D SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND GAMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE artificial intelligence; game engines AB Delta3D is a GNU-licensed open source game engine with an orientation towards supporting "serious games" such as those with defense and homeland security applications. AT is an important issue for serious games, since there is more pressure to "get the AT right", as opposed to providing an entertaining user experience. We describe several of our near and longer-term AT projects oriented towards making it easier to build AI-enhanced applications in Delta3D. C1 [Darken, Christian J.; McDowell, Perry L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, CS Dept, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [Anderegg, Bradley G.] Alion Sci & Technol Corp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Darken, CJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, CS Dept, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. EM cjdarken@nps.edu; banderegg@alionscience.com; mcdowell@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0709-5 PY 2007 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.1109/CIG.2007.368114 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BGM69 UT WOS:000248515200043 ER PT B AU DeLooze, LL Downey, J AF DeLooze, Lori L. Downey, James GP IEEE TI Bridge bidding with imperfect information SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND GAMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE bridge; self-organizing map; kohonen; bidding AB Multiplayer games with imperfect information, such as Bridge, are especially challenging for game theory researchers. Although several algorithmic techniques have been successfully applied to the card play phase of the game, bidding requires a much different approach. We have shown that a special form of a neural network, called a self-organizing map (SOM), can be used to effectively bid no trump hands. The characteristic boundary that forms between resulting neighboring nodes in a SOM is an ideal mechanism for modeling the imprecise and ambiguous nature of the game. C1 [DeLooze, Lori L.] USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Downey, James] Univ Cent Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035 USA. RP DeLooze, LL (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM delooze@usna.edu; downey@uca.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0709-5 PY 2007 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1109/CIG.2007.368122 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BGM69 UT WOS:000248515200051 ER PT B AU Dobrokhodov, VN Statnikov, RB AF Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N. Statnikov, Roman B. GP IEEE TI Multi-criteria identification of a controllable descending system SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium of Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision Making CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB This paper introduces an effective computational environment for multi-objective decision-making, optimization and identification. The paper adopts multi-objective vector identification methodology and performance assessment provided by the Parameter Space Investigation method (PSI). The main feature of this methodology is in the fact that various design objectives are taken into consideration in their natural form without reducing dimensionality of the problem and therefore without distorting its nature. Therefore, there is no need for artificial convolution and weighting of multiple criteria. Moreover, the design alternatives are assessed explicitly versus multiple given requirements. The main practical purpose of this work is of twofold. First, we introduce an optimization framework and technique that allows to determine feasible and Pareto sets of the numerous uncertainties inherent for real-world engineering systems. This framework tightly couples principal advantages of MatLab/Simulink simulation engine with the unique properties of the multi-objective PSI method. Second, we show key benefits of the MatLab/PSI bundle on the example of identification of the principal aerodynamic characteristics and apparent masses of the controllable circular parachute. C1 [Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Statnikov, Roman B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dobrokhodov, VN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0702-6 PY 2007 BP 212 EP + DI 10.1109/MCDM.2007.369439 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGM53 UT WOS:000248485300032 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Anil, KA Bordetsky, A Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Anil, Kivanc Ali Bordetsky, Alex Statnikov, Alexander GP IEEE TI Visualization tools for multicriteria analysis of the prototype improvement problem SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium of Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision Making CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB One of the basic engineering optimization problems is the problem of improving a prototype. This problem is constantly encountered by industrial and academic organizations that produce and design various objects (e.g., motor vehicles, machine tools, ships, and aircraft). This paper presents an approach for improving a prototype by construction of the feasible and Pareto sets while performing multicriteria analysis. We introduce visualization methods that facilitate constructing the feasible and Pareto sets. Using these techniques, an expert can correctly state and solve the problem under consideration in a series of dialogs with the computer. Finally, we present a case study of applying these methods to a problem of improving a prototype of the ship. C1 [Statnikov, Roman; Bordetsky, Alex] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Mech Engn Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Anil, Kivanc Ali] Istanbul Tech Univ, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Fac, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Statnikov, Alexander] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0702-6 PY 2007 BP 341 EP + DI 10.1109/MCDM.2007.369111 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGM53 UT WOS:000248485300053 ER PT S AU Huffmire, T Brotherton, B Wang, G Sherwood, T Kastner, R Levin, T Nguyen, T Irvine, C AF Huffmire, Ted Brotherton, Brett Wang, Gang Sherwood, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Levin, Timothy Nguyen, Thuy Irvine, Cynthia GP IEEE Computer Society TI Moats and drawbridges: An isolation primitive for reconfigurable hardware based systems SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P 2007) CY MAY 20-23, 2007 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSP ID COMPUTING MACHINES AB Blurring the line between software and hardware, reconfigurable devices strike a balance between the raw high speed of custom silicon and the post-fabrication flexibility of general-purpose processors. While this flexibility is a boon for embedded system developers, who can now rapidly prototype and deploy solutions with performance approaching custom designs, this results in a system development methodology where functionality is stitched together from a variety, of "soft IP cores," often provided by multiple vendors with different levels of trust. Unlike traditional software where resources are managed by an operating system, soft IP cores necessarily have very fine grain control over the underlying hardware. To address this problem, the embedded systems community requires novel security primitives which address the realities of modern reconfigurable hardware. We propose an isolation primitive, moats and drawbridges, that are built around four design properties: logical isolation, interconnect traceability, secure reconfigurable broadcast, and configuration scrubbing. Each of these is a fundamental operation with easily understood formal properties, yet maps cleanly and efficiently to a wide variety of reconfigurable devices. We carefully quantify the required overheads on real FPGAs and demonstrate the utility of our methods by applying them to the practical problem of memory protection. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brotherton, Brett; Wang, Gang; Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Levin, Timothy; Nguyen, Thuy; Irvine, Cynthia] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM huffmire@cs.ucsb.edu; sherwood@cs.ucsb.edu RI 张, 红/F-9916-2011 FU National Science Foundation Grant [CNS-0524771]; NSF Career Grant [CCF-0448654]; SMART Defense Scholarship for Service FX This research was funded in part by National Science Foundation Grant CNS-0524771, NSF Career Grant CCF-0448654, and the SMART Defense Scholarship for Service. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1081-6011 BN 978-0-7695-2848-9 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 2007 BP 281 EP + DI 10.1109/SP.2007.28 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BGH71 UT WOS:000247031500024 ER PT S AU Kompella, S Mao, S Hou, YT Sherali, HD AF Kompella, Sastry Mao, Shiwen Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. GP IEEE TI Optimal multipath routing for performance guarantees in multi-hop wireless networks SO 2007 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2007 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID PATHS AB In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal multipath routing for providing application performance guarantees in multi-hop wireless networks, using multiple description video streaming as our target application. We address this problem, which is shown to be NP-hard, with a novel Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) and branch-and-bound-based approach, and develop an algorithm that produces a pair of paths within the (I-epsilon) range of the global optimum. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and this (1-epsilon)-optimal algorithm provides an elegant tradeoff between optimality and computational complexity. C1 [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mao, Shiwen] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-03-1-0521, N00014-05-1-0179]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-9987586, CNS-0347390, DMI-0552676] FX This research has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grants N00014-03-1-0521 and N00014-05-1-0179, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants DGE-9987586, CNS-0347390 and DMI-0552676. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-0658-6 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2007 BP 3987 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHD48 UT WOS:000252337108006 ER PT B AU Abramson, M Mittu, R Berger, J AF Abramson, Myriam Mittu, Ranjeev Berger, Jean GP IEEE TI Coordination challenges and issues in stability, security, transition and reconstruction (SSTR) and cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2007 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB SSTR operations are becoming a priority for the Department of Defense (DoD) and are being given the same stature as the more traditional combat operations. The near-term goal of SSTR is to provide the local populace with security, restore essential services, and meet humanitarian needs, while in the longer term ensure a stable infrastructure. Large scale disasters are an example where SSTR operations can provide value. In such scenarios, local governments and non-governmental institutions are under great stress in order to respond in a timely manner to provide basic relief to the affected communities, and there may be outburst of aid from the local groups. All of this can lead to a less than desirable outcome if poorly coordinated! The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to support Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) is becoming increasingly important. These assets can enable the collection of needed information for the execution of a given set of tasks. In large scale operations, however, the ability for the UAVs to self-coordinate may be needed as it will be difficult for human operators to effectively control large teams of UAVs. This paper will begin by introducing some of the key aspects of multiagent coordination, with a focus on the operational challenges with regard to SSTR such as disaster management response as well as UAV coordination. We will then discuss the coordination challenges and gaps in order to motivate an adaptive, multiagent based approach to coordination as well as additional opportunities for research. We will conclude with a brief summary. C1 [Abramson, Myriam; Mittu, Ranjeev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Berger, Jean] Defense Res Dev Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Abramson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Mvriam.Abramson@nrl.naw.mil; Ranjeev.Mittu@nrl.navy.mil; Jean.Bereer@drdc-rddc.gc.ca NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0944-0 PY 2007 BP 428 EP + DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2007.369848 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ02 UT WOS:000247372800074 ER PT B AU Kanyogoro, E Peckerar, M Hughes, H Liu, M AF Kanyogoro, Esau Peckerar, Martin Hughes, Harold Liu, Mike GP IEEE TI High resistivity material for mitigating linear energy transfer sensitivities in highly scaled Cmos Sram cells SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD ID GAAS; SI C1 [Kanyogoro, Esau; Peckerar, Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kanyogoro, Esau; Hughes, Harold] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Mike] Honeywell Aerosp, Plymouth, Devon 74444, England. RP Kanyogoro, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kanyogor@eng.umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100034 ER PT B AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, Clifford M. GP IEEE TI Development of solid state left-handed materials using intrinsic quantum states SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100067 ER PT B AU Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Caldwell, JD Mastro, MA Feygelson, TI Butler, JE Alexson, DA Kub, FJ AF Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Caldwell, Joshua D. Mastro, Michael A. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Butler, James E. Alexson, Dimitri A. Kub, Fritz J. GP IEEE TI Investigation of nanocrystalline diamond films as UV transparent Ohmic contacts to GaN SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hobart, Karl D.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Mastro, Michael A.; Butler, James E.; Alexson, Dimitri A.; Kub, Fritz J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, Tatyana I.] SAIC, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mtadjer@und.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 318 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100163 ER PT B AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Glembocki, OJ Hobart, KD Imhoff, EA Tadjer, MJ Liu, KX AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Stahlbush, Robert E. Glembocki, Orest J. Hobart, Karl D. Imhoff, Eugene A. Tadjer, Marko J. Liu, Kendrick X. GP IEEE TI Influence of Shockley stacking fault propagation and contraction on electrical behavior of 4H-SiC pin diodes and DMOSFETs SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD ID DEGRADATION C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Imhoff, Eugene A.; Liu, Kendrick X.] Naval Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tadjer, Marko J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Joshua.caldlvell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 411 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100210 ER PT B AU Thompson, PE Jernigan, GG Park, SY Yu, R Anisha, R Berger, PR Pawlik, D Krom, R Rommel, SL AF Thompson, Phillip E. Jernigan, Glenn G. Park, Si-Young Yu, Ronghua Anisha, R. Berger, Paul R. Pawlik, David Krom, Raymond Rommel, Sean L. GP IEEE TI Simplified Si resonant interband tunnel diodes SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Thompson, Phillip E.; Jernigan, Glenn G.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Park, Si-Young; Anisha, R.; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yu, Ronghua; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pawlik, David; Krom, Raymond; Rommel, Sean L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Microelect Engn Dept, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phillip.thompson@nrl.navy.mil RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 466 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100239 ER PT B AU Krom, R Pawlik, DJ Muhkerjee, S Pandharpure, S Kurinec, SK Park, SY Yu, R Anisha, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE Rommel, SL AF Krom, R. Pawlik, D. J. Muhkerjee, S. Pandharpure, S. Kurinec, S. K. Park, S-Y. Yu, R. Anisha, R. Berger, P. R. Thompson, P. E. Rommel, S. L. GP IEEE TI Anneal time study of Si resonant interband tunnel diodes grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD ID SURFACE SEGREGATION; DIFFUSION; SI(100) C1 [Krom, R.; Pawlik, D. J.; Muhkerjee, S.; Pandharpure, S.; Kurinec, S. K.; Rommel, S. L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, 82 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Park, S-Y.; Anisha, R.; Berger, P. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yu, R.; Berger, P. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thompson, P. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krom, R (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, 82 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM rtk5187@rit.edu RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 468 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100240 ER PT B AU Picard, YN Caldwell, JD Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Mastro, MA Henry, RL Holm, RT Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Picard, Yoosuf N. Caldwell, Joshua D. Twigg, Mark E. Eddy, Chip R., Jr. Mastro, Michael A. Henry, Richard L. Holm, Ronald T. Neudeck, Philip G. Trunek, Andrew J. Powell, J. Anthony GP IEEE TI The influence of substrate atomic step morphology on threading dislocation distributions in III-nitride films SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Twigg, Mark E.; Eddy, Chip R., Jr.; Mastro, Michael A.; Henry, Richard L.; Holm, Ronald T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neudeck, Philip G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Trunek, Andrew J.] OAI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Powell, J. Anthony] Sest Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100277 ER PT B AU VanMil, BL Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Holm, RT Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR AF VanMil, Brenda L. Lew, Kok-Keong Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Holm, Ronald T. Gaskill, D. Kurt Eddy, Charles R., Jr. GP IEEE TI Etch rates for Si-face 4H-SiC using H-2 and a C3H8 partial pressure SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [VanMil, Brenda L.; Lew, Kok-Keong; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Holm, Ronald T.; Gaskill, D. Kurt; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP VanMil, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 539 EP 540 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100278 ER PT B AU Myers-Ward, RL Lew, KK VanMil, BL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Wood, CE AF Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Lew, Kok-Keong VanMil, Brenda L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Wood, Colin E. GP IEEE TI H2 etching and epitaxial growth on 4H-SiC boule domes SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Lew, Kok-Keong; VanMil, Brenda L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Sect, Code 6882, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wood, Colin E.] Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Washington, DC USA. RP Myers-Ward, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Sect, Code 6882, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rward@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 541 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100279 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Latrabee, DC Nolde, JA Vurgaftman, L Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Latrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Vurgaftman, L. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI High-temperature CW mid-infrared interband cascade lasers SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Latrabee, D. C.; Nolde, J. A.; Vurgaftman, L.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 624 EP 625 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100322 ER PT B AU Batson, MS McEachen, JC Tummala, M AF Batson, Mickey S. McEachen, John C. Tummala, Murali GP IEEE TI Fast localization of radio frequency emitters using wireless sensor networks SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Communication and Information Technology CY OCT 17-19, 2007 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB We investigate the use of a wireless sensor network for identifying the direction of a radio frequency (RF) transmission. Specifically, we consider the combined use of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and beamforming techniques to steer a beam in the desired direction and enhance radio frequency (RF) direction finding and follow on signal reception. The TDOA lines-of-bearing are calculated using a combination of the Cross-Ambiguity Function to calculate the actual time difference and the Newton-Raphson technique to focus the beamforming efforts. A Least Mean Squares (LMS) adaptive beamforming algorithm is then used to localize the target for further prosecution. Simulations indicate considerable improvement can be achieved using this combined method. C1 [Batson, Mickey S.; McEachen, John C.; Tummala, Murali] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Batson, MS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0976-1 PY 2007 BP 893 EP 898 DI 10.1109/ISCIT.2007.4392142 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHJ93 UT WOS:000253671800169 ER PT B AU Williams, KJ Tulchinsky, DA Campbell, JC AF Williams, Keith J. Tulchinsky, David A. Campbell, Joe C. GP IEEE TI High-power photodiodes SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Off Naval Res, Sci Technol, MTTS, Inst Eng Technol, Info & Comm Eng ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; PARTIALLY DEPLETED ABSORBER; I-N PHOTODETECTORS; HIGH-SPEED; OUTPUT-POWER; BANDWIDTH; GHZ; EFFICIENCY AB Here we discuss recent advances in the design and implementation of high power photodetectors. C1 [Williams, Keith J.; Tulchinsky, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA FX This work supported by DARPA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1167-2 PY 2007 BP 9 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BHG77 UT WOS:000253028100003 ER PT B AU Devgan, PS Urick, VJ McKinney, JD Williams, KJ AF Devgan, Preetpaul S. Urick, Vincent J. McKinney, Jason D. Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI A low-jitter master-slave optoelectronic oscillator employing all-photonic gain SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Optic Soc, Off Naval Res, Sci Technol, MTTS, Inst Eng Technol, Info & Comm Eng ID LOW PHASE NOISE; OPTICAL PULSES; PERFORMANCE; MODULATOR; LINKS AB We have designed and built a self-starting masterslave optoelectronic oscillator without any electronic amplifiers. The optoelectronic oscillator consists of a slave oscillator with 50m of fiber that is injection-locked by a master oscillator with 2km of fiber. Both optoelectronic oscillators use the carrier-suppression technique of low-biased Mach-Zehnder modulators to achieve the necessary RF gain for oscillation to occur. The measured RF gain due to this all-photonic technique is as high as 11.5 dB. The timing jitter of the generated 1 GHz signal is 203 fs from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. This is the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a low-jitter master-slave optoelectronic oscillator without the need for electronic RF amplifiers in the cavity. C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Urick, Vincent J.; McKinney, Jason D.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Devgan, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1167-2 PY 2007 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BHG77 UT WOS:000253028100019 ER PT B AU Weiner, AM McKinney, JD Peroulis, D AF Weiner, Andrew M. McKinney, Jason D. Peroulis, Dimitrios GP IEEE TI Photonically-synthesized waveforms to combat broadband antenna phase distortions SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Off Naval Res, Sci Technol, MTTS, Inst Eng Technol, Info & Comm Eng AB We review our work in photonically enabled arbitrary electromagnetic waveform generation. Here, we emphasize a technique based on Fourier transform optical pulse shaping that enables user-defined radio-frequency waveforms with frequency content spanning the similar to 1-11 GHz range. We highlight the capabilities of this technique by demonstrating our apparatus may be used to combat waveform distortions arising from the nonuniform phase response of broadband antennas. In this work, we demonstrate compression (dispersion compensation) of waveforms with up to 10 GHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 6 GHz. C1 [Weiner, Andrew M.; Peroulis, Dimitrios] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [McKinney, Jason D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiner, AM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM amw@purdue.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1167-2 PY 2007 BP 82 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BHG77 UT WOS:000253028100022 ER PT B AU Shackelford, AK de Graaf, J Talapatra, S Gerlach, K Blunt, SD AF Shackelford, Aaron K. de Graaf, Jean Talapatra, Sukomal Gerlach, Karl Blunt, Shannon D. GP IEEE TI Shared-spectrum multistatic radar: Preliminary experimental results SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY & DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE AB In this paper we present preliminary experimental results demonstrating the ability of the Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm to suppress the mutual-interference generated by shared-spectrum radar signals, thus enabling shared-spectrum radar. The MAPC algorithm, a waveform diversity technique wherein multiple known transmitted waveforms are adaptively pulse compressed using Reiterative Minimum Mean-Square Error (RMMSE) estimation, has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum. In this paper, we present initial experimental results from the Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC) test bed that demonstrate the ability of MAPC to mitigate both the mutual interference from multiple radars and pulse compression range sidelobes when applied to measured data. C1 [Shackelford, Aaron K.; de Graaf, Jean; Talapatra, Sukomal; Gerlach, Karl] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Shackelford, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [ONR 31] FX This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR 31). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1275-4 PY 2007 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339458 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHG48 UT WOS:000252960900091 ER PT B AU Melinger, JS Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. GP IEEE TI High resolution THz spectroscopy of organic and bio-organic molecules SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS ID VIBRATIONAL-MODES AB A vibrational line narrowing effect is observed for organic and bio-organic polycrystalline thin films cast onto the surface of a parallel metal plate waveguide and results in a more informative THz absorption spectrum when compared to conventional THz spectroscopy. C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laman, N.; Harsha, S. Sree; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; grischd@ceat.okstate.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 395 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900176 ER PT B AU Esenturk, O Melinger, JS Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, Okan Melinger, Joseph S. Heilweil, Edwin J. GP IEEE TI Photoconductivity of organic semiconductor polymers studied by time-resolved THz-TDS SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE conductivity; dynamics; relative mobility; organic semiconductors; THz or terahertz AB This study employs optical-pump terahertz-probe time-domain spectroscopy to measure relative carrier mobilities of semiconductor organic polymer films of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thienop[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) polymers and these results directly correlate to recently reported electrical device mobility measurements.. An approximately four-fold increase in mobility of P3HT is observed with molecular weight increase from c.a. 18 kD to 150 kD where the intrinsic film mobility saturates for molecular weight > 70 kD. The decay dynamics studies of these polymers showed almost no dependence on the molecular weight of the polymer. The studies also showed an order of magnitude increase in mobility between as cast P3HT films and annealed PBTTT films supporting a strong conjugation length effect. We also measured the mobility dependence on the film quality that is affected by regularity of the polymer, dispersing solvent, electron acceptor traps, and other film growth related parameters relevant to device manufacturing. C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esenturk, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM okane@umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 655 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900296 ER PT B AU Champlain, JG Magno, R Park, D Newman, HS Boos, JB AF Champlain, James G. Magno, Richard Park, Doewon Newman, Harvey S. Boos, J. Brad GP IEEE TI 6.2 angstrom Sb-based pN diodes for high frequency applications SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE diodes; heterojunction bipolar transistors; high-speed electronics; p-n heterojunctions ID ELECTRONIC DEVICES AB Sb-based heterojunction bipolar transistors on semi-insulating GaAs at a = 6.2 angstrom consisting of narrow bandgap, p-type In0.27Ga0.73Sb and wide bandgap, n-type In0.69Al0.31As0.41Sb0.59 are demonstrated for the first time. The transistors exhibit excellent current-voltage characteristics. The individual diodes show good forward and reverse operation with saturation current densities and idealitics for both the base-emitter and base-collector junctions of 7 mA/cm(2) and 1.3 and 14 mA/cm(2) and 1.25, respectively, and a reverse leakage current below 3 A/cm(2) (up to -3 V) for the base-collector junction. Additionally, the transistors display common-emitter current gains up to 20 with common-emitter breakdown voltages of approximately 3 V. C1 [Champlain, James G.; Magno, Richard; Park, Doewon; Newman, Harvey S.; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champlain, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 837 EP 838 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900384 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Papoulias, FA AF Yakimenko, O. A. Papoulias, F. A. GP IEEE TI On the development of the interactive web-based courses on classical and modern control SO 2007 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL & AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 27-29, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP ADVANTECH SA, Univ Texas Arlington, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Tech Univ Crete, Univ S Florida, Univ Zagreb, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Mediterranean Control Assoc AB The paper discusses the enhancement of the existing courses within the Intelligent Control track at NPS with the interactive media elements. Because of the need of shortening the stay of NPS students, on-duty officers, on campus there is a requirement to convert these courses into the distance learning format to form the certified programs to be taken prior or after their time on campus. The paper discusses six courses converted into on-line format so far, shows their standardized web layout, provides examples of different interactive media elements and ends with students' feedback. C1 [Yakimenko, O. A.; Papoulias, F. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1281-5 PY 2007 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Industrial SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW82 UT WOS:000257100800065 ER PT S AU Costa, R Wettergren, TA AF Costa, Russell Wettergren, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI Assessing design tradeoffs in deploying undersea distributed sensor networks SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB In this paper we explore design issues in the deployment of distributed sensor networks (DSNs). In particular, the search performance of a notional surveillance network, and its dependence on sensor placement (for a fixed number of sensors) is studied. We describe a search objective for systems of sensors that utilize spatio-temporal techniques to combine individual sensor detections (which are spatially consistent with expected target behavior) in order to determine target existence in the field (track coverage). We utilize this objective in a genetic algorithm to optimize the search coverage as a function of the sensor density within a fixed search region. Target dynamics are treated as parameters with associated probability distributions, and enter the search objective as random parameters. We present several examples of optimal placement given target dynamics and sensor characteristics. C1 [Costa, Russell; Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Costa, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM costar@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 118 EP 122 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300015 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Acoustic Dopplergram for intruder defense SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB In this paper, the concept of acoustic Dopplergram is introduced for active detection and tracking of an underwater vehicle from fixed platforms. Past experimental data collected at sea are used to illustrate the Dopplergram and determine the Doppler resolution as well as range resolution in target tracking. As an application, the Dopplergram. will be used to detect a fast moving underwater intruder in a harbor environment for ship protection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300029 ER PT S AU Doran, SL Fredricks, AJ AF Doran, Sheri L. Fredricks, Andrew J. GP IEEE TI High frequency acoustic propagation using level set methods SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID GEOMETRIC OPTICS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; FRAMEWORK AB This paper describes a new approach to numerical solution of the high frequency approximation to the wave equation. Traditional solutions to the Eikonal equation in high frequency acoustics are obtained via ray tracing. In ray tracing, the numerical grid on which solutions are computed becomes distorted over time as rays diverge from the initial wavefront, reducing the accuracy of the solution. The level set method is a fixed grid method, whereby the user controls the underlying grid, and hence the accuracy, of the solution. C1 [Doran, Sheri L.; Fredricks, Andrew J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code Undersea Syst Simulat & Anal Branch 8133, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Doran, SL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code Undersea Syst Simulat & Anal Branch 8133, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300051 ER PT S AU Kone, Z Rowe, EG Wettergren, TA AF Kone, Zie Rowe, Errol G. Wettergren, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI Sensor repositioning to improve undersea sensor field coverage SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID NETWORKS AB The growing demand for persistent underwater surveillance has led to a need to increase reliance on undersea distributed sensor networks for undersea target detection, classification and tracking. While tremendous progress has been made in the technology of small, relatively inexpensive sensors over the last decade, progress has lagged in the areas of sensor allocation and sensor management. How best to deploy and reposition sensors and small, unmanned vehicles (movable sensors) are important research questions that must be addressed to realize the intended use of these technologies. Realistic tactical sensor deployment scenarios do not provide the opportunity for a precise placement of sensors. Most likely, initial deployment will be somewhat random (e.g., deployment of sensors from a moving vessel). Additionally, sensors might have to be repositioned due to random sensor failure, degradation, drift due to ocean current or other environmental effects. While it is possible, through the use of geometric probability, to estimate of the coverage of randomly distributed sensor fields, optimum field coverage can only be obtained through the use of deterministic sensor positioning procedures. However, the initial randomly distributed sensor field can be used as a starting point for the optimal sensor placement The same can be said for networks in which sensors have drifted out of position, experienced failures, or have (through random movement or collision) aggregated into clumps. Sensor redeployment might also be necessary due to changes in mission objectives. For example, improved intelligence might necessitate the need to reconfigure the network in order to detect the target of interest. This paper addresses various issues relating to repositioning of sensors in order to improve the coverage of the distributed sensor network. In addition to more traditional assignment algorithms, which minimize the total (equivalently, average) cost for moving all sensors, we consider various cost-based assignment techniques that aim to minimize maximal displacement We argue that for some scenarios, especially small to moderate networks of sensors with limited fuel supply, the minimization of the maximal displacement is preferable to the solution of the more traditional assignment algorithm. The latter often produces results with relatively large costs for at least some of its assignments. This leads to diminished effectiveness over time for the sensor field. Since fuel supply is limited for these unmanned vehicles, we consider assignment procedures that will not deplete the vehicles' resources during the maneuvering phase. Finally, we compare the performance of several algorithms used to minimize the maximal cost associated with repositioning a field of movable sensors. C1 [Kone, Zie; Rowe, Errol G.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kone, Z (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM KoneZ@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil; roweeg@member.ams.org; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300057 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Laux, A AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan GP IEEE TI Phase coherent digital communications for wireless optical links in turbid underwater environments SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Previous studies by the authors have included a theoretical and experimental investigation of the spatial distribution of an optical signal used for communications in underwater scattering environments. Presented here is an experimental study of how scattering affects the temporally encoded information bearing component of the optical signal. Short range underwater optical links employing BPSK, QPSK, 8-PK 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation are implemented in a laboratory setting, yielding data rates up to 5Mb/s. The effect of link quality is examined versus water turbidity. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20634 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20634 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300058 ER PT S AU Sarma, A AF Sarma, Ashwin GP IEEE TI Detecting class-independent linear relationships within an arbitrary set of features SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Classifiers for surveillance sonar systems are often designed to operate on large sets of predefined clues, or features. Sometimes the mathematical definitions for these features are poorly known. Other times the designer is not aware that a fixed and class-independent linear (or affine) relationship exists between subsets of features. We discuss a method based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization which allows the classifier designer to determine whether subsets of features have such relationships. Certain features can then be shown unnecessary by application of Wozencraft and Jacobs' "Theorem of Irrelevance". An approach is also described to rank features to aid in the selection of an effective subset. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 514 EP 517 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300072 ER PT S AU Sarma, A AF Sarma, Ashwin GP IEEE TI Maximum likelihood estimates and Cramer-Rao bounds for map-matching based self-localization SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB We describe a method to determine (x, y, z) position of a platform located in a region where a reference bathymetry map is available. The platform can be considered an Autonomous Undersea Vehicle (AUV) equipped with a multi-beam high frequency sonar. Estimates of the heading, pitch and roll are available through the onboard inertial navigation systems (INS). An estimate of the AUV depth from the ocean surface, altitude from a Doppler Velocity Logger (DVL) as well as the sound speed at the AUV depth are also available. The position (x, y, z) is determined based on these estimates as well as time delay estimates from the beam time series. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) is derived and connections between previous approaches are made. Theoretically based performance predictions are compared against MLE performance in real data. The new estimator is directly linked with the relief (or information) of the map and therefore allows for a direct estimate of accuracy. This insight is critical for integrated map-matching navigation systems but has hitherto been unavailable. The new estimator of location can constrain the error growth of a purely INS-based system and lead to improved navigation. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 555 EP 564 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300078 ER PT S AU Wiegert, R Oeschger, J Tuovila, E AF Wiegert, Roy Oeschger, John Tuovila, Eric GP IEEE TI Demonstration of a novel man-portable magnetic STAR technology for real time localization of unexploded ordnance SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB We report results of field tests of the first prototype of a novel man-portable Magnetic Scalar Triangulation and Ranging (STAR) technology. The new magnetic sensor system technology is being developed with support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) to provide an easily deployable magnetic sensor system for real-time, point-by-point Detection, Localization and Classification (DLC) of magnetic targets such as Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and buried mines. The STAR technology is based on a multi tensor gradiometer approach that uses magnetic gradient tensor magnitudes, i.e., "gradient-contraction-type" parameters to perform DLC of magnetic targets. The magnetic STAR sensor uses the scalar functions to triangulate a magnetic UXO-type target's position vector and to calculate the target's magnetic signature vector. The vector components of an object's magnetic signature provide a basis for real time classification of its type, Le. UXO-like or not. In order to provide proof of principle of the STAR concept and demonstrate its advantages for high mobility magnetic sensing applications, we designed, constructed and field-tested a prototype man-portable STAR Gradiometer. The portable gradiometer's hardware and software are completely self-contained and provide a practical and user friendly capability for real time DLC of magnetic targets. Target DLC parameters: e.g., range, hearing, elevation and magnetic signature are correlated with Global Positioning System time and position data and displayed in near real time (total delay < 3 seconds) on a heads-up display that clips onto the operator's safety glasses. Interactive software controls data acquisition, performs signal processing to remove residual motion noise effects and runs the STAR Algorithm to generate and display the target's DLC parameters. Field tests have demonstrated proof-of-principle of the STAR concept and conclusively demonstrated that the technology has unique advantages for DLC by highly mobile sensing platforms. While being carried and operated by a single individual, the portable sensor has demonstrated very robust, motion noise resistant performance even while undergoing rotational motion of more than 40 degrees per second. The field test results very strongly indicate that the man-portable STAR technology can provide a wide variety of highly maneuverable sensing platforms (including Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) with uniquely effective, motion-noise-resistant magnetic sensing modalities for DLC of magnetic targets such as UXO and underwater mines. C1 [Wiegert, Roy; Oeschger, John; Tuovila, Eric] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 794 EP 800 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300114 ER PT S AU Stanic, S Kennedy, E Brown, B Malley, D Goodman, R Caruthers, J AF Stanic, Steve Kennedy, Edgar Brown, Bob Malley, Dexter Goodman, Ralph Caruthers, Jerauld GP IEEE TI Broadband acoustic transmission measurements in surface ship wakes SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI C1 [Stanic, Steve; Kennedy, Edgar; Brown, Bob; Malley, Dexter] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Goodman, Ralph; Caruthers, Jerauld] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stanic, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU NRL FX Work supported by NRL NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 812 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300117 ER PT S AU Zheng, YR Xiao, CS Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP IEEE TI Frequency-domain channel estimation and equalization for single carrier underwater acoustic communications SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER AB A new frequency-domain channel estimation and equalization (FDE) scheme is proposed for single carrier (SC) underwater acoustic communications. The proposed SC-FDE employs a small training signal block for initial channel estimation in the frequency domain and converts the estimated transfer function to a desired DFr (discrete Fourier transform) size for channel equalization of the data blocks. The frequency domain equalizer is designed using the linear minimum mean square error criterion. A new phase coherent detection scheme is also proposed and deployed to combat the phase drift due to the instantaneous Doppler in the underwater channels. The channel transfer functions and group-averaged phase drift are re-estimated adaptively in a decision-directed manner for each data block in a packet, which contains M blocks of QPSK data. The proposed SC-FDE method is applied to single input multiple output (SIMO) systems using the experimental data measured off the coast of Panama City, Florida, USA, June 2007. The uncoded bit error rate of the SIMO systems varies between 1.3% to 6.8 x 10(-5) when 4 similar to 8 receive hydrophones are utilized, and the source-receiver range is 5.06 km. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.; Yang, Wen-Bin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, YR (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014- 07-1-0219]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0514770]; Office of Naval Research FX This work of Y. R. Zheng and C. Xiao was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014- 07-1-0219 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0514770. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 902 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300132 ER PT S AU Newcomb, JJ Snyder, MA Hillstrom, WR Goodman, R AF Newcomb, Joal J. Snyder, Mark A. Hillstrom, Wesley R. Goodman, Ralph GP IEEE TI Measurements of ambient noise during extreme wind conditions in the Gulf of Mexico SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID UNDERWATER AB The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) deployed three Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the summer of 2002 (LADC 02). The hydrophone of each buoy was approximately 50 m from the bottom in water depths of 645 m to 1034 m. During LADC 02 Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili passed within approximately 73 nmi and 116 nmi, respectively, west of the EARS buoys. The proximity of these storm systems to the EARS buoys, in conjunction with wind speed data from three nearby National Data Buoy Center weather (NDBC) buoys, allows for the direct comparison of underwater ambient noise levels with high wind speeds. These results are compared to the G. M. Wenz spectra at frequencies from 1 kHz to 5.5 kHz. Anomalously high levels of ambient noise may be due to banding effects of the storms. Results of the ambient noise analysis will be presented. C1 [Newcomb, Joal J.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7185,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Snyder, Mark A.; Hillstrom, Wesley R.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Oceangraph Office, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Goodman, Ralph] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Newcomb, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7185,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU ONR Program Element [62435N] FX This research was supported by ONR Program Element 62435N. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 958 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300141 ER PT S AU Snyder, MA Orlin, PA AF Snyder, Mark A. Orlin, Peter A. GP IEEE TI Ambient noise classification in the Gulf of Mexico SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Long-term omni-directional ambient noise was collected in the Gulf of Mexico during 2004 and 2005. The data were recorded continuously and have a bandwidth of 10-1000 Hz. Two-minute averages of Short Time Fourier Transforms (STFT) of the data were computed. The processed data contain wind and wave noise, distant shipping, nearby shipping and storm passage noise with amplitude variation spanning multiple time scales. These contributions to the overall noise level are additive in producing the total measured noise level at any time. An heuristic scheme based on determining the local mean noise level over a period of several hours is used to determine the positive and negative peak values of the data relative to the local mean. The statistics of the negative peaks are used to eliminate large positive peaks (outliers) resulting from nearby shipping. The final local mean is used to characterize long period processes resulting from frontal passages or storms. The removed peak data are used to characterize shipping, and the data with the peaks removed are used to characterize long period ambient noise from wind, waves and precipitation about the local mean. The results of the analysis of the data from January 2005 will be presented. C1 [Snyder, Mark A.; Orlin, Peter A.] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Snyder, MA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1371 EP 1380 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301016 ER PT S AU Fabre, JP Dennis, SM AF Fabre, J. Paquin Dennis, Steven M. GP IEEE TI Characterization of the variability of the ocean acoustic environment SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Great strides have been made in the ability to model and predict oceanography (temperature, salinity, currents, etc.) accurately and in a timely manner. There exists a need to characterize the variability of the ocean based on its acoustic propagation characteristics. That is, how and where does the evolution or variability of the environment significantly impact the acoustic propagation characteristics of an oceanographic waveguide? Due to the complexity of the acoustic propagation in a waveguide, variability in the oceanography is not always indicative of the variability in the acoustic propagation. For example, a significant change in temperature in an area may not significantly impact the acoustic propagation in the area. There is also a limit on the ability to sense the oceanography. Sensor availability and coverage, as well as time put constraints on efforts to measure a large ocean area. The work presented here shows that analysis of acoustic variability computed using predicted oceanography over an area provides a better insight into the oceanographic variability for the purposes of sensor placement. Acoustic coverage integrated over many source depths is a representation of how energy travels in a waveguide and can therefore provide a good estimate of the propagation properties of the environment over a large area. A method of estimating the acoustic variability over a period of time using this integrated acoustic coverage (IAC) computation, which is derived from estimated transmission loss is presented here. Two and three dimensional oceanographic model predictions of temperature and salinity (converted to sound velocity) over a time period are used as inputs to the acoustic model. The parabolic equation Range-dependent Acoustic Model (RAM, [Collins, M. D., "Applications and time-domain solution of higher-order parabolic equations in underwater acoustics," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 86 (3), 1097-1102, 1989]) is used to compute the complex pressure and transmission loss (TL) for calculation of a range independent IAC. This quantity is computed for each time period and variability over time is computed for the ocean volume (longitude, latitude and depth). The RAM is then run for range dependent (RD) environments across user-selected, highly variable tracks for estimation of (range dependent) IAC variance. The acoustic computation is currently done over the whole area in a range independent mode to save computation time. The capability to compute along selected tracks adds a necessary RD evaluation of the areas with the most variability. Comparisons of the range independent (RI) IAC over the volume and RD over the highly variable track show that the use of the range independent IAC parameter is valid for acoustic variance estimation over an area. This work shows that the integrated range independent acoustic variability provides a better estimate of variability than does the oceanographic variability, for the purposes of sensor placement. As work continues, more capability can be added to include functionality such as range dependence. C1 [Fabre, J. Paquin; Dennis, Steven M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fabre, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1648 EP 1650 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301055 ER PT S AU Gallacher, PC Schaferkotter, M Avera, W AF Gallacher, Patrick C. Schaferkotter, Michael Avera, Will GP IEEE TI Nonhydrostatic hindcasts of high amplitude internal waves in the Mid-Atlantic Bight SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID OCEAN; MODEL; TIDES AB From late July to early September 2006 an intense field program, Shallow Water 2006 (SW06), was conducted in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) off of the New Jersey coast The goal of the program is to the determine the environmental processes that affect shallow water acoustic propagation and scattering and to understand the dynamics of the generation and evolution of those processes. A phenomena that dominates much of the hydrodynamics in the coastal ocean are the internal waves. The waves interact with each other, with the topography and with the ambient currents and stratification to form a complex field of baroclinic internal waves of varying frequencies and wavelengths. Many of these waves are nonlinear and have very high amplitudes (exceeding 50m) hence large energy. The generation, interactions and transformations of these waves is studied with a very high resolution, nonhydrostatic (NRL-MIT) model system of the ocean hydrodynamics. This model is imbedded in a nested hydrodynamic nowcast/forecast system comprised of the global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and a series of higher resolution NCOM domains. C1 [Gallacher, Patrick C.; Avera, Will] USN, Res Lab, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Schaferkotter, Michael] Jacobs Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gallacher, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Patrick.Gallacher@nrlssc.navy.mil; Michael.Schaerkotter@jacobs.com; WillAvera@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory through the project Effects of Non-Acoustic Noise on Multi-Sensor ASW systems [UW-435-0.18]; Office of Naval Research through the NLIWI DRI [N0001407WX21138]; Dana Hesse of the Magnetics Program [N0001406WX21318]; DoD High Performance Computers (HPC); Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center (NAVO MSRC); Germana Peggion FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory through the project Effects of Non-Acoustic Noise on Multi-Sensor ASW systems (Task Area UW-435-0.18) and by the Office of Naval Research through the NLIWI DRI (Funding Document No. N0001407WX21138) and through Dr. Dana Hesse of the Magnetics Program (Funding Document No. N0001406WX21318). The numerical experiments were done on the DoD High Performance Computers (HPC) at the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center (NAVO MSRC). The NCOM fields were provided by Dr. Germana Peggion, Dr. Clark Rowley and Ms. Lucy Smedstad. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1698 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301064 ER PT S AU Dennis, SM Fabre, JP AF Dennis, Steven M. Fabre, J. Paquin GP IEEE TI Characterization of the range dependence of an ocean environment to reduce acoustic estimation SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB As computer capabilities continue to increase, characterization of the oceanic environment improves both spatially and temporally. This oceanographic information (specifically sound velocity) is often used to make acoustic predictions, but wide-area acoustic predictions have been limited by computation time. Currently, in order to characterize an area acoustically, propagation loss estimates are computed for equally spaced grid points over a large area. Acoustic models have become fairly fast, however, when doing multiple source and receiver configurations, multiple frequencies and several range dependent bearings for many grid points, the task can become computationally prohibitive. Range independent predictions are significantly faster than range dependent predictions, but can under-represent the acoustic propagation due to features in the sound speed structure where the environment is non-adiabatic (range dependent). Adiabatic normal mode calculations can also be done fairly quickly (faster than range independent transmission loss predictions) but for the same reason, still do not provide the best estimate of the acoustics. A method is developed and presented here to compute normal modes for an environment and use them to determine how adiabatic that environment is. This is done by comparing the number of modes and the wave numbers computed for each sound speed profile, to those of neighboring profiles. If the nature of the mode functions changes significantly, the profile is flagged as non-adiabatic. Once the adiabatic determination is made, range dependent runs are computed for the areas that are shown to be non-adiabatic and range independent runs are computed for the adiabatic areas. This process reduces the amount of run time required to assess an area, while maintaining a high level of accuracy of the acoustic characterization of the whole area. This run time reduction can be significant for many areas of the world. Estimates of acoustic coverage (that is, the area for which acoustic transmission loss is below a threshold) of the area using the adiabatic measure are computed and compared to the full grid computation. This shows that taking advantage of the adiabatic areas to reduce the number of acoustic predictions required for an area still provides an acceptable estimate of the wide-area acoustic environment. C1 [Dennis, Steven M.; Fabre, J. Paquin] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dennis, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1716 EP 1719 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301067 ER PT S AU Chin-Bing, SA Warn-Varnas, AC King, DB Christov, I AF Chin-Bing, Stanley A. Warn-Varnas, Alex C. King, David B. Christov, Ivan GP IEEE TI Using ocean acoustics to improve large shallow-water soliton simulations SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID EQUATION AB Large amplitude ocean solitons can interfere with underwater acoustic signals that pass through the solitons. This can disrupt underwater acoustic communications and produce erroneous measurements in ocean acoustic experiments. Recently a simulation method has been developed that links certain properties of the soliton with properties of the affected acoustic signals. This can be used as a "feedback method" to determine if acoustic signals are likely to be affected in ocean regions where solitons may be present. Results from ocean model and acoustic model simulations are given to illustrate the method. C1 [Chin-Bing, Stanley A.; Warn-Varnas, Alex C.; King, David B.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Christov, Ivan] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chin-Bing, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM chinbing@nrlssc.navy.mil; christov@northwestern.edu RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531 FU NRL [PE 62435N] FX Work supported by the NRL Base Program, PE 62435N. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1754 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301073 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Ngodock, HE Jacobs, GA AF Smith, S. R. Ngodock, H. E. Jacobs, G. A. GP IEEE TI 4DVAR assimilation of ADCP data with the Navy Coastal Ocean model using the cycling representer method SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GENERALIZED INVERSION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SHALLOW-WATER; TAO DATA; PREDICTION; ALGORITHM; NCOM AB 4D-variational assimilation (4DVAR) is used to combine ADCP velocity observations with the Navy Coastal Ocean model (NCOM) to obtain an optimal solution that minimizes a cost function containing the weighted squared errors of velocity measurements, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and model dynamics. However, in order to converge to the global minimum of this cost function, the ocean model (and its adjoint) must be linear. Ocean models, especially those that are designed to resolve baroclinic and mesoscale processes, are typically highly-nonlinear and must be linearized. Tangent linearization is a linearization method that is performed by expanding the nonlinear dynamics about a background field using the first order approximation of Taylor's expansion. The accuracy and stability of this tangent linearized model (TLM) is a very sensitive function of the background accuracy, the level of nonlinearity of the model, complexity of the bathymetry, and the complexity of the flow field. Therefore, in high-resolution coastal domains, the TLM is only going to be stable for a relatively short period of time. In this paper, assimilation experiments are performed in a high-resolution Mississippi Bight coastal domain. The TLM of NCOM for this domain is only accurate for about 1 day. The representer method is used to solve this highly nonlinear, weak-constraint, 4DVAR problem. However, due to the short stability time period of this assimilation problem, the representer method is cycled by splitting the time period of the assimilation problem into smaller cycles, therefore ensuring TLM stability and proper data assimilation. The cycle time period needs to be such that it is short enough for the TLM to be stable, but long enough to minimize the loss of information due to reducing the temporal correlation of the dynamic error. We have found that for the Mississippi Bight experiments presented in this paper that a cycle length of I day works best. For each new cycle, a background is first created as a nonlinear forecast from the previous cycle's assimilated solution. Then, data that falls within the time period of the new cycle is used to calculate a new assimilated solution using the previous cycle's forecast as the background. The cycling representer method has been previously demonstrated to drastically improve assimilation accuracy with simpler nonlinear models. Now, this assimilation method is being applied to NCOM. This assimilation system is demonstrated in the Mississippi Bight by assimilating velocity measurements from an array of 14 ADCP moorings for the month of June, 2004. The initial condition for the first cycle, the boundary conditions, and the background around which the TLM is expanded comes from an operational global NCOM. The weak-constraint cycling representer method corrects the velocity components of initial conditions, boundary conditions, and dynamics. This paper will demonstrate the improvement of assimilation accuracy as the time window of the cycles is reduced to I day, but when 12-hour cycles are used, the system begins to lose skill. It will also be demonstrated that the forecast skill win be improved as the assimilation system progresses through the cycles. C1 [Smith, S. R.; Ngodock, H. E.; Jacobs, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1821 EP 1833 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301085 ER PT S AU D'Epagnier, LTJGKP Chung, HL Stanway, MJ Kimball, RW AF D'Epagnier, L. T. J. G. Kathryn P. Chung, Hsin-Lung Stanway, Michael J. Kimball, Richard W. GP IEEE TI An open source parametric propeller design tool SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB An open source computational propeller/turbine design tool, the user-friendly open source MIT Propeller Vortex Lattice Lifting Line Program (OpenProp), is presented in this paper. This code has applications in propeller design for AUV and ROV thrusters as well as conventional propellers. The code is also being utilized for tidal turbine design. OpenProp is designed to be a fast parametric design tool for use by engineers with little training in propeller design. This tool can also be used by more experienced designers, as a preliminary design tool, to produce a starting design for further refinement using more advanced design and analysis codes. Various design examples are presented, including an ROV propeller design and a contra-rotating AUV Thruster design. These propellers were constructed and performance tested. The performance data for these propeller designs is also presented. The code was validated against the US Navy's PLL code and these results are also presented. The OpenProp propeller design tool is part of a suite of open source tools under development for rapid design, building and testing of propeller design models. C1 [D'Epagnier, L. T. J. G. Kathryn P.; Chung, Hsin-Lung; Stanway, Michael J.; Kimball, Richard W.] USN, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP D'Epagnier, LTJGKP (reprint author), USN, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 5-309, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kdepagnier@alum.mit.edu; chungh@alum.mit.edu; squall@mit.edu; kimball@mit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1899 EP 1906 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301096 ER PT S AU Ewart, LM McLaughlin, EA Robinson, HC Amin, A Stace, JJ AF Ewart, L. M. McLaughlin, E. A. Robinson, H. C. Amin, A. Stace, J. J. GP IEEE TI Mechanical and electromechanical properties of PMN-PT sinale crystals for naval sonar transducers SO 2007 SIXTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Single crystals in the relaxor-ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-lead titanate (PT) system provide significant advantage for underwater sonar transducers. Compared to lead zirconate titanate ceramics, the large electromechanical coupling factor provides significant increases in transducer bandwidth. The superior strain energy density generates higher source level across the band, and the lower Young's modulus allows considerably smaller transducers. These payoffs occur even when PMN-PT crystals are subject to navy relevant conditions such as uniaxial mechanical compressive stresses up to 42 MPa, electric fields up to 1.2 MV/m, and a range of temperatures from 5 to 50 T. This research. will provide insight into the impact of navy relevant electric fields and mechanical stress conditions on the cracking and failure of the piezocrystals. The compressive, flexural, and tensile strength of PMN-PT crystal will be reported and discussed with respect to mechanical stress conditions in a typical naval transducer The dielectric constant, piezoelectric coefficient, Young's modulus, electromechanical coupling factor and energy density under large signal quasi-static conditions will be discussed from the perspective of the implications for sonar projector design and performance. C1 [Ewart, L. M.; McLaughlin, E. A.; Robinson, H. C.; Amin, A.; Stace, J. J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ewart, LM (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1333-1 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 550 EP 553 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHI52 UT WOS:000253416100181 ER PT B AU Hiscocks, MP Kaalund, CJ Ladouceur, F Gibson, BC Trpkovski, S Huntington, ST Simpson, D Ampem-Lassen, E Hossain, F Hollenberg, L Prawer, S Butler, JE AF Hiscocks, Mark P. Kaalund, Christopher J. Ladouceur, Francois Gibson, Brant C. Trpkovski, Steven Huntington, Shane T. Simpson, David Ampem-Lassen, Eric Hossain, Faruque Hollenberg, Lloyd Prawer, Steven Butler, James E. GP IEEE TI Processing of diamond: Towards all-diamond integrated optics SO 2007 THE JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL INTERNET AND AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Optical Internet/Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology CY JUN 24-27, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA AB Diamond photonic devices present a range of opportunities due to their unique properties. This paper presents progress in the fabrication of diamond waveguides using reactive ion etching (RIE), as a step towards all-diamond optics. C1 [Hiscocks, Mark P.; Kaalund, Christopher J.; Ladouceur, Francois] Univ New S Wales, Sch EE&T, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Gibson, Brant C.; Trpkovski, Steven; Huntington, Shane T.; Simpson, David; Ampem-Lassen, Eric; Hossain, Faruque; Hollenberg, Lloyd; Prawer, Steven] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Butler, James E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hiscocks, MP (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch EE&T, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Gibson, Brant/B-8747-2011; Hollenberg, Lloyd/B-2296-2010; Ladouceur, Francois/D-5828-2011 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Gibson, Brant/0000-0002-7109-2796; FU International Science Linkages programme established under the Australian Government's innovation statement Backing Australia's Ability FX This project is proudly supported by the International Science Linkages programme established under the Australian Government's innovation statement Backing Australia's Ability. The authors wish to also acknowledge the Victorian Government's Science, Technology & Innovation Infrastructure Grants Program for the funding of this project NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9775657-4-0 PY 2007 BP 183 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIG61 UT WOS:000259363200062 ER PT B AU Cooke, SJ Botton, M Antonsen, TM Levush, B AF Cooke, S. J. Botton, M. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI A leapfrog formulation of the 3D ADI-FDTD algorithm SO 2007 WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS IN TIME-DOMAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain CY OCT 15-17, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IEEE DE electromagnetic propagation; FDTD methods; simulation AB We introduce a new, alternative form of the 3D alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) algorithm that has a number of attractive properties for electromagnetic simulation. We obtain a leapfrog form of the time advance equations, where the E- and H- fields are staggered at half-integer and integer time steps respectively, that preserves the unconditional stability of the ADI-FDTD method. The resulting equations resemble the explicit leapfrog FDTD method, but the field update equations are modified to include the solution of sets of tridiagonal equations at each step, similar to the original ADI-FDTD scheme, so that the scheme is not constrained by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) limit. The algorithm is simpler than the ADI-FDTD method but algebraically equivalent, allowing a reduction in computation to achieve the same numerical solution. We discuss the advantages of the formulation over the original FDTD and ADI-FDTD methods, and confirm our results numerically. C1 [Cooke, S. J.; Levush, B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Botton, M.; Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1169-6 PY 2007 BP 144 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHG93 UT WOS:000253089600037 ER PT B AU Raffray, AR Dahlgren, F Gentile, C Priniski, C Robson, AE Rose, D Sawan, ME Sethian, J Snead, L Sviatoslavsky, G Wang, XR AF Raffray, A. R. Dahlgren, F. Gentile, C. Priniski, C. Robson, A. E. Rose, D. Sawan, M. E. Sethian, J. Snead, L. Sviatoslavsky, G. Wang, X. R. GP IEEE TI Conceptual study of integrated chamber core for laser fusion with magnetic intervention SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE inertial fusion energy; magnetic intervention; chamber AB The possibility of utilizing magnetic intervention (MI) in a laser-driven inertial fusion energy (IFE) dry wall chamber is being considered to steer away the ions from the chamber wall to more readily accessible and replaceable dump regions at the equator and poles. This paper summarizes the current status of this study, describing the overall MI chamber core configuration and layout and highlighting the key design and analysis results for the different components. C1 [Raffray, A. R.; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dahlgren, F.; Gentile, C.; Priniski, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Robson, A. E.] Consultant Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rose, D.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Sviatoslavsky, G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sethian, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Snead, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOE's; HAPL program FX This work has been performed through grants from the Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOEs funded HAPL program. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900023 ER PT B AU Dodson, T Dahgren, F Zatz, I Gentile, C Priniski, C Kozub, T Gettelfinger, G Sethian, J Robson, AE AF Dodson, T. Dahgren, F. Zatz, I. Gentile, C. Priniski, C. Kozub, T. Gettelfinger, G. Sethian, J. Robson, A. E. GP IEEE TI A conceptual design for the magnets in an IFE magnetic intervention chamber SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE inertial fusion energy (IFE); magnetic intervention; cusp coil geometry; Rutherford cable; Nioblum Titanium (Nbi) superconductor AB A conceptual design for a magnetic intervention system is presented in support of a 2 GW IFE direct drive fusion power reactor. The system is designed employing a cusp field to deflect ions generated by an IFE implosion away from the first wall of the reactor core and into specifically designed ion dumps. The magnetic coil system will employ liquid helium cooled 5083 Aluminum alloy casing on a Rutherford NbTi cable. The cables are configured as four double pancakes with a 5083 Aluminum alloy case for structural support. The conceptual design and corresponding preliminary load and field calculations will be presented. C1 [Dodson, T.; Dahgren, F.; Zatz, I.; Gentile, C.; Priniski, C.; Kozub, T.; Gettelfinger, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sethian, J.; Robson, A. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Dodson, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU DOE under the HAPL Program FX Work supported by the DOE under the HAPL Program. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900028 ER PT B AU Gentile, CA Langish, SW Kozub, T Priniski, C Dodson, T Gettelfinger, G Paul, B Ciebiera, L Wenner, J Nobile, A Sessions, K Sethian, J Robson, AE AF Gentile, C. A. Langish, S. W. Kozub, T. Priniski, C. Dodson, T. Gettelfinger, G. Paul, B. Ciebiera, L. Wenner, J. Nobile, A. Sessions, K. Sethian, J. Robson, A. E. GP IEEE TI Conceptual design of a plasma exhaust and fuel recovery system for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power reactor SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB A conceptual design has been developed for the recovery of un-expended fuel, ash, and associated post-detonation products from a similar to 2 GW IFE power reactor. The conceptual design incorporates systems for the safe, efficient collection, processing, and purification of IFE plasma exhaust fuel components. The system has been designed and sized such that tritium bred within blankets can also be collected, processed, and introduced into the fuel cycle. The system is nominally sized to process similar to 2 kg of tritium per day and is designed to link directly to the target chamber mechanical pumping system. The plasma exhaust can be directly processed from the exhaust of the vacuum pumping system or can be processed in batch mode from buffer vessels in the Receiving and Analysis System (RAS). Systems for the accurate measurement of material in-process (MIEP) have been included. Design emphasis is on safety, reliability, redundancy, and efficiency in order to maximize availability. The primary goal of the fuel recovery system (FRS) design is to economically recycle components of IFE fuel back to the target manufacturers in a fashion by which fuel components are rapidly made available for re-use thus lowering the total active inventory. The FRS design is presented as a facility sub-system in the context of supporting the safe and efficient operation of the IFE target chamber. C1 [Gentile, C. A.; Langish, S. W.; Kozub, T.; Priniski, C.; Dodson, T.; Gettelfinger, G.; Paul, B.; Ciebiera, L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Wenner, J.; Nobile, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sessions, K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Sethian, J.; Robson, A. E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU HAPL program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the various inputs that were received from members of the HAPL community during the development of the conceptual design of the IFE fuel recovery system. Funding for this work was provided by the HAPL program. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 234 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900058 ER PT B AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Genoni, TC Clark, RE Robson, AE Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD AF Rose, D. V. Welch, D. R. Genoni, T. C. Clark, R. E. Robson, A. E. Giuliani, J. L. Sethian, J. D. GP IEEE TI Computational analysis of the magnetic intervention concept for first wall protection from energetic ions in a direct drive laser fusion chamber SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE laser fusion; ion confinement; particle-in-cell simulation AB Energetic ions are produced in the thermonuclear explosion of a target in a direct drive laser-driven inertial fusion energy systems. These ions will be deposited in the first wall of the chamber, potentially leading to degradation of the surface. The magnetic intervention concept imposes a cusp magnetic field on the chamber, directing the ions to dump regions where their energy can be removed from the system. A computational assessment is carried out to examine the exchange of ion energy with the applied magnetic field and to determine the both the ion energy spectrum of the escaping ions and the dimensions of the escape regions. C1 [Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Genoni, T. C.; Clark, R. E.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Robson, A. E.; Giuliani, J. L.; Sethian, J. D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. FU US Department of Energy through the Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank C. Mostrom at Voss Scientific for assistance with the simulations and graphical analysis. D. V. Rose thanks T. P. Hughes (Voss Scientific) for helpful discussions related to the computational algorithms presented here. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 266 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900066 ER PT S AU Ray, PS Wolff, MT Demores, P Cognard, I Backer, DC Wood, KS AF Ray, Paul S. Wolff, Michael T. Demores, Paul Cognard, Ismael Backer, Donald C. Wood, Kent S. BE Bassa, CG Wang, Z Cumming, A Kaspi, VM TI X-ray and radio timing of PSR b1821-24 SO 40 YEARS OF PULSARS: MILLISECOND PULSARS, MAGNETARS AND MORE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIP Conference: 40 Years of Pulsars CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP McGill Univ, Phys Dept, McGill Univ, Fac Sci, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Canadian Inst Adv Res DE pulsars AB We report on long term timing observations of the 3.05 ms pulsar PSR B1821-24, made with the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), which have an absolute pulse time of arrival accuracy of < 3.5 mu s. We compare these observations to careful radio timing observations taken at Nanqay Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope, which allow us to track the variable dispersion measure so that we can compensate for radio propagation effects. These data are the first high precision long term timing measurements of a millisecond pulsar in the X-ray band and demonstrate that timing of X-ray emitting MSPs in the X-ray band can be an important complement to radio timing programs. C1 [Ray, Paul S.; Wolff, Michael T.; Wood, Kent S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0502-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 983 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHL21 UT WOS:000254022400039 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Zhou, H AF Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Monotonicity of a key function arised in studies of nematic liquid crystal polymers SO ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATES; EQUATION AB We revisit a key function arised in studies of nematic liquid crystal polymers. Previously, it was conjectured that the function is strictly decreasing and the conjecture was numerically confirmed. Here we prove the conjecture analytically. More specifically, we write the derivative of the function into two parts and prove that each part is strictly negative. Copyright (C) 2007. C1 [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, HY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM hongwang@ams.ucsc.edu; hzhou@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1085-3375 J9 ABSTR APPL ANAL JI Abstract Appl. Anal. PY 2007 AR 76209 DI 10.1155/2007/76209 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 278WI UT WOS:000254316600001 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wilson, L Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Wilson, Lynda Wang, Hongyun TI On the equilibria of the extended nematic polymers under elongational flow SO ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; STEADY-STATES; SPHERE AB We classify the equilibrium solutions of the Smoluchowski equation for dipolar ( extended) rigid nematic polymers under imposed elongational flow. The Smoluchowski equation couples the Maier-Saupe short-range interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, and an external elongational flow. We show that all stable equilibria of rigid, dipolar rod dispersions under imposed uniaxial elongational flow field are axisymmetric. This finding of axisymmetry significantly simplifies any procedure of obtaining experimentally observable equilibria. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu; lwilson@nps.edu; hongwang@ams.ucsc.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1085-3375 J9 ABSTR APPL ANAL JI Abstract Appl. Anal. PY 2007 AR 36267 DI 10.1155/2007/36267 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 183QY UT WOS:000247588500001 ER PT J AU Esposito, JM Kumar, V AF Esposito, Joel M. Kumar, Vijay TI A state event detection algorithm for numerically simulating hybrid systems with model singularities SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE hybrid systems; model singularities; event detection; numerical integration; discontinuities ID LOCATION AB This article describes an algorithm for detecting the occurrence of events, which signify discontinuities in the first derivative of the state variables, while simulating a set of nonsmooth differential equations. Such combined-discrete continuous systems arise in many contexts and are often referred to as hybrid systems, switched systems, or nonsmooth systems. In all cases, the state events are triggered at simulated times which generate states corresponding to the zeros of some algebraic "event" function. It has been noted that all existing simulators are prone to failure when these events occur in the neighborhood of model singularities - regions of the state space where the right-hand side of the differential equation is undefined. Such model singularities are often the impetus for using nonsmooth models in the first place. This failure occurs because existing algorithms blindly attempt to interpolate across singular regions, checking for possible events after the fact. The event detection algorithm described here overcomes this limitation using an approach inspired by feedback control theory. A carefully constructed extrapolation polynomial is used to select the integration step size by checking for potential future events, avoiding the need to evaluate the differential equation in potentially singular regions. It is shown that this alternate approach gives added functionality with little impact on the simulation efficiency. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu; kumar@grasp.cis.upenn.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 1049-3301 J9 ACM T MODEL COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1145/1177357.1177358 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 131MX UT WOS:000243874400001 ER PT S AU Erikson, KR Zipfel, G Butler, SC Edelson, GS Will, EM AF Erikson, K. R. Zipfel, G. Butler, S. C. Edelson, G. S. Will, E. M. BE Andre, MP TI Innovative power amplifier and transducer technologies for high frequency broadband sonar arrays SO Acoustical Imaging, Vol 28 SE ACOUSTICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging CY MAR 20-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE sonar; array; Tonpilz; power amplifier AB Advances in high frequency power amplifier and transducer technologies developed as part of the ONR High Frequency Broadband Array (HFBBA) Program are discussed. The HFBBA system uses optimized, co-developed power amplifiers and transmitter transducers, and receiver transducers colocated with the transmitter transducers. This innovative approach provides a scalable, exceptionally compact, efficient system. Initial test results of a fully populated 6x6 element array demonstration system are presented. C1 BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. Summit Appl Res, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. Naval undersea Warfare Ctr, Fleet Sensors & Cables Engn, Newport, RI USA. RP Erikson, KR (reprint author), BAE Syst, Box 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0270-5117 BN 978-1-4020-5720-5 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2007 VL 28 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1007/1-4020-5721-0_41 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA08 UT WOS:000245738100041 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Alouani, AT AF Gray, John E. Alouani, Ali T. BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Characterization of polar to Cartesian coordinates transformation and its effect on target track quality - art. no. 656902 SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE coordinate transformations; exact probability density functions; target tracking AB Target tracking with radar and sonar is done in either spherical or rectangular coordinates. Often tracking is done in one reference frame while filtering, usually Kalman, is done in another reference frame. It is commonly assumed that the probability density functions can be treated the same in both reference frames. An extended Kalman filter is used under this assumption that the probability density function of the measurements after conversion can be adequately characterized by the mean and standard deviation. The transformations from spherical coordinates ((r) over cap, (theta) over cap, (phi) over cap) to Cartesian coordinates((x) over cap, (y) over cap, (z) over cap) is a non-linear transformation, so the statistical characteristics of the measurement process noise are changed significantly by the transformation. Thus, the characteristics which tracking filters are designed to optimize with respect to are changed as well by these coordinate transformations. Typical engineering practice uses approximations rather than exact solutions. The objective of this paper is to provide means to analytically characterize the probability density functions of these coordinate transformations. We then investigate the impact of approximating the statistics of these coordinate transformation on track quality. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP 56902 EP 56902 AR 656902 DI 10.1117/12.718467 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400001 ER PT S AU Smith-Carrolla, AS McCabe, DH Graya, JE AF Smith-Carrolla, A. Sunshine McCabe, D. Hugh Graya, John E. BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Alternative switching logic designs for multiple model filters - art. no. 656904 SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multiple model filer; Markov process; tracking; maneuvering target; interacting multiple model; alternative switching logic AB A study is performed of several multiple model tracking filter architectures that do not employ a Markov Switching Matrix in its weighting mathematics. The Markov Switching Matrix which is common to multiple model tracking filters does not have an "optimum" rule for defining its constituent probabilities. The only real constraint on the probabilities is that each row of the matrix must add to unity. The other general rule is that the diagonal elements should be "close to unity" and the off-diagonal terms should be correspondingly "small". Other than these constraints, values axe typically selected by observing the filter tracking performance over a wide set of trajectory types and target dynamics. Several architectures axe presented and their tracking performance discussed. Comparisons are made with the performance of a conventional IMM for the same data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code Q 23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Smith-Carrolla, AS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code Q 23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP 56904 EP 56904 AR 656904 DI 10.1117/12.720277 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400002 ER PT S AU Kim, JJ Sands, T Agrawall, BN AF Kim, Jae Jun Sands, Tim Agrawall, Brij N. BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Acquisition, tracking, and pointing technology development for Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft - art. no. 656907 SO Acquisitions, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft; control moment gyroscope; acquisition; tracking; pointing ID CONTROL MOMENT GYROSCOPES; FEEDBACK-CONTROL AB The purpose of the research is to develop acquisition, tracking, and pointing technologies for the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft and verify these technologies with the experimental test-bed. Because of the stringent accuracy requirement of the laser beam and the agile maneuverability requirement, significant research is needed to develop acquisition, tracking, and pointing technologies for the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft. In this paper, development of the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft experimental test-bed is presented in detail. The current operational results are also presented including precision attitude control of the spacecraft for fine tracking and pointing. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6691-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6569 BP 56907 EP 56907 AR 656907 DI 10.1117/12.720694 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK11 UT WOS:000247874400005 ER PT J AU Luca, F Stanica, P AF Luca, Florian Stanica, Pantelimon TI Linear equations with the Euler totient function SO ACTA ARITHMETICA LA English DT Article ID LOCALLY REPEATED VALUES; ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luca, F (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM fluca@matmor.unam; pstanica@nps.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009; OI Luca, Florian/0000-0003-1321-4422 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST MATHEMATICS PI WARSAW 10 PA SNIADECKICH 8, PO BOX 21,, 00-956 WARSAW 10, POLAND SN 0065-1036 J9 ACTA ARITH JI Acta Arith. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.4064/aa128-2-4 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 212BC UT WOS:000249567600004 ER PT J AU Filaseta, M Luca, F Stanica, P Underwood, RG AF Filaseta, M. Luca, F. Stanica, P. Underwood, R. G. TI Two Diophantine approaches to the irreducibility of certain trinomials SO ACTA ARITHMETICA LA English DT Article C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, GSEAS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, IMATE, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Auburn Univ, Dept Math, Montgomery, AL 36124 USA. RP Filaseta, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM filaseta@math.sc.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu; runderwo@mail.aum.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST MATHEMATICS PI WARSAW 10 PA SNIADECKICH 8, PO BOX 21,, 00-956 WARSAW 10, POLAND SN 0065-1036 J9 ACTA ARITH JI Acta Arith. PY 2007 VL 128 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.4064/aa128-2-5 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 212BC UT WOS:000249567600005 ER PT S AU Luqi Lange, DS AF Luqi Lange, Douglas S. BE Chen, PP Wong, LY TI Schema changes and historical information in conceptual models in support of adaptive systems SO ACTIVE CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF LEARNING: NEXT GENERATION LEARNING-BASE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Active Conceptual Modeling-Learning Workshop CY NOV 08, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB Conceptual changes and historical information have not been emphasized in traditional approaches to conceptual modeling such as the entity-relationship approach. Effective representations for such changes are needed to support robust machine learning and computer-aided organizational learning. However, these aspects have been modeled and studied in other contexts, such as software maintenance, version control, software transformations, etc. This paper reviews some relevant previous results, shows how they have been used to simplify conceptual models to help people make sense out of complex changing situations, and suggests some connections to conceptual models of machine learning. Areas where research is required to support conceptual models for adaptive systems are also explored. These are suggested by studies of the issues surrounding deployment of adaptive systems in mission critical environments. C1 [Luqi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lange, Douglas S.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM luqi@nps.edu; doug.lange@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77502-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4512 BP 112 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHG34 UT WOS:000252924800009 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Zhu, DM Bhatt, RT AF Choi, Sung R. Zhu, Dongming Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. BE Zhu, D Schulz, U TI LIFE LIMITING PROPERTIES OF UNCOATED AND ENVIRONMETAL-BARRIER COATED SILICON NITRIDE AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; TENSILE CREEP AB Life limiting properties of a commercial gas-turbine grade silicon nitride were determined with and without environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) at 1371 degrees C in air. Uncoated silicon nitride, AS800, exhibited a significant life limiting phenomenon with a relatively low life prediction parameter n approximate to 10 either in dynamic fatigue or in stress rupture under flexure. This enhanced susceptibility to life limiting was also consistent in tensile stress rupture loading. By contrast, despite some limited data, AS800 with plasma-sprayed rare-earth multi-component hafnia or yittria-hafnia EBCs showed much improved resistance to life limiting over the uncoated AS800, resulting in four to seven-fold life extension. C1 [Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08053-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BRG37 UT WOS:000282671600016 ER PT S AU Dutta, I Majumdar, BS Chen, T Chung, KC Ye, B AF Dutta, Indranath Majumdar, Bhaskar S. Chen, Tiandan Chung, Koh Choon Ye, Bing BE Atluri, VP Sharan, S Wong, CP Frear, D TI Smart lead-free solders via shape-memory alloy reinforcement SO Advanced Electronic Packaging SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Electronic Packaging held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 24-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID IN-SITU COMPOSITE; MATRIX; JOINTS AB Microelectronic solder joints are exposed to aggressive thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) during service, resulting in strain localization near solder/bond-pad interfaces, which eventually leads to low-cycle fatigue (LCF) failure of the joint. In order to mitigate these strain concentrations and thereby improve LCF life, a 'smart solder' reinforced with a martensitic NiTi based shape memory alloy (SMA) is being developed. This paper presents air overview of processing, characterization and modeling of these composite solders, and articulates the role of NiTi particles on strain evolution in composite solders. Based on finite element modeling and experiments on model single fiber composites, it is shown that NiTi pariculate reinforcements can reduce inelastic strain levels in the solder via shape recovery associated with the B19 -> B2 transformation. In situ TMC studies in the SEM, in conjunction with strain analysis via digital image correlation, show evidence of reverse deformation in the solder commensurate with the NiTi phase transformation, demonstrating the conceptual viability of the smart solder approach. Details of processing and joint formation, and the resultant microstructures of smart solder are discussed. Finally, results of TMC experiments on monolithic solder and NiTi/solder composite joints are reported, highlighting the beneficial effect of shape-memory transformation in reducing inelastic strain range, and hence enhancing the LCF life, of solders. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Ye, Bing/G-5557-2011 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-925-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 968 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF40 UT WOS:000246428300007 ER PT S AU Forst, CJ Ashman, CA Schwarz, K Blochl, PE AF Foerst, C. J. Ashman, C. A. Schwarz, K. Bloechl, P. E. BE Dimoulas, A Gusev, E McIntyre, PC Heyns, M TI Modeling of Growth of High-kappa Oxides on Semiconductors SO ADVANCED GATE STACKS FOR HIGH-MOBILITY SEMICONDUCTORS SE Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SR ADSORPTION; SILICON; SURFACE; INTERFACE; SI(100); SI(001) AB The replacement Of SiO2 by so-called high-kappa oxides is one of the major challenges for the semiconductor industry to date. Based on electronic structure calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we are able to provide a consistent picture of the growth process of a class of epitaxial oxides around SrO and SrTiO3. To the best of our knowledge this is the only theoretical study which considers the whole growth process starting from the clean Si substrate. Knowledge of the initial growth steps such as metal adsorption on the Si surface has proven to be vital for the understanding of the growth process. The knowledge of the interfacial binding principles has also allowed us to propose a way to engineer the band-offsets between the oxide and the silicon substrate. The results obtained for the Si substrate are directly transferable to Ge. C1 [Foerst, C. J.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ashman, C. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schwarz, K.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Mat Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Bloechl, P. E.] Tech Univ Clausthal, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. [Foerst, C. J.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Forst, CJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-0387 BN 978-3-540-71490-3 J9 SPR SER ADV MICROELE PY 2007 VL 27 BP 165 EP 179 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-71491-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BKD21 UT WOS:000267800800007 ER PT S AU Pique, A Charipar, NA Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Mathews, SA AF Pique, Alberto Charipar, Nicholas A. Kim, Heungsoo Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Mathews, Scott A. BE Dumitras, DC Dinescu, M Konov, VI TI Applications of laser direct-write for embedding microelectronics - art. no. 66060R SO Advanced Laser Technologies 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Advanced Laser Technologies CY SEP 08-12, 2006 CL Brasov, ROMANIA SP Minist Educ & Res, SPIE Russia Chapter, Russian Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Natl Inst Laser, Plasma & Radiat Phys, Transilvania Univ Brasov, Gen Phys Inst, Gen Phys Inst, Ctr Laser Technol & Mat Sci, Moscow State Univ, Int Laser Ctr DE laser direct-write; laser-induced forward transfer; laser die transfer; laser-assisted microelectronics assembly; laser embedding ID RELEASE AB The use of direct-write techniques might revolutionize the way microelectronic devices such as interconnects, passives, IC's, antennas, sensors and power sources are designed and fabricated. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a laser-based microfabrication process for direct-writing the materials and components required for the assembly and interconnection of the above devices. This laser direct-write (LDW) technique is capable of operating in subtractive, additive, and transfer mode. In subtractive mode, the system operates as a laser micromachining workstation capable of achieving precise depth and surface roughness control. In additive mode, the system utilizes a laser-forward transfer process for the deposition of metals, oxides, polymers and composites under ambient conditions onto virtually any type of surface, thus functioning as a laser printer for patterns of electronic materials. Furthermore, in transfer mode, the system is capable of transferring individual devices, such as semiconductor bare die or surface mount devices, inside a trench or recess in a substrate, thus performing the same function of the pick-and-place machines used in circuit board manufacture. The use of this technique is ideally suited for the rapid prototyping of embedded microelectronic components and systems while allowing the overall circuit design and layout to be easily modified or adapted to any specific application or form factor. This paper describes the laser direct-write process as applied to the forward transfer of microelectronic devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6744-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6606 BP R6060 EP R6060 AR 66060R DI 10.1117/12.729635 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGG67 UT WOS:000246689900026 ER PT S AU Newbery, AP Ahn, B Pao, P Nutt, SR Lavernia, EJ AF Newbery, A. P. Ahn, B. Pao, P. Nutt, S. R. Lavernia, E. J. BE Zhang, D Pickering, K Gabbitas, B Cao, P Langdon, A Torrens, R Verbeek, J TI A ductile UFG Al alloy via cryornilling and quasi-isostatic forging SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING IV SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY DEC 10-13, 2006 CL Hamilton, NEW ZEALAND SP Titanox Dev Ltd, Royal Soc New Zealand, Soc Mat New Zealand Inc DE cryogenic ball-milling; nanocrystalline powder; HIP consolidation; high strength; fracture toughness ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; AL-5083 AB Mechanical milling of At alloy powder in liquid nitrogen leads to a large reduction in the scale of the microstructure and results in material with high thermal stability and strength. However, it is important to consolidate the powder and achieve bulk material with sufficient toughness and ductility for structural applications. In this investigation, hot isostatic pressing, followed by quasi-isostatic forging and hot rolling, were performed to fabricate All 5083 plate with a predominantly ultra-fine grained microstructure. Plate produced in this way possessed enhanced tensile strength and ductility, exceeding that of conventionally processed material. C1 [Newbery, A. P.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahn, B.; Nutt, S. R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pao, P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newbery, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM apnewbery@ucdavis.edu; byungahn@usc.edu; pao@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; nutt@usc.edu; lavernia@ucdavis.edu RI Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010 OI Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-C-0163] FX Financial support for this work was gratefully received from the Office of Naval Research being part of the SSM Program under contract N00014-03-C-0163. The authors would also like to thank Drs. Bing Han and Baolong Zheng of UC Davis for assistance with the tensile testing and SEM, respectively. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-466-8 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2007 VL 29-30 BP 21 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHL90 UT WOS:000254167500004 ER PT S AU Jacobs, V Dutton, Z Bashkansky, M Steiner, M Reintjes, J AF Jacobs, Verne Dutton, Zachary Bashkansky, Mark Steiner, Michael Reintjes, John BE Hasan, ZU Craig, AE Shahriar, SM Coufal, HJ TI Reduced density matrix descriptions for electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in atomic systems - art. no. 648020X SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE density matrix; coherence; relaxation; electromagnetic response; electromagnetically induced transparency ID SLOW LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION; STATES AB Reduced density matrix descriptions are developed for linear and non-linear electromagnetic interactions of moving atomic systems, taking into account applied magnetic fields. Atomic collision processes are treated as environmental interactions. Applications of interest include electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in atomic vapors. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Bonn (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is introduced. However, the need for a fully quantum mechanical approach is emphasized. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear electromagnetic-response tensors occurring in a perturbation-theory treatment of the electromagnetic interaction. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial atomic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Intense-field electromagnetic interactions can be treated by means of an alternative method, which is based on a Liouville-space Floquet representation of the reduced density operator. Collisional interactions between atoms in a vapor can be treated in various approximations for the self-energy operator and the influence of Zeeman coherences on the electromagnetic response can be incorporated. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, V (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6595-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6482 BP X8020 EP X8020 AR 648020X DI 10.1117/12.716478 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGF12 UT WOS:000246396000023 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Santiago, F Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Payne, D AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Santiago, Freddie Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Atmospheric turbulence generator for adaptive optical systems testing - art. no. 67110D SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Many electro optical devices are now available for compensating atmospheric distortions in optical systems. To support the characterization of these devices in a consistent fashion a common testbed that physically simulates these atmospheric aberrations is required. This paper reports on a system that realizes seeing conditions ranging from very poor to excellent and feeds these wavefronts to the compensation device under test. The testbed provides quantitative characterization of the system under test and evaluates residual wavefront error. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Santiago, Freddie; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP D7110 EP D7110 DI 10.1117/12.740323 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500011 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Teare, SW Restaino, SR Wick, D Wilcox, CC Martinez, T AF Andrews, Jonathan. R. Teare, Scott W. Restaino, Sergio R. Wick, David Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty BE Carreras, RA Gonglewski, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Open-loop performance of a MEMS reflective wavefront sensor - art. no. 67110E SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; wavefront sensor; adaptive optics AB Sandia National Laboratory has constructed several segmented MEMS deformable mirrors that are under investigation for their suitability in experimental Adaptive Optics systems for the Naval Research Laboratory. These mirrors are fabricated in a hexagonal array and can been constructed with flat surfaces, or with optical power allowing each mirror to bring its subaperture of light to a focus similar to a Shack-Hartman array. Each mirror can use the tip, tilt and piston function to move the focused spots to the desired reference location, and the measurement of the applied voltage can be used directly to power a similar flat MEMS deformable mirror. Unlike the Shack-Hartman array, this wavefiront sensor can detect large magnitude aberrations up to and beyond where the focused spots overlap, due to the ability to dither each focused spot. This paper reports on experiments and analysis of the open-loop performance, including repeatability measurements. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan. R.; Restaino, Sergio R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Lab, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6859-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6711 BP E7110 EP E7110 DI 10.1117/12.740322 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHH05 UT WOS:000253180500012 ER PT S AU Joyner, D Ksir, A Traves, W AF Joyner, David Ksir, Amy Traves, Will BE Shaska, T Huffman, WC Joyner, D Ustimenko, V TI Automorphism groups of generalized Reed-Solomon codes SO ADVANCES IN CODING THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY SE Series on Coding Theory and Cryptology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Computer Algebra CY JUL 19-22, 2007 CL Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI HO Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat DE generalized Reed-Solomon codes; permutation automorphism groups; algebraic-geometric codes; G-modules AB We look at AG codes associated to P(1), re-examining the problem of determining their automorphism groups (originally investigated by Dur in 1987 using combinatorial techniques) using recent methods from algebraic geometry. We classify those finite groups that can arise as the automorphism group of an AG code and give an explicit description of how these groups appear. We give examples of generalized Reed-Solomon codes with large automorphism groups G, such as G = PSL(2, q), and explicitly describe their G-module structure. C1 [Joyner, David; Ksir, Amy; Traves, Will] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdj@usna.edu; ksir@usna.edu; traves@usna.edu; wdj@usna.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-2238 BN 978-981-270-701-7 J9 SER CODING TH CRYPTO PY 2007 VL 3 BP 114 EP 125 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BNC94 UT WOS:000274176000008 ER PT S AU Tonucci, RJ Hubler, GK AF Tonucci, Ronald J. Hubler, Graharn K. BE Sibilia, C Wiersma, DS TI Materials characterization and nanofabrication methods - Nanochannel glass materials SO ADVANCES IN NANOPHOTONICS II SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Summer School on Advances in Nanophotonics II CY JUN 22-JUL 02, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY SP Phoremost UE FP6, Univ Rome, La Sapienza, Univ Rome, Tor Vergato, MIUR, Reg Sicily DE nanofabrication; glass; photonic band gap ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; ARRAY GLASS; FABRICATION AB Nanochannel glass materials have the potential for numerous nanophotonic applications. Features as small as 10 nm can be created in an optically transparent glass matrix, in a large array format. Complex patterns can also be generated. The ability to fabricate complex optical structures at the nanoscale enables opportunities for new device fabrication and an ability to explore optical interactions at dimensions on the order of a wavelength or smaller. The fabrication, characterization and utility of nanochannel glass materials will be described. C1 [Tonucci, Ronald J.; Hubler, Graharn K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tonucci, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0473-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 959 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHE21 UT WOS:000252423500003 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Bansal, NP Hurst, JB Garg, A AF Choi, Sung R. Bansal, Narottam P. Hurst, Janet B. Garg, Anita BE Bansal, NP TI MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL (SOFC) SEAL GLASS-BORON NITRIDE NANOTUBES COMPOSITE SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; STRENGTH AB Barium calcium aluminosilicate glass composites reinforced with about 4 weight percent of BN nanaotubes (BNNTs) were fabricated by hot pressing. Flexure strength and fracture toughness of the glass-BNNT composites were determined at ambient temperature. The strength of the composite was higher by as much as 90 % and fracture toughness by as much as 35 % than those of the unreinforced G18 glass. Pullout of the BNNTs was observed from fracture surfaces of the composite. Elastic modulus, density, and microhardness of the composite were lower than those of the unreinforced glass. C1 [Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900030 ER PT J AU Jun, I Swiram, RT Rumaikin, A Feyninan, J Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF AF Jun, I. Swiram, R. T. Rumaikin, A. Feyninan, J. Tylka, A. J. Dietrich, W. F. TI Statistics of solar energetic particle events: Fluences, durations, and time intervals SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar energetic particle event; JPL solar proton model; solar Probe ID PROBABILITY MODEL; PROTON AB The high-energy solar proton data obtained from instruments onboard the IMP-8 spacecraft are used to investigate statistical distributions of event fluences, event durations, and time intervals between adjacent events. The results show that: (1) the event fluences can be approximately fit to a log-normal distribution and (2) the distributions of event durations and time intervals between the events can be represented by Poisson distributions. A virtual data set was generated using these distributions to extend the Solar Probe method [Feynman, J., Tylka, A.J., Reames, D.B., Gabriel, S.B. Near-sun energetic particle environment of Solar Probe-Phasel final report, JPL Report, 2000] of obtaining the mission-integrated fluences to longer missions. By using the virtual data set generated in this study, we are able to obtain the smooth distribution of mission fluences for missions of any duration, which is not possible when only the available data sets was used. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Jun, I.; Rumaikin, A.; Feyninan, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Swiram, R. T.] SRS Technol, Montrose, CA 91020 USA. [Tylka, A. J.; Dietrich, W. F.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jun, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM insoojun@jpl.nasa.gov RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.019 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400003 ER PT J AU Leisawitz, D Baker, C Barger, A Benford, D Blain, A Boyle, R Broderick, R Budinoff, J Carpenter, J Caverly, R Chen, P Cooley, S Cottinghain, C Crooke, J DiPietro, D DiPirro, M Femiano, M Ferrer, A Fischer, J Gardner, JP Hallock, L Harris, K Hartman, K Harwit, M Hillenbrand, L Hyde, T Jones, D Kellogg, J Kogut, A Kuchner, M Lawson, B Lecha, J Lecha, M Mainzer, A Mannion, J Martino, A Mason, P Mather, J McDonald, G Mills, R Mundy, L Ollendorf, S Pellicciotti, J Quinn, D Rhee, K Rinehart, S Sauerwine, T Silverberg, R Smith, T Stacey, G Stahl, HP Staguhn, J Tompkins, S TveekreM, J Wall, S Wilson, M AF Leisawitz, David Baker, Charles Barger, Amy Benford, Dominic Blain, Andrew Boyle, Rob Broderick, Richard Budinoff, Jason Carpenter, John Caverly, Richard Chen, Phil Cooley, Steve Cottinghain, Christine Crooke, Julie DiPietro, Dave DiPirro, Mike Femiano, Michael Ferrer, Art Fischer, Jacqueline Gardner, Jonathan P. Hallock, Lou Harris, Kenny Hartman, Kate Harwit, Martin Hillenbrand, Lynne Hyde, Tupper Jones, Drew Kellogg, Jim Kogut, Alan Kuchner, Marc Lawson, Bill Lecha, Javier Lecha, Maria Mainzer, Amy Mannion, Jim Martino, Anthony Mason, Paul Mather, John McDonald, Gibran Mills, Rick Mundy, Lee Ollendorf, Stan Pellicciotti, Joe Quinn, Dave Rhee, Kirk Rinehart, Stephen Sauerwine, Tim Silverberg, Robert Smith, Terry Stacey, Gordon Stahl, H. Philip Staguhn, Johannes Tompkins, Steve TveekreM, June Wall, Sheila Wilson, Mark TI The space infrared interferometric telescope (SPIRIT): High-resolution imaging and spectroscopy in the far-infrared SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE infrared; submillimeter; interferometry; infrared detectors; cryogenic optics; origins probe ID ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; DEBRIS DISKS; STAR-FORMATION; SPITZER MIPS; GALAXIES; MISSION; PLANETS; DUST; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE AB We report results of a recently-completed pre-formulation phase study of SPIRIT, a candidate NASA Origins Probe mission. SPIRIT is a spatial and spectral interferometer with an operating wavelength range 25-400 mu m. SPIRIT will provide sub-arcsecond resolution images and spectra with resolution R = 3000 in a 1' field of view to accomplish three primary scientific objectives: (1) learn how planetary systems form from protostellar disks, and how they acquire their inhomogeneous composition; (2) characterize the family of extrasolar planetary systems by imaging the structure in debris disks to understand how and where planets of different types form; and (3) learn how high-redshift galaxies formed and merged to form the present-day population of galaxies. Observations with SPIRIT will be complementary to those of the James Webb Space Telescope and the ground-based Atacama Large Millimeter Array. All three observatories could be operational contemporaneously. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Leisawitz, David; Baker, Charles; Benford, Dominic; Boyle, Rob; Broderick, Richard; Budinoff, Jason; Caverly, Richard; Chen, Phil; Cooley, Steve; Crooke, Julie; DiPietro, Dave; DiPirro, Mike; Femiano, Michael; Ferrer, Art; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Hallock, Lou; Harris, Kenny; Hartman, Kate; Hyde, Tupper; Jones, Drew; Kellogg, Jim; Kogut, Alan; Kuchner, Marc; Lawson, Bill; Lecha, Javier; Lecha, Maria; Mannion, Jim; Martino, Anthony; Mason, Paul; Mather, John; McDonald, Gibran; Mills, Rick; Ollendorf, Stan; Pellicciotti, Joe; Quinn, Dave; Rhee, Kirk; Rinehart, Stephen; Sauerwine, Tim; Silverberg, Robert; Smith, Terry; Tompkins, Steve; TveekreM, June; Wall, Sheila; Wilson, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barger, Amy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Blain, Andrew; Carpenter, John; Hillenbrand, Lynne] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cottinghain, Christine] Lockheed Martin Tech Operat, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Fischer, Jacqueline] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harwit, Martin; Stacey, Gordon] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mainzer, Amy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mundy, Lee] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Staguhn, Johannes] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Leisawitz, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.t.leisawitz@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Kogut, Alan/D-6293-2012; Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; NR 57 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 689 EP 703 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.081 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OR UT WOS:000253589600018 ER PT J AU Hedin, J Gumbel, J Waldemarsson, T Giovane, F AF Hedin, Jonas Gumbel, Joerg Waldemarsson, Tomas Giovane, Frank TI The aerodynamics of the MAGIC meteoric smoke sampler SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; trajectory simulations; meteoric smoke particles; sounding rockets; MAGIC; mesosphere ID MESOSPHERE; DUST; EFFICIENCY AB The detection of nanometre-sized meteoric smoke particles in the Earth's mesosphere and lower thermosphere is difficult. The particles are too small for optical detection and so far only the charged fraction of the particles has been probed by rocket-borne instruments. One way to obtain maximum information about the smoke particles is direct sampling with rocket-borne particle samplers. The MAGIC project (Mesospheric Aerosol - Genesis, Interaction and Composition) aims to quantitatively answer fundamental questions about the properties of smoke in the atmosphere. The first launch of such particle samplers was performed during the MAGIC rocket campaign from Esrange, Sweden, in January 2005. In order to characterise the sampling process, we have performed simulations of the trajectories of nanometre-sized dust particles towards the MAGIC detectors with a new particle motion model. An important feature of this model is the Brownian motion of the particles due to thermal collisions of the gas molecules. As a result, we obtain the detection efficiency for the MAGIC detectors as a function of altitude and particle size. Our simulations confirm that particles of radii down to 0.75 nm impact on the sampling surface with an efficiency exceeding 80% over the entire mesospheric altitude range of interest. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hedin, Jonas; Gumbel, Joerg; Waldemarsson, Tomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Giovane, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hedin, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Svante Arrhenius Vag 12, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM jonash@misu.su.se OI Hedin, Jonas/0000-0001-5338-1538 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 818 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.046 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OS UT WOS:000253589700012 ER PT J AU Schlegel, EM Singh, KP Rana, V Barrett, P AF Schlegel, E. M. Singh, K. P. Rana, V. Barrett, P. TI X-ray line emission from cataclysmic variables SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cataclysmic variables; x-ray lines; grating spectra ID INTERMEDIATE POLARS; ACCRETION; ECLIPSES; REGION AB We discuss the X-ray line emission as observed with the HETG on Chandra of a sample of CV spectra. A portion of the data have been fit with global models by Mukai et al. [Mukai, K. et al. Two types of X-ray spectra in cataclysmic variables. ApJ 586, L77-L80, 2003]; we analyze the same spectra using a line-by-line fit. The results are similar to those reported by Mauche et al. on EX Hya, but additionally cover the other CVs. A broad range of temperatures is indicated based on the H/He-like ratio of O, Mg, S, and Fe. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Schlegel, E. M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Singh, K. P.; Rana, V.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Barrett, P.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schlegel, E. M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Barrett, P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC USA. RP Schlegel, EM (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. EM eschlegel@cfa.harvard.edu; barrett.paul@usno.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.10.024 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OU UT WOS:000253589900021 ER PT J AU Yurchyshyn, V Hu, Q Lepping, RP Lynch, BJ Krall, J AF Yurchyshyn, V. Hu, Q. Lepping, R. P. Lynch, B. J. Krall, J. TI Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; magnetic clouds ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SECTOR STRUCTURE; SOLAR-WIND; MODEL; SUN; EARTH AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME-MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yurchyshyn, V.] Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. [Hu, Q.] Univ Calif Riverside, IGPP, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lepping, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lynch, B. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, PPL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yurchyshyn, V (reprint author), Big Bear Solar Observ, 40386 N Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. EM vayur@bbso.njit.edu RI Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1821 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.059 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OY UT WOS:000253590300007 ER PT S AU Volino, RJ Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Volino, R. J. Schultz, M. P. Flack, K. A. BE Palma, JMLM Lopes, AS TI Turbulent structure in rough and smooth wall boundary layers SO ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XI SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th EUROMECH European Turbulence Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia, Oporto, PORTUGAL HO Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia ID HYPOTHESIS C1 [Volino, R. J.; Flack, K. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, M. P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu; mschultz@usna.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-540-72603-6 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 117 BP 44 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BHA07 UT WOS:000251779600013 ER PT J AU Ogawa, T Oran, ES AF Ogawa, Takanobu Oran, Elaine S. TI Flux-corrected transport algorithms for an adaptively refined Cartesian mesh SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 44th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA, ASME ID EULER EQUATIONS; SOLVER AB The flux-corrected transport algorithm was implemented on an adaptively refined Cartesian mesh. The error at a mesh-refinement boundary, investigated using Fourier analysis, showed low accuracy when a wave moves from a coarse to a fine mesh. This was improved by using a linear interpolation between neighbor cells for evaluating convective fluxes. For extension to multidimensions, the flux-corrected transport limiter was modified to take into account information from all the cells facing a mesh-refinement boundary. A series of computations show that the present method simulates a shock wave passing through a mesh-refinement boundary without causing any unphysical waves. Methods for estimating the gain of adaptive mesh refinement, based on available computer memory or computational time, are discussed. C1 Seikei Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ogawa, T (reprint author), Seikei Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.2514/1.23587 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 130WU UT WOS:000243830500019 ER PT J AU Todd, CS Earhart, KC Botros, BA Khakimov, MM Giyasova, GM Bautista, CT Carr, JK Sanchez, JL AF Todd, C. S. Earhart, K. C. Botros, B. A. Khakimov, M. M. Giyasova, G. M. Bautista, C. T. Carr, J. K. Sanchez, J. L. TI Prevalence and correlates of risky sexual behaviors among injection drug users in Tashkent, Uzbekistan SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CRACK COCAINE; CONDOM USE; PREDICTORS; CALIFORNIA; THAILAND; HISTORY; STATES AB The objective of this paper is to describe prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Participants in this cross-sectional study completed a questionnaire detailing socio-demographic, medical and drug and sexual risk behaviors and HIV antibody testing. Of 701 IDUs surveyed, only 20.5% reported consistent condom use, which was more likely for women. Prior sexually-transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis was reported by 36.2% of participants and was associated with early (<= 18 years) drug initiation, group drug use, being older, higher educational level, marriage, needle sharing, multiple sex partners in the preceding month and daily injection use. Having multiple partners in the preceding month was common (29.71%) and related to employment, consistent condom use with regular partners and STI self-treatment in multivariate logistic regression. Participants with a history of sharing needles were less likely to have had multiple partners in the previous month. Risky sexual behaviors are common and interrelated with risky injection habits among IDUs in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, representing a continued threat of infection with HIV and other blood-borne agents. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Republ Uzbekistan Ctr HIV AIDS Control & Prevent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. US Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance &, Silver Spring, MD USA. Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,0622, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cstodd@ucsd.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01TW007408] NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1080/09540120600852150 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 124JC UT WOS:000243363100018 PM 17129867 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Bavaro, M Hale, B Amling, C Truett, A Brandt, C Pope, B Furtek, K Medina, S Wallace, MR AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Bavaro, Mary Hale, Braden Amling, Christopher Truett, April Brandt, Carolyn Pope, Brandie Furtek, Kari Medina, Sheila Wallace, Mark R. TI Erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism among men with HIV SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY; INFECTED MEN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT; SILDENAFIL USE AB Erectile dysfunction (ED) and hypogonadism are increasingly recognized conditions, however, the prevalence and etiologies of these conditions among HIV-infected men remain unclear. We studied 300 HIV-infected men who completed standardized questionnaires regarding sexual function and hypogonadal symptoms. An early morning testosterone test was performed; patients with a low serum testosterone level ( defined by < 300 ng/dL), underwent additional blood tests to determine the etiology of the hypogonadism. The participants' mean age was 39 years ( range, 19-72); 61% were Caucasian; 24%, African American; 9%, Hispanic; and 5% other. Participants had been HIV-positive for a mean of 9 years ( range, 0.5-20) with a mean CD4 count of 522 cells/mm(3) ( range, 1-1531). Sixty percent were receiving antiretroviral therapy. ED was reported by 61.4%; of those with ED, 32% did not have a rigid enough erection for penetration, and 46% were unable to sustain an erection for the completion of intercourse. In the multivariate analysis, increasing age ( odds ratio [ OR] 1.4 for a 5-year increment, p < 0.001) and depression ( OR 2.64, p < 0.0001) were associated with ED. A higher current CD4 count was protective ( OR 0.80 for each 100 cells/mm(3), p = 0.004). Only 25% of patients with ED had utilized a phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor for treatment. Seventeen percent of the 300 men were hypogonadal; there was no correlation between hypogonadism and ED. Increasing age and a higher body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with hypogonadism, while smoking was negatively associated ( OR 0.44, p = 0.02). All patients with low testosterone had secondary hypogonadism. There was no association between ED or hypogonadism with the current, past, or cumulative use of HIV medications. C1 USN, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Dept Urol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM NFCrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.0071 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 133RT UT WOS:000244031400003 PM 17263654 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral anomaly detection: Beyond RX SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; anomaly detection; algorithm AB The basic multivariate anomaly detector ("the RX algorithm") of Kelly and Reed remains little altered after nearly 30 years and performs reasonably well with hyperspectral imagery. However, better performance can be achieved in spectral applications by recognizing a deficiency in the hypothesis test that generates RX. The problem is commonly associated with the improved performance that results from deleting several high-variance clutter dimensions before applying RX, a procedure not envisioned in the original algorithm. There is, moreover, a better way to enhance detection than simply deleting the offending subspace. Instead of invoking the "additive target" model, one can exploit expected differences in spectral variability between target and background signals in the clutter dimensions. Several methods are discussed for achieving detection gain using this principle. Two of these are based on modifications to the RX hypothesis test. One results in Joint Subspace Detection, the other in an algorithm with a similar form but which does not postulate a clutter subspace. Each of these modifies the RX algorithm to incorporate clutter-dependent weights, including "anti-RX" terms in the clutter subspace. A newer approach is also described, which effects a nonlinear suppression of false alarms that are detected by an RX-type algorithm, employed as a preprocessor. Both techniques rely ultimately on the incorporation of simple spectral phenomenology into the detection process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP COVER1 EP + DI 10.1117/12.718789 PG 17 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300001 ER PT S AU Puetz, AM Olsen, RC Helt, MA AF Puetz, Angela M. Olsen, R. C. Helt, Michael A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Terrain categorization using LIDAR and multi-spectral data SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE LIDAR; multi-spectral; Elkhorn slough; terrain classification AB LIDAR data taken over the Elkhorn Slough region in central California were analyzed for terrain classification. Data were collected on April 12(th), 2005 over a 10 km x 20 km region that is mixed use agriculture and wetlands. LIDAR temporal information (elevation values), intensity of returned light and distribution of point returns (in both vertical and spatial dimensions) were used to distinguish land-cover types. Terrain classification was accomplished using LIDAR data alone, multi-spectral QuickBird data alone and a combination of the two data-types. Results are compared to significant ground truth information. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Puetz, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP U274 EP U279 DI 10.1117/12.719885 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300027 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Allman, E Kershenstein, J Alexa, D AF Schaum, A. Allman, Eric Kershenstein, John Alexa, Drew BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral change detection in high clutter using elliptically contoured distributions SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; algorithm; elliptically contoured distribution; covariance equalization AB A new class of hyperspectral detection algorithm based on elliptically contoured distributions (ECDs) is described. ECDs have been studied previously, but only for modeling the tails of background clutter distributions in order better to approximate constant false alarm performance. Here ECDs are exploited to produce new target detection algorithms with performance no worse than the best prior methods. The ECD model affords two principal advantages over older methods: (1) Its selective decision surface automatically rejects outliers that are not easily modeled, and (2) it has no free parameters needing optimization. A particularly simple version of ECD has been applied to assist in automatic change detection in extreme (unnatural) clutter. The ECD version of change detection can detect low spectral contrast targets that are not easily found by standard methods, even When these use signature. information. Preliminary results indicate, furthermore, that approximate forms of the component algorithms that have been implemented in deployed systems should be avoided. They can substantially degrade detection performance in high-clutter environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP U389 EP U397 DI 10.1117/12.729632 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300037 ER PT J AU Simpkins, CE Montgomery, RA Hawxby, AM Locke, JE Gentry, SE Warren, DS Segev, DL AF Simpkins, C. E. Montgomery, R. A. Hawxby, A. M. Locke, J. E. Gentry, S. E. Warren, D. S. Segev, D. L. TI Cold ischemia time and allograft outcomes in live donor renal transplantation: Is live donor organ transport feasible ? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE donor exchange; live donor renal transplantation; organ shipping; paired donation; paired kidney exchange ID DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION; KIDNEY PAIRED DONATION; RECIPIENTS; REJECTION; PLASMAPHERESIS; SURVIVAL; FAILURE; IMPACT AB One of the greatest obstacles to the implementation of regional or national kidney paired donation programs (KPD) is the need for the donor to travel to their matched recipient's hospital. While transport of the kidney is an attractive alternative, there is concern that prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) would diminish the benefits of live donor transplantation (LDTx). To examine the impact of increased CIT in LDTx, 1-year serum creatinine (SCr), delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR) and allograft survival (AS) were analyzed in 38 467 patients by 2 h CIT groups (0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 h) using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN). Adjusted probabilities of DGF and AR were estimated in multivariate logistic regression models and AS was examined in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Although some increase in DGF was observed between the 0-2 h (4.7%) and 4-6 h (8.3%) groups, prolonged CIT did not result in inferior SCr, increased AR or compromised AS in any group with > 2 h CIT compared with the 0-2 h group. Comparable long-term outcomes for these grafts suggests that transport of live donor organs may be a feasible alternative to donor travel in KPD regions where CIT can be limited to 8 h. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Segev, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dorry@jhmi.edu FU PHS HHS [234-2005-370011C] NR 22 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01597.x PG 9 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 116CF UT WOS:000242779400015 PM 17227561 ER PT S AU Liu, X Metcalf, TH Wang, Q Photiadis, DM AF Liu, Xiao Metcalf, Thomas H. Wang, Qi Photiadis, Douglas M. BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI Elastic properties of several silicon nitride films SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; THIN-FILMS AB We have measured the internal friction (Q(-1)) of amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx) films prepared by a variety of methods, including low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition (LPCVD), plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD), and hot-wire chemical-vapor deposition (HWCVD) from 0.5 K to room temperature. The measurements are made by depositing the films onto extremely high-Q silicon double paddle oscillator substrates with a resonant frequency of similar to 5500 Hz. We find the elastic properties of these a-SiNx films resemble those of amorphous silicon (a-Si) films, demonstrating considerable variation which depends on the film growth methods and post deposition annealing. The internal friction for most of the films shows a broad temperature-independent plateau below 30 K, characteristic of amorphous solids. The values of Q(-1), however, vary from film to film in this plateau region by more than one order of magnitude. This has been observed in tetrehedrally covalent-bonded amorphous thin films, like a-Si, a-Ge, and a-C. The PECVD films have the highest Q(-1) just like a normal amorphous solid, while LPCVD films have an internal friction more than one order of magnitude lower. All the films show a reduction of Q(-1) after annealing at 800 degrees C, even for the LPCVD films which were prepared at 850 degrees C. This can be viewed as a reduction of structural disorder. C1 [Liu, Xiao; Metcalf, Thomas H.; Photiadis, Douglas M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300075 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Yang, Wensha Butler, James E. Russell, John N., Jr. Hamers, Robert J. TI Direct electrical detection of antigen-antibody binding on diamond and silicon substrates using electrical impedance spectroscopy SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BORON-DOPED DIAMOND; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; AFFINITY; BIOSENSORS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODES; SENSORS AB The integration of biological molecules with semiconducting materials such as silicon and diamond has great potential for the development of new types of bioelectronic devices, such as biosensors and bioactuators. We have investigated the electrical properties of the antibody antigen modified diamond and silicon surfaces using electrical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS). Frequency dependent measurements at the open-circuit potential show: ( a) significant changes in impedance at frequency > 10(4) Hz when the surface immobilized IgG was exposed to anti-IgG, and (b) only little or no change when exposed to anti-IgM. Mott-Schottky measurements at high frequency ( 200 kHz) show that the impedance is dominated by the space charge layer of the semiconducting substrates. Silicon surfaces modified in a similar manner to the diamond surface are compared; n-type and p-type samples show complementary behavior, as expected for a field effect. We also show it is possible to directly observe antigen - antibody interaction at a fixed frequency in real time, and with no additional labeling. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 4 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1039/b612201a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 150TJ UT WOS:000245241200003 PM 17554408 ER PT J AU Borowsky, J Collins, GE AF Borowsky, Joseph Collins, Greg E. TI Chemical and biological threat-agent detection using electrophoresis-based lab-on-a-chip devices SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP SEPARATIONS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; ASSAY AB The ability to separate complex mixtures of analytes has made capillary electrophoresis (CE) a powerful analytical tool since its modern configuration was first introduced over 25 years ago. The technique found new utility with its application to the microfluidics based lab-on-a-chip platform (i.e., microchip), which resulted in ever smaller footprints, sample volumes, and analysis times. These features, coupled with the technique's potential for portability, have prompted recent interest in the development of novel analyzers for chemical and biological threat agents. This article will comment on three main areas of microchip CE as applied to the separation and detection of threat agents: detection techniques and their corresponding limits of detection, sampling protocol and preparation time, and system portability. These three areas typify the broad utility of lab-on-a-chip for meeting critical, present-day security, in addition to illustrating areas wherein advances are necessary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 10 BP 958 EP 962 DI 10.1039/b709159a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 213UZ UT WOS:000249693900011 PM 17893797 ER PT J AU Johnson-White, B Lin, BC Ligler, FS AF Johnson-White, Brandy Lin, Baochuan Ligler, Frances S. TI Combination of immunosensor detection with viability testing and confirmation using the polymerase chain reaction and culture SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; CYANINE DYE; BACTERIAL VIABILITY; RAPID ASSESSMENT; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; WHOLE-BLOOD; PCR; IMMUNOASSAY; ANALYTES AB Rapid and accurate differential determination of viable versus nonviable microbes is critical for formulation of an appropriate response after pathogen detection. Sensors for rapid bacterial identification can be used for applications ranging from environmental monitoring and homeland defense to food process monitoring, but few provide viability information. This study combines the rapid screening capability of the array biosensor using an immunoassay format with methods for determination of viability. Additionally, cells captured by the immobilized antibodies can be cultured following fluorescence imaging to further confirm viability and for cell population expansion for further characterization, e.g., strain identification or antibiotic susceptibility testing. Finally, we demonstrate analysis of captured bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR results for waveguide-captured cells were 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the fluorescence immunoassay and can also provide additional genetic information on the captured microbes. These approaches can be used to rapidly detect and distinguish viable versus nonviable and pathogenic versus nonpathogenic captured organisms, provide culture materials for further analysis on a shorter time scale, and assess the efficacy of decontamination or sterilization procedures. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1021/ac061229l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 121FK UT WOS:000243143300022 PM 17194131 ER PT J AU Lassman, ME Rahbar, A Medintz, IL Ligler, FS AF Lassman, Michael E. Rahbar, Amir Medintz, Igor L. Ligler, Frances S. TI Incorporation of (18)oxygen into peptide mixtures and analysis with multi-dimensional chromatography and mass-spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE proteomics; mass spectrometry; LC-MS; O-18 labeling; isotope; peptide; chromatography; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID CATALYZED O-16-TO-O-18 EXCHANGE; COMPARATIVE PROTEOMICS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; YEAST PROTEOME; AFFINITY TAGS; O-18; SPECTROMETRY AB Enzymatic labeling with (18)oxygen has the potential to become a widely applied method of isotope labeling for differential protein expression analysis by mass spectrometry because it is not amino acid specific and the reagents are cost-effective and readily available. In this work, we investigate experimental parameters that affect efficient O-18 incorporation with a model bovine serum albumin protein system and then use optimized chemistries for labeling the c-terminus of peptides in a yeast proteome. Additionally, the role of sample handling, including the use of liquid chromatography was examined. An analytical methodology was developed which demonstrates the application of multi-dimensional chromatography in conjunction with enzymatic labeling. C1 Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1864 EP 1878 DI 10.1080/00032710701384659 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 201WR UT WOS:000248863800003 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Erickson, JS Sapsford, KE Ngundi, MM Shaffer, KM Kulagina, NV Hu, JE Gray, SA Golden, JP Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Sapsford, Kim E. Ngundi, Miriam M. Shaffer, Kara M. Kulagina, Nadezhda V. Hu, Jenny E. Gray, Samuel A., III Golden, Joel P. Ligler, Frances S. Taitt, Chris R. TI Blind laboratory trials for multiple pathogens in spiked food matrices SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE immunosensor; biosensor; salmonella; SEB; pathogen detection ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; RAPID DETECTION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SAMPLES; FOODBORNE; WATER; BACTERIA; SAFETY AB Previously developed assays for Salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were combined into a single multiplexed test and integrated into a fully automated prototype of the NRL Array Biosensor. Tests were performed on 216 blind samples of water, apple juice, and milk spiked with SEB (1-10,000 pg/ml) and S. typhimurium (5 x 10(3)-5 x 10(7) colony-forming units/ml). SEB and S. typhimurium were routinely detected in both water and apple juice at 100 pg/ml and 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units/ml respectively. Inclusion of milk as a sample matrix decreased the sensitivity of the assays by an order of magnitude. C1 [Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Ngundi, Miriam M.; Shaffer, Kara M.; Kulagina, Nadezhda V.; Gray, Samuel A., III; Golden, Joel P.; Ligler, Frances S.; Taitt, Chris R.] Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. [Hu, Jenny E.] Nova Res, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 16-18 BP 3219 EP 3231 DI 10.1080/00032710701672798 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 244QR UT WOS:000251880900020 ER PT J AU Ligler, FS Sapsford, KE Golden, JP Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Dyer, MA Barone, S Myatt, CJ AF Ligler, Frances S. Sapsford, Kim E. Golden, Joel P. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Taitt, Chris R. Dyer, Maureen A. Barone, Salvatore Myatt, Christopher J. TI The array biosensor: Portable, automated systems SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID PLANAR WAVE-GUIDES; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; MICROARRAY IMMUNOASSAY; CHOLERA-TOXIN; FOOD SAMPLES; FLUORESCENCE; ANALYTES; BINDING; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANTIBODIES AB With recent advances in surface chemistry, microfluidics, and data analysis, there are ever increasing reports of array-based methods for detecting and quantifying multiple targets. However, only a few systems have been described that require minimal preparation of complex samples and possess a means of quantitatively assessing matrix effects. The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the goal of rapid and sensitive detection of multiple targets from multiple samples analyzed simultaneously. A key characteristic of this system is its two-dimensional configuration, which allows controls and standards to be analyzed in parallel with unknowns. Although the majority of our work has focused on instrument automation and immunoassay development, we have recently initiated efforts to utilize alternative recognition molecules, such as peptides and sugars, for detection of a wider variety of targets. The array biosensor has demonstrated utility for a variety of applications, including food safety, disease diagnosis, monitoring immune response, and homeland security, and is presently being transitioned to the commercial sector for manufacturing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Hanson Technol, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. Constellat Technol Corp, Largo, FL 33777 USA. Precis Photon Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Frances.Ligler@nrl.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R43AI068543-01]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000680] NR 45 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 55 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.2116/analsci.23.5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 125RB UT WOS:000243458800003 PM 17213615 ER PT J AU Hansen, CJ Russell, KL Smith, TC Neville, JS Krauss, MR Ryan, MAK AF Hansen, Christian J. Russell, Kevin L. Smith, Tyler C. Neville, James S. Krauss, Margot R. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Asthma hospitalizations among US military personnel, 1994 to 2004 SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; THERAPY; TRENDS; IMPACT; ADULTS; CARE AB Background: Acute asthma attacks strike unpredictably and may lead to hospitalization in otherwise healthy individuals. The burden of asthma hospitalization on the US health care system has greatly interested health care workers, many of whom see the incidence of asthma as increasing. Objectives: To examine the annual incidence of hospitalization and the frequency of subsequent hospitalization for asthma among all active-duty US military personnel between 1994 and 2004 and to determine demographic and occupational risk factors of asthma hospitalization within this generally healthy US population. Methods: Annual demographic and occupational data were combined with electronic hospitalization records for patients with a discharge diagnosis of asthma. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors investigated demographic and occupational risk factors for asthma hospitalization. Results: Women, married persons, health care workers, enlisted personnel, US Army personnel, and older persons were found to have a significantly greater risk of asthma hospitalization. Yearly rates of hospitalization declined from 22.3 per 100,000 persons to 12.6 per 100,000 persons between 1994 and 2004. Conclusions: Although these data have some limitations, they suggest that the burden of asthma hospitalizations in the large, healthy population of US military personnel has declined during the last decade. The decrease in hospitalization potentially reflects improved outpatient management strategies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Air Force Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hansen, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Hansen@nhrc.navy.mil NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 124TV UT WOS:000243393700006 PM 17225718 ER PT S AU Johnson-White, B Harmon, HJ AF Johnson-White, Brandy Harmon, H. James BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Optical Enzyme-Based Sensors for Reagentless Detection of Chemical Analytes SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS; SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; LESS DETECTION; BIOSENSOR; PESTICIDES; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; HYDROLASE AB As reversible, competitive inhibitors of enzymes, porphyrins can be used for identification and quantification of a substrate or other competitive inhibitors of enzymes. This approach has been successful in the development of cholinesterase and organophosphorus hydrolase bearing glass surfaces for the detection of substrates and inhibitors, including organophosphate compounds. The technique has demonstrated detection limits for sarin (GB) below the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health levels indicated by CDC/NIOSH. C1 [Johnson-White, Brandy] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson-White, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch004 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300004 ER PT S AU Houser, EJ Simonson, DL Stepnowski, JL Papantonakis, MR Ross, SK Stepnowski, SV Snow, ES Perkins, KF Bryant, C LaPuma, P Hook, G McGill, RA AF Houser, Eric J. Simonson, Duane L. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. Papantonakis, Mike R. Ross, Stuart K. Stepnowski, Stanley V. Snow, Eric S. Perkins, Keith F. Bryant, Chet LaPuma, Peter Hook, Gary McGill, R. Andrew BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Design of Sorbent Hydrogen Bond Acidic Polycarbosilanes for Chemical Sensor Applications SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; NAPHTHALENE; SUBSTITUTION; COATINGS; KETONES AB New hydrogen bond acidic polycarbosilanes have been developed for chemical sensing applications. The sorptive properties of the functionalized polycarbosilanes have been evaluated on a number of chemical sensing platforms including surface acoustic wave resonators, single wall carbon nanotube sensors and ail Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer. The hydrogen bond acidic nature of the polymers makes them highly sorbent toward basic vapors such as organophosphonates and polynitroaromatics. C1 [Houser, Eric J.; Simonson, Duane L.; Papantonakis, Mike R.; Stepnowski, Stanley V.; Snow, Eric S.; Perkins, Keith F.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Houser, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch005 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300005 ER PT S AU Lawson, GE Singh, A AF Lawson, Glenn E. Singh, Alok BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Ultrastable Nanocapsules from Headgroup Polymerizable Divinylbenzamide Phosphoethanolamine SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID STABILIZED LIPOSOMES; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; LIPID VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; MEMBRANES; NANOREACTORS; DELIVERY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; BILAYER AB Ultrastable nanocapsules have been produced by cross-linking a divinyl-benzamide phospholipid in the headgroup region. Based on (1)H NMR analysis, the cross-linking is complete in 5 min at room temperature. Freeze-drying the cross-linked vesicles produces a white powder which can be redispersed in water at room temperature. TEM analysis showed that the cross-linked vesicles were smooth, spherical, unilamellar, and of comparable size to the non-cross-linked vesicles. The robustness of the cross-linked vesicles was determined by subjecting the freeze-dried material to a series of treatments in aprotic, and protic organic solvents. Subsequent to treatment, TEM micrographs showed vesicles comparable in size and shape to the cross-linked vesicles. The chain melting behavior of the non-cross-linked phospholipids were 37.5 degrees C for non-cross-linked DPPE-DVBA, 29.4 degrees C for cross-linked DPPE-DVBA, 20.3 degrees C for non-cross-linked DLPE-DVBA and 13.9 degrees C for cross-linked DLPE-DVBA. The cooling phase transition for the non-cross-linked DPPE-DVBA was 32.8 degrees C and 25.9 degrees C for cross-linked DPPE-DVBA. Percent leakage of the water soluble dye carboxyfluorescein was determined for both the non-cross-linked and cross-linked DPPE-DVBA vesicles. The hydrophobic visible dye oil red-O was encapsulated in the vesicles after cross-linking and freeze-drying. Encapsulation was performed 20 degrees C above and below the phase transition of DPPE-DVBA phospholipid. The percentage of oil red-O encapsulated at 10 degrees C was 15% and the percentage oil red-O encapsulated at 55 degrees C was 17%, based on the starting weight of the oil red-O dye. C1 [Lawson, Glenn E.] USN, Surface Warfare Div, Chem & Biol Def Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Lawson, GE (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Div, Chem & Biol Def Ctr, Bldg 1480, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 210 EP 232 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch013 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300013 ER PT S AU Chan, RR Sudhoff, SD Lee, Y Zivi, EL AF Chan, R. R. Sudhoff, S. D. Lee, Y. Zivi, E. L. GP IEEE TI Evolutionary optimization of power electronics based power systems SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper sets forth and demonstrates an approach to the design of power electronics based power systems using evolutionary computing techniques. Key features of the paper are the use of evolutionary computing in the context of conventional control design and the use of multi-objective evolutionary computing in the selection of control parameters based on system performance versus control effort. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a power electronics based power distribution system similar to those being designed for next generation warships. C1 [Chan, R. R.; Sudhoff, S. D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Lee, Y.; Zivi, E. L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chan, RR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 449 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357552 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100065 ER PT S AU Salem, TE Urciuoh, DP Lubomirsky, V Ovrebo, GK AF Salem, T. E. Urciuoh, D. P. Lubomirsky, V. Ovrebo, G. K. GP IEEE TI Design considerations for high power enductors in DC-DC converters SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB The demand for high density power conversion systems has led to numerous material developments for passive circuit components. Typically, these innovations improve thermal capabilities, enable higher switching frequencies, and increase component efficiency. For inductors, research has focused on formulating low-loss core materials such as distributed gap and nanocrystalline alloy materials that can be manufactured in appropriate core geometries. This paper presents a discussion of design trade-offs for core and winding implementations using these materials. Empirical results for power loss as well as temperature rise based on thermal management are presented for both distributed gap and nanocyrstalline alloy cores used in a high power DC-DC converter. C1 [Salem, T. E.] USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21042 USA. [Urciuoh, D. P.; Ovrebo, G. K.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Lubomirsky, V.] Berkley Res Assoc, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21042 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 1258 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357676 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100188 ER PT S AU Hou, W Weidemann, AD Gray, DJ AF Hou, Weilin Weidemann, Alan D. Gray, Deric J. BE Tescher, AG TI Imagery-derived modulation transfer function and its applications for underwater imaging - art. no. 669622 SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXX CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE image restoration; ocean optics; polarization; MCM; MTF AB The main challenge working with underwater imagery results from both rapid decay of signals due to absorption, which leads to poor signal to noise returns, and the blurring caused by strong scattering by the water itself and constituents within, especially particulates. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of an optical system gives the detailed and precise information regarding the system behavior. Underwater imageries can be better restored with the knowledge of the system MTF or the point spread function (PSF), the Fourier transformed equivalent, extending the performance range as well as the information retrieval from underwater electro-optical system. This is critical in many civilian and military applications, including target and especially mine detection, search and rescue, and diver visibility. This effort utilizes test imageries obtained by the Laser Underwater Camera Imaging Enhancer (LUCIE) from Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC), during an April-May 2006 trial experiment in Panama City, Florida. Imaging of a standard resolution chart with various spatial frequencies were taken underwater in a controlled optical environment, at varying distances. In-water optical properties during the experiment were measured, which included the absorption and attenuation coefficients, particle size distribution, and volume scattering function. Resulting images were preprocessed to enhance signal to noise ratio by averaging multiple frames, and to remove uneven illumination at target plane. The MTF of the medium was then derived from measurement of above imageries, subtracting the effect of the camera system. PSFs converted from the measured MTF were then used to restore the blurred imageries by different deconvolution methods. The effects of polarization from source to receiver on resulting MTFs were examined and we demonstrate that matching polarizations do enhance system transfer functions. This approach also shows promise in deriving medium optical properties including absorption and attenuation. C1 [Hou, Weilin; Weidemann, Alan D.; Gray, Deric J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7333 Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6844-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6696 BP 69622 EP 69622 DI 10.1117/12.734953 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHC84 UT WOS:000252226000065 ER PT J AU Mehay, S Webb, NJ AF Mehay, Stephen Webb, Natalie J. TI Workplace drug prevention programs: does zero tolerance work? SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; ILLICIT DRUG; ALCOHOL; ABUSE AB Current drug policy in the US military mandates frequent random drug testing of service members and dismissal of those who test positive for illegal drugs. This article analyses the economic costs and benefits of this zero tolerance policy as applied in the US Navy. Program effects consist of the actual number of detected users and the predicted number of deterred potential users. Productivity losses imposed by drug users are based on reported annual workdays lost due to drug use in the Navy. The productivity losses avoided by deterring and detecting users constitute program benefits. Program costs include the cost of replacing service members who are dismissed under the zero tolerance policy. Net benefits are sensitive to three key parameters - the deterrence effect, replacement cost, and productivity losses due to drug use. The results show that net benefits are negative for most plausible values of the key parameters. C1 [Webb, Natalie J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mehay, Stephen] USN, Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Webb, NJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM njwebb@nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 21 BP 2743 EP 2751 DI 10.1080/00036840600749532 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 264CU UT WOS:000253263900007 ER PT J AU Yu, YH Chen, LE Sun, FR Wu, C AF Yu, Youhong Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Neural-network based analysis and prediction of a compressor's characteristic performance map SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE compressor; characteristic map; neural-network; performance prediction ID GAS-TURBINE DIAGNOSTICS; OPTIMIZATION; ENGINE AB The difficulties, due to a lack of information about stage-by-stage axial-compressor performance, are analyzed. To overcome these issues, a three-layer back-propagation neural-network applied Leven berg-Marquardt algorithm is presented and discussed. The experimental data provided by manufacturers are used for the neural-network training. Through twice training, the compressor's performance map can be predicted. The results can be used for the development of an off-design model or overall dynamic simulation of the behaviour of a gas-turbine power-plant. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LE (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.04.005 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 098QS UT WOS:000241538500005 ER PT J AU Xia, D Chen, LE Sun, FR Wu, C AF Xia, Dan Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Endoreversible four-reservoir chemical pump SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; four-reservoir chemical pump; finite-rate mass transfer; coefficient of performance; rate of energy pumping; generalized thermodynamic-optimization ID GENERAL PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; ABSORPTION HEAT-PUMP; ENGINES; OPTIMIZATION; MINIMIZATION AB A new cyclic model for the behaviour of a four-reservoir endoreversible chemical pump is proposed. The optimal relation between the coefficient of performance and the rate of energy pumping is derived by using finite-time thermodynamics or thermodynamic optimization. The optimal times of the four mass-transfer processes are also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cyclic parameters on the coefficient of performance and the rate of energy pumping are studied by detailed numerical examples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LE (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.04.004 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 098QS UT WOS:000241538500006 ER PT J AU Chen, LE Zhu, XQ Sun, F Wu, C AF Chen, Lingen Zhu Xiaoqin Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Exergy-based ecological optimization for a generalized irreversible Carnot heat-pump SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; heat-pump; irreversible cycle; heat-resistance; heat leakage; internal irreversibility; ecological optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE; THERMAL CYCLES; TRANSFER LAW; ENGINES; REFRIGERATORS; COEFFICIENT; SYSTEMS; CRITERION AB The optimal exergy-based ecological performance of a Newton's law generalized irreversible Carnot heat-pump, with losses due to heat-resistance, heat leak and internal irreversibility, is derived by taking into account an ecological optimization criterion as the objective function. This consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the exergy-output rate and exergy-loss rate (i.e. entropy-production rate) of the heat-pump. Numerical examples are given to show the effects of heat leakage and internal irreversibility on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat-pump. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Tech Normal Coll, Changzhou 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LE (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 51 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.04.003 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 098QS UT WOS:000241538500008 ER PT J AU Mahadik, NA Qadri, SB Rao, MV Yesinowski, JP AF Mahadik, N. A. Qadri, S. B. Rao, M. V. Yesinowski, J. P. TI Depth-resolved X-ray determination of surface strain in free-standing films of HVPE-grown GaN and Ga-71 NMR characterization SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; MAS-NMR AB Free-standing GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on c-plane sapphire have been studied for in-plane anisotropic strain. Lattice parameters are obtained from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data and the film quality is determined by measuring the rocking curves and by Ga-71 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in-plane strain was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and conventional X-ray measurements. It is found that the in-plane lattice parameter varies with depth and has estimated surface strain anisotropy of 4.0791x10(-3) up to a thickness of 0.3 mu m. The Ga-71 NMR experiments reveal different degrees of inhomogeneity amongst the three samples. This is shown by the appearance of an additional broad central-transition peak shifted to higher frequency by a Knight shift from conduction electrons in sample regions having high carrier concentrations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s00339-006-3726-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 105EV UT WOS:000242013700010 ER PT J AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE Ladner, R AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick E. Ladner, Roy TI Spatial data methods and vague regions: A rough set approach SO APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE rough sets; spatial data; uncertainty; vague regions ID BROAD BOUNDARY; INFORMATION; INTEGRATION; OBJECTS; CHAIN AB Uncertainty management has been considered essential for real world applications, and spatial data and geographic information systems in particular require some means for managing uncertainty and vagueness. Rough sets have been shown to be an effective tool for data mining and uncertainty management in databases. The 9-intersection, region connection calculus (RCC) and egg-yolk methods have proven useful for modeling topological relations in spatial data. In this paper, we apply rough set definitions for topological relationships based on the 9-intersection, RCC and egg-yolk models for objects with broad boundaries. We show that rough sets can be used to express and improve on topological relationships and concepts defined with these models. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; rladner@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 50 TC 10 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-4946 EI 1872-9681 J9 APPL SOFT COMPUT JI Appl. Soft. Comput. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 425 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.asoc.2004.11.003 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 106TF UT WOS:000242123500032 ER PT J AU Malone, EF Paik, CM AF Malone, Eloise Forgette Paik, Chie Matsuzawa TI Value priorities of Japanese and American service academy students SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE values; service academies; military culture ID WEST-POINT CADETS; MILITARY ACADEMIES; SELF; CULTURE AB The exceptional demands placed upon military organizations throughout the world today render comparative analysis of military culture and values important, particularly as defense policies become increasingly integrative and cooperative to combat global terrorism. Using an instrument designed to prioritize value orientations, this study examines value priorities of prospective officers at Japanese and American military academies. Findings suggest that Japanese students are more individualistic and self-directed and American Students more benevolent and traditional than popular conceptions suggest. The study discusses the findings within the social and cultural contexts of the service academies and societies at large. The article also discusses the implications for military relations with their civil society and with each other. C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Language Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Malone, EF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Stop 10E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM malone@usna.edu; chiepaik@usna.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1177/0095327X06287054 PG 17 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 135SM UT WOS:000244173300002 ER PT J AU Hall, C Malkevich, N Handrigan, M VanderMolen, C Aranaud, F Hong, J Dong, F Rice, J Philbin, N Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D McGwin, G Flournoy, WS Pearce, LB AF Hall, C. Malkevich, N. Handrigan, M. VanderMolen, C. Aranaud, F. Hong, J. Dong, F. Rice, J. Philbin, N. Ahlers, S. McCarron, R. Freilich, D. McGwin, G. Flournoy, W. S. Pearce, L. Bruce TI Innate immune responses in swine resuscitated from severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesion markers; apoptosis; Cytokines; HBOC-201; hemorrhagic; shock; Hextend; resuscitation; trauma ID BOVINE POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; DELAYED EVACUATION; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; INJURED PATIENTS; HETASTARCH HEX; LIVER-INJURY; HBOC-201; MODEL; INTERLEUKIN-10; APOPTOSIS AB Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 transports oxygen and improves survival in swine with hemorrhagic shock, but has potential to be immune activating. Herein, we evaluated HBOC-201's immune effects in swine with more severe hemorrhagic shock due to soft tissue injury and 55% blood volume catheter withdrawal over 15 minutes followed by fluid resuscitation at 20 minutes with HBOC-201, Hextend, or no treatment (NON) before hospital arrival. Survival rates were similar with HBOC-201 and Hextend (P > 0.05), but were higher than in (p = 0.007). There were no significant group differences in blood cell count, percentages of leukocytesub-populations and immunophenotype (CD4:CD8 ratio), adhesion markers expression (neutrophil CD11b; monocyte or neutrophil CD49d) and apoptosis. There was a trend to higher plasma IL-10 in HBOC-201 and groups vs. Hextend. We conclude that in swine with severe controlled HS and soft tissue injury, immune responses are similar with resuscitation with HBOC-201 and Hextend. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Alabama, Epidemiol Unit, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Hall, C (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Biotechnol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1080/10731190701378568 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 185QT UT WOS:000247726200001 PM 17573626 ER PT J AU Lavoy, PR AF Lavoy, Peter R. TI India in 2006 - A new emphasis on engagement SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article DE India; nuclear weapons; energy security AB India took important steps in 2006 to develop its economy and improve its standing abroad. Strengthening its strategic partnership with the United States, while at the same time maintaining positive relations with China, was a particularly important achievement. Increased attention to energy security has driven India to reach out to countries well beyond its borders. For the first time in India's history, New Delhi appears comfortable using the military and diplomatic tools that great powers have used throughout history. C1 Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lavoy, PR (reprint author), Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. EM plavoy@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1525/as.2007.47.1.113 PG 12 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 150VI UT WOS:000245247300014 ER PT S AU Amerault, C Zou, XL Doyle, J AF Amerault, Clark Zou, Xiaolei Doyle, James BE Zou, X Barker, D LeDimet, FX TI Mesoscale assimilation of rain-affected observations - art. no. 66850G SO ASSIMILATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND IN SITU DATA IN MODERN NUMERICAL WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION MODELS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference Assimilation of Remote Sensing and in Situ Data in Modern Numerical Weather and Environmental Prediction Models CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adjoint; data assimilation; hydrometeor; microwave radiance ID MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; CONVECTIVE STORM; CLOUD MODEL; PART II; PREDICTION; ADJOINT; SCHEME; INITIALIZATION; SIMULATION; CYCLONES AB Important issues involving the assimilation of rain-affected observations using an adjoint mesoscale modeling system are addressed in this study. The adjoint model of the explicit moist physics parameterization is included in the modeling system, which allows for the calculation of gradients with respect to the initial hydrometeor concentrations (cloud water/ice, rain, snow, and graupel). Cloud-scale idealized four dimensional variational data assimilation experiments demonstrate the benefit of assimilating precipitation information and the ability of the adjoint model to produce useful gradients with respect to the hydrometeor fields. The agreement between model fields and observations is greater (especially for the early forecast hydrometeor fields) when rainy observations are incorporated into the assimilation process versus only assimilating conventional model data (windspeeds, temperature, pressure). Additional data assimilation experiments are conducted with microwave radiances. These data improve the initial precipitation structure of a tropical cyclone. These experiments are promising steps for the incorporation of rain-affected observations in operational data assimilation systems. C1 [Amerault, Clark; Doyle, James] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Amerault, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6833-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6685 BP G6850 EP G6850 DI 10.1117/12.740508 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ33 UT WOS:000251486900008 ER PT J AU Rosa-Gonzalez, D Schmitt, HR Terlevich, E Terlevich, R AF Rosa-Gonzalez, D. Schmitt, H. R. Terlevich, E. Terlevich, R. TI Thermal emission from HII galaxies: Discovering the youngest systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; radio continuum : galaxies ID SUPER-STAR-CLUSTERS; H-II REGIONS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HENIZE 2-10; NGC 5253; STARBURST GALAXIES; FORMATION HISTORY; FORMING GALAXIES; RADIO PROPERTIES; NEARBY GALAXIES AB We studied the properties of very young massive star-forming regions in H II galaxies, with the aim of detecting signs of evolution where the first supernovae (SNe) start to appear. Our sample consists of 31 H II galaxies, characterized by strong hydrogen emission lines, for which low-resolution VLA 3.5 and 6 cm observations were obtained. We found that the radio spectral energy distribution ( SED) has a range of behaviors: galaxies where the SED is characterized by a synchrotron-type slope; galaxies with a thermal slope; and galaxies with possible free-free absorption at long wavelengths. The latter represent a signature of heavily embedded massive star clusters. Comparing the different star formation rates (SFRs), we find that SFR(H alpha) is on average significantly higher than SFR( 1.4 GHz). We confirm this tendency by comparing the ratio of the observed flux at 20 cm to the expected one, calculated based on the SFR H alpha, both for the galaxies in our sample and for normal ones. We show that this ratio is a factor of 2 smaller in our galaxies than in normal ones, indicating that they do not follow the FIR/radio correlation (q-parameter). These results suggest that the emission of these galaxies is dominated by a recent star-forming event in which the first SNe started to explode, consistent with the radio emission being dominated by free-free continuum. We propose an evolutionary scenario to explain the observed trends and conclude that the systematic lack of synchrotron emission in those systems with the largest equivalent width of H beta can only be explained if those are young starbursts of less than 3.5 Myr of age, i.e., before the first Type II SNe start to explode. C1 Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA USA. RP Rosa-Gonzalez, D (reprint author), Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico. EM danrosa@inaoep.mx; henrique.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil; eterlevi@inaoep.mx; rjt@inaoep.mx NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 226 EP 239 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800015 ER PT J AU Becker, PA Wolff, MT AF Becker, Peter A. Wolff, Michael T. TI Thermal and bulk comptonization in accretion-powered X-ray pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : analytical; pulsars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; shock waves; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD; RADIATION-DOMINATED SHOCK; CYCLOTRON LINE FORMATION; 0.1-100 KEV SPECTRUM; NEUTRON-STARS; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; FERMI ACCELERATION; PHASE SPECTROSCOPY; CENTAURUS X-3 AB We develop a new theoretical model for the spectral formation process in accretion-powered X-ray pulsars based on a detailed treatment of the bulk and thermal Comptonization occurring in the accreting, shocked gas. A rigorous eigenfunction expansion method is employed to obtain the analytical solution for the Green's function describing the scattering of radiation injected into the column from a monochromatic source located at an arbitrary height above the stellar surface. The emergent spectrum is calculated by convolving the Green's function with source terms corresponding to bremsstrahlung, cyclotron, and blackbody emission. The energization of the photons in the shock, combined with cyclotron absorption, naturally produces an X-ray spectrum with a relatively flat continuum shape and a high-energy quasi-exponential cutoff. We demonstrate that the new theory successfully reproduces the phase-averaged spectra of the bright pulsars Her X-1, LMC X-4, and Cen X-3. In these luminous sources, it is shown that the emergent spectra are dominated by Comptonized bremsstrahlung emission. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Becker, PA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pbecker@gmu.edu; michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil NR 56 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 435 EP 457 DI 10.1086/509108 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800031 ER PT J AU Ghavamian, P Laming, JM Rakowski, CE AF Ghavamian, Parviz Laming, J. Martin Rakowski, Cara E. TI A physical relationship between electron-proton temperature equilibration and Mach number in fast collisionless shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; plasmas; shock waves; supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; TYCHOS SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; CYGNUS LOOP; CASSIOPEIA-A; NONLINEAR AMPLIFICATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION AB The analysis of Balmer-dominated optical spectra from nonradiative ( adiabatic) SNRs has shown that the ratio of the electron to proton temperature at the blast wave is close to unity at v(s) less than or similar to 400 km s(-1) but declines sharply down to the minimum value of m(e)/m(p) dictated by the jump conditions at shock speeds exceeding 2000 km s(-1). We propose a physical model for the heating of electrons and ions in non-cosmic-ray - dominated, strong shocks (v(s) > 400 km s(-1)) wherein the electrons are heated by lower hybrid waves immediately ahead of the shock front. These waves arise naturally from the cosmic ray pressure gradient upstream from the shock. Our model predicts a nearly constant level of electron heating over a wide range of shock speeds, producing a relationship (T-e/T-p)(o) proportional to v(s)(-2) (infinity M-2) that is fully consistent with the observations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ghavamian, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM parviz@pha.jhu.edu; laming@nrl.navy.mil; crakowski@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP L69 EP L72 DI 10.1086/510740 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JM UT WOS:000243222200018 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Kozlovsky, B Share, GH Hua, XM Lingenfelter, RE AF Murphy, R. J. Kozlovsky, Benzion Share, G. H. Hua, X. -M. Lingenfelter, R. E. TI Using gamma-ray and neutron emission to determine solar flare accelerated particle spectra and composition and the conditions within the flare magnetic loop SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID CROSS-SECTIONS RELEVANT; 1991 JUNE; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; CORONAL ABUNDANCES; NE/O ABUNDANCE; LINE EMISSION; HEAVY-IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE; EVENTS AB The measurable quantities associated with gamma-ray and neutron observations of solar flares are nuclear-deexcitation line shapes, shifts, fluences, and time histories; neutron capture and annihilation line fluences and time histories; and energy-dependent escaping neutron fluence and time history. A comprehensive understanding of these quantities requires a model for ion acceleration, transport, and interaction. In this paper we address transport and interaction using a magnetic loop model that includes energy losses due to Coulomb collisions, removal by nuclear reactions, magnetic mirroring in the convergent flux tube, and MHD pitch-angle scattering in the corona. The accelerated ions are assumed to have a given kinetic energy spectrum and composition. Each measurable quantity depends to varying degree on the parameters of the loop model and of the accelerated ions. We explore these dependences in detail and construct a self-consistent approach to the analysis of high-energy flare data that provides an optimum set of parameters with meaningful uncertainties. To illustrate this approach, the calculations are applied in a comprehensive analysis of the gamma-ray and neutron observations of the 1991 June 4 solar flare obtained with OSSE on CGRO. We find that the loop model can account for these observations with physically reasonable values for the parameters. In addition, our analysis of the neutron data shows that the accelerated ion spectrum for this flare was not an unbroken power law but had to steepen sharply above similar to 125 MeV nucleon(-1). The paper also provides yields and yield ratios calculated with assumed abundances and spectral forms currently considered appropriate for solar flares. They can be used by other researchers analyzing high-energy solar flare data. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Analytics Corp, L3 Commun, Largo, MD USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM murphy@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 66 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1 BP 167 EP 194 DI 10.1086/509637 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124RI UT WOS:000243387200007 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. TI High-energy cosmology - gamma Rays and neutrinos from beyond the galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Multi-Messenger Approach to High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources/3rd Workshop of the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE gamma-ray bursts; clusters of galaxies; starburst galaxies; blazars; microquasars ID AREA-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; EMISSION; CLUSTERS; MICROQUASAR; DISCOVERY; NGC-253 AB Our knowledge of the high-energy universe is undergoing a period of rapid change as new astronomical detectors of high-energy radiation start to operate at their design sensitivities. Now is a boorntime for high-energy astrophysics, with new discoveries from Swift and HESS, results from MAGIC and VERITAS starting to be reported, the upcoming launches of the gamma-ray space telescopes GLAST and AGILE, and anticipated data releases from IceCube and Auger. A formalism for calculating statistical properties of cosmological gamma-ray sources is presented. Application is made to model calculations of the statistical distributions of gamma-ray and neutrino emission from (i) beamed sources, specifically, long-duration GRBs, blazars, and extragalactic microquasars, and (ii) unbeamed sources, including normal galaxies, starburst galaxies and clusters. Expressions for the integrated intensities of faint beamed and unbeamed high-energy radiation sources are also derived. A toy model for the background intensity of radiation from dark-matter annihilation taking place in the early universe is constructed. Estimates for the gamma-ray fluxes of local group galaxies, starburst, and infrared luminous galaxies are briefly reviewed. Because the brightest extragalactic gamma-ray sources are flaring sources, and these are the best targets for sources of PeV-EeV neutrinos and ultra-high energy cosmic rays, rapidly slewing all-sky telescopes like MAGIC and an all-sky gamma-ray observatory beyond Milagro will be crucial for optimal science return in the multi-messenger age. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2007 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9417-8 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194IR UT WOS:000248338600020 ER PT J AU Reimer, O Michelson, PF Cameron, RA Digel, SW Thompson, DJ Wood, KS AF Reimer, O. Michelson, P. F. Cameron, R. A. Digel, S. W. Thompson, D. J. Wood, K. S. TI GLAST large area telescope multiwavelength planning SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Multi-Messenger Approach to High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources/3rd Workshop of the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE gamma rays; multiwavelength; observatories ID GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOURCE 3EG; IDENTIFICATION; J1835+5918 AB Gamma-ray astrophysics depends in many ways on multiwavelength studies. The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) Collaboration has started multiwavelength planning well before the scheduled 2007 launch of the observatory. Some of the high-priority multiwavelength needs include: (1) availability of contemporaneous radio and X-ray timing of pulsars; (2) expansion of blazar catalogs, including redshift measurements; (3) improved observations of molecular clouds, especially at high galactic latitudes; (4) simultaneous broad-band blazar monitoring; (5) characterization of gamma-ray transients, including gamma ray bursts; (6) radio, optical, X-ray and TeV counterpart searches for reliable and effective sources identification and characterization. Several of these activities are needed to be in place before launch. C1 Stanford Univ, HEPL, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reimer, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, HEPL, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM olr@stanford.edu RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2007 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 523 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9474-z PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194IR UT WOS:000248338600078 ER PT J AU Daerden, F Larsen, N Chabrillat, S Errera, Q Bonjean, S Fonteyn, D Hoppel, K Fromm, M AF Daerden, F. Larsen, N. Chabrillat, S. Errera, Q. Bonjean, S. Fonteyn, D. Hoppel, K. Fromm, M. TI A 3D-CTM with detailed online PSC-microphysics: analysis of the Antarctic winter 2003 by comparison with satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ACID TRIHYDRATE NAT; ARCTIC DENITRIFICATION; OZONE DEPLETION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; MIPAS; NUCLEATION AB We present the first detailed microphysical simulations which are performed online within the framework of a global 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) with full chemistry. The model describes the formation and evolution of four types of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. Aerosol freezing and other relevant microphysical processes are treated in a full explicit way. Each particle type is described by a binned size distribution for the number density and chemical composition. This set-up allows for an accurate treatment of sedimentation and for detailed calculation of surface area densities and optical properties. Simulations are presented for the Antarctic winter of 2003 and comparisons are made to a diverse set of satellite observations ( optical and chemical measurements of POAM III and MIPAS) to illustrate the capabilities of the model. This study shows that a combined resolution approach where microphysical processes are simulated in coarse-grained conditions gives good results for PSC formation and its large-scale effect on the chemical environment through processes such as denitrification, dehydration and ozone loss. C1 Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Belgian Fed Sci Policy, Brussels, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daerden, F (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM frank.daerden@aeronomie.be RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Larsen, Niels/G-3145-2014; OI Daerden, Frank/0000-0001-7433-1839 NR 69 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1755 EP 1772 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 157UV UT WOS:000245747800005 ER PT J AU Alfred, J Fromm, M Bevilacqua, R Nedoluha, G Strawa, A Poole, L Wickert, J AF Alfred, J. Fromm, M. Bevilacqua, R. Nedoluha, G. Strawa, A. Poole, L. Wickert, J. TI Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III and SAGE III during the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL campaign in the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; OZONE; VALIDATION; DENITRIFICATION; PARTICLES; MIPAS AB The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment instruments both observed high numbers of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the polar region during the second SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation (SOLVE II) and Validation of INTERnational Satellites and Study of Ozone Loss (VINTERSOL) campaign, conducted during the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter. Between 15 November 2002 (14 November 2002) and 18 March 2003 (21 March 2003) SAGE (POAM) observed 122 (151) aerosol extinction profiles containing PSCs. PSCs were observed on an almost daily basis, from early December through 15 January, in both instruments. No PSCs were observed from either instrument from 15 January until 4 February, and from then only sparingly in three periods in mid- and late February and mid- March. In early December, PSCs were observed in the potential temperature range from roughly 375 K to 750 K. Throughout December the top of this range decreases to near 600 K. In February and March, PSC observations were primarily constrained to potential temperatures below 500 K. The PSC observation frequency as a function of ambient temperature relative to the nitric acid-trihydrate saturation point (using a nitric acid profile prior to denitrification) was used to infer irreversible denitrification. By late December 38% denitrification was inferred at both the 400-475 K and 475-550 K potential temperature ranges. By early January extensive levels of denitrification near 80% were inferred at both potential temperature ranges, and the air remained denitrified at least through early March. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Phys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Dept Geodesy & Remote Sensing, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Alfred, J (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. EM alfred@cpi.com RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Wickert, Jens/A-7257-2013 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2151 EP 2163 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MP UT WOS:000246456100001 ER PT J AU Coy, L Allen, DR Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Stajner, I Hogan, TF AF Coy, L. Allen, D. R. Eckermann, S. D. McCormack, J. P. Stajner, I. Hogan, T. F. TI Effects of model chemistry and data biases on stratospheric ozone assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATOLOGY; PREDICTION; RADIANCES; PROJECT; WINTER; WAVES; H2O AB The innovations or observation minus forecast (O - F) residuals produced by a data assimilation system provide a convenient metric of evaluating global analyses. In this study, O - F statistics from the Global Ozone Assimilation Testing System ( GOATS) are used to examine how ozone assimilation products and their associated O - F statistics depend on input data biases and ozone photochemistry parameterizations (OPP). All the GOATS results shown are based on a 6-h forecast and analysis cycle using observations from SBUV/2 ( Solar Backscatter UltraViolet instrument-2) during September - October 2002. Results show that zonal mean ozone analyses are more independent of observation biases and drifts when using an OPP, while the mean ozone O - Fs are more sensitive to observation drifts when using an OPP. In addition, SD O - Fs ( standard deviations) are reduced in the upper stratosphere when using an OPP due to a reduction of forecast model noise and to increased covariance between the forecast model and the observations. Experiments that changed the OPP reference state to match the observations by using an "adaptive" OPP scheme reduced the mean ozone O - Fs at the expense of zonal mean ozone analyses being more susceptible to data biases and drifts. Additional experiments showed that the upper boundary of the ozone DAS can affect the quality of the ozone analysis and therefore should be placed well above ( at least a scale height) the region of interest. C1 USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dordt Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Sioux Ctr, IA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Coy, L (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM coy@nrl.navy.mil RI Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; OI Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2917 EP 2935 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 179AF UT WOS:000247261000009 ER PT J AU Luderer, G Trentmann, J Hungershofer, K Herzog, M Fromm, M Andreae, MO AF Luderer, G. Trentmann, J. Hungershoefer, K. Herzog, M. Fromm, M. Andreae, M. O. TI Small-scale mixing processes enhancing troposphere-to-stratosphere transport by pyro-cumulonimbus storms SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC PARTICLE AGGREGATION; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; BIOMASS SMOKE INJECTION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; THUNDERSTORM ANVILS; SIMULATION; PLUME; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; MIDLATITUDES AB Deep convection induced by large forest fires is an efficient mechanism for transport of aerosol particles and trace gases into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). For many pyro-cumulonimbus clouds (pyroCbs) as well as other cases of severe convection without fire forcing, radiometric observations of cloud tops in the thermal infrared (IR) reveal characteristic structures, featuring a region of relatively high brightness temperatures (warm center) surrounded by a U-shaped region of low brightness temperatures. We performed a numerical simulation of a specific case study of pyroCb using a non-hydrostatic cloud resolving model with a two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization and a prognostic turbulence scheme. The model is able to reproduce the thermal IR structure as observed from satellite radiometry. Our findings establish a close link between the observed temperature pattern and small-scale mixing processes atop and downwind of the overshooting dome of the pyroCb. Such small-scale mixing processes are strongly enhanced by the formation and breaking of a stationary gravity wave induced by the overshoot. They are found to increase the stratospheric penetration of the smoke by up to almost 30 K and thus are of major significance for irreversible transport of forest fire smoke into the lower stratosphere. C1 [Trentmann, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany. [Hungershoefer, K.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, Leipzig, Germany. [Herzog, M.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fromm, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Luderer, G.; Andreae, M. O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, Mainz, Germany. RP Luderer, G (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM gunnar.luderer@pik-potsdam.de RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 23 BP 5945 EP 5957 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PJ UT WOS:000252166200002 ER PT S AU Frederickson, PA Hammel, S Tsintikidis, D AF Frederickson, Paul A. Hammel, Stephen Tsintikidis, Dimitris BE Hammel, SM VanEijk, AMJ Valley, MT Vorontsov, MA TI Improving bulk C-n(2) models for over-ocean applications through new determinations of the dimensionless temperature structure parameter - art. no. 670807 SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS: MODELS, MEASUREMENTS, AND TARGET-IN-THE LOOP PROPAGATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics - Models, Measurements, and Target-in-the-Loop Propagation CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillation; optical turbulence; refractive index structure parameter; bulk models; dimensionless temperature structure parameter ID INDEX-STRUCTURE PARAMETER; SURFACE-LAYER; SIMILARITY; FLUXES AB The performance of imaging and laser systems can be severely degraded by atmospheric turbulence, especially for near-horizon propagation paths. Having the ability to predict turbulence effects from relatively easily obtained measurements can be useful for system design and feasibility studies, and for real-time optimization of optical systems for the current environment. For this reason, so-called 'bulk' models have been developed that can estimate turbulence effects through the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) from mean near-surface meteorological and sea surface temperature measurements. Bulk C-n(2) models are directly dependent upon empirically determined dimensionless functions, known as the dimensionless structure parameter functions for temperature and humidity. In this paper we attempt to improve bulk optical turbulence model performance by determining new over-ocean forms for the dimensionless temperature structure parameter (f(T)). During 2005-2006 atmospheric propagation experiments were conducted in the Zuniga Shoals area near San Diego to examine the impact of environmental conditions on low-altitude electro-optical propagation above the ocean surface. As part of this experiment the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) deployed its flux research buoy along the propagation path. The measurements obtained on the NPS buoy enabled f(T) values to be obtained and new functions to be determined. These new functions differ greatly from those presented in the past, in that the new f(T) values asymptote towards very high values as the stability approaches neutrality. The dependence of the new f(T) function on the stability parameter in stable conditions was also different from that previously proposed. When these new functions were inserted into the NPS bulk C-n(2) model, the resulting values agreed much better with directly measured turbulent C-n(2) values in unstable conditions, but in stable conditions the new function actually made the agreement worse. C1 [Frederickson, Paul A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6856-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6708 BP 70807 EP 70807 DI 10.1117/12.739617 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BHC12 UT WOS:000252147600005 ER PT S AU Wasiczko, LM Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, M Stell, M AF Wasiczko, Linda M. Moore, Christopher I. Burris, Harris R. Suite, Michele Stell, Mena BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Studies of atmospheric propagation in the maritime environment at NRL - art. no. 65510F SO Atmospheric Propagation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IV CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB The US Naval Research Laboratory has an ongoing research effort in the continuous observation of the maritime environment for free space optical communications. One of the goals of our research program is to characterize the behavior of the maritime environment for lasercomm systems, and use the data gathered from the Lasercomm Test Facility (LCTF) at NRL-Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD) to develop a method of predicting the global availability of maritime lasercomm. The LCTF has provided volumes of information about maritime laser propagation and atmospheric turbulence. Highlights of the work on the characterization of the maritime atmosphere are provided in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wasiczko, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6673-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6551 BP F5510 EP F5510 AR 65510F DI 10.1117/12.723556 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications GA BGL49 UT WOS:000248197600013 ER PT S AU Suite, MR Burris, HR Moore, CI Wasiczko, LM Stell, MF Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Scharpf, WJ AF Suite, M. R. Burris, H. R. Moore, C. I. Wasiczko, L. M. Stell, M. F. Mahon, R. Rabinovich, W. S. Scharpf, W. J. BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Comparison study of packet error rates and bit error rates at the US Naval Research Laboratory free-space lasercom test facility - art. no. 65510G SO Atmospheric Propagation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IV CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE free-space optical laser communication; bit error rate; packet error rate AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD), has a ten mile free-space optical laser communication (FSO lasercom) maritime testbed. Over the past year., a comparison study between packet error rates and bit error rates has been performed. These are the two most common methods to characterize the quality of an FSO lasercom link. Bit error rate (BER) testing and packet error rate (PER) testing are measured in a variety of atmospheric conditions on the one-way range at the lasercom test facility (LCTF). Results from this study will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suite, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6673-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6551 BP G5510 EP G5510 AR 65510G DI 10.1117/12.723554 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications GA BGL49 UT WOS:000248197600014 ER PT S AU Burris, HR Ferraro, MS Moore, CI Goetz, PG Waters, WD Clark, WR Rabinovich, WS Wasiczko, LM Suite, MR Mahon, R Murphy, JL Stell, MF Scharpf, WS Gilbreath, GC AF Burris, H. R. Ferraro, M. S. Moore, C. I. Goetz, P. G. Waters, W. D. Clark, W. R. Rabinovich, W. S. Wasiczko, L. M. Suite, M. R. Mahon, R. Murphy, J. L. Stell, M. F. Scharpf, W. S. Gilbreath, G. C. BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Large diameter, high speed InGaAs receivers for free-space lasercom - art. no. 65510P SO Atmospheric Propagation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IV CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and OptoGration, Inc. have collaborated in the development and testing of large area, high speed fnGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) receivers for use in free-space lasercorn systems. A 200 micron diameter InGaAs APD receiver has been tested in a free-space lasercom testbed and has demonstrated sensitivities of -42.4 dBm at 622 Mbps and -44.8 dBm at 155 Mbps. A 100 micron diameter receiver has been tested with a resulting sensitivity of -35.75 dBm at 2.4883 Gbps. These receivers are made possible due to OptoGration's capability to manufacture a large area, high speed InGaAs APD with an effective ionization ratio of < 0.2 and by matching the APD device with an appropriate transimpedance amplifier and limiting amplifier. Development and testing of the APD receivers will be described below. C1 Naval Res Lab, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Burris, HR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6673-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6551 BP P5510 EP P5510 AR 65510P DI 10.1117/12.723549 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications GA BGL49 UT WOS:000248197600023 ER PT S AU Boris, JP AF Boris, Jay P. BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Dust in the wind: Challenges for urban aerodynamics SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IV CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE urban aerodynamics; Computational Fluid Dynamics; contaminant transport; emergency assessment; crisis management; civil defense; weapons of mass destruction; sensor fusion; atmospheric propagation; standoff sensors ID MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; DISPERSION; FLOW AB The fluid dynamics of airflow through a city controls the transport and dispersion of airborne contaminants. This is urban aerodynamics, not meteorology. The average flow, large-scale fluctuations and turbulence are closely coupled to the building geometry. Buildings create large "rooster-tail" wakes; there are systematic fountain flows up the backs of tall buildings; and dust in the wind can move perpendicular to or even against the locally prevailing wind. Requirements for better prediction accuracy demand time-dependent, three-dimensional CFD computations that include solar heating and buoyancy, complete landscape and building geometry specification including foliage and, realistic wind fluctuations. This fundamental prediction capability is necessary to assess urban visibility and line-of-sight sensor performance in street canyons and rugged terrain. Computing urban aerodynamics accurately is clearly a time-dependent High Performance Computing (HPC) problem. In an emergency, on the other hand, prediction technology to assess crisis information, sensor performance, and obscured line-of-sight propagation in the face of industrial spills, transportation accidents, or terrorist attacks has very tight time requirements that suggest simple approximations which tend to produce inaccurate results. In the past we have had to choose one or the other: a fast, inaccurate model or a slow accurate model. Using new fluid-dynamic principles, an urban-oriented emergency assessment system called CT-Analyst was invented that solves this dilemma. It produces HPC-quality results for airborne contaminant scenarios nearly instantly and has unique new capabilities suited to sensor optimization. This presentation treats the design and use of CT-Analyst and discusses the developments needed for widespread use with advanced sensor and communication systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boris, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6673-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6551 AR 655102 DI 10.1117/12.722966 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Telecommunications GA BGL49 UT WOS:000248197600001 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E. Bhatia, A. K. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for MgVI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EMISSION-LINES; ACTIVE-REGION; COLLISION STRENGTHS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SI-VIII; SOLAR AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Mg VI. The configurations used are 2s(2)p(3), 2s(2)p(4), 2p(5), 2S(2)2p(2)3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, and 2s(2)2p(2)3d, giving rise to 72 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 12,24,36,48, and 60 Ry. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 5.6, corresponding to maximum abundance of Mg VI. Relative and absolute spectral line intensities are calculated and compared with observations of a solar active region. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, ARTEP Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ARTEP Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.06.001 PG 54 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 128NO UT WOS:000243664800001 ER PT S AU Hudson, LT Henins, A Seely, JF Holland, GE AF Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Seely, J. F. Holland, G. E. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Diagnostic spectrometers for high energy density x-ray sources SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE x-ray spectroscopy; crystal spectrometer; Rowland circle focusing; resolving power; Cauchois geometry; hard x-ray sources AB A new generation of advanced laser, accelerator, and plasma confinement devices are emerging that are producing extreme states of light and matter that are unprecedented for laboratory study. Examples of such sources that will produce laboratory x-ray emissions with unprecedented characteristics include megajoule-class and ultrafast ultraintense petawatt laser-produced plasmas; tabletop high-harmonic-generation x-ray sources; high-brightness zeta-pinch and magnetically confined plasma sources; and coherent x-ray free electron lasers and compact inverse-Compton x-ray sources. Characterizing the spectra, time structure, and intensity of x rays emitted by these and other novel sources is critical to assessing system performance and progress as well as pursuing the new and unpredictable physical interactions of interest to basic and applied high-energy-density (HED) science. As these technologies mature, increased emphasis will need to be placed on advanced diagnostic instrumentation and metrology, standard reference data, absolute calibrations and traceability of results. We are actively designing, fabricating, and fielding wavelength-calibrated x-ray spectrometers that have been employed to register spectra from a variety of exotic x-ray sources (electron beam ion trap, electron cyclotron resonance ion source, terawatt pulsed-power-driven accelerator, laser-produced plasmas). These instruments employ a variety of curved-crystal optics, detector technologies, and data acquisition strategies. In anticipation of the trends mentioned above, this paper will focus primarily on optical designs that can accommodate the high background signals produced in HED experiments while also registering their high-energy spectral emissions. In particular, we review the results of recent laboratory testing that explores off-Rowland circle imaging in an effort to reclaim the instrumental resolving power that is increasingly elusive at higher energies when using wavelength-dispersive techniques. These efforts inform the optimization of diagnostic designs that will permit acquisition of high-resolution, hard x-ray spectra in the HED environment. C1 [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.; Holland, G. E.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400007 ER PT S AU Silver, E Chen, G Kirby, K Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Silver, E. Chen, Gx Kirby, K. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray measurements using a microcalorimeter on an electron beam ion trap SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The X-ray telescopes and spectrometers flown on Chandra and XMM-Newton are returning exciting new data from a wide variety of cosmic sources such as stellar coronae, supemova remnants, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries. To achieve the best scientific interpretation of the data from these and future spectroscopic missions and related ground-based observations, theoretical calculations and plasma models must be verified or modified by the results obtained from measurements in the laboratory. Such measurements are the focus of several laboratory astrophysics programs that use an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) to simulate astrophysical plasma conditions. Here we describe our recent spectroscopic measurements of neon-like iron and nickel using a microcalofimeter on the EBIT at the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [1]. We obtain values for the intensity ratios of the well-known lines emitted by these ions and compare the results with new large scale electron-ion scattering calculations. Additional details about our laboratory astrophysics work can be found in some earlier papers [2-4]. C1 [Silver, E.; Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.; Brickhouse, N. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.] ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laming, J. M.] US Navy, Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400012 ER PT S AU Hwang, U Larning, JM AF Hwang, Una Larning, J. Martin BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Probing the cassiopeia a supernova explosion SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE astronomical observations; supernovae; supernova remnants ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN EXPLOSIONS; ELECTRON-ION EQUILIBRATION; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS; NONRADIATIVE SHOCKS; SN 1006; EJECTA; TI-44; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION AB X-ray observations of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant reveal explosive nucleosynthesis products such as Si and Fe, and thus provide a unique window into the core-collapse explosion that formed the remnant 330 years ago. We review current progress using X-ray spectra extracted on arcsecond angular scales from a 10(6) s Chandra observation of Cas A, in conjunction with models that follow the remnant's hydrodynamical evolution and treat the relevant plasma microphysics. We address questions related to the explosion such as the degree of explosion asymmetry, the nature of the jets, the nature of the circumstellar environment, and extent of radial mixing of the Fe ejecta. C1 [Hwang, Una] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hwang, Una] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Larning, J. Martin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, U (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU Chandra GO Program; NASA LTSA Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Chandra GO Program, the NASA LTSA Program, and by basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 92 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400016 ER PT S AU Jones, B Deeney, C Meyer, CJ Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Peterson, KJ AF Jones, B. Deeney, C. Meyer, C. J. Coverdale, C. A. LePell, P. D. Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Peterson, K. J. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Monochromatic soft X-ray self-emission imaging in dense Z pinches SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE x-ray imaging; plasma diagnostics; wire array Z pinch; multilayer mirror ID Z-ACCELERATOR; PLASMAS; ALUMINUM AB The Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories drives 20 MA in 100 ns through a cylindrical array of fine wires which implodes due to the strong j x B force, generating up to 250 TW of soft x-ray radiation when the z-pinch plasma stagnates on axis. The copious broadband self-emission makes the dynamics of the implosion well suited to diagnosis with soft x-ray imaging and spectroscopy. A monochromatic self-emission imaging instrument has recently been developed on Z which reflects pinhole images from a multilayer mirror onto a I ns gated microchannel plate detector. The multilayer can be designed to provide narrowband (similar to 10 eV) reflection in the 100-700 eV photon energy range, allowing observation of the soft emission from acereting mass as it assembles into a hot, dense plasma column on the array axis. In the present instrument configuration, data at 277 eV photon energy have been obtained for plasmas ranging from Al to W, and the z-pinch implosion and stagnation will be discussed along with > I keV self-emission imaging and spectroscopy. Collisional-radiative simulations are currently being pursued in order to link the imaged emissivity to plasma temperature and density profiles and address the role of opacity in interpreting the data. C1 [Jones, B.; Deeney, C.; Coverdale, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Meyer, C. J.; LePell, P. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, C.] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Apruzese, J. P.; Clark, R. W.; Davis, J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0450518] FX This material is partly based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMI-0450518. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 229 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400032 ER PT S AU Tommasini, R Park, HS Patel, P Maddox, B Le Pape, S Hatchett, SP Remington, BA Key, MH Izumi, N Tabak, M Koch, JA Landen, OL Hey, D MacKinnon, A Seely, J Holland, G Hudson, L Szabo, C AF Tommasini, Riccardo Park, Hye-Sook Patel, Prav Maddox, Brian Le Pape, Sebastien Hatchett, Stephen P. Remington, Bruce A. Key, Michael H. Izumi, Nobuhiko Tabak, Max Koch, Jeffrey A. Landen, Otto L. Hey, Dan MacKinnon, Andy Seely, John Holland, Glenn Hudson, Larry Szabo, Csilla BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Development of Compton radiography using high-Z backlighters produced by ultra-intense lasers SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE laser-plasma interaction; hard x-rays; x-ray spectroscopy; radiography ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB High-energy x-ray backlighters will be valuable for radiography experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and for radiography of imploded inertial confinement fusion cores using Compton scattering to observe cold, dense plasma. Key considerations are the available backlight brightness, and the backlight size. To quantify these parameters we have characterized the emission from low- and high-Z planar foils irradiated by intense picosecond and ferntosecond laser pulses from the TITAN laser facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Spectra generated by a sequence of elements from Mo to Pb, spanning the x-ray energy range from 17 keV to 75 keV, have been recorded using a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) in single hit regime and a Dual Crystal Spectrometer (DCS). High-resolution pointprojection 2D radiographs have also been recorded on Fuji BaFBr:Eu-2 image plates using calibrated resolution grids. We discuss the results in light of the requirements for applications at NIF. C1 [Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seely, John; Holland, Glenn] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Hudson, Larry; Szabo, Csilla] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 248 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400034 ER PT J AU Gates, T AF Gates, Trina TI Atopic dermatitis: Diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical implications SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE skin; rash; contact dermatitis; hand dermatitis; immunomodulators; tacrolimus; pimecrolimus; topical corticosteroids ID 0.1-PERCENT TACROLIMUS OINTMENT; PIMECROLIMUS; EFFICACY; SAFETY; ECZEMA; BLIND AB Over the past 30 yr, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased significantly in the general population. Given this increased burden of disease, more AD will be seen in civilian and military aviators. This article reviews the clinical aspects of AD with a focus on the aeromedical implications of the disease. The diagnosis of AD is mainly clinical. Treatment options are numerous, although topical corticosteroids are generally the mainstay of treatment. The new immunomodulators are options for treatment of AD and have advantages and disadvantages when compared with topical corticosteroids. These immunomodulators are discussed in detail with an emphasis on their mechanism of action, efficacy, side effect profile, and possible risks. The implications of AD in aviators and safety of flight are reviewed. Interference of the wearing of cockpit equipment, use of systemic or topical medications, and AD'S association with the other diseases of atopy all contribute to whether an aviator is qualified to fly. Environmental triggers, such as temperature changes, sweating, humidity, bathing frequency, contact with irritating substances, and stress may exacerbate the aviator's disease. Special consideration should be given to the severity of their disease, the treatment the aviator requires, and the environment he or she will he working and living in before giving aeromedical clearance. Finally, the policies of each military service and experiences in civil aviation are discussed. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Gates, T (reprint author), 212 Pine St, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. EM trina.gates@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 125PC UT WOS:000243453200006 PM 17225479 ER PT J AU Gates, T Duffy, K Moore, J Howell, W McDonald, W AF Gates, Trina Duffy, Kristina Moore, Jeffrey Howell, William McDonald, William TI Alcohol screening instruments and psychiatric evaluation outcomes in military aviation personnel SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol abuse; alcohol dependence; alcohol screening ID MEDICAL PATIENTS; TESTS; SCALE; SAAST AB Introduction: Alcohol-related disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in the aviation population. Efforts to effectively screen aviators for these disorders are continually sought, as under-diagnosis may negatively impact aviation safety. This study evaluates screening tools that have been validated in non-aviators in terms of their utility for aviator patients. Methods: There were 111 male aviation patients (27 +/- 7 yr) referred for psychiatric evaluation at the Naval Aerospace Medicine Institute who completed the Self-Administered Alcohol Screening Test (SAAST), the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Common Alcohol Logistical Scale-Revised (CAL-R) prior to evaluation by a staff psychiatrist or psychologist. Results: There were 40 patients who were qualified psychiatrically with no diagnosis and 49 patients who were disqualified for psychiatric reasons due to a non alcohol-related diagnosis. The remaining 22 patients were disqualified for psychiatric reasons with an alcohol-related diagnosis. The optimal aviator cut-off scores were consistent with those of the general population, although the cut-off score used for the SAAST was set at the published sub-threshold level to provide greater sensitivity. The sensitivity/specificity values for the SAAST, AUDIT, and CAL-R were 59%/94%, 46%/96%, and 68%/81%, respectively. Conclusion: The psychometrically sophisticated CAL-R is sensitive, specific, and has good negative predictive value, although its use requires a psychologist and its availability is limited. The SAAST and AUDIT can be administered by a flight surgeon or aviation medical examiner (AME). Given the higher sensitivity of the SAAST it may be the most beneficial if administered first. The AUDIT can be used as a follow-up diagnostic test given its higher specificity. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Moore, J (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, 340 Hutlse, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM jlmoore@nomi.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 125PC UT WOS:000243453200009 PM 17225482 ER PT J AU Moszyk, DJ Sulit, DJ AF Moszyk, Danielle J. Sulit, Daryl J. TI Rheumatoid arthritis in a military aviator SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE etanercept; methotrexate; autoimmune; aviation; rheumatology; joint disease ID ETANERCEPT; THERAPY AB Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition whose pathogenesis is determined partially by genetic and environmental factors. Without treatment, 20 to 30% of individuals with this condition will become permanently disabled in a few years. Rheumatoid arthritis and its potential complications can cause significant disability and could seriously affect the performance of an aviator. Traditionally, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) and biologics have not been used until disease progression occurs, but they recently have been added earlier in the course of disease for a more aggressive approach to treatment. It has been shown to significantly reduce the number of affected joints, pain, and disability. This newer treatment regimen has helped a military pilot continue his aviation career. We present the case of an experienced designated military pilot who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. He was initially treated early with a DMARD and biologic medication. He has remained in remission and currently only uses etanercept (biologic medication) and a non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug to control his disease. He has responded favorably to therapy and has few limitations. Due to his positive response to treatment, the aviator was granted military deromedical waivers for rheumatoid arthritis and chronic medication use. C1 USN, MCAS New River, Naval Branch Hlth Clin, Jacksonville, NC 28545 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Moszyk, DJ (reprint author), USN, MCAS New River, Naval Branch Hlth Clin, AS 100, Jacksonville, NC 28545 USA. EM moszykdj@iwo-jima.usmc.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 125PC UT WOS:000243453200013 PM 17225486 ER PT J AU Read, TD Thomason, B AF Read, Timothy D. Thomason, Brendan BE Pallen, MJ Nelson, KE Preston, GM TI PATHOGENOMICS OF BACTERIAL BIOTHREAT AGENTS SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS ENDOSPORES; HIGH-PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LETHAL FACTOR CLEAVES; YERSINIA-PESTIS; BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS C1 [Read, Timothy D.; Thomason, Brendan] USN, Genom Grp, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Read, TD (reprint author), USN, Genom Grp, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 243 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-553-0 PY 2007 BP 232 EP 266 PG 35 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BPH84 UT WOS:000278888500011 ER PT J AU Laugalys, V Straizys, V Vrba, FJ Cernis, K Kazlauskas, A Boyle, RP Philip, AGD AF Laugalys, V. Straizys, V. Vrba, F. J. Cernis, K. Kazlauskas, A. Boyle, R. P. Philip, A. G. Davis TI CCD photometry and classification of stars in the north america and pelican nebulae region. IV. The region of a supposed cluster collinder 428 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters, classification; ISM : dust, extinction, clouds, individual objects (L935); open clusters : individual objects (Collinder 428, NGC 6997) ID SYSTEM AB Magnitudes and color indices of 860 stars down to V = 16.7 mag in the seven-color Vilnius photometric system were obtained in the area of the supposed open cluster Collinder 428 in the North America Nebula. Spectral types, interstellar color excesses, extinctions and distances of stars were determined for 290 stars from the photometric data. The plot of extinction vs. distance gives the front edge of the dust cloud at 540 pc. We conclude that Collinder 428 is not a real star cluster. C1 [Laugalys, V.; Straizys, V.; Cernis, K.; Kazlauskas, A.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Vrba, F. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Boyle, R. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Philip, A. G. Davis] Inst Space Observat, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Philip, A. G. Davis] Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Laugalys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 382 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 257IW UT WOS:000252793500003 ER PT J AU Cai, D Yu, Y Lan, YC Dufort, FJ Xiong, GY Paudel, T Ren, ZF Wagner, DJ Chiles, TC AF Cai, Dong Yu, Ying Lan, Yucheng Dufort, Fay J. Xiong, Guangyong Paudel, Trilochan Ren, Zhifeng Wagner, Dean J. Chiles, Thomas C. TI Glucose sensors made of novel carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composites SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering CY DEC 10-12, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE carbon nanotube; sensor; nanoparticle; glucose oxidase ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OXIDASE; ADSORPTION; BIOSENSORS; OXIDATION AB Carbon nanotube and metal particle composites have been exploited to fabricate high performance electrochemical devices. However, the physical and chemical procedures to synthesize the composites are labor intensive and inefficient. Our study reveals an one-step wet chemistry method to accomplish fast and controllable production of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and carbon naotube (CNT) composites. Such a process is sensitive to the surface charge. Especially, when functionalized with carboxyl groups, the CNTs carried negative charges and showed low level association with negatively charged AuNPs. Thermal treatment was employed to decompose the carboxyl groups and render each CNT a charge-free surface thereby achieving a high level AuNP-CNT association. The fabricated glucose sensors demonstrated dependence of their sensitivities to the amount of AuNPs on the CNTs. The enhancement of sensitivity can be attributed to an accelerated electron transfer rate from glucose oxidase Gox to the electrode. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics also indicated improved performance in the glucose sensor made of AuNP-CNTs. Therefore, our research revealed a novel approach to produce metallic nanoparticle and CNT composite for fabricating high performance electrochemical sensors. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Cai, D (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 410 Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM caid@bc.edu RI Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 OI Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168; NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 328RJ UT WOS:000257815200009 PM 18607077 ER PT J AU Little, B Lee, J Ray, R AF Little, Brenda Lee, Jason Ray, Richard TI A review of 'green' strategies to prevent or mitigate microbiologically influenced corrosion SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Review DE microbiologically influenced corrosion; biofilms; inhibition; electron acceptors ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; AEROBIC BIOFILMS; MILD-STEEL; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; WATER; MODEL AB Two approaches to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) have been developed that do not require the use of biocides. These strategies include the following: i) use of biofilms to inhibit or prevent corrosion, and ii) manipulation (removal or addition) of an electron acceptor, (e.g. oxygen, sulphate or nitrate) to influence the microbial population. In both approaches the composition of the microbial community is affected by small perturbations in the environment (e.g. temperature, nutrient concentration and flow) and the response of microorganisms cannot be predicted with certainty. The following sections will review the literature on the effectiveness of these environmentally friendly, "green,'' strategies for controlling MIC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7303, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM blittle@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1080/08927010601151782 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 164TB UT WOS:000246256200003 PM 17453733 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP AF Schultz, Michael P. TI Effects of coating roughness and biofouling on ship resistance and powering SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE drag; powering; resistance; biofouling; roughness; antifouling coatings ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE; ANTIFOULING COATINGS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SKIN FRICTION; DRAG; BIOFILMS; SYSTEMS; TBT AB Predictions of full-scale ship resistance and powering are made for antifouling coating systems with a range of roughness and fouling conditions. The estimates are based on results from laboratory-scale drag measurements and boundary layer similarity law analysis. In the present work, predictions are made for a mid-sized naval surface combatant at cruising speed and near maximum speed. The results indicate that slime films can lead to significant increases in resistance and powering, and heavy calcareous fouling results in powering penalties up to 86% at cruising speed. The present estimates show good agreement with results from full-scale ship power trials. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 43 TC 210 Z9 215 U1 8 U2 81 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1080/08927010701461974 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209VT UT WOS:000249416800004 PM 17852068 ER PT J AU Korchev, Y Sanchez, D Anand, P Gorelik, J Zhang, YJ Shevchuk, A Vodyanoy, I Lab, M Klenerman, D AF Korchev, Yuri Sanchez, Daniel Anand, Praveen Gorelik, Julia Zhang, Yanjun Shevchuk, Andrew Vodyanoy, Igor Lab, Max Klenerman, David TI "Non-contact" mechanical characterization and stimulation of cells using scanning ion conductance microscopy. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. RI Sanchez, Daniel/B-5141-2009; Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 33A EP 33A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400145 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Delehanty, JB Lin, B Ligler, FS AF Johnson, Brandy J. Delehanty, James B. Lin, Baochuan Ligler, Frances S. TI Interaction of proanthocyanidins with bacterial lipopolysaccharide SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 142A EP 142A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400657 ER PT J AU Harms, MJ Schlessman, JL Sue, GR Robinson, AC Bertrand Garcia-Moreno, E AF Harms, Michael J. Schlessman, Jamie L. Sue, Gloria R. Robinson, Aaron C. Bertrand Garcia-Moreno, E. TI Internal arginines in proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 376A EP 377A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402311 ER PT J AU Smith, VF Tuia, JZ AF Smith, Virginia F. Tuia, JessicaAnn Z. TI Spectroscopic observation of substrate binding and reduction by methionine sulfoxide reductase A of E-coli SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 385A EP 385A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402356 ER PT J AU Isom, D Schlessman, J Harms, M Castaneda, C Cieplak, M Garcia-Moreno, B AF Isom, Dan Schlessman, Jamie Harms, Michael Castaneda, Carlos Cieplak, Maja Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand TI Interactions between surface and internal charges in proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 401A EP 401A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402432 ER PT J AU Schlessman, JL Abe, C Gittis, A Karp, D Dolan, M Garcia-Moreno, B AF Schlessman, Jamie L. Abe, Colby Gittis, Apostolos Karp, Daniel Dolan, Michael Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand TI Structural determinants of internal water in cavities in proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 403A EP 404A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402444 ER PT S AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. BE AbdElAziz, AS Carraher, CE Pittman, CU Zeldin, M TI The State of the Art in Boron Polymer Chemistry SO BORON-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE Macromolecules Containing Metal and Metal-Like Elements Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; DIETHYNYLBENZENE-SILYLENE POLYMERS; MEDIATED OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION; LIVING ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; CERAMIC CONVERSION REACTIONS; PHOSPHINE-BORANE ADDUCTS; MODIFIED SILICON-CARBIDE; HEAT-RESISTANT POLYMERS; WEIGHT CLOSO-CARBORANES; SINGLE-SOURCE PRECURSOR C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Mat Chem Branch,Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kolel-Veetil, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Mat Chem Branch,Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 204 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1545-438X BN 978-0-471-73012-5 J9 MACROMOL CONTAIN MET PY 2007 VL 8 BP 1 EP 76 DI 10.1002/9780470139653.ch1 PG 76 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BJX82 UT WOS:000267374500001 ER PT J AU Lee, TF Miller, SD Turk, FJ Hawkins, JD Wang, S Dills, P Hoffman, C McWilliams, G Mineart, G Jelenak, Z AF Lee, Thomas F. Miller, Steven D. Turk, F. Joseph Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Wang, Sherwood Dills, Patrick Hoffman, Carl McWilliams, Gary Mineart, Gary Jelenak, Zorana TI Npoess online satellite training for users SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; SENSOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. COMET, Boulder, CO USA. NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. NESDIS, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Thomas.lee@nrimry.navy.mil RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-1-13 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137NC UT WOS:000244298300006 ER PT J AU Pandya, RE Smith, DR Charlevoix, DJ Fisher, GM Murillo, ST Murphy, KA Stanitski, DM Whittaker, TM AF Pandya, Rajul E. Smith, David R. Charlevoix, Donna J. Fisher, Genene M. Murillo, Shirley T. Murphy, Kathleen A. Stanitski, Diane M. Whittaker, Thomas M. TI The 15th AMS Education Symposium SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UCAR SOARS Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. AMS, Washington, DC USA. HRD, Miami, FL USA. Ladue Sch District, St Louis, MO USA. Shippensburg Univ, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pandya, RE (reprint author), UCAR SOARS Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pandya@ucar.edu RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-1-83 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137NC UT WOS:000244298300018 ER PT J AU Lebas, M Euske, K AF Lebas, Michel Euske, Ken BE Neely, A TI A conceptual and operational delineation of performance SO BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: UNIFYING THEORIES AND INTEGRATING PRACTICE, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lebas, Michel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85511-2 PY 2007 BP 125 EP 139 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511488481 PG 15 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BAK75 UT WOS:000304455300007 ER PT S AU McSherry, D Aha, DW AF McSherry, David Aha, David W. BE Weber, RO Richter, MM TI Mixed-initiative relaxation of constraints in critiquing dialogues SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY AUG 13-16, 2007 CL Belfast, NORTH IRELAND SP DFKI, Drexel iSch, empolis, Univ Ulster, Zerosolution DE critiquing; recommender systems; case-based reasoning; constraint; relaxation; explanation; mixed-initiative interaction AB Eliminating previously recommended items in a critiquing dialogue prevents the user from navigating back to acceptable items she critiqued earlier in the dialogue. An equally serious problem if previous recommendations are not eliminated is that acceptable items may be unreachable by any sequence of critiques. Progressive critiquing solves this dilemma while also making it easier for users to recognize when none of the available items are acceptable. In this paper, we present theoretical and empirical results that demonstrate the benefits of a critiquing strategy in which the user gives priority to constraints that must be satisfied in a progressive critiquing dialogue. We also present a new version of progressive critiquing in which mixed-initiative relaxation of constraints introduced by user critiquing choices that depart from this strategy greatly reduces their impact on dialogue outcomes. C1 [McSherry, David] Univ Ulster, Sch Comp & Informat Engn, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Aha, David W.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artif Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McSherry, D (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Comp & Informat Engn, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM dmg.mcsherry@ulster.ac.uk; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74138-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4626 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGQ79 UT WOS:000249814900008 ER PT J AU Seidelmann, PK Archinal, BA A'hearn, MF Conrad, A Consolmagno, GJ Hestroffer, D Hilton, JL Krasinsky, GA Neumann, G Oberst, J Stooke, P Tedesco, EF Tholen, DJ Thomas, PC Williams, IP AF Seidelmann, P. Kenneth Archinal, B. A. A'hearn, M. F. Conrad, A. Consolmagno, G. J. Hestroffer, D. Hilton, J. L. Krasinsky, G. A. Neumann, G. Oberst, J. Stooke, P. Tedesco, E. F. Tholen, D. J. Thomas, P. C. Williams, I. P. TI Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006 SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE cartographic coordinates; rotation axes; rotation periods; sizes; shapes; planets; satellites; minor planets; comets ID STELLAR OCCULTATION; SHAPE; SATELLITES; PLANETS; GRAVITY; TOPOGRAPHY; SIZE; SPIN AB Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets. This report introduces improved values for the pole and rotation rate of Pluto, Charon, and Phoebe, the pole of Jupiter, the sizes and shapes of Saturn satellites and Charon, and the poles, rotation rates, and sizes of some minor planets and comets. A high precision realization for the pole and rotation rate of the Moon is provided. The expression for the Sun's rotation has been changed to be consistent with the planets and to account for light travel time. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI USA. Vatican Observ, Vatican City, Vatican. CNRS, Observ Paris, IMCCE, Paris, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM pks6n@virginia.edu RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013; OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944; Williams, Iwan Prys/0000-0002-8069-1344 NR 33 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 155 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 197YA UT WOS:000248592100001 ER PT S AU Hart, MB Lin, HB Deich, J Merritt, CD Eversole, JD AF Hart, Matthew B. Lin, Horn-Bond Deich, Jason Merritt, Charles D. Eversole, Jay D. BE Fountain, AW TI Developments in on-the-fly biomarking: a new method to rapidly identify chemical and biological aerosols - art. no. 65540P SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VIII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE electrospray; detection; bioaerosol; aerosol; biomarker; fluorescence; reagent; environment; background; on-the-fly ID DNA APTAMERS AB We report on the advances made in the basic research to label specific chemical or biological aerosols on-the-fly using an electrospray technique. Fluorescent biomarkers that have been created for specific targets, and that produce a detectable change in emission characteristics only upon binding, will be used to coat all aerosols in an air stream. Aerosols with appropriate receptors will be labeled in this manner, allowing them to be identified in near real-time using a simple laser-induced fluorescence technique. In effect, an immunoassay is quickly performed on the surface of single chemical or biological particles as they flow in an air stream, labeling specific ones for rapid, single-particle interrogation and identification among a diverse and dynamic background. This method permits the use of solutions containing mixtures of different biomarkers to simultaneously identify multiple types of chemical or biological aerosols. Some issues that are currently being investigated include the kinetics of biomarker surface binding to an aerosol in flight and the control of charged aerosols for efficient single particle interrogation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, MB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6676-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6554 BP P5540 EP P5540 AR 65540P DI 10.1117/12.719745 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BGK44 UT WOS:000247963200021 ER PT S AU Sivaprakasam, V Huston, A Lin, HB Eversole, J Falkenstein, P Schultz, A AF Sivaprakasam, V. Huston, A. Lin, H. B. Eversole, J. Falkenstein, P. Schultz, A. BE Fountain, AW TI Field test results and ambient aerosol measurements using dual wavelength fluorescence excitation and elastic scatter for bioaerosols - art. no. 65540R SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VIII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE bioaerosol; fluorescence; particle; scattering; simulants AB A bioaerosol sensor based on dual wavelength fluorescence excitation and multiple wavelength elastic scattering has been developed and characterized for classifying micron-sized particles on the fly. The UV-LIF instrument successfully completed a field trial in which we detected and correctly identified over 90 % of the simulant releases over the 2 week testing period. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6676-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6554 BP R5540 EP R5540 AR 65540R DI 10.1117/12.719326 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BGK44 UT WOS:000247963200023 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Venkateshwarlu, P Nagaraj, R Sarma, AVS Vijay, D Sastry, NG Ranganathan, S AF Karle, Isabella L. Venkateshwarlu, Punna Nagaraj, Ramakrishnan Sarma, Akella V. S. Vijay, Dolly Sastry, Narahari G. Ranganathan, Subramania TI Diphenic acid as a general conformational lock in the design of bihelical structures SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chirality; diphenic acid; helical structures; hydrogen bonds; topochemistry ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EXPANDED PORPHYRIN; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; DOUBLE HELICES; COMPLEXES; LIGAND; MACROCYCLES; TURCASARIN; POLYIODIDE; SILVER(I) AB The bihelical (figure of "infinity") topology was examined from vantages of design, crystal structures, chirality, circular dichroism (CD) studies and molecular-orbital calculations. The minimalistic design envisaged the sequential linking of cystine to the anchor diphenic acid, which proved to be a general conformational lock. The bihelical compound 4 was obtained in two steps from diphenic anhydride 1 and cystine di-OMe. The chirality of 4 arises largely from the L-cystine. The bihelical compound 5 obtained from D-cystine di-OMe was found, by X-ray crystallography, CD studies, and optical rotation, to be the perfect mirror image of 4 prepared from L-cystine. The crystal structure of prototype 8, prepared by protocols used for 4 from the achiral cystine analogue cystamine, had a "U"-shaped conformation held together by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Analysis of 4 and 5 show that the pairs of nine-membered beta-turn-like constructs made compact through hydrogen bonding with DMSO hold the key for the bihelical conformation. Another factor is the need for the presence of a ligand at the C alpha position. The absence of this, as in 8, allows major flexibility in the torsional angles around this critical region, promoting flexible alternatives. The CD analysis of 4, confirmed to be bihelical by Xray crystallography, showed a typical negative band at about 210 angstrom attributed to the beta-turn-like motif, and in the positive-band region a peak at about 227 angstrom, generally related to the twist of the biphenyl unit. The cystamine analogue 8, which showed a "U"-type structure, presented a CD spectrum with no typical features. The total energy, derived from theoretical calculations by using the X-ray structure data, support the bihelical structure for 4 and a "U"-shaped one for 8. The limited utility of such calculations was tested with composite 9. Composite 9, in which the anchor diphenic acid is linked to cystamine on the one hand and to cystine on the other, showed a CD spectrum similar to that of 4, and this coupled with molecular-orbital calculations, using data from 4 and 8, predict a bihelical structure for this compound. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Ctr NMR, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Mol Modeling Grp, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil; ranga@iict.res.in RI sastry, g narahari/C-5916-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM030902, R01 GM030902, R01 GM030902-23] NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 15 BP 4253 EP 4263 DI 10.1002/chem.200601393 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 173NF UT WOS:000246879100015 PM 17343288 ER PT J AU Rai, R Vasudev, PG Ananda, K Raghothama, S Shamala, N Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Rai, Rajkishor Vasudev, Prema G. Ananda, Kuppanna Raghothama, Srinivasarao Shamala, Narayanaswamy Karle, Isabella L. Balaram, Padmanabhan TI Hybrid peptides: Expanding the beta turn in peptide hairpins by the insertion of beta-, gamma-, and delta-residues SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amino acids; beta hairpins; peptides; structure elucidation ID OMEGA-AMINO ACIDS; DE-NOVO DESIGN; ALPHA-AMINO; SOLID-STATE; AROMATIC INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHAIN REVERSALS; NMR ANALYSIS; SHEET AB The beta turn segment in designed peptide hairpins has been expanded by the insertion of beta-, gamma- and delta-amino acids at the i+2 position. The model octapeptides Boc-Leu-Phe-Val- (D)Pro-Ac(6)c-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (1), Boc-Leu-Phe-Val- (D)Pro-beta(3)-Ac(6)c-Leu- Phe-Val-OMe (2), and Boc-Leu-Phe-Val- (D)Pro-Gpn-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3) have been shown to adopt (3 hairpin conformations in methanol by the observation of key diagnostic nuclear Overhauser effects. Boc-Leu-Val-Val- (D)Pro-delta-Ava-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (4) adopts a beta hairpin conformation in crystals; this is stabilized by three cross-strand hydrogen bonds as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The canonical C-10 turn in an alpha-alpha segment is expanded to C-11, C-12, and C-13 turns in alpha-beta, alpha-gamma, and alpha-delta segments, respectively. The crystal structures of Piv-(L)Pro-(beta(3-)Ac(6)c-NHMe (5) and Boc-Ac(6)c-Gpn-Ac(6)c-OMe (6) reveal intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded C-11 and C-12 conformations, respectively. Computer modeling of octapeptide sequences that contain centrally positioned hybrid-turn segments, by using turn parameters derived from the structures of peptides 5 and 6, establishes the stereochemical acceptability of the beta hairpins in the cases of peptides 2 and 3. Accommodation of omega -amino acids into the turn segments is achieved by the adoption of gauche conformations around the backbone C-C bonds. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, NMR Res Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shamala, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM shamala@physics.iisc.ernet.in; isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil; pb@mbu.iise.ernet.in OI Rai, Rajkishor/0000-0003-0735-2618 NR 76 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 20 BP 5917 EP 5926 DI 10.1002/chem.200601562 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 190MJ UT WOS:000248062700024 PM 17393543 ER PT S AU Laming, JM Hwang, U AF Laming, J. Martin Hwang, Una BE GarciaSegura, G RamirezRuiz, E TI The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant in X-rays SO Circumstellar Media and Late Stages of Massive Stellar Evolution SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Circumstellar Media and Late Stages of Massive Stellar Evolution CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE supernovae : individual (Cassiopeia A); supernova remnants ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN EXPLOSIONS; ELECTRON-ION EQUILIBRATION; NONRADIATIVE SHOCKS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS; HALF-LIFE; SN 1006; TI-44; EJECTA AB We review progress to date on analysis of the I million second Chandra Very Large Project (VLP) observation of the Cassiopeia A supernova, remnant. We explore the possibility that Cas A exploded into a "bubble". The red supergiant wind into which its blast wave is currently expanding, was possibly followed by a short period of fast tenuous Wolf-Rayet wind prior to explosion, leaving a low density region at the center, surrounded by higher density red supergiant wind. We also review the current state of hard X-ray observations and determination of the mass of Ti-44 thought to have been ejected in the explosion, with a view to the constraints this places on the nature of the explosion itself, and where in the remnant Ti-44 decay products are likely to be found. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 978-970-32-3275-8 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2007 VL 30 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU83 UT WOS:000250716900012 ER PT B AU Maule, RW AF Maule, R. William BE Savoie, M Aguilar, J Chu, HW Zinn, CD Mura, G Andina, D TI Quality of service assessment in SOA synchronous networked communications SO CITSA 2007/CCCT 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL III, POST-CONFERENCE ISSUE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/5th Int Conf on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE quality of service (QoS); service-oriented architecture (SOA) AB Network communications enable operational efficiencies as merged data and information operations integrate to expand infrastructure capabilities and improve organizational processes. Research to date has focused on core network and infrastructure capabilities but has not integrated strategic organizational objectives with specific network functionality as might be achieved in optimized service-oriented architecture (SOA). Needed are frameworks that delineate variables for analysis that include technical assessment of network capabilities along with metrics to assess the effectiveness of strategic communications as enabled through SOA and new network-centric capabilities. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-24-4 PY 2007 BP 210 EP 213 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications GA BHL79 UT WOS:000254154400039 ER PT J AU Hou, S Chappellaz, J Jouzel, J Chu, PC Masson-Delmotte, V Qin, D Raynaud, D Mayewski, PA Lipenkov, VY Kang, S AF Hou, S. Chappellaz, J. Jouzel, J. Chu, P. C. Masson-Delmotte, V. Qin, D. Raynaud, D. Mayewski, P. A. Lipenkov, V. Y. Kang, S. TI Summer temperature trend over the past two millennia using air content in Himalayan ice SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; EAST RONGBUK GLACIER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOUNT EVEREST; ASIAN MONSOON; RING CHRONOLOGIES; POLAR ICE; CORE; RECORD; SIGNALS AB Two Himalayan ice cores display a factor-two decreasing trend of air content over the past two millennia, in contrast to the relatively stable values in Greenland and Antarctica ice cores over the same period. Because the air content can be related with the relative frequency and intensity of melt phenomena, its variations along the Himalayan ice cores provide an indication of summer temperature trend. Our reconstruction point toward an unprecedented warming trend in the 20th century but does not depict the usual trends associated with "Medieval Warm Period" (MWP), or "Little Ice Age" (LIA). C1 Domaine Univ, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UJF, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. CEA Saclay, IPSL, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, CNRS,UVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Cryosphere & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Atmosphere Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst CCI, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. RP Hou, S (reprint author), Domaine Univ, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UJF, 54 Rue Moliere,BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM shugui@lzb.ac.cn RI Chappellaz, Jerome/A-4872-2011; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/G-1995-2011; Raynaud, Dominique/H-9626-2016; Lipenkov, Vladimir/Q-8262-2016 OI Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/0000-0001-8296-381X; Lipenkov, Vladimir/0000-0003-4221-5440 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140LN UT WOS:000244506800007 ER PT J AU Christov, I Christov, CI Jordan, PM AF Christov, Ivan Christov, C. I. Jordan, P. M. TI Cumulative nonlinear effects in acoustic wave propagation SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE compressible flows; shock waves; nonlinear acoustics ID THERMOVISCOUS PHENOMENA; SONIC DISCONTINUITIES; ACCELERATION-WAVES; EQUATIONS; GROWTH; GASES; DECAY AB Two widely-used weakly-nonlinear models of acoustic wave propagation - the inviscid Kuznetsov equation (IKE) and the Lighthill-Westervelt equation (LWE) - are investigated numerically using a Godunov-type finite-difference scheme. A reformulation of the models as conservation laws is proposed, making it possible to use the numerical tools developed for the Euler equations to study the IKE and LWE, ever after the time of shock-formation. It is shown that while the IKE is, without qualification, in very good agreement with the Euler equations, even near the time of shock formation, the same cannot ger erally be said for the LWE. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Christov, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008; Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531; NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 139PB UT WOS:000244443200004 ER PT J AU Rogers, WE Kaihatu, JM Hsu, L Jensen, RE Dykes, JD Holland, KT AF Rogers, W. Erick Kaihatu, James M. Hsu, Larry Jensen, Robert E. Dykes, James D. Holland, K. Todd TI Forecasting and hindcasting waves with the SWAN model in the Southern California Bight SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wave modeling; wave forecasting; wave hindcasting; Southern California Bight; swells; swell forecasting AB The Naval Research Laboratory created a wave forecasting system in support of the Nearshore Canyon Experiment (NCEX) field program. The outer nest of this prediction system encompassed the Southern California Bight. This forecasting system is described in this paper, with analysis of results via comparison to the extensive buoy network in the region. There are a number of potential errors, two of which are poor resolution of islands in the Bight-which have a strong impact on nearshore wave climate-and the use of the stationary assumption for computations. These two problems have straightforward solutions, but the solutions are computationally expensive, so an operational user must carefully consider their cost. The authors study the impact of these two types of error (relative to other errors, such as error in boundary forcing) using several hindcasts performed after the completion of NCEX. It is found that, with buoy observations as ground truth, the stationary assumption leads to a modest increase in root-mean-square error; this is due to relatively poor prediction of the timing of swell arrivals and local sea growth/decay. The model results are found to be sensitive to the resolution of islands; however, coarse resolution does not incur an appreciable penalty in terms of error statistics computed via comparison to buoy observations, suggesting that other errors dominate. Inaccuracy in representation of the local atmospheric forcing likely has a significant impact on wave model error. Perhaps most importantly, the accuracy of directional distribution of wave energy at the open ocean boundaries appears to be a critical limitation on the accuracy of the model-data comparisons inside the Bight. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geol Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rogers, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rogers@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 130PR UT WOS:000243812000001 ER PT S AU Lee, ZP Arnone, R Carder, K He, MX AF Lee, ZhongPing Arnone, Robert Carder, Kendall He, MingXia BE Frouin, RJ Lee, Z TI Determination of primary bands for global ocean-color remote sensing - art. no. 66800D SO COASTAL OCEAN REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Ocean Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ocean-color remote sensing; spectral bands ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYTOPLANKTON; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; ALGORITHMS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; WATERS AB A few years ago, Lee and Carder(1) demonstrated that for the quantitative derivation of major properties in an aqua-environment (information of phytoplankton biomass, colored dissolved organic matter, and bottom status, for instance) from remote sensing of its color, a sensor with roughly similar to 17 spectral bands in the 400 - 800 nm range can provide acceptable results compared to a sensor with 81 consecutive bands (in a 5-nm step). In that study, however, it did not show where the 17 bands should be placed. Here, from nearly 300 hyperspectral measurements of water reflectance taken in both coastal and oceanic waters that covering both optically deep and optically shallow waters, first and second derivatives were calculated after interpolating the measurements into 1-nm resolution. From these hyperspectral derivatives, the occurrence of zero value at each wavelength was accounted for, and a spectrum of the total occurrences was obtained, and further the wavelengths that captured most number of zeros were identified. Because these spectral locations indicate extremum (a local maximum or minimum) of the reflectance spectrum or inflections of the spectral curvature, placing the bands of a sensor at these wavelengths maximize the possibility of capturing (and then accurately restoring) the detailed curve of a reflectance spectrum, and thus maximize the potential of detecting the changes of water and/or bottom properties of various aqua environments with a multi-band sensor. C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Arnone, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6828-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6680 BP D6800 EP D6800 DI 10.1117/12.731940 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BHB62 UT WOS:000252098800009 ER PT S AU Lyon, PE Arnone, RA Gould, RW Lee, ZP Martinolich, PM Ladner, SD Casey, B Sosik, H Vandemark, D Feng, H Morrison, R AF Lyon, P. E. Arnone, R. A. Gould, R. W. Lee, Z. P. Martinolich, P. M. Ladner, S. D. Casey, B. Sosik, H. Vandemark, D. Feng, H. Morrison, R. BE Frouin, RJ Lee, Z TI Automated validation of satellite derived coastal optical products - art. no. 66800E SO COASTAL OCEAN REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Ocean Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID INVERSION; ALGORITHM; RETRIEVAL; COLOR; MODEL AB Automated validation methods and a suite of tools have been developed in a Quality Control Center to analyze the stability and uncertainty of satellite ocean products. The automatic procedures analyze match-ups of near real time coastal bio-optical observations from Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) with satellite-derived ocean color products from MODIS Aqua and Terra, SeaWIFS, Ocean Color Monitor, and MERIS. These tools will be used to compare MVCO in situ data sets (absorption, backscattering, and attenuation coefficients), co-located SeaPRISM-derived water leaving radiances, and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AeroNet) derived aerosol properties with daily satellite bio-optical products and atmospheric correction parameters (aerosol model types, epsilon, angstrom coefficient), to track the long term stability of the bio-optical products and aerosol patterns. The automated procedures will be used to compare the in situ and satellite-derived values, assess seasonal trends, estimate uncertainty of coastal products, and determine the influence and uncertainty of the atmospheric correction procedures. Additionally we will examine the increased resolution of 250m, 500m, and 1 km satellite data from multiple satellite borne sensors to examine the spatial variability and how this variability affects assessing the product uncertainty of coastal match-ups of both bio-optical algorithms and atmospheric correction methods. This report describes the status of the QCC tool development and potential applications of the QCC tool suite. C1 [Lyon, P. E.; Arnone, R. A.; Gould, R. W.; Lee, Z. P.; Martinolich, P. M.; Ladner, S. D.; Casey, B.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lyon, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6828-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6680 BP E6800 EP E6800 DI 10.1117/12.736576 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BHB62 UT WOS:000252098800010 ER PT S AU Arnone, RA Casey, B Ko, D Flynn, P Carrolo, L Ladner, S AF Arnone, R. A. Casey, B. Ko, D. Flynn, P. Carrolo, L. Ladner, S. BE Frouin, RJ Lee, Z TI Forecasting coastal optical properties using ocean color and coastal circulation models - art. no. 66800S SO COASTAL OCEAN REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Ocean Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ocean optics; satellites; ocean color; ocean models AB Coupling the 3-d ocean optical imagery with 3-d circulation models provides a new capability to understand coastal processes. Particle distribution derived from ocean color optical properties were coupled with numerical circulation models to determine a 24 hour forecast of particle concentrations. A 3-d particle concentration field for the coastal ocean was created by extending the surface satellite bio-optical properties vertically by parameterzing an expediential Gaussian depth profile. The shape of the vertical particle profile was constrained by 1) the depth of the 1% light level 2) the mixed layer depth 3) the intensity of the layer stratification 4) and subsurface current field and the surface bio-optical properties. These properties were obtained from MODIS ocean optical products (phytoplankton absorption and backscattering) and the Intra-America Sea Nowcast Forecast System - Naval Coastal Ocean Model. The 3-d particle distribution was imbedded into a 3-d circulation model and the particles advected hourly using forecast model 3-d current. The particles were diffused, dispersed and differentially settled during the advection processes. Following the 24 hour advection, the resultant particle distribution were accumulated into 1 km spatial grid and vertically to a I attenuation length (satellite penetration depth) and the forecast ocean color backscattering image determined. The forecast image was compared with the next day ocean color backscattering image to define the error budget. The ocean color particle tracking, defines fine spatial scales processes such as local upwelling and downwelling, which are essential in understanding the coupling of physical and bio-optical processes. The methods provide new capability for characterizing how subsurface particles layers change in response to cross and along shelf exchange processes. Results show methods to forecast satellite optical properties in coastal areas and examine how sequential MODIS imagery of the particle scattering is related to particle transport and physical processes C1 [Arnone, R. A.; Ko, D.; Flynn, P.; Carrolo, L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Arnone, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6828-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6680 BP S6800 EP S6800 DI 10.1117/12.737201 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BHB62 UT WOS:000252098800021 ER PT S AU Jelinek, M Cristescu, R Kocourek, T Vorlicek, V Remsa, J Stamatin, L Mihaiescu, D Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Jelinek, M. Cristescu, R. Kocourek, T. Vorlicek, V. Remsa, J. Stamatin, L. Mihaiescu, D. Stamatin, I. Mihailescu, I. N. Chrisey, D. B. BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Thin films growth parameters in MAPLE-application to fibrinogen SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA ID PULSED-LASER EVAPORATION; MATRIX; DEPOSITION; POLYMER; PROTEINS AB Increasingly requirements on the thin film quality of functionalized materials are efficiently met by a novel laser processing technique - Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE). Examples of deposition conditions and main features characteristic to film growth rate of MAPLE-fabricated organic materials are summarized. MAPLE experimental results are compared with ones corresponding to the classical Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). In particular, the results of investigation of MAPLE-deposited fibrinogen blood protein thin films using a KrF* excimer laser and characterized by FTIR and Raman spectrometry are reported. C1 [Jelinek, M.; Cristescu, R.; Kocourek, T.; Vorlicek, V.; Remsa, J.] Inst Phys ASCR, Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Jelinek, M.] CVUT, Inst Biomed Engn, Kladno 27201, Czech Republic. [Cristescu, R.; Mihailescu, I. N.] Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest RO-77125, Romania. [Stamatin, L.] Longhin Scarlat Dermato Venerolog Hosp, Bucharest, Romania. [Mihaiescu, D.] Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. [Stamatin, I.] Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Nano SAE 3, Bucharest, Romania. [Chrisey, D. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jelinek, M (reprint author), Inst Phys ASCR, Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RI Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Kocourek, Tomas/G-8432-2014; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014; Vorlicek, Vladimir/G-6369-2014; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; Remsa, Jan/G-7856-2014; OI Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; Remsa, Jan/0000-0002-4923-3038; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117 FU GA ASCR [A1010110]; Institutional Research Plan AV CR [AVOZ 101000522]; CTU Research Project [6640770030, 88/1] FX This project was supported by the GA ASCR, Project No. A1010110 and by Institutional Research Plan AV CR No. AVOZ 101000522. Our thanks should be also expressed to CTU Research Project No. 6640770030 and No. 88/1. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 22 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/005 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200005 ER PT S AU Cristescu, R Jelinek, M Kocourek, T Axente, E Grigorescu, S Moldovan, A Mihaiescu, DE Albulescu, M Buruiana, T Dybal, J Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R. Jelinek, M. Kocourek, T. Axente, E. Grigorescu, S. Moldovan, A. Mihaiescu, D. E. Albulescu, M. Buruiana, T. Dybal, J. Stamatin, I. Mihailescu, I. N. Chrisey, D. B. BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of pullulan tailor-made biomaterial thin films for controlled drug delivery systems SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA ID DEPOSITION AB We report the first successful deposition of cinnamate-pullulan polysaccharide thin films by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE). Thin film depositions were performed in vacuum using a KrF* excimer laser source (lambda = 248 nm, tau approximate to 20 ns) operated at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The dependence on incident laser fluence of the induced surface morphology is studied. We demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy that our MAPLE-deposited cinnamate-pullulan thin films are composed of starting materials preserving their chemical structures, with no impurities. C1 [Cristescu, R.; Axente, E.; Grigorescu, S.; Moldovan, A.; Mihailescu, I. N.] Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, MG-36, RO-77125 Bucharest, Romania. [Cristescu, R.; Jelinek, M.; Kocourek, T.] Inst Phys ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic. [Mihaiescu, D. E.] Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med, Bucharest, Romania. [Albulescu, M.] Natl Inst Chem Pharmaceut R&D, Bucharest 74373, Romania. [Buruiana, T.] Petru Poni Inst Macromol Chem, R-6600 Iasi, Romania. [Dybal, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Macromol Chem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Stamatin, I.] Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Chrisey, D. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, MG-36, RO-77125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica.cristescu@inflpr.ro RI AXENTE, Emanuel/C-4812-2011; Dybal, Jiri/A-8290-2008; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Kocourek, Tomas/G-8432-2014; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Dybal, Jiri/0000-0002-9148-3655; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117; AXENTE, Emanuel/0000-0003-1946-5863 FU GA ASCR [A1010110]; Institutional Research Plan [AVOZ 101000522]; CTU [6640770030]; CERES [4-178/15.11.2004]; Office of Naval FX Experiments were carried out in the frame of the exchanges between Romanian and Czech Republic Academies. This project was supported by the GA ASCR, Project No. A1010110 and the Institutional Research Plan AV CR No. AVOZ 101000522. Our thanks should be also expressed to CTU Research Project No. 6640770030 and No. 88/1. RC, EA, SG, MA, T.B, DM, IS, and INM acknowledge with thanks the financial support of Contracts CERES 4-178/15.11.2004. One of us (DBC) gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Office of Naval .Research. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 144 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/031 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200031 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Berti, L Pons, T Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Berti, Lorenzo Pons, Thomas Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Quantum dot-DNA bioconjugates for fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensing - art. no. 64480G SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; semiconductor; resonance energy transfer; biosensor; DNA; molecular beacon ID PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALS; DONORS; CDSE; FLUOROPHORES; PURIFICATION; ACCEPTORS AB Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have unique photophysical properties which make them excellent fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors. However, lack of facile methods for conjugating biomolecules such as DNA., proteins and peptides to QDs have limited their applications. In this report, we describe a general procedure for the preparation of a synthetic peptide that can be covalently attached to DNA segments and used to facilitate the self-assembly of the modified DNA onto water soluble QDs. To characterize this conjugation strategy, dye-labeled DNA is first reacted with the synthetic peptide and the resulting peptide-DNA then self-assembled onto QDs. QD attachment is verified by monitoring resonance energy transfer efficiency from the QD donor to the dye-labeled DNA acceptor. QD-DNA bioconjugates assembled using this method may find applications as molecular beacons and hybridization probes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6561-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6448 BP G4480 EP G4480 AR 64480G DI 10.1117/12.699384 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGF77 UT WOS:000246495800007 ER PT S AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Wang, X English, DS Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Wang, Xiang English, Doug S. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Single quantum dot fluorescence resonant energy transfer: Probing the heterogeneity in macroscopic samples - art. no. 64480I SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystal; quantum dot; fluorescence energy transfer; single particle ID LIVE CELLS; CDSE; NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; DYNAMICS; MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; CLEAVAGE; DONORS AB We present a single QD FRET study that allows us to probe the heterogeneity in QD-dye labeled protein conjugates. We first show that QDs are compatible with spFRET detection by demonstrating the equivalence of single particle and ensemble measurement modalities in terms of derived average FRET efficiencies and separation distances between a QD donor and dyes attached to specific sites on conjugated proteins. We then use spFRET data to demonstrate that the valence distribution of QD-protein conjugates follows Poisson statistics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pons, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6561-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6448 BP I4480 EP I4480 AR 64480I DI 10.1117/12.717539 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGF77 UT WOS:000246495800009 ER PT S AU Delehanty, JB Medintz, IL Pons, T Dawson, PE Brunel, FM Mattoussi, H AF Delehanty, James B. Medintz, Igor L. Pons, Thomas Dawson, Philip E. Brunel, Florence M. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Selective cellular delivery of self-assembled quantum dot-peptide bioconjugates - art. no. 64480U SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; fluorophore; peptide; HIV-1 Tat; cellular labeling; transmembrane; endocytosis; translocation ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ARGININE-RICH PEPTIDES; TAT-FUSION PROTEINS; PENETRATING PEPTIDES; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; LONG-TERM; CELLS; NANOCRYSTALS; DONORS; MACROPINOCYTOSIS AB We demonstrate the selective delivery of self-assembled luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide bioconjugates into several eukaryotic cell lines. A 23-mer hetero-bifunctional peptide bearing a positively-charged oligoarginine domain and a terminal polyhistidine tract was synthesized and used to mediate the cellular internalization of the QD-bioconjugates. The polyhistidine tract allows the peptide to self-assemble onto the QD surface via metal-ion coordination while the oligoarginine domain mediates the specific uptake of the QD-bioconjugates via electrostatic interactions with cell surface receptors. In both HEK 293T/17 and COS-1 cells, this peptide-mediated delivery is concentration-dependent in terms of both the QD concentration and the peptide:QD ratio. Intracellularly, the QD signal is punctate in appearance and some, but not all, of the QDs are located within recycling endosomes as evidenced by their colocalization with transferrin. In both cell lines, the QD-bioconjugates elicit minimal cytotoxicity within the timeframe required for adequate cellular uptake. The specificity of this delivery strategy is demonstrated by performing a multicolor QD labeling, wherein the presence or absence of the peptide on the QD surface controls cellular uptake. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6561-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6448 BP U4480 EP U4480 AR 64480U DI 10.1117/12.700768 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGF77 UT WOS:000246495800015 ER PT J AU Oran, ES Gamezo, VN AF Oran, Elaine S. Gamezo, Vadim N. TI Origins of the deflagration-to-detonation transition in gas-phase combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Review DE deflagration; detonation; DDT; numerical simulation; shock-flame interactions; shock flame-boundary layer interactions ID SHOCK-FLAME INTERACTIONS; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; IA SUPERNOVAE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HOT-SPOTS; THERMONUCLEAR SUPERNOVAE; FRONT PROPAGATION; STRONG IGNITION; LIGHT CURVES; INITIATION AB This paper summarizes a 10-year theoretical and numerical effort to understand the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). To simulate DDT from first principles, it is necessary to resolve the relevant scales ranging from the size of the system to the flame thickness, a range that can cover up to 12 orders of magnitude in real systems. This computational challenge resulted in the development of numerical algorithms for solving coupled partial and ordinary differential equations and a new method for adaptive mesh refinement to deal with multiscale phenomena. Insight into how, when, and where DDT occurs was obtained by analyzing a series of multidimensional numerical simulations of laboratory experiments designed to create a turbulent flame through a series of shock-flame interactions. The simulations showed that these interactions are important for creating the conditions in which DDT can occur. Flames enhance the strength of shocks passing through a turbulent flame brush and generate new shocks. In turn, shock interactions with flames create and drive the turbulence in flames. The turbulent flame itself does not undergo a transition, but it creates conditions in nearby unreacted material that lead to ignition centers, or "hot spots," which can then produce a detonation through the Zeldovich gradient mechanism involving gradients of reactivity. Obstacles and boundary layers, through their interactions with shocks and flames, help to create environments in which hot spots can develop. Other scenarios producing reactivity gradients that can lead to detonations include flame-flame interactions, turbulent mixing of hot products with reactant gases, and direct shock ignition. Major unresolved questions concern the properties of nonequilibrium, shock-driven turbulence, stochastic properties of ignition events, and the possibility of unconfined DDT. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluids Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluids Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oran@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 121 TC 160 Z9 182 U1 11 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.07.010 PG 44 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 123XT UT WOS:000243331100002 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Ananth, R Hoover, JB Foote, AB Whitehurst, CL Williams, FW AF Willauer, Heather D. Ananth, Ramagopal Hoover, John B. Foote, Andrew B. Whitehurst, Clarence L. Williams, Frederick W. TI Flammability of aerosols generated by a rotary atomizer SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; flammability; jet fuel; rotary atomizer ID AIR MIXTURES; JET FUEL; IGNITION; FLUIDS; ATOMIZATION; ADDITIVES; DISK AB Flammability of aerosols of hydrocarbon liquids was studied using a spinning disk atomizer, which simulates accidental aerosolization of a fuel from an aircraft. We determined the critical droplet sizes and fuel flow rates (or mass flux) needed to create an aerosol mixture that forms a stable flame upon ignition. At lower droplet sizes or higher flow rates than the critical values the aerosol mixtures were flammable. The critical flow rate increases with the droplet size for JP5 and are lower by a factor of 3 to 5 for heptane. The flammability diagram enables a quantitative comparison of different liquids in aerosol form. This is significantly different from the thermodynamic behavior of a liquid pool, which is dictated by the flash point or vapor pressure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heather.Willauer@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 7 BP 1303 EP 1326 DI 10.1080/00102200601147799 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 176BY UT WOS:000247058900004 ER PT J AU Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Williams, FW AF Ndubizu, Chuka C. Ananth, Ramagopal Williams, Fredrick W. TI Suppression and extinguishments of forced-flow boundary layer combustion by ultrafine water mist SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boundary layer flame; flame suppression; solid burning; water mist ID BURNING RATE; FIRE SUPPRESSION; DROPLETS; FLAMES; EXTINCTION; DYNAMICS; PLATE; MODEL AB Experiments were performed to quantify the effects of droplet concentration and air velocity on the suppression and extinguishment of a boundary layer flame with ultrafine water mist (UFM). Unlike the traditional nozzles, UFM has very small droplet size (Sauter mean diameter, 3 mm) and forms laminar flow with low momentum. The results show that the UFM mass fraction needed to extinguish the flame decreases linearly by a factor of 7 as the air velocity is doubled. About 12% UFM is needed to extinguish the flame when the data are extrapolated to zero air velocity. Below the extinction concentration, the flame temperature is reduced slightly, but the local burning rate is suppressed significantly. In contrast, the spray-nozzle-mist (SMD range 15 to 50 mm, high momentum) enhanced the local burning rate at water concentrations below the extinction limit. Furthermore, the extinction concentrations are significantly lower with the spray-nozzle-mist than with UFM. The precise reasons for this are not clear but it may be due to better penetration of high-momentum droplets into the flame than the UFM. Unlike the UFM, the nozzle spray induces turbulence in the flame. Despite these differences, the UFM and nozzle mist data show that the extinction concentration exhibits a shallow minimum in the range of 25 to 40 mu m as the droplet size is increased. C1 Geocenters Inc, Newton Ctr, MA 02459 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC USA. RP Ananth, R (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 7 Wells Ave, Newton Ctr, MA 02459 USA. EM rananth@castor.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 9 BP 1867 EP 1899 DI 10.1080/00102200701260278 PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 195YY UT WOS:000248449600006 ER PT B AU Zolin, R Kropp, F AF Zolin, Roxanne Kropp, Fredric BE Gibbons, DE TI How governments can help businesses weather a cataclysmic disaster SO Communicable Crises: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY IN THE GLOBAL ARENA SE RESEARCH IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Communicable Crises CY AUG 15-17, 2005 CL Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies, Vancouver, CANADA SP IPMN HO Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies ID ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION; RISK-TAKING; ENVIRONMENT; PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; LINKING; MODEL AB Natural disasters, terrorism, or other nonfinancial sources of crisis may lead to economic difficulties that delay the recovery process. Disasters take an enormous toll on businesses, ranging from short periods where no income will be generated, to permanent closure. When businesses fail, the economic repercussions add more negative consequences to a community already struck by disaster. One of the first needs in disaster recovery is distribution of goods and services. One of the first goals in reconstruction is re-growth of the economy. Both of these needs are served by business activity in the community. It is important, therefore, that government bodies assist and interact with affected businesses to increase their chances of survival. What helps or hinders business survival of a cataclysmic disaster? In this chapter, we explore characteristics of government response that can help more businesses survive and prosper in the midst of a communicable crisis. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-59311-608-8 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAGE PY 2007 BP 241 EP 264 PG 24 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BGA97 UT WOS:000245858600009 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Nathan, TR AF Hodyss, Daniel Nathan, Terrence R. TI Instability of marginally stable streamwise varying shear flow to long Rossby waves SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE linear instability; coupled wave; long Rossby waves; streamwise varying ID CRITICAL LAYER; ZONAL FLOWS; STABILITY; ANOMALIES; MEDIA AB The instability of streamwise varying shear flow that is marginally stable to long Rossby waves is examined. Both Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian flows are considered within the framework of coupled wave instability (CWI). The CWI is shown to be mediated by a 'physical' wave and a 'virtual' wave. The physical/virtual wave model concisely describes the differences between the instabilities that develop on locally supercritical flow and those that develop on globally subcritical flow. Globally subcritical Hamiltonian flows are proven to be stable. In contrast, non-Hamiltonian flows may be unstable in both locally supercritical and globally subcritical regimes. In locally supercritical flow, the CWI grows via wave-resonance between the physical/virtual wave pair and is highly localized to the supercritical region. In contrast, in globally subcritical flow, the CWI grows via pseudomomentum extraction from the background flow and either radiates away or remains attached to the streamwise variation in the flow. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nathan, Terrence R.] Univ Calif Davis, Atmospher Sci Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Garce Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil; trnathan@ucdavis.edu RI Nathan, Terrence/F-5958-2011 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 833 EP 849 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 255NH UT WOS:000252664200005 ER PT J AU Ji, GH Wang, Q Zhang, PW Wang, HY Zhou, H AF Ji, Guanghua Wang, Qi Zhang, Pingwen Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Steady states and their stability of homogeneous, rigid, extended nematic polymers under imposed magnetic fields SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nematic liquid crystal; kinetic theory; polymers; magnetic field; electric field; bifurcation; steady state; phase transition; polarity; stability ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL POLYMERS; MOLEKULAR-STATISTISCHE THEORIE; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; KRISTALLINFLUSSIGEN PHASE; CLOSURE APPROXIMATIONS; SHEARING FLOWS; WEAK SHEAR; EQUILIBRIA; ALIGNMENT; DIAGRAM AB We study the steady state phase behavior of homogeneous, rigid, extended (polar) nematic polymers or nematic dispersions under imposed magnetic (or electric fields), in which the intermolecular dipole-dipole and excluded volume interaction as well as external field contribution are accounted for. We completely characterize the phase diagram for polar nematics with and without permanent magnetic moments (or dipoles). For nematics without magnetic moments, the steady state is either purely nematic or polar depending on the strength of the excluded volume and the dipole-dipole interaction, in which the nonzero polarity vector (the first moment vector) is coaxial with the second moment tenser, thereby the steady state pdf is determined essentially by up to three scalar order parameters and a rotational group of SO(2) transverse to the imposed field direction. For nematics with permanent magnetic moments (or dipoles), the steady states are polar and the polarity vector is parallel to the external field direction when a necessary condition for parameters is met. When the condition is violated, only stable steady states have their polarity vector parallel to the external field direction and there are thermodynamically unstable nonparallel states. The stability of the steady states is inferred from the minimum of the free energy density. C1 [Ji, Guanghua; Zhang, Pingwen] Peking Univ, LMAM, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ji, Guanghua; Zhang, Pingwen] Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ji, Guanghua] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qi] Nankai Univ, Sch Math, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qi] Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ji, GH (reprint author), Peking Univ, LMAM, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM ghji@bnu.edu.cn; wang@math.fsu.edu; pzhang@pku.edu.cn; hzhou@nps.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 917 EP 950 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 255NH UT WOS:000252664200010 ER PT J AU Bao, G Minut, A Zhou, ZF AF Bao, Gang Minut, Aurelia Zhou, Zhengfang TI L-p estimates for Maxwell's equations with source term SO COMMUNICATIONS IN PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE L-p estimates; Maxwell's equations; second harmonic generation ID DOUBLY PERIODIC STRUCTURE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SCATTERING; OPTICS AB The goal of this paper is to establish interior and global L-p-type estimates for the solutions of Maxwell's equations with source term in a domain filled with two different materials separated by a C-2 interface. The usual elliptic estimates cannot be applied directly, due to the singularity of the dielectric permittivity. A special curl-div decomposition is introduced for the electric field to reduce the problem to an elliptic equation in divergence form with jump coefficients. The potential analysis and the jump condition lead to the interior L-p estimates which are superior to the straightforward Nash-Moser estimates. The reduction procedure is expected to be useful for future numerical simulation. Because of the natural physical requirements, the boundary condition is nonlocal and involves a first order pseudo-differential operator, the boundary estimate is established by delicate new maximum principles and Riesz convexity arguments. These estimates are then employed to solve a nonlinear optics problem that arises in the modeling of surface enhanced second-harmonic generation of nonlinear diffractive optics in periodic structures (gratings). C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bao, G (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bao@math.msu.edu RI Bao, Gang/F-1746-2014; Bao, Gang/B-8955-2015 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-5302 J9 COMMUN PART DIFF EQ JI Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7-9 BP 1449 EP 1471 DI 10.1080/03605300701249630 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 218JX UT WOS:000250012900018 ER PT S AU Fatemi, FK Olson, SE Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Terraciano, MA AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Olson, Spencer E. Bashkansky, Mark Dutton, Zachary Terraciano, Matthew A. BE Andrews, DL Galvez, EJ Nienhuis, G TI Single-beam, dark toroidal optical traps for cold atoms - art. no. 648307 SO Complex Light and Optical Forces SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Light and Optical Forces CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE bottle beams; atom traps; spatial light modulation ID COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS; LIGHT AB We demonstrate the generation of single-beam dark toroidal optical intensity distributions, which are of interest for neutral atom storage and atom interferometry. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically optical potentials that contain a ring-shaped intensity minimum, bounded in all directions by higher intensity. We use a spatial light modulator to alter the phase of an incident laser beam, and analyze the resulting optical propagation characteristics. For small toroidal traps (< 50 mu m diameter), we find an optimal superposition of Laguerre-Gaussian modes that allows the formation of single-beam toroidal traps. We generate larger toroidal bottle traps by focusing hollow beams with toroidal lenses imprinted onto the spatial light modulator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6596-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6483 BP 48307 EP 48307 AR 648307 DI 10.1117/12.701078 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGE98 UT WOS:000246369600006 ER PT S AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Bashkansky, Mark Dutton, Zachary BE Andrews, DL Galvez, EJ Nienhuis, G TI High-speed, dynamic spatial control of cold atoms with combined acousto-optic and spatial light modulation SO COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Light and Optical Forces CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE atom trapping; spatial light modulation ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL TRAP; MANIPULATION; GENERATION; BEAMS AB We demonstrate an experimental technique for manipulating atom clouds with high-speed and high resolution. By combining holographically engineered laser beams from a spatial light modulator with acousto-optic deflection, we manipulate the spatial locations of multiple cold atom clouds held in dark optical traps with individual site control. Additionally, we demonstrate smooth 2-dimensional motion of atomic ensembles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6596-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6483 AR 648305 DI 10.1117/12.701009 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGE98 UT WOS:000246369600004 ER PT S AU Berzins, LV Musial, PM AF Berzins, Luqi V. Musial, P. M. BE Kordon, F Sokolsky, O TI Reliability properties of models for flexible design and run-time analysis SO COMPOSITION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL ISSUES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Monterey Workshop CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn AB Development and analysis of complex systems embedded in physical environments requires special modeling techniques. Development aids involve abstraction on multiple levels of representation in order to connect cross-cutting constraints and facilitate involvement of various stakeholders. Alternatively, run-time analysis requires type of modeling that is based on representation of interactions and behaviors. We discuss the Documentation Driven Development (DDD) approach for software development and Agent Based Systems for run-time analysis. We show that despite differences in architectures and functions both approaches possess important properties of reliability and flexibility and allow easy upgrading of their elements. C1 [Berzins, Luqi V.; Musial, P. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berzins, LV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77418-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4888 BP 207 EP 219 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHJ05 UT WOS:000253476900012 ER PT S AU Fossati, D Di Eugenio, B Ohlsson, S Brown, C Chen, L AF Fossati, Davide Di Eugenio, Barbara Ohlsson, Stellan Brown, Christopher Chen, Lin BE Gelbukh, A TI Expert vs. non-expert tutoring: Dialogue moves, interaction patterns and multi-utterance turns SO COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS AND INTELLIGENT TEXT PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics CY FEB 18-24, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP IPN, Nat Language & Text Proc Lab AB Studies of one-on-one tutoring have found that expert tutoring is more effective than non-expert tutoring, but the reasons for its effectiveness are relatively unexplored. Since tutoring involves deep natural language interactions between tutor and student, we explore the differences between an expert and non-expert tutors through the analysis of individual dialogue moves, tutorial interaction patterns and multiutterance turns. Our results are a first step showing what behaviors constitute expertise and provide a basis for modeling effective tutorial language in intelligent tutoring systems. C1 [Fossati, Davide] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Comp Sci, POB 24866, Doha 24866, Qatar. [Di Eugenio, Barbara; Chen, Lin] Univ Illinois, Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Ohlsson, Stellan] Univ Illinois, Psychol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Brown, Christopher] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fossati, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Comp Sci, POB 24866, Doha 24866, Qatar. EM bdieugen@uic.edu; stellan@uic.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000140710040, N000140010640]; Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago; National Science Foundation [ALT0536968, IIS0133123]; Computing Research Association [CIF186]; Qatar National Research Fund [NPRP 59391115] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Awards N000140710040 and N000140010640); the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago (Deans Scholar Award 2008/2009); the National Science Foundation (Awards ALT0536968 and IIS0133123); and the Computing Research Association (Computing Innovation Fellowship CIF186). Current work on ChiQat-Tutor is supported by the Qatar National Research Fund (Award NPRP 59391115). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-70938-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4394 BP 456 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA BFS87 UT WOS:000244441100040 ER PT S AU Ames, RG Murphy, MJ AF Ames, R. G. Murphy, M. J. BE Mamoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI A methodology for momentum flux measurements in two-phase blast flows SO Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow IV SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Mehtods in Multiphase Flow CY JUN 12-14, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico, WIT Transact Engn Sci DE multiphase blast; two phase blast; diagnostics; momentum flux; impulse AB Modern diagnostics for air blast waves have been developed to the point that they are sufficiently accurate and robust to capture most blast phenomena of interest (most often pressure). Two-phase blast flows also transport momentum and energy in a non-gas phase and, as such, the properties of this second phase must be accounted for in estimating flowfield parameters. Standard air blast diagnostics are not sufficient to capture these effects and the diagnostics that do exist for multiphase flows normally rely on steady conditions or sampling periods of at least a few milliseconds. The extreme transients associated with multiphase blast flows (microsecond-scale) preclude the use of such techniques. For this reason, novel approaches are required in order to capture the total momentum and energy flux in two-phase blast flows. This paper outlines a novel suite of diagnostics and an analysis technique that allows for momentum flux measurements in two-phase blast flows. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ames, RG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-079-8 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2007 VL 56 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.2495/MPF070041 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BGJ85 UT WOS:000247828100004 ER PT S AU Roy, N Choi, HL Gombos, D Hansen, J How, J Park, S AF Roy, Nicholas Choi, Han-Lim Gombos, Daniel Hansen, James How, Jonathan Park, Sooho BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Adaptive observation strategies for forecast error minimization SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam ID ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB Using a scenario of multiple mobile observing platforms (UAVs) measuring weather variables in distributed regions of the Pacific, we are developing algorithms that will lead to improved forecasting of high-impact weather events. We combine technologies from the nonlinear weather prediction and planning/control communities to create a close link between model predictions and observed measurements, choosing future measurements that minimize the expected forecast error under time-varying conditions. We have approached the problem on three fronts. We have developed an information-theoretic algorithm for selecting environment measurements in a computationally effective way. This algorithm determines the best discrete locations and times to take additional measurement for reducing the forecast uncertainty in the region of interest while considering the mobility of the sensor platforms. Our second algorithm learns to use past experience in predicting good routes to travel between measurements. Experiments show that these approaches work well on idealized models of weather patterns. C1 [Roy, Nicholas; Park, Sooho] MIT, Comp Sci & Artif Intelligence Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Choi, Han-Lim; How, Jonathan] MIT, Aerosp Controls Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gombos, Daniel] MIT, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hansen, James] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roy, N (reprint author), MIT, Comp Sci & Artif Intelligence Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI How, Jonathan/0000-0001-8576-1930 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 1138 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800149 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Miyoshi, DK AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Miyoshi, Dina K. TI Social desirability effects on computerized and paper-and-pencil questionnaires SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT; ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES; DRUG-USE; INTERVIEW; RESPONSES; ALCOHOL; EQUIVALENCE; INFORMATION; RELIABILITY; DISCLOSURE AB The objectives of the present study were to determine the impact of computer administration of questionnaires on impression management (IM) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and on the disclosure of sensitive information such as alcohol use and risky sex. College students (N = 301) completed several questionnaires in either a computer-administered or paper-and-pencil condition. Respondents who completed the survey on the computer scored significantly higher on SDE than those completing the survey on paper. No differences were found for IM. Respondents in the computer condition also reported a higher level of alcohol consumption and riskier sexual behaviors than those in the paper-and-pencil condition. It is possible that computer administration of surveys creates a social situation that produces a sense of disinhibition in respondents, and this sense of disinhibition may lead to greater reports of risky behaviors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego Mesa Coll, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kewley@nhre.navy.mil NR 41 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 EI 1873-7692 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.020 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 095OT UT WOS:000241318000027 ER PT S AU Familiant, YL Holmes, DG Lipo, TA McGrath, BP AF Familiant, Yakov L. Holmes, D. G. Lipo, T. A. McGrath, B. P. GP IEEE TI A General Modulation Strategy for a Five-level Three-Phase Current Source Inverter with Regulated Intermediate DC Link Currents SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID MULTILEVEL INVERTERS AB Multilevel converters use series/parallelled semiconductor switching devices to synthesise switched waveforms at power levels that are well above individual device ratings. To date, most multilevel inverter research has focused on voltage source structures, primarily because these topologies address the more common high power converter limiting factor of device voltage ratings. However, multilevel current source converters can have advantages in lower voltage, very high current applications, or in situations where, despite their higher losses, DC inductors have reliability benefits compared to electrolytic capacitors. This paper presents an integrated three phase 5-level Current Source Inverter topology that requires only two intermediate link inductors, and shows how it can be controlled by mapping modulation control signals from a multilevel VSI controller. This allows the wealth of existing knowledge relating to modulation of multilevel VSI's to be immediately applied to the multilevel CSI. The mapping process matches space vectors created by the VSI modulation process to equivalent CSI space vectors, and then selects between redundant space vector alternatives to maintain the current balance of the intermediate link inductors. The converter operation has been verified in a detailed circuit simulation taking account of all second order effects. C1 [Familiant, Yakov L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Familiant, YL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. OI Familiant, Yakov/0000-0001-6653-8725; McGrath, Brendan/0000-0002-3378-6690 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900085 ER PT B AU Papalexidis, N Walker, TO Gkionis, C Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Papalexidis, Nikolaos Walker, T. Owens, III Gkionis, Charalampos Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Matthews, MB TI A distributed approach to beamforming in a wireless sensor network SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE wireless sensor networks; distributed beamforming AB A beamforming approach can be used in a wireless sensor network (WSN) to increase the effective communication range of the network. In this paper, the impact on array performance of node position deviations with respect to the ideal array element locations is examined and a distributed beamforming algorithm is proposed to compensate for these position deviations. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed solution closely approximates the performance of an ideal uniform linear array. C1 [Papalexidis, Nikolaos; Walker, T. Owens, III; Gkionis, Charalampos; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Papalexidis, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 606 EP 610 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900115 ER PT B AU Jenn, D Loke, Y Tong, M Yeo, EC Broadston, R AF Jenn, David Loke, Yong Tong, Matthew Yeo, Eng Choon Broadston, Robert BE Matthews, MB TI Distributed phased arrays with wireless beamforming SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper examines various aspects of distributed phased arrays that incorporate wireless beamforming. Each array element is comprised of a self-contained transmit receive module and local controller. There are no hardwired connections between the modules and the central processor. Timing and synchronization are performed wirelessly in real time, and baseband received signal data is also transferred wirelessly. The system design and performance tradeoffs are discussed, including the wireless network configuration and data rate, throughput and latency, signal processing, and timing and synchronization approaches. A two element demonstration array was built and tested to validate critical concepts and to develop array signal processing and controller software. C1 [Jenn, David; Loke, Yong; Tong, Matthew; Yeo, Eng Choon; Broadston, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 948 EP 952 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900180 ER PT B AU Caldwell, J Tummala, M AF Caldwell, James Tummala, Murali BE Matthews, MB TI Hyper phase shift keying (HPSK) modulation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE bandwidth efficiency; orthonormal; phase shift keying; probability of bit error AB A new modulation technique that uses four orthonormal basis functions is proposed. Using four orthonormal basis functions provides an advantage over most traditional modulation techniques such as quadrature phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation that only possess two degrees of freedom. Hyper phase shift keying offers an increase in error performance over these modulation techniques for the same energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio. As a result, hyper phase shift keying offers a novel way to improve communications using easy to generate waveforms. First, traditional modulation techniques are reviewed and then the hyper phase shift keying modulation technique is introduced. Finally, the different techniques are compared in terms of probability of bit error and bandwidth efficiency. C1 [Caldwell, James; Tummala, Murali] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 1000 EP 1004 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900191 ER PT B AU Sarma, A Tufts, DW Comeau, WJ AF Sarma, Ashwin Tufts, Donald W. Comeau, William J. BE Matthews, MB TI On the use of energy concentrating beamformers and filters for detection of wideband angularly spread signals SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID DISTRIBUTED SOURCES; SENSOR ARRAYS AB Slepian described the filter that maximizes the in-band energy while minimizing the out-of-band energy. Clans, Kadota and Romain applied Slepian's results to spatially filter out angularly distributed interference. An important benefit of this approach is that both coherent and incoherent interference can be accommodated. The approach discussed here extends their work by defining matrix filters capable of filtering for a fixed angular sector, [theta(1), theta(2)], over a range of frequencies. A detector of scattered broadband signals arriving within [theta(1), theta(2)] is then specified. The detector is shown to possess important invariances and approximate optimality properties related to Scharf's Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) matched subspace detector. C1 [Sarma, Ashwin; Comeau, William J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 1237 EP 1241 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900238 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, IP Ge, HY AF Kirsteins, Ivars P. Ge, Hongya BE Matthews, MB TI Robust adaptive beamforming of volumetric arrays SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper considers the development of adaptive beamforming algorithms for a prototype volumetric array. Volumetric arrays are desirable in passive sonar systems because of their ability to resolve left-right ambiguity. However, adaptively beamforming volumetric: arrays poses several unique challenges compared to linear arrays such as the large number of hydrophones, lack of sample support, the necessity to know accurately the x,y,z positions of all the elements, and the correlated structure of the ambient noise, even when it is isotropic. These problems are addressed by exploiting the special geometry of the prototype volumetric array by first adaptively forming beams with each of the three individual line subarrays using an expanding Krylov space obtained from a vector conjugate gradient algorithm and then adaptively beamforming the reduced-dimension line subarray beam outputs with Capon's method. The new approach is demonstrated on actual at-sea data and compared against conventional adaptive beamforming methods and is shown to work well and be highly robust. C1 [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 1247 EP 1251 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900240 ER PT B AU Su, W Beilke, KM Ha, TT AF Su, Weilian Beilke, Kyle M. Ha, Tri T. BE Matthews, MB TI A reliability study of RFID technology in a fading channel SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB RFID systems are an important component in the effort to increase the efficiencies of the logistics supply chain for the U.S. Department of Defense. While the U.S. DoD has mandated the use of RFID tags for its suppliers, the technology has not always kept up with the performance expectations. This study explores new modulation and coding techniques to possibly be used in the improvement of the read reliability of RFID systems. Bit and tag error probabilities are computed for OOK modulation scheme in a varying Nakagami-m fading channel. C1 [Su, Weilian; Beilke, Kyle M.; Ha, Tri T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 2124 EP 2127 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172901140 ER PT S AU Fletcher, WH AF Fletcher, William H. BE Hundt, M Nesselhauf, N Biewer, C TI Concordancing the web: promise and problems, tools and techniques SO Corpus Linguistics and the Web SE LANGUAGE AND COMPUTERS : STUDIES IN PRACTICAL LINGUISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corpus Linguistics - Perspective for the Future CY OCT 01, 2004 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY AB The web is an inexhaustible reservoir of machine-readable texts in most of the world's written languages for compiling corpora or consulting directly as a 'corpus'. This paper first surveys some characteristics of the web and discusses the potential rewards and practical limitations of exploiting the web either directly as a linguistic corpus or to compile corpora. Particular attention is paid to search engines, our gateways to the web. The author then reviews several innovative applications of web data to corpus-related issues. KWiCFinder (KF), developed by the author to help realize the web's promise for language scholars and learners, is described and motivated in detail. KF, readily accessible to novices yet powerful enough for advanced researchers, conducts web searches, retrieves matching online documents, and produces an interactive keyword in context concordance of the search terms. This paper then discusses the pitfalls of 'webidence' in serious research and proposes an initial solution. Finally the author reviews the future of the web for corpus research and application. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS RODOPI B V PI AMSTERDAM PA TIJNMUIDEN 7, 1046 AK AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-5034 BN 978-90-420-2128-0 J9 LANG COMPUT PY 2007 VL 59 BP 25 EP 45 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA BFS03 UT WOS:000244130900003 ER PT J AU Aiello, L Agarwala, V AF Aiello, Lorenzo Agarwala, Vinod TI Galvanic sensor for monitoring structural damage SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Conference on Corrosion in the Military CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID CONVERSION COATINGS; CHROMATE AB In recent years there has been an increased research activity on aircraft health monitoring tools. Numerous studies have been carried out as a response to the demand for a better damage detection in inaccessible areas. In most of these studies, the hidden corrosion events are significantly related to the nature and magnitude of corrosive environment present in the localized hidden areas. Because of the difficulty in accessing hidden zones and the limitations of NDE currently used, primarily corrosion damages go undetected in the hidden areas during routine maintenance inspection. For old aircraft, the accumulation with time of even weak/least corrosive environments can produce serious structural damage, as demonstrated by enormous weight loss of material in some parts. In many critical aircraft parts the undetected corroded surfaces may lead to structural concerns acting as promoters and/or initiation sites of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue phenomena. In an earlier effort, galvanic probes were designed and employed to measure galvanic current using electrochemical technique to monitor the corrosivity of an environment on a continuing basis in inaccessible areas. Among them, the ICS (Intelligent Corrosivity Sensor) has been the most successful application: this probe is a galvanic device that uses the condensed moisture and the environment's pollutants as an electrolyte, generating a cell current that relates to the corrosivity of the condensed film. In the present work, a preliminary study has been done on modified ICS, to develop a probe for specifically measuring the corrosion structural part as in lap joints; i.e., probes were installed on the internal side of sandwich specimens made of Al 7075-T6 alloy. Preliminary results show that the sensor output from such tests can be used in the evaluation of hidden surface corrosion and serve as a meaningful tool to provide quite an accurate warning for subsequent inspection. C1 Italian Air Force, Flight Test Ctr, Dept Chem, AFB Practica Mare, I-00040 Pomezia, Italy. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Aiello, L (reprint author), Italian Air Force, Flight Test Ctr, Dept Chem, AFB Practica Mare, I-00040 Pomezia, Italy. EM lorenzoaiello@tiscali.it NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 147RE UT WOS:000245019300005 ER PT J AU Charca, SM Uwakweh, ONC Agarwala, VA AF Charca, Samuel M. Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Agarwala, Vinod A. TI Comparative study of hydrogen transport behaviors in Armco-Fe and AF1410 steels SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE Cathodic Polarization; Hydrogen charging; Hydrogen transport; Armco-Fe; AF1410; coefficient of diffusion; blister formation ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; EVOLUTION KINETICS; IRON; DIFFUSION; METALS; ENTRY AB Hydrogen is known to dissolve in steel materials with accompanying degradation of properties, and eventual materials failure. The extent of hydrogen transport effects, and eventual materials failure depends on both the nature of steel material, and its ingressing method. The study focuses on the comparative study of hydrogen transport in Armco-Fe and ultra high strength AF1410 steels. The Devanathan and Stachursky double cell (DSDC) configuration otherwise known as the permeation set-up is adopted for hydrogen charging as a function of materials thickness via cathodic polarizations in varying aqueous media. The input side cell consisted of a mixture of sulfuric acid (0.1M H2SO4) impregnated with lgA of (Na2HAsO4.7H(2)O) sodium arsenate (as a hydrogen promoter, otherwise known as poison) after comparative tests proved it best amongst others investigated for hydrogen permeation at ambient temperatures. The input cell was powered with a potentiostat for the purpose of ensuring reproducibility between experimental runs. Based on the analyses of the permeation profiles, the coefficient of diffusion is determined to be 1.50 -5.05 x 10(-8) cm(2)/S for the AF1410 steel and 1.39 - 2.40 X10(-5) cm(2)/S for the Armco-Fe. Though blister formation was found to depend on charging medium, polarization current, and the thermodynamic state of the material, it was generally, substantially higher in Armco-Fe than with AF1410. Their blistering behaviors can be reconciled on the basis of their differing inherent contents and microstructural differences. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Gen Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Charca, SM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Gen Engn, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 400 PG 24 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 156BL UT WOS:000245622800010 ER PT J AU Uwakweh, ONC Agarwala, VS AF Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Agarwala, Vinod S. TI Effects of hydrogen charging on austenitic alloys: A comparative study of type-321 stainless steel and Fe-1.95C binary austenitic steel SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE hydrogen charging; Cathodic Polarization; Austenitic Stainless Steel; AISI-321; binary Fe-C Austenite; Martensite; Mossbauer Effect Measurement ID IRON AB The cold rolled AISI-321 austenitic stainless steel after prolonged cathodic polarizations in an aqueous electrolytic medium of sulfuric acid containing arsenic (V) oxide [0.1M H2SO4 + 1g/l AS(2)O(5)(V) I undergoes structural transformation involving macroscopic buckling, permanent bending, and eventual tearing along the edges. Microscopically, dislocation networks, stacking faults, and martensitic phases are observed with prolonged H-charging. When compared to the charging of high Fe-C austenites, Fe-C system shows surface striations whereas none is observed with the stainless steel. While buckling and bending are also observed in FeC alloys, lathes-like alpha'-martensites are observed in stainless steel, while acicular types in the Fe-C alloys. The optimal cathodic polarization necessary to provoke structural deformation for Fe-C alloy is within 2200 A/m(2), while it is in the range is 50-5000 A/m for Type-321. Mossbauer effect measurements (MEM) show that both materials decompose with retained austenite in proportion to degree of hydrogen charging, with an upper limit of 63% transformation in Fe-1.5C, while a mere 13% in the case of AISI-321. The Fe site in the formed martensites, and retained austenite are not affected by the degree or extent of the austenitic decomposition. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Gen Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Uwakweh, ONC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Gen Engn, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 423 EP 448 PG 26 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 156BL UT WOS:000245622800012 ER PT J AU Taylor, SR Shiflet, GJ Scully, JR Buchheit, RG VanOoij, WJ Sieradzki, K Diaz, RE Brinker, CJ Moran, AL AF Taylor, S. R. Shiflet, G. J. Scully, J. R. Buchheit, R. G. VanOoij, W. J. Sieradzki, K. Diaz, R. E. Brinker, C. J. Moran, A. L. TI Increasing the functionality of military coatings using nano-dimensioned materials SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Corrosion in Aircraft Structures and Ground Vehicle CY APR, 2003 CL Ravello, ITALY SP USA, European Res Off, Off Naval Res Global, Univ Naples, Dept Aeronaut & Mat & Product Engn DE multi-functional coating; amorphous cladding; high throughput screening; inhibitors; sol gel nanocapsule; silane; hydrotalcite; colloidal crystalline array; sensing; color-on-demand ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS; HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; BOILING HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; MILD-STEEL; CORROSION INHIBITION; IODIDE-IONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SYNERGISTIC INHIBITION; PROPARGYL ALCOHOL AB The coating system presently used on military aircraft is constrained in function and limited to the use of chromate-based compounds for the mitigation of corrosion. The objective of this Multi-Disciplinary Research Initiative (MURI) is to expand the functionality of the military aerospace coating using recent advances in the materials sciences. By implementing gains in molecular and nano-engineering methods, the scientific and technological foundations will be laid for a coating that: (1) provides corrosion protection and adhesion using environmentally compliant materials, (2) senses corrosion and mechanical damage, (3) initiates mitigating responses to the sensed damage (chemical and mechanical), (4) improves fatigue resistance, (5) has the ability to change color-on-demand, and (6) provide water rejection and self-cleaning capability. The enhanced functionality of this advanced coating system will be achieved through the incorporation of: (1) a field-replaceable, nano-engineered metallic cladding, (2) the use of molecular-engineering and self-assembled colloidal crystals for packaging, sensing, color-on-demand, and super-hydrophobicity (3) the development of new approaches for the identification, encapsulation, and delivery of environmentally compliant corrosion inhibitors, and (4) the optimization of organic coating adhesion through the use of environmentally compatible surface treatments. A summary of the MURI achievements will be presented from the standpoint of time to commercial readiness. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Taylor, SR (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM srtaylor@umsmed.edu NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 491 EP 522 PG 32 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 170DX UT WOS:000246643400002 ER PT S AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N Arefiev, V AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai Arefiev, Vadim BE Novello, M Bergilaffa, SEP TI Power spectra of black holes (BH) and neutron stars (NS) as a probe of hydrodynamical structure of the source: Diffusion theory and its application to X-ray observations of NS and BH sources SO COSMOLOGY AND GRAVITATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Brazilian School of Cosmology and Graviation CY SEP 10-23, 2006 CL Mangaratiba, BRAZIL SP FAPERJ, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, CNPq, Fianciadora Estudos & Projetos, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars; individual (Cyg X-1); individual (Cyg X-2); radiation mechanisms; nonthermal-physical data and processes ID ACCRETION DISCS; VARIABILITY; BINARIES AB We present a model of Fourier Power Density Spectrum (PDS) formation in accretion powered X-ray binary systems derived from the first principles of the diffusion theory. Timing properties of X-ray emission are considered to be a result of diffusive propagation of the driving perturbations in a bounded medium. We prove that the integrated power of the resulting PDS, P,, is only a small fraction of the integrated power of the driving oscillations, Pd, which is distributed., is inversely proportional to the characteristic frequency of the over the disk. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the power P driving oscillations v(dr), which is likely scaled with the frequency of the local gravity waves in the disk (Keplerian frequency). Keeping in mind that v(dr), increases towards soft states leads us to conclude that the power P,, declines towards soft states. This dependence P-x proportional to v-(1)(dr) explains the well-known observational phenomenon that the power of the X-ray variability decreases when the source evolves to softer states. The resulting PDS continuum is a sum of two components, a low frequency (LF) component which presumably originates in an extended accretion disk and a high frequency (HF) component which originates in the innermost part of the source [Compton cloud (CC)]. The LF PDS component has a power-law shape with index of 1.0 - 1.5 at higher frequencies ("red" noise) and a flat spectrum below a characteristic (break) frequency ("white" noise). This white-red noise (WRN) continuum spectrum holds information about the physical parameters of the bounded extended medium, diffusion time scale and the dependence law of viscosity vs radius. This LF PDS associated with the extended disk dominates in the soft states of the system, while the HF PDS characteristic of innermost CC component is dominant in the low/hard and intermediate states. These PDS LF and HF components directly correspond to the energy spectrum components. Namely: LF WRN is related to thermal emission from an accretion disk, and the HF WRN to the power-law tail, which presents a fraction of the disk emission Comptonized in the Compton cloud. Hence, a change of PDS features correlates with a change of energy spectral features. Analyzing the data for a number of sources we find that the PDS is well represented by a sum of the WRN CC component and the WRN extended disk component. We apply our model of the PDS to a sample of RXTE and EXOSAT timing data from Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-2 which describes adequately the spectral transitions in these sources. C1 [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arefiev, Vadim] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lev@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; gita@hea.iki.rssi.ru NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0418-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 910 BP 334 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGM34 UT WOS:000248437600007 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Morse, SA Oncu, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Morse, Stephen A. Oncu, Serkan TI The seminal literature of Anthrax research SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; zoonotic; vaccine; text mining; Citation-Assisted Background; literature survey ID TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL FACTOR CLEAVES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INHALATION ANTHRAX; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; KINASE-KINASE; N-TERMINUS AB A chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of seminal background documents that formed the building blocks for these papers. A method for systematically determining these seminal references is presented. Citation-Assisted Background (CAB) is based on the assumption that seminal documents tend to be highly cited. Application of CAB to the field of Anthrax research is presented. While CAB is a highly systematic approach for identifying seminal references, it is not a substitute for the judgment of the researchers, and serves as a supplement. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Aydin, Turkey. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil RI Oncu, Serkan/E-4324-2013 NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1080/10408410701451930 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 195MH UT WOS:000248415800003 PM 17653986 ER PT B AU Levin, TE Irvine, CE Weissman, C Nguyen, TD AF Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. Weissman, Clark Nguyen, Thuy D. GP ACM TI Analysis of Three Multilevel Security Architectures SO CSAW'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM COMPUTER SECURITY ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM Computer Security Architecture Workshop CY NOV 02, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA SP ACM SIGSAC DE Principle of Least Privilege; Security Kernel; Separation Kernel Partitioning Kernel; Multilevel Security; Architecture ID PROTECTION; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Various system architectures have been proposed for high assurance enforcement of multilevel security. This paper provides an analysis of the relative merits of three architectural types - one based on a security kernel, another based on a traditional separation kernel, and a third based on a least-privilege separation kernel. We introduce the Least Privilege architecture, which incorporates security features from the recent "Separation Kernel Protection Profile," and show how it can provide several unique aspects of security and assurance, although each architecture has advantages. C1 [Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Nguyen, Thuy D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Levin, TE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; clark.weissman@ngc.com; tdnguyen@nps.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-890-9 PY 2007 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKJ13 UT WOS:000268249300005 ER PT S AU Thompson, F Jones, LR AF Thompson, Fred Jones, Lawrence R. BE Schedler, K Proeller, I TI CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATIONS FROM BUREAUCRACY TO HYPERARCHY AND NETCENTRICITY: REAPING THE ADVANTAGES OF IT AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY SO CULTURAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM SE Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECONOMICS; INFORMATION; NETWORKS C1 [Thompson, Fred] Willamette Univ, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Jones, Lawrence R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Thompson, F (reprint author), Willamette Univ, Salem, OR 97301 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0732-1317 BN 978-0-7623-1400-3 J9 RES PUBLIC POLICY AN PY 2007 VL 16 BP 203 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0732-1317(07)16008-5 PG 28 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BLR43 UT WOS:000270861000008 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI Arnone, RA Flynn, P Casey, B Weidemann, AD Ko, DS AF Haltrin, Vladimir I. Arnone, Robert. A. Flynn, Peter Casey, Brandon Weidemann, Alan D. Ko, Dong-Shang BE Levin, IM Gilbert, GD Haltrin, VI Trees, CC TI Restoring number of suspended particles in ocean using satellite optical images and forecasting particle fields SO CURRENT RESEARCH ON REMOTE SENSING, LASER PROBING, AND IMAGERY IN NATURAL WATERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Current on Optics of Natural Waters (ONW 2005) CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE suspended particles; optical satellite images; optical remote sensing; SeaWIFs ID WATERS; INDEX; MODEL AB A method to retrieve concentrations of suspended large and small particles in seawater from satellite images is proposed. The method uses as input images of scattering and backscattering coefficients in several satellite channels as well as an image of concentration of chlorophyll. All these three properties are derived using an atmospheric correction algorithm and algorithms to derive inherent optical properties from remote sensing reflectance. The proposed method is based on several approaches developed previously by Twardowski et al, van de Hulst, and Evans and Fournier and is based on Mie theory. The proposed method was applied to restore a number of suspended particles and their dynamics in ocean using SeaWIFs satellite optical images. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haltrin@freeshell.org; bob.arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil; haltrin@freeshell.org NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6756-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6615 AR 661504 DI 10.1117/12.740435 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG74 UT WOS:000246692500003 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Wilfong, ER Jung, AE Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, Darryl P. Johnson, Eric W. Wilfong, Erin R. Jung, Anne E. Bobb, Andrew J. TI Distribution of radio-labeled N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Sprague-Dawley rats and its effect on glutathione metabolism following single and repeat dosing by oral gavage SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distribution; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; glutathione-stransferase; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; oral gavage; oxidative stress; rats; toxicity ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; ACETYLCYSTEINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROTECTION; TOXICITY; MUSTARD; INJURY; CELLS; LUNG AB The distribution of radio-labeled N-A cetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and its impact on glutathione (GSH) metabolism was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats following single and multiple dosing with NAC by oral garage. Radioactivity associated with administration of C-14- NAC distributed to most tissues examined within I hour of administration with peak radioactivity levels occurring within I hour to 4 hours and for a majority of the tissues examined, radioactivity remained elevated for up to 12 hours or more. Administration of a second dose of 1,200 mg/kg NA C + C-14-NAC 4 hours after the first increased liver, kidney, skin, thymus, spleen, eye, and serum radioactivity significantly beyond levels achieved following I dose. Administration of a third dose of 1,200 mg/kg NAC + C-14-NAC 4 hours after the second dose did not significantly increase tissue radioactivity further except in the skin. GSH concentrations were increased 20% in the skin and 50% in the liver after one dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC whereas lung and kidney GSH were unaffected. Administration of a second and third dose of 1,200 mg/kg NAC at 4 hours and 8 hours after the first did not increase tissue GSH concentrations above background with the exception that skin GSH levels were elevated to levels similar to those obtained after a single dose of NAC. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was increased 150% in the kidney and 10% in the liver, decreased 60% in the skin, and had no effect on lung GST activity following a single dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC. Administration of a second dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC 4 hours after the first decreased skin GST activity a further 20% whereas kidney GST activity remained elevated at levels similar to those obtained after I dose of NA C. Administration of a third dose of NA C 4 hours after the second dose increased liver GST activity significantly as compared to background but did not affect skin, kidney, or lung GST activity. Transient decreases in glutathione reductase (GR) activity were measured in the skin and kidney in association with repeat administration of 1, 200 mg/kg NAC Glutathione peroxidase (GxP) activity was increased in the skin, kidney, and liver suggesting that oxidative stress was occurring in these tissues in response to repeat dosing with NAC. Overall, the results of this study present the possibility that NAC could provide some benefit in preventing or reducing toxicity related to exposure to chemical irritants (particularly sulfur mustard) in some tissues by increasing tissue NAC and/or cysteine levels, GSH concentrations, and GST activity. However, follow-on studies in animals are needed to confirm that oral administration of single and multiple doses of NAC can significantly reduce skin, eye, and lung toxicity associated with sulfur mustard exposure. The finding that GxP activity is elevated, albeit transiently, following repeat administration of NAC suggests that repeat administration of NAC may induce oxidative stress in some tissues and further studies are needed to confirm this finding. C1 USN, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, POB 113,bldg H-2033,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1080/15569520701212233 PG 22 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 185QZ UT WOS:000247726800004 PM 17612979 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, Robert S., Jr. Willett, Peter K. BE Dasarathy, BV TI Mining unknown patterns in data when the features are correlated - art. no. 657008 SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2007 CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive classification; noninformative prior; discrete data; unknown data distribution AB In this paper, a previously introduced data mining technique, utilizing the Mean Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA), is extended for use in finding unknown data clusters in a fused multidimensional feature space. In extending the BDRA for this application its built-in dimensionality reduction aspects are exploited for isolating and automatically mining all points contained in each unknown cluster. In previous work, this approach was shown to have comparable performance to the classifier that knows all cluster information when mining up to two features containing multiple unknown clusters. However, unlike results shown in previous work based on lower dimensional feature spaces, the results in this paper are based on utilizing up to twenty fused features. This is due to improvements in the training algorithm that now mines for candidate data clusters by processing all points in a quantized cell simultaneously. This is opposed to the previous method that processed all points sequentially. This improvement in processing has resulted in a substantial reduction in the run time of the algorithm. Finally, performance is illustrated and compared with simulated data containing multiple clusters, and where the relevant feature space contains both correlated and uncorrelated classification information. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6692-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6570 BP 57008 EP 57008 AR 657008 DI 10.1117/12.719423 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BGK12 UT WOS:000247876500007 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. BE Dasarathy, BV TI Genetic program based data mining of fuzzy decision trees and methods of improving convergence and reducing bloat - art. no. 65700A SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2007 CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic program; genetic algorithm; co-evolution AB A data mining procedure for automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program (GP) is discussed. A GP is an algorithm that evolves other algorithms or mathematical expressions. Innovative methods for accelerating convergence of the data mining procedure and reducing bloat are given. In genetic programming, bloat refers to excessive tree growth. It has been observed that the trees in the evolving GP population will grow by a factor of three every 50 generations. When evolving mathematical expressions much of the bloat is due to the expressions not being in algebraically simplest form. So a bloat reduction method based on automated computer algebra has been introduced. The effectiveness of this procedure is discussed. Also, rules based on fuzzy logic have been introduced into the GP to accelerate convergence, reduce bloat and produce a solution more readily understood by the human user. These rules are discussed as well as other techniques for convergence improvement and bloat control. Comparisons between trees created using a genetic program and those constructed solely by interviewing experts are made. A new co-evolutionary method that improves the control logic evolved by the GP by having a genetic algorithm evolve pathological scenarios is discussed. The effect on the control logic is considered. Finally, additional methods that have been used to validate the data mining algorithm are referenced. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6692-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6570 BP A5700 EP A5700 AR 65700A DI 10.1117/12.716973 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BGK12 UT WOS:000247876500009 ER PT J AU Batteen, ML Kennedy, RA Miller, HA AF Batteen, Mary L. Kennedy, Richard A., Jr. Miller, Henry A. TI A process-oriented numerical study of currents, eddies and meanders in the Leeuwin Current System SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Leeuwin Current; eddies; meanders; Princeton Ocean Model; numerical modeling; Western Australia ID AUSTRALIA SOUTHERN SHELVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CAPES CURRENT; COAST; IMPLEMENTATION AB While observations provide insight for the basic nature of features in the Leeuwin Current System (LCS), process-oriented studies are useful for systematically investigating the characteristics and dynamical forcing mechanisms for the currents and eddies in the LCS. This process-oriented numerical study investigates the roles of wind forcing, thermohaline gradients and bottom topography on currents and eddy generation in the LCS with a terrain-following primitive equation model, in this case the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), on a beta-plane off the western and southwestern coast of Australia. Results show that the LCS is an anomalous Eastern Boundary Current that generates a surface poleward current predominantly over the shelf break, an equatorward surface current with upwelling next to the coast in localized regions, an equatorward undercurrent, and highly energetic mesoscale features such as meanders and eddies. Thermohaline gradient effects are shown to be the primary mechanism in the generation of a poleward (equatorward) current (undercurrent), eddies and meanders in the LCS. Inshore of the poleward surface flow, next to the coast, wind forcing plays an important role in generating an equatorward coastal current and upwelling. The major role of the wind is to slow the poleward surface flow, enhance eddy spin up and create localized upwelling regions, such as in the north near Shark Bay and just north of Cape Leeuwin. Bottom topography is shown to be an important mechanism for intensifying and trapping currents near the coast, weakening subsurface currents and intensifying eddies off capes. The surface poleward current is predominantly steered by the shelf break, frequently leaving the coast as it follows the 200-m depth contour southward to Cape Leeuwin and eastward into the Great Australian Bight. Overall, the results of this process-oriented study compare well with available observations in the LCS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Batteen, ML (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mlbattee@nps.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8-10 BP 859 EP 883 DI 10.1016/j.dsi2.2006.09.006 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 215KB UT WOS:000249806100005 ER PT J AU Amara, J AF Amara, Jomana TI Evaluating NATO long run defense burdens using unit root tests SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DF-GLS; NATO; defense burden; time series; purchasing power parity ID AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME-SERIES; CONSCRIPTION; EXPENDITURE AB This study evaluates NATO long run defense burdens by analyzing the time-series properties of burden measures, namely growth of defense spending, defense share in national output, defense share in government spending, defense spending per capita, and defense share in total NATO spending for the time period 1949-2002. The study also compares the effect of using government Purchasing Power Parity conversion factors and Market Exchange Rates for defense share in total NATO expenditure conversions and the implications of NATO expansion in light of the defense burden measures of the newer NATO members. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Amara, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhamara@nps.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 157 EP 181 DI 10.1080/1024690600789254 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 144II UT WOS:000244789300004 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Warner, E Petry, F Gupta, KM Aha, DW AF Ladner, Roy Warner, Elizabeth Petry, Fred Gupta, Kalyan Moy Aha, David W. BE Suresh, R TI An evaluation of case-based classification to support automated Web service discovery and brokering - art. no. 657804 SO Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE web services; ontology; case-based classification; MetOc; service oriented architecture; automated; web; semantic web AB In this paper we evaluate the use of case-based classification to resolve a number of questions related to information sharing in the context of an Integrated Web services Brokering System (IWB). We are developing the IWB to independently decompose and analyze ad hoc Web services interface descriptions in order to identify Web services of interest. Our approach is to have the IWB cache information about each service in order to support an autonomous mediation process. In this mediation process, the IWB independently matches the user's data request to the correct method within the appropriate Web service, translates the user's request to the correct syntax and structure of the Web service request, dynamically invokes the method on the service, and translates the Web service response. We use case-based classification as a means of automating the IWB's analysis of relevant services and operations. Case-based classification retrieves and reuses decisions based on training data. We use sample Web Service Description Language (WSDL) files and schema from actual Web services as training data in our approach and do not require the service to pre-deploy an OWL-S ontology. We present our evaluation of this approach and performance ratings in the context of meteorological and oceanographic (MetOc) Web services as it relates to the IWB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6700-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6578 BP 57804 EP 57804 AR 657804 DI 10.1117/12.714254 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGJ63 UT WOS:000247648100003 ER PT S AU Dwyer, C AF Dwyer, Chris BE Suresh, R TI Comprehensive maritime awareness (CMA) joint capabilities technology demonstration (JCTD) - art. no. 65781I SO Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB Serious gaps exist in identifying and prioritizing world-wide maritime threats. Maritime security and defense forces lack the capabilities and capacities to provide timely and accurate maritime situational awareness. They lack automatic tools to identify and prioritize relevant and actionable information to avoid information overload. The inability to acquire, fuse and manage disparate information limits timely cueing and focus. Information sharing is inhibited by technical, cultural and policy barriers. The Comprehensive Maritime Awareness Joint Capabilities Technology Demonstration attempts to address these problems by developing a "culture of sharing" between international partners and the U.S. and between U.S. agencies. It is our vision that we will be able to automatically; 1) 100% of the maritime movements within an area of responsibility, 2) automatically identify threats, and 3) prioritize them for action. The over all objective is to improve maritime security by acquiring, integrating, and exchanging relevant maritime activity information, identifying possible threats using available information, and then focusing limited interdiction and inspection assets on the threats. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dwyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6700-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6578 BP I5781 EP I5781 AR 65781I DI 10.1117/12.724937 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGJ63 UT WOS:000247648100043 ER PT S AU Stack, JR Crosby, F McDonald, RJ Xue, Y Carin, L AF Stack, J. R. Crosby, F. McDonald, R. J. Xue, Y. Carin, L. BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Multi-task learning for underwater object classification - art. no. 65530N SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE classification; Dirichlet process; multi-task learning; sonar; underwater ID PRIORS AB The purpose of this research is to jointly learn multiple classification tasks by appropriately sharing information between similar tasks. In this setting, examples of different tasks include the discrimination of targets from non-targets by different sonars or by the same sonar operating in sufficiently different environments. This is known as multi-task learning (MTL) and is accomplished via a Bayesian approach whereby the learned parameters for classifiers of similar tasks are drawn from a common prior. To learn which tasks are similar and the appropriate priors a Dirichlet process is employed and solved using mean field variational Bayesian inference. The result is that for many real-world instances where training data is limited MTL exhibits a significant improvement over both learning individual classifiers for each task as well as pooling all data and training one overall classifier. The performance of this method is demonstrated on simulated data and experimental data from multiple imaging sonars operating over multiple environments. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6675-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6553 BP N5530 EP N5530 AR 65530N DI 10.1117/12.717071 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGJ54 UT WOS:000247632500013 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Slatton, KC AF Cobb, J. Tory Slatton, K. Clint BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Dynamic tree segmentation of sonar imagery - art. no. 65530P SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE Bayesian network; K-distribution; tree-structured Bayesian network; dynamic tree; simulated annealing AB High-resolution sonar images of the sea floor contain rich spatial information that varies widely depending on survey location, sea state, and sensor platform-induced artifacts. Automatically segmenting sonar images into labeled regions can have several useful applications such as creating high-resolution bottom maps and adapting automatic target recognition schemes to perform optimally given the measured environment. This paper presents a method for sonar image segmentation using graphical models known as dynamic trees (DTs). A DT is a mixture of simply-connected tree-structured Bayesian networks (TSBNs), a, hierarchical two-dimensional Bayesian network, where the leaf node states of each TSBN are the label of each image pixel. The DT segmentation A ask is to find the best TSBN mixture that represents the underlying data. A novel use of the K-distribution as a likelihood function for associating sonar image pixels with the appropriate bottom-type label is introduced. simulated annealing stochastic search method is used to determine the maximum a posteriori (MAP) DT quadtree structure for each sonar image. Segmentation results from several images are presented and discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6675-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6553 BP P5530 EP P5530 AR 65530P DI 10.1117/12.720290 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGJ54 UT WOS:000247632500015 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Reed, ML Lance, MJ Watkins, TR Verghese, K Butler, JE Smirnov, A AF Jagannadham, K. Reed, M. L. Lance, M. J. Watkins, T. R. Verghese, K. Butler, J. E. Smirnov, A. TI Neutron transmutation of B-10 doped diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE neutron irradiation; diamond; N-type ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-IMPLANTED DIAMONDS; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; IRRADIATED DIAMONDS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; CVD DIAMOND; BORON INCORPORATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; FILMS; SPECTRUM AB Free standing B-10 isotope doped diamond films deposited by chemical vapor deposition in a microwave chamber were irradiated to thermal neutron fluence values of 0.32 x 10(19), 0.65 x 10(19), 1.3 x 10(19), and 2.6 x 10(19) n/cm(2). Cooling of the diamond films was maintained during irradiation. In a separate experiment, neutron irradiation to a total fluence of 2.4 x 10(20) n/cm(2) with equal fast and thermal neutrons was also performed on a diamond epilayer without cooling during irradiation. The formation of defects in the diamond films was characterized using Raman, FTIR, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that defect configurations in diamond responsible for an increase in continuum background in the one-phonon region of Raman spectrum were absent in the films that have been cooled. The FTIR peak at 1530 cm(-1) annealed in the sample irradiated to a fluence of 2.6 x 10(19) n/cm(2) indicating that the sample reached a temperature of 300 degrees C during irradiation. Absence of characteristic infrared absorption peaks that were observed only upon annealing neutron irradiated diamond is used to conclude that the temperature of the sample during neutron irradiation to a fluence of 2.6 x 10 19 n/cm(2) was well below 650 degrees C needed for mobility of defects and accumulation of stable unrecoverable damage. On the other hand, results from diamond epilayer subjected to equal thermal and fast neutron fluence of 2.4 x 10(20) n/cm(2) and without cooling showed that defects formed from displaced carbon atoms became mobile and formed complex configurations of irrecoverable damage. Electrical conductance of the unirradiated and irradiated diamond samples was measured as a function of temperature to determine the compensation of the p-type by the n-type charge carriers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008; Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016; Smirnov, Alex/Q-9818-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452; Smirnov, Alex/0000-0002-0037-2555 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.03.019 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127WW UT WOS:000243618000009 ER PT S AU Yang, J Wang, CF Hu, EL Butler, JE AF Yang, Jie Wang, C. F. Hu, E. L. Butler, James E. BE Bergonzo, P Gat, R Jackman, RB Nebel, CE TI Lift-off process to get free-standing high quality single crystal diamond films and suspended single crystal diamond devices SO Diamond Electronics - Fundamentals to Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diamond Electronics - Fundamentals to Applications held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27, 2006-NOV 30, 2007 CL Boston, MA AB Freestanding and suspended single crystal diamond devices, micro disks and beam structures, have been fabricated on single crystal diamond substrates using a lift-off process employing ion implantation followed by electrochemical etching. The ion implantation created subsurface damage in the diamond while the top surface was sufficiently undamaged that a subsequent homo-epitaxial diamond layer could be grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). After the CVD growth and patterning by lithography and reactive ion etching, the underlying damage layer was etched/removed by an electrochemical etch. Different implant ions and energies were simulated and tested to optimize the process. The electrochemical etching process was monitored by an optical video technique. The electrochemical etching process used both ac and dc applied electrical potentials. Photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectra, and polarized light transmission microscopy have been used to characterize the implanted substrate and liftoff films. AFM has been used to monitor the surface changes after mechanical polishing, ion implantation, CVD growth and the lift-off process. This research has revealed that the parameters of ion implantation (implant species, dose and energy) dramatically affect the lift-off process. The etching mechanism and critical parameters are discussed in this work. PL spectroscopy indicated differences between the uppermost layers of the homoepitaxial film and the lift-off interface. Three principal cl-asses of defects have been observed: growth defects inherent in the diamond substrates (type lb, HPHT), defects induced by the polishing process and associated stress, and point defects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-913-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 956 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BGJ32 UT WOS:000247400200003 ER PT S AU Tremper, D Brosky, A AF Tremper, David Brosky, Andy BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Upgraded immersive input display device (12D2) - art. no. 655804 SO Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense Applications For Defense, Security, and Avionics CY APR 12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE hand held displays; military; tactical; VGA display; daylight readable; light leakage AB In an effort to reduce the effects of ambient light on the read-ability of military displays, the Naval Research Lab began investigating and developing advanced hand-held displays. Analysis and research of display technologies with consideration for vulnerability to environmental conditions resulted in the complete design and fabrication of the handheld Immersive Input Display Device (12D2) monocular. The 12D2 combines an OLED SVGA micro-display with an optics configuration and a rubber pressure-eyecup which allows view-ability only when the eyecup is depressed. This feature allows the 12132 to be used during the day, while not allowing ambient light to affect the readability. It simultaneously controls light leakage, effectively eliminating the illumination, and thus preserving the tactical position, of the user in the dark. This paper will focus on the upgraded 12132 system as it compares to the 12132 presented at SPIE 2006. C1 Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tremper, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6680-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6558 BP 55804 EP 55804 AR 655804 DI 10.1117/12.720536 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGL52 UT WOS:000248200200003 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Lee, CA Kunze, KL AF Zhao, Ping Lee, Caroline Amy Kunze, Kent L. TI SEQUENTIAL METABOLISM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DILTIAZEM INDUCED TIME-DEPENDENT LOSS OF CYP3A SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-for-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 09-12, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Zhao, Ping] Sonus Pharmaceut, Bothell, WA USA. [Lee, Caroline Amy] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA USA. [Kunze, Kent L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2007 VL 39 SU 1 MA 187 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 670RD UT WOS:000283444100182 ER PT J AU Kelly, WN Arellano, FM Barnes, J Bergman, U Edwards, RI Fernandez, AM Freedman, SB Goldsmith, DI Huang, KA Jones, JK McLeay, R Moore, N Stather, RH Trenque, T Troutman, WG van Puijenbroek, E Williams, F Wise, RP AF Kelly, William N. Arellano, Felix M. Barnes, Joanne Bergman, Ulf Edwards, Ralph I. Fernandez, Alina M. Freedman, Stephen B. Goldsmith, David I. Huang, Kui A. Jones, Judith K. McLeay, Rachel Moore, Nicholas Stather, Rosie H. Trenque, Thierry Troutman, William G. van Puijenbroek, Eugene Williams, Frank Wise, Robert P. TI Guidelines for submitting adverse event reports for publication SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID DRUG-REACTIONS; PHARMACOVIGILANCE; ANECDOTES; STANDARDS; CRITERIA; QUALITY AB Publication of case reports describing suspected adverse effects of drugs and medical products that include herbal and complementary medicines, vaccines, and other biologicals and devices is important for postmarketing surveillance. Publication lends credence to important signals raised in these adverse event reports. Unfortunately, deficiencies in vital information in published cases can often limit the value of such reports by failing to provide enough details for either (i) a differential diagnosis or provisional assessment of cause-effect association, or (ii) a reasonable pharmacological or biological explanation. Properly described, a published report of one or more adverse events can provide a useful signal of possible risks associated with the use of a drug or medical product which might warrant further exploration. A review conducted by the Task Force authors found that many major journals have minimal requirements for publishing adverse event reports, and some have none at all. Based on a literature review and our collective experience in reviewing adverse event case reports in regulatory, academic, and industry settings, we have identified information that we propose should always be considered for inclusion in a report submitted for publication. These guidelines have been endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) and the International Society of Pharmacovigilance (ISoP) and are freely available on the societies' websites. Their widespread distribution is encouraged. ISPE and ISoP urge biomedical journals to adopt these guidelines and apply them to case reports submitted for publication. They also encourage schools of medicine, pharmacy, and nursing to incorporate them into the relevant curricula that address the detection, evaluation, and reporting of suspected drug or other medical product adverse events. C1 William N Kelly Consulting Inc, Oldsmar, FL 34677 USA. Risk Management Resources, Bridgewater, NJ USA. Risk Management Resources, Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Monitoring Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. TAP Pharmaceut Prod Inc, Lake Forest, IL USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Goldsmiht Pharmacovigilance & Syst, New York, NY USA. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, New York, NY USA. Degge Grp Ltd, Arlington, VA USA. Wolters Kluwer Hlth, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France. Ctr Hosp Univ Reims, Reims, France. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Ctr, Shertogenbosch, Netherlands. USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Kelly, WN (reprint author), William N Kelly Consulting Inc, 2147 Warwick Dr, Oldsmar, FL 34677 USA. EM wnkelly@earthlink.net RI Moore, nicholas/B-2368-2013 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.2165/00002018-200730050-00001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 172TR UT WOS:000246827800001 PM 17472416 ER PT S AU Fey, AL AF Fey, A. L. BE Tregoning, P Rizos, C TI The status and future of the International Celestial Reference Frame SO Dynamic Planet: Monitoring and Understanding a Dynamic Planet with Geodetic and Oceanographic Tools SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Dynamic Planet CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IAG DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars; international celestial reference frame (ICRF); reference systems; interferometry ID HIGHER RADIO FREQUENCIES; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; ICRF AB At the XXIII General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) held on 20 August 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) was adopted as the fundamental celestial reference frame. The ICRF is currently defined by the radio positions of 212 extragalactic objects. Since its inception there have been two extensions to the ICRF. Current efforts toward ICRF maintenance include both analysis and observational improvements and an effort is now underway to define a second realization of the ICRF by the year 2009. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-49349-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2007 VL 130 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BFY17 UT WOS:000245419400087 ER PT B AU Almannai, W Lewis, T AF Almannai, Waleed Lewis, Ted BE Remenyi, D TI Minimizing network risk with application to critical infrastructure protection SO ECIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY JUL 02-03, 2007 CL Defence Coll Management & Technol, Shrivenham, ENGLAND HO Defence Coll Management & Technol DE vulnerability; allocation cost; elimination cost; availability; critical infrastructure; network risk AB The risk posed by natural disasters and terrorist attacks on critical infrastructure sectors such as the power grid, water supply, and telecommunication systems can be modeled by network risk. However, there is currently no definition of risk for a network. We propose a new definition of network risk and apply it to optimal allocation of a fixed budget such that network risk is minimized for two cost models: Linear and nonlinear. We show that in both cases, risk minimization is achieved by ranking nodes and links according to their damage value and degree sequence. Furthermore, we identify the critical nodes and links as those with the highest allocation of funds. C1 [Almannai, Waleed; Lewis, Ted] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM wialmann@nps.edu; tlewis@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-48-3 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Management; Public Administration SC Computer Science; Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BHH92 UT WOS:000253369900001 ER PT B AU Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT AF Abe, David K. Pershing, Dean E. Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Phase pushing studies of a fundamental-mode, eight-beam, four-cavity multiple-beam klystron SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu ID S-BAND C1 [Abe, David K.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pershing, Dean E.; Nguyen, Khanh T.] Bean Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500049 ER PT B AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Cooke, SJ Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Modelling of klystrons with reflected electrons using the large-signal code TESLA SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20905 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM igor.a.chernyavskiy@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500050 ER PT B AU Abe, DK Levush, B Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Wood, FN Myers, RE AF Abe, David K. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. Pershing, Dean E. Wood, Franklin N. Myers, Robert E. GP IEEE TI Design and operation of an eight-beam multiple-beam klystron with 6% bandwidth SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu ID S-BAND C1 [Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Pershing, Dean E.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wood, Franklin N.; Myers, Robert E.] ATK, Newington, VA USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500089 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KT Pershing, D Wright, EL Pasour, J Calame, J Ludeking, L Rodgers, J Petillo, J AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Pershing, Dean Wright, Edward L. Pasour, John Calame, Jeffrey Ludeking, Lars Rodgers, John Petillo, John GP IEEE TI Sheet-beam 90 GHz and 220 GHz extend-interaction-mystron designs SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu DE extended-interaction klystron; EIK; sheet beam; amplifiers AB Circuit designs for 91 GHz and 220-GHz sheet-beam extended-interaction klystrons (EIKs) are presented The W-band circuit employs a relatively simple two-cavity configuration to demonstrate beam transport and high peak power RF generation, which will serve as the basis for,future scaling to higher gain and frequencies. Uniform (solenoidal) magnetic focusing is employed in both cases. Simulations with MAGIC-3D indicate peak RF powers of 10.5 kW and > 400 W are feasible with a 3 A, 19.5 kV beam and a 0.5 A, 165 V beam at 91 GHz and 220 GHz, respectively. Proof-of-principle experimental demonstrations are planned. C1 [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Pershing, Dean; Wright, Edward L.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Pasour, John; Calame, Jeffrey] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ludeking, Lars] ATK Mission Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. [Rodgers, John] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 22122 USA. [Petillo, John] Inst Appl Sci, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU AFOSR under a Phase-I STTR contract; NSWC/Crane under a Phase-ISBIR contract; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the AFOSR under a Phase-I STTR contract, NSWC/Crane under a Phase-ISBIR contract, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 193 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500091 ER PT B AU Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, RE AF Qiu, J. X. Abe, D. K. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Danly, B. G. Levush, B. Myers, R. E. GP IEEE TI Efficiency enhancement of traveling-wave tube amplifier with dynamically adjusted collector bias voltages SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Qiu, J. X.; Abe, D. K.; Danly, B. G.; Levush, B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Internatl Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Myers, R. E.] ATK Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qiu@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Rodgers for his assistance on high voltage modulator. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500102 ER PT B AU Petillo, J Panagos, D Stoner, W DeFord, J Held, B Nelson, E Levush, B AF Petillo, John Panagos, Dimitios Stoner, William DeFord, John Held, Ben Nelson, Eric Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Design and optimization electron guns and depressed collectors - Using the MICHELLE code in the ANALYST environment SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Petillo, John] SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Panagos, Dimitios; Stoner, William; DeFord, John; Held, Ben] STAR Inc, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. [Nelson, Eric] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 355 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500171 ER PT B AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Cooke, SJ Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Modelling of MBK with parallel version of large-signal code TESLA SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu ID MULTIPLE-BEAM KLYSTRON; S-BAND C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Vlasov, Alexander N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20905 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM igor.a.chemyavskiy@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 377 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500182 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KT Pershing, D Wright, EL Abe, DK Qiu, J Levush, B AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Pershing, Dean Wright, Edward L. Abe, David K. Qiu, Joe Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Circuit design of a high power, S-band eighteen-beam klystron SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu DE multiple-beam klystron; MBK; electron gun; S-band; broadband; amplifiers AB Circuit design for a high-power fundamental-mode multiple-beam klystron (MBK) is presented. This S-band circuit will be powered with a 42 W, 41.6A, eighteen-beam electron gun currently under development The circuit is comprised of six cavities. Three of which have two gaps to achieve desired gain and bandwidth in a reasonably short circuit length. Simulations with MAGIC-3D indicate peak RF power of 740 kW and 3-dB instantaneous bandwidth of > 11% is feasible in a circuit length of approximately 22 cm. Electronic efficiency and gain are 42% and 34-dB, respectively. C1 [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Pershing, Dean; Wright, Edward L.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Abe, David K.; Qiu, Joe; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Army SDMC FX This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and U.S. Army SDMC. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 379 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500183 ER PT J AU Laberty, C Zhao, F Swider-Lyons, KE Virkar, AV AF Laberty, Christel Zhao, Feng Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Virkar, Anil. V. TI High-performance solid oxide fuel cell cathodes with lanthanum-nickelate-based composites SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; OXYGEN ELECTRODES; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; LA AB Lanthanum nickelate (LN, La2NiO4-delta) is a mixed ionic and electronic conductor with oxygen self-diffusion and surface exchange properties that predict that it will be a good cathode catalyst for solid oxide fuel cells. We show that LN performs poorly (0.3 W cm(-2)) when used as a single-phase cathode in yttria-stabilized-zirconia-based air-H-2 dime cells at 800 degrees C. Power densities up to 2.2 W cm(-2) are measured only when LN is used in a composite bilayer cathode. Parametric modeling shows that the kinetics of the LN-based cathodes is relatively poor, but their low ohmic resistance leads to their high power density. (C) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5085, CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Laberty, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laberty@ccr.jussieu.fr; karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil RI Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 10 BP B170 EP B174 DI 10.1149/1.2760188 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 198XC UT WOS:000248659800005 ER PT J AU Martin, FJ Lemieux, EJ Newbauer, TM Bayles, RA Natishan, PM Kahn, H Michal, GM Ernst, F Heuerd, AH AF Martin, F. J. Lemieux, E. J. Newbauer, T. M. Bayles, R. A. Natishan, P. M. Kahn, H. Michal, G. M. Ernst, F. Heuerd, A. H. TI Carburization-induced passivity of 316 L austenitic stainless steel SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON SUPERSATURATION; PIT INITIATION; ALUMINUM AB A low-temperature (450-500 degrees C) gas-phase process for introducing substantial amounts of carbon, without carbide formation, into 316L austenitic stainless steel has been developed. This process, termed low-temperature colossal supersaturation (LTCSS), provides surface carbon concentration as high as 14 atom % and dramatically improves the localized corrosion resistance of 316L austenitic stainless steel in ambient temperature seawater. In particular, the LTCSS-treated steel increases the seawater breakdown potential by more than 600 mV. This result is remarkable, as traditional carburization methods have historically decreased the corrosion resistance of stainless steels. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SAIC NRL Operat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33040 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Martin, FJ (reprint author), SAIC NRL Operat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Martin@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP C76 EP C78 DI 10.1149/1.2794282 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220HK UT WOS:000250147600014 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Rowland, LB AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Rowland, Larry B. TI Electronic properties of GaN films grown on TiC substrates SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EMISSION; LAYERS AB Crystalline GaN films have been successfully deposited on titanium carbide substrates by low-pressure organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy technique. Low background carrier concentration was verified by capacitance-voltage measurements. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements indicate that the heteroepitaxial layer has high crystalline quality, as verified by X-ray measurements, and is consistent with low background donor concentration near the film surface. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE Co, Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil RI Rowland, Larry/C-4487-2008 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP H72 EP H73 DI 10.1149/2402984 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 128EG UT WOS:000243640400025 ER PT J AU Robertson, CM Coelho, EM MacIntyre, B Julier, S AF Robertson, Cindy M. Coelho, Enylton Machado MacIntyre, Blair Julier, Simon BA Haller, M Billinghurst, M Thomas, BH BF Haller, M Billinghurst, M Thomas, BH TI Developing AR Systems in the Presence of Spatial Uncertainty SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OF AUGMENTED REALITY: INTERFACES AND DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB This chapter introduces spatially adaptive augmented reality as an approach to dealing with the registration errors introduced by spatial uncertainty. It argues that if programmers are given simple estimates of registration error, they can create systems that adapt to dynamically changing amounts of spatial uncertainty, and that it is this ability to adapt to spatial uncertainty that will be the key to creating augmented reality systems that work in real-world environments. C1 [Robertson, Cindy M.; MacIntyre, Blair] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Julier, Simon] USN, W3D Mixed & Virtual Environm Lab, W3D Mixed & Virtual Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Julier, Simon] UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Robertson, CM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING PI HERSHEY PA 1331 E CHOCOLATE AVE, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1117 USA BN 978-1-59904-068-4 PY 2007 BP 23 EP 42 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BUP91 UT WOS:000290016300003 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, G. W. Wynne, J. H. Lloyd, C. T. Willauer, H. D. Hughes, J. M. TI Instability reactions and recycled soybean-derived biodiesel fuel liquids SO ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LA English DT Article DE diesel fuel; methylated fatty acids; recycled vegetable oils; soybean oil AB It has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements or diluents for middle distillate ground transportation fuels. It is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives that this use could prompt. In proposing such a replacement, considerations must be given to the many problems that could arise. Problems to be studied include fuel storage stability, fuel solubility, and oxidative stability. Unlike newly manufactured soy oils, it was found that this recycled soy oil was not stable in fuels. The question was, what in the recycled oil led to the observed fuel degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. W Springfield High Sch, Springfield, VA USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6180, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7036 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART A JI Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1080/009083190966225 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162TQ UT WOS:000246112800008 ER PT J AU Oppenheim, T Tewfic, S Scheck, T Klee, V Lomeli, S Dahir, W Youngren, P Aizpuru, N Clark, R Lee, EW Ogren, J Es-Said, OS AF Oppenheim, T. Tewfic, S. Scheck, T. Klee, V. Lomeli, S. Dahir, W. Youngren, P. Aizpuru, N. Clark, R., Jr. Lee, E. W. Ogren, J. Es-Said, O. S. TI On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 6061-T6 and 7249-T76 aluminum alloys SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE faulty heat treatments; correlation of strength and hardness; Al 6061-T6; Al 7249T-76 AB Al 6061-T6 was exposed to 75 heat treatments and Al 7249-76 was exposed to 90 heat treatments. The solution treatments, cooling rates and age hardening treatments were varied to simulate pitfalls that heat treaters may encounter. The physical and mechanical properties of thermally treated alloys were correlated and discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 LMU Dr,7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.10.013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 089VQ UT WOS:000240910000020 ER PT J AU Eberle, CJ AF Eberle, Christopher J. TI The history and moral legacy of the WWII bombing of civilians in Germany and Japan. SO ETHICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Eberle, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0014-1704 J9 ETHICS JI Ethics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 117 IS 2 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1086/510700 PG 8 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 146XD UT WOS:000244967100012 ER PT S AU Justh, EW Kowtha, V AF Justh, Eric W. Kowtha, Vijayanand BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI Biologically inspired models for swarming - art. no. 656302 SO Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation: Theory and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE swarming; unmanned vehicle control; agile teams; pursuit ID MOTION CAMOUFLAGE; STEERING LAWS AB "Understanding" the behavior of a biological system typically means formulating a sensible model, postulating a feedback law (incorporating biologically plausible sensory measurements), and experimentally verifying that the model and feedback law are consistent with nature. This approach is illustrated well in the work of K. Ghose, T. K. Horiuchi, P. S. Krishnaprasad, and C. F. Moss (and colleagues) on insect pursuit by echolocating bats. In work of F. Zhang, E. W. Justh, and P. S. Krishnaprasad, similar modeling principles and feedback laws have also been shown to play an important role in biologically-inspired formation-control and obstacle-avoidance laws. Building on this earlier work, we seek to identify a bio-inspired framework for cooperative swarming, in which the apparently complicated trajectories of individuals are explained by feedback laws which take a relatively simple form. The objectives of such swarming (e.g., for teams of unmanned vehicles) could include rendezvous, target capture (or destruction), and cooperative sensing. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justh, EW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5720 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6685-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6563 BP 56302 EP 56302 AR 656302 DI 10.1117/12.723687 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR58 UT WOS:000250108300001 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Joyce, PJ AF Joyce, J. A. Joyce, P. J. BE Link, RE Nikbin, KM TI An investigation of specimen geometry effects on the fracture behavior of a polytetrafluoroethylene polymer SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE MECHANICS, 35TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture CY NOV 18-20, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE J-integral; elastic-plastic fracture; polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE); pop-in behavior; geometry effects; side grooves; crack growth corrections ID LOAD SEPARATION CRITERION; NORMALIZATION METHOD AB Recent interest by the U.S. Navy in metal filled polymers for weapons applications has resulted in a desire to characterize interactions between polymer properties associated with strain rate sensitivity, pressure sensitivity, failure mechanisms, damage mechanisms, spall strength, crystalline response to shock loading, and dynamic fracture mechanics as well as the effects of loading the polymer with various metal fillers [1]. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an important structural polymer that in the "7C" derivative is used for gaskets, bearing pads, piston rings, and diaphragms and when 5 mu m aluminum spheres are added, has important ballistic properties. Prior work [2-4] evaluated the fracture toughness of PTFE and aluminum filled PTFE over a range of temperatures and loading rates using compact tension (C(T)) specimens and the normalization ethod [5-7] described in Annex At 5 of ASTM E 1820. Moreover, prior work [3] has shown that filling the PTFE with 10 to 25% aluminum 5 mu m spheres can increase stiffness and strength while the effect on toughness can be either positive or negative depending on the loading rate and test temperature. The overall effect on fracture toughness properties derived from adding the aluminum spheres to the PTFE is small and for that reason the unfilled PTFE material was used here to study the effects of geometry on fracture toughness in this material. The normalization method was initially chosen for this project because of the scarcity and cost of specimen material, especially the filled, reactive material, the many different test conditions to be investigated, and the inadequacy of alternative methods. It was quite fortunate that the normalization method was used initially to characterize this polymer since the fracture toughness resistance curves of this material often contains ductile instabilities or "pop-ins" which would not have been well characterized by multispecimen methods. The objective of this work is to compare the fracture toughness measurements obtained from C(T) and precracked Charpy (SE(B)) specimens tested under similar test conditions. A comparison is also made between J-R curves obtained using the single specimen normalization method and the "Basic" or multispecimen procedure. A limited study of the effects of side grooving on the crack extension and on the resulting J-R curves is included here. C1 [Joyce, J. A.; Joyce, P. J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3406-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 35 BP 390 EP 406 DI 10.1520/STP45526S PG 17 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BHF65 UT WOS:000252737900030 ER PT S AU Graham, SM Mercier, GP L'Heureux, BP AF Graham, Stephen M. Mercier, Gerard P. L'Heureux, Brian P. BE Link, RE Nikbin, KM TI Application of the reference temperature to the evaluation if cleavage fracture in HSLA-100 steel SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE MECHANICS, 35TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture CY NOV 18-20, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE fracture mechanics; reference temperature; cleavage; HSLA-100 ID DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION; CONSTRAINT AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture behavior of HSLA-100 steel at a temperature of -40 degrees C (-40 degrees F). Tests were conducted on three different compositions and two orientations of HSLA-100. HY-100 was also tested to provide a baseline for comparison. Various fracture-related tests were conducted, including traditional test methods, such as the Charpy V-notch and the Dynamic Tear, and more recent methods, such as ductile crack growth initiation (J(ic)) and the reference temperature. Transition temperatures from the Charpy tests were all very similar, falling around -129 degrees C (-200 degrees F), although the upper shelf Charpy energy for the HY-100 was lower than the HSLA-100 steels. Dynamic tear energies at -40 degrees C for the four steels ranged from 800 to 1800 J. The average reference temperature of all four steels, measured according to ASTM E 1921, was around -151 degrees C (-240 degrees F), with one composition of HSLA-100 coming in as low as -179 degrees C (-290 degrees F) and another as high as -123 degrees C (-190 degrees F). Fracture toughness tests were conducted according to E 1820 at temperatures of -40, -29, and -18 degrees C. These temperatures were more than 83 degrees C above the highest of the reference temperatures, so cleavage fracture was not expected to occur. The HY-100 specimens exhibited an average initiation toughness of 227 kJ/m(2) (1296 lb/in.) and crack growth remained ductile throughout the tests. Even though the HSLA-100 exhibited initiation toughnesses more than twice as high as the HY-100, many of the tests terminated in cleavage fracture after amounts of ductile crack growth varying from 0 to 1.85 mm (0.073 in.). This was an unexpected result based on good Charpy and dynamic tear energies at -40 degrees C, and low reference temperatures. The higher initiation toughness and tearing resistance of HSLA-100 allowed very high stresses to develop in the fracture process zone. As ductile crack growth occurred, the fracture process zone swept through an increasing volume of metal, which increased the probability of cleavage fracture. It is shown that the load required to reach these levels of crack driving force may be above gross section yielding of a typical structure. In this case failure by gross section yielding would occur before fracture. This is demonstrated with the aid of a failure assessment diagram. C1 [Graham, Stephen M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3406-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 35 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1520/STP45529S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BHF65 UT WOS:000252737900033 ER PT S AU Link, RE AF Link, Richard E. BE Link, RE Nikbin, KM TI Analysis of dynamic fracture and crack arrest of an HSLA steel in an SE(T) specimen SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE MECHANICS, 35TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture CY NOV 18-20, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE fracture mechanics; crack arrest; dynamic fracture; finite element analysis; toughness ID STRESS-INTENSITY FACTOR; CONSTRUCTION; TOUGHNESS; SOLIDS AB A single edge notch tension, SE(T), specimen was used to measure the dynamic fracture toughness and the crack arrest toughness of a tough HSLA steel in the ductile-brittle transition region. The SE(T) specimen was considerably smaller (W = 152 mm) than wide-plate specimens that have been typically used in other crack arrest tests. A thermal gradient was applied across the ligament of the specimen to facilitate a brittle crack initiation in the low temperature region of the specimen. The cleavage crack propagated into warmer and, consequently, tougher material which led to crack arrest. Transient, three-dimensional, finite element analyses of the tests were performed to determine the dynamic fracture and crack arrest toughness of the steel. The analyses employed both linear elastic and visco-plastic constitutive models. Dynamic strain measurements recorded during the run-arrest event were used to determine the crack tip position as a function of time during the event. This information was used as a boundary condition for the analysis. The measured strains were compared with strains predicted by the finite element analysis to validate the model. The dynamic response of the specimen, the effect of crack speed on the driving force, and the evolution of crack tip plasticity during the run-arrest event are discussed. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Link, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3406-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 35 BP 485 EP 510 DI 10.1520/STP45532S PG 26 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BHF65 UT WOS:000252737900036 ER PT S AU Graham, SM AF Graham, Stephen M. BE Link, RE Nikbin, KM TI Application of the Normalization method to dynamic fracture toughness testing of Alloy 718 SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE MECHANICS, 35TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture CY NOV 18-20, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE dynamic fracture toughness; Normalization method; Alloy 718 ID LOAD SEPARATION; COMMON FORMAT; MECHANICS; CURVES AB The fracture toughness and tensile properties of Alloy 718 were measured at quasi-static and dynamic loading rates for two different heat treatments and two product forms. Two different methods for conducting the dynamic tests were investigated; one involving interrupted tests and the other utilizing a single impact. The interrupted test method used multiple impacts with displacement limits to enable measurement of crack lengths at intermediate points. The normalization method was used to generate tearing resistance curves for the dynamic tests following the guidelines in ASTM Standard Test Method for measurement of Fracture Toughness (E 1820). The analysis pointed out the importance of obtaining a good measurement of load, displacement, and crack length at the point of maximum displacement (the anchor point). As the amount of ductile crack extension increased, the uncertainty in the plasticity function fit also increased. Methods to improve the fit were investigated, including the addition of anchor points from multiple tests, and use of a tangency point to estimate initiation. The resulting curves are compared to ascertain the variability obtained from nominally identical specimens, and to evaluate the effect of loading rate on the plasticity function. The normalization tearing resistance curves are compared with curves generated from the interrupted tests using compliance measurements during unloads to determine crack extension. Good agreement was obtained between the two methods of measuring tearing resistance, thereby validating the normalization analysis. The tests showed that multiple impacts drive down the tearing resistance, which may be significant in applications where a dynamic event causes load fluctuation. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3406-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 35 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1520/STP45533S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BHF65 UT WOS:000252737900037 ER PT B AU Furey, D Atsavapranee, P Cipolla, K AF Furey, D. Atsavapranee, P. Cipolla, K. GP ASME TI Data analysis methods for stereo PIV of a high aspect ratio flexible cylinder SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; THICK; VELOCITY AB Stereo Particle Image velocimetry data was collected over high aspect ratio flexible cylinders (L / a = 1.5 to 3 x 10(5)) to evaluate the axial development of the turbulent boundary layer where the boundary layer thickness becomes significantly larger than the cylinder diameter (delta / a >> 1). The flexible cylinders are approximately neutrally buoyant and have an initial length of 152 m and radii of 0.45 mm and 1.25 mm. The cylinders were towed at speeds ranging from 3.8 to 15.4 m/sec in the David Taylor Model Basin. The analysis of the SPIV data required a several step procedure to evaluate the cylinder boundary flow. First, the characterization of the flow field from the towing strut is required. This evaluation provides the residual mean velocities and turbulence levels caused by the towing hardware at each speed and axial location. These values, called tare values, are necessary for comparing to the cylinder flow results. Second, the cylinder flow fields are averaged together and the averaged tare fields are subtracted out to remove strut-induced ambient flow effects. Prior to averaging, the cylinder flow fields are shifted to collocate the cylinder within the field. Since the boundary layer develops slowly, all planes of data occurring within each 10 meter increment of the cylinder length are averaged together to produce the mean boundary layer flow. Corresponding fields from multiple runs executed using the same experimental parameters are also averaged. This flow is analyzed to evaluate the level of axisymmetry in the data and determine if small changes in cylinder angle affect the mean flow development. With axisymmetry verified, the boundary flow is further averaged azimuthally around the cylinder to produce mean boundary layer profiles. Finally, the fluctuating velocity levels are evaluated for the flow with the cylinder and compared to the fluctuating velocity levels in the tare data. This paper will first discuss the data analysis techniques for the tare data and the averaging methods implemented. Second, the data analysis considerations will be presented for the cylinder data and the averaging and cylinder tracking techniques. These results are used to extract relevant boundary layer parameters including delta, delta* and theta. Combining these results with wall shear and momentum thickness values extracted from averaged cylinder drag data, the boundary layer can be well characterized. C1 [Furey, D.; Atsavapranee, P.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Furey, D (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 1077 EP 1086 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100125 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Ahuja, V Hosangadi, A Ebert, M AF Lee, Yu-Tai Ahuja, Vineet Hosangadi, Ashvin Ebert, Michael GP ASME TI Shape optimization of a multi-element airfoil using CFD SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID FLOWS AB Movable flap with a NACA airfoil serves as a common control surface for underwater marine vehicles. To augment the functionality of the control surface, a Tab-Assisted Control (TAC) surface was experimentally tested to address its benefits to various different requirements of the control surface. The advantage of the TAC surface could be further enhanced with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to control the rear portion of the control surface to form a flexible tab (or FlexTAC) surface. Although the measured FlexTAC data demonstrated similar augmentation in enhancing airfoil's functionality, they also show subtle differences in data obtained from the TAC and FlexTAC measurements. High fidelity hybrid unstructured RANS calculation results are used to define the flow fields associated with the multielement FlexTAC airfoil with a stabilizer, a flap and a flexible tab. The prediction results are compared with the measured data obtained from both the TAC and the FlexTAC experiments. The comparison also leads to the resolution of the difference existed between the two data sets. In addition the RANS solutions are validated for predicting the forces and moments acting on the hydrofoil with adequate accuracy for use with an optimization scheme. For a horizontal control surface to effectively provide upward and downward motions, it is necessary to maintain a symmetric airfoil shape. In order to achieve maximum benefit out of a horizontal TAC/FlexTAC surface, a shape modification of the stabilizer (fixed portion of the hydrofoil) and the flap is desirable to account for the requirements at the most severe scenario. This paper focuses on the conditions when the movable flap surface becomes jammed. Since the present investigation deals with a FlexTAC configuration with a flexible tab, the shape modification focuses only on the stabilizer and the non-flexible portions of the flap. The shape optimization calculations coupling with the RANS predictions use an evolutionary algorithm, which consists of a genetic algorithm based design optimization procedure. This procedure searches the complex design landscape in an efficient and parallel manner. Furthermore, it can easily handle complexities in constraints and objectives and is disinclined to get trapped in local extreme regions. The utilization of the hybrid unstructured methodology provides flexibility in incorporating large changes in shape. The mesh regeneration is carried out in an automated manner through a scripting process within the grid generator. The optimization calculation is performed simultaneously on both the stabilizer and the flap. Shape changes to the trailing edge of the stabilizer strongly influence the secondary flow patterns that set up in the gap region between the stabilizer and the flap. These are found to have a profound influence on force and moment characteristics. Experimental and numerical evaluations of a shape obtained from a study of optimization results on the Pareto front for the current optimization landscape, further confirmed the optimization objectives. C1 [Lee, Yu-Tai; Ebert, Michael] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 1823 EP 1833 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100212 ER EF