FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. TI A note on Burgers' equation with time delay: Instability via finite-time blow-up SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Burgers' equation with delay; Single-phase-lag model; Instability; Lambert W-function ID TRAFFIC FLOW; RELAXATION; GROWTH AB Burgers' equation with time delay is considered. Using the Cole-Hopf transformation, the exact solution of this nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) is determined in the context of a (seemingly) well-posed initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) involving homogeneous Dirichlet data. The solution obtained, however, is shown to exhibit a delay-induced instability, suffering blow-up in finite-time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR/NRL [PE 061153N] FX The author is grateful to the anonymous referee for bringing an important reference to his attention and for his/her helpful comments and suggestions. The author is also grateful to Profs. A.C. Fowler, R.E. Mickens, and S. Rionero for the enlightening discussions. This work was supported by ONR/NRL funding (PE 061153N). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 13 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 42 BP 6363 EP 6367 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.08.049 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 368XJ UT WOS:000260656200009 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Dermer, CD Bottcher, M AF Finke, Justin D. Dermer, Charles D. Boettcher, Markus TI Synchrotron self-Compton analysis of TeV X-ray-selected BL Lacertae objects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; BL Lacertae objects : individual (PKS 2155-304 Mrk 421); galaxies : active; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; PAIR PRODUCTION; MARKARIAN 501; PKS 2155-304; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS AB We introduce a methodology for analysis of multiwavelength data from X-ray-selected BL Lac (XBL) objects detected in the TeV regime. By assuming that the radio-through-X-ray flux from XBLs is nonthermal synchrotron radiation emitted by isotropically distributed electrons in the randomly oriented magnetic field of a relativistic blazar jet, we obtain the electron spectrum. This spectrum is then used to deduce the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) spectrum as a function of the Doppler factor, magnetic field, and variability timescale. The variability timescale is used to infer the comoving blob radius from light-travel time arguments, leaving only two parameters. With this approach, we accurately simulate the synchrotron and SSC spectra of flaring XBLs in the Thomson through Klein-Nishina regimes. Photoabsorption by interactions with internal jet radiation and the intergalactic background light (IBL) is included. Doppler factors, magnetic fields, and absolute jet powers are obtained by fitting the H. E. S. S. and Swift data of the recent giant TeV flare observed from PKS 2155-304. For the H. E. S. S. and Swift data from 2006 July 28 and 30, respectively, Doppler factors greater than or similar to 60 and absolute jet powers greater than or similar to 10(46) ergs s(-1) are required for a synchrotron/SSC model to give a good fit to the data, for a low intensity of the IBL and a ratio of 10 times more energy in hadrons than nonthermal electrons. Fits are also made to a TeV flare observed in 2001 from Mrk 421 which require Doppler factors greater than or similar to 30 and jet powers greater than or similar to 10(45) ergs s(-1). C1 [Finke, Justin D.; Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boettcher, Markus] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7635,4555 Overlook SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil NR 81 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1086/590900 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200013 ER PT J AU Dudley, CC Imanishi, M Maloney, PR AF Dudley, C. C. Imanishi, M. Maloney, P. R. TI Ice emission and the redshifts of submillimeter sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (HDF 850.1, IRAS 00188-0856, IRAS 14348-1447, QSO J1148+5251); infrared : galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MU-M SPECTROSCOPY; SCUBA SUPER-MAP; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; DUST EMISSION AB Observations at submillimeter wavelengths have revealed a population of sources thought to be at relatively large redshifts. The position of the 850 mu m passband on the Rayleigh-Jeans portion of the Planck function leads to a maximum-redshift estimate of z similar to 4: 5, since sources will not retain their redshift-independent brightness close to the peak of the Planck function and thus drop out of surveys. Here we review evidence that ice absorption is present in the spectra of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies, which are often taken as analogs for the 850 mu m source population. We consider the implication of this absorption for ice-induced spectral structure at far-infrared wavelengths and present marginal astronomical evidence that amorphous ice may have a feature similar to crystalline ice near 150 mu m. Recent corroborative laboratory evidence is supportive of this conclusion. It is argued that early metal enrichment by pair-instability supernovae may lead to a high ice content relative to refractory dust at high redshift, and a fairly robust detection of ice emission in a z 6: 42 quasar is presented. It is further shown that ice emission is needed to understand the 450 mu m sources observed in the GOODS-N field. We are thus encouraged to apply far-infrared ice emission models to the available observations of HDF 850.1, the brightest submillimeter source in the Hubble Deep Field. We suggest that a redshift as large as 13 may need to be considered for this source, nearly a factor of 3 above the usual top estimate. Inclusion of the possibility of far-infrared ice emission in the spectral energy distributions of model sources generally broadens the range of redshifts to be considered for submillimeter sources compared to models without ice emission. C1 [Dudley, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Imanishi, M.] Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Maloney, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dudley, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM c.christopher.dudley.85@alum.dartmouth.org NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1086/587445 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200019 ER PT J AU Dahn, CC Harris, HC Levine, SE Tilleman, T Monet, AKB Stone, RC Guetter, HH Canzian, B Pier, JR Hartkopf, WI Liebert, J Cushing, M AF Dahn, Conard C. Harris, Hugh C. Levine, Stephen E. Tilleman, Trudy Monet, Alice K. B. Stone, Ronald C. Guetter, Harry H. Canzian, Blaise Pier, Jeffrey R. Hartkopf, William I. Liebert, James Cushing, Michael TI Trigonometric parallaxes for two late-type subdwarfs: LSR 1425+71 (sdM8.0) and the binary LSR 1610-00 (sd?M6pec) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : close; stars : individual (LSR 1425+7102, LSR 1610-0040) stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; subdwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; BROWN DWARFS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ULTRACOOL SUBDWARFS; LUMINOSITY-RELATION; METALLICITY SCALE; EXTREME SUBDWARF AB Trigonometric parallax astrometry and BVI photometry are presented for two late-type subdwarf candidates, LSR 1425+71 (sdM8.0) and LSR 1610-00 (sd?M6pec). For the former we measure an absolute parallax of 13.37 +/- 0.51 mas yielding M-V = 15.25 +/- 0.09. The astrometry for LSR 1610-00 shows that this object is an astrometric binary with a period of 1.66 +/- 0.01 yr. The photocentric orbit is derived from the data; it has a moderate eccentricity (e approximate to 0: 44 +/- 0: 02) and a semimajor axis of 0.29 +/- 0.01 AU based on our measured absolute parallax of 31.02 +/- 0.26 mas. Our radial velocity measure of-108.1 +/- 1.6 km s(-1) for LSR 1610-00 at epoch 2006.179, when coupled with the observation of-95 +/- 1 kms(-1) at epoch 2005.167 by Reiners & Basri, indicates a systemic radial velocity of-101 +/- 1 km s(-1) for the LSR 1610-00AB pair. The Galactic velocity components for LSR 1425+71 and LSR 1610-00AB are (U, V, W) = (84 +/- 6,-202 +/- 13, 66 +/- 14) km s(-1) and (U, V, W) = (36 +/- 2,-232 +/- 2,-61 +/- 2) km s(-1), respectively. For both stars, the velocities are characteristic of halo population kinematics. However, modeling shows that both stars have orbits around the Galaxy with high eccentricity that pass remarkably close to the Galactic center. LSR 1425+71 has a luminosity and colors consistent with its metal-poor subdwarf spectral classification, while LSR 1610-00 has a luminosity and most colors indicative of being only mildly metal-poor, plus a uniquely red B-V color. The companion to LSR 1610-00 must be a low-mass, substellar brown dwarf. We speculate on the paradoxical nature of LSR 1610-00 and possible sources of its peculiarities. C1 [Dahn, Conard C.; Harris, Hugh C.; Levine, Stephen E.; Tilleman, Trudy; Monet, Alice K. B.; Stone, Ronald C.; Guetter, Harry H.; Canzian, Blaise; Pier, Jeffrey R.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Liebert, James] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cushing, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dahn, CC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dahn@nofs.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; liebert@jayhawk.as.arizona.edu; mcushing@ifa.hawaii.edu NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1086/591050 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200045 ER PT J AU Paul, NM Taylor, M Kumar, R Deschamps, JR Luedtke, RR Newman, AH AF Paul, Noel M. Taylor, Michelle Kumar, Rakesh Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Luedtke, Robert R. Newman, Amy Hauck TI Structure-activity relationships for a novel series of dopamine D2-like receptor ligands based on N-substituted 3-aryl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; ABUSE THERAPEUTIC AGENTS; D3 RECEPTOR; DRUG-ABUSE; NEW-GENERATION; ANIMAL-MODELS; COCAINE ABUSE; HIGH-AFFINITY; IN-VIVO AB Discovering dopamine D2-like receptor subtype-selective ligands has been a focus of significant investigation. The D2R-selective antagonist 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidinyl]methylindole (1, L741,626; K(i)(D2R/MR) = 11.2:163 nM) has previously provided a lead template for chemical modification. Herein, analogues have been synthesized where the piperidine was replaced by a tropane ring that reversed the selectivity seen in the parent compound, in human hD2(L)R- or hD3R-transfected HEK 293 cells (31, K(i)(D2R/D3R) = 33.4: 15.5 nM). Further exploration of both N-substituted and aryl ring-substituted analogues resulted in the discovery of several high affinity D2R/D3R ligands with 3-benzofurylmethyl-substituents (e.g., 45, K(i)(D2R/D3R) = 1.7:0.34 nM) that induced high affinity not achieved in similarly N-substituted piperidine analogues and significantly (470-fold) improved D3R binding affinity compared to the parent ligand 1. X-ray crystallographic data revealed a distinctive spatial arrangement of pharmacophoric elements in the piperidinol vs tropine analogues, providing clues for the diversity in SAR at the D2 and D3 receptor subtypes. C1 [Paul, Noel M.; Newman, Amy Hauck] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, Med Chem Sect, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taylor, Michelle; Kumar, Rakesh; Luedtke, Robert R.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Neurosci, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, Med Chem Sect, NIH, 333 Cassell Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM anewman@intra.nida.nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Paul, Noel/0000-0002-4980-9383 FU NIDA-IRP; NIH [DA13584-03S1, DA13584-01]; NIH Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA); NIDA [Y1-DA6002] FX This work was supported by the NIDA-IRP, NIH Grant DA13584-03S1, and NIH Grant DA13584-01. N.M.P. was supported by a NIH Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) Fellowship. Crystallographic studies were supported by NIDA Contract Y1-DA6002. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 19 BP 6095 EP 6109 DI 10.1021/jm800532x PG 15 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 356EC UT WOS:000259760500027 PM 18774793 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Kaminska, E Wlodarczyk, P Pawlus, S Kimla, D Kasprzycka, A Paluch, M Ziolo, J Szeja, W Ngai, KL AF Kaminski, K. Kaminska, E. Wlodarczyk, P. Pawlus, S. Kimla, D. Kasprzycka, A. Paluch, M. Ziolo, J. Szeja, W. Ngai, K. L. TI Dielectric studies on mobility of the glycosidic linkage in seven disaccharides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; MULTIPLE-FIELD C-13; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SECONDARY RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; NMR RELAXATION AB Isobaric dielectric relaxation measurements were performed on seven chosen disaccharides. For five of them, i.e., sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactulose, and leucrose, we were able to observe the temperature evolution of the structural relaxation process. In the case of the other disaccharides studied (lactose and cellobiose), it was impossible to obtain such information because of the large contribution of the dc conductivity and polarization of the capacitor plates to the imaginary and real part of the complex permittivity, respectively. On the other hand, in the glassy state, two secondary relaxations have been identified in the dielectric spectra of all investigated carbohydrates. The faster one (gamma) is a common characteristic feature of the entire sugar family (mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharide). The molecular origin of this process is still not unambiguously identified but is expected to involve intramolecular degrees of freedom as inferred from insensitivity of its relaxation time to pressure found in some monosaccharides (fructose and ribose). The slower one (labeled) was recently identified to be intermolecular in origin (i.e., a Johari -Goldstein (JG) beta-relaxation), involving twisting motion of the monosugar rings around the glycosidic bond. The activation energies and dielectric strengths for the beta-relaxation determined herein provide us valuable information about the flexibility of the glycosidic bond and the mobility of this particular linkage in the disaccharides studied. In turn, this information is essential for the control of the diffusivity of drugs or water entrapped in the sugar matrix. C1 [Kaminski, K.; Kaminska, E.; Wlodarczyk, P.; Pawlus, S.; Kimla, D.; Kasprzycka, A.; Paluch, M.; Ziolo, J.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Szeja, W.] Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Div Organ Chem Biochem & Biotechnol, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminski, K (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. FU Committee for Scientific Research, Poland KBN [N N202 007534]; Office of Naval Research; FNP (2008); FNP (Team programme) FX Financial support of the Committee for Scientific Research, Poland KBN, Grant No. N N202 007534, is gratefully acknowledged. At the Naval Research laboratory, K.L.N. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. K.K. acknowledges financial assistance from FNP (2008). M.P. wishes to acknowledge the financial support from the FNP (Team programme). NR 64 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 40 BP 12816 EP 12823 DI 10.1021/jp804240a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 356LR UT WOS:000259780200036 PM 18793019 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Stevens, MH Siskind, DE Harlander, JM Roesler, FL Pickett, HM von Savigny, C Kochenash, AJ AF Englert, Christoph R. Stevens, Michael H. Siskind, David E. Harlander, John M. Roesler, Fred L. Pickett, Herbert M. von Savigny, Christian Kochenash, Andrew J. TI First results from the Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER): Diurnal variation of mesospheric hydroxyl SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MESOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OH; SPECTROSCOPY; OZONE; H2O AB We present the first SHIMMER observations of the diurnal variation of mesospheric hydroxyl (OH). We compare our data with Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations at about 13h local time near 55 degrees N and find very good agreement. This validates the Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy technique for space-borne optical remote sensing applications. We extend our analysis to other local times, not observed by MLS, for latitudes near 55 degrees N in the summer of 2007. At 74 km, we find excellent agreement with a photochemical model, but above 76 km, significant model/data differences in the shape of the OH diurnal variation are observed. C1 [Englert, Christoph R.; Stevens, Michael H.; Siskind, David E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harlander, John M.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Kochenash, Andrew J.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Pickett, Herbert M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Roesler, Fred L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [von Savigny, Christian] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys & Remote Sensing, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christoph.englert@nrl.navy.mil RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA FX Funding for this research was provided by the Office of Naval Research. SHIMMER is a joint program between the Naval Research Laboratory and the DoD Space Test Program. The authors would like to thank Joel G. Cardon, Ronen Feldman, John F. Moser, W. Layne Marlin, Charles M. Brown, Robert R. Conway, Andrew N. Straatveit, Michael A. Carr, and Andrew W. Stephan for their contributions to the SHIMMER project. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with NASA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 19 AR L19813 DI 10.1029/2008GL035420 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 359LD UT WOS:000259987300005 ER PT J AU Chen, W Mied, RP Shen, CY AF Chen, Wei Mied, Richard P. Shen, Colin Y. TI Near-surface ocean velocity from infrared images: Global Optimal Solution to an inverse model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES AB We address the problem of obtaining ocean surface velocities from sequences of thermal (AVHRR) space-borne images by inverting the heat conservation equation (including sources of surface heat fluxes and vertical entrainment). We demonstrate the utility of the technique by deriving surface velocities from (1) The motion of a synthetic surface tracer in a numerical model and (2) a sequence of five actual AVHRR images from 1 day. Typical formulations of this tracer inversion problem yield too few equations at each pixel, which is often remedied by imposing additional constraints (e. g., horizontal divergence, vorticity, and energy). In contrast, we propose an alternate strategy to convert the underdetermined equation set to an overdetermined one. We divide the image scene into many subarrays and define velocities and sources within each subarray using bilinear expressions in terms of the corner points (called knots). In turn, all velocities and sources on the knots can be determined by seeking an optimum solution to these linear equations over the large scale, which we call the Global Optimal Solution (GOS). We test the accuracy of the GOS by contaminating the model output with up to 10% white noise but find that filtering the data with a Gaussian convolution filter yields velocities nearly indistinguishable from those without the added noise. We compare the GOS velocity fields with those from the numerical model and from the Maximum Cross Correlation (MCC) technique. A histogram of the difference between GOS and numerical model velocities is narrower and more peaked than the similar comparison with MCC, irrespective of the time interval (Delta t = 2 or 4 h) between images. The calculation of the root mean square error difference between the GOS (and MCC) results and the model velocities indicates that the GOS/model error is only half that of the MCC/model error irrespective of the time interval (Dt = 2 or 4 h) between images. Finally, the application of the technique to a sequence of five NOAA AVHRR images yields a velocity field, which we compare with that from a Coastal Ocean Dynamics Radar (CODAR) array. We find that the GOS velocities generally agree more closely with those from the CODAR than they do with those from the MCC. Specifically, the root mean square error obtained by differencing GOS and CODAR velocities is smaller than that from the similar calculation with MCC velocities. The magnitude of the complex correlation between GOS and CODAR is larger than that between MCC and CODAR. The phase of the complex correlation indicates that both MCC and GOS on average yield velocity vectors biased in the clockwise direction relative to the CODAR vectors for the period examined. C1 [Chen, Wei; Mied, Richard P.; Shen, Colin Y.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [WU-8743-07] FX This research work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the project WU-8743-07 at the Naval Research Laboratory. We are grateful to J. Kohut (Rutgers U.) for supplying the CODAR velocity field used in this work. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C10 AR C10003 DI 10.1029/2008JC004747 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 359MF UT WOS:000259990300001 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, Keye TI Topology in information theory in topology SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Dagstuhl Seminar on Computational Structures for Modeling Space, Time and Casuality CY AUG, 2006 CL Schloss Dagstuhl, GERMANY DE Domain theory; Quantum information; Topology; Information theory; Timing channels AB We prove that timed capacity in information theory is a Euclidean continuous function of noise. This is a result based on topological methods that benefits work in information theory. Then we show that binary timing capacity is a measure of distance which yields the Euclidean topology oil the unit interval, despite the fact that it does not satisfy the triangle inequality. This is a result based oil information theoretic methods that benefits topology. These results have important applications in air area known as information hiding, in the study of quantum communication and in domain theory. They appear to raise fundamental questions about the nature of distance itself. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keye.martin@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD OCT 6 PY 2008 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.06.027 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 361MR UT WOS:000260132300010 ER PT J AU Adams, IS Gaiser, P Jones, WL AF Adams, Ian Stuart Gaiser, Peter Jones, W. Linwood TI Simulation of the Stokes vector in inhomogeneous precipitation SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; WINDSAT; ATMOSPHERE; MILLIMETER; MATRIX; MODEL; RAIN AB The large absorption and scattering cross sections of liquid and frozen hydrometeors, respectively, introduce appreciable signatures to measured polarized brightness temperatures, degrading the retrieval of other geophysical parameters such as near-surface ocean winds. In particular, the retrieval of wind direction requires precise knowledge of polarization. This study investigates the fully polarized atmospheric contribution of precipitation and compares these effects with the current sensitivities of passive wind vector retrieval algorithms. A realistic microphysical cloud model supplies atmospheric parameters, including hydrometeor water contents, which are input into a vector radiative transfer model. Scattering is handled using a reverse Monte Carlo method. Radiances are simulated for three frequencies of interest to microwave polarimetry, 10.7, 18.7, and 37.0 GHz, for the four elements of the Stokes vector. The simulations show that the dichroic nature of precipitating media has a significant impact on passive wind vector retrievals. C1 [Adams, Ian Stuart; Gaiser, Peter] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones, W. Linwood] Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7223,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ian.adams@nrl.navy.mil; ljones@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu FU Colorado State University; Goddard Cumulus Ensemble; ARTS FX We would like to thank Chris Kummerow and Jody Crook at Colorado State University for giving us access to Goddard Cumulus Ensemble data and to their radiative transfer code, which facilitated proper use of the GCE data. We would also like to thank the developers of ARTS for making their code available to the scientific community and for their support in using and understanding ARTS. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT 4 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 AR RS5006 DI 10.1029/2007RS003744 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 356VR UT WOS:000259806200001 ER PT J AU Le, F Xie, GG Pei, D Wang, J Zhang, H AF Le, Franck Xie, Geoffrey G. Pei, Dan Wang, Jia Zhang, Hui TI Shedding light on the glue logic of the Internet routing architecture SO ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE design; management; measurement; routing glue logic; route redistribution; route selection AB Recent studies reveal that the routing structures of operational networks are much more complex than a simple BGP/IGP hierarchy, highlighted by the presence of many distinct instances of routing protocols. However, the glue (how routing protocol instances interact and exchange routes among themselves) is still little understood or studied. For example, although Route Redistribution (RR), the implementation of the glue in router software, has been used in the Internet for more than a decade, it was only recently shown that RR is extremely vulnerable to anomalies similar to the permanent route oscillations in BGP. This paper takes an important step toward understanding how RR is used and how fundamental the role RR plays in practice. We developed a complete model and associated tools for characterizing interconnections between routing instances based on analysis of router configuration data. We analyzed and characterized the RR usage in more than 1600 operational networks. The findings are: (i) RR is indeed widely used; (ii) operators use RR to achieve important design objectives not realizable with existing routing protocols alone; (iii) RR configurations can be very diverse and complex. These empirical discoveries not only confirm that the RR glue constitutes a critical component of the current Internet routing architecture, but also emphasize the urgent need for more research to improve its safety and flexibility to support important design objectives. C1 [Le, Franck; Zhang, Hui] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Xie, Geoffrey G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Le, F (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NSF [NSF-0331653, NSF-0520187]; Graduate Research Fellowship; [CNS-0520210]; [CNS-0721574] FX We thank Jay Borkenhagen, Appanna Chottera, Mike Donoghue, Alex Gerber, Timothy Griffin, Seungjoon Lee, Steve Legget, Mark Lyn, Kobus van der Merwe, Jason Philippon, Mike Satterlee, Tom Scholl, Aman Shaikh and Philip Taylor for many helpful discussions. We would also like to express our gratitude to all others who provided us with the configurations of their networks and discussed them with us but prefer to preserve their anonymity. This research was partially sponsored by the NSF under the 100x100 Clean Slate Project [1] (NSF-0331653), the 4D Project [2] (NSF-0520187), grants CNS-0520210, CNS-0721574 and a Graduate Research Fellowship. Views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of AT&T, NSF, or the U. S. government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0146-4833 EI 1943-5819 J9 ACM SIGCOMM COMP COM JI ACM SIGCOMM Comp. Commun. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1145/1402946.1402964 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 351PD UT WOS:000259435500005 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Cooper, KP McFadden, GB AF Pande, C. S. Cooper, K. P. McFadden, G. B. TI Grain size distribution in two dimensions in the long time limit SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain size distribution; Stochastic model; Fokker-Planck equation; Numerical solution ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; NETWORK STRUCTURES; GROWTH; BOUNDARIES; DIFFUSION AB It is shown that the inclusion of a "noise" term in the growth rate of individual grains leads to a stochastic model that provides a more realistic description of grain growth phenomenon. The resulting Fokker-Planck equation for the grain size distribution is solved numerically due to the difficulties in obtaining an analytical solution. The analysis is limited to two dimensions and assumes quasi-stationary distributions in the long time limit. The resulting grain size distribution is shown to be in agreement with that obtained from computer simulations, indicating the validity of the stochastic approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Pande, C. S.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20809 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cooper@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to Dr. Robert A. Masumura for his substantial contributions to this work. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 56 IS 18 BP 5304 EP 5311 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.07.008 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 369OP UT WOS:000260704100035 ER PT J AU Gherlone, JA AF Gherlone, J. A., Jr. TI Untitled SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Gherlone, J. A., Jr.] USN, LCDR, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360NC UT WOS:000260063200004 ER PT J AU Wu, SJ Pal, S Ekanayake, S Greenwald, D Lara, S Raviprakash, K Kochel, T Porter, K Hayes, C Nelson, W Callahan, J AF Wu, Shuenn-Jue Pal, Subhamoy Ekanayake, Sajeewane Greenwald, David Lara, Silvia Raviprakash, Kanakatte Kochel, Tadeusz Porter, Kevin Hayes, Curtis Nelson, William Callahan, Johnny TI A dry-format field-deployable quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of dengue infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB We have systematically evaluated a dry-format, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay developed by Tetracore Inc. for the Cepheid SmartCycler platform to facilitate rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infections. A panel of related flaviviruses was used to evaluate the clinical specificity of the assay, and it was found to be specific to dengue. Eighty-one clinical samples previously confirmed dengue positive by virus isolation, along with 25 dengue negative control specimens were used to validate this new diagnostic assay. Using these clinical samples, the assay exhibited 98.77% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Over 85% of the clinical specimen exhibited viral loads ranging from 10(3) to 10(7) plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL). In addition, this dry-format assay is stable at ambient temperatures and requires minimal technical expertise to perform in a small thermocycler platform. These characteristics make it a promising candidate for diagnosis of dengue in mobile laboratories in the field. C1 [Pal, Subhamoy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept Code 41, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Tetracore Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Pal, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept Code 41, Infect Dis Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM pal.subhamoy@med.navy.mil RI Pal, Subhamoy/A-8025-2011; Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011; Pal, Subhamoy/A-9526-2015 OI Pal, Subhamoy/0000-0003-0133-8444 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 357PG UT WOS:000259858000006 PM 18840736 ER PT J AU Bashelor, A Ksir, A Traves, W AF Bashelor, Andrew Ksir, Amy Traves, Will TI Enumerative algebraic geometry of conics SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article C1 [Ksir, Amy; Traves, Will] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM andrew.bashelor@mac.com; ksir@usna.edu; traves@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001405WR20153] FX We first learned about this topic from Frank Sottile, whose expository lectures and writing guided our early investigations. Mike Roth provided help at a crucial time; his suggestions form the basis for our proof of Theorem 3. Steve Kleiman gave us extensive comments on a first draft of the paper and rescued us from several errors. Helene Speer's gracious help improved our figures. This paper grew out of Midshipman Andrew Bashelor's Trident project [3], a full-year research project carried out at the U.S. Naval Academy. We are grateful to the Trident Scholar Committee for their oversight and guidance. In particular we gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for partial support of this work in funding document N0001405WR20153. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 115 IS 8 BP 701 EP 728 PG 28 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 357ED UT WOS:000259828200003 ER PT J AU Costantini, TW Acosta, JA Hoyt, DB Ramamoorthy, S AF Costantini, Todd W. Acosta, Jose A. Hoyt, David B. Ramamoorthy, Sonia TI Surgical Resident and Attending Physician Attitudes toward Glucose Control in the Surgical Patient SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Southern California Chapter of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY JAN 18-20, 2008 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Coll Surg, SE Calif Chapter ID INSULIN THERAPY; INFECTION AB Hyperglycemia is a common occurrence in postoperative surgical patients and has been related to adverse outcomes, including increased infections, delayed wound healing, and increased postoperative mortality. Therefore, the management of hyperglycemia has become an increasingly important part of surgical practice. A 16-point questionnaire was distributed to general surgery housestaff and attending physicians at three teaching hospitals in southern California. The survey was scaled I to 5 (1, strongly disagree; 5, strongly agree). Answers of 1 and 2 were considered a negative response, whereas 4 and 5 were considered affirmative responses. There were 105 survey respondents (60 surgical residents, 45 surgical attendings). Only half of respondents were confident in their ability to adequately control blood sugar in their hospitalized patients. Approximately 60 per cent of attendings rely on residents to manage glucose control. Less than half of the attendings (49%) and less than one-third of residents (27%) stated they were current with the latest guidelines for glucose control. Only one-third of the attendings would consult an internist or endocrinologist to assist in glycemic management. This study reveals an important knowledge deficit among surgical resident and attending physicians. Focused education on glycemic control in the perioperative patient should be a mandatory component of surgical training. C1 [Costantini, Todd W.; Ramamoorthy, Sonia] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Acosta, Jose A.] USN, Dept Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hoyt, David B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orange, CA 92668 USA. RP Costantini, TW (reprint author), 402 Dickinson St,Mail Code 8402, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM tcostantini@ucsd.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 10 BP 993 EP 996 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 360YQ UT WOS:000260095100024 PM 18942630 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J. Ngai, K. L. TI Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dynamics Near the Glass Transition in Ionic Liquids SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FORCE-FIELD; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; FORMING LIQUIDS; MODEL; SIMULATION; VISCOSITY; SOLVENTS; CHLORIDE; DENSITY AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to study the dynamics near the glass transition regime of molecular ions in ionic liquids. The glass transition temperature in the simulated 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium nitrate (EMIM-NO(3)) system was determined by plotting density against temperatures. The dynamics at several temperatures in the liquid, supercooled liquid, and glassy states have been characterized by the diffusion coefficients, fractal dimension analysis of the trajectories, and the van-Hove functions. The diffusion coefficient approximately obeys the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) relation. However, two power laws or two exponentials are also good descriptions of the data. The fractal dimension of the random walks is a measure of the complexity of the trajectory, which is attributed to the geometrical correlations among successive motions. Rapid increase of the fractal dimension of the random walks on decreasing temperature is found for both cations and anions. Temperature dependence of the fractal dimension of the random walks for the long range (accelerated) motion is larger than that for short range (localized) motion. This reasonably explains the change in the slopes found in the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients. At around the glass transition temperature, long range motion is essentially absent during the observed times, up to several nano seconds. This feature is also confirmed by the van-Hove functions. Such slowing down of the dynamics in the fragile ionic liquids is characterized by the changes from long range motion to short range motion instead of sudden changes at around To in the VFT relation. C1 [Habasaki, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki.j.aa@m.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [19540396] FX This research was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 19540396, 2007-2009. The work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1321 EP 1327 DI 10.2116/analsci.24.1321 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 364ED UT WOS:000260318100019 PM 18845894 ER PT J AU Hackworth, RJ Tokarz, KA Fowler, IM Wallace, SC Stedje-Larsen, ET AF Hackworth, Robert J. Tokarz, Kyle A. Fowler, Ian M. Wallace, Scott C. Stedje-Larsen, Eric T. TI Profound pain reduction after induction of memantine treatment in two patients with severe phantom limb pain SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MEMANTINE; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; AMPUTATION; MECHANISMS; ETIOLOGY; BLOCKADE; AMPUTEES; TRIAL AB We present the cases of two patients who suffered severe lower extremity injuries and subsequently developed phantom limb pain (PLP) that was refractory to high dose opioids and adjunctive pain medications. Both patients were receiving large doses of oral methadone, IV hydromorphone via a patient-controlled analgesia delivery system, and adjunctive medications including tricyclic antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and anti-epileptics. Despite these treatments, the patients had severe PLP. Upon induction of the oral N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine, both patients had a profound reduction in their PLP without any apparent side effects from the medication. C1 [Hackworth, Robert J.; Tokarz, Kyle A.; Fowler, Ian M.; Wallace, Scott C.; Stedje-Larsen, Eric T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tokarz, KA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kyle.tokarz@med.navy.mil FU Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, California FX Supported by Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, California. This article is the view of the authors and not the United States Navy. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1379 DI 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817f90f1 PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 352UE UT WOS:000259522100049 PM 18806054 ER PT J AU Tucker, MH Tankersley, MS AF Tucker, Mark H. Tankersley, Michael S. CA ACAAI Immunotherapy & Diagnostics TI Perception and practice of sublingual immunotherapy among practicing allergists SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; ANAPHYLAXIS; RHINITIS; SAFETY; POLLEN; CHILDREN; ADULTS; ROUTES AB Background: Currently, little information is available regarding who is using sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the United States, what product they may be using, how they are dosing that product, and what perceived effect it may be having on patients. Objective: To gather information regarding the perception and use of SLIT among practicing allergists in the United States. Methods: On behalf of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Immunotherapy and Diagnostics Committee, an electronic survey was sent to all practicing allergists of the ACAAI in March 2007. Results: The survey response rate was 25.7% (828/3,217) in which 92.5% of the respondents (766/828) practiced in the United States. For 61.7% (471/763) the most cited reason for not using SLIT was lack of approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If SLIT were an FDA-approved form of immunotherapy, 65.7% would use it to treat allergic rhinitis, 45.5% would use SLIT to treat patients younger than 5 years, and 40.9% would use it to treat moderate to severe asthma. A total of 5.9% (45/766) of US allergists reported using SLIT. Most perceived SLIT to be as effective (44.7%) or more effective (10.5%) than subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Most allergists who used SLIT (65.9%) had it reimbursed by patients paying out of pocket. The most commonly used extract (79.1%) was a commercially available extract used for SCIT. Some practitioners (53.5%) required their patients to administer doses of SLIT in their office, but 81.8% only required that this be done with the first dose. Practitioners gave epinephrine injectors to 41.5% of their patients receiving SLIT. Conclusions: Although only 5.9% of US allergists reported using SLIT, most of the 828 surveyed (766 US allergists) viewed SLIT as safe and effective and would consider using SLIT if it were an FDA-approved therapy. C1 [Tucker, Mark H.] USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Dept Allergy, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Tucker, Mark H.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Tucker, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Dept Allergy, 2251 Cushing Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM mhtucker@pol.net NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 359II UT WOS:000259979300014 PM 18939732 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Tomori, T Carr, W McKeague, A Teranishi, K Prusaczyk, K McCarron, R AF Arnaud, Francoise Tomori, Toshiki Carr, Walter McKeague, Anne Teranishi, Kohsuke Prusaczyk, Keith McCarron, Richard TI Exothermic reaction in zeolite hemostatic dressings: QuikClot ACS and ACS+(R) SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE uncontrolled hemorrhage; hemostatic dressing; reduced temperature; survival ID LETHAL GROIN INJURY; HEMORRHAGE CONTROL; AGENT QUIKCLOT; ANIMAL-MODEL; CASE SERIES; SWINE AB Background Zeolites have hemostatic properties used to stop bleeding in severe hemorrhage. Manufactured QuikClot (R) is an approved zeolite-based hemostatic agent for battlefield use. The exothermic reaction associated with QuikClot as loose granules or as granules packaged in a mesh bag has potential burn effects; this led to the development of a formulation of "cooler" non-exothermic QuikClot. The goal of this study was to compare the elevation of temperature of these formulations upon contact with blood. Methods Following full transection of the femoral vasculature, anesthetized Yorkshire pigs (n = 15) (28.8 +/- 1.5 kg) were hemorrhaged for 2 min and treated with 100 g of bagged QuikClot (Advanced Clotting Sponge (ACS) (n = 4)) or a modified non-exothermic formulation (ACS+ (n = 11)). Vital signs and temperature at the dressing/tissue interface were continuously recorded for 3 h. Additional procedures were used to examine effects of different ratios of blood to zeolite on temperature elevation. Results Total post-treatment blood loss was comparable for ACS+_E and ACS_E groups (overall average: 18.6 +/- 10.5% EBV). Temperature recorded at the dressing/tissue interface was significantly lower with ACS+ vs. ACS (40.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 61.4 +/- 10.7 degrees C, respectively, p < 0.01) and was 3.2 +/- 2.6 degrees C higher than rectal temperature (38.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C, p < 0.01). Survival at endpoint (7/11 vs. 4/4) and average survival time (134 +/- 64 vs. 180 min) were greater for both ACS+ and ACS in comparison to Standard Dressing. The wound temperature with ACS was reduced with greater blood to product ratios and this pattern was paralleled with in vitro measurements. Conclusions The lower heat release with ACS+ compared to ACS was confirmed in an animal model and ACS+ had similar efficacy in arresting bleeding when compared to Standard Dressing. C1 [Arnaud, Francoise; Tomori, Toshiki; Carr, Walter; McKeague, Anne; Teranishi, Kohsuke; Prusaczyk, Keith; McCarron, Richard] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Trauma & Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McCarron, Richard] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Trauma & Resuscitat Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM francoise.arnaud@med.navy.mil; tomorit@nmrc.navy.mil; walter.carr@med.navy.mil; mckeaguea@nmrc.navy.mil; kohsuke.teranishi@med.navy.mil; keith.prusaczyk@med.navy.mil; richard.mccarron@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1708 EP 1713 DI 10.1007/s10439-008-9543-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 347FC UT WOS:000259125000011 PM 18712606 ER PT J AU Hsia, RY Shen, Y AF Hsia, R. Y. Shen, Y. TI Trauma Centers: What Are the Risk Factors for Closure? SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 24-28, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 MA 7 BP S43 EP S43 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.072 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 354PQ UT WOS:000259651900008 ER PT J AU Sauter, B Dabulis, S Juliano, M AF Sauter, B. Dabulis, S. Juliano, M. TI Fetal Outcomes in First Trimester Symptomatic Pregnancies Presenting to an Emergency Department With Indeterminate Ultrasound SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 24-28, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 [Sauter, B.; Dabulis, S.; Juliano, M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 MA 58 BP S60 EP S60 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.124 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 354PQ UT WOS:000259651900059 ER PT J AU Sloan, EP Weir, W Filbin, NB Koenigsberg, MD AF Sloan, E. P. Weir, W. Filbin, N. B. Koenigsberg, M. D. TI Shock Index Does Not Differ Following the Infusion of DCLHb in Two Clinical Trials of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock, Such That Its Clinical Use as a Measure of Compensated Shock is Valid SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 24-28, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, DCLHb Traumat Hemorrhag Shock Study Grp & Europea, Chicago, IL USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 MA 216 BP S109 EP S109 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.234 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 354PQ UT WOS:000259651900216 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA Danish, DC Reardon, JM Chisholm, CB Matteucci, MJ Riffenburgh, RH AF Tanen, David A. Danish, D. Christopher Reardon, Jacqueline M. Chisholm, Christopher B. Matteucci, Michael J. Riffenburgh, Robert H. TI Comparison of oral aspirin versus topical applied methyl salicylate for platelet inhibition SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE aspirin; methyl salicylate; platelets; thromboxane ID TRANSDERMAL MODIFICATION; CYCLOOXYGENASE AB BACKGROUND: Oral acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is the primary antiplatelet therapy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome. Methyl salicylate (MS; oil of wintergreen) is compounded into many over-the-counter antiinflammatory muscle preparations and has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation locally and to be absorbed systemically. OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of topically applied MS to inhibit systemic platelet aggregation for patients who are unable to tolerate oral drug therapy. METHODS: A randomized, prospective, blinded, crossover study was conducted in 9 healthy men, aged 30-46 years. All subjects ingested 162 mg of aspirin or applied 5 g of 30% MS preparation to their anterior thighs. There was a minimum 2-week washout period between study arms. Blood and urine were collected at baseline and at 6 hours. An aggregometer measured platelet aggregation over time against 5 standard concentrations of epinephrine, and a mean area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Urinary metabolites of thromboxane B-2 were measured by a standard enzyme immunoassay. Differences in and between groups at baseline and 6 hours were tested by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Baseline platelet aggregation did not differ significantly between the 2 arms of the study (median AUC [% aggregation*min]; binominal confidence intervals): aspirin 183; 139 to 292 versus MS 197; 118 to 445 (p = 0.51). Both aspirin and MS produced statistically significant platelet inhibition; aspirin decreased the AUC from 183; 139 to 292 to 85; 48 to 128 (p = 0.008) and MS decreased the AUC from 197; 118 to 445 to 112; 88 to 306 (p = 0.011). No significant difference was detected between baseline and 6-hour thromboxane levels for either aspirin (p = 0.779) or MS (p = 0.327). CONCLUSIONS: Topical MS and oral aspirin both significantly decrease platelet aggregation in healthy human volunteers. C1 [Tanen, David A.; Danish, D. Christopher; Reardon, Jacqueline M.; Chisholm, Christopher B.; Matteucci, Michael J.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Riffenburgh, Robert H.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM david.tanen@med.navy.mil FU Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington [S-05-017] FX The Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigations Program sponsored this report #S-05-017 as required by NSHBETHINST 6000.41B. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1396 EP 1401 DI 10.1345/aph.1L128 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 353DI UT WOS:000259545900004 PM 18698012 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Meola, J Stocker, AD Beaven, SG Schaum, AP AF Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph Stocker, Alan D. Beaven, Scott G. Schaum, Alan P. TI Airborne hyperspectral detection of small changes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHMS; IMAGERY; DESIGN; AREAS AB Hyperspectral change detection offers a promising approach to detect objects and features of remotely sensed areas that are too difficult to find in single images, such as slight changes in land cover and the insertion, deletion, or movement of small objects, by exploiting subtle differences in the imagery over time. Methods for performing such change detection, however, must effectively maintain invariance to typically larger image-to-image changes in illumination and environmental conditions, as well as misregistration and viewing differences between image observations, while remaining sensitive to small differences in scene content. Previous research has established predictive algorithms to overcome such natural changes between images, and these approaches have recently been extended to deal with space-varying changes. The challenges to effective change detection, however, are often exacerbated in an airborne imaging geometry because of the limitations in control over flight conditions and geometry, and some of the recent change detection algorithms have not been demonstrated in an airborne setting. We describe the airborne implementation and relative performance of such methods. We specifically attempt to characterize the effects of spatial misregistration on change detection performance, the efficacy of class-conditional predictors in an airborne setting, and extensions to the change detection approach, including physically motivated shadow transition classifiers and matched change filtering based on in-scene atmospheric normalization. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Eismann, Michael T.; Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stocker, Alan D.; Beaven, Scott G.] Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Schaum, Alan P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP F27 EP F45 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000F27 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200004 PM 18830283 ER PT J AU Goodman, JA Lee, ZP Ustin, SL AF Goodman, James A. Lee, ZhongPing Ustin, Susan L. TI Influence of atmospheric and sea-surface corrections on retrieval of bottom depth and reflectance using a semi-analytical model: a case study in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; CORAL-REEFS; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; SHALLOW WATERS; REMOTE; BATHYMETRY; ENVIRONMENTS; CLASSIFICATION; RADIANCE; BAHAMAS AB Hyperspectral instruments provide the spectral detail necessary for extracting multiple layers of information from inherently complex coastal environments. We evaluate the performance of a semi-analytical optimization model for deriving bathymetry, benthic reflectance, and water optical properties using hyperspectral AVIRIS imagery of Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, We examine the relative impacts on model performance using two different atmospheric correction algorithms and two different methods for reducing the effects of sunglint. We also examine the impact of varying view and illumination geometry, changing the default bottom reflectance, and using a kernel processing scheme to normalize water properties over small areas. Results indicate robust model performance for most model formulations, with the most significant impact on model output being generated by differences in the atmospheric and deglint algorithms used for preprocessing. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Goodman, James A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Bernard M Gordon Ctr Subsurface Sensing & Imaging, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Lee, ZhongPing] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Goodman, JA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Bernard M Gordon Ctr Subsurface Sensing & Imaging, POB 9048, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jgoodman@uprm.edu FU NASA Headquarters [NGT5-ESS/01-0000-0208]; Gordon-CenSSIS; National Science Foundation [EEC-9986821]; University of California Pacific Rim Research Program; California Space Institute Graduate Student Fellowship Program; Canon National Park Science Scholars Program; NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under Earth System Science Fellowship Grant NGT5-ESS/01-0000-0208. It was also supported by Gordon-CenSSIS, the Bernard M. Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, under the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation (Award Number EEC-9986821). Additional assistance was provided by the Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, the University of California Pacific Rim Research Program, the California Space Institute Graduate Student Fellowship Program, the Canon National Park Science Scholars Program, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Appreciation is also extended to M. Montes and C. Davis at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory for the Tafkaa model, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the SHOALS bathymetry data, D. Riano for processing of the SHOALS data, the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology for their support, and P. Sjordal for his untiring assistance in the field. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP F1 EP F11 DI 10.1364/AO.47.0000F1 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200002 PM 18830280 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Kerekes, J Schaum, AP Leathers, RA AF Eismann, Michael T. Kerekes, John Schaum, Alan P. Leathers, Robert A. TI Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging: introduction to the feature issue SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This Applied Optics feature issue on multispectral and hyperspectral imaging focuses on the leading research across various disciplines in this field of research. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kerekes, John] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Schaum, Alan P.; Leathers, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP MHI1 EP MHI1 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00MHI1 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200001 ER PT J AU Trainor, SC Horner, DH Segal, DR AF Trainor, Stephen C. Horner, Donald H., Jr. Segal, David R. TI The enigmatic history of sociology at the United States Naval Academy SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE behavioral science; curriculum; education; leadership; Naval Academy; socialization AB Since its inception in 1845, the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, has often faced the challenge of balancing technical and professional training demands of the naval service against the social and cultural conditions of an increasingly complex world. Despite the institution's attempts to address the multiple demands of the social and military contexts, the study of behavioral science in general, and sociology in particular, has been until recently largely absent. In response to challenges and deficiencies associated with its educational program, the Naval Academy has undertaken a path of reform to balance professional training with the need to educate graduates as competent and effective leaders. This article addresses some of the institutional, organizational, and curricular changes at the Naval Academy, with a focus on the inclusion and development of courses in human behavior and sociology as a means to study this process of leadership education. C1 [Trainor, Stephen C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Res Mil Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Trainor, SC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trainor@usna.edu; horner@usna.edu; Dsegal@socy.umd.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 106 EP 121 DI 10.1177/0095327X08323247 PG 16 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 349EY UT WOS:000259265300007 ER PT J AU Landi, E AF Landi, Enrico TI The off-disk thermal structure of a polar coronal hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS; SOLAR CORONA; SUMER; TEMPERATURE; CHIANTI; SOHO; SPECTRUM; DENSITY AB The thermal structure of the coronal portion of coronal holes is a key factor in the modeling of the source regions and acceleration mechanisms of the fast solar wind. Studies aimed at this region are best carried out on observations outside the disk, where the chromosphere and transition region are not included in the line of sight. In the past, many off-disk studies measured the line-of-sight temperature using line intensity ratios, a method that cannot provide information on the distribution of material with temperature; a few off-disk DEM determinations are also available, which are limited to a few heights only. No EM loci study has been carried out to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we use SOHO SUMER deep-exposure spectra of a polar coronal hole observed in 1996 to carry out a systematic investigation of the thermal structure of the emitting plasma as a function of distance from the limb, making use of the EM loci technique. Instrument-scattered light limits our investigation to distances in the 1.03-1.17 R-circle dot range, where we find that the plasma is close to isothermal along the line of sight, with temperature slowly increasing with distance from the limb. C1 USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA; [NNG06EA14I]; [NNH06CD24C] FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support from the NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C and other NASA grants. This work benefited from extensive discussions, comments and suggestions from Uri Feldman, as well as from valuable comments from the referee. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 1270 EP 1276 DI 10.1086/591225 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300048 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Feldman, U Brown, CM AF Warren, Harry P. Feldman, Uri Brown, Charles M. TI Solar observations of high-temperature emission with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID ATOMIC DATABASE; SPECTRAL-LINES; CORONAL LOOPS; FLARE; RATIOS; EIS; IMPROVEMENTS; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITIES; DENSITY AB We present an analysis of solar coronal emission lines formed above 2.5 MK observed with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode during a small flare. Our main purpose is to evaluate the internal consistency of the atomic data available for the observed emission. We find that the observed emission from high-temperature Ca lines (Ca XIV, XV, XVI, and XVII) is generally consistent with the available atomic data. The observed Fe XVII emission at these wavelengths, in contrast, is more difficult to reconcile with current atomic calculations. The energy levels tabulated in the CHIANTI atomic physics database generally do not correspond to the observed wavelengths. After associating the calculated emissivities with the observed emission by hand, we find that the observed intensities are roughly consistent with what is predicted. However, the intensity of the strongest unblended line, Fe XVII 254.87 angstrom, is not consistent with the intensities of the other Fe XVII lines at these wavelengths. Several of the Ca xv emission lines, which are formed at about 4 MK, form density-sensitive line ratios in the range log n(e) = 9-11 cm(-3). Density measurements at these temperatures are potentially important for understanding the coronal heating mechanism. Our initial analysis suggests that high-temperature active region plasma is underdense relative to the predictions of steady heating models. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Feldman, Uri; Brown, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1086/591075 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300049 ER PT J AU Gundlach, R AF Gundlach, Ronnie TI Refractory pemphigus vulgaris in a military aviator SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autoimmune; aeromedical implications; corticosteroids; mycophenolate; rituximab; azathioprine AB Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, chronic autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes that if untreated can be fatal. Current treatment regimens use high-dose systemic steroids to reduce the production of autoantibodies and adjuvant immunosuppressives to compliment and reduce the need for steroids. The disease itself and the pharmacotherapy that makes up the mainstay of treatment present the potential to cause significant disability in aviation personnel. This case report describes the 8-yr treatment course of a military aviator from initial diagnosis to treatment and the achievement of an asymptomatic state nearing stable remission. The discussion addresses the aeromedical implications of the disease itself, side Effects of commonly used therapeutic medications, and operational implications on military aviators. C1 USN, Operat Support Ctr, NAS JRB, Willow Grove, PA 19090 USA. RP Gundlach, R (reprint author), USN, Operat Support Ctr, NAS JRB, Willow Grove, PA 19090 USA. EM ronnie.gundlach@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 BP 989 EP 992 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2281.2008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 355AG UT WOS:000259680400010 PM 18856191 ER PT J AU Han, DM Foersterling, FH Li, XY Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Cao, H Rallapalli, S Clayton, T Teng, Y Majumder, S Sankar, S Roth, BL Sieghart, W Furtmuller, R Rowlett, JK Weed, MR Cook, JM AF Han, Dongmei Foersterling, F. Holger Li, Xiaoyan Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Damon Cao, Hui Rallapalli, Sundari Clayton, Terry Teng, Yun Majumder, Samarpan Sankar, Subramaniam Roth, Bryan L. Sieghart, Werner Furtmuller, Roman Rowlett, James K. Weed, Michael R. Cook, James M. TI A study of the structure-activity relationship of GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor bivalent ligands by conformational analysis with low temperature NMR and X-ray analysis SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conformation; Benzodiazepines; NMR; GABA ID AROMATIC-AROMATIC-INTERACTION; BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTORS; OPIOID RECEPTORS; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; ELECTRON PAIRS; BENZENE DIMER; HIGH-AFFINITY; ANTAGONIST; SUBTYPES; PHARMACOLOGY AB The stable conformations of GABA(A)- benzodiazepine receptor bivalent ligands were determined by low temperature NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The stable conformations in solution correlated well with those in the solid state. The linear conformation was important for these dimers to access the binding site and exhibit potent in vitro affinity and was illustrated for alpha 5 subtype selective ligands. Bivalent ligands with an oxygen-containing linker folded back upon themselves both in solution and the solid state. Dimers which are folded do not bind to Bz receptors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Dongmei; Foersterling, F. Holger; Li, Xiaoyan; Cao, Hui; Rallapalli, Sundari; Clayton, Terry; Teng, Yun; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Majumder, Samarpan; Roth, Bryan L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sankar, Subramaniam] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sieghart, Werner; Furtmuller, Roman] Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Brain Res, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Rowlett, James K.] Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Weed, Michael R.] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu RI Roth, Bryan/F-3928-2010; Sieghart, Werner/A-4877-2013; OI Sieghart, Werner/0000-0002-0443-0302; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIMH [MH-46851]; Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; NSF [NSF-9512622]; NIDA [DA-11792]; NCRR [RR-00168]; NIDA; ONR FX The authors thank NIMH (MH-46851), the Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, NSF (instrumentation grant NSF-9512622), NIDA (DA-11792) and NCRR (RR-00168) for support of this work. Moreover, the authors acknowledge NIDA and ONR for support of the X-ray crystallography. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 19 BP 8853 EP 8862 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.072 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 353LG UT WOS:000259568500011 PM 18790643 ER PT J AU McCormack, RA Doherty, DA Magann, EF Hutchinson, M Newnham, JP AF McCormack, R. A. Doherty, D. A. Magann, E. F. Hutchinson, M. Newnham, J. P. TI Antepartum bleeding of unknown origin in the second half of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antepartum bleeding of unknown origin; pregnancy outcomes; pregnancy outcomes ID HEMORRHAGE AB Objective The purpose of our investigation was to evaluate factor(s) associated with unexplained antepartum bleeding of unknown origin (ABUO) after 24 weeks of pregnancy and correlate unexplained haemorrhage with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Design This is a retrospective observational study. Setting King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH), Subiaco, Western Australia. Population Singleton pregnancies delivering at KEMH between January 1998 and December 2004. Methods ABUO was defined as bleeding after 20 weeks of gestation but before the onset of labour with no cause detected on vaginal examination or abdominal ultrasound. Outcomes of these pregnancies were collated and compared with those of pregnancies without ABUO. Main outcome measures Antepartum complications assessed included pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. Intrapartum evaluations included labour inductions, mode of delivery and gestational age at delivery. Neonatal outcomes evaluated included birthweight, Apgar scores, newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal complications and risk of perinatal/neonatal death. Results Between January 1998 and December 2004, there were 26 583 deliveries without ABUO and 1431 with ABUO. Multivariable analyses of the ABUO effects revealed that ABUO was a simultaneously significant risk factor for term labour inductions (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.72-2.32, P < 0.001), preterm delivery (OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 3.84-4.84, P < 0.001), NICU admission (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51, P = 0.042), hyperbilirubinaemia (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.63, P = 0.041) and reduced birthweight (26 g, 95% CI: 3-50, P = 0.026). Conclusion Women with ABUO are at greater risk of preterm delivery, term labour induction and their neonates are at greater risk for NICU admissions, hyperbilirubinaemia and a reduced birthweight. C1 [McCormack, R. A.; Doherty, D. A.; Magann, E. F.; Hutchinson, M.; Newnham, J. P.] Univ Western Australia, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM everett.magann@med.navy.mil OI Newnham, John/0000-0001-9983-7457 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1470-0328 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD OCT PY 2008 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01856.x PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 348PZ UT WOS:000259223700017 PM 18715242 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Hammett, M Philbin, N Scultetus, A McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Arnaud, Francoise Hammett, Michael Philbin, Nora Scultetus, Anke McCarron, Richard Freilich, Daniel TI Hematologic effects of recombinant factor VIIa combined with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 for prehospital resuscitation of swine with severe uncontrolled hemorrhage due to liver injury SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE coagulation; hemorrhagic shock; hemostasis; resuscitation; trauma; uncontrolled bleeding ID ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; TRAUMATIC COAGULOPATHY; RFVIIA; PATIENT; SAFETY; MECHANISM; PLATELETS; HBOC-201; EFFICACY; BLOOD AB The combination of traumatic injury, hemorrhage, and fluid resuscitation results in consumption and dilution of coagulation factors, adversely impacting hematology outcome in trauma patients. The hemostatic effects of escalating doses of recombinant factor VIIa added to hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 were assessed as prehospital fluid resuscitation in swine with severe uncontrolled hemorrhage. Swine underwent liver injury causing severe uncontrolled hemorrhage and shock. During a 4-h prehospital phase, either hypotensive or tachycardic, or both, animals were resuscitated with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 without (0x) or with escalating doses of recombinant factor VIIa [90 mu g/kg (1x), 180 mu g/kg (2x), or 360 mu g/kg (4x)]. The animals received one initial full dose of 10 ml/kg at 15 min and up to four doses of 5 ml/kg thereafter. From 4 to 72 h (hospital phase), animals received either transfusions or isotonic saline or both as needed. Hematology profile (complete blood count), thromboelastography, in-vitro bleeding (platelet function analyzer), and coagulation (prothrombin time) were measured and the results were compared using mixed statistical models. In all groups, dilutional coagulopathy was evidenced by reduced hematocrit, platelets, and thromboelastography-maximum amplitude, and increased platelet function analyzer closure time and thromboelastography-reaction time. During the prehospital phase, hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 restored hemoglobin in all groups. Recombinant factor VIIa decreased prothrombin time in recombinant factor VIIa groups compared with the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 group (P<0.01). Unexpectedly, increasing recombinant factor VIIa dosage tended to increase fluid requirement (P>0.05). Compared with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, 1x recombinant factor VIIa tended to decrease blood loss, lactate and thromboelastography-reaction time at 24 h but the 4x group increased these parameters. Platelets and thromboelastography-maximum amplitude decreased (P<0.01) with the 4x group. In swine with severe uncontrolled hemorrhage, prehospital resuscitation with escalating doses of recombinant factor VIIa in combination with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 did not change survival or hemostasis. However, there were trends toward possible benefits of low recombinant factor Vila doses, whereas high recombinant factor VIIa doses adversely affected hemostasis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 19:669-677 (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Arnaud, Francoise; Hammett, Michael; Philbin, Nora; Scultetus, Anke; McCarron, Richard; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scultetus, Anke; McCarron, Richard; Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 2N77 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM francoise.arnaud@MED.NAVY.MIL FU DoD Work [602236N04426.W26.A0241] FX The authors thank Noemy Carballo, Benjamin Esperat, and Daniel Fasipe, for technical assistance; and Gerry McGwin, PhD, for statistical analysis.; F.A. was involved in study design, performed data acquisition, compilation, analysis and interpretation, drafted and revised the manuscript. M.H. performed laboratory assays and collected data. N.P. performed animal study. A.S. contributed to manuscript review. R.M. contributed to manuscript review. R.M. contributed to manuscript review. D.F. conceived and designed the study, and contributed to manuscript review.; This work was performed at Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA and was supported by funding from DoD Work Unit No. 602236N04426.W26.A0241. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. US Government employees as part of their official duties did this word; therefore, it may not be copyrighted and may be copied without restriction.; HBOC-201 and Hextend were provided by Biopure Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois, USA, respectively, rFVIIa was purchased from NovoNordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 19 IS 7 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1097/MBC.0b013e3283089198 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 361WW UT WOS:000260159300010 PM 18832908 ER PT J AU Grubisic, V Doyle, JD Kuettner, J Mobbs, S Smith, RB Whiteman, CD Dirks, R Czyzyk, S Cohn, SA Vosper, S Weissmann, M Haimov, S De Wekker, SFJ Pan, LL Chow, FK AF Grubisic, Vanda Doyle, James D. Kuettner, Joachim Mobbs, Stephen Smith, Ronald B. Whiteman, C. David Dirks, Richard Czyzyk, Stanley Cohn, Stephen A. Vosper, Simon Weissmann, Martin Haimov, Samuel De Wekker, Stephan F. J. Pan, Laura L. Chow, Fotni Katopodes TI THE TERRAIN-INDUCED ROTOR EXPERIMENT A Field Campaign Overview Including Observational Highlights SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; LEE WAVES; MOUNTAIN; AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; LAYER; LIDAR AB The Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) is a coordinated international project, composed of an observational field campaign and a research program, focused on the investigation of atmospheric rotors and closely related phenomena in complex terrain. The T-REX field campaign took place during March and April 2006 in the lee of the southern Sierra Nevada in eastern California. Atmospheric rotors have been traditionally defined as quasi-two-dimensional atmospheric vortices that form parallel to and downwind of a mountain ridge under conditions conducive to the generation of large-amplitude mountain waves. Intermittency, high levels of turbulence, and complex small-scale internal structure characterize rotors, which are known hazards to general aviation. The objective of the T-REX field campaign was to provide an unprecedented comprehensive set of in situ and remotely sensed meteorological observations from the ground to UTLS altitudes for the documentation of the spatiotemporal characteristics and internal structure of a tightly coupled system consisting of an atmospheric rotor, terrain-induced internal gravity waves, and a complex terrain boundary layer. In addition, T-REX had several ancillary objectives including the studies of UTLS chemical distribution in the presence of mountain waves and complex-terrain boundary layer in the absence of waves and rotors. This overview provides a background of the project including the information on its science objectives, experimental design, and observational systems, along with highlights of key observations obtained during the field campaign. (Page 1513) C1 [Grubisic, Vanda] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kuettner, Joachim; Dirks, Richard; Cohn, Stephen A.; Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mobbs, Stephen] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Whiteman, C. David] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Czyzyk, Stanley] Natl Weather Serv, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Vosper, Simon] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Weissmann, Martin] DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Haimov, Samuel] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Chow, Fotni Katopodes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grubisic, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM vanda.grubisic@dri.edu RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008 OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation NR 32 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1513 EP 1533 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2487.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 370BN UT WOS:000260737800018 ER PT J AU Holmes, JP Gates, JD Benavides, LC Hueman, MT Carmichael, MG Patil, R Craig, D Mittendorf, EA Stojadinovic, A Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Holmes, Jarrod P. Gates, Jeremy D. Benavides, Linda C. Hueman, Matthew T. Carmichael, Mark G. Patil, Ritesh Craig, Dianna Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Stojadinovic, Alexander Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Optimal dose and schedule of an HER-2/neu (E75) peptide vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence - From US Military Cancer Institute clinical trials group study I-01 and I-02 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; peptide; vaccine; E75; dosing ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; OVARIAN-CANCER; DENDRITIC CELLS; METASTATIC BREAST; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IN-VIVO; MELANOMA; ADJUVANT; HER2/NEU AB BACKGROUND. E75, a HER-2/neu-derived peptide, was administered as a preventive vaccine with graulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in disease-free lymph node-positive (NP) and lymph node-negative (NN) breast cancer (BCa) patients. The optimal biologic dose (OBD) was determined based on toxicity and immunologic response. METHODS. Patients were vaccinated over 6 months (3, 4, or 6 times) with different doses of E75 plus GM-CSF. Toxicities were graded per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria. GM-CSF vas reduced for significant toxicity Immunologic response was measured by delayed type hypersensitivity test (DTH), and E75-specific CD8(+) T-cells were quantified with human leukocyte antigen-A2:immunoglobulin G diner and flow cytometry. RESULTS. Ninety-nine patients (48 NP and 51 NN) were vaccinated in 7 dose groups. The OBD was 1000 mu g E75 plus 250 mu g GM-CSF monthly x 6. The optimal dose group (ODG, n = 29) experienced similar toxicities to the suboptimal dose group (SDG, n = 70), which was comprised of the remaining 6 groups. The ODG demonstrated a trend toward an increase in the average postvaccine dimer (0.87 +/- 0.10% vs 0.67 +/- 0.05%; P =.07), a significantly larger DTH response (21.5 +/- 2.5 mm vs 11.3 +/- 1.3 mm; P =.0002), and a trend toward decreased recurrences (3.4% vs 12.9%; P =.27). Compared with the SDG, the ODG had larger tumors (percentage >= T2: 55% vs 23%; P =.004), more positive nodes (percentage NP: 76% vs 37%; P =.001), and higher grade tumors (percentage grade 3: 52% vs 30%; P =.07), but a shorter median follow-up time (20 months vs 32 months; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS. Compared with suboptimally dosed patients, the optimally dosed E75 vaccine in disease-free BCa patients had similar toxicity but enhanced HER-2/neu-specific immunity that may lead to decreased recurrences with additional follow-up. C1 [Gates, Jeremy D.; Benavides, Linda C.; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hueman, Matthew T.; Carmichael, Mark G.; Stojadinovic, Alexander; Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, US Mil Canc Inst, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Carmichael, Mark G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol & Med Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Patil, Ritesh; Craig, Dianna] Windber Med Ctr, Joyce Murtha Breast Care Ctr, Windber, PA USA. [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@amedd.army.mil FU United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. FX Supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 7 BP 1666 EP 1675 DI 10.1002/cncr.23772 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 354TK UT WOS:000259661700024 PM 18726994 ER PT J AU Nollens, HH Ruiz, C Walsh, MT Gulland, FMD Bossart, G Jensen, ED McBain, JF Wellehan, JFX AF Nollens, Hendrik H. Ruiz, Carolina Walsh, Michael T. Gulland, Frances M. D. Bossart, Gregory Jensen, Eric D. McBain, James F. Wellehan, James F. X. TI Cross-reactivity between immunoglobulin G antibodies of whales and dolphins correlates with evolutionary distance SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; MARINE MAMMALS; PROTEIN-A; CETACEANS AB Growing morphological and molecular evidence indicates that the porpoises, dolphins, and whales evolved within the even-toed ungulates, formerly known as Artiodactyla. These animals are now grouped in the Cetartiodactyla. We evaluated the antigenic similarity of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules of 15 cetacean species and the domestic cow. The similarity was scored using three distinct antibodies raised against bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) IgG in a Western blot, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a competitive ELISA format. A score was generated for the genetic distance between each species and T. truncatus using the cytochrome b sequence. Each antibody displayed a distinct pattern of reactivity with the IgG antibodies of the various species. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the gamma heavy chain of T. truncatus was reactive with all monodontids, delphinids, and phocoenids. The light-chain-specific MAb reacted with IgG of delphinoid and phocoenid species and one of the two mysticete species tested. The polyclonal antibody was broadly cross-reactive across all cetaceans and the domestic cow. Using the MAb specific for the gamma heavy chain, the degree of IgG cross-reactivity ranged from less than 17% for the mysticetes to 106% for killer whale Orcinus orca. The IgG in beaked whale and baleen whale sera was significantly less cross-reactive with bottlenose dolphin IgG than sera from other toothed whales. A strong negative correlation was demonstrated between antigenic cross-reactivity of IgG molecules and the genetic distance of their hosts. The data generated will be useful for the development of clinical serodiagnostics in diverse cetacean species. C1 [Nollens, Hendrik H.; Ruiz, Carolina; Walsh, Michael T.; Wellehan, James F. X.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Mammal Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik H.; Ruiz, Carolina; Walsh, Michael T.; Wellehan, James F. X.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Bossart, Gregory] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McBain, James F.] SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Nollens, HH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Mammal Hlth Program, POB 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM NollensH@vetmed.ufl.edu RI Wellehan, James/B-2021-2008; OI Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA05NMF4391182] FX All sample collection protocols were approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC E046). The collection of some of the sera was supported by Prescott grant NA05NMF4391182 from the National Marine Fisheries Service to G. B. All samples were collected, analyzed, and archived in accordance with the NOAA Fisheries Permits to the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (no. 932-1489-01, 1054-1731, and 932-1489-00).; We thank the support staff of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, SeaWorld Adventure Parks, The Marine Mammal Center, and the U. S. Navy Marine Mammal Program for technical support of this study. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1128/CVI.00219-08 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 357BQ UT WOS:000259821700009 PM 18768672 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Ogawa, T Oran, ES AF Gamezo, Vadim N. Ogawa, Takanobu Oran, Elaine S. TI Flame acceleration and DDT in channels with obstacles: Effect of obstacle spacing SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Combustion; Detonation; DDT ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AIR MIXTURES; HOT-SPOTS; DEFLAGRATION; EXPLOSIONS; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; METHANE AB We study flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in obstructed channels using 2D reactive Navier-Stokes numerical simulations. The energy release rate for the stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture is modeled by one-step Arrhenius kinetics. Computations performed for channels with symmetrical and staggered obstacle configurations show two main effects of obstacle spacing S. First, more obstacles per unit length create more perturbations that increase the flame surface area more quickly, and therefore the flame speed grows faster. Second, DDT Occurs more easily when the obstacle spacing is large enough for Mach stems to form between obstacles. These two effects are responsible for three different regimes of flame acceleration and DDT observed in Simulations: (1) Detonation is ignited when a Mach stem formed by the diffracting shock reflecting from the side wall collides with an obstacle, (2) Mach stems do not form, and the detonation is not ignited, and (3) Mach stems do not form, but the leading shock becomes strong enough to ignite a detonation by direct collision with the top of an obstacle. Regime 3 is observed for small S and involves multiple isolated detonations that appear between obstacles and play a key role in final stages of flame and shock acceleration. For Regime I and staggered obstacle configurations, we observe resonance phenomena that significantly reduce the DDT time when S/2 is comparable to the channel width. Effects of imposed symmetry and stochasticity on DDT phenomena are also considered. (c) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gamezo, Vadim N.; Oran, Elaine S.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ogawa, Takanobu] Seikei Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gamezo@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO); NASA ATP program; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) through the Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in cooperation with Shumizu Corporation and Berkeley Research Associates, Inc., by the NASA ATP program, and by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) through the Office of Naval Research. Computing facilities were provided by the DOD HPCMP program. NR 35 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 302 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.004 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 364VB UT WOS:000260362400021 ER PT J AU Giles, KE Trosset, MW Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE AF Giles, Kendall E. Trosset, Michael W. Marchette, David J. Priebe, Carey E. TI Iterative denoising SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE knowledge discovery; text mining; classification; clustering ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; ALGORITHM; EIGENMAPS; GRAPHS AB One problem in many fields is knowledge discovery in heterogeneous, high-dimensional data. As an example, in text mining an analyst often wishes to identify meaningful, implicit, and previously unknown information in an unstructured corpus. Lack of metadata and the complexities of document space make this task difficult. We describe Iterative Denoising, a methodology for knowledge discovery in large heterogeneous datasets that allows a user to visualize and to discover potentially meaningful relationships and structures. In addition, we demonstrate the features of this methodology in the analysis of a heterogeneous Science News corpus. C1 [Giles, Kendall E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Stat Sci & Operat Res, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Trosset, Michael W.] Indiana Univ, Dept Stat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Marchette, David J.] USN, Dahlgren Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Priebe, Carey E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Giles, KE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Stat Sci & Operat Res, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM kendallgiles@gmail.com RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0943-4062 EI 1613-9658 J9 COMPUTATION STAT JI Comput. Stat. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 497 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s00180-007-0090-8 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 357QK UT WOS:000259861000001 ER PT J AU Huffmire, T Sherwood, T Kastner, R Levin, T AF Huffmire, Ted Sherwood, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Levin, Timothy TI Enforcing memory policy specifications in reconfigurable hardware SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Reconfigurable hardware; Protection mechanisms; Security and privacy protection; Access controls; Covert channels ID COMPUTING MACHINES; SYSTEMS AB While general-purpose processor based systems are built to enforce memory protection to prevent the unintended sharing of data between processes, current systems built around reconfigurable hardware typically offer no such protection. Several reconfigurable cores are often integrated onto a single chip where they share external resources such as memory. While this enables small form factor and low cost designs, it opens up the opportunity for modules to intercept or even interfere with the operation of one another. We investigate the design and synthesis of an FPGA memory protection mechanism capable of enforcing access control policies and a methodology for translating formal policy descriptions into FPGA enforcement mechanisms. The efficiency of our access language design flow is evaluated in terms of area and cycle time across a variety of security scenarios. We also describe a technique for ensuring that the internal state of the reference monitor cannot be used as a covert storage channel. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; sherwood@cs.ucsb.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; televin@nps.edu NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5-6 BP 197 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2008.05.002 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 372JN UT WOS:000260898000008 ER PT J AU de Leon, CP Walsh, FC Patrissi, CJ Medeiros, MG Bessette, RR Reeve, RW Lakeman, JB Rose, A Browning, D AF de Leon, C. Ponce Walsh, F. C. Patrissi, C. J. Medeiros, M. G. Bessette, R. R. Reeve, R. W. Lakeman, J. B. Rose, A. Browning, D. TI A direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cell using a Pd/Ir alloy coated microfibrous carbon cathode SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Au; Borohydride; 3-Dimensional carbon; FM01-LC; Fuel cell; H2O2; Microfibrous; Pd/Ir ID ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; GOLD ELECTRODES; PLATINUM AB A direct borohydride fuel cell with a Pd/Ir catalysed microfibrous carbon cathode and a gold-catalysed microporous carbon cloth anode is reported. The fuel and oxidant were NaBH4 and H2O2, at concentrations within the range of 0.1-2.0 mol dm(-3) and 0.05-0.45 mol dm(-3), respectively. Different combinations of these reactants were examined at 10, 25 and 42 degrees C. At constant current density between 0 and 113 mA cm(-2), the Pd/Ir coated microfibrous carbon electrode proved more active for the reduction of peroxide ion than a platinised-carbon one. The maximum power density achieved was 78 mW cm(-2) at a current density of 71 mA cm(-2) and a cell voltage of 1.09 V. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Leon, C. Ponce; Walsh, F. C.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Patrissi, C. J.; Medeiros, M. G.; Bessette, R. R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Reeve, R. W.; Lakeman, J. B.; Rose, A.; Browning, D.] Dept Phys Sci, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. RP de Leon, CP (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Highfield Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM capla@soton.ac.uk FU US Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Michele Anderson and Dr. Richard Carlin from the US Office of Naval Research for funding this work as well as colleagues at NUWC. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1610 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.006 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 363OA UT WOS:000260275400051 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JM Hossain, MJ Gurley, E Carroll, DS Croisier, A Bertherat, E Asgari, N Formenty, P Keeler, N Comer, J Bell, MR Akram, K Molla, AR Zaman, K Islam, MR Wagoner, K Mills, JN Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Breiman, RF AF Montgomery, Joel M. Hossain, Mohamed J. Gurley, E. Carroll, D. S. Croisier, A. Bertherat, E. Asgari, N. Formenty, P. Keeler, N. Comer, J. Bell, M. R. Akram, K. Molla, A. R. Zaman, K. Islam, Mohamed R. Wagoner, K. Mills, J. N. Rollin, P. E. Ksiazek, T. G. Breiman, R. F. TI Risk factors for Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ABATTOIR WORKERS; FLYING-FOXES; HENDRA VIRUS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SINGAPORE; OUTBREAK; PARAMYXOVIRUS AB Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans. During January 2004, twelve patients with NiV encephalitis (NiVE) were identified in west-central Bangladesh. A case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with NiV infection. NiVE patients from the outbreak were enrolled in a matched case-control study. Exact odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a matched analysis. Climbing trees (83% of cases vs. 51% of controls, OR 8.2, 95% Cl 1.25-infinity) and contact with another NiVE patient (67% of cases vs. 9% of controls, OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.78-966.1) were associated with infection. We did not identify an increased risk for NiV infection among persons who had contact with a potential intermediate host. Although we cannot rule out person-to-person transmission, case-patients were likely infected from contact with fruit bats or their secretions. C1 [Montgomery, Joel M.; Carroll, D. S.; Keeler, N.; Comer, J.; Bell, M. R.; Wagoner, K.; Mills, J. N.; Rollin, P. E.; Ksiazek, T. G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hossain, Mohamed J.; Gurley, E.; Breiman, R. F.] Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Croisier, A.; Bertherat, E.; Asgari, N.; Formenty, P.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Akram, K.; Zaman, K.] WHO, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Molla, A. R.; Islam, Mohamed R.] Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Montgomery, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM jmontgomery@cdc.gov RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Department of Health and Human Services; US Public Health Service FX We thank the staff of the Bangladesh Ministry of Health, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research; the World Health Organization (WHO) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the WHO Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, Geneva; and M. Niezgoda and I. Kuzmin for their collaborative support. We also acknowledge the contributions of those who conducted the Nipah virus antibody assays, including J.L. Betts, D.L. Cannon, K.A. Slaughter, T.L. Stevens, and P.C. Stockton. Many thanks to S. Luby, J. Woodward, J. Robertson, and K. Montgomery for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Finally, we respectfully acknowledge the many Nipah virus-infected patients, their families, and the healthcare providers who cared for them in Bangladesh.; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, provided financial support for this research.; Dr Montgomery is an infectious disease epidemiologist, who completed his training with the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service in 2004. His main research interests are infectious diseases of public health importance, especially those of zoonotic origin. He is currently detailed from CDC to the US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment in Lima, Peru, and is director of their Emerging Infectious Diseases Program and Outbreak Investigation Response Team. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1526 EP 1532 DI 10.3201/eid1410.060507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900003 PM 18826814 ER PT J AU Clemens, R Pressman, P AF Clemens, Roger Pressman, Peter TI Fishing for Better Health SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clemens, Roger] ETHorn, La Mirada, CA USA. [Pressman, Peter] USN, LCDR, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Clemens, R (reprint author), ETHorn, La Mirada, CA USA. EM rclemens@ethorn.com; drpressman@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 62 IS 10 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364YZ UT WOS:000260373300009 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, Marianne TI Connection, vol 1, Muslim Lelene SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 [Bosshard, Marianne] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 361VS UT WOS:000260156100056 ER PT J AU Thorsos, EI Richardson, MD Lynch, JF AF Thorsos, Eric I. Richardson, Michael D. Lynch, James F. TI Special Issue on Sediment Acoustic Processes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thorsos, Eric I.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Richardson, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lynch, James F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thorsos, EI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM eit@apl.washington.edu; mike.richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; jlynch@whoi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2011783 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400001 ER PT J AU Nosal, EM Tao, CH Baffi, S Fu, SS Richardson, MD Wilkens, RH AF Nosal, Eva-Marie Tao, Chunhui Baffi, Stefano Fu, Shunsheng S. Richardson, Michael D. Wilkens, Roy H. TI Compressional Wave Speed Dispersion and Attenuation in Carbonate Sediments, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, HI SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Attenuation measurement; carbonate sediment; geoacoustic; seafloor; sound-speed measurement ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND SPEED; BIOT THEORY; SATURATED SAND; POROUS-MEDIA; PROPAGATION; APPLICABILITY; VELOCITIES; SAX99 AB In situ compressional wave speed and attenuation measurements between 20 and 100 kHz were made at two carbonate sediment sites in Kaneohe Bay, on the windward side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Velocities increased with frequency from 1691 to 1708 m/s at a coarse sediment site (HC, porosity=0.45) and from 1579 to 1585 m/s at a fine-grained sediment site (HF, porosity = 0.56). Effective attenuation increased with frequency from 15 to 75 dB/m at HC and from 22 to 62 dB/m at HF. Values of sound speed at these sites are within the range of those reported in the literature for silicate sands of the same porosity. Attenuation values of these reef-derived carbonate sands are higher than many of those reported in the literature for silicate sands and they appear to be linearly related to frequency (alpha = 0.65 f). Sound-speed and attenuation data were compared to predictions of two sediment geoacoustic models, Biot-Stoll and grain shearing (GS). In both models, two unknown parameters were varied to find best fits at each site to: 1) both attenuation and sound-speed data and 2) sound-speed data only. Both models yielded similar fits, which differ significantly from the measured data. C1 [Nosal, Eva-Marie] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tao, Chunhui] Second Inst Oceanog SOA China, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Baffi, Stefano] Horizon Energy Partners BV, NL-2595 BR The Hague, Netherlands. [Fu, Shunsheng S.] Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Solid & Hazardous Waste Branch, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Richardson, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wilkens, Roy H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Nosal, EM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nosal@hawaii.edu; taochunhuimail@163.com; stefano.baffi@horizon-ep.com; ssfu39@yahoo.com; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; rwilkens@hawaii.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics and Coastal Geosciences Programs; Naval Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation of China [NSFC49906004]; State Oceanic Administration of China [2000502]; Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China [2002AA615130] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics and Coastal Geosciences Programs, the Naval Research Laboratory, the National Science Foundation of China under Grant NSFC49906004, the State Oceanic Administration of China under Grant 2000502, and the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2002AA615130. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.920212 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400003 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BT Bernecky, WR Nickila, JD Adal, B Carter, GC AF Bosworth, Barry T. Bernecky, W. Robert Nickila, James D. Adal, Berhane Carter, G. Clifford TI Estimating Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TIME-DELAY ESTIMATION; AMBIENT NOISE; ALGORITHM; TRANSFORM; OCEAN AB In many scientific studies involving evaluation of competing ocean engineering systems or the fundamental limits of system performance it is necessary to compare signal power with noise power; in particular, one needs to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is important in the performance of detection and passive localization, where the bearing to an acoustic source is one parameter to be determined given acoustic signal waveforms received at two hydrophones. We provide a brief explanation of methods to estimate SNR. A discussion is included on the difficulty of this task both in theory and in practice. Simulation results are provided explicitly illustrating the difficulty in obtaining accurate estimates even under ideal conditions. This work has applicability to a wide variety of technical problems including the evaluation of the performance of passive localization techniques of interest to the ocean engineering community. C1 [Bosworth, Barry T.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sci Technol & Adv Syst Div Sensors, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bosworth, BT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sci Technol & Adv Syst Div Sensors, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM bosworthbt@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2001780 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400008 ER PT J AU Clark, CA Smith, KB AF Clark, Cathy Ann Smith, Kevin B. TI An Efficient Normal Mode Solution to Wave Propagation Prediction SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Acoustics; diffraction; normal modes; underwater sound propagation; wave equation ID BOTTOM AB In this paper, an overview of a normal mode method of solving the Helmholtz wave equation to describe the underwater sound field for a fixed-point source in a plane multilayered medium is presented. The mode functions are well-defined at all depths of the medium as they are continuous across turning points of the separated depth-dependent differential equation. Comparisons of model results to a limited number of measured data sets and benchmark propagation codes are presented. C1 [Clark, Cathy Ann] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clark, CA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cathy.clark@navy.mil; kbsmith@nps.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 462 EP 476 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2005344 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400013 ER PT J AU Flatte, SM Colosi, JA AF Flatte, Stanley M. Colosi, John A. TI Anisotropy of the Wavefront Distortion for Acoustic Pulse Propagation Through Ocean Sound-Speed Fluctuations: A Ray Perspective SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Acoustic scattering; internal waves; rays ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERNAL WAVES; RANDOM-MEDIA; RANGE; TIME; STABILITY; CHANNELS AB Observations of broadband sound propagation through the deep ocean, rich in sound-speed inhomogeneities, show that the double accordion acoustic wavefront pattern expected from model predictions without inhomogeneities is remarkably stable. This stability is found for propagation ranges tip to 5000 km for acoustic frequencies of 28-84 Hz, and up to 1200-km range for 250 Hz. While the observed wavefront pattern Is stable, the acoustic intensity along the wavefront is not. Furthermore, significant vertical extension of turning point caustics has been observed. This line of evidence suggests that the scattering is anisotropic in the sense that it is primarily along the wavefront, rather than across it. In addition, ray and parabolic equation simulations of acoustic propagation through ocean internal waves obeying the Garrett-Munk (GM) internal wave spectrum reinforce this notion of the anisotropy of the wavefront distortion. This paper presents a ray-based physical model for this phenomenon based oil small angle forward scattering and provides analytic formulas to predict the wavefront distortions caused by ocean Internal waves and other ocean processes. Further applications include out-of vertical-plane scattering and wavefront healing near seamounts or islands. C1 [Flatte, Stanley M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Colosi, John A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Flatte, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jacolosi@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2006341 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400014 ER PT J AU Cochenour, BM Mullen, LJ Laux, AE AF Cochenour, Brandon M. Mullen, Linda J. Laux, Alan E. TI Characterization of the Beam-Spread Function for Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Underwater optical communications ID SMALL-ANGLE-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING AB Optical links are currently being considered for high-bandwidth underwater communications at short ranges (< 100 m). To predict the performance or these links, a firm understanding of flow the inherent optical properties of water affect the encoded optical signal is needed. Of particular interest is the impact of scattering due to particulates. Typically. the link loss is computed using the beam attenuation coefficient, which describes the attenuation of nonscattered light due to absorption and scattering. This approach is insufficient, as it neglects the contribution of scattered light to the total received signal. Given the dynamic nature of underwater platforms, as well as the dynamic nature of the environment itself, knowledge of the angular dependence of forward-scattered light is imperative for determining pointing and tracking requirements as well as overall signal to noise. In this work, the theory necessary to describe spatial spreading, of an optical beam in the presence of scattering agents underwater is reviewed. This theory is then applied to a performance prediction model that is validated via laboratory experiments. Finally, the model is used to study the impact of spatial spreading on an underwater optical link. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon M.; Mullen, Linda J.; Laux, Alan E.] USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Patuxent River Naval Air Stn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, BM (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Patuxent River Naval Air Stn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil; linda.mullen@navy.mil; alan.laux@navy.mil NR 24 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2005341 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400017 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Singh, SN Thivierge, DP Annaswamy, AM Leinhos, HA Fredette, AR Beal, DN AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Singh, Sahjendra N. Thivierge, Daniel P. Annaswamy, Anuradha M. Leinhos, Henry A. Fredette, Albert R. Beal, David N. TI Synchronization of Animal-Inspired Multiple High-Lift Fins in an Underwater Vehicle Using Olivo-Cerebellar Dynamics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Biorobotic autonomous undersea vehicle (BAUV); feedback linearization; inferior olives (IOs); olivo-cerebellar control; phase synchronization ID CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; CONTROL SURFACES; INFERIOR OLIVE; INSECT FLIGHT; MODEL; HYDRODYNAMICS; OSCILLATIONS; FISH AB The development of neuroscience-based control methodologies and their integration with the high-lift unsteady hydrodynamics of control surfaces inspired by swimming and flying animals are the subjects of this paper. A biology-inspired rigid autonomous undersea vehicle called the biorobotic autonomous undersea vehicle (BAUV) has been developed at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Newport, RI. The BAUV is equipped with six simultaneously rolling and pitching fins for generating large unsteady control forces for performing agile maneuvers. First, as an exploratory example, we introduce the van der Pol oscillator as an oscillatory controller for the BAUV and we describe experiments performed to examine the fin forces (thrust and lift) and electric power requirement, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the oscillator's limit cycle property for disturbance rejection effectiveness. We then describe a BAUV control system that includes six inferior-olive (IO) neuron models for control of the pitch and roll motion of the six foils. These IO neurons exhibit limit cycle oscillation (LCO). For control of the BAUV, these IO neurons must oscillate in synchronism with specific relative phases. We present here four feedback linearizing control systems of varying complexity for control of the relative phases of the IO neurons. It is shown that each of the IO control systems accomplishes asymptotic regulation of the phases and thus enables the foils to produce the required control forces. The first controller has a global synchronization property, but the remaining controllers accomplish local synchronization. We present simulation results for tracking piecewise, time-varying phase angle commands as well as experimental results for control of the BAUV by IO neurons. The results show that with appropriate phasing of the fins, an optimal graceful gait of the BAUV is achieved where no untoward force or moment is present. An analog hardware version of the local controller with a cluster of six IO neurons has also been built, which allows five of the signals to rapidly synchronize to the reference, with or without prescribed phase shift, much like in the simulations. The designed controllers can be used in any platform or multivariate BAUV-like system requiring fast, accurate phase control. Laboratory test results for the phase synchronization of two servomotors (roll and pitch) using the designed analog hardware controller are also shown. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Thivierge, Daniel P.; Leinhos, Henry A.; Fredette, Albert R.; Beal, David N.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Singh, Sahjendra N.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Annaswamy, Anuradha M.] MIT, Act Adapt Control Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Annaswamy, Anuradha M.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM promode.bandyopadhya@navy.mil; sahaj@ee.unlv.edu; daniel.thivierge@navy.mil; aanna@mit.edu; henry.leinhos@navy.mil; albert.fredette@navy.mil; david.beal@navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Cognitive and Neurosciences Program of the U.S. Office of Naval Research, program officer Dr. T. McKenna. The research was carried out at the Naval Undersea warfare Center, Newport, RI. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 563 EP 578 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2005356 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 407OY UT WOS:000263375400021 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Kelly, JP Lopez-Martinez, C AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Kelly, John P. Lopez-Martinez, Carlos TI Evaluation and Bias Removal of Multilook Effect on Entropy/Alpha/Anisotropy in Polarimetric SAR Decomposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE Monte Carlo simulation; multilooking; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR); polarimetric target decomposition ID TARGET SCATTERING DECOMPOSITION; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; RADAR POLARIMETRY; SPECKLE; PARAMETERS; IMAGERY; THEOREMS; MODEL AB Entropy, alpha, and anisotropy (H/alpha/A) of the polarimetric target decomposition have been an effective and popular tool for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image analysis and for a geophysical parameter estimation. However, multilook processing can severely affect the values of these parameters. In this paper, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate and remove the bias generated by the multilook effect on these parameters for various media composed of grassland, forest, and urban returns. Due to insufficient averaging, entropy, is underestimated, and anisotropy is overestimated. We also found that the bias in the alpha angle can be either underestimated or overestimated depending on scattering mechanisms. Based on simulation results, efficient bias removal procedures have been developed. In particular, the entropy bias can be precisely corrected, and the amount of correction is independent of the radar frequency and SAR systems. Data from L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite/phased array type L-band SAR, German Aerospace Research Center (DLR)/enhanced SAR, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/airborne SAR, and X-band polarimetric and interferometric SAR are used for demonstration in this paper. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Kelly, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli, Taiwan. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Act Remote Sensing Grp, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com RI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/J-7446-2012 OI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/0000-0002-1366-9446 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3039 EP 3052 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.922033 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 359PJ UT WOS:000260000300029 ER PT J AU Allen, RJ Curry, RD Oliver, BV AF Allen, Raymond J. Curry, Randy D. Oliver, Bryan V. TI Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allen, Raymond J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Curry, Randy D.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Oliver, Bryan V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2495 EP 2496 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2006517 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378ZJ UT WOS:000261363400001 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Hinshelwood, DD Allen, RJ AF Ottinger, Paul F. Schumer, Joseph W. Hinshelwood, David D. Allen, Raymond J. TI Generalized Model for Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Flow SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electron emission; electron pressure; flow impedance; fluid model; magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL); power flow ID ELECTRON FLOW AB A generalized fluid model is developed for electron flow in a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). By including electron pressure in the fluid model and allowing nonzero values of the electric field at the cathode, the model can treat both emission and retrapping of flow electrons. For the first time, a direct derivation of the space-charge correction term in the flow equations is also obtained by identifying a new condition at the boundary of the electron layer. Also, a free parameter in the model is chosen so that previously derived MITL flow equations are recovered when the electric field at the cathode is taken to zero; consequently, recent equilibrium MITL rescaling results still apply. Generalized MITL flow equations are derived from the model and solutions presented. These new equations form the basis for a description of the dynamic MITL flow. C1 [Ottinger, Paul F.; Schumer, Joseph W.; Hinshelwood, David D.; Allen, Raymond J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ottinger@nrl.navy.mil; schumer@nrl.navy.mil; hinshelwood@nrl.navy.mil; allen@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL-85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories under Contract DE-AC04-94AL-85000. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2708 EP 2721 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2004221 PN 3 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378ZJ UT WOS:000261363400033 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, RE Black, WZ AF Snodgrass, Robert E. Black, W. Z. TI Design of safety devices to mitigate explosions in underground vaults and manholes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE arcing faults; gas explosions; mitigating explosions; safety devices; transmission and distribution safety; underground manholes; underground vaults ID MECHANICAL ANALYSIS AB Results from a computer program are used to compare several alternative safety devices that can mitigate the effects of explosions in underground structures. After eliminating several candidate designs that are impractical or uneconomical, attention is focused on a flexible tether that can be attached to the manhole cover so that the cover does not become a dangerous projectile. An appropriate tether design is recommended which can restrain the cover when an explosion occurs in the structure. Types of explosions considered include an ignition of a combustible gas, an arcing fault, and the combination of an arcing fault followed by a gas explosion. Flexible tethers, such as traditional seat belt webbings, are shown to be superior to steel cables or chains. The tether material, length, and the amount of slack are shown to be critical factors in the design of an effective tether system. The effect of holes in the manhole cover that can vent the high-pressure gases inside the vault are shown to have a desirable effect on the size and geometry of the tether. An examination of the output is used to recommend characteristics of a tether system that will successfully mitigate the effects of an explosion, regardless of the source. C1 [Snodgrass, Robert E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Naval Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Black, W. Z.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Snodgrass, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Naval Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM robert.snodgrass@navy.mil; william.black@me.gatech.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 2262 EP 2269 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.919045 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353NF UT WOS:000259574000069 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Dower, W Gerlach, K AF Blunt, S. D. Dower, W. Gerlach, K. TI Hybrid interference suppression for multistatic radar SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE AB The accurate estimation of a monostatic radar range pro. le is considered when in the presence of multistatic radar interference for which the illuminating waveforms are assumed known. In an effort to approach the ideal interference-free performance, the range-domain 'beamforming' properties of the recently developed multistatic adaptive pulse compression ( MAPC) algorithm is herein combined with the well-known CLEAN algorithm which operates on an interference-subtraction basis. Two versions of this hybridised methodology are presented and compared. To ascertain relative sensitivity, both the mean-squared error and the probability of detection are examined as a function of SNR when in the presence of multistatic interference. It is demonstrated that the respective merits of MAPC and CLEAN can be used to offset the limitations of the other and thereby combine to provide significant additional sensitivity improvement. C1 [Blunt, S. D.; Dower, W.] Univ Kansas, ITTC Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, ITTC Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn:20070183 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 343TY UT WOS:000258879300001 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Hui, S Zivi, E Zak, SH AF Lee, Yonggon Hui, Stefen Zivi, Edwin Zak, Stanislaw H. TI Variable neural adaptive robust controllers for uncertain systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; robust control; radial basis functions; neural control; Lyapunov's stability; uniform ultimate boundedness ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; FUZZY CONTROLLERS; NETWORKS; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHM AB A class of variable neural adaptive robust controllers is proposed. Essential components of the proposed controllers are raised-cosine radial basis Function (RCRBF) neural networks that can vary their structures dynamically by adding or removing RBFs online. The compact Support of the RCRBFs alleviate the problem of determining the parameters of the RBFs and can. together with a simple adding and removing algorithm. significantly reduce the computational effort in the training process of the network. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is analyzed using the Lypaunov type of arguments. It is guaranteed that the tracking, error of the closed-loop systems driven by the proposed controller is uniformly ultimately bounded. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Lee, Yonggon; Zivi, Edwin] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hui, Stefen] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ylee@usna.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-6327 EI 1099-1115 J9 INT J ADAPT CONTROL JI Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 721 EP 738 DI 10.1002/acs.1015 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 367YF UT WOS:000260587800001 ER PT J AU Santillan, ST Plaut, RH Witelski, TP Virgin, LN AF Santillan, S. T. Plaut, R. H. Witelski, T. P. Virgin, L. N. TI Large oscillations of beams and columns including self-weight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE large vibrations; self-weight; elastica ID NONLINEAR VIBRATION ANALYSIS; INITIAL AXIAL DISPLACEMENT; NON-LINEAR VIBRATIONS; BUCKLED BEAMS; CLAMPED BEAM; CURVED BEAM; DYNAMICS; DEFLECTION; CANTILEVER; RESONANCE AB Large-amplitude, in-plane beam vibration is investigated using numerical simulations and a perturbation analysis applied to the dynamic elastica model. The governing non-linear boundary value problem is described in terms of the arclength, and the beam is treated as inextensible. The self-weight of the beam is included in the equations. First, a Finite difference numerical method is introduced. The system is discretized along the arclength, and second-order-accurate finite difference formulas are used to generate time series of large-amplitude motion of an upright cantilever. Secondly, a perturbation method (the method of multiple scales) is applied to obtain approximate solutions. An analytical backbone curve is generated, and the results are compared with those in the literature for various boundary conditions where the self-weight of the beam is neglected. The method is also used to characterize large-amplitude first-mode vibration of a cantilever with non-zero self-weight. The perturbation and finite difference results are compared for these cases and are seen to agree for a large range of vibration amplitudes. Finally, large-amplitude motion of a postbuckled, clamped-clamped beam is simulated for varying degrees of buckling and self-weight using the Finite difference method, and backbone curves are obtained. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Virgin, L. N.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Witelski, T. P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Ind & Appl Math, Oxford OX1 3LB, England. [Plaut, R. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Santillan, S. T.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Virgin, LN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM l.virgin@duke.edu RI Witelski, Thomas/G-5389-2016 OI Witelski, Thomas/0000-0003-0789-9859 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 8 BP 761 EP 771 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2008.04.007 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 352HG UT WOS:000259486100008 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Kim, CS Kim, M Caldwell, J Holm, RT Vurgaftman, I Kim, J Eddy, CR Meyer, JR AF Mastro, Michael A. Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Caldwell, Josh Holm, Ron T. Vurgaftman, Igor Kim, Jihyun Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Meyer, Jerry R. TI Zinc Sulphide Overlayer Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal for Enhanced Extraction of Light from a Micro Cavity Light-Emitting Diode SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystal; GaN; micro cavity light-emitting diode ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; MICROCAVITIES; EMISSION; IMPACT; POWER AB A two-dimensional (2D) ZnS photonic crystal was deposited on the surface of a one-dimensional (1 D) III-nitride micro cavity light-emitting diode (LED), to intermix the light extraction features of both structures (ID+2D). The deposition of an ideal micro-cavity optical thickness of approximate to lambda/2 is impractical for Ill-nitride LEDs, and in realistic multi-mode devices a large fraction of the light is lost to internal refraction as guided light. Therefore, a 2D photonic crystal on the surface of the LED was used to diffract and thus redirect this guided light out of the semiconductor over several hundred microns. Additionally, the employment of a post-epitaxy ZnS 2D photonic crystal avoided the typical etching into the GaN:Mg contact layer, a procedure which can cause damage to the near surface. [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.47.7827] C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Caldwell, Josh; Holm, Ron T.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; FU Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research-Global [N00014-07-1-4035]; BK21 program FX Research at the Naval Research Lab is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research-Global (N00014-07-1-4035). Research at Korea University was supported by BK21 program. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 BP 7827 EP 7830 DI 10.1143/JJAP.47.7827 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 365XV UT WOS:000260443900014 ER PT J AU Robandt, PP Reda, LJ Klette, KL AF Robandt, Paul P. Reda, Louis J. Klette, Kevin L. TI Complete Automation of Solid-Phase Extraction with Subsequent Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Benzoylecgonine, m-Hydroxybenzoylecgonine, p-Hydroxybenzoylecgonine, and Norbenzoylecgonine in Urine-Application to a High-Throughput Urine Analysis Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECGONINE METHYL-ESTER; RAPID CONFIRMATION/QUANTITATION; DIRECT-INJECTION; COCAINE; METABOLITES; EXCRETION; SYSTEM C1 [Robandt, Paul P.; Klette, Kevin L.] USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Reda, Louis J.] Fed Bur Invest Lab, Chem Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 34425 Farenholt Ave,Suite 40, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kevin.klette@med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 SI SI BP 577 EP 585 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 360SO UT WOS:000260078200007 PM 19007506 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Svizhenko, A AF Ancona, M. G. Svizhenko, A. TI Density-gradient theory of tunneling: Physics and verification in one dimension SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; SEMICONDUCTOR; SIMULATION; FORMULA; STATE AB The application of an engineering-oriented continuum description of electron transport known as density-gradient theory to quantum mechanical tunneling is investigated, and its legitimacy, physical fidelity, and limitations are assessed using detailed comparisons with nonequilibrium Green's function simulations in one dimension. These comparisons demonstrate that despite the apparent contradiction, quantum tunneling can often be well represented by the classical field theory with the electron inertia term of Newton's second law playing a significant role. Moreover, the density-gradient approach is found to be quite accurate with the main source of error not being the description of the tunneling itself, but rather the representation of the carriers at high density inside the electrodes. A physical understanding of the ad hoc tunneling boundary conditions used in previous work is also provided. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2990065] C1 [Ancona, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Svizhenko, A.] Silvaco Data Syst Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The first author thanks Dr. Chagaan Baatar of the Office of Naval Research for his encouragement and funding support of this work. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 073726 DI 10.1063/1.2990065 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500088 ER PT J AU Kar, A Alexson, D Dutta, M Stroscio, MA AF Kar, Ayan Alexson, Dimitri Dutta, Mitra Stroscio, Michael. A. TI Evidence of compositional inhomogeneity in In(x)Ga(1-x)N alloys using ultraviolet and visible Raman spectroscopy. SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHASE-SEPARATION; INGAN; LIGHT; BLUE AB In this paper we report a study of phase separation in bulk In(x)Ga(1-x)N films grown by metal organic chemical-vapor deposition using mid-UV Raman spectroscopy. Evidence of phase separation is observed by the occurrence of low frequency shoulders identified as minority phase in the A(1)(LO) Raman mode. A phase transition in the alloy from the metastable to unstable region was found to be occurring at an indium concentration of about 25%. Raman spectroscopic results also indicate that the compositional inhomogenity in our samples increase, as would be expected, with depth in the film. A direct correspondence is also found between the percentage of indium concentration in the film and the amount of compositional inhomogenity. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kar, Ayan; Dutta, Mitra; Stroscio, Michael. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Alexson, Dimitri] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Dutta, Mitra; Stroscio, Michael. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Stroscio, Michael. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM dutta@ece.uic.edu NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 073502 DI 10.1063/1.2986140 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500027 ER PT J AU Shim, W Kim, D Lee, KI Jeon, KJ Ham, J Chang, J Han, SH Jeung, WY Johnson, M Lee, W AF Shim, Wooyoung Kim, Dohun Lee, Kyoung-Il Jeon, Kye Jin Ham, Jinhee Chang, Joonyeon Han, Suk-Hee Jeung, Won Young Johnson, Mark Lee, Wooyoung TI Magnetotransport properties of an individual single-crystalline Bi nanowire grown by a stress induced method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ARRAYS AB The magnetotransport properties of an individual crystalline Bi nanowire have been investigated in the range of 2-300 K using four-point measurements. I-V measurements show that the contacts were Ohmic at both 2 and 300 K, corresponding to resistivities of 1.0x10(-4) and 8.2x10(-5) Omega cm, respectively. The transverse magnetoresistance (MR) (2496% at 110 K) and longitudinal MR (-38% at 2 K) for the Bi nanowire were found to be larger than any values reported in the literature, demonstrating that the Bi nanowires grown by a stress induced method are high-quality single crystalline. The observed transverse and longitudinal MR behaviors in the Bi nanowire are consistent with variations in carrier concentrations as well as electronic structures, such as Fermi level and band overlap, based on simple two band model. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shim, Wooyoung; Kim, Dohun; Lee, Kyoung-Il; Jeon, Kye Jin; Ham, Jinhee; Lee, Wooyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Chang, Joonyeon; Han, Suk-Hee; Jeung, Won Young] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, W (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 134 Shinchon, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM wooyoung@yonsei.ac.kr OI Kim, Dohun/0000-0001-9687-2089 FU KOSEF [R152004-024-00000-0]; Korean Government [KRF- 2007- 314- C00107]; Naval Research [N0001408WX20705] FX This work was supported by KOSEF through National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology (R152004-024-00000-0), by a grant from the fundamental R& D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea, and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF- 2007- 314- C00107). MJ gratefully acknowledges the partial support of the Office of Naval Research, grant N0001408WX20705. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 073715 DI 10.1063/1.2980277 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500077 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Copper, CL AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Copper, Christine L. TI A chemistry minute: Recognizing chemistry in our daily lives SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID CURRICULUM; SEMINAR C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Copper, Christine L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1368 EP 1369 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 348WO UT WOS:000259241000019 ER PT J AU Shrivastava, A Muzykov, P Caldwell, JD Sudarshan, TS AF Shrivastava, A. Muzykov, P. Caldwell, J. D. Sudarshan, T. S. TI Study of triangular defects and inverted pyramids in 4H-SiC 4 degrees off-cut (0001) Si face epilayers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Characterization; Defects; Etching; Chemical vapor deposition processes; Hot wall epitaxy; Semiconducting materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; INCLUSIONS; FAULTS AB Growth of high-quality epilayers on low off-cut angle wafers is essential for the development of high-performance devices based on hexagonal SiC. Device killing defects such as triangular and inverted pyramid-type defects formed during homoepitaxial growth on the 4H-SiC Si face, 4 degrees off-cut towards [11 (2) over bar0] direction, have been investigated in this work. The goal of this research was to minimize or eliminate these defects. Growth parameters responsible for triangular defect formation were identified and optimized for its reduction. It was found that although growth at high temperatures reduces the density of triangular defects and inverted pyramid-type defects, it is not the only remedy for reducing their density; cleanliness of the susceptor along with the initial growth condition plays a major role in the formation of these defects. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shrivastava, A.; Muzykov, P.; Sudarshan, T. S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Caldwell, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shrivastava, A (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM shrivast@engr.sc.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 20 BP 4443 EP 4450 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.07.102 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 369JR UT WOS:000260691000008 ER PT J AU Callan, JE Kostic, MA Bachrach, EA Rieg, TS AF Callan, James E. Kostic, Mark A. Bachrach, Ethan A. Rieg, Thomas S. TI PROCHLORPERAZINE VS. PROMETHAZINE FOR HEADACHE TREATMENT IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE headache; migraine; treatment; prochlorperazine; promethazine ID ACUTE MIGRAINE HEADACHE; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; INTRACTABLE MIGRAINE; PAIN SEVERITY; EFFICACY; METOCLOPRAMIDE; KETOROLAC; DIHYDROERGOTAMINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; TOLERABILITY AB Headache is a very common medical complaint. Four to six percent of the population will have a debilitating headache in their lifetime; and 1-2% of all Emergency Department (ED) visits involve patients with headaches. Although promethazine is used frequently, it has never been studied as a single-agent treatment in undifferentiated headache. We hypothesized that promethazine would be superior to prochlorperazine in the treatment of headache. We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial on patients presenting to our ED between May and August 2005 with a chief complaint of headache. Each subject was randomized to receive either intravenous promethazine 25 mg or prochlorperazine 10 mg, and graded the intensity of their headache on serial 100-mm visual analog scales (VAS). Patients with dystonic reactions or akathesia were treated with diphenhydramine. Adequate pain relief was defined as an absolute decrease in VAS score of 25 mm. After discharge from the ED, patients were queried regarding the recurrence of headache symptoms, the need for additional pain medications, and the occurrence of any side effects since discharge. Thirty-five patients were enrolled in each group. Both drugs were shown to be effective in treatment of headaches. Prochlorperazine provided a faster rate of pain resolution and less drowsiness when compared to promethazine. Both medications were individually effective as abortive therapy for headache. Prochlorperazine was superior to promethazine in the rate of headache reduction and rate of home drowsiness, with similar rates of akathesia, nausea resolution, patient satisfaction, and headache recurrence within 5 days of discharge. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Callan, James E.] Naval Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Okinawa, Japan. [Kostic, Mark A.; Bachrach, Ethan A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Callan, JE (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Okinawa, Japan. EM Jcallan1@aol.com NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.09.047 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 358VM UT WOS:000259945600003 PM 18534808 ER PT J AU Blanscet, ML Tordik, PA Goodell, GG AF Blanscet, Michael L. Tordik, Patricia A. Goodell, Gary G. TI An agar diffusion comparison of the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide at five different concentrations with three different vehicles SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE agar diffusion; antibacterial agents; calcium hydroxide; concentration; intracanal medicaments; weight percent ID INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS; IN-VITRO; CHLORHEXIDINE; DENTIN AB The purpose of this study was to determine if varying the percent (by weight) of aqueous calcium hydroxide or using different vehicles had an effect on its antibacterial efficacy against common endodontic pathogens in a pour plate/traditional streak agar diffusion model. Mixtures of calcium hydroxide powder and sterile saline in 40, 50 and 60 percent concentrations and the commercial preparations UltraCal XS and Vitapex were tested against six known endodontic pathogens with an agar diffusion method. Each medicament was placed in one of five wells, in each of 10 agar plates (n = 10), for cultures of each bacterial species. Zones of inhibition were measured after 48 hours incubation for aerobes and 96 hours incubation for anaerobes. Multiple one-way analyses of variance and post-hoc Student Neuman Keuls evaluated the data at a = 0.05. Larger zones of inhibition were consistently observed for higher concentrations of calcium hydroxide with statistical significance among the bacteria, particularly between 40% and 60%. Vitapex had significantly smaller zones of inhibition than all other medicaments and 35% Ultracal XS with methylcellulose was nearly as effective as 50% Ca(OH)(2) in inhibitory activity. Formulations containing 50-60% Ca(OH)2 or 35% Ca(OH)2 with aqueous methylcellulose are recommended as endodontic interappointment medicaments. C1 [Blanscet, Michael L.; Tordik, Patricia A.; Goodell, Gary G.] USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@aol.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1246 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.012 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 357FD UT WOS:000259830800022 PM 18793931 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EP Kim, J Shin, AY AF Hofmeister, Eric P. Kim, Janeth Shin, Alexander Y. TI Comparison of 2 Methods of Immobilization of Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Study SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE Boxer's; cast; hand fracture; fifth metacarpal; upper extremity ID RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; FINGER AB Purpose The objective of this study was to prospectively compare the effectiveness of 2 methods of cast immobilization for fifth metacarpal neck fractures with respect to the time required for cast application, durability and tolerability of the cast, efficacy of maintaining reduction, and postimmobilization range of motion. Methods After closed reduction, 81 predominately young, active-duty patients were prospectively randomized to a short-arm cast with volar outriggers (SAC-VOR) or to a short-arm cast extended to the proximal interphalangeal joint with a 3-point mold (MCP-ext). Radiographs were obtained before reduction and after reduction at 1 and 4 weeks. Outcome measures (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire), cast durability, radiographic parameters, and complications were evaluated at each visit. Final range of motion and grip strengths were obtained at the 3-month follow-up. Results The average time for cast application was less for the MCP-ext group compared with that of the SAC-VOR group. An equal number of casts in each group (7) required replacement during treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in range of motion or final grip strength between the 2 techniques. Radiographic callus was seen in all patients at 4 weeks, and there was no difference in the 4-week postreduction angulation in the lateral or posteroanterior planes. In comparing the maintenance of the reduction, there was no difference in alignment in either the posteroanterior or lateral planes based on cast type. Conclusions There was no difference between the 2 groups on maintaining the reduction on final lateral radiographs. Stiffness was not a complication of either group. Advantages of the MCP-ext cast include quicker application and, to a much lesser degree, better tolerability, range of motion, and final grip strength. (J Hand Surg 2008;33A:1362-1368. Copyright (C) 2008 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.) C1 [Shin, Alexander Y.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped, E14A,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33A IS 8 BP 1362 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.010 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 360HR UT WOS:000260049100016 PM 18929202 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Michopoulos, JG Jones, HN Boyer, CN AF Lambrakos, Samuel G. Michopoulos, John G. Jones, Harry N. Boyer, Craig N. TI Inverse analysis of heat conduction in hollow cylinders with asymmetric source distributions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE advanced characterization; modeling processes; nondestructive testing ID TOTAL VARIATION REGULARIZATION; DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS AB This paper presents an application of inverse analysis for determining both the temperature field histories and corresponding heat source distributions in hollow cylinders. The primary goal, however, is the development of an inversion infrastructure in a manner that allows taking advantage of all aspects related to its utility, including sensitivity analysis. The conditions generating heat sources are those resulting from intense pulsed-current electrical contact experiments. Under these conditions intense heat currents are generated due to the Joule conversion of the electric conduction currents. Asymmetry of the heat source is induced from the localized melting due to arc-enhanced electric conduction. Experimentally acquired temperature histories and melting domain boundary data are utilized to setup an inverse model of the heat conduction problem. This permits the construction of an estimate not only of the temperature field histories throughout the computational domain but also of an evaluation of the effective thermal diffusivity of the material involved. C1 [Lambrakos, Samuel G.; Michopoulos, John G.; Jones, Harry N.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] Titan Corp, Reston, VA USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sam.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU National Science Foundation [EIA-0205663, CNS-0540419]; NRL's 6.1 FX The authors acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation under grants EIA-0205663 and CNS-0540419. The Office of Naval Research is also greatly acknowledged for its support. Partial support from NRL's 6.1 core funding is also greatly acknowledged. We would also like to thank Mr. Scott Lord and Prof. Andrew Smith of the U. S. Naval Academy, as well as Dr. R. Meger and Mr. Ryan Hoffman of NRL's Plasma Physics Division for their support. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 651 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9197-x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 347LG UT WOS:000259142500005 ER PT J AU Drusina, N Mahapatra, R Abdul-Latif, A Baleh, R Wilhelm, C Stoyanov, P Es-Said, OS AF Drusina, N. Mahapatra, R. Abdul-Latif, A. Baleh, R. Wilhelm, C. Stoyanov, P. Es-Said, O. S. TI Microstructure analysis of aluminum alloy and copper alloy circular shells after multiaxial plastic buckling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE ACTP; aluminum and copper alloys; cylindrical shells; quasi-static and dynamic plastic buckling ID IMPACT ENERGY ABSORBERS; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; AXIAL IMPACT; COLLAPSE AB Aluminum and copper cylindrical shells were plastically buckled under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions with an Absorption Compression-Torsion Plasticity (ACTP: Patent No. WO 2005090822) combined mechanical testing device. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to study the microscopic evolutions in the mechanically buckled aluminum and copper alloy samples. Optical microscopy showed evidence of the presence of second-phase particles in both the aluminum and copper alloys samples. Under dynamic loading aluminum samples showed more energy absorption as compared to copper samples. Material flow lines were more pronounced in the copper samples when observed by optical microscopy. The evidence that supports the increased energy absorption in the aluminum cylindrical shells can be supported by the TEM analysis more than the optical microscopy analysis. The TEM results showed highly oriented textured morphology with the presence of few dislocation cells structures and sub-structures. C1 [Drusina, N.; Wilhelm, C.; Stoyanov, P.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Mahapatra, R.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Abdul-Latif, A.; Baleh, R.] Univ Paris 08, Lab Mecan Mat & Modelisat L3M, IUT Trembaly, Paris, France. RP Drusina, N (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s11665-008-9216-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 347LG UT WOS:000259142500020 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Slaff, R Bartlett, S Greene, T AF Kwon, Y. W. Slaff, R. Bartlett, S. Greene, T. TI Enhancement of composite scarf joint interface strength through carbon nanotube reinforcement SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stretching the Endurance Boundary of Composite Materials - Pushing the Performance Limit of Composite Structures CY SEP 23-28, 2007 CL Isl Madeira, PORTUGAL SP EPSRC, NSF AB It was investigated whether there was a potentially significant improvement to scarf joint bonding that was achieved through the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) along the interface of the composite joint. The study examined various factors that might affect CNT-reinforced joint interface strength. Each composite joint consisted of a vinyl-ester matrix base (DERAKANE 510-A) interlaced with a carbon fiber weave (TORAY T700CF). During the curing process, the research explored several variables concerning the CNT application. The testing included single-walled CNTs (SWCNT), and conventional and bamboo-structure multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) with varying length, purity, and concentration levels along the surface area of the joint interface. This wide array of data demonstrated the effect of CNTs introduction at the joint interface, and provided the ideal type, size, purity level, and concentration level for composite scarf joint bond reinforcement using CNTs. Furthermore, a computational model was developed to predict the strength of the scarf joints. The predicted model agreed well with the experimental data. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Slaff, R.; Greene, T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bartlett, S.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 10 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6695 EP 6703 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2689-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 367AT UT WOS:000260525600015 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, William M. TI Black Shoe carrier Admiral: Frank Jack Fletcher at Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [McBride, William M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1318 EP 1319 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 354RC UT WOS:000259655700055 ER PT J AU Holtzclaw, D Toscano, N AF Holtzclaw, Dan Toscano, Nicholas TI Speech Pattern Improvement Following Gingivectomy of Excess Palatal Tissue SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Case report; gingiva; gingivectomy; maxilla; palate; speech-language pathology ID CLEFT-PALATE; GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS; CONTACT; CHILDREN; ENLARGEMENT; OVERGROWTH; DISORDERS AB Background: Speech disruption secondary to excessive gingival tissue has received scant attention in periodontal literature. Although a few articles have addressed the causes of this condition, documentation and scientific explanation of treatment outcomes are virtually non-existent. This case report describes speech pattern improvements secondary to periodontal surgery and provides a concise review of linguistic and phonetic literature pertinent to the case. Methods: A 21-year-old white female with a history of gingival abscesses secondary to excessive palatal tissue presented for treatment. Bilateral gingivectomies of palatal tissues were performed with inverse bevel incisions extending distally from teeth #5 and #12 to the maxillary tuberosities, and large wedges of epithelium/connective tissue were excised. Results: Within the first month of the surgery, the patient noted "changes in the manner in which her tongue contacted the roof of her mouth "and "changes in her speech." Further anecdotal investigation revealed the patient's enunciation of sounds such as, "s," "sh," and "k" was greatly improved following the gingivectomy procedure. Conclusions: Palatometric research clearly demonstrates that the tongue has intimate contact with the lateral aspects of the posterior palate during speech. Gingival excess in this and other palatal locations has the potential to alter linguopalatal contact patterns and disrupt normal speech patterns. Surgical correction of this condition via excisional procedures may improve linguopalatal contact patterns which, in turn, may lead to improved patient speech. J Periodontol 2008;79:2006-2009. C1 [Holtzclaw, Dan] USN, Hosp Pensacola, Dept Periodont, Pensacola, FL USA. [Toscano, Nicholas] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Holtzclaw, D (reprint author), USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Naval Air Stn, 450 Turner St, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2006 EP 2009 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.080090 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 361QL UT WOS:000260142100024 PM 18834258 ER PT J AU Stux, AM Laberty-Robert, C Swider-Lyons, KE AF Stux, Arnold M. Laberty-Robert, Christel Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Pechini synthesis and characterization of molybdenum carbide and nickel molybdenum carbide SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pechini process; Molybdenum; Nickel; Carbide; Electrocatalyst; Hydrodesulfurization ID TUNGSTEN CARBIDES; SURFACE-AREA; CARBON; NANOPARTICLES; PRECURSORS AB Carbides, such as eta-Ni6Mo6C, are considered as low-cost substitutes for noble metal catalysts for present applications in hydrodesulfurization and for a possible future sulfur-tolerant fuel cell anode catalyst. Most synthesis methods set the carbon content of the carbides by a carbon-based atmosphere or solid carbon in the synthesis. We show here that beta-Mo2C and eta-Ni6Mo6C can be synthesized using a Pechini process, simply by heating metal acetates mixed with citric acid and ethylene glycol in one step under H-2 With the Only Source of carbon being the precursor solution. The beta-Mo2C forms when heating a Mo-acetate precursor at 850 C. When using Ni- and Mo-acetates, beta-Mo2C forms at 700 C and lower temperatures, while eta-Ni6Mo6C forms during heating at 800-900 C. The eta-Ni6Mo6C has a surface area of 95.5 m(2) g (1) and less than 10 m(2) g (1) when prepared at 800 and 900 C, respectively. Some Ni3C, Ni, and NiC impurities are also present in the nanostructured eta-Ni6Mo6C,C that was prepared at 900 C. The eta-Ni6Mo6C materials made by the Pechini process are compared with those made from a traditional synthesis, using metal organic precursors at 1000 degrees C Under CO/CO2 mixtures with a carbon activity of 0.011. Our results imply that H2 and the Pechini process can be used to achieve carbon activities similar to those obtained by methods using gaseous or solid carbon Sources. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stux, Arnold M.; Laberty-Robert, Christel; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stux, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Arnold.Stux@nrl.navy.mil RI Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011; OI Laberty-Robert, christel/0000-0003-3230-3164 FU Naval Research Laboratory through the Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the financial Support of the Naval Research Laboratory through the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to our colleagues, Dr. Michelle Johannes, for providing the ball-and-stick figure of eta-Ni6Mo6C in Fig. 1 and Drs. Jeffrey Long and Christopher Chervin for assistance with BET measurements. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 181 IS 10 BP 2741 EP 2747 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.06.050 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 365WU UT WOS:000260441000029 ER PT J AU Gorbach, AM Wang, HL Dhanani, NN Gage, FA Pinto, PA Smith, PD Kirk, AD Elster, EA AF Gorbach, Alexander M. Wang, Hengliang Dhanani, Nadeem N. Gage, Fred A. Pinto, Peter A. Smith, Paul D. Kirk, Allan D. Elster, Eric A. TI Assessment of critical renal ischemia with real-time infrared Imaging SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE infrared imaging; kidney vasculature; blood flow regulation; ischemia ID BLOOD-FLOW REGULATION; INTESTINAL VIABILITY; PERFUSION SIGNAL; OSCILLATIONS; BRAIN; REPERFUSION; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; SURGERY; MODEL AB Background. Currently visual and tactile clues such as color, mottling, and tissue turgor are used in the operating room for subjective assessments of organ ischemia. Studies have demonstrated that infrared (IR) imaging is a reliable tool to identify perfusion of brain tumors and kidneys during human surgery. Intraoperative IR imaging has the potential for more objective real-time detection and quantitative assessment of organ viability including early ischemia. We hypothesize, by detecting variations of the IR signal, we can assess the degree to which renal surface temperature reflects underlying renal ischemia. To address this hypothesis, IR imaging-derived temperature fluctuations were evaluated during laparotomy in a porcine model (n = 15). These temperature profiles then underwent spectral (frequency) analysis to assess their relationship to well-described oscillations of the microcirculation. Materials and methods. An IR camera was positioned 30-60 cm above the exposed kidneys. Images (3-5 mu m wavelength) were collected (1.0/s) at baseline, during warm renal ischemia, and during reperfusion. Dominant frequency (DF) of the tissue temperature fluctuations were determined by a Fourier transformation (spectral) analysis. Results. I:R images immediately showed which segments of the kidney were ischemic. DF at similar to 0.008 Hz that corresponds to blood flow oscillations was observed in thermal profiles. The oscillations were diminished or disappeared after 25 min of warm ischemia and were recovered with reperfusion in a time-dependent fashion. Oscillations were attenuated substantially in ischemic segments, but not in perfused segments of the kidney. Conclusions. The described oscillations can be measured noninvasively using IR imaging in the operating room, as represented by the DF, and may be an early marker of critical renal ischemia. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hengliang; Gage, Fred A.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gorbach, Alexander M.; Smith, Paul D.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Bioengn & Phys Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Dhanani, Nadeem N.; Pinto, Peter A.] NCI, Urol Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kirk, Allan D.] NIDDKD, Transplant Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Suite 2W123, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM elstere@nmrc.navy.mil RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU National Institutes of Health and Department of Defense [602227D.0483.01.A0518] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of Mehrdad Alemozaffar, B.S., Neil Kansal, M.D., Doug K. Tadaki, Ph.D. to the implementation and support of this study. The authors would like to thank Henry Eden, M.D., Ph.D., for his invaluable critique and insightful comments during preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the intramural research funds of National Institutes of Health and Department of Defense (work unit number: 602227D.0483.01.A0518, Medical Free Electron Laser program). The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. I am a military service member (or employee of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of my official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 149 IS 2 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.007 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 350DG UT WOS:000259332200020 PM 18468641 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Structure of the nanoscience and nanotechnology applications literature SO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; nanoscience; text mining; electronics; applications; health ID SCIENCE-AND-TECHNOLOGY; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; BIBLIOMETRICS; DISCOVERY; INFORMATION AB The Applications literature associated with nanoscience and nanotechnology research was examined. About 65,000 nanotechnology records for 2005 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) (SCI ( 2006). Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the Thomson Scientific (R), Inc. (Thomson (R)), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) Through visual inspection of the Abstract phrases, all the diverse non-medical Applications were identified, and the relationships among the Applications, both direct and indirect, were obtained. The medical applications were identified through a fuzzy clustering process. Metrics associated with research literatures for specific Applications/ Applications groups were generated. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.; Koytcheff, Raymond G.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Lau, Clifford G. Y.] Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-9912 J9 J TECHNOL TRANSFER JI J. Technol. Transf. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 472 EP 484 DI 10.1007/s10961-007-9042-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 354UE UT WOS:000259663700002 ER PT J AU Forsythe, SE Leinhos, HA Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Forsythe, Stephen E. Leinhos, Henry A. Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. TI Dolphin-inspired combined maneuvering and pinging for short-distance echolocation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VEHICLES; FLIGHT AB The biorobotic emulation of swimming and flying animals carrying out short-distance echolocation while maneuvering is considered. A simple and lightweight sonar for use on a small, maneuverable under-water vehicle for short-distance echolocation is explored. This sonar has four sensors and uses broadband, high-frequency signals to echolocate. The frequency-time characteristics of these signals are compared to those of bats and dolphins. The biosonar is paired with a biologically inspired, maneuverable, underwater vehicle, the combined use of sensors and maneuverability being analogous to animal behavior. Homing experiments have been carried out in an acoustic test facility where identification and localization of multiple targets is based on fusion of acoustic. returns from multiple pings. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Forsythe, Stephen E.; Leinhos, Henry A.; Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Forsythe, SE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM forsythese@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; leinhosha@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; bandyopadhyaypr@npt.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Cognitive and Neuroscience Program of the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 124 IS 4 BP EL255 EP EL261 DI 10.1121/1.2960936 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 363WQ UT WOS:000260298600063 PM 19062795 ER PT J AU Zingarelli, RA AF Zingarelli, R. A. TI A mode-based technique for estimating uncertainty in range-averaged transmission loss results from underwater acoustic calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The equivalence of range and frequency averaging of acoustic propagation model results, based on the similarity of their analytic forms in mode calculations, was shown by Harrison [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1314-1317 (1995)]. Here it is shown how oceanographic measurement errors and receiver bandwidth can be mapped into uncertainty in the number of modes being propagated. This can be mapped into range boundaries for averaging calculations, thereby giving upper and lower confidence boundaries for frequency-averaged transmission loss calculations. Examples of the application of this technique to synthetic data, where the measurement uncertainties are known and deliberately included, are shown. C 2008 Acoustical Society of America C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zingarelli, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7182, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zingarelli@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Battlespace Awareness and Information Operations Program Office [(PMW-120), Navy PEO C4I] FX This work was supported by Battlespace Awareness and Information Operations Program Office (PMW-120), Navy PEO C4I. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 124 IS 4 BP EL218 EP EL222 DI 10.1121/1.2968301 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 363WQ UT WOS:000260298600057 PM 19062789 ER PT J AU Bair, S Casalini, R AF Bair, Scott Casalini, Riccardo TI A scaling parameter and function for the accurate correlation of viscosity with temperature and pressure across eight orders of magnitude of viscosity SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE EHL; elastohydrodynamics; rheology; high pressure; viscosity ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION; RECIPROCATING MOTION; CONTACT PROBLEM; DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE; TRACTION; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Quantitative calculations of film thickness and friction in elastohydrodynamic lubrication will require that the low-shear viscosity, mu, be described with far greater accuracy than it is today. The free volume model has the advantage, over those currently used, of reproducing all of the trends that were known 80 years ago, although not necessarily to experimental accuracy. A scaling parameter, phi proportional to TV(gamma), based on the repulsive intermolecular potential having exponent -3 gamma allows the viscosity to be written as a function of temperature, T, and volume, V, only, as mu=F(phi). The appropriate function for lubricants appears to be a Vogel-like form, mu proportional to exp(B(F)phi(infinity)/(phi-phi(infinity))). Parameters are presented here for seven liquids. When the dynamic crossover is present, two such functions are required. A low molecular weight dimethyl silicone having high compressibility is an exception. C1 [Bair, Scott] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Casalini, Riccardo] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Casalini, Riccardo] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0540834]; Office of Naval Research FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-0540834. The authors wish to thank Arno Laesecke of NIST for pointing out the paper by Ashurst and Hoover. The authors wish to thank Mike Roland of NRL for useful and motivating discussions on the dynamics of supercooled liquids. The work at Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041802 DI 10.1115/1.2959116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 341EI UT WOS:000258696600021 ER PT J AU Womack, KM Volino, RJ Schultz, MP AF Womack, Kristofer M. Volino, Ralph J. Schultz, Michael P. TI Combined effects of wakes and jet pulsing on film cooling SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers (ASME), Int Gas Turbine Inst ID GAS-TURBINE BLADE; HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; BULK FLOW PULSATIONS; UNSTEADY WAKE; LEADING-EDGE; HOLE SHAPE; INJECTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; AIR AB Pulsed film cooling jets subject to periodic wakes were studied experimentally. The wakes were generated with a spoked wheel upstream of a flat plate. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film cooling holes inclined at 35 deg to the surface were considered at blowing ratios B of 0.50 and 1.0 with jet pulsing and wake Strouhal numbers of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60. Wake timing was varied with respect to the pulsing. Temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera, thermocouples, and constant current (cold wire) anemometry. The local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient were determined from the measured temperatures. Phase locked flow temperature fields were determined from cold-wire surveys. With B=0.5, wakes and pulsing both lead to a reduction in film cooling effectiveness, and the reduction is larger when wakes and pulsing are combined. With B=1.0, pulsing again causes a reduction in effectiveness, but wakes tend to counteract this effect somewhat by reducing jet lift-off. At low Strouhal numbers, wake timing had a significant effect on the instantaneous film cooling effectiveness, but wakes in general had very little effect on the time averaged effectiveness. At high Strouhal numbers, the wake effect was stronger, but the wake timing was less important. Wakes increased the heat transfer coefficient strongly and similarly in cases with and without film cooling, regardless of wake timing. Heat transfer coefficient ratios, similar to the time averaged film cooling effectiveness, did not depend strongly on wake timing for the cases considered. C1 [Womack, Kristofer M.; Volino, Ralph J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Womack, KM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041010 DI 10.1115/1.2812335 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 334NW UT WOS:000258229500010 ER PT J AU Womack, KM Volino, RJ Schultz, MP AF Womack, Kristofer M. Volino, Ralph J. Schultz, Michael P. TI Measurements in film cooling flows with periodic wakes SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers (ASME), Int Gas Turbine Inst ID GAS-TURBINE BLADE; HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; UNSTEADY WAKE; HOLE SHAPE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; TURBULENCE; INJECTION; EDGE; AIR AB Film cooling flows subject to periodic wakes were studied experimentally. The wakes were generated with a spoked wheel upstream of a flat plate. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film cooling holes inclined at 35 deg to the surface were considered at blowing ratios of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 with a steady freestream and with wake Strouhal numbers of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60. Temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera, thermocouples, and constant current (cold-wire) anemometry. Hot-wire anemometry was used for velocity measurements. The local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient were determined from the measured temperatures. Phase locked flow temperature fields were determined from cold-wire surveys. Wakes decreased the film cooling effectiveness for blowing ratios of 0.25 and 0.50 when compared to steady freestream cases. In contrast, effectiveness increased with Strouhal number for the 1.0 blowing ratio cases, as the wakes helped mitigate the effects of jet lift-off. Heat transfer coefficients increased with wake passing frequency, with nearly the same percentage increase in cases with and without film cooling. The time resolved flow measurements show the interaction of the wakes with the film cooling jets. Near-wall flow measurements are used to infer the instantaneous film cooling effectiveness as it changes during the wake passing cycle. C1 [Womack, Kristofer M.; Volino, Ralph J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Womack, KM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041008 DI 10.1115/1.2812334 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 334NW UT WOS:000258229500008 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M Motley, SR AF Nichols, J. M. Trickey, S. T. Seaver, M. Motley, S. R. TI Using ROC curves to assess the efficacy of several detectors of damage-induced nonlinearities in a bolted composite structure SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE surrogate data; composite bolted joint; receiver operating characteristic curve; nonlinearity detection; bicoherence; structural health monitoring ID SURROGATE DATA; TIME-SERIES; NDT SYSTEMS; MODE SHAPE; IDENTIFICATION AB We offer a comparison of several different detectors of damage-induced nonlinearities in assessing the connectivity of a composite-to-metal bolted joint. Each detector compares the structure's measured vibrational response to surrogate data, conforming to a general model for the healthy structure. The strength of this approach to detection is that it works in the presence of certain types of varying ambient conditions and is valid for structures excited with any stationary process. Here we employ several such detectors using dynamic strain response data collected near the joint as the structure was driven using simulated wave forcing (taken from the Pierson-Moskowitz frequency distribution for wave height). In an effort to simulate in situ monitoring conditions the experiments were carried out in the presence of strongly varying temperatures. The performance of the detectors was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, a well known method for displaying detection characteristics. The ROC curve is well suited to the problem of vibration-based structural health monitoring applications where quantifying false positive and false negative errors is essential. The results of this work indicate that using the estimated auto-bicoherence of the systems response produced the best overall detection performance when compared to features based on a nonlinear prediction scheme and another based on information theory. For roughly 10% false alarms, the bicoherence detector gives nearly 90% probability of detection (POD). Conversely, for several of the other detectors 5-10% false alarms leads to similar to 70% POD. While the bicoherence (and bispectrum) have been used previously in the context of damage detection, this work represents the first attempt at using them in a surrogate-based detection scheme. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Trickey, S. T.; Seaver, M.; Motley, S. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1610 EP 1622 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2008.01.015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 329KN UT WOS:000257866600007 ER PT J AU Ellis, SB Appenzeller, G Lee, H Mullen, K Swenness, R Pimentel, G Mohareb, E Warner, C AF Ellis, Shannon B. Appenzeller, George Lee, Heechoon Mullen, Keri Swenness, Ricardo Pimentel, Guillermo Mohareb, Emad Warner, Christopher TI Outbreak of SandFly Fever in Central Iraq, September 2007 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENDEMIC INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; US MILITARY; RESISTANCE; DIAGNOSIS; GULF AB An outbreak of nonspecific febrile illnesses Occurred among U.S. Army troops in September 2007 at a remote, newly established, rural-situated patrol base, south of Baghdad, Iraq. Soldiers displayed an acute flu-like syndrome with symptoms of fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia. A total of 14 cases was identified and treated presumptively as query fever. Subsequent convalescent serum specimens confirmed 13 (92.9%) positive for sandfly Sicilian virus and 3 (21.4%) positive for Coxiella burnetii, with two positive for both. One sandfly Sicilian virus case tested positive for Brucella spp. This outbreak emphasizes the potential for multiple simultaneous disease exposures to endemic diseases in nonindigenous military personnel at remote military locations in Iraq. Recommendations include increased theater disease surveillance, medical training, and vector control. C1 [Ellis, Shannon B.; Swenness, Ricardo] Third Infantry Div, Infantry Regiment 30, Battal 1, St Stewart, GA 31314 USA. [Lee, Heechoon] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Pimentel, Guillermo] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Int Emerging Infect Program, Cairo, Egypt. [Mohareb, Emad] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Serol & Field Studies Unit, Cairo, Egypt. RP Ellis, SB (reprint author), Third Infantry Div, Infantry Regiment 30, Battal 1, St Stewart, GA 31314 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 949 EP 953 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000004 PM 19160611 ER PT J AU Lescano, AR Blazes, DL Montano, SM Kochel, T Moran, Z Lescano, AG Martin, GJ AF Lescano, A. Roxana Blazes, David L. Montano, Silvia M. Kochel, Tadeusz Moran, Zoe Lescano, Andres G. Martin, Gregory J. TI Supporting the Creation of New Institutional Review Boards in Developing Countries: The US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Experience SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD) has worked in Peru since 1983, conducting research on diseases of military importance in large part by interacting with multiple research partners across the scientific community of Central America and South America. Over the years, NMRCD has had research collaborations in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Belize, Honduras, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. In addition to the various infectious diseases research collaborations, NMRCD has supported capacity building for research ethics and the creation of new institutional review boards. This article describes the contributions of NMRCD to research ethics training in Central America and South America, with specific emphasis on the support given to the creation of new institutional review boards. C1 [Lescano, A. Roxana; Blazes, David L.; Montano, Silvia M.; Kochel, Tadeusz; Moran, Zoe; Lescano, Andres G.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO, AA 34031 USA. [Martin, Gregory J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lescano, AR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800,Amer Embassy, APO, AA 34031 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007393, D43 TW007393-06] NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 975 EP 977 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000008 PM 19160615 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Headrick, JD AF Enad, Jerome G. Headrick, Jeff D. TI Orthopedic Injuries in US Casualties Treated on a Hospital Ship during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENDURING-FREEDOM; ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY; SURGICAL-TEAM; DESERT SHIELD; MARINE-CORPS; EXPERIENCE; AFGHANISTAN; SYSTEM; ARMY; CARE AB From March to May 2003. the USNS Comfort was deployed to the Persian Gulf in Support of combat operations for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The onboard orthopedic service treated 58 U.S. casualties during that period. Eighty-seven percent of the injuries were to the appendicular skeleton. Twenty-four percent were battle injuries, and 72% were nonbattle injuries. Patients with battle injuries tended to be younger and required more orthopedic operations than did patients with nonbattle injuries. Moreover, all patients with battle injuries were evacuated to higher echelons for further care, whereas 19% of patients with nonbattle injuries returned to duty in the short term. Complications were few, with no infections, amputations, or deaths. A descriptive review of the types of injuries, orthopedic care, and eventual disposition is presented. C1 [Enad, Jerome G.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Headrick, Jeff D.] Ctr Orthopaed Surg, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. FU The Orthopaedic Experience Aboard USNS Comfort; Naval Medical Center (Portsmouth, Virginia) IRB protocol [CIP P04-0023] FX Research data were derived from The Orthopaedic Experience Aboard USNS Comfort during Operation Iraqi Freedom, an approved Naval Medical Center (Portsmouth, Virginia) IRB protocol (CIP P04-0023). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 1008 EP 1013 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000014 PM 19160621 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Meador, CE Anderson, GP Taitt, CR AF Vora, Gary J. Meador, Carolyn E. Anderson, George P. Taitt, Chris Rowe TI Comparison of detection and signal amplification methods for DNA microarrays SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Microarray; Tyramide; Quantum dot; Vibrio; Dendrimer; Nanoparticles; Resonance light scattering ID RESONANCE LIGHT-SCATTERING; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; LABELING METHODS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; QUANTUM DOTS; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SENSITIVITY; TECHNOLOGY AB One of the factors limiting the use of DNA microarray technology for the detection of pathogenic organisms from clinical and environmental matrices has been inadequate assay sensitivity. To assess the effectiveness of post-hybridization secondary detection steps to enhance the sensitivity of DNA microarray-based pathogen detection, we evaluated a panel of 11 commercial and novel hybridization detection and signal amplification methods (direct labeling, indirect aminoallyl labeling, antibody, DNA dendrimers, viral particles, internally fluorescent nanoparticles, tyramide signal amplification, resonance light scattering nanoparticles and quantum dots) using a multiplex PCR and spotted long oligonucleotide microarray for Vibrio cholerae. Quantitative parameters such as sensitivity, signal intensity, background, assay complexity, time and cost were assessed and provide comparative criteria to be considered for DNA microarray experimental design. While the most important parameter is likely to vary based on the assay, when weighted equally, the findings suggest that recognition element- and dye-functionalized viral particles provide the most attractive option for microarray detection and signal amplification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vora, Gary J.; Anderson, George P.; Taitt, Chris Rowe] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meador, Carolyn E.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30 Code 6920, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. FX The authors kindly thank Drs. ZhengWang and Baochuan Lin for their critical evaluation of this manuscript and Stefanie Z. Crowder and Jessie K. W. Hagger for their excellent technical assistance. We also thank Drs. John E. Johnson of The Scripps Research Institute and Amy Szuchmacher Blum and Banahalli R. Ratna of the Naval Research Laboratory for the CPMV particles. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the US Government, US Navy or military service at large. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.07.002 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 420UP UT WOS:000264315000004 PM 18675897 ER PT J AU Mclay, JG AF McLay, Justin G. TI Markov Chain Modeling of Sequences of Lagged NWP Ensemble Probability Forecasts: An Exploration of Model Properties and Decision Support Applications SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOSS RATIO SITUATION; DYNAMIC-MODEL AB It is shown that sequences of lagged ensemble-derived probability forecasts can be treated as being realizations of a discrete, finite-step Markov chain. A reforecast ensemble dataset is used to explore this idea for the case in which the Markov chain has 12 states and 15 steps and the probability forecasts are for the event for which the 500-hPa geopotential height exceeds the climatological value at a specified point. Results suggest that the transition probabilities of the Markov chain are best modeled as first order if they are obtained from the reforecast ensemble dataset using maximum likelihood estimation. Most of the first-order-estimated transition probabilities are statistically significant. Also, the transition probabilities are inhomogeneous, and all states in the chain communicate. A variety of potential decision support applications for the Markov chain parameters are highlighted. In particular, the transition probabilities allow calculation of the conditional probability of taking protective action and calculation of the conditional expected expense when used with static cost-loss decision models. Also, the transition probabilities facilitate optimized decisions when incorporated into dynamic decision models. Decision model test scenarios can be obtained using cluster analysis and conditional most likely sequences, and these scenarios reveal the key patterns traced by the Markov chain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mclay, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM justin.mclay@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research [BE-033-03-4M] FX This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under Program Lement 0601153N, Project Number BE-033-03-4M. The DoD High Performance Computing program at NAVO MSRC and at FNMOC provided the computing resources. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 10 BP 3655 EP 3670 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2376.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 361YO UT WOS:000260164200002 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD AF Jiang, Qingfang Doyle, James D. TI Diurnal Variation of Downslope Winds in Owens Valley during the Sierra Rotor Experiment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE MOUNTAIN WAVES; SURFACE FRICTION; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LEE WAVES; MESOSCALE; BREAKING; MODEL; FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB The impact of diurnal forcing on a downslope wind event that occurred in Owens Valley in California during the Sierra Rotors Project (SRP) in the spring of 2004 has been examined based on observational analysis and diagnosis of numerical simulations. The observations indicate that while the upstream flow was characterized by persistent westerlies at and above the mountaintop level the cross-valley winds in Owens Valley exhibited strong diurnal variation. The numerical simulations using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) capture many of the observed salient features and indicate that the in-valley flow evolved among three states during a diurnal cycle. Before sunrise, moderate downslope winds were confined to the western slope of Owens Valley (shallow penetration state). Surface heating after sunrise weakened the downslope winds and mountain waves and eventually led to the decoupling of the well-mixed valley air from the westerlies aloft around local noon (decoupled state). The westerlies plunged into the valley in the afternoon and propagated across the valley floor (in-valley westerly state). After sunset, the westerlies within the valley retreated toward the western slope, where the downslope winds persisted throughout the night. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Sci, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM qingfang.jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0601153N] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) program element 0601153N. The data were collected in a joint effort by scientists and staff from the Desert Research Institute, National Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Washington, and Naval Research Laboratory. We thank Dr. Vanda Grubisic for providing us the AWS data and Dr. Ron Smith for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. The simulations were made using the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) developed by the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 10 BP 3760 EP 3780 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2469.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 361YO UT WOS:000260164200008 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, T Kucera, P Gentry, M Carey, L Lare, A Lin, RF Demoz, B Starr, DO AF Rickenbach, Thomas Kucera, Paul Gentry, Megan Carey, Larry Lare, Andrew Lin, Ruei-Fong Demoz, Belay Starr, David O'C. TI The Relationship between Anvil Clouds and Convective Cells: A Case Study in South Florida during CRYSTAL-FACE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL VARIABILITY; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; SQUALL LINE; LIFE-CYCLE; TOGA COARE; RAINFALL; TRMM; PRECIPITATION; MISSION; SYSTEM AB One of the important goals of NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) was to further the understanding of the evolution of tropical anvil clouds generated by deep convective systems. An important step toward understanding the radiative properties of convectively generated anvil clouds is to study their life cycle. Observations from ground-based radar, geostationary satellite radiometers, aircraft, and radiosondes during CRYSTAL-FACE provided a comprehensive look at the generation of anvil clouds by convective systems over South Florida during July 2002. This study focused on the relationship between convective rainfall and the evolution of the anvil cloud shield associated with convective systems over South Florida on 23 July 2002, during the CRYSTAL-FACE experiment. Anvil clouds emanating from convective cells grew downwind (to the southwest), reaching their maximum area at all temperature thresholds 1-2 h after the active convective cells collapsed. Radar reflectivity data revealed that precipitation-sized anvil particles extended downwind with the cloud tops. The time lag between maximum rainfall and maximum anvil cloud area increased with system size and rainfall. Observations from airborne radar and analysis of in situ cloud particle size distribution measurements in the anvil region suggested that gravitational size sorting of cloud particles dispersed downshear was a likely mechanism in the evolution of the anvil region. Linear regression analysis suggested a positive trend between this time lag and maximum convective rainfall for this case, as well as between the time lag and maximum system cloud cover. The injection of condensate into the anvil region by large areas of intense cells and dispersal in the upper-level winds was a likely explanation to cause the anvil cloud-top area to grow for 1-2 h after the surface convective rainfall began to weaken. In future work these relationships should be evaluated in differing regimes of shear, stability, or precipitation efficiency, such as over the tropical oceans, in order to generalize the results. The results of this study implied that for these cloud systems, the maximum in latent heating (proportional to rainfall) may precede the peak radiative forcing (related to anvil cloud height and area) by a lead time that was proportional to system size and strength. Mesoscale modeling simulations of convective systems on this day are under way to examine anvil evolution and growth mechanisms. C1 [Rickenbach, Thomas] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Kucera, Paul] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gentry, Megan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carey, Larry] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Lare, Andrew] Keane Fed Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Lin, Ruei-Fong] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Demoz, Belay; Starr, David O'C.] USN, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Rickenbach, T (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, A-227 Brewster Bldg, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM rickenbacht@ecu.edu RI Y, wang/A-8866-2010; Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014; OI Mallard, Megan/0000-0001-6548-8914 FU NASA Radiation Sciences program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NASA Radiation Sciences program. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 10 BP 3917 EP 3932 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2441.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 361YO UT WOS:000260164200016 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Perkins, FK Snow, ES Wei, ZQ Sheehan, PE AF Robinson, Jeremy T. Perkins, F. Keith Snow, Eric S. Wei, Zhongqing Sheehan, Paul E. TI Reduced Graphene Oxide Molecular Sensors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE; CARBON NANOTUBES; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; TRANSPARENT; NANOSHEETS; REDUCTION; NOISE; FILMS AB We demonstrate reduced graphene oxide as the active material for high-performance molecular sensors. Sensors are fabricated from exfoliated graphene oxide platelets that are deposited to form an ultrathin continuous network. These graphene oxide networks are tunably reduced toward graphene by varying the exposure time to a hydrazine hydrate vapor. The conductance change of the networks upon exposure to trace levels of vapor is measured as a function of the chemical reduction. The level of reduction affects both the sensitivity and the level of 1/f noise. The sensors are capable of detecting 10 s exposures to simulants of the three main classes of chemical-warfare agents and an explosive at parts-per-billion concentrations. C1 [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Perkins, F. Keith; Snow, Eric S.; Wei, Zhongqing; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robinson, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.robinson@nrl.navy.mil; snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while J. T. Robinson and Z. Wei held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 21 TC 861 Z9 876 U1 52 U2 502 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3137 EP 3140 DI 10.1021/nl8013007 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 358HD UT WOS:000259906800011 PM 18763832 ER PT J AU Wei, ZQ Barlow, DE Sheehan, PE AF Wei, Zhongqing Barlow, Daniel E. Sheehan, Paul E. TI The Assembly of Single-Layer Graphene Oxide and Graphene Using Molecular Templates SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE; CARBON NANOTUBES; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; SHEETS; NANOPLATELETS; NANOSHEETS; REDUCTION; ROUTE; MODEL; FILMS AB Charged molecular templates were created to direct the placement of single-layer graphite oxide (GO) sheets. The distribution of the GO sheets depended on the surface functionalization, background passivation, pH, and deposition time. Electrostatic attraction guides the templating of the GO sheets and, consequently, templating could be modulated by adjusting the pH of the deposition solution. In contrast to CNT immobilization, we find that the GO sheets do not adhere to the bare Au surface. C1 [Wei, Zhongqing; Barlow, Daniel E.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; NR 47 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 9 U2 116 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3141 EP 3145 DI 10.1021/nl801301a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 358HD UT WOS:000259906800012 PM 18754689 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Snow, ES Wei, ZQ Sheehan, P Houston, BH AF Robinson, Jeremy T. Zalalutdinov, Maxim Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Snow, Eric S. Wei, Zhongqing Sheehan, Paul Houston, Brian H. TI Wafer-scale Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for Nanomechanical Devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE-DIAMOND; RESONATORS; TRANSPARENT; NANOSHEETS AB We report a process to form large-area, few-monolayer graphene oxide films and then recover the outstanding mechanical properties found in graphene to fabricate high Young's modulus (< E > = 185 GPa), low-density nanomechanical resonators. Wafer-scale films as thin as 4 nm are sufficiently robust that they can be delaminated intact and resuspended on a bed of pillars or field of holes. From these films, we demonstrate radio frequency resonators with quality factors (up to 4000) and figures of merit (f x Q > 10(11)) well exceeding those of pure graphene resonators reported to date. These films' ability to withstand high in-plane tension (up to 5 N/m) as well as their high Q-values reveals that film integrity is enhanced by platelet-platelet bonding unavailable in pure graphite. C1 [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.; Snow, Eric S.; Wei, Zhongqing; Sheehan, Paul; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zalalutdinov, Maxim] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Robinson, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.robinson@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank D. Park and K. Bussmann for assistance with resonator fabrication. This research was at least partially performed while J.T.R and Z.W. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. J.T.R. fabricated the Si pillar array at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 231 Z9 238 U1 14 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3441 EP 3445 DI 10.1021/nl8023092 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 358HD UT WOS:000259906800067 PM 18781807 ER PT J AU Wolford, MF Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Burns, PM Hegeler, F Jaynes, R AF Wolford, Matthew F. Myers, Matthew C. Giuliani, John L. Sethian, John D. Burns, Patrick M. Hegeler, Frank Jaynes, Reginald TI Repetition-rate angularly multiplexed krypton fluoride laser system SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser optical system; excimer laser; fusion energy driver; angular multiplex ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; PUMPED KRF LASER; ELECTRON-BEAM; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GAIN MEASUREMENTS; POWER-PLANT; AMPLIFIER; PERFORMANCE; NONUNIFORMITIES AB The first results are reported from a repetitively pulsed, electron-beam-pumped angularly multiplexed krypton fluoride (KrF) laser system. This laser system, called Electra, was constructed at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. The technologies developed on Electra are scalable to a full-size fusion power plant beam line and should meet the inertial fusion energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. As in a full-size fusion power plant beam line, Electra is a multistage laser system that consists of a commercial discharge laser, a 175-keV electron-beam-pumped (40-ns flat-top) preamplifier, and a 500-keV (100-ns flat-top) main amplifier. Angular multiplexing is used in the optical layout to provide pulse length control and to maximize laser extraction from the amplifiers. The laser system initially demonstrated 452 J in a single shot and 1.585 kJ total energy in a one-second, 5-Hz burst. The preamplifier alone produces a 25-J KrF output with two angularly multiplexed beams. Extraction volumes were calculated for both a single-pass and a double-pass angularly multiplexed amplifier. A standard ray trace must be used to calculate the extraction volumes for the double-pass amplifier with focusing elements. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3000593] C1 [Wolford, Matthew F.; Myers, Matthew C.; Giuliani, John L.; Sethian, John D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burns, Patrick M.] Res Sci Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Hegeler, Frank] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Jaynes, Reginald] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration/Defense Programs FX Technical support from J. Dubinger, P. Howard, R. Jones, A. Mangassarian, and W. Webster is appreciated. The authors thank T. Albert and J. Parish for engineering support. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration/Defense Programs. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 AR 104202 DI 10.1117/1.3000593 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 377RE UT WOS:000261267500012 ER PT J AU Palilis, LC Lane, PA Kushto, GP Purushothaman, B Anthony, JE Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, Leonidas C. Lane, Paul A. Kushto, Gary P. Purushothaman, Balaji Anthony, John E. Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Organic photovoltaic cells with high open circuit voltages based on pentacene derivatives SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE pentacene; organic photovoltaics; fullerene; morphology ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FUNCTIONALIZED PENTACENE; SOLAR-CELLS; SUBSTITUTED PENTACENE; PERFORMANCE AB Heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices were fabricated using C(60) as the electron acceptor and several pentacene derivatives with triisopropylsilylethynyl functional groups as the electron donor. The open circuit voltage (V(oc)) of functionalized pentacene-based cells is significantly higher (0.57-0.90 V) than for cells based on unsubstituted pentacene (0.24 V), due to the higher oxidation potentials of these pentacene derivatives. The performance of pentacene derivative cells is limited by lower Current densities than the reference pentacene/C(60) cell. The absorption spectra of films and Solutions of pentacene derivatives closely resemble one another, leading us to conclude that these films are amorphous in nature. Weak intermolecular coupling in the derivative films results in lower charge mobility and shorter exciton diffusion lengths relative to pentacene. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Palilis, Leonidas C.; Lane, Paul A.; Kushto, Gary P.; Kafafi, Zakya H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Purushothaman, Balaji; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lpalil@imel.demokritos.gr; paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Mason Wolak for measuring the absorption spectra of TIPS and Olga Lobanova and Dennis Lichtenberger for providing preliminary gas phase photoemission data. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2008.05.015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 347IJ UT WOS:000259133500027 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Prichard, MN Daily, S Jefferson, G Hartline, C Cassady, KA Hilliard, L Shimamura, M AF Bryan, Coleman J. Prichard, Mark N. Daily, Shannon Jefferson, Geraldine Hartline, Caroll Cassady, Kevin A. Hilliard, Lee Shimamura, Masako TI Acyclovir-resistant chronic verrucous vaccine strain varicella in a patient with neuroblastoma SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE varicella; Oka; acyclovir; resistance; immunosuppressed; neuroblastoma ID ANTIVIRAL DRUGS; ZOSTER-VIRUS; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; HERPESVIRUSES; REPLICATION; LESIONS; SAFETY; CHILD AB A 21-month-old girl with neuroblastoma developed chronic verrucous Oka strain varicella-zoster infection during chemotherapy. Virus isolated from the patient demonstrated high-level acyclovir resistance, and its thymidine kinase had no in vitro enzymatic activity. After foscarnet therapy, she underwent stem cell transplantation without varicella reactivation. This is only the second reported case of resistant varicella zoster virus caused by Oka strain virus. C1 [Bryan, Coleman J.; Hilliard, Lee] Univ Alabama, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Prichard, Mark N.; Daily, Shannon; Jefferson, Geraldine; Hartline, Caroll; Cassady, Kevin A.; Shimamura, Masako] Univ Alabama, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Coleman.Bryan@med.navy.mil FU Public Health Service [NOI-AI-30049]; NIH NIAID FX These studies were supported by Public Health Service contract NOI-AI-30049 (to M.N.P.) from NIH NIAID. Cidofovir was a gift from Mick Hitchcock at Gilead Sciences (Foster City, CA). NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 BP 946 EP 948 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e318175d85c PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 356FZ UT WOS:000259765400027 PM 18776818 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Karasik, M Velikovich, AL Metzler, N Zalesak, ST Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Serlin, V Weaver, J Obenschain, SP AF Aglitskiy, Y. Karasik, M. Velikovich, A. L. Metzler, N. Zalesak, S. T. Schmitt, A. J. Gardner, J. H. Serlin, V. Weaver, J. Obenschain, S. P. TI Classical and ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and other ICF-relevant plasma flows diagnosed with monochromatic x-ray imaging SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond CY AUG 18-26, 2007 CL Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, ITALY HO Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; NIKE KRF LASER; EXTREMELY DENSE-PLASMAS; GROWTH-RATE; PERTURBATION GROWTH; ACCELERATED TARGETS; PLASTIC TARGETS; PLANAR TARGETS; SINGLE-MODE AB In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy density physics (HEDP), the most important manifestations of the hydrodynamic instabilities and other mixing processes involve lateral motion of the accelerated plasmas. In order to understand the experimental observations and to advance the numerical simulation codes to the point of predictive capability, it is critically important to accurately diagnose the motion of the dense plasma mass. The most advanced diagnostic technique recently developed for this purpose is the monochromatic x-ray imaging that combines large field of view with high contrast, high spatial resolution and large throughput, ensuring high temporal resolution at large magnification. Its application made it possible for the experimentalists to observe for the first time important hydrodynamic effects that trigger compressible turbulent mixing in laser targets, such as ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM) instability, feedout, interaction of an RM-unstable interface with shock and rarefaction waves. It also helped to substantially improve the accuracy of diagnosing many other important plasma flows, ranging from laser-produced jets to electromagnetically driven wires in a Z-pinch, and to test various methods suggested for mitigation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. We will review the results obtained with the aid of this technique in ICF- HEDP studies at the Naval Research Laboratory and the prospects of its future applications. C1 [Aglitskiy, Y.; Metzler, N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.; Karasik, M.; Velikovich, A. L.; Zalesak, S. T.; Schmitt, A. J.; Serlin, V.; Weaver, J.; Obenschain, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gardner, J. H.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aglitskiy, Y (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. EM yefim.agliskiy@nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL T132 AR 014021 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T132/014021 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 396HU UT WOS:000262583600022 ER PT J AU Du, MH Zhang, SB Northrup, JE Erwin, SC AF Du, Mao-Hua Zhang, S. B. Northrup, J. E. Erwin, Steven C. TI Stabilization mechanisms of polar surfaces: ZnO surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SURFACES; STABILITY; GAAS(001) AB First-principles calculations reveal two mechanisms that compete to determine the structure of ZnO polar surfaces. One is the electron-counting rule, which favors semiconducting surfaces. The other is the large ZnO cohesive energy, which favors unreconstructed metallic surfaces with 1x1 periodicity. Their close competition results in crossovers in the preferred surface structure as the oxygen chemical potential is varied, consistent with a variety of surface morphologies observed under different experimental conditions. C1 [Du, Mao-Hua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Du, Mao-Hua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, S. B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Northrup, J. E.] Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL-NRC; DOE Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA 22]; DOE/BES and DOE/EERE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX We thank X. L. Du, J. F. Jia, and Q. K. Xue for sharing unpublished results. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, by the NRL-NRC program, by DOE Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development NA 22, and by DOE/BES and DOE/EERE under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Computations were performed at NERSC and the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at ASC. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 15 AR 155424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155424 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 367TB UT WOS:000260574400132 ER PT J AU Liu, AY Zope, RR Pederson, MR AF Liu, Amy Y. Zope, Rajendra R. Pederson, Mark R. TI Structural and bonding properties of bcc-based B(80) solids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BARE BORON CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; C-60; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; POLYMERIZATION; FULLERIDES; KXC60 AB A density-functional-theory investigation of bcc B(80) and K(6)B(80) is presented. The calculations show that B(80) cages pack closely on a bcc lattice, with bond formation between atoms on both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor molecules. While the binding energy of 9.9 eV/molecule is only about half that calculated for fcc B(80), potassium intercalation of bcc B(80) adds an ionic component to the binding to further stabilize the lattice. Both B(80) and K(6)B(80) are calculated to be metallic. The electronic structure is analyzed in terms of ionic and covalent effects, and the bonding is discussed in terms of a balance between two- and three-center bonding. C1 [Liu, Amy Y.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Liu, Amy Y.; Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zope, Rajendra R.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. RP Liu, AY (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 FU National Science Foundation through Tera-Grid resources at TACC and NCSA [DMR-0705266] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0705266 and through Tera-Grid resources at TACC and NCSA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 15 AR 155422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155422 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 367TB UT WOS:000260574400130 ER PT J AU Parker, D Dolgov, OV Korshunov, MM Golubov, AA Mazin, II AF Parker, D. Dolgov, O. V. Korshunov, M. M. Golubov, A. A. Mazin, I. I. TI Extended s(+/-) scenario for the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in superconducting pnictides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMPURITIES; SCATTERING; GAPS AB Recently, several measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate T(1)(-1) in the superconducting Fe pnictides have been reported. These measurements generally show no coherence peak below T(c) and indicate a low-temperature power-law behavior, the characteristics commonly taken as evidence of unconventional superconductivity with lines of nodes crossing the Fermi surface. In this work we show that (i) the lack of a coherence peak is fully consistent with the previously proposed nodeless extended s(+/-)-wave symmetry of the order parameter (whether in the clean or dirty limit) and (ii) the low-temperature power-law behavior can be also explained in the framework of the same model but requires going beyond the Born limit. C1 [Parker, D.; Korshunov, M. M.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Parker, D.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Dolgov, O. V.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Korshunov, M. M.] RAS, Siberian Branch, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Golubov, A. A.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Parker, D.; Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parker, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Korshunov, Maxim/K-6660-2015; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Korshunov, Maxim/0000-0001-9355-2872; Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 35 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 13 AR 134524 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.134524 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 367SZ UT WOS:000260574200110 ER PT J AU Zimbovskaya, NA Pederson, MR AF Zimbovskaya, Natalya A. Pederson, Mark R. TI Negative differential resistance in molecular junctions: Effect of the electronic structure of the electrodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT AB We have carried out calculations of electron transport through a metal-molecule-metal junction with metal nanoclusters taking the part of electrodes. We show that negative differential resistance peaks could appear in the current-voltage curves. The peaks arise due to narrow features in the electron density of states of the metal clusters. The proposed analysis is based on the ab initio computations of the relevant wave functions and energies within the framework of the density-functional theory using NRLMOL software package. C1 [Zimbovskaya, Natalya A.] Univ Puerto Rico Humacao, CUH Stn, Dept Phys & Elect, Humacao, PR 00791 USA. [Zimbovskaya, Natalya A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Zimbovskaya, Natalya A.; Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zimbovskaya, NA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Humacao, CUH Stn, Dept Phys & Elect, Humacao, PR 00791 USA. FU ASEE; ONR Summer Faculty Research Program FX We thank G. M. Zimbovsky for help with the manuscript. N. Z. acknowledges support from the ASEE and ONR Summer Faculty Research Program. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 15 AR 153105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.153105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 367TB UT WOS:000260574400006 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betts, RR Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bombara, M Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bruna Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Callner, J Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopdhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, SU Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M De Silva, C Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, F Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gangaharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, ES Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jin, F Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kuhn, C Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Y Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, MI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meschanin, A Millane, J Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nepali, C Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Reed, R Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM deToledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trattner, AL Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M Molen, AMV Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betts, R. R. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bruna Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Callner, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopdhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, S. U. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. De Silva, C. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gangaharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jin, F. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kuhn, C. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, M. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Millane, J. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mishra, D. K. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nepali, C. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Reed, R. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Rykov, V. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X-H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. deToledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trattner, A. L. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. Molen, A. M. Vander Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Hadronic resonance production in d+Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV measured at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; FREEZE-OUT; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; GLUON PRODUCTION; MESON PRODUCTION; COLORED GLASS AB We present the first measurements of the rho(770)(0),K-*(892),Delta(1232)(++),Sigma(1385), and Lambda(1520) resonances in d+Au collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV, reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels using the STAR detector (the solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider). The masses and widths of these resonances are studied as a function of transverse momentum p(T). We observe that the resonance spectra follow a generalized scaling law with the transverse mass m(T). The < p(T)> of resonances in minimum bias collisions are compared with the < p(T)> of pi,K, and p. The rho(0)/pi(-),K-*/K-,Delta(++)/p,Sigma(1385)/Lambda, and Lambda(1520)/Lambda ratios in d+Au collisions are compared with the measurements in minimum bias p+p interactions, where we observe that both measurements are comparable. The nuclear modification factors (R-dAu) of the rho(0),K-*, and Sigma(*) scale with the number of binary collisions (N-bin) for p(T)> 1.2 GeV/c. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Bombara, M.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Gaillard, L.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Bueltmann, S.; Christie, W.; Chung, S. U.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Lynn, D.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.; Trattner, A. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, M. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangaharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kaplan, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.; Waggoner, W. T.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bystersky, M.; Chaloupka, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Averichev, G. S.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Kechechyan, A.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Stadnik, A.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. [Arkhipkin, D.; Filip, P.; Lednicky, R.; Vasilevski, I. M.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. [Dash, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Mishra, D. K.; Phatak, S. C.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Djawotho, P.; He, W.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Vigdor, S. E.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Baudot, J.; Coffin, J. P.; Estienne, M.; Hippolyte, B.; Kuhn, C.; Shabetai, A.] Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Nepali, C.; Pandit, Y.; Rykov, V.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Edwards, W. R.; Grebenyuk, O.; Jacobs, P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. 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[Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Kisiel, A.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Hepplemann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Tarnowsky, T.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Bhardwaj, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; Mitchell, J.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; deToledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X-H.; Tian, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Sarsour, M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daugherity, M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopdhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; De Silva, C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Feng, A.; Lin, X.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Du, F.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 FU RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; HENP Divisions of the Office of Science; U. S. DOE; U. S. NSF; BMBF of Germany [IN2P3]; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; EMN of France; FAPESP of Brazil; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education and the NNSFC of China; IRP and GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of the Government of India; Swiss NSF; Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; STAA of Slovakia; Korea Science & Engineering Foundation FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, and the NERSC Center at LBNL for their support. This work was supported in part by the HENP Divisions of the Office of Science of the U. S. DOE; the U. S. NSF; the BMBF of Germany; IN2P3, RA, RPL, and EMN of France; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP of Brazil; the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; the Ministry of Education and the NNSFC of China; IRP and GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of the Government of India; Swiss NSF; the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; STAA of Slovakia; and the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 AR 044906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044906 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 367TE UT WOS:000260574700071 ER PT J AU Yadav, RB Ma, WC Hagemann, GB Bengtsson, R Ryde, H Amro, H Bracco, A Carpenter, MP Domscheit, J Frattini, S Hartley, DJ Herskind, B Hubel, H Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Million, B Odegard, S Riedinger, LL Schmidt, KA Siem, S Sletten, G Varmette, PG Wilson, JN Zhang, YC AF Yadav, R. B. Ma, W. C. Hagemann, G. B. Bengtsson, R. Ryde, H. Amro, H. Bracco, A. Carpenter, M. P. Domscheit, J. Frattini, S. Hartley, D. J. Herskind, B. Hubel, H. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Million, B. Odegard, S. Riedinger, L. L. Schmidt, K. A. Siem, S. Sletten, G. Varmette, P. G. Wilson, J. N. Zhang, Y. C. TI Identification of triaxial strongly deformed bands in Hf-168 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; HIGH-SPIN; NUCLEI; ENERGY; MODE; WELL AB Possible decay pathways associated with three candidates for triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands in Hf-168 have been investigated. The spin and excitation energy of the strongest band, TSD1, were determined approximately based on gamma-ray coincidence relationships. Discrete links were established for the second band. The overall agreement between the observed properties of the bands and cranking calculations using the ULTIMATE CRANKER code provides strong support for an interpretation where band TSD1 is associated with a TSD minimum, (epsilon(2),gamma)similar to(0.43,20(degrees)), involving the pi(i(13/2))(2) and the nu(j(15/2)) high-j orbitals. This constitutes the first identification of a TSD band in Hf isotopes, which has been long-predicted by theoretical studies. The second band is understood as being associated with a near-prolate shape and a deformation enhanced with respect to the normal deformed bands. It is proposed to be built on the pi(i(13/2)h(9/2))circle times nu(i(13/2))(2) configuration. C1 [Yadav, R. B.; Ma, W. C.; Amro, H.; Varmette, P. G.; Zhang, Y. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hagemann, G. B.; Herskind, B.; Schmidt, K. A.; Sletten, G.; Varmette, P. G.; Wilson, J. N.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bengtsson, R.] Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Ryde, H.] Lund Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Bracco, A.; Frattini, S.; Million, B.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Domscheit, J.; Hubel, H.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Odegard, S.; Siem, S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yadav, RB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU), DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL)] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU) and DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 AR 044316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044316 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 367TE UT WOS:000260574700031 ER PT J AU Manna, U Song, JK Vij, JK Naciri, J AF Manna, U. Song, Jang-Kun Vij, J. K. Naciri, J. TI Electric-field-dependent dielectric response in the de Vries-type smectic-A(*) phase possessing local orientational order with nanoscale correlation length SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCLINIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; SMECTIC-C; LAYER STRUCTURE; ASTERISK AB The dielectric strength is shown to increase and the relaxation frequency to decrease for a large temperature range up to a certain value of the electric field in the smectic-A(*) phase. This behavior contrasts to that observed in a conventional smectic-A(*), but can be explained in terms of de Vries scenerio. On assuming the reorientation of the molecular dipoles with electric field to be of the Langevin type in the de Vries smectic-A(*), we find that around 1300 molecules, corresponding to a minimum correlation length of xi(perpendicular to)approximate to 45 nm in a single layer cooperatively respond to the applied field. C1 [Manna, U.; Song, Jang-Kun; Vij, J. K.] Dublin City Univ, Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Naciri, J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manna, U (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM jvij@tcd.ie RI Manna, Uttam/B-9112-2009; Manna, Uttam/D-9984-2014; OI Manna, Uttam/0000-0001-5095-4417; Vij, Jagdish K/0000-0001-7918-126X FU Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd [RN1175]; Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI) [02/In.1/I031] FX We extend our grateful acknowledgments to Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd. for donating aligning agent RN1175. We thank Atsuo Fukuda and M. A. Osipov for fruitful discussions. We also thank Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI), Grant No. 02/In.1/I031 for funding the work. J.K.S. thanks Samsung Electronics Co. for granting a leave of absence from Seoul. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 AR 041705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.041705 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 367SV UT WOS:000260573800081 PM 18999443 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Seely, JF Feldman, U Holland, GE Weaver, JL Obenschain, SP Kjornrattanawanich, B Fielding, D AF Brown, Charles M. Seely, John F. Feldman, Uri Holland, Glenn E. Weaver, James L. Obenschain, Steven P. Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Fielding, Drew TI High-resolution imaging spectrometer for recording absolutely calibrated far ultraviolet spectra from laser-produced plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE calibration; CMOS image sensors; diffraction gratings; photodiodes; plasma diagnostics; plasma production by laser; plasma properties; plasmons; telescopes; ultraviolet spectra; ultraviolet spectroscopy ID REGION AB An imaging spectrometer was designed and fabricated for recording far ultraviolet spectra from laser-produced plasmas with wavelengths as short as 155 nm. The spectrometer implements a Cassegrain telescope and two gratings in a tandem Wadsworth optical configuration that provides diffraction limited resolution. Spectral images were recorded from plasmas produced by the irradiation of various target materials by intense KrF laser radiation with 248 nm wavelength. Two pairs of high-resolution gratings can be selected for the coverage of two wavebands, one grating pair with 1800 grooves/mm and covering approximately 155-175 nm and another grating pair with 1200 grooves/mm covering 230-260 nm. The latter waveband includes the 248 nm KrF laser wavelength, and the former waveband includes the wavelength of the two-plasmon decay instability at 2/3 the KrF laser wavelength (165 nm). The detection media consist of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor imager, photostimulable phosphor image plates, and a linear array of 1 mm(2) square silicon photodiodes with 0.4 ns rise time. The telescope mirrors, spectrometer gratings, and 1 mm(2) photodiode were calibrated using synchrotron radiation, and this enables the measurement of the absolute emission from the laser-produced plasmas with temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions. The spectrometer is capable of measuring absolute spectral emissions at 165 nm wavelength as small as 5x10(-7) J/nm from a plasma source area of 0.37 mm(2) and with 0.4 ns time resolution. C1 [Brown, Charles M.; Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, Uri] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Weaver, James L.; Obenschain, Steven P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Fielding, Drew] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank Leonid Goray for improvements in the efficiency calculations. We thank the NIKE laser operations staff and target chamber staff for invaluable assistance and Joseph Kelleher of Commonwealth Technologies Inc. for assistance with the spectrometer design. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The mention of commercial products does not necessarily represent an endorsement. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 AR 103109 DI 10.1063/1.3000685 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 367ST UT WOS:000260573500010 PM 19044704 ER PT J AU Jackson, SL Weber, BV Mosher, D Phipps, DG Stephanakis, SJ Commisso, RJ Qi, N Failor, BH Coleman, PL AF Jackson, S. L. Weber, B. V. Mosher, D. Phipps, D. G. Stephanakis, S. J. Commisso, R. J. Qi, N. Failor, B. H. Coleman, P. L. TI A comparison of planar, laser-induced fluorescence, and high-sensitivity interferometry techniques for gas-puff nozzle density measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY 2008 CL Albuquerque, NM DE argon; fluorescence; light interferometry; plasma density; plasma diagnostics; Z pinch ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB The distribution of argon gas injected by a 12-cm-diameter triple-shell nozzle was characterized using both planar, laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and high-sensitivity interferometry. PLIF is used to measure the density distribution at a given time by detecting fluorescence from an acetone tracer added to the gas. Interferometry involves making time-dependent, line-integrated gas density measurements at a series of chordal locations that are then Abel inverted to obtain the gas density distribution. Measurements were made on nominally identical nozzles later used for gas-puff Z-pinch experiments on the Saturn pulsed-power generator. Significant differences in the mass distributions obtained by the two techniques are presented and discussed, along with the strengths and weaknesses of each method. C1 [Jackson, S. L.; Weber, B. V.; Mosher, D.; Phipps, D. G.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Commisso, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qi, N.; Failor, B. H.] L 3 Commun, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Coleman, P. L.] Alameda Appl Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Mosher, D.; Phipps, D. G.; Stephanakis, S. J.] L 3 Communicat, Reston, VA USA. RP Jackson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 AR 10E717 DI 10.1063/1.2979871 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 367ST UT WOS:000260573500136 PM 19044535 ER PT J AU Jones, B Coverdale, CA Nielsen, DS Jones, MC Deeney, C Serrano, JD Nielsen-Weber, LB Meyer, CJ Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Coleman, PL AF Jones, B. Coverdale, C. A. Nielsen, D. S. Jones, M. C. Deeney, C. Serrano, J. D. Nielsen-Weber, L. B. Meyer, C. J. Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Coleman, P. L. TI Multicolor, time-gated, soft x-ray pinhole imaging of wire array and gas puff Z pinches on the Z and Saturn pulsed power generators SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY 2008 CL Albuquerque, NM DE copper; exploding wires; explosions; plasma diagnostics; plasma X-ray sources; X-ray imaging; Z pinch ID Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION AB A multicolor, time-gated, soft x-ray pinhole imaging instrument is fielded as part of the core diagnostic set on the 25 MA Z machine [M. E. Savage , in Proceedings of the Pulsed Power Plasma Sciences Conference (IEEE, New York, 2007), p. 979] for studying intense wire array and gas puff Z-pinch soft x-ray sources. Pinhole images are reflected from a planar multilayer mirror, passing 277 eV photons with < 10 eV bandwidth. An adjacent pinhole camera uses filtration alone to view 1-10 keV photons simultaneously. Overlaying these data provides composite images that contain both spectral as well as spatial information, allowing for the study of radiation production in dense Z-pinch plasmas. Cu wire arrays at 20 MA on Z show the implosion of a colder cloud of material onto a hot dense core where K-shell photons are excited. A 528 eV imaging configuration has been developed on the 8 MA Saturn generator [R. B. Spielman , and A. I. P. Conf, Proc. 195, 3 (1989)] for imaging a bright Li-like Ar L-shell line. Ar gas puff Z pinches show an intense K-shell emission from a zippering stagnation front with L-shell emission dominating as the plasma cools. C1 [Jones, B.; Coverdale, C. A.; Nielsen, D. S.; Jones, M. C.; Deeney, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Serrano, J. D.; Nielsen-Weber, L. B.; Meyer, C. J.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Apruzese, J. P.; Clark, R. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coleman, P. L.] Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 AR 10E906 DI 10.1063/1.2969280 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 367ST UT WOS:000260573500164 PM 19044561 ER PT J AU Murphy, DP Allen, RJ Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Apruzese, JP Phipps, DG Mosher, D AF Murphy, D. P. Allen, R. J. Weber, B. V. Commisso, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Phipps, D. G. Mosher, D. TI Time-resolved voltage measurements of Z-pinch radiation sources with a vacuum voltmeter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY 2008 CL Albuquerque, NM DE plasma diagnostics; pulsed power technology; voltage measurement; Z pinch AB A vacuum-voltmeter (VVM) was fielded on the Saturn pulsed power generator during a series of argon gas-puff Z-pinch shots. Time-resolved voltage and separately measured load current are used to determine several dynamic properties as the load implodes, namely, the inductance, L(t), net energy coupled to the load, E(coupled)(t), and the load radius, r(t). The VVM is a two-stage voltage divider, designed to operate at voltages up to 2 MV. The VVM is presently being modified to operate at voltages up to 6 MV for eventual use on the Z generator. C1 [Murphy, D. P.; Allen, R. J.; Weber, B. V.; Commisso, R. J.; Apruzese, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, D.] L3 Commun Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Murphy, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6770, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 AR 10E306 DI 10.1063/1.2956829 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 367ST UT WOS:000260573500064 PM 19044468 ER PT J AU Tommasini, R MacPhee, A Hey, D Ma, T Chen, C Izumi, N Unites, W MacKinnon, A Hatchett, SP Remington, BA Park, HS Springer, P Koch, JA Landen, OL Seely, J Holland, G Hudson, L AF Tommasini, R. MacPhee, A. Hey, D. Ma, T. Chen, C. Izumi, N. Unites, W. MacKinnon, A. Hatchett, S. P. Remington, B. A. Park, H. S. Springer, P. Koch, J. A. Landen, O. L. Seely, John Holland, Glenn Hudson, Larry TI Development of backlighting sources for a Compton radiography diagnostic of inertial confinement fusion targets (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY 2008 CL Albuquerque, NM DE bremsstrahlung; Compton effect; gold; plasma confinement; plasma diagnostics; plasma interactions; plasma production by laser ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB We present scaled demonstrations of backlighter sources, emitting bremsstrahlung x rays with photon energies above 75 keV, that we will use to record x-ray Compton radiographic snapshots of cold dense DT fuel in inertial confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In experiments performed at the Titan laser facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we measured the source size and the bremsstrahlung spectrum as a function of laser intensity and pulse length from solid targets irradiated at 2x10(17)-5x10(18) W/cm(2) using 2-40 ps pulses. Using Au planar foils we achieved source sizes down to 5.5 mu m and conversion efficiencies of about 1x10(-13) J/J into x-ray photons with energies in the 75-100 keV spectral range. We can now use these results to design NIF backlighter targets and shielding and to predict Compton radiography performance as a function of the NIF implosion yield and associated background. C1 [Tommasini, R.; MacPhee, A.; Hey, D.; Ma, T.; Chen, C.; Izumi, N.; Unites, W.; MacKinnon, A.; Hatchett, S. P.; Remington, B. A.; Park, H. S.; Springer, P.; Koch, J. A.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Tommasini, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seely, John; Holland, Glenn] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, Larry] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tommasini@llnl.gov RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 AR 10E901 DI 10.1063/1.2953593 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 367ST UT WOS:000260573500159 PM 19044556 ER PT J AU Kanyogoro, E Peckerar, M Hughes, H Liu, M AF Kanyogoro, Esau Peckerar, Martin Hughes, Harold Liu, Mike TI Band gap engineered resistor for mitigating linear energy transfer sensitivities in scaled submiron CMOS technology SRAM cells SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD DE SEU; LET; TCR; DX centers AB Use of cross-coupling latch resistors is a prime method of mitigating single event upsets (SEU). Scaling has dramatically reduced ability of using this technique because of the large area needed as well as high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of lightly doped polysilicon resistors. We present results of a study of the electrical properties of Al(1-x),In(x)N films resistor which offers distinct advantage over polysilicon resistors. The films were grown on silicon nitride by magnetron sputter deposition at room temperature. Sheet resistance in the range of 8-10 k Omega/square was reproducibly grown. The resistor film is thermally stable with TCR of less than minus 0.09%/degrees C for temperature range of minus 55 degrees C to +125 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kanyogoro, Esau; Peckerar, Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kanyogoro, Esau; Hughes, Harold] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Mike] Honeywell Aerosp, Plymouth, MN USA. RP Kanyogoro, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kanyogor@mail.umd.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1555 EP 1562 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2008.06.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 370IM UT WOS:000260755900015 ER PT J AU McAninch, CB Chauhan, SP Magann, EF Chauhan, VB Brown, JA Morrison, JC AF McAninch, Cecile B. Chauhan, Suneet P. Magann, Everett F. Chauhan, Vidya B. Brown, Jacob A. Morrison, John C. TI Psychologic Effects of Poor Outcome and Professional Liability Actions on Physicians SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gynecologists; obstetricians; professional liability; psychologic stress ID GYNECOLOGISTS MEMBERS; CENTRAL ASSOCIATION; OBSTETRICIANS; LITIGATION; REALITY; CLAIMS; MYTH AB Objectives: Little is known about the psychologic effects on obstetricians and gynecologists of adverse maternal or fetal outcome and malpractice claims. Methods: An anonymous survey regarding the psychologic effects of professional liability claims, as measured by 19 items which were used to create four composites rated on a 5-point scale, was mailed to the members of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Results: Among respondents, 78% had at least one malpractice claim, and 9% experienced a patient death, 12% a fetal demise, and 21% neonatal neurologic damage. In general, professional liability claims had significant effects on psychologic trauma (P < 0.001), shame/doubt (P < 0.005), and active coping (P < 0.05), but not on job stress, whereas patient death, but not fetal death or neonatal neurologic injury, had significant effects on all 4 composite variables. Conclusion: Physicians experience psychologic trauma influenced by patient death and professional liability actions. C1 Wofford Coll, Spartanburg, SC USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1032 EP 1034 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363LF UT WOS:000260268100016 PM 18791536 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH Thieme, CLH AF Claassen, J. H. Thieme, C. L. H. TI Magnetic properties of Ni-based substrates for HTS tape SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT AC LOSSES AB Ni-W alloys are used as the substrate in the manufacture of HTS tape via the RABiTS (TM) process. Theoretical work has shown that the ferromagnetism in a substrate can affect the ac losses in the superconductor. This occurs in part because of the increased magnetic permeability, which alters the magnetic induction in the superconductor and thereby the loss. Magnetic hysteretic loss in the substrate is an additional contribution to overall ac loss. We report measurements of both permeability and magnetic loss as a function of frequency and magnetic induction for the standard alloy Ni-5W as well as composite substrates incorporating non-magnetic Ni-W alloys. The measurements are done using ac susceptibility at 77 K, at frequencies up to 10(4) Hz and inductions in the range 1-150 mT. It is shown how to use these results to predict total ac loss in isolated superconducting tape and wound coils. Some important magnetic parameters cannot be obtained with sufficient accuracy using a SQUID or vibrating sample magnetometer, since the size of a sample is limited in these measurements. This makes the demagnetizing factor large enough to degrade the accuracy of a permeability measurement. C1 [Claassen, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Thieme, C. L. H.] Amer Superconductor, Devens, MA 01434 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors wish to acknowledge useful suggestions from A Malozemoff and M A Willard. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 AR 105003 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/10/105003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355HH UT WOS:000259699500004 ER PT J AU Krener, AJ AF Krener, Arthur J. TI Eulerian and Lagrangian observability of point vortex flows SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB We study the observability of one and two-point vortex flow from one or two Eulerian or Lagrangian observations. By observability, we mean the ability to determine the locations and strengths of the vortices from the time history of the observations. An Eulerian observation is a measurement of the velocity of the flow at a fixed point in the domain of the flow. A Lagrangian observation is the measurement of the position of a particle moving with the fluid. To determine observability, we introduce the observability and the strong observability rank conditions and compute them for the various vortex configurations and observations in this idealized setting. We find that vortex flows with Lagrangian observations tend to be more observable then the same flows with Eulerian observations. We also simulate extended Kalman filters for the various vortex configurations and observations and find that they perform poorly when the ORC or the strong observability rank condition fails to hold. C1 USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajkrener@nps.edu FU NSF [DMS-0505677] FX This work was created using the Tellus LATEX2 epsilon class file. Research supported in part by NSF DMS-0505677. The author would like to thank the referees for their thoughtful reviews. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1102 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00347.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 352VX UT WOS:000259526600022 ER PT J AU Ma, W Tavakoli, T Chen, S Maric, D Liu, JL O'Shaughnessy, TJ Barker, JL AF Ma, Wu Tavakoli, Tahereh Chen, Silvia Maric, Dragan Liu, Jinny L. O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. Barker, Jeffery L. TI Reconstruction of Functional Cortical-like Tissues from Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL COLLAGEN GELS; PRECURSOR CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; RAT; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION; MICROGRAVITY; BIOREACTOR; NEURONS; CULTURE AB Neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from embryonic day 13 rat cerebral cortex were immobilized in three-dimensional type I collagen gels, and then the cell-collagen constructs were transferred to rotary wall vessel bioreactors and cultured in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with brain-derived neurotrophic factor for up to 10 weeks. Remarkably, the collagen-entrapped cells formed a complex two-layered structure that emulated to a certain extent the cerebral cortex of the embryonic brain in architecture and functionality. The surface layer (layer I) composed primarily of proliferating neural progenitor cells (nestin(+), vimentin(+), and PCNA(+)) predominantly expressed functional neurotransmitter receptors for cholinergic and purinergic agonists while differentiating cells (TuJ1(+) and GFAP(+)) in the deeper layer (layer II) contained differentiated neurons and astrocytes and mainly responded to GABAergic and glutamatergic agonists and to veratridine, which activates voltage-dependent Na(+) channels. An active synaptic vesicle recycling was demonstrated by neuronal networks in the deeper layer using the endocytotic marker FM1-43. Cell polarization forming the characteristic two-layered structure was found to associate with the bFGF and FGF receptor signaling. These engineered functional tissue constructs have a potential use as tissue surrogates for drug screening and detection of environmental toxins, and in neural cell replacement therapy. C1 [Ma, Wu; Tavakoli, Tahereh] Amer Type Culture Collect, Stem Cell Ctr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Ma, Wu; Liu, Jinny L.; O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Silvia] NICHHD, NIH, NASA, Ctr Tissue Culture 3D, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Maric, Dragan; Barker, Jeffery L.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, NIH, Neurophysiol Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), Amer Type Culture Collect, Stem Cell Ctr, 10801 Univ Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM wma@atcc.org FU NASA [NRA 00-HEDS-03-136] FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant NRA 00-HEDS-03-136 to W. Ma. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1673 EP 1686 DI 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0357 PG 14 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 359OS UT WOS:000259998000009 PM 18601590 ER PT J AU Drazen, DA Melville, WK Lenain, L AF Drazen, David A. Melville, W. Kendall Lenain, Luc TI Inertial scaling of dissipation in unsteady breaking waves SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; DEEP-WATER; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SURFACE; TURBULENCE; BREAKERS; HYDROFOIL; STRENGTH; ONSET; RANGE AB Wave dissipation by breaking, or the energy transfer from the surface wave field to currents and turbulence, is one of the least understood components of air-sea interaction. It is important for a better understanding of the Coupling between the surface wave field and the upper layers of the ocean and for improved surface-wave prediction schemes. Simple scaling arguments show that the wave dissipation per 5 unit length of breaking crest, cl, should be proportional to rho(w)gc(5), where rho(w) is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity and c is the phase speed of the breaking wave. The proportionality factor, or 'breaking parameter' b, has been poorly constrained by experiments and field measurements, although our earlier work has Suggested that it should be dependent oil measures of the wave slope and spectral bandwidth. In this paper we describe inertial scaling arguments for the energy lost by plunging breakers which predict that the breaking parameter b=beta(hk)(5/2), where hk is a local breaking slope parameter, and P is a parameter of 0(1). This prediction is tested with laboratory measurements of breaking Clue to dispersive focusing of wave packets in a wave channel. Good agreement is Found within the scatter of the data. We also find that if an integral linear measure of the maximum Slope Of the wave packet, S, is used instead of hk, then b proportional to S-2.77 gives better agreement with the data. During the final preparation of this paper we became aware of similar experiments by Banner & Peirson (2007) concentrating oil the threshold for breaking at lower wave slopes, using a measure of the rate of focusing of wave energy to correlate measurements of b. We discuss the significance of these results in the context of recent measurements and modelling of surface wave processes. C1 [Drazen, David A.; Melville, W. Kendall; Lenain, Luc] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Drazen, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU NSF [CTS-0215638, OCE-0242083] FX We thank Our colleagues Charley Coughran and David Aglietti at the Hydraulics Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, for their assistance in the experiments. We thank Professor Hwung and Dr K. S. Hwang and the students and staff at the Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory For the opportunity and help in conducting experiments in their large wave channel. The inertial scaling argument for the argument the breaking, parameter was first presented by W. K. M. at the annual WISE waves meeting at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, England, in June 2004, with the results of the experiments presented at WISE 2007, in Lorne. Australia. D. A. D. completed the writing of this paper while lie was a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Oslo, Norway. This work was Supported by NSF grants CTS-0215638 and OCE-0242083 to W. K. M. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 25 PY 2008 VL 611 BP 307 EP 332 DI 10.1017/S0022112008002826 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 355BE UT WOS:000259682800015 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. White, C. T. TI Graphene interferometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRIPS; TRANSPORT; EDGE AB Ballistic transport calculations, which are treated exactly within the nearest-neighbor tight-binding theory, on graphene strips connected to a pair of contacts are presented. In strips with high width-to-length ratio, the calculations reveal the presence of groups of resonances from a large number of nonequivalent conductance channels. While the energies of the collective resonances are, to first order, uniformly spaced and only depend on the contact separation, their contrast also depends on the strip width and contact interfaces. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Gunlycke, D.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX D. G. acknowledges support from the Naval Research Laboratory through the National Academies Research Associateship Programs. This work was also supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 12 AR 122106 DI 10.1063/1.2988825 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 356SY UT WOS:000259799100037 ER PT J AU Wan, AS Long, JP Kushto, G Makinen, AJ AF Wan, Alan S. Long, James P. Kushto, Gary Maekinen, Antti J. TI The interfacial chemistry and energy level structure of a liquid crystalline perylene derivative on Au(111) and graphite surfaces SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GROWTH; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIIMIDES; DENSITY; AG(110); PTCDI; STM AB We compare the energy level structure of ordered monolayers of N,N'-ditridecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13) on Au(1 1 1) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Both ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show the formation of an occupied interface state for PTCDI-C13 on Au(1 1 1), whereas no such state is observed for PTCDI-C13 on HOPG. Comparative density functional theory calculations for various isolated perylene derivatives in the neutral and anionic states are unable to explain differences in observed interface state formation, which suggests that the interface state for PTCDI-C13/Au(1 1 1) is a consequence of a weak chemical interaction of this molecule and the Au substrate. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Wan, Alan S.; Long, James P.; Kushto, Gary; Maekinen, Antti J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Antti.Makinen@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council FX The authors thank Dr. Mason Wolak and Dr. Paul Lane for helpful discussions. Dr. Wan thanks the National Research Council for their support of the postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 463 IS 1-3 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 347OH UT WOS:000259150400013 ER PT J AU Thompson, MA Dunlap, BI AF Thompson, Matthew A. Dunlap, Brett I. TI Optimization of analytic density functionals by parallel genetic algorithm SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; NONBONDED INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INTERACTION ENERGIES; BENCHMARK DATABASE; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; NOBEL LECTURE; BASIS-SETS; POLY-YNES; COMPUTATION AB We report the construction and implementation of a parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) for use in optimization of analytic density-functional theory. Our new algorithm demonstrates comparable performance to our previous simplex optimizer when benchmarked against the extended G2 set, and the considerable scatter between different optimizations shows that robust methods are required. This new PGA will allow us to further expand our parameter space while efficiently utilizing cluster and supercomputing resources as the problems grow larger. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Matthew A.; Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.thompson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Thompson, Matthew/B-4682-2008; OI Thompson, Matthew/0000-0001-6222-6863; Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 463 IS 1-3 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.075 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 347OH UT WOS:000259150400054 ER PT J AU Doppmann, GW Najita, JR Carr, JS AF Doppmann, Greg W. Najita, Joan R. Carr, John S. TI Stellar and circumstellar properties of the pre-main-sequence binary GV Tau from infrared spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; stars : formation; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (GV Tau); stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence; techniques : radial velocities; techniques : spectroscopic ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; CLASS-I; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; STAR-FORMATION; HARO 6-10; EMISSION; SPECTRA; CO; PROTOSTARS; ACCRETION AB We report spatially resolved spectroscopy of both components of the low-mass pre-main-sequence binary GV Tau. High-resolution spectroscopy in the K and L bands is used to characterize the stellar properties of the binary and to explore the nature of the circumstellar environment. We find that the southern component, GV Tau S, is a radial velocity variable, possibly as a result of an unseen low-mass companion. The strong warm gaseous HCN absorption reported previously by Gibb and coworkers toward GV Tau S was not present during the epoch of our observations. Instead, we detect warm (similar to 500 K) molecular absorption with similar properties toward the northern infrared companion, GV Tau N. At the epoch of our observations, the absorbing gas toward GV Tau N was approximately at the radial velocity of the GV Tau molecular envelope, but it was redshifted with respect to the star by similar to 13 km s(-1). One interpretation of our results is that GV Tau N is also a binary and that most of the warm molecular absorption arises in a circumbinary disk viewed close to edge-on. C1 [Doppmann, Greg W.; Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doppmann, GW (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gdoppmann@noao.edu; najita@noao.edu; carr@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute [CAN-02-OSS-02]; Life and Planets Astrobiology Center (LAPLACE) FX The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. We thank Al Conrad and other Keck Observatory staff who provided support and assistance during our NIRSPEC run. We thank Sean Brittain for sharing results from Gibb et al. (2007) in advance of publication. We thank Elise Furlan for information on the silicate and CO2 ice optical depths of Taurus Class I sources in advance of publication. Nathan Crockett contributed helpful advice on data-reduction strategies. Financial support for this work was provided by the NASA Origins of Solar Systems program and the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement CAN-02-OSS-02 issued through the Office of Space Science. This work was also supported by the Life and Planets Astrobiology Center (LAPLACE). NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 298 EP 312 DI 10.1086/590328 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200025 ER PT J AU Nigro, G Malara, F Veltri, P AF Nigro, G. Malara, F. Veltri, P. TI Resonant behavior and fluctuating energy storage in coronal loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SHELL MODELS; SMALL SCALES; DISSIPATION; NANOFLARES; PLASMA; MECHANISMS; MOTIONS AB The energy balance at large scales in a coronal loop is investigated, using an analytical approach based on the reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations and a simplified model of the loop. The dynamics is regulated by two phenomena: the resonance excited by motions at the loop basis, which stores energy within the loop; and nonlinear couplings, which move energy toward smaller scales. The former phenomenon is studied using a linearized dissipative model; the properties of resonant modes are derived, and the input energy flux is found to be independent of dissipation. The spectral energy flux to small scales is calculated assuming local mode interactions and taking into account the space and time dependence of resonant modes. This flux is determined by interactions among fluctuations at the same order of resonance and the zero-frequency (DC) velocity fluctuation. The DC magnetic field fluctuations do not influence the spectral flux, although they dominate the large-scale fluctuations. An estimate for the velocity fluctuation in the loop is derived from the energy balance, finding an agreement with measures of nonthermal velocity in the solar corona. A peculiar form of the fluctuation spectrum is inferred, formed by an injection range at large scales, a preinertial range where magnetic energy dominates kinetic energy, an inertial range where the turbulence behaves as in an unbounded system, and a dissipative range. These analytical results are compared with those of a numerical model, finding a good agreement, and are discussed with respect to those of previous works. C1 [Nigro, G.; Malara, F.; Veltri, P.] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Fis, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Nigro, G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nigro, G (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Fis, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. RI Veltri, Pierluigi/J-1348-2014 OI Veltri, Pierluigi/0000-0002-7412-1660 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) [ASI-INAF 1/015/97/0] FX The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments have allowed them to improve the discussion of the results. This work was partially supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) through the contract ASI-INAF 1/015/97/0 "Studi di Esplorazione del Sistema Solare.'' Numerical calculations have been performed in the framework of HPCC (Center for High Performance Computing) of the University of Calabria (Italy). NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 606 EP 621 DI 10.1086/590653 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200050 ER PT J AU Asai, A Hara, H Watanabe, T Imada, S Sakao, T Narukage, N Culhane, JL Doschek, GA AF Asai, Ayumi Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Imada, Shinsuke Sakao, Taro Narukage, Noriyuki Culhane, J. L. Doschek, G. A. TI Strongly blueshifted phenomena observed with Hinode EIS in the 2006 December 13 solar flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : flares; sun : transition region; sun : UV radiation; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; IMPULSIVE PHASE; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; SOHO MISSION; MORETON WAVE; B SATELLITE; A MISSION AB We present a detailed examination of strongly blueshifted emission lines observed with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board the Hinode satellite. We found two kinds of blueshifted phenomenon associated with the X3.4 flare that occurred on 2006 December 13. One was related to a plasmoid ejection seen in soft X-rays. It was very bright in all the lines used for the observations. The other was associated with the faint arc-shaped ejection seen in soft X-rays. The soft X-ray ejection is thought to be a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fast-mode shock wave. This is therefore the first spectroscopic observation of an MHD fast-mode shock wave associated with a flare. C1 [Asai, Ayumi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Asai, Ayumi; Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya; Imada, Shinsuke] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Asai, Ayumi; Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Sakao, Taro; Narukage, Noriyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Culhane, J. L.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Asai, A (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1086/590419 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200051 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Collins, CA Margolina, TM Piterbarg, LI Eremeev, VN AF Ivanov, L. M. Collins, C. A. Margolina, T. M. Piterbarg, L. I. Eremeev, V. N. TI On westward transport processes off central California revealed by RAFOS floats SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; CURRENT SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; TURBULENCE AB Westward transport processes off central California are quantified by exit time statistics for RAFOS floats launched at mid-depths (275-375 m). The random displacement model in the diffusion limit was used to interpret results. The alongshore-averaged westward motion of floats represented inhomogeneous eddy diffusion interspersed with short-duration advective motions. The across-shore diffusion coefficient grew as a power law with distance from the coastline (the power exponent was close to one). This is evidence for offshore growth of eddy kinetic energy and may be explained through flow barotropization accompanied by a quasi-geostrophic turbulent regime. Typical values of the float drift velocity were about 1.8-2 cm/s but, offshore, drift velocities were as high as 4-6 cm/s during the upwelling season. Between 150 and 250 km from shore, a transition zone between nearshore and offshore was clearly identified in spring but was either very narrow or undetectable in other seasons. C1 [Ivanov, L. M.; Piterbarg, L. I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Oceanog, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Ivanov, L. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ivanov, L. M.; Margolina, T. M.; Eremeev, V. N.] Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. [Collins, C. A.; Margolina, T. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Oceanog, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu FU NSF [CMG-0530748, CMG-0530893] FX This study was supported by NSF grants CMG-0530748 and CMG-0530893. T. Margolina is a National Research Council Research Associate at the NPS. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which improved the clarity of this paper. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 18 AR L18604 DI 10.1029/2008GL034689 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 351AF UT WOS:000259395600001 ER PT J AU Hansell, RA Liou, KN Ou, SC Tsay, SC Ji, Q Reid, JS AF Hansell, R. A. Liou, K. N. Ou, S. C. Tsay, S. C. Ji, Q. Reid, J. S. TI Remote sensing of mineral dust aerosol using AERI during the UAE(2): A modeling and sensitivity study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; WATER-VAPOR; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL REGION; OPTICAL DEPTH; SCATTERING; CLOUD; PARTICLES; DATABASE; ALGORITHMS AB Numerical simulations and sensitivity studies have been performed to assess the potential for using brightness temperature spectra from a ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) during the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE(2)) for detecting/retrieving mineral dust aerosol. A methodology for separating dust from clouds and retrieving the dust IR optical depths was developed by exploiting differences between their spectral absorptive powers in prescribed thermal IR window subbands. Dust microphysical models were constructed using in situ data from the UAE 2 and prior field studies while composition was modeled using refractive index data sets for minerals commonly observed around the UAE region including quartz, kaolinite, and calcium carbonate. The T-matrix, finite difference time domain (FDTD), and Lorenz-Mie light scattering programs were employed to calculate the single scattering properties for three dust shapes: oblate spheroids, hexagonal plates, and spheres. We used the Code for High-resolution Accelerated Radiative Transfer with Scattering (CHARTS) radiative transfer program to investigate sensitivity of the modeled AERI spectra to key dust and atmospheric parameters. Sensitivity studies show that characterization of the thermodynamic boundary layer is crucial for accurate AERI dust detection/retrieval. Furthermore, AERI sensitivity to dust optical depth is manifested in the strong subband slope dependence of the window region. Two daytime UAE 2 cases were examined to demonstrate the present detection/retrieval technique, and we show that the results compare reasonably well to collocated AERONET Sun photometer/MPLNET micropulse lidar measurements. Finally, sensitivity of the developed methodology to the AERI's estimated MgCdTe detector nonlinearity was evaluated. C1 [Hansell, R. A.; Ji, Q.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hansell, R. A.; Liou, K. N.; Ou, S. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Tsay, S. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; FU NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program; NASA [NNC5-712, NNG04GG91G]; DOE [DOE-FG03-00ER62] FX We are grateful to the Department of Water Resources, Office of the President (DWRS-United Arab Emirates), and Stuart Piketh (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa) for their logistical support and making this field study possible. We thank B. Kahn and A. Eldering at JPL/Caltech for making the CHARTS program available through AER. We also thank C. Zender (UCI) and T. Roush (NASA AMES) for making the mineral data sets available. The NASA Micropulse Lidar Network was funded by the NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program, and the AERONET site is maintained by B. Holben. We also thank J. Campbell for providing the SMART MPL data and W. Feltz for making available the AERIPLUS retrieval algorithm. Last, we are grateful to the reviewers of this manuscript for their helpful and insightful comments. J. S. Reid's participation was provided by the Office of Naval Research Code 322. This research was supported by NASA grants NNC5-712 and NNG04GG91G and DOE grant DOE-FG03-00ER62. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D18 AR D18202 DI 10.1029/2008JD010246 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 351AK UT WOS:000259396200006 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Blumberg, JB AF Lawenda, Brian D. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Re: Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy? Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID NECK-CANCER PATIENTS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LUNG-CANCER; VITAMINS; HEAD C1 [Lawenda, Brian D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Radiat Oncol & Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM brian.lawenda@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 18 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn280 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 350BR UT WOS:000259328000018 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Rind, DH AF Lean, Judith L. Rind, David H. TI How natural and anthropogenic influences alter global and regional surface temperatures: 1889 to 2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; IRRADIANCE AB To distinguish between simultaneous natural and anthropogenic impacts on surface temperature, regionally as well as globally, we perform a robust multivariate analysis using the best available estimates of each together with the observed surface temperature record from 1889 to 2006. The results enable us to compare, for the first time from observations, the geographical distributions of responses to individual influences consistent with their global impacts. We find a response to solar forcing quite different from that reported in several papers published recently in this journal, and zonally averaged responses to both natural and anthropogenic forcings that differ distinctly from those indicated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, whose conclusions depended on model simulations. Anthropogenic warming estimated directly from the historical observations is more pronounced between 45 degrees S and 50 degrees N than at higher latitudes whereas the model-simulated trends have minimum values in the tropics and increase steadily from 30 to 70 degrees N. C1 [Lean, Judith L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rind, David H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA LWS; SORCE FX NASA LWS and SORCE funded this work. Data were obtained from http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/, http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ENSO/enso.mei_index.html and http://www.giss.nasa.gov/. Appreciated are efforts of the many scientists who maintain the various datasets and make them readily available. NR 16 TC 155 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 18 AR L18701 DI 10.1029/2008GL034864 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 351AD UT WOS:000259395400001 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Park, D Goldman, ER Foos, EE Trammell, SA Lowy, DA Ancona, MG AF Sapsford, K. E. Park, D. Goldman, E. R. Foos, E. E. Trammell, S. A. Lowy, D. A. Ancona, M. G. TI Selective DNA-mediated assembly of gold nanoparticles on electroded substrates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; HYBRIDIZATION AB Motivated by the technological possibilities of electronics and sensors based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), we investigate the selective assembly of such NPs on electrodes via DNA hybridization. Protocols are demonstrated for maximizing selectivity and coverage using 15mers as the active binding agents. Detailed studies of the dependences on time, ionic strength, and temperature are used to understand the underlying mechanisms and their limits. Under optimized conditions, coverage of Art NPs on Art electrodes patterned on silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrates was found to be similar to 25-35%. In all cases, Au NPs functionalized with non-complementaryDNA show no attachment and essentially no nonspecific adsorption is observed by any Au NPs on the SiO2 surfaces of the patterned substrates. DNA-guided assembly of multilayers of NPs was also demonstrated and, as expected, found to further increase the coverage, with three deposition cycles resulting in a surface coverage of approximately 60%. C1 [Park, D.; Ancona, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, K. E.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Sapsford, K. E.; Goldman, E. R.; Trammell, S. A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foos, E. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lowy, D. A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Drs. A. W. Snow and J. Rife for helpful discussions and the Office of Naval Research for funding support. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 18 BP 10245 EP 10252 DI 10.1021/la800640u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 347DJ UT WOS:000259120500050 PM 18702477 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Karle, Jerome TI Calculated interactions of a nitro group with aromatic rings of crystalline picryl bromide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hartree Fock; Moller Plesset perturbation theory; quantum mechanics ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; 3RD-ROW ATOMS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; MP2 ENERGY; BASIS-SETS; EXTENSION; GRADIENT; STORAGE AB Several crystalline polymorphs have been discovered for picryl bromide. Among the several forces that control the formation of such polymorphs are the interactions among the nitro groups and phenyl rings of those crystals. Although there are >300 structures to be found in the Cambridge Structural Database displaying the nitro-phenyl interaction, nonetheless this interesting, and apparently important, interaction, seems not to have been discussed within any of the papers reporting the structures. In this article, quantum calculations are reported that assess the strength of these nitro-phenyl interactions within a crystal of picryl bromide. The rather flat molecules of picryl bromide are arranged in layered planes within the crystal, and we examine the attractive interactions that occur within a given plane, and between adjacent planes. Calculations of Hartree Fock and Moller Plesset perturbation theory carried to a second-order expansion are used. Both quantum mechanical approximations are implemented with 6-31G* basis functions. C1 [Huang, Lulu; Karle, Jerome] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerome.karle@nrl.navy.mil FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [SCORES S06GM606654]; National Institutes of Health [RR-03037]; National Center For Research Resources; National Science Foundation; Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) FX We thank Professor Ray Butcher of Howard University (Washington, D.C.) for bringing the topic of this article to our attention. L.M. thanks the U. S. Navy Summer Faculty Research Program administered by the American Society of Engineering Education for the opportunity to spend summers at the Naval Research Laboratory. The research reported in this article was supported by the Office of Naval Research. L.M. was supported by Grant SCORES S06GM606654 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Minority Biomedical Research Support), National Institutes of Health Grant RR-03037, the National Center For Research Resources, the National Science Foundation, and Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST). NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 37 BP 13720 EP 13723 DI 10.1073/pnas.0807218105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 351QG UT WOS:000259438500010 PM 18780785 ER PT J AU Tamanaha, CR Mulvaney, SP Rife, JC Whitman, LJ AF Tamanaha, C. R. Mulvaney, S. P. Rife, J. C. Whitman, L. J. TI Magnetic labeling, detection, and system integration SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE biosensor; magnetic bead; magnetic detection; biomolecular labeling ID SPIN-VALVE SENSORS; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; ANISOTROPIC MAGNETORESISTANCE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; SENSITIVE DIAGNOSTICS; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; BIOSENSORS; NANOPARTICLES; IMMUNOASSAY AB Among the plethora of affinity biosensor systems based on biomolecular recognition and labeling assays, magnetic labeling and detection is emerging as a promising new approach. Magnetic labels can be non-invasively detected by a wide range of methods, are physically and chemically stable, relatively inexpensive to produce, and can be easily made biocompatible. Here we provide an overview of the various approaches developed for magnetic labeling and detection as applied to biosensing. We illustrate the challenges to integrating one such approach into a complete sensing system with a more detailed discussion of the compact Bead Array Sensor System developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the first system to use magnetic labels and microchip-based detection. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tamanaha, C. R.; Mulvaney, S. P.; Rife, J. C.; Whitman, L. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tamanaha, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cy.tamanaha@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 FU Office of Naval Research and a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Seahawk Biosystems, Inc. [NCRADA-NRL-04-341] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Seahawk Biosystems, Inc. (NCRADA-NRL-04-341). Author S.RM. is an employee of Nova Research Inc., 1900 Elkins St. Suite 230, Alexandria VA 22308 USA. NR 66 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2008.02.009 PG 13 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 351LH UT WOS:000259425300001 PM 18374556 ER PT J AU Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Lambrakos, SG AF Fernsler, R. F. Slinker, S. P. Lambrakos, S. G. TI A numerical model and scaling relationship for energetic electron beams propagating in air SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEER-LAMBERT LAW; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATOMIC OXYGEN; ARGON PLASMA; DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN AB Scaling relationships for energy loss and scattering are combined with a particle code to construct a purely algebraic expression for the energy deposited by an energetic electron beam injected into field-free homogeneous air. An algebraic formulation is possible because the mean free paths for the major collisional processes depend similarly on density and energy above 1 keV. Accordingly, the spatial behavior of an initially cold pencil beam is approximately self-similar when expressed in terms of the nominal beam range, provided the beam energy at injection exceeds several keV. Since a warm and broad beam can always be decomposed into a series of cold pencil beams, the total energy deposited can be obtained through a simple sum. With such a model, the ionization and excitation generated by a beam can be computed quickly and easily at every point in space. Similar formulations can be developed for other media using particle codes or experimental data. In liquids or solids, the energy deposited is quickly converted to heat and ultimately to melting and/or vaporization of the material. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2986657] C1 [Fernsler, R. F.; Slinker, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fernsler, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fernsler@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 6 AR 063312 DI 10.1063/1.2986657 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361HS UT WOS:000260119300027 ER PT J AU Clair, KJS Patel, S AF Clair, K. J. St. Patel, S. TI Intital descriptive and analytical data on an outbreak of norovirus infection at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Clair, K. J. St.; Patel, S.] USN, Ctr Med, Portsmouth, VA 23709 USA. RP Clair, KJS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23709 USA. EM kristina.st.clair@med.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 6 BP 941 EP 942 DI 10.1086/591139 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340RA UT WOS:000258661500027 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA AF Kruppa, W. Boos, J. B. Bennett, B. R. Papanicolaou, N. A. TI 1/f noise of Sb-based p-channel HFETs SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The 1/f noise of antimonide-based p-channel HFETs has been measured for the first time. The devices are fabricated with an InAlSb/AlGaSb barrier and a strained In0.41Ga0.59Sb quantum-well channel, yielding a channel hole mobility of 1020 cm(2)/V s and a sheet density of 1.6 x 10(12) cm(-2). The low-frequency noise spectrum in the linear region has a pure 1/f slope with no generation-recombination component. The Hooge parameter, a H, varies between 3 x 10(-4) and 9 x 10(-3) depending on the gate bias. C1 [Kruppa, W.; Boos, J. B.; Bennett, B. R.; Papanicolaou, N. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kruppa@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 19 BP 1155 EP 1156 DI 10.1049/el:20082135 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 347QB UT WOS:000259155000035 ER PT J AU Duan, D Sigano, DM Kelley, JA Lai, CC Lewin, NE Kedei, N Peach, ML Lee, J Abeyweera, TP Rotenberg, SA Kim, H Kim, YH El Kazzouli, S Chung, JU Young, HA Young, MR Baker, A Colburn, NH Haimovitz-Friedman, A Truman, JP Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Perry, NA Surawski, RJ Blumberg, PM Marquez, VE AF Duan, Dehui Sigano, Dina M. Kelley, James A. Lai, Christopher C. Lewin, Nancy E. Kedei, Noemi Peach, Megan L. Lee, Jeewoo Abeyweera, Thushara P. Rotenberg, Susan A. Kim, Hee Kim, Young Ho El Kazzouli, Said Chung, Jae-Uk Young, Howard A. Young, Matthew R. Baker, Alyson Colburn, Nancy H. Haimovitz-Friedman, Adriana Truman, Jean-Philip Parrish, Damon A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Perry, Nicholas A. Surawski, Robert J. Blumberg, Peter M. Marquez, Victor E. TI Conformationally constrained analogues of diacylglycerol. 29. Cells sort diacylglycerol-lactone chemical zip codes to produce diverse and selective biological activities SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; PHORBOL ESTERS; DAG-LACTONES; PKC-ALPHA; COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BINDING-AFFINITY; GAMMA PRODUCTION AB Diacylglycerol-lactone (DAG-lactone) libraries generated by a solid-phase approach using IRORI technology produced a variety of unique biological activities. Subtle differences in chemical diversity in two areas of the molecule, the combination of which generates what we have termed "chemical zip codes", are able to transform a relatively small chemical space into a larger universe of biological activities, as membrane-containing organelles within the cell appear to be able to decode these "chemical zip codes". It is postulated that after binding to protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes or other nonkinase target proteins that contain diacylglycerol responsive, membrane interacting domains (C1 domains), the resulting complexes are directed to diverse intracellular sites where different sets of substrates are accessed. Multiple cellular bioassays show that DAG-lactones, which bind in vitro to PKC alpha to varying degrees, expand their biological repertoire into a larger domain, eliciting distinct cellular responses. C1 [Duan, Dehui; Sigano, Dina M.; Kelley, James A.; Lai, Christopher C.; El Kazzouli, Said; Marquez, Victor E.] NCI, NIH, Med Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Lewin, Nancy E.; Kedei, Noemi; Perry, Nicholas A.; Surawski, Robert J.; Blumberg, Peter M.] NCI, NIH, Lab Canc Biol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Peach, Megan L.] Basic Res Program SAIC Frederick Inc, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Lee, Jeewoo; Chung, Jae-Uk] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Med Chem Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Duan, Dehui; Abeyweera, Thushara P.; Rotenberg, Susan A.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Kim, Young Ho] Digital Biotech, Ansa Si 425839, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. [Young, Howard A.] NCI, NIH, Expt Immunol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Young, Matthew R.; Baker, Alyson; Colburn, Nancy H.] NCI, NIH, Lab Canc Prevent, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Haimovitz-Friedman, Adriana; Truman, Jean-Philip] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Med Chem Lab, 376 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@mail.nih.gov RI Kim, Young Ho/J-5414-2012; Sigano, Dina/M-6144-2014; OI Sigano, Dina/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIH; National Cancer Institute; Center for Career Research; National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400]; Ministry of Health and Welfare [A020601]; NIH [CA105125-02, CA125632]; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [Y1-DA6002] FX This paper is dedicated to Dr. John S. Driscoll, former Chief of the Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry at NCI. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Career Research, and in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. under contract N01-CO-12400. The coment of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was also supported in part by the Korea Health 21 R&D Grant (A020601) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, by NIH Grant RO1 no. CA105125-02 to A.H.-F. and by NIH CA125632 to S.A.R. X-ray crystallographic Studies were Supported in part under contract Y1-DA6002 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD SEP 11 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 17 BP 5198 EP 5220 DI 10.1021/jm8001907 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 345ET UT WOS:000258979600004 PM 18698758 ER PT J AU Ferrante, RF Moore, MH Spiliotis, MM Hudson, RL AF Ferrante, Robert F. Moore, Marla H. Spiliotis, Morgan M. Hudson, Reggie L. TI Formation of interstellar OCS: Radiation chemistry and IR spectra of precursor ices SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : molecules; methods : laboratory; techniques : spectroscopic ID CARBONYL SULFIDE OCS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HOT CORES; WATER ICE; SO2; ABSORPTION; MATRICES; W33A; H2S; MOLECULES AB Extensive experimental studies have been performed on the solid-state formation of the OCS molecule in proton-irradiated water-free and water-dominated ices containing CO or CO(2) as the carbon source and H(2)S or SO(2) as the sulfur source. In each case OCS is readily formed. Production efficiency follows the trends CO > CO(2) and H(2)S > SO(2) as C, O- and S-sources, respectively. In water-dominated ices, OCS production appears to be enhanced for CO : H(2)S reactants. The mechanism of formation of OCS appears to be the reaction of CO with free S atoms produced by fragmentation of the sulfur parent species. While OCS is readily formed by irradiation, it is also the most easily destroyed on continued exposure. In H(2)O-dominated ices the half-life of H(2)S, SO(2), and OCS is similar to 2 eV molecule(-1), corresponding to similar to 7 million years in a cold dense interstellar cloud environment processed by cosmic-ray protons. The spectral profile of the v(3) band of OCS is highly dependent on temperature and ice composition, and changes with radiation processing. These effects can be used in theoretical modeling of interstellar infrared (IR) spectra; a laboratory spectrum of irradiated H(2)O : CO : H(2)S, warmed to 50 K, provides a good fit to the 2040 cm(-1) feature in the W33A spectrum. The identification of OCS in CO(2)-dominated ices provides a further challenge, due to the overlap of the OCS band with that of CO(3) formed from irradiation of the host ice. The two features can be unraveled by a curve-fitting procedure. It is the width of the 2040 cm(-1) band that will help observers determine if features identified in CO(2)-rich ices are due to OCS or to CO(3). C1 [Ferrante, Robert F.; Spiliotis, Morgan M.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Moore, Marla H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hudson, Reggie L.] Eckerd Coll, Dept Chem, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. RP Ferrante, RF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Hudson, Reggie/E-2335-2012 FU NASA [NNG 05-GJ46G]; Office of Naval Research [N0001407WR20077] FX The authors acknowledge support through The Goddard Center for Astrobiology, and NASA's Planetary Atmospheres, Outer Planets, and Planetary Geology and Geophysics programs. In addition, we thank Steve Brown, Claude Smith, and Eugene Gerashchenko, members of the Radiation Laboratory at NASA Goddard, for operation of the accelerator. R. L. H. acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNG 05-GJ46G. M. M. S. gratefully acknowledges the Office of Naval Research for partial support of this work on funding document N0001407WR20077. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1210 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/590362 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000032 ER PT J AU Manchester, WB Vourlidas, A Toth, G Lugaz, N Roussev, II Sokolov, IV Gombosi, TI De Zeeuw, DL Opher, M AF Manchester, Ward B. Vourlidas, Angelos Toth, Gabor Lugaz, Noe Roussev, Ilia I. Sokolov, Igor V. Gombosi, Tamas I. De Zeeuw, Darren L. Opher, Merav TI Three-dimensional MHD simulation of the 2003 October 28 coronal mass ejection: Comparison with LASCO coronagraph observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; shock waves; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SPACE WEATHER EVENT; FLUX ROPE MODEL; SOLAR-WIND; IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ALFVEN WAVES; LARGE-ANGLE; SHOCK-WAVE; SHEAR; FLARES; SCHEME AB We numerically model the coronal mass ejection (CME) event of 2003 October 28 that erupted from AR 10486 and propagated to Earth in less than 20 hr, causing severe geomagnetic storms. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is formulated by first arriving at a steady state corona and solar wind employing synoptic magnetograms. We initiate two CMEs from the same active region, one approximately a day earlier that preconditions the solar wind for the much faster CME on the 28th. This second CME travels through the corona at a rate of over 2500 km s(-1), driving a strong forward shock. We clearly identify this shock in an image produced by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C3 and reproduce the shock and its appearance in synthetic white-light images from the simulation. We find excellent agreement with both the general morphology and the quantitative brightness of the model CME with LASCO observations. These results demonstrate that the CME shape is largely determined by its interaction with the ambient solar wind and may not be sensitive to the initiation process. We then show how the CME would appear as observed by wide-angle coronagraphs on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. We find complex time evolution of the white-light images as a result of the way in which the density structures pass through the Thomson sphere. The simulation is performed with the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF). C1 [Manchester, Ward B.; Sokolov, Igor V.; Gombosi, Tamas I.; De Zeeuw, Darren L.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vourlidas, Angelos] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lugaz, Noe; Roussev, Ilia I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Opher, Merav] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Manchester, WB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; De Zeeuw, Darren/F-3667-2011; Manchester, Ward/I-9422-2012; Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013 OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469 FU NASA AISRP [NNG04GP89G]; NASA STEREO [NAS5-3131]; NSF ITR [ATM-0325332]; DoD MURI [F49620-01-10359]; LWS [NNX06AC36G]; Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA) [T047042]; NASA [SMD1-Dec04-0099] FX This work has been supported in part by NASA AISRP grant NNG04GP89G, NASA STEREO grant NAS5-3131, NSF ITR project ATM-0325332, and by DoD MURI grant F49620-01-10359. W. M. and M. O. are thankful for support provided by LWS grant NNX06AC36G. G. T. has been partially supported by the Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA grant T047042). We acknowledge the use of data from the SOHOC 2 and C3 coronagraphs. We gratefully acknowledge the supercomputing resources provided by NASA's Columbia system under award SMD1-Dec04-0099 (OTKA grant T047042). NR 52 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1448 EP 1460 DI 10.1086/590231 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000055 ER PT J AU Lugaz, N Vourlidas, A Roussev, II Jacobs, C Manchester, WB Cohen, O AF Lugaz, N. Vourlidas, A. Roussev, I. I. Jacobs, C. Manchester, W. B. Cohen, O. TI The brightness of density structures at large solar elongation angles: What is being observed by STEREO SECCHI? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MHD; scattering; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; WIND; EARTH; SIMULATIONS; MISSION; IMAGES; MODEL; CMES AB We discuss features of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that are specific to heliospheric observations at large elongation angles. Our analysis is focused on a series of two eruptions that occurred on 2007 January 24-25, which were tracked by the Heliospheric Imagers (HIs) on board STEREO. Using a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic simulation of these ejections with the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), we illustrate how the combination of the 3D nature of CMEs, solar rotation, and geometry associated with the Thomson sphere results in complex effects in the brightness observed by the HIs. Our results demonstrate that these effects make any in-depth analysis of CME observations without 3D simulations challenging. In particular, the association of bright features seen by the HIs with fronts of CME-driven shocks is far from trivial. In this Letter, we argue that, on 2007 January 26, the HIs observed not only two CMEs, but also a dense corotating stream compressed by the CME-driven shocks. C1 [Lugaz, N.; Roussev, I. I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jacobs, C.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Plasma Astrofys, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Manchester, W. B.; Cohen, O.] Univ Michigan, Dept AOSS, Ann Arbor, MI 48198 USA. RP Lugaz, N (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nlugaz@ifa.hawaii.edu; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; iroussev@ifa.hawaii.edu; carla.jacobs@wis.kuleuven.be; chipm@umich.edu; oferc@umich.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Manchester, Ward/I-9422-2012; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 FU NSF [ATM 06-39335, ATM 08-19653]; NASA [NNX07AC13G, NNX08AQ16G, NNX06AC36G] FX The simulation reported here was carried out on a dedicated cluster of the solar group at the IfA. The research for this manuscript was supported by NSF grants ATM 06-39335 and ATM 08-19653 and NASA grants NNX07AC13G and NNX08AQ16G. W. M. was supported by NASA grant NNX06AC36G. We would like to thank the reviewer for helping us improve and clarify this Letter. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and U. Bham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). SOLIS data were obtained from NSO. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/592217 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345RS UT WOS:000259014700014 ER PT J AU Voorhees, A Dong, P Atsavapranee, P Benaroya, H Wei, T AF Voorhees, A. Dong, P. Atsavapranee, P. Benaroya, H. Wei, T. TI Beating of a circular cylinder mounted as an inverted pendulum SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX-INDUCED-VIBRATIONS; LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS; FREE-SURFACE; SOLID WALL; WAKE; TURBULENCE; FLOW; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; UNIFORM AB This paper contains temporally and spatially resolved flow visualization and DPIV measurements characterizing the frequency-amplitude response and three-dimensional vortex structure of a circular cylinder mounted like an inverted pendulum. Two circular cylinders were examined in this investigation. Both were 2.54 cm in diameter and similar to 140cm long with low mass ratios, m* = 0.65 and 1.90, and mass-damping ratios, m*zeta = 0.038 and 0.103, respectively. Frequency-amplitude response analysis was done with the lighter cylinder while detailed wake structure visualization and measurements were done using the slightly higher-mass-ratio cylinder. Experiments were conducted over the Reynolds number range 1900 <= Re <= 6800 corresponding to a reduced velocity range of 3.7 <= U* <= 9.6. Detailed examination of the upper branch of the synchronization regime permitted, for the first time, the identification of short-time deviations in cylinder oscillation and vortex-shedding frequencies that give rise to beating behaviour. That is, while long-time averages of cylinder oscillation and vortex-shedding frequencies are identical, i.e. synchronized, it is shown that there is a slight mismatch between these frequencies over much shorter periods when the cylinder exhibits quasi-periodic beating. Data are also presented which show that vortex strength is also modulated from one cylinder oscillation to the next. Physical arguments are presented to explain both the origins of beating as well as why the quasi-periodicity of the beating envelopes becomes irregular; it is believed that this result may be generalized to a broader class of fluid-structure interactions. In addition, observations of strong vertical flows associated with the Karman vortices developing 2-3 diameters downstream of the cylinder are presented. It is hypothesized that these three-dimensionalities result from both the inverted pendulum motion as well as free-surface effects. C1 [Voorhees, A.] Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dong, P.; Benaroya, H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Atsavapranee, P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 21218 USA. [Wei, T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Voorhees, A (reprint author), Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 610 BP 217 EP 247 DI 10.1017/S0022112008002383 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 346CM UT WOS:000259046000009 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI Long-range interaction and elastic collisions of isolated vortices SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID CORE RING 82B; GEOSTROPHIC VORTICES; STRATIFIED FLUID; 2 DIMENSIONS; VORTEX; EDDIES; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; MODEL AB This study explores the interaction of two nearly axisymmetric two-dimensional vortices using a combination of numerical Simulations and analytical arguments. We consider isolated or 'shielded' eddies, characterized by zero net vorticity. The ability of such vortices to propagate and interact is associated with the small dipolar component that is introduced initially. Numerical contour dynamics experiments indicate that the interaction of shielded eddies takes one of two forms, depending on their initial separation and on the relative orientation of their dipolar components. Eddies call influence each other by remotely modifying the dipolar moments of partner vortices, an effect manifested in a gentle deflection of their trajectories from a straight course. Strong interactions occur when eddies collide and rebound. The remote interaction is explained by weakly nonlinear theory in which the basic state consists of identical circularly symmetric eddies and the perturbation is assumed to be small. It is argued that the elastic rebounds observed during direct collisions are induced by the exchange of fluid between colliding vortices. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 610 BP 285 EP 310 DI 10.1017/S0022112008002632 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 346CM UT WOS:000259046000012 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. TI Breaking wave contribution to low grazing angle radar backscatter from the ocean surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AFFECTING MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; SEA SPIKES; WIND; DEPENDENCE; MODERATE; RETURN; MODEL; SCATTERING; SCALE AB The anomaly of radar sea spikes, defined here as the non-Bragg scattering events with backscattering cross-section of horizontal polarization exceeding that of the vertical polarization, has been associated with steep wave features possibly going through wave-breaking process, with or without whitecap manifestation. This property is exploited for using a dual polarized radar as a remote sensing breaking wave detector. Field data collected in the ocean covering wind speeds from 7 to 15 m/s, grazing angles from 1.4 to 5.5 degrees, and with different levels of background swell influence are analyzed to quantify the radar cross-section and Doppler velocity from sea surfaces with and without wave breaking. Key results of the breaking effects are increasing significantly the Doppler velocity of both polarizations (about 50% faster), enhancing the horizontally polarized backscattering cross-section drastically (with 10-15 dB increase), and producing relatively small change in the vertically polarized cross-section (about 1-2 dB increase). The presence of swell (in the same direction of wind waves) reduces both the radar backscatter and the impact of breaking waves on radar return. By inference, the swell presence decreases the ocean surface roughness and breaking activity. These results are consistent with earlier in-situ surface wave measurements and our expectation of swell modification of breaking process due to interaction of short waves and the orbital velocity of long swell. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; mark.sletton@nrl.navy.mil; jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [61153N]; NRL [NRL/JA/7260-08-0035] FX We are grateful to the insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL work units 8027 and 8953 and program element 61153N; NRL contribution number NRL/JA/7260-08-0035). NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C9 AR C09017 DI 10.1029/2008JC004752 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 348HM UT WOS:000259201600003 ER PT J AU Picone, JM AF Picone, J. M. TI Influence of systematic error on least squares retrieval of upper atmospheric parameters from the ultraviolet airglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; REMOTE; DAYGLOW AB This paper investigates the effect of simple systematic error, or bias (i.e., in the magnitude of data or an associated model), on physical parameters retrieved by least squares algorithms from observations that are indexed by an independent variable. This factor is now of critical interest with the advent of global, space-based ultraviolet remote sensing of thermospheric and ionospheric composition by experimental and operational systems. A finite bias between an observed intensity profile and the parametric physical model used to compute a least squares solution will contaminate the values of retrieved physical parameters. The simplest mitigation method is to retrieve an additional bias adjustment parameter (additive or multiplicative) as part of the solution. The result is a measurably superior fit. The utility of this approach can depend on the particular spectral feature of interest. The discussion includes derivation of relevant equations and diagnostic tests. An illustrative application concerns recent observations of the dayside O II 834 angstrom airglow, which contains information on O+, the dominant ion in the ionospheric F region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picone, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM picone@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Meteorological Satellite Program [O II 834] FX The author gratefully acknowledges the efforts of the reviewers to contend with the original manuscript; one of the reviewers expended considerable effort in helping the author to clarify the text. The same reviewer suggested the simple example in Appendix D, which resulted in generalizing the bias mitigation strategy one step further. The author greatly appreciates the patience and constructive comments of R. Meier, A. Stephan, D. Drob, J. Emmert, A. Christensen, K. Dymond, C. Coker, P. Walker, S. McDonald, P. Straus, and J. Hecht. The Office of Naval Research supported this work. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program shared support of the original O II 834 angstrom intensity model and the processing and calibration of the DMSP F16 data set, including the sample limb intensity profile in the figures and table. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A9 AR A09306 DI 10.1029/2007JA012831 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 348IG UT WOS:000259203600002 ER PT J AU Anisha, R Jin, N Chung, SY Yu, RH Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Anisha, R. Jin, Niu Chung, Sung-Yong Yu, Ronghua Berger, Paul R. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Strain engineered Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes with outside barriers grown on Si(0.8)Ge(0.2) virtual substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; OPERATION; PEAK AB Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) grown on commercially available Si(0.8)Ge(0.2) virtual substrates were studied. Peak-to-valley current ratios (PVCRs) were improved by utilizing strain induced band offsets to 3.5 with a peak current density (J(p)) of 161 A/cm(2). More specifically, a tensilely strained Si layer on the p-side and a compressively strained Si(0.5)Ge(0.5) layer on the n-side were added to the design to form enhanced potential barriers away from the tunneling junction. The outside barriers deepen the respective hole and electron quantum wells and also block nonresonant tunneling current, which improved the PVCR significantly. However, due to the large surface roughness of the SiGe virtual substrates used in this study, the RITDs grown on Si(0.8)Ge(0.2) substrates exhibit a smaller PVCR overall than RITDs optimized on standard Si substrates. Better performance is expected by using higher quality SiGe substrates with smaller surface roughness. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Yu, Ronghua; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Anisha, R.; Jin, Niu; Chung, Sung-Yong; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0103248, ECS-0323657]; Office of Naval Research FX The Ohio State University was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0103248 and ECS-0323657). The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 10 AR 102113 DI 10.1063/1.2981211 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 356SD UT WOS:000259797000049 ER PT J AU Picard, YN McDonald, JP Friedmann, TA Yalisove, SM Adams, DP AF Picard, Yoosuf N. McDonald, Joel P. Friedmann, Thomas A. Yalisove, Steven M. Adams, David P. TI Nanosecond laser induced ignition thresholds and reaction velocities of energetic bimetallic nanolaminates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; MULTILAYER FILMS; PROPAGATION; FOILS AB Thresholds for optically igniting self-propagating reactions are quantified for energetic Ni/Ti, Co/Al, and Al/Pt nanolaminates, where smaller enthalpy material pairs required larger laser ignition fluences. The threshold fluences (J/cm(2)) for ignition by 30 ns laser pulses focused to similar to 8 mu m spot size varied from 720 to 15 000 J/cm(2) for Ni/Ti, 8.6 to 380 J/cm(2) for Co/Al, and 3.2 to 27 J/cm(2) for Al/Pt. Conversely, smaller enthalpy nanolaminates exhibited reduced steady-state propagation speeds ranging from 0.05 to 0.9 m/s for Ni/Ti, 0.6 to 8.5 m/s for Co/Al, and 24 to 73 m/s for Al/Pt. Increasing the laser spot diameter tenfold reduced the ignition threshold fluence by as much as two orders of magnitude. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Yalisove, Steven M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McDonald, Joel P.; Friedmann, Thomas A.; Adams, David P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil; dpadams@sandia.gov OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 FU NSF [DMR03070400]; MURI/AFOSR [A955005-1-0416]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by the NSF (Grant No. DMR03070400) and the MURI/AFOSR (Grant No. A955005-1-0416). We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of E. Jones, Jr., V. C. Hodges, and D. Wackerbarth. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 10 AR 104104 DI 10.1063/1.2981570 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 356SD UT WOS:000259797000118 ER PT J AU Cybulsk, RJ Sanza, P McDaniel, D Darnell, S Bull, RL O'Brien, AD AF Cybulsk, Robert J., Jr. Sanza, Patrick McDaniel, Dennis Darnell, Steve Bull, Robert L. O'Brien, Alison D. TI Recombinant Bacillus anthracis spore proteins enhance protection of mice primed with suboptimal amounts of protective antigen SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; spore; exosporium; vaccine ID IN-VITRO CORRELATE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; GUINEA-PIGS; MACROPHAGE INTERACTIONS; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; RHESUS MACAQUES; VACCINE; EXOSPORIUM; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY AB Inactivated Bacillus anthracis spores given with protective antigen (PA) contribute to immunity against anthrax in several animal models. Antiserum raised against whole irradiated B. anthracis spores has been shown to have anti-germination and opsonic activities in vitro. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that surface-exposed spore proteins might serve as Supplemental components of a PA-based anthrax vaccine. The Protective anti-spore serum was tested for reactivity with recombinant forms of 30 proteins known, or believed to be, present within the B. anthracis exosporium. Eleven of those proteins were reactive with this antiserum, and, subsequently a subset of this group was used to generate rabbit polyclonal antibodies. These sera were evaluated for recognition of the immunogens on intact spores generated from Sterne strain, as well as from an isogenic Mutant lacking the spore surface protein Bacillus collagen-like antigen (BclA). The data were consistent with the notion that the antigens in question were located beneath BclA on the basal surface of the exosporium. A/J mice immunized with either the here-to-for hypothetical protein p5303 or the structural protein BxpB, each in combination with subprotective levels of PA, showed enhanced protection against subcutaneous spore challenge. While neither anti-BxpB or anti-p5303 antibodies reduced the rate of spore germination in vitro, both caused increased uptake and lead to a higher rate of destruction by phagocytic cells. We conclude that by facilitating More efficient phagocytic clearance Of Spores, antibodies against individual exosporium components can contribute to protection against B. anthracis infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cybulsk, Robert J., Jr.; Sanza, Patrick; McDaniel, Dennis; Darnell, Steve; O'Brien, Alison D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bull, Robert L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP O'Brien, AD (reprint author), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aobrien@usuhs.mil OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU NIH/NIAID Middle Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence [U54 AI057168]; United States Navy [G173HS]; United States Army Long-Term Health Education and Training Program FX We thank Dr. Cara Olson for expert statistical analysis, Mr. Michael Flora for primer synthesis and DNA sequencing, Dr, Jill Czarnecki for polyclonal antibody generation, and Dr. Trupti Brahmbhatt for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIH/NIAID Middle Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence grant U54 AI057168 and research funds from the United States Navy through Uniformed Services University grant # G173HS. Special thanks also to the United States Army Long-Term Health Education and Training Program for support of one of us (R. Cybulski). The opinions and assertions in this paper are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy or the Department of Defense. This research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act. All animal use protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Uniformed Services University. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 38 BP 4927 EP 4939 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.015 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 356BC UT WOS:000259752700009 PM 18657585 ER PT J AU Fried, A Olson, JR Walega, JG Crawford, JH Chen, G Weibring, P Richter, D Roller, C Tittel, F Porter, M Fuelberg, H Halland, J Bertram, TH Cohen, RC Pickering, K Heikes, BG Snow, JA Shen, HW O'Sullivan, DW Brune, WH Ren, XR Blake, DR Blake, N Sachse, G Diskin, GS Podolske, J Vay, SA Shetter, RE Hall, SR Anderson, BE Thornhill, L Clarke, AD McNaughton, CS Singh, HB Avery, MA Huey, G Kim, S Millet, DB AF Fried, Alan Olson, Jennifer R. Walega, James G. Crawford, Jim H. Chen, Gao Weibring, Petter Richter, Dirk Roller, Chad Tittel, Frank Porter, Michael Fuelberg, Henry Halland, Jeremy Bertram, Timothy H. Cohen, Ronald C. Pickering, Kenneth Heikes, Brian G. Snow, Julie A. Shen, Haiwei O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Brune, William H. Ren, Xinrong Blake, Donald R. Blake, Nicola Sachse, Glen Diskin, Glenn S. Podolske, James Vay, Stephanie A. Shetter, Richard E. Hall, Samuel R. Anderson, Bruce E. Thornhill, Lee Clarke, Antony D. McNaughton, Cameron S. Singh, Hanwant B. Avery, Melody A. Huey, Gregory Kim, Saewung Millet, Dylan B. TI Role of convection in redistributing formaldehyde to the upper troposphere over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; UNITED-STATES; HOX; CHEMISTRY; TRACE; PEROXIDES; INJECTION; NASHVILLE; RADICALS; IMPACT AB Measurements of formaldehyde (CH2O) from a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) were acquired onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the summer 2004 INTEX-NA campaign to test our understanding of convection and CH2O production mechanisms in the upper troposphere ( UT, 6-12 km) over continental North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. The present study utilizes these TDLAS measurements and results from a box model to ( 1) establish sets of conditions by which to distinguish "background'' UT CH2O levels from those perturbed by convection and other causes; ( 2) quantify the CH2O precursor budgets for both air mass types; (3) quantify the fraction of time that the UT CH2O measurements over North America and North Atlantic are perturbed during the summer of 2004; ( 4) provide estimates for the fraction of time that such perturbed CH2O levels are caused by direct convection of boundary layer CH2O and/or convection of CH2O precursors; ( 5) assess the ability of box models to reproduce the CH2O measurements; and ( 6) examine CH2O and HO2 relationships in the presence of enhanced NO. Multiple tracers were used to arrive at a set of UT CH2O background and perturbed air mass periods, and 46% of the TDLAS measurements fell within the latter category. In general, production of CH2O from CH4 was found to be the dominant source term, even in perturbed air masses. This was followed by production from methyl hydroperoxide, methanol, PAN-type compounds, and ketones, in descending order of their contribution. At least 70% to 73% of the elevated UT observations were caused by enhanced production from CH2O precursors rather than direct transport of CH2O from the boundary layer. In the presence of elevated NO, there was a definite trend in the CH2O measurement-model discrepancy, and this was highly correlated with HO2 measurement - model discrepancies in the UT. C1 [Fried, Alan; Walega, James G.; Weibring, Petter; Richter, Dirk] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Olson, Jennifer R.; Crawford, Jim H.; Chen, Gao; Sachse, Glen; Diskin, Glenn S.; Vay, Stephanie A.; Anderson, Bruce E.; Thornhill, Lee; Avery, Melody A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Roller, Chad] Ekips Technol Inc, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tittel, Frank] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Porter, Michael; Fuelberg, Henry; Halland, Jeremy] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bertram, Timothy H.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heikes, Brian G.; Shen, Haiwei] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Snow, Julie A.] Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brune, William H.; Ren, Xinrong] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Podolske, James; Singh, Hanwant B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Blake, Nicola] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Shetter, Richard E.; Hall, Samuel R.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Clarke, Antony D.; McNaughton, Cameron S.] Univ Hawaii, Manoa, HI USA. [Huey, Gregory; Kim, Saewung] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlantic, GA 30332 USA. [Millet, Dylan B.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bertram, Timothy H.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM fried@ucar.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Ren, Xinrong/B-2229-2010; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment. The authors specifically wish to acknowledge the NASA DC-8 staff and crew for all their valuable support and assistance and Mary Barth, Chris Cantrell, and John Orlando at NCAR for valuable discussions. The GEOS- Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling group at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D17 AR D17306 DI 10.1029/2007JD009760 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345MH UT WOS:000259000400004 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Rich, F Keskinen, MJ Sheehan, RE Coster, AJ AF Basu, Su. Basu, S. Makela, J. J. MacKenzie, E. Doherty, P. Wright, J. W. Rich, F. Keskinen, M. J. Sheehan, R. E. Coster, A. J. TI Large magnetic storm-induced nighttime ionospheric flows at midlatitudes and their impacts on GPS-based navigation systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL OVAL; SCINTILLATIONS; INSTABILITY; DENSITY; IRREGULARITIES; ZONE; SAPS AB Analysis of GPS phase fluctuations in conjunction with regional total electron content (TEC) maps, in situ measurements of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and auroral convection from several Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft, and dynasonde measurements at the Bear Lake Observatory obtained during the intense magnetic storm of 7-8 November 2004 have indicated the serious impact of large ionospheric velocities on GPS-based navigation systems within the midlatitude region in the North American sector. The major difference between this superstorm and the others observed during the earlier October-November 2003 events is the absence of appreciable storm-enhanced density gradients, with the midlatitude region being enveloped by either the auroral oval or the ionospheric trough within which the SAPS were confined during the local dusk to nighttime hours. This shows that it is possible to disable GPS-based navigation systems for many hours even in the absence of appreciable TEC gradients, provided an intense flow channel is present in the ionosphere during nighttime hours. The competing effects of irregularity amplitude Delta N/N, the background F region density, and the magnitude of SAPS or auroral convection are discussed in establishing the extent of the region of impact on such systems. C1 [Basu, Su.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Basu, S.; MacKenzie, E.; Doherty, P.; Sheehan, R. E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Makela, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wright, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rich, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Keskinen, M. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coster, A. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sbasu@bu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0218206]; ONR [N00014-03-1-0593]; Boston College [2311AS]; NRL [N00173-05-G904] FX We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University for making available the SYM-H data. F. T. Berkey kindly made available the dynasonde data; the data collection was supported by NSF grant ATM-0218206. Su. Basu was supported by ONR grant N00014-03-1-0593. The work at Boston College was partially supported by AFOSR Task 2311AS. The work at the University of Illinois was partially supported by NRL grant N00173-05-G904. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00A06 DI 10.1029/2008JA013076 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345NS UT WOS:000259004100001 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Schall, JD Knippenberg, MT Gao, GT Mikulski, PT AF Harrison, Judith A. Schall, J. David Knippenberg, M. Todd Gao, Guangtu Mikulski, Paul T. TI Elucidating atomic-scale friction using molecular dynamics and specialized analysis techniques SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SI-H SYSTEMS; CARBON COATINGS; STATIC FRICTION; DIAMOND FILMS; SURFACES; MODEL; SILICON; POLYMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Because all quantities associated with a given atom are known as a function of time, molecular dynamics simulations can provide unparalleled insight into dynamic processes. Many quantities calculated from simulations can be directly compared to experimental values, while others provide information not available from experiment. For example, the tilt and methyl angles of chains within a self- assembled monolayer and the amount of hydrogen in a diamond- like carbon ( DLC) film are measurable in an experiment. In contrast, the atomic contact force on a single substrate atom, i. e., the force on that atom due to the tip atoms only, and the changes in hybridization of a carbon atom within a DLC film during sliding are not quantities that are currently obtainable from experiments. Herein, the computation of many quantities, including the ones discussed above, and the unique insights that they provided into compression, friction, and wear are discussed. C1 [Harrison, Judith A.; Schall, J. David; Knippenberg, M. Todd; Gao, Guangtu] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 FU The Air Force of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [F1ATA07351G001, F1ATA08018G001]; The Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001408WR20106]; ONR; AFOSR FX JDS and Gao acknowledge support from The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contracts F1ATA07351G001 and F1ATA08018G001 ( Extreme Friction MURI), respectively. PTM and MTK acknowledge support from the The Office of Naval Research (ONR) under contract N0001408WR20106. JAH acknowledges support from both ONR and AFOSR. NR 64 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 35 AR 354009 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/35/354009 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 337GF UT WOS:000258422800011 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Moore, MH Ratna, BR AF Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Moore, Martin H. Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Quantum dot fluorescence as a function of alkyl chain length in aqueous environments SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; MONOLAYERS; LIGANDS; PROTEIN; LABELS; CELLS AB In this work, we examine the dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield of water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the local environment. The hydrophobicity of the local environment was modified by using different alkyl chain lengths in a set of oligo-ethylene glycols. Our results show that the quantum yield of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots C is highest for the longest alkyl chain length. suggesting that a more hydrophobic environment is beneficial for generating bright, water-soluble quantum dots. C1 [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Moore, Martin H.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 17 BP 9194 EP 9197 DI 10.1021/la800932b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 341NV UT WOS:000258722100003 PM 18683956 ER PT J AU Convey, C Fredricks, A Gagner, C Maxwell, D Hamel, L AF Convey, Christian Fredricks, Andrew Gagner, Christopher Maxwell, Douglas Hamel, Lutz TI Experience report: Erlang in acoustic ray tracing SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP ACM SIGPLAN DE design; performance; acoustic ray tracing; C plus; Erlang AB We investigated the relative merits of C++ and Erlang in the implementation of a parallel acoustic ray tracing algorithm for the U. S. Navy. We found a much smaller learning curve and better debugging environment for parallel Erlang than for pthreads-based C++ programming. Our C++ implementation outperformed the Erlang program by at least 12x. Attempts to use Erlang on the IBM Cell BE microprocessor were frustrated by Erlang's memory footprint. C1 [Convey, Christian; Fredricks, Andrew; Gagner, Christopher; Maxwell, Douglas] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Hamel, Lutz] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Convey, C (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. EM conveycj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; fredricksaj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; gagnercw@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; maxwelldb@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; hamel@cs.uri.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 9 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1145/1411203.1411223 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 351PP UT WOS:000259436700013 ER PT J AU Parade, CS Cooper, KP AF Parade, C. S. Cooper, K. P. TI Self-similar grain size distribution in two dimensions: Analytical solution SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain size distribution; Grain growth; Stochastic model ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; GROWTH; BOUNDARIES AB Consideration of the physics and topology of two-dimensional grain growth suggests that a stochastic treatment is required to determine grain size distribution [Parade CS. Acta Metall 1987;35:2671]. In this paper, a size-based continuum stochastic formulation is presented based on topological considerations. As expected, this analysis leads to a Fokker-Planck equation for the size distribution, which should yield a unique self-similar asymptotic state that could be reached from any arbitrary initial state. The approximate solution of the Fokker-Planck equation presented here is limited to two dimensions and is based on the assumption of quasi-stationary distributions reached in the long time limit. The resulting grain size distribution is shown to be in agreement with that obtained from computer simulations, indicating the validity of the stochastic approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Parade, C. S.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350,9555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cooper@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to Dr. Robert A. Masumura for his substantial contributions to this work. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4200 EP 4205 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.054 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300007 ER PT J AU Sylwester, B Sylwester, J Phillips, KJH Landi, E AF Sylwester, B. Sylwester, J. Phillips, K. J. H. Landi, E. TI He-like Ar XVII triplet observed by RESIK SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar physics; X-ray flares; spectroscopic plasma diagnostic ID FLARE ABUNDANCES; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA; LINES; SI AB We present the observations of He-like Ar triplet lines obtained by RESIK spectrometer aboard CORONAS-F. Interpretation of intensity ratios between triplet lines of lower Z elements is known to provide useful diagnostics of plasma conditions within the emitting source. Here, we investigate whether triplet line ratios are useful for interpretation of higher Z element spectra. A high sensitivity, low background and precise absolute calibration of RESIK allow to consider in addition also the continuum contribution. This provides a way to determine the Ar absolute abundance from the observed triplet component ratios. The method is presented and the results are shown for two selected flares. Derived values of Ar absolute abundance for these flares are found to be similar: 2.6 x 10(-6) and 2.9 x 10(-6). They fall in the range between presently accepted Ar photospheric and coronal abundances. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Sylwester, B.; Sylwester, J.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Phillips, K. J. H.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey, England. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Sylwester, B (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM bs@cbk.pan.wroc.pl RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.060 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331YU UT WOS:000258049400005 ER PT J AU Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Landi, E Phillips, KJH Kuznetsov, VD AF Sylwester, J. Sylwester, B. Landi, E. Phillips, K. J. H. Kuznetsov, V. D. TI Determination of K, Ar, Cl, S, Si and Al flare abundances from RESIK soft X-ray spectra SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar physics; X-ray flares; spectroscopy; abundances ID EMISSION; CHIANTI AB The RESIK is a high sensitivity, uncollimated bent crystal spectrometer which successfully operated aboard Russian CORONAS-F solar mission between 2001 and 2003. It measured for the first time in a systematic way solar soft X-ray spectra in the four wavelength channels from 3.3 angstrom to 6.1 angstrom. This range includes characteristic strong lines of H- and He-like ions of K, Ar, Cl, Si, S and Al in the respective spectral channels. A distinguishing feature of RESIK is its possibility of making reliable measurements of the continuum radiation in flares. Interpretation of line and the continuum intensities observed in vicinity of respective strong lines provides diagnostics of plasma temperature and absolute abundances of K, Ar, Cl, S, Si and Al in several flares. We analyzed the observed intensities of spectral lines and the nearby continuum using the CHIANTI v5.2 atomic data package. A specific, so-called "locally isothermal" approach has been used in this respect allowing us to make not only flare-averaged abundance estimates, but also to look into a possible variability of plasma composition during the course of flares. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sylwester, J.; Sylwester, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Phillips, K. J. H.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. [Kuznetsov, V. D.] Russian Acad Sci, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russia. RP Sylwester, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM js@cbk.pan.wroc.pl RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 838 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.060 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331YU UT WOS:000258049400006 ER PT J AU Platzer, MF Jones, KD Young, J Lai, JCS AF Platzer, Max F. Jones, Kevin D. Young, John Lai, Joseph C. S. TI Flapping-wing aerodynamics: Progress and challenges SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; ZERO FREESTREAM VELOCITY; PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY; THRUST GENERATION; PLUNGING AIRFOIL; OSCILLATING AIRFOIL; FLOW STRUCTURES; VISCOUS-FLOW AB It is the objective of this paper to review recent developments in the understanding and prediction of flapping-wing aerodynamics. To this end, several flapping-wing configurations are considered. First, the problem of single flapping wings is treated with special emphasis on the dependence of thrust, lift, and propulsive efficiency on flapping mode, amplitude, frequency, and wing shape. Second, the problem of hovering flight is studied for single flapping wings. Third, the aerodynamic phenomena and benefits produced by the flapping-wing interactions on tandem wings or biplane configurations are discussed. Such interactions occur on dragonflies or on a recently developed micro air vehicle. The currently available two- and three-dimensional inviscid and viscous flapping-wing flow solutions are presented. It is shown that the results are strongly dependent on flapping frequency, amplitude, and Reynolds number. These findings are substantiated by comparison with the available experimental data. C1 [Platzer, Max F.; Jones, Kevin D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Young, John] Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Aerosp Civil & Mech Engn, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. RP Platzer, MF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Young, John/G-5473-2011; OI Young, John/0000-0002-8671-990X; Lai, Joseph/0000-0002-8946-9993 FU Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing National Facility (APAC-NF) FX Max F. Platzer and Kevin D. Jones gratefully acknowledge the Support of the Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, and the Naval Postgraduate School Internal Research Program. Platzer is also grateful for the support of a UNSW @ ADFA Rector Visiting Fellowship to undertake a portion of this investigation. Navier-Stokes calculations by J. Young and J. C. S. Lai were performed with the Support of a grant under the Merit Allocation Scheme of the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing National Facility (APAC-NF). NR 81 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2136 EP 2149 DI 10.2514/1.29263 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 344JA UT WOS:000258921500003 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W AF Ramamurti, Ravi Sandberg, William TI Computations of insect and fish locomotion with applications to unconventional unmanned vehicles SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLAPPING AQUATIC FLIGHT; AERODYNAMIC MECHANISMS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; BIRD WRASSE; DROSOPHILA; AIRFOILS; FLOW; FIN AB Living creatures such as insects, birds, and fish generate lift and thrust most often by executing large-amplitude wing flapping, possibly with substantial shape deformation from root to tip. The flow for these motions is unsteady, and conventional steady-state aerodynamics is unable to correctly compute the time history of their flapping-force generation. Three-dimensional unsteady computations or flapping about the deforming wing or fin surface are necessary to correctly predict the lift and thrust throughout the flapping cycle. It is only by executing such computations for creatures or vehicles with moving and deforming surfaces that we can gain insights into the time-varying pressure distribution on all surfaces and how that results in flapping-force generation. This can be coupled with visualization or the origination and evolution of body, wing, and wake vorticity. Three-dimensional unsteady flow computations of the flapping flights of the fruit fly, a pectoral-fin swimmer (the bird wrasse), and a variety of unmanned air vehicles were carried out in pursuit of this information. The performance of these flapping wings under gust conditions was also investigated. The effect of fin deformation on the force production was studied. Novel biomimetic vehicles, incorporating information gained from these computations, were designed and built and their performance is described. C1 [Ramamurti, Ravi; Sandberg, William] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Defense HPC Centers; U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Major Shared Resource Centers [SGI-O2K, NRL SGI-O2K] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Tactical Electronic Warfare Division of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This work was supported in part by it grant of High-Performance Computing (HPC) Center time from the U.S. Department of Defense HPC Centers, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Major Shared Resource Centers SGI-O2K and NRL SGI-O2K. 'File authors Would like to thank Rainald Lohner of George Mason University and J. Kellogg and B. Ratna of NRL for their helpful discussions and assistance throughout the course of this work. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2178 EP 2190 DI 10.2514/1.32826 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 344JA UT WOS:000258921500006 ER PT J AU Darracq, MA Vinson, DR Panacek, EA AF Darracq, Michael A. Vinson, David R. Panacek, Edward A. TI Preservation of active range of motion after acute elbow trauma predicts absence of elbow fracture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OTTAWA ANKLE RULES; FAT PAD SIGN; PROSPECTIVE VALIDATION; SIGNIFICANT INJURY; OCCULT FRACTURE; CHILDREN; RADIOGRAPHY AB Objective: Previous studies indicate that an inability to fully extend the elbow after elbow trauma is indicative of fracture. We hypothesized that maintenance of active range of motion (ROM) of the elbow in flexion, extension, pronation, and supination after elbow trauma is very specific for the absence of fracture or effusion, and limitation of ROM is sensitive for fracture or effusion. Methods: This was a prospective observational study with convenience sampling of a carefully selected patient population. This would allow certain types of patients to be excluded from the study. Patients with elbow injury receiving radiographs and meeting enrollment criteria were enrolled between June 2006 and March 2007 at 4 emergency departments in the local region. Demographics, active ROM, and presence of point tenderness at the olecranon, epicondyles, and radial head were recorded by enrolling clinicians. All enrolled patients received standard elbow radiographs. Radiographs were reviewed by blinded radiologists for the presence of fracture and effusion. Sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of examination findings were calculated. Results: One hundred thirteen patients were enrolled. Limitation of active ROM was 100% (95% CI, 0.93- 1.00) sensitive for fracture or effusion. Preservation of active ROM was 97% (95% CI, 0.89-1.00) specific for the absence of fracture. Point tenderness was also highly sensitive but not specific. Conclusion: Individuals with preservation of active ROM after acute elbow trauma have a very low risk of associated fracture and may not require radiographic studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Darracq, Michael A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Panacek, Edward A.] Univ Calif, Dept Emergency Med, Davis, CA 95824 USA. [Vinson, David R.] Permanente Med Grp Inc, Dept Emergency Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Darracq, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM michael.darracq@med.navy.mil OI Vinson, David/0000-0001-6559-1858 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 7 BP 779 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.005 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 352UF UT WOS:000259522200008 PM 18774042 ER PT J AU Knittel, D Munn, G Simmer, E AF Knittel, Douglas Munn, Gary Simmer, Edward TI Prodromal psychosis as an etiology of suicide - A case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; PHASE AB Suicides without apparent antecedent causes present great difficulties for medical examiners and families alike. A case is presented of a young male suicide victim whose antemortem course did not demonstrate apparent psychopathology to either his family or fellow Students. A journal written by the decedent was found, however, which revealed extensive ruminations on death, depressive symptomatology, and evidence of possible delusions, and hallucinations. We opine that this represents the prodrome of a psychotic process, possibly schizophrenia, and the decedent's suicide was a response to his awareness of his deteriorating mental status. The prodrome of schizophrenia is a well-described entity that manifests as a decline in social and Occupational functioning, along with increasingly bizarre behavior. Prodromal psychosis could represent an explanation for some cases of suicide seemingly without causation. C1 [Knittel, Douglas; Munn, Gary; Simmer, Edward] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Knittel, Douglas] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Munn, G (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM gary.munn@med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181834540 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 341QN UT WOS:000258729800009 PM 18725779 ER PT J AU Acosta, R Riddle, M Veerappan, G May, E Cash, B AF Acosta, Ruben Riddle, Mark Veerappan, Ganesh May, Evan Cash, Brooks TI Miss rates of findings on colonoscopy after computed tomographic colonography (CTC): Correlation with polyp histology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 03-08, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 SU S MA 1384 BP S542 EP S543 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 347MH UT WOS:000259145201372 ER PT J AU Nowrouzzadeh, F Lawson, R Keller, D Albrecht, D Rodriguez, B Snitchler, A Schafer, T Dow, N Kurland, J AF Nowrouzzadeh, Farzad Lawson, Robert Keller, Darren Albrecht, Dan Rodriguez, Benjamin Snitchler, Andrea Schafer, Theodore Dow, Nancy Kurland, Jayde TI Primary stomach and colon signet ring cell carcinoma immunohistochemical staining patterns using CDX2, MUC2 and Muc6 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 03-08, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pensacola, FL USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Naval Hop, Dept Anat Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hosp, DMS, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hosp, Director Clin Support Serv, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 SU S MA 1036 BP S405 EP S406 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 347MH UT WOS:000259145201028 ER PT J AU Bondy, P Grant, T AF Bondy, Peter Grant, Thomas TI Lemierre's syndrome: What are the roles for anticoagulation and long-term antibiotic therapy? SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; anticoagulation; syndrome; thrombosis ID THROMBOPHLEBITIS; THROMBOSIS AB Objectives: We wanted to describe what Lemierre's syndrome is and what risk factors may be involved, and to understand the roles, if any, of antibiotics and anticoagulants in the treatment of this syndrome. Methods: We performed a review of the pertinent literature regarding Lemierre's syndrome, as well as a review of otology, obstetrics and gynecology, and internal medicine literature looking at both anticoagulation and long-term antibiotic treatment for septic thrombosis. Results: The vast majority of patients with Lemierre's syndrome are successfully treated nonsurgically with antibiotics and, often, anticoagulation as well. Surgical intervention is reserved for those cases with persistent showering of septic emboli or continued propagation of the thrombosis. Although anticoagulation is commonly used in other specialties for similar septic thromboses, its role in Lemierre's syndrome is unclear at the present. Conclusions: Because Lemierre's syndrome is so rare, it is difficult to ascertain absolutely the need for either anticoagulation or long-term antibiotic therapy. At this time, the risks and benefits of providing either therapy must be weighed against the potential complications of incompletely treating septic thrombosis. C1 [Bondy, Peter; Grant, Thomas] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bondy, P (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 117 IS 9 BP 679 EP 683 PN 1 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 352MR UT WOS:000259501800009 PM 18834071 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Schaefer, GH Bond, HE Bono, G Karovska, M Nelan, E Sasselov, D Mason, BD AF Evans, Nancy Remage Schaefer, Gail H. Bond, Howard E. Bono, Giuseppe Karovska, Margarita Nelan, Edmund Sasselov, Dimitar Mason, Brian D. TI Direct detection of the close companion of polaris with the hubble space telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : visual; Cepheids; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (Polaris) ID GALACTIC-CEPHEIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; EXTENDED ENVELOPES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; MASS DISCREPANCY; BUMP CEPHEIDS; DELTA-CEPHEI; STAR MODELS; PULSATION AB Polaris, the nearest and brightest classical Cepheid, is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 30 yr. Using the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at a wavelength of similar to 2255 angstrom, we have directly detected the faint companion at a separation of 0 ''.17. A second HST observation 1.04 yr later confirms orbitalmotion in a retrograde direction. By combining our two measures with the spectroscopic orbit of Kamper and an analysis of the Hipparcos and FK5 proper motions by Wielen et al., we find a mass for Polaris Aa of 4.5(-1.4)(+2.2)M(circle dot) -the first purely dynamical mass determined for any Cepheid. For the faint companion Polaris Ab we find a dynamical mass of 1.26(-0.07)(+0.14)M(circle dot), consistent with an inferred spectral type of F6 V and with a flux difference of 5.4 mag observed at 2255 angstrom. The magnitude difference at the V band is estimated to be 7.2 mag. Continued HST observations will significantly reduce the mass errors, which are currently still too large to provide critical constraints on the roles of convective overshoot, mass loss, rotation, and opacities in the evolution of intermediate-mass stars. Our astrometry, combined with two centuries of archival measurements, also confirms that the well-known, more distant (18 '') visual companion, Polaris B, has a nearly common proper motion with that of the Aa, Ab pair. This is consistent with orbital motion in a long-period bound system. The ultraviolet brightness of Polaris B is in accordance with its known F3 V spectral type if it has the same distance as Polaris Aa, Ab. C1 [Evans, Nancy Remage; Karovska, Margarita] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schaefer, Gail H.; Bond, Howard E.; Nelan, Edmund] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bono, Giuseppe] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Bono, Giuseppe] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mason, Brian D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nevans@cfa.harvard.edu; schaefer@chara-array.org; bond@stsci.edu; bono@mporzio.astro.it; nelan@stsci.edu; bdm@usno.navy.mil FU STScI [GO-10593, GO-10891, GO- 11293]; Chandra X-Ray Center NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We are happy to acknowledge financial support from STScI grants GO-10593, GO-10891, and GO- 11293 (N.R. E. and H. E. B.), and Chandra X-Ray Center NASA Contract NAS8-03060 (N. R. E. and M. K.). This research has made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the U. S. Naval Observatory. The contributions of the late Karl Kamper to the study of Polaris were crucial to this work. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1137 EP 1146 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1137 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800022 ER PT J AU Susino, R Ventura, R Spadaro, D Vourlidas, A Landi, E AF Susino, R. Ventura, R. Spadaro, D. Vourlidas, A. Landi, E. TI Physical parameters along the boundaries of a mid-latitude streamer and in its adjacent regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : solar wind; Sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; ANISOTROPIC VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SOLAR MINIMUM CORONA; LYMAN-ALPHA; OUTFLOW VELOCITY; ELECTRON-DENSITY; SLOW WIND; UVCS/SOHO; IONS; ACCELERATION AB Context. Coronal streamers appear to be strictly associated with the generation of the slow solar wind, even if a firm identification of the sources of the particle flux within these structures is still an unresolved issue. Aims. The purpose of this work is to contribute to a better knowledge of the physical characteristics of streamers and of their surroundings in a wide range of heliocentric distances and at both high radial and latitudinal resolutions. Methods. The analysis is based on spectral observations of a narrow, mid-latitude streamer performed with UVCS/ SOHO during one week in May 2004: H I Ly alpha and O VI resonance doublet line intensities and profiles were obtained at different heliocentric distances and latitudes. In addition, white-light polarized brightness images were taken in the same days of observation, through the LASCO/SOHO C2 coronagraph. Results. The radial variations in electron density and temperature, H I and O VI kinetic temperatures, and outflow velocities were derived from the observed line intensities, profiles, and O VI line intensity ratios between 1.6 and 5.0 R(circle dot), in two regions, 2-3 arcmin wide, located along the boundaries and in a narrow strip (5-10 arcmin) outside the streamer structure. Significantly high kinetic temperatures and outflow velocities were found in the out-of-streamer region above 3.0 R(circle dot) for the O VI ions and, for the first time, H I atoms, compared to those obtained along the streamer boundaries. Moreover, the O VI kinetic temperatures and velocities turn out much higher than the H I ones at any heliocentric distance in all the observed regions. A higher anisotropy is also noticed for the O VI kinetic temperature in the region flanking the streamer. Conclusions. The slow coronal wind is found to flow with significantly different speeds and kinetic temperatures along the boundaries of the streamer and in the out-of-streamer regions at all heights, above 3.0-3.5 R(circle dot). This fact, consistent with previous studies, indicates that two components of slow wind probably form in the observed regions: one originates just above the streamer cusp and flows with velocities a little higher than 100 km s(-1), while the other flows along the open magnetic field lines flanking the streamer with velocities slightly lower than the slow wind asymptotic heliospheric value of similar to 400 km s(-1), around 5.0 R(circle dot). C1 [Susino, R.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Sez Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Ventura, R.; Spadaro, D.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Vourlidas, A.; Landi, E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Susino, R (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Sez Astrofis, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM sur@oact.inaf.it; rve@oact.inaf.it; dspadaro@oact.inaf.it; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ventura, Rita/B-7524-2016; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Ventura, Rita/0000-0002-5152-0482; Susino, Roberto/0000-0002-1017-7163; Spadaro, Daniele/0000-0003-3517-8688 FU Agenzia Spaziale Italiana [I/035/05/0]; European Commission [MTRN-CT-2006035484] FX The authors wish to thank Y.-K. Ko for her assistance during UVCS/SOHO observations carried out at NASA GSFC, and R. Suleiman for his help in the preliminary reduction of the UVCS raw data. They also thank the referee for providing very useful comments. This work was supported in part by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (contract I/035/05/0). Financial support by the European Commission through the SOLAIRE Network (MTRN-CT-2006035484) is also gratefully acknowledged. The work of E. Landi is supported by NASA grants. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 1 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809713 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340NL UT WOS:000258652200037 ER PT J AU Vuissoz, C Courbin, F Sluse, D Meylan, G Chantry, V Eulaers, E Morgan, C Eyler, ME Kochanek, CS Coles, J Saha, P Magain, P Falco, EE AF Vuissoz, C. Courbin, F. Sluse, D. Meylan, G. Chantry, V. Eulaers, E. Morgan, C. Eyler, M. E. Kochanek, C. S. Coles, J. Saha, P. Magain, P. Falco, E. E. TI COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational lenses - VII. Time delays and the Hubble constant from WFI J2033-4723 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; cosmology : cosmological parameters; quasars : individual : WFI J2033-4723 ID LENSING GALAXIES; QUASAR; DECONVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; CURVES; IMAGES; RING AB Gravitationally lensed quasars can be used to map the mass distribution in lensing galaxies and to estimate the Hubble constant H(0) by measuring the time delays between the quasar images. Here we report the measurement of two independent time delays in the quadruply imaged quasar WFI J2033-4723 (z = 1.66). Our data consist of R-band images obtained with the Swiss 1.2 m EULER telescope located at La Silla and with the 1.3 m SMARTS telescope located at Cerro Tololo. The light curves have 218 independent epochs spanning 3 full years of monitoring between March 2004 and May 2007, with a mean temporal sampling of one observation every 4th day. We measure the time delays using three different techniques, and we obtain Delta t(B-A) = 35.5 +/- 1.4 days (3.8%) and Delta t(B-C) = 62.6(-2.3)(+4.1) days ((+6.5%)(-3.7%)), where A is a composite of the close, merging image pair. After correcting for the time delays, we find R-band flux ratios of F(A)/F(B) = 2.88 +/- 0.04, F(A)/F(C) = 3.38 +/- 0.06, and F(A1)/F(A2) = 1.37 +/- 0.05 with no evidence for microlensing variability over a time scale of three years. However, these flux ratios do not agree with those measured in the quasar emission lines, suggesting that longer term microlensing is present. Our estimate of H(0) agrees with the concordance value: non-parametric modeling of the lensing galaxy predicts H(0) = 67(-10)(+13) km s(-1) Mpc(-1), while the Single Isothermal Sphere model yields H(0) = 63(-3)(+7) km s(-1) Mpc(-1) (68% confidence level). More complex lens models using a composite de Vaucouleurs plus NFW galaxy mass profile show twisting of the mass isocontours in the lensing galaxy, as do the non-parametric models. As all models also require a significant external shear, this suggests that the lens is a member of the group of galaxies seen in field of view of WFI J2033-4723. C1 [Vuissoz, C.; Courbin, F.; Sluse, D.; Meylan, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Chantry, V.; Eulaers, E.; Magain, P.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Morgan, C.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morgan, C.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morgan, C.; Eyler, M. E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Coles, J.; Saha, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Falco, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Vuissoz, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. EM christel.vuissoz@epfl.ch FU ESA; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [PRODEX 90195]; National Science Foundation [AST-0708082]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX a We would like to thank all the observers at the EULER telescope for the acquisition of these monitoring data. We also thank Profs. G. Burki and M. Mayor for their help in the flexible scheduling of the observing runs, improving the necessary regular temporal sampling. We are very grateful to Prof. A. Blecha and the technical team of the Geneva Observatory for their efficient help with the electronics of the CCD camera. Many thanks also to Sandrine Sohy for her commitment in the programming part of the deconvolution techniques. Finally, we would like to thank Chuck Keeton for his advice on the use of LENSMODEL. This work is supported by ESA and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office under contract PRODEX 90195. C. S. K. is funded by National Science Foundation grant AST-0708082. COSMOGRAIL is financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 2 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809866 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342BT UT WOS:000258760300015 ER PT J AU Tremblay, SE Taylor, GB Helmboldt, JF Fassnacht, CD Pearson, TJ AF Tremblay, S. E. Taylor, G. B. Helmboldt, J. F. Fassnacht, C. D. Pearson, T. J. TI A shrinking compact symmetric object: J11584+2450? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (J11584+2450); galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRUM RADIO-SOURCES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STEEP-SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE; AGES; POLARIMETRY; QUASARS; SCALE; GHZ AB We present multifrequency, multiepoch, Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of J11584+2450. These observations clearly show this source, previously classified as a core jet, to be a compact symmetric object (CSO). Comparisons between these new data and data taken over the last 11 years shows the edge-brightened hot spots retreating toward the core (and slightly to the west) at approximately 0.3c. Whether this motion is strictly apparent or actually physical in nature is discussed, as well as possible explanations, and what implications a physical contraction of J11584+2450 would have for current CSO models. C1 [Tremblay, S. E.; Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Taylor, G. B.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fassnacht, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pearson, T. J.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Tremblay, SE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tremblay@unm.edu; gbtaylor@unm.edu; joe.helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil; fassnacht@solid.physics.ucdavis.edu; tjp@astro.caltech.edu RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012; Tremblay, Steven/C-1617-2013; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015 OI Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1086/590377 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700011 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Sesar, B Juric, M Bond, N Dalcanton, J Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Beers, TC Prieto, CA Wilhelm, R Lee, YS Sivarani, T Norris, JE Bailer-Jones, CAL Fiorentin, PR Schlegel, D Uomoto, A Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Gunn, JE Covey, KR Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Kent, S Finkbeiner, D Munn, JA Pier, JR Quinn, T Hawley, S Anderson, S Kiuchi, F Chen, A Bushong, J Sohi, H Haggard, D Kimball, A Barentine, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, S Lee, B Harris, H Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP York, DG AF Ivezic, Zeljko Sesar, Branimir Juric, Mario Bond, Nicholas Dalcanton, Julianne Rockosi, Constance M. Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi J. Beers, Timothy C. Prieto, Carlos Allende Wilhelm, Ron Lee, Young Sun Sivarani, Thirupathi Norris, John E. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Fiorentin, Paola Re Schlegel, David Uomoto, Alan Lupton, Robert H. Knapp, Gillian R. Gunn, James E. Covey, Kevin R. Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Kent, Steve Finkbeiner, Douglas Munn, Jeffrey A. Pier, Jeffrey R. Quinn, Tom Hawley, Suzanne Anderson, Scott Kiuchi, Furea Chen, Alex Bushong, James Sohi, Harkirat Haggard, Daryl Kimball, Amy Barentine, John Brewington, Howard Harvanek, Mike Kleinman, Scott Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie Lee, Brian Harris, Hugh Brinkmann, Jonathan Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald G. TI The milky way tomography with SDSS. II. Stellar metallicity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure; methods : data analysis; stars : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; METAL-POOR STARS; GALACTIC LATITUDE STRUCTURES; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; RADIAL-VELOCITY SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS AB Using effective temperature and metallicity derived from SDSS spectra for similar to 60,000 F- and G-type main-sequence stars (0.2 < g - r < 0.6), we develop polynomial models for estimating these parameters from the SDSS u - g and g - r colors. These photometric estimates have similar error properties as those determined from SDSS spectra. We apply this method to SDSS photometric data for over 2 million F/G stars and measure the unbiased metallicity distribution for a complete volume-limited sample of stars at distances between 500 pc and 8 kpc. The metallicity distribution can be exquisitely modeled using two components with a spatially varying number ratio, which correspond to disk and halo. The two components also possess the kinematics expected for disk and halo stars. The metallicity of the halo component is spatially invariant, while the median disk metallicity smoothly decreases with distance from the Galactic plane from -0.6 at 500 pc to -0.8 beyond several kiloparsecs. The absence of a correlation between metallicity and kinematics for disk stars is in a conflict with the traditional decomposition in terms of thin and thick disks. We detect coherent substructures in the kinematics-metallicity space, such as the Monoceros stream, which rotates faster than the LSR, and has a median metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.95, with an rms scatter of only similar to 0.15 dex. We extrapolate our results to the performance expected from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and estimate that LSST will obtain metallicity measurements accurate to 0.2 dex or better, with proper-motion measurements accurate to similar to 0.5 mas yr(-1), for about 200 million F/G dwarf stars within a distance limit of similar to 100 kpc (g < 23.5). C1 [Ivezic, Zeljko; Sesar, Branimir; Dalcanton, Julianne; Quinn, Tom; Hawley, Suzanne; Anderson, Scott; Kiuchi, Furea; Chen, Alex; Bushong, James; Sohi, Harkirat; Haggard, Daryl; Kimball, Amy] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bond, Nicholas; Lupton, Robert H.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yanny, Brian; Miknaitis, Gajus; Kent, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, CSCE, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilhelm, Ron] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Norris, John E.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Fiorentin, Paola Re] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Schlegel, David; Lee, Brian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Tanaka, Masayuki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.; Harris, Hugh] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Harvanek, Mike; Kleinman, Scott; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie; Brinkmann, Jonathan] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 138 TC 307 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 287 EP 325 DI 10.1086/589678 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700022 ER PT J AU Rakowski, CE Laming, JM Ghavamian, P AF Rakowski, Cara E. Laming, J. Martin Ghavamian, Parviz TI The heating of thermal electrons in fast collisionless shocks: The integral role of cosmic rays SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; shock waves; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVAE REMNANT SHOCKS; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CASSIOPEIA-A; MACH NUMBER; TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION; NONLINEAR AMPLIFICATION; BLAST WAVES AB Understanding the heating of electrons to quasi-thermal energies at collisionless shocks has broad implications for plasma astrophysics. It directly impacts the interpretation of X-ray spectra from shocks, is important for understanding howenergy is partitioned between the thermal and cosmic-ray populations, and provides insight into the structure of the shock itself. In previous work by Ghavamian et al. we presented observational evidence for an inverse-square relation between the electron-to-proton temperature ratio and the shock speed at the outer blast waves of supernova remnants in partially neutral interstellar gas. There we outlined how lower hybrid waves generated in the cosmic-ray precursor could produce such a relationship by heating the electrons to a common temperature independent of both shock speed and the strength of the ambient magnetic field. Here we explore the mechanism of lower hybrid wave heating of electrons in more detail. Specifically, we examine the growth rate of the lower hybrid waves for both the kinetic (resonant) and reactive cases. We find that only the kinetic case exhibits a growing mode. At low Alfven Mach numbers the growth of lower hybrid waves can be faster than the magnetic field amplification by modified Alfven waves. C1 [Rakowski, Cara E.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ghavamian, Parviz] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rakowski, CE (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7674R, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1086/590245 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700024 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. TI Nonthermal synchrotron radiation from gamma-ray burst external shocks and the X-ray flares observed with Swift SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE gamma rays : bursts; hydrodynamics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; relativity ID RELATIVISTIC BLAST WAVES; PULSE-WIDTH EVOLUTION; INTERNAL SHOCKS; LIGHT CURVES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ENGINE ACTIVITY; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; TEMPORAL STRUCTURE AB An analysis of the interaction between a spherical relativistic blast-wave shell and a stationary cloud with a spherical cap geometry is performed assuming that the cloud width Delta(cl) << x, where x is the distance of the cloud from the gamma-ray burst (GRB) explosion center. The interaction is divided into three phases: (1) a collision phase with both forward and reverse shocks; (2) a penetration phase when either the reverse shock has crossed the shell while the forward shock continues to cross the cloud, or vice versa; and (3) an expansion phase when, both shocks having crossed the cloud and shell, the shocked fluid expands. Temporally evolving spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are calculated for the problem of the interaction of a blast-wave shell with clouds that subtend large and small angles compared with the Doppler (-cone) angle theta(0) =1/Gamma(0), where Gamma(0) is the coasting Lorentz factor. The Lorentz factor evolution of the shell/cloud collision is treated in the adiabatic limit. The behavior of the light curves and SEDs on, e. g., Gamma(0), shell-width parameter eta, where Delta(0) vertical bar eta(x)/Gamma(2)(0) is the blast-wave shell width, and properties and locations of the cloud is examined. Short-timescale variability in GRB light curves, including similar to 100 keV gamma-ray pulses observed with BATSE and delayed similar to 1 keV X-ray flares found with Swift, can be explained by emissions from an external shock formed by the GRB blast wave colliding with small density inhomogeneities in the "frozen-pulse" approximation (eta -> 0), and perhaps in the thin-shell approximation (eta approximate to 1/Gamma(0)), but not when eta approximate to 1. If the frozen-pulse approximation is valid, then external shock processes could make the dominant prompt and afterglow emissions in GRB light curves consistent with short-delay two-step collapse models for GRBs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; GLAST Interdisciplinary Science Investigator [DPR S-13756G]; Swift Guest Investigator FX I would like to thank A. Atoyan, D. Band, M. Bottcher, C. Fryer, M. Gonzalez, J. Granot, E. Nakar, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, and B. Zhang for discussions. I acknowledge very important points made by the referee of this paper. I would also like to thank Kurt Mitman for the use of the numerical simulation code that we developed to study this problem and to thank Alessandro Drago for his visit. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. I gratefully acknowledge GLAST Interdisciplinary Science Investigator grant DPR S-13756G and Swift Guest Investigator grants, without which this research would not be possible. NR 101 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 430 EP 448 DI 10.1086/589730 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700031 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Ralchenko, Y Landi, E AF Feldman, Uri Ralchenko, Yuri Landi, Enrico TI Nonthermal electron measurements in solar flares with Hinode EIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : formation; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; MISSION; DIAGNOSTICS; ABUNDANCES; TELESCOPE; PLASMAS; CHIANTI; REGION; CORONA AB The spectral range of the Hinode EIS (EUV Imaging Spectrometer) instrument is 170-211 angstrom and 245-291 angstrom; lines emitted by low-energy levels in highly ionized Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, as well as the very energetic 1s2s S-3(1)-1s2p P-3(2) transition in Fe xxv, appear in the EIS range. In this paper, we investigate the use of these lines for detecting the presence of nonthermal, high-energy electrons in flares. We first calculate line fluxes among the various lines expected in the EIS range, assuming that the electron velocity distribution is strictly Maxwellian. Then, we calculate line fluxes using a velocity distribution composed of a Maxwellian distribution plus an additional population of electrons with a temperature of 10 keV (1.2 x 10(8) K) providing 1%, 2%, 4%, 7%, and 10% of the total free electrons. The calculations indicate that flux ratios between the highly excited Fe xxv line and lines originating in low-lying levels of other highly ionized ions in the EIS range could shed light on the electron velocity distribution in hot flare plasmas. C1 [Feldman, Uri; Landi, Enrico] USN, Artep Inc, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Yuri] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Artep Inc, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU NASA [NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C]; US Department of Energy FX The work of E. L. is supported by the NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C, and other NASA grants. The work of Y. R. is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1086/589733 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700053 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Chen, YC Lu, SH AF Chu, Peter C. Chen, Yuchun Lu, Shihua TI Atmospheric effects on winter SO2 pollution in Lanzhou, China SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 3rd International Symposium on Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales/14th IUAPPA Regional Conference CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Union Air Pollut Prevent & Environm Protect Assoc DE SO2 concentration; RAMS-HYPACT; air pollution index; stable stratification; inversion ID MODEL AB Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in China. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations have shown evident seasonal variability. Pollution was generally within the second-level criterion (< 0.15 mg m(-3)) in spring, summer, and fall but was much higher than the second-level criterion and sometimes reaches mid-level pollution (API>200) in winter. Meteorological conditions (low winds, stable stratification) were found to be important for SO2 pollution. Observational and modeling studies conducted in the present study showed a close connection between static stability and SO2 pollution in Lanzhou, China, during winter. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Yuchun; Lu, Shihua] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 13 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.008 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 352FH UT WOS:000259480600009 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Pons, T Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Brunel, FM Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Pons, Thomas Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Brunel, Florence M. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Intracellular delivery of quantum dot-protein cargos mediated by cell penetrating peptides SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LIVING CELLS; TAT PEPTIDE; LIVE CELLS; DRUG-DELIVERY; LONG-TERM; TRACKING; NANOCRYSTALLITES; NANOPARTICLES AB We utilize cell penetrating peptide functionalized QDs as specific vectors for the intracellular delivery of model fluorescent protein cargos. Multiple copies of two structurally diverse fluorescent proteins, the 27 kDa monomeric yellow fluorescent protein and the 240 kDa multichromophore b-phycoerythrin complex, were attached to QDs using either metal-affinity driven self-assembly or biotin-Streptavidin binding, respectively. Cellular uptake of these complexes was found to depend on the additional presence of cell-penetrating peptides within the QD-protein conjugates. Once inside the cells, the QD conjugates were mostly distributed within endolysosomal compartments, indicating that intracellular delivery of both QD assemblies was primarily driven by endocytotic uptake. Cellular microinjection of QD-fluorescent protein assemblies was also utilized as an alternate delivery strategy that could bypass the endocytic pathway. Simultaneous signals from both the QDs and the fluorescent proteins allowed verification of their colocalization and conjugate integrity upon delivery inside live cells. Due to their intrinsic fluorescence properties, this class of proteins provides a unique tool to test the ability of QDs functionalized with cell penetrating peptides to mediate the intracellular delivery of both small and large size protein cargos. Use of QD-peptide/fluorescent protein vectors may make powerful tools for understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pons, Thomas; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brunel, Florence M.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Brunel, Florence M.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Brunel, Florence M.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 FU CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (France) FX The authors acknowledge Stephen Lee and Ilya Elashvilli of the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA), ONR, NRL, and the NRL-NSI for financial support. T.P. acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (France). NR 63 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1785 EP 1795 DI 10.1021/bc800089r PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 350MZ UT WOS:000259358000007 PM 18681468 ER PT J AU Jolluck, KR AF Jolluck, Katherine R. TI They Called Me Mayer July: Painted Memories of a Jewish Childhood in Poland Before the Holocaust SO BIOGRAPHY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Jolluck, Katherine R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jolluck, Katherine R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jolluck, KR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Hist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0162-4962 J9 BIOGRAPHY JI Biography-Interdiscip. Q. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 756 EP 758 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 405UJ UT WOS:000263249400014 ER PT J AU Ballen, KK King, RJ Chitphakdithai, P Bolan, CD Agura, E Hartzman, RJ Kernan, NA AF Ballen, Karen K. King, Roberta J. Chitphakdithai, Pintip Bolan, Charles D., Jr. Agura, Edward Hartzman, Robert J. Kernan, Nancy A. TI The National Marrow Donor Program 20 years of unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE National Marrow Donor Program; NMDP; unrelated donor; stem cell transplant; transplantation ID ANTILYMPHOCYTE GLOBULIN; APLASTIC-ANEMIA; CYCLOSPORINE; DISEASES; THERAPY AB In the 20 years since the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) facilitated the first unrelated donor transplant, the organization has grown to include almost 7 million donors, and has facilitated over 30,000 transplants on 6 continents. This remarkable accomplishment has been facilitated by the efforts of over 600 employees, and an extensive international network including 171 transplant centers, 73 donor centers, 24 cord blood banks, 97 bone marrow collection centers, 91 apheresis centers, 26 HLA typing laboratories, and 26 Cooperative Registries. In this article, we review the history of the NMDP, and cite the major trends in patient demographics, graft sources, and conditioning regimens over the last 20 years. (C) 2008 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. C1 [Ballen, Karen K.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [King, Roberta J.; Chitphakdithai, Pintip] Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bolan, Charles D., Jr.] NHLBI, Hematol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Agura, Edward] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hartzman, Robert J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Dept, Def Marrow Donor Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Kernan, Nancy A.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Ballen, KK (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Hematol Oncol, Suite 118, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM kballen@partners.org OI Kernan, Nancy/0000-0003-1417-1823 FU NMDP FX Financial Disclosure: Drs. King and Chitphakdithai are employees of the NMDP and have a financial relationship with the NMDP, in that capacity as employees. Drs. Ballen, Bolan, Agura, Hartzman, and Kernan have nothing to disclose. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 EI 1523-6536 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 SU 3 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.05.017 PG 6 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 352QU UT WOS:000259513100001 PM 18721774 ER PT J AU Bolan, CD Hartzman, RJ Perry, EH Trainor, L Miller, J Miller, R Hanley, L Chitphakdithai, P King, RJ AF Bolan, Charles D. Hartzman, Robert J. Perry, Elizabeth H. Trainor, Lance Miller, John Miller, Rebecca Hanley, Lori Chitphakdithai, Pintip King, Roberta J. TI Donation activities and product integrity in unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation: Experience of the National Marrow Donor Program SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE National Marrow Donor Program; NMDP; unrelated donor; stem cell; transplantation AB Despite many clinical advances in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the one factor that is consistently required to apply HCT to a wide variety of diseases is the successful donation and the safe transport and administration of viable donor cells to the HCT recipient. Since 1987, the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) has maintained a registry of volunteer HCT donors for those patients who lack a suitable related donor, facilitated the donor search, and managed the collection and transportation of donor cells to transplant centers for use in increasingly complex therapies. The NMDP has collected data on marrow and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donations as well as additional donations of lymphocytes, whole blood, or platelets. These additional donations are provided for a variety of reasons, including treating post-transplant complications such as graft failure or relapsed disease, supporting immune reconstitution or providing transfusion support. For donor safety, rates of placement of central venous catheters for collecting PBSC are monitored. Data have also been collected on rare events that may affect the integrity of the HCT product (e.g., graft clotting or leaks from the transport bag). Quality assurance and review of these donation processes is an essential component of the transplantation approach. Data from the broad NMDP experience further illuminate factors surrounding the donation process and product integrity. (C) 2008 American Society for Blood and Mat-row Transplantation. C1 [Miller, John; Miller, Rebecca; Hanley, Lori; Chitphakdithai, Pintip; King, Roberta J.] Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. [Bolan, Charles D.] NHLBI, Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hartzman, Robert J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Dept, Def Marrow Donor Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Perry, Elizabeth H.] Mem Blood Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Trainor, Lance] William Beaumont Hosp, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. RP King, RJ (reprint author), Natl Marrow Donor Program, 3001 Broadway St NE,Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. EM rking@nmdp.org FU NMDP FX Financial Disclosure: Drs. J. Miller, R. Miller, Hanley, Chitphakdithai, and King are employees of the NMDP and have a financial relationship with the NMDP, in that capacity as employees. Drs. Bolan, Hartzman, Perry, and Trainor have nothing to disclose. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 SU 3 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.06.001 PG 6 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 352QU UT WOS:000259513100004 PM 18721777 ER PT J AU Spellman, S Setterholm, M Maiers, M Noreen, H Oudshoorn, M Fernandez-Vina, M Petersdorf, E Bray, R Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK AF Spellman, Stephen Setterholm, Michelle Maiers, Martin Noreen, Harriet Oudshoorn, Machteld Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo Petersdorf, Effie Bray, Robert Hartzman, Robert J. Ng, Jennifer Hurley, Carolyn Katovich TI Advances in the selection of HLA-compatible donors: Refinements in HLA typing and matching over the first 20 years of the National Marrow Donor Program Registry SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID DQ ANTIGENS; HIGHLY ACCURATE; NMDP REGISTRY; ALLELES; TRANSPLANTATION; ASSOCIATION; DNA; RESOLUTION; HLA-DQB1; OUTCOMES C1 [Spellman, Stephen; Setterholm, Michelle; Maiers, Martin] Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. [Noreen, Harriet] Univ Minnesota, Med Ctr Fairview, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Oudshoorn, Machteld] Europdonor, Leiden, Netherlands. [Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Petersdorf, Effie] Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bray, Robert] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Hartzman, Robert J.; Ng, Jennifer] USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Dept Def Marrow Donor, Rockville, MD USA. [Hurley, Carolyn Katovich] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Spellman, S (reprint author), Natl Marrow Donor Program, 3001 Broadway St NE,Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. EM sspellma@nmdp.org OI Maiers, Martin/0000-0002-0198-2064 FU NMDP FX Financial Disclosure: Drs. Spellman and Setterholm are employees of the NMDP and have a financial relationship with the NMDP, in that capacity as employees. Drs. Noreen and Fernandez-Vina are consultants for the NMDP. Dr. Hurley is an unpaid consultant for the NMDP. Drs. Maiers, Oudshoorn, Petersdorf, Bray, Hartzman, and Ng have nothing to disclose. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 SU 3 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.05.001 PG 8 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 352QU UT WOS:000259513100006 PM 18721779 ER PT J AU Othon, CM Wu, XJ Anders, JJ Ringeisen, BR AF Othon, Christina M. Wu, Xingjia Anders, Juanita J. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Single-cell printing to form three-dimensional lines of olfactory ensheathing cells SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAT SPINAL-CORD; TRANSPLANTATION; GLIA; BULB; REGENERATION; CULTURES; GROWTH; TRACT AB Biological laser printing (BioLP (TM)) is a unique tool capable of printing high resolution two- and three-dimensional patterns of living mammalian cells, with greater than 95% viability. These results have been extended to primary cultured olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), harvested from adult Sprague-Dawley rats. OECs have been found to provide stimulating environments for neurite outgrowth in spinal cord injury models. BioLP is unique in that small load volumes (similar to mu Ls) are required to achieve printing, enabling low numbers of OECs to be harvested, concentrated and printed. BioLP was used to form several 8 mm lines of OECs throughout a multilayer hydrogel scaffold. The line width was as low as 20 mu m, with most lines comprising aligned single cells. Fluorescent confocal microscopy was used to determine the functionality of the printed OECs, to monitor interactions between printed OECs, and to determine the extent of cell migration throughout the 3D scaffold. High-resolution printing of low cell count, harvested OECs is an important advancement for in vitro study of cell interactions and functionality. In addition, these cell-printed scaffolds may provide an alternative for spinal cord repair studies, as the single-cell patterns formed here are on relevant size scales for neurite outgrowth. C1 [Othon, Christina M.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wu, Xingjia; Anders, Juanita J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Othon, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil RI Othon, Christina /B-6685-2014 FU Translational Research Program-Defense Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Program [F170TL-C3]; National Research Council FX This work was funded by the Translational Research Program-Defense Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Program (F170TL-C3). The authors would like to thank Jay Barron and Amy Cheng for their help and suggestions. Christina Othon would like to thank the National Research Council for support through a NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-6041 J9 BIOMED MATER JI Biomed. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 AR 034101 DI 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034101 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 344HC UT WOS:000258916500014 PM 18689930 ER PT J AU Koplin, SA Lin, S Domanski, T AF Koplin, Stephen A. Lin, Shirley Domanski, Tammy TI Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Polyethylenimines on Dry Surfaces SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial coatings; cationic polyethylenimine; S. aureus; A. baumannii; E. coli ID ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; BIOFILM FORMATION; SURVIVAL; COATINGS; CONTACT; CHEMISTRY; PERMANENT; MEMBRANES AB The antimicrobial activity of cationic N-dodecyl-N-methylpolyethylenimine (PEI+) against S. aureus, A. baumannii, and E. coli was evaluated when the polymer was applied as a coating to various surfaces using a paint-like procedure. Antimicrobial activity of PEI+ as a function of time was determined using an assay for long-term survival involving placement of single drops of various bacterial concentrations on dry surfaces. These data were compared with an assay method where bacteria were applied by spraying and surfaces were incubated overnight under agar. PEI+-coated sufaces were found to be highly bactericidal after 30 min when bacteria were sprayed onto surfaces. However, when bacteria were applied as single drops, PEI+-coated surfaces were less biocidal at short contact times particularly for A. baumannii and E. coli. The observations are explained in the context of the difference in drying time between drops deposited on uncoated surfaces and PEI+-coated surfaces and the sensitivity of bacterial survival to dehydration. These results demonstrate that PEI+-coated surfaces are not effectively biocidal for some types of bacteria under certain conditions and that the method of assaying bactericidal efficiency can greatly affect the results obtained. C1 [Koplin, Stephen A.; Lin, Shirley; Domanski, Tammy] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lin@usna.edu; tldomanski@aacc.edu FU ONR Midshipman Research Fund; Research Corporation for a Cottrell College Science; U.S. Naval Academy Crowley FX The authors thank D. Luning Prak for assistance with obtaining contact angle measurements. S. Koplin thanks the ONR Midshipman Research Fund. S. Lin thanks Research Corporation for a Cottrell College Science Award. T. Domanski thanks the U.S. Naval Academy Crowley Fellowship. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1165 DI 10.1021/bp.32 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 370BY UT WOS:000260738900020 PM 19194927 ER PT J AU Benguigui, N Broderick, MR Baures, R Amorim, MA AF Benguigui, Nicolas Broderick, Michael R. Baures, Robin Amorim, Michel-Ange TI Motion prediction and the velocity effect in children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-TO-CONTACT; COINCIDENCE-ANTICIPATION; IMPENDING COLLISION; INFORMATION; SPEED; BALL; EXTRAPOLATION; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES AB In coincidence-timing studies, children have been shown to respond too early to slower stimuli and too late to faster stimuli. To examine this velocity effect, children aged 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, and adults were tested with two different velocities in a prediction-motion task which consisted of judging, after the occlusion of the final part of its path, the moment of arrival of a moving stimulus towards a specified position. A similar velocity effect, resulting in later responses for the faster velocities than for the slower, was found primarily in the three younger groups of children (for the longer occlusion conditions: 600-1,320 milliseconds). However, this effect was not seen in all children in these groups. Individual analyses showed that this velocity effect, when present, is linked to the use of distance rather than time information, or to the confusion between these in extrapolating the occluded trajectories. The tendency to use one type of information or the other is a good predictor of accuracy and variability in this task and a good indicator of the development stage of the participants. Across development, children tend to initially use distance information with poor accuracy but relative consistency in responses. In a second stage, they use time and distance information alternatively across trials trying to find a better source of information with still poor accuracy and now great variability. In a final stage, they use time information to reach consistency and accuracy in their responses. This chronology follows the stages proposed by Savelesbergh and Van der Kamp (2000) explaining development with an initial stage of 'freezing' non-optimal relationships between information and movement, then a 'freeing' stage during which new solutions are searched for, and finally an 'exploiting' stage with an optimal relationship between information and movement. C1 [Benguigui, Nicolas; Baures, Robin; Amorim, Michel-Ange] Univ Paris 11, Lab Control Moteur & Percept, EA 4042, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Broderick, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Benguigui, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Lab Control Moteur & Percept, EA 4042, Bat 425, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM nicolas.benguigui@u-psud.fr RI Amorim, Michel-Ange/E-7209-2017 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 BP 389 EP 407 DI 10.1348/026151008X295146 PN 3 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338IV UT WOS:000258501800007 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Jin, Y AF Zhao, Qingyun Jin, Yi TI High-resolution radar data assimilation for hurricane Isabel (2003) at landfall SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; SIMPLE ADJOINT RETRIEVALS; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PART II; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; VELOCITY RETRIEVAL; WIND OBSERVATIONS; MICROBURST WINDS; VERTICAL MOTION C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Jin, Yi] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 53 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1372 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2562.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100013 ER PT J AU Matwiyoff, GN Bradshaw, DA Hildebrandt, KH Campenot, JF Coletta, JM Coyle, WJ AF Matwiyoff, Gregory N. Bradshaw, David A. Hildebrandt, Kurt H. Campenot, Jennifer F. Coletta, Joelle M. Coyle, Walter J. TI A 28-year-old man with a mediastinal mass SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID THORACIC-DUCT CYST C1 [Matwiyoff, Gregory N.; Bradshaw, David A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Hildebrandt, Kurt H.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Campenot, Jennifer F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Coletta, Joelle M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Coyle, Walter J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Matwiyoff, GN (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Gregory.matwiyoff@med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2008 VL 134 IS 3 BP 648 EP 652 DI 10.1378/chest.07-1509 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 349OP UT WOS:000259290500032 PM 18779202 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Morse, SA Oncu, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Morse, Stephen A. Oncu, Serkan TI Structure of the anthrax research literature SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; anthraxin; bioterrorism; biowarfare; bioweapons; biological weapons; biodefence; biosecurity; biosurety; information technology; text mining; bibliometrics; citation analysis; computational linguistics; clustering; taxonomy ID BIOTERRORISM-RELATED ANTHRAX; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INFRASTRUCTURE; BIBLIOMETRICS AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global anthrax research literature. An anthrax-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) (SCI, 2006) databases. The anthrax research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/ countries, most cited authors/journals/ documents) was obtained using bibliometrics, and the anthrax research literature technical structure (hierarchical taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document Clustering. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Oncu, Serkan] Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Med, Aydin, Turkey. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Oncu, Serkan/E-4324-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 678 EP 685 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 353VT UT WOS:000259597500010 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, JA Madritch, MD Bailey, JK LeRoy, CJ Fischer, DG Rehill, BJ Lindroth, RL Hagerman, AE Wooley, SC Hart, SC Whitham, TG AF Schweitzer, Jennifer A. Madritch, Michael D. Bailey, Joseph K. LeRoy, Carri J. Fischer, Dylan G. Rehill, Brian J. Lindroth, Richard L. Hagerman, Ann E. Wooley, Stuart C. Hart, Stephen C. Whitham, Thomas G. TI From genes to ecosystems: The genetic basis of condensed tannins and their role in nutrient regulation in a Populus model system SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE above- and belowground interactions; aquatic-terrestrial linkages; condensed tannin; community genetics; Populus; plant-soil feedbacks; Salicaceae ID PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES; FOREST TENT CATERPILLARS; OAK LEAF TANNINS; QUAKING ASPEN; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TREMBLING ASPEN; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; INSECT PERFORMANCE; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; CLONAL VARIATION AB Research that connects ecosystem processes to genetic mechanisms has recently gained significant ground, yet actual studies that span the levels of organization from genes to ecosystems are extraordinarily rare. Utilizing foundation species from the genus Populus, in which the role of condensed tannins (CT) has been investigated aboveground, belowground, and in adjacent streams, we examine the diverse mechanisms for the expression of CT and the ecological consequences of CT for forests and streams. The wealth of data from this genus highlights the importance of form and function of CT in large-scale and long-term ecosystem processes and demonstrates the following four patterns: (1) plant-specific concentration of CT varies as much as fourfold among species and individual genotypes; (2) large within-plant variation in CT occurs due to ontogenetic stages (that is, juvenile and mature), tissue types (that is, leaves versus twigs) and phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment; (3) CT have little consistent effect on plant-herbivore interactions, excepting organisms utilizing woody tissues (that is, fungal endophytes and beaver), however; (4) CT in plants consistently slow rates of leaf litter decomposition (aquatic and terrestrial), alter the composition of heterotrophic soil communities (and some aquatic communities) and reduce nutrient availability in terrestrial ecosystems. Taken together, these data suggest that CT may play an underappreciated adaptive role in regulating nutrient dynamics in ecosystems. These results also demonstrate that a holistic perspective from genes-to-ecosystems is a powerful approach for elucidating complex ecological interactions and their evolutionary implications. C1 [Schweitzer, Jennifer A.; Bailey, Joseph K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Madritch, Michael D.; Lindroth, Richard L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [LeRoy, Carri J.; Fischer, Dylan G.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Rehill, Brian J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD USA. [Hagerman, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Wooley, Stuart C.] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Biol Sci, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.; Whitham, Thomas G.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Whitham, Thomas G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Schweitzer, JA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Jen.Schweitzer@utk.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0078280, DEB-0425908]; NSF [DEB-9707263, DEB-0074427, DEB-0344019, DEB-0743437, REU-DBI-0353915]; U. S. Dept. of Agriculture [58-1932-6-634] FX We thank the extended Whitham, Lindroth, Hagerman, Hart and Keim lab groups for their support and feedback on these ongoing studies. Support was provided for various aspects of these projects from the U. S. National Science Foundation, including the Integrated Research Challenges in Environmental Biology and Frontiers in Integrated Biological Research programs (DEB-0078280, DEB-0425908) as well as NSF grants DEB-9707263, DEB-0074427, DEB-0344019, DEB-0743437, REU-DBI-0353915 and the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, cooperative agreement 58-1932-6-634. We also thank the Ogden Nature Center and the Utah Department of Natural Resources for their support of our common garden studies, which have been crucial for separating the genetic and environmental effects of CT production. NR 121 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 111 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1020 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9173-9 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353KF UT WOS:000259564600013 ER PT J AU Wright, ME Harvey, BG Quintana, RL AF Wright, Michael E. Harvey, Benjamin G. Quintana, Roxanne L. TI Highly efficient zirconium-catalyzed batch conversion of 1-butene: A new route to jet fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII; METALLOCENE CATALYSTS; 1-BUTANOL DEHYDRATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; BUTANOL PRODUCTION; ALPHA-OLEFINS; WHEAT-STRAW; OLIGOMERIZATION; DIMERIZATION AB Quantitative conversion of 1-butene to a Schultz-Flory distribution of oligomers has been accomplished by use of Group 4 transition-metal catalysts in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). The oligomerization reaction was carried out at ambient temperature in a sealed reaction vessel with complete conversion of 1-butene at catalyst turnover numbers of > 17 000. The combination of high catalyst activity without concomitant production of high polymer led to a highly efficient production of new hydrocarbon jet fuel candidates. The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity; however, because achiral catalysts were used, several diastere-oisomeric structures were produced and observed in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms. The single and specific dimer formed in the reaction, 2-ethyl-l-hexene, was easily removed by distillation and then dimerized using acid catalysis to afford a mixture of mono-unsaturated C-16 compounds. Changes in the oligomerization catalyst led to production of fuels with excellent cold-flow viscosity without the need for a high-temperature distillation. Thus, removal of the dimer followed by catalytic hydrogenation (PtO2) led to a 100% saturated hydrocarbon fuel with a density of 0.78 g/mL, a viscosity of 12.5 cSt at -20 degrees C (ASTM 445), and a calculated heat of combustion of 44+ MJ/kg. By back-addition of hydrogenated dimer in varying amounts (6.6, 11.5, and 17 wt %), it was possible to tailor the viscosity of the fuel (8.5, 7, and 6.5 cSt, respectively). C1 [Wright, Michael E.; Harvey, Benjamin G.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Div Chem,Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wright, ME (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Div Chem,Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.wright@navy.mil NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 3299 EP 3302 DI 10.1021/ef800380b PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 350DK UT WOS:000259332600054 ER PT J AU Michalowicz, JV Nichols, JM Bucholtz, F AF Michalowicz, Joseph V. Nichols, Jonathan M. Bucholtz, Frank TI Calculation of Differential Entropy for a Mixed Gaussian Distribution SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE Mixed-Gaussian; entropy; distribution ID NOISE; SIGNALS AB In this work, an analytical expression is developed for the differential entropy of a mixed Gaussian distribution. One of the terms is given by a tabulated function of the ratio of the distribution parameters. C1 [Michalowicz, Joseph V.; Nichols, Jonathan M.; Bucholtz, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michalowicz, Joseph V.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM opscidiv@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory for providing funding for this work. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1099-4300 J9 ENTROPY JI Entropy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.3390/entropy-e10030200 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424IQ UT WOS:000264560800005 ER PT J AU Sheinson, RS Williams, BA AF Sheinson, Ronald S. Williams, Bradley A. TI Preserving shipboard AFFF fire protection system performance while preventing hydrogen sulfide formation SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Fire Suppression and Detection Research and Applications CY MAR 05-08, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE AFFF; Aqueous Film-Forming Foam; biocide; foam; hydrogen sulfide; H(2)S; microbial growth; seawater; shipboard; sulfate reducing bacteria AB There is a very serious problem aboard US Navy ships from generation of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) solutions used for shipboard fire protection. This is the result of the action of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in mixtures of seawater and AFFF, which remain stagnant for significant time periods in shipboard fire protection system piping. Similar to microbial generation of H(2)S in sewage, over time microbes present in seawater consume organic materials in the AFFF mixture and can deplete the dissolved oxygen. If the reduction-oxidation potential falls low enough, anaerobic action of the SRB on the sulfate present in seawater can then result in H(2)S generation, reaching dangerous levels. The recommended ceiling for exposure to H(2)S is only 10 ppm. If the microbes causing oxygen depletion and/or the SRB can be eliminated (or sufficiently minimized), the dangerous generation of H(2)S would not occur. The Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability is participating in a research project for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to evaluate several treatment modalities for their ability to inhibit H(2)S formation in AFFF/seawater mixtures and for possible deleterious effects on AFFF performance. Various approaches have been considered employing laboratory evaluations (dynamic surface tension and Ross-Miles foamability), and 28 ft(2) (2.6 m(2)) pool fire extinguishment and burnback protection field tests (Military Standard MIL-F-24385F). The protocol selected for NAVSEA shipboard H(2)S generation mitigation testing is a combination of a commercial broad-spectrum biocide with a molybdenum compound which is a specific inhibitor of SRB. C1 [Sheinson, Ronald S.; Williams, Bradley A.] USN, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheinson, RS (reprint author), USN, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ronald.sheinson@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10694-007-0032-6 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 323ZT UT WOS:000257488000007 ER PT J AU Porter, CK Tribble, DR Aliaga, PA Halvorson, HA Riddle, MS AF Porter, Chad K. Tribble, David R. Aliaga, Pablo A. Halvorson, Heather A. Riddle, Mark S. TI Infectious gastroenteritis and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL ALPHA-DEFENSINS; CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; SMOKING; POPULATION; AUTOPHAGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; METAANALYSIS AB Background & Aims: Infectious gastroenteritis (IGE) is known to exacerbate previously diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, limited data are available describing a causal link between IGE and incident IBD. Methods: By using a medical encounter data repository of active duty military personnel., a study was conducted to assess IBD risk in subjects with an antecedent case of IGE. Results: Between 1999 and 2006, there were 3019 incident IBD cases and 11,646 matched controls who were evaluated in a conditional logistic regression model. To control for potential misclassification, IGE episodes within 6 months of IBD diagnosis were excluded as exposures. After adjusting for potential confounders, an episode of IGE increased the risk of IBD (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.66). The risk was slightly higher for Crohn's disease compared with ulcerative colitis. In addition, there was an approximate 5-fold increase in IBD risk for persons with a previous irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis. Conclusions: These data support theories that the initiation of IBD is a multifactorial process that might include the disruption of normal gut homeostatic mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the pathogen-specific risks, identify susceptible populations, and better understand the pathophysiologic relationship between IGE and IBD. C1 [Porter, Chad K.] USN, MPH, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate,Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Aliaga, Pablo A.; Halvorson, Heather A.] Def Med Surveillance Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Porter, CK (reprint author), USN, MPH, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate,Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chad.porter@med.navy.mil RI Porter, Chad/A-8026-2011; Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 43 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.081 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 346WC UT WOS:000259099300017 PM 18640117 ER PT J AU Mathison, N AF Mathison, Neil TI Memory and Helix: What Comes to Us from the Past SO GEORGIA REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mathison, N (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV GEORGIA PI ATHENS PA GEORGIA REVIEW, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0016-8386 J9 GEORGIA REV JI GA. Rev. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 586 EP 600 PG 15 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 363BE UT WOS:000260240100018 ER PT J AU Heiderscheidt, JL Crimi, M Siegrist, RL Singletary, MA AF Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L. Crimi, Michelle Siegrist, Robert L. Singletary, Michael A. TI Optimization of Full-Scale Permanganate ISCO System Operation: Laboratory and Numerical Studies SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OXIDATION; NATURAL OXIDANT DEMAND; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; AQUIFER; GENESIS; SOLIDS; KMNO4; DNAPL AB Laboratory characterization studies, one-dimensional flow-through studies, and numerical model simulations were conducted to examine site conditions and system features that may have adversely affected in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) performance at the Naval Training Center's (NTC) Operable Unit 4 located in Orlando, Florida, and to identify potential ISCO system modifications to achieve the desired remediation performance. At the NTC site, ISCO was implemented using vertical injection wells to deliver potassium permanganate into a ground water zone for treatment of tetrachloroethylene and its breakdown products. However, oxidant distribution was much more limited than anticipated. Characterization studies revealed that the ground water zone being treated by ISCO was very fine sand with a small effective particle size and low uniformity coefficient, along with a high organic carbon content, high natural oxidant demand (NOD), and a high ground water dissolved solids concentration, all of which contributed to full-scale ISCO application difficulties. These site conditions contributed to injection well permeability loss and an inability to achieve the design oxidant injection flow rate, limiting the actual oxidant distribution at the site. Flow-through experiments demonstrated that more favorable oxidant delivery and distribution conditions are enabled by applying a lower oxidant concentration at a faster delivery rate for a greater number of pore volumes. Numerical simulations, run for a variety of conditions (injection/extraction well flow rates, injected oxidant concentration, amount of NOD present, and NOD oxidation rate), also revealed that low-oxidant concentration injection at a high flow rate is a more effective method to deliver the required mass of oxidant to the target treatment zone. C1 [Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crimi, Michelle] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Hlth Sci Program, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Crimi, Michelle] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Sci & Policy Program, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Siegrist, Robert L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singletary, Michael A.] USN, Facil Engn Command SE, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Heiderscheidt, JL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeffrey.heiderscheidt@us.af.mil FU Naval Facilities Engineering Command FX This project was completed with funding provided by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Shannon Jackson and Sarah Seitz from the Colorado School of Mines and Tom Palaia from CH2M Hill are acknowledged for their key contributions in completing these studies. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.00213.x PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 379LB UT WOS:000261396600006 ER PT J AU Richter, A Hicks, KA Earnshaw, SR Honeycutt, AA AF Richter, Anke Hicks, Katherine A. Earnshaw, Stephanie R. Honeycutt, Amanda A. TI Allocating HIV prevention resources: A tool for state and local decision making SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE policy analysis; HIV prevention; resource allocation; efficiency; equity ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; HEALTH AB The CDC provides funding for HIV prevention activities and state and local decision-makers must allocate these funds. The implementation of a resource allocation tool designed to facilitate this process that incorporates concepts of efficiency and equity as well as CDC mandates on the use Of Community planning groups is demonstrated. showing how information obtained from the resource allocation tool can be used to guide the policy analysis. The demonstration uses a simplified example based on data from Florida. The tool quantifies the inherent trade-offs associated with efficiency and equity and allows decision-makers to explore different ways of achieving equity. Given the underlying epidemiological model, results are not necessarily linear so common proportionality assumptions do not hold. However, a sense of equity can be provided by implementing various metrics allowing the policy maker flexibility ill their decision process. By quantifying the impact of policy choices ill terms of efficiency, cost. and distribution, the resource allocation tool makes the decision process more transparent and permits more informed choices. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Hicks, Katherine A.; Honeycutt, Amanda A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richter, Anke] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Earnshaw, Stephanie R.] RTI Hlth Solut, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hicks, KA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM khicks@rti.org RI Richter, Anke/I-9050-2012 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R18/CCR420943] FX This research was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number R18/CCR420943 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent official views of the CDC. The authors wish to thank Carol Scotton for her advice, guidance, and Support during the model formulation. The authors also wish to thank Kathleen Wirth for her Support in data management and model validation. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.01.008 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 343NM UT WOS:000258860800008 PM 18342388 ER PT J AU Gates, JD Benavides, LC Stojadinovic, A Mittendorf, EA Holmes, JP Carmichael, MG McCall, S Milford, AL Merrill, GA Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Gates, J. D. Benavides, L. C. Stojadinovic, A. Mittendorf, E. A. Holmes, J. P. Carmichael, M. G. McCall, S. Milford, A. L. Merrill, G. A. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Monitoring circulating tumor cells in cancer vaccine trials SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Editorial Material DE vaccine; immunotherapy; cancer; HER2/neu; circulating tumor cells ID METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; FOLATE-BINDING-PROTEIN; PROGNOSTIC-FACTOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CLINICAL-TRIAL; OVARIAN-CANCER; PEPTIDE; HER-2/NEU; IDENTIFICATION AB The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) from various cancers has provided a wealth of information and possibilities. As the role of CTC detection in the treatment assessment of metastatic breast cancer becomes standard, there is interest in applying this tool in cancer vaccine development and clinical trial monitoring. Since we lack a proven immunologic assay that correlates with clinical response, CTC detection, quantification and phenotypic characterization may be a useful surrogate for clinical outcome. The Cancer Vaccine Development Program is involved in the development of HER2/neu peptide based vaccine development for the prevention of recurrence in HER2/neu expressing cancers like breast cancer. The CellSearch System (Veridex, LLC, Warren, NJ) has been used by our lab in conjunction with in vivo and/or in vitro immunologic measurements to define a monitoring tool that could predict clinical response. Once validated, this assay could significantly shorten clinical trials and lead to more efficient assessment of potentially promising cancer vaccines. C1 [Gates, J. D.; Benavides, L. C.; Peoples, G. E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Stojadinovic, A.; Carmichael, M. G.; Ponniah, S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, US Mil Canc Inst, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Mittendorf, E. A.] UTMD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX USA. [Holmes, J. P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Carmichael, M. G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol & Med Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [McCall, S.; Milford, A. L.; Merrill, G. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 354KK UT WOS:000259638300013 PM 18437056 ER PT J AU Yang, B Ahuja, H Tran, TN AF Yang, Bao Ahuja, Herwin Tran, Thanh N. TI Thermoelectric technology assessment: Application to air conditioning and refrigeration SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; BISMUTH-TELLURIDE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; HIGH FIGURE; MERIT; PERFORMANCE AB A combination of factors-notably environmental concerns about global warming and ozone depletion due to refrigerants and the increasing demand for electronics and optoelectronic cooling-led to renewed activity in alternative cooling technologies. Currently, thermoelectric cooling is considered a popular cooling technology. This paper provides a critical review of thermoelectric technology and assesses its potential applications in air conditioning and refrigeration. The first part of this paper is devoted to the basic concept of thermoelectrics, with an overview of current thermoelectric materials and devices. The second part is a general overview of the applications of thermoelectric technology, with an emphasis on those related to air conditioning and refrigeration. C1 [Yang, Bao; Ahuja, Herwin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Environm Energy Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tran, Thanh N.] USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Environm Energy Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 635 EP 653 DI 10.1080/10789669.2008.10391031 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 349SR UT WOS:000259304100002 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Tolk, NH Piston, D AF Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Cricenti, Antonio Generosi, Renato Luce, Marco Perfetti, Paolo Margaritondo, Giorgio Tolk, Norman H. Piston, David TI Infrared Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Below the Diffraction Limit SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Infrared fibers; spectroscopy; tapered fiber tips ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CELL-LINE; SNOM; NANOSPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; SILICON; PROBES; LIGHT AB Infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR-SNOM) is an extremely powerful analytical instrument since it combines IR spectroscopy's high chemical specificity with SNOM's high spatial resolution. In order to do this in the infrared, specialty chalcogenide glass fibers were fabricated and their ends tapered to generate SNOM probes. The fiber tips were installed in a modified near-field microscope and both inorganic and biological samples illuminated with the tunable output from a free-electron laser located at Vanderbilt University. Both topographical and IR spectral images were simultaneously recorded with a resolution of similar to 50 and similar to 100 nm, respectively. Unique spectroscopic features were identified in all samples, with spectral images exhibiting resolutions of up to lambda/60, or at least 30 times better than the diffraction limited lens-based microscopes. We believe that IR-SNOM can provide a very powerful insight into some of the most important biomedical research topics. C1 [Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cricenti, Antonio; Generosi, Renato; Luce, Marco; Perfetti, Paolo] Inst Stuttura Mat, I-00016 Rome, Italy. [Margaritondo, Giorgio] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Tolk, Norman H.; Piston, David] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jasbinder.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil; ishwar.aggarwal@nrl.navy.mil; antonio.cricenti@artov.ism.cn.it; renato.generosi@ism.cnr.it; marco.luce@ism.cnr.it NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1352 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.928166 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 366EK UT WOS:000260463200010 ER PT J AU Li, L Gaiser, P Albert, MR Long, DG Twarog, EM AF Li, Li Gaiser, Peter Albert, Mary R. Long, David G. Twarog, Elizabeth M. TI WindSat passive microwave polarimetric signatures of the Greenland ice sheet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Greenland ice sheet; ice; polarimetric microwave radiometry; snow; WindSat ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; ROUGH SURFACES; SATELLITE DATA; SNOW; RADIOMETER; EMISSION; MELT; CLASSIFICATION; SCATTEROMETER; ACCUMULATION AB WindSat has systematically collected the first global fully polarimetric passive microwave data over both land and ocean. As the first spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer, it was designed to measure ocean surface wind speed and direction by including the third and fourth Stokes parameters, which are mostlu related to the asymmetric structures of the ocean surface roughness. Although designed for wind vector retrieval, WindSat data are also collected over land and ice, and this new data has revealed, for the first time, significant land signals in the third and fourth Stokes parameter channels, particularly over Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets. The third and fourth Stokes parameters show well-defined large azimuth modulations that appear to be correlated with geophysical variations, particularly snow structure, melting, and metamorphism, and have distinct seasonal variation. The polarimetric signatures are relatively weak in the summer and are strongest around spring. This corresponds well,with the formation and erosion of the sastrugi in the dry snow zone and snowmelt in the soaked zone. In this paper, we present the full polarimetric signatures obtained from WindSat over Greenland, and use a simple empirical observation model to quantify, the azimuthal variations of the signatures in space and time. C1 [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter; Twarog, Elizabeth M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Albert, Mary R.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Long, David G.] Brigham Young Univ, Microwave Earth Remote Sensing Lab, Ctr Remote Sensing, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Long, David/K-4908-2015; OI Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972; Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 FU Office of Naval Research; NPOESS Integrated Program Office FX Manuscript received February 23, 2007; revised September 4, 2007. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2622 EP 2631 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917727 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 348SY UT WOS:000259231600014 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holland, KT Haller, MC AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Holland, K. Todd Haller, Merrick C. TI Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive signal processing; image processing; sea floor; sea surface; wavelength measurement ID CURRENT RETRIEVALS; SEA-SURFACE; BATHYMETRY; DEPTH; QUANTIFICATION; DISSIPATION; DISPERSION; ZONE AB We review several approaches that have been used to estimate ocean surface gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where image intensity variance is maximized. Alternatively, a cross-spectral correlation approach identifies wavenumbers where intensity coherence is maximized. We develop a solution to the latter approach based on a tomographic analysis that utilizes a nonlinear inverse method. The solution is tolerant to noise and other forms of sampling deficiency and can be applied to arbitrary sampling patterns, as well as to full-frame imagery. The solution includes error predictions that can be used for data retrieval quality control and for evaluating sample designs. A quantitative analysis of the intrinsic resolution of the method indicates that the cross-spectral correlation fitting improves resolution by a factor of about ten times as compared to the power spectral density fitting approach. The resolution analysis also provides a rule of thumb for nearshore bathymetry retrievals-short-scale cross-shore patterns may be resolved if they are about ten times longer than the average water depth over the pattern. This guidance can be applied to sample design to constrain both the sensor array (image resolution) and the analysis array (tomographic resolution). C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Holland, K. Todd] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Haller, Merrick C.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov; tholland@nrlsse.navy.mil; hallerm@engr.orst.edu RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Haller, Merrick/J-8191-2012; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Haller, Merrick/0000-0002-8760-4362; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; Army Corps of Engineers' FRF; R. Holman's Argus program FX Manuscript received January 25, 2008. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the base funding program element 0602435N.; The authors would like to thank the Beach Wizards who contributed to the development of this effort. The authors are particularly indebted to P. Catalan for the encouragement, evaluation, and critical review. Comments from an anonymous reviewer considerably improved the clarity of the manuscript. Finally, we could not have performed a sensible field evaluation without the stage set by both the Army Corps of Engineers' FRF and R. Holman's Argus program. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2644 EP 2658 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.919821 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 348SY UT WOS:000259231600016 ER PT J AU Withers, LP Taylor, RM Warme, DM AF Withers, Lang P., Jr. Taylor, Robert M., Jr. Warme, David M. TI Echo-MIMO: A two-way channel training method for matched cooperative beamforming SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT); multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications; naturally channel-matched beamforming (NCMB); nonreciprocal channel; two-way multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation ID LOW-RANK APPROXIMATIONS; LINEAR REGRESSIONS; SYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; DESIGN; EQUALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; FEEDBACK; RELAYS AB A new two-way multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounding method For enabling a transmitter and a receiver both to have complete knowledge of the channel between them is presented. The key idea is that when the transmitter sends out its training signal, the receiver repeats, or "echoes," its received signal back to that transmitter. From this round-trip training signal, together with the usual one-way incoming training signal from the receiver, the transmitter is able to recover its own outgoing channel fading coefficients for all transmit/receive pairs of antenna elements. The two-stage, weighted least squares problem to estimate the incoming and outgoing channel response matrices is solved. The method applies to FDD and TDD channels, and is suitable for wireless networks with relays. A second contribution of this paper is to propose another new training step, called naturally channel-matched beamforming (NCMB). This step actively uses the physical channel to match the transmit and receive beamformers, instead of relying on uncoordinated beamformer estimates at the transmit and receive ends. When we create parallel virtual channels, by spatial precoding with singular modes of the channel matrix, this training step directly matches each pair of right and left singular vectors used to beamform, adjusting the receive vector to optimize the virtual link gain for the pair. Evidence for a ridge in the gain surface over beamformer pairs is given, which would explain the near-ideal gains obtained from the channel-matching step. We also show how to optimize the link gains while constraining these pairs to ensure low interchannel interference (ICI). Simulation results show that the echo-MIMO method for the case of channel-matched maximal ratio transmission/combining (MRT/MRC) approaches the performance of the ideal beamformers based on perfect channel estimates, especially for the case of no fewer transmit antennas than receive antennas. In this case, echo-MIMO outperforms a quantized MRT/MRC codebook feedback method. C1 [Withers, Lang P., Jr.; Taylor, Robert M., Jr.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Warme, David M.] Grp W Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Withers, Lang P., Jr.] Raytheon Co, Falls Church, VA USA. [Withers, Lang P., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Withers, Lang P., Jr.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Withers, LP (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM lwithers@mitre.com; rtaylor@mitre.com; David.Warme@GroupW.com NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 4419 EP 4432 DI 10.1109/TSP.2008.925971 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 341DO UT WOS:000258694600028 ER PT J AU Chen, VC AF Chen, V. C. TI Doppler signatures of radar backscattering from objects with micro-motions SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Radar backscattering from objects with micro-motions is subject to Doppler modulations that help determine dynamic properties of objects and provide useful information about the objects. Doppler modulations represented by joint time-frequency analysis provide useful time-varying Doppler characteristics and, thus, add additional time-dimension information to exploit motion characteristics. The author discusses how to simulate radar backscattering from objects with rigid body motions and objects with non-rigid body motions, and how to analyse, interpret and characterise Doppler signatures of objects that undergo these micro-motions. Precession heavy top and human locomotion are used as examples of rigid and non-rigid body motions, respectively. Radar micro-Doppler signatures derived from these motions illustrate the potential of the joint time-frequency analysis for exploiting kinetic and dynamic properties of objects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vchen@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 56 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 14 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1049/iet-spr:20070137 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 370PS UT WOS:000260775300010 ER PT J AU Kochel, T Aguilar, P Felices, V Comach, G Cruz, C Alava, A Vargas, J Olson, J Blair, P AF Kochel, Tadeusz Aguilar, Patricia Felices, Vidal Comach, Guillermo Cruz, Cristopher Alava, Aracely Vargas, Jorge Olson, James Blair, Patrick TI Molecular epidemiology of dengue virus type 3 in Northern South America: 2000-2005 SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dengue-3 virus; Dengue-3 evolution; Dengue-3 transmission ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; EVOLUTION; SPREAD; BRAZIL AB A phylogenetic approach was used to identify genetic variants of DENV-3 subtype III that may have emerged during or after its expansion throughout South America. We sequenced the capsid, premembrane/membrane and envelope genes from 22 DENV-3 strains isolated from Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru between 2000 and 2005. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates sequenced in this study formed three clades within subtype III: one with the isolates from Venezuela, one with the Bolivian isolates and one with the isolates from Ecuador and Peru. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kochel, Tadeusz; Aguilar, Patricia; Felices, Vidal; Cruz, Cristopher; Olson, James; Blair, Patrick] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Aguilar, Patricia; Felices, Vidal; Cruz, Cristopher; Olson, James; Blair, Patrick] Amer Embassy, Lima, Peru. [Comach, Guillermo] BIOMED UC, Lab Reg Diagnost & Invest Dengue & Otras Enfermed, Maracay 2105, Estado Arague, Venezuela. [Alava, Aracely] Inst Nacl Higiene & Med Trop Leopoldo Izquieta Pe, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Vargas, Jorge] Ctr Nacl Enfermedades Trop, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RP Kochel, T (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM tad.kochel@med.navy.mil; patricia.aguilar@med.navy.mil; vidal.felices@med.navy.mil; gcomach@cant.net; cristopher.cruz@med.navy.mil; payara@comcast.net; blairnamru2@yahoo.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX We thank Zonia Rios, Roxana Caceda and Carolina Guevara for invaluable technical support. This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, WORK UNIT NUMBER: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board (Protocols NMRCD.2000.0009 and NMRCD.2000.0006) in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 682 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.06.008 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 361XK UT WOS:000260160900023 PM 18674640 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Tornori, T Teranishi, K Yun, J McCarron, R Mahon, R AF Arnaud, Francoise Tornori, Toshiki Teranishi, Kohsuke Yun, Joon McCarron, Richard Mahon, Richard TI Evaluation of chest seal performance in a swine model - Comparison of Asherman vs. Bolin seal SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE chest seal; pneumothorax; injury; seal adhesion ID PNEUMOTHORAX AB Introduction: Chest seats are externally applied devices used to treat an open pneumothorax. There is concern that chest seats used for treatment of an open pneumothorax can fail due to coagulation or malfunction of the external vent and poor skin adherence. Chest seat failure may lead to respiratory compromise or the development of a tension pneumothorax. The objective of this project was to compare the efficacy and adhesive capacity of two chest seats: Asherman and Bolin. Methods: An open pneumothorax model in the swine (30 kg) was developed to test the performance of Asherman (n = 8) and Bolin (n = 8) seats based on haemodynamic and ultrasonographic changes following intrathoracic air and blood infusion. Seat adherence measured on a scale from 0 (poor) to 3 (good) was tested on dry skin and skin soiled with blood. Results: After standardised perforation of the chest cavity and aperture blocking, an air infusion of 372 (S.D. 214 ml) was sufficient to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 20%. Both chest seats prevented a significant fall in MAP after infusion of 1500 ml air into the chest cavity, and had similar adherence scores (2.6 (S.D. 0.8) and 2.8 (S.D. 0.6)) on dry skin. However, on blood soiled skin the Bolin seat had a higher score (2.7 (S.D. 0.6) vs. 0.4 (S.D. 0.7); p < 0.01). Ultrasound did not yield interpretable results to differentiate between Asherman and Bolin seals. Conclusions: The Bolin and Asherman chest seats were equivalent in preventing the development of a tension pneumothorax in this open pneumothorax model. However, the Bolin chest seat demonstrated stronger adherence in blood soiled conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Arnaud, Francoise; Tornori, Toshiki; Teranishi, Kohsuke; McCarron, Richard] USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Yun, Joon; Mahon, Richard] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McCarron, Richard] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM francoise.arnaud@med.navy.mil FU MARCORSYSCOM [600-188-00000-00-103207, AO410] FX The authors thank Ashraful Haque for his surgical assistance and Diana Temple for editorial support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This work was funded by MARCORSYSCOM, Work Unit Number 600-188-00000-00-103207; AO410. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1088 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2008.03.003 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 352TM UT WOS:000259520300017 PM 18589420 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Rosenthal, RE AF Brown, Gerald G. Rosenthal, Richard E. TI Optimization Tradecraft: Hard-Won Insights from Real-World Decision Support SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE decision-support systems; integer programming applications; linear programming applications AB Practitioners of optimization-based decision support advise commerce and government on how to coordinate the activities of millions of people who employ assets worth trillions of dollars. The contributions of these practitioners substantially improve planning methods that benefit our security and welfare. The success of real-world optimization applications depends on a few trade secrets that are essential, but that rarely, if at all, appear in textbooks. This paper summarizes a set of these secrets and uses examples to discuss each. C1 [Brown, Gerald G.; Rosenthal, Richard E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 356 EP 366 DI 10.1287/inte.1080.0382 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 368HE UT WOS:000260611400002 ER PT J AU Wadley, H Dharmasena, K Chen, YC Dudt, P Knight, D Charette, R Kiddy, K AF Wadley, Haydn Dharmasena, Kumar Chen, Yungchia Dudt, Philip Knight, David Charette, Robert Kiddy, Kenneth TI Compressive response of multilayered pyramidal lattices during underwater shock loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE compressive response; sandwich panels; pyramidal lattice; impulse loading ID CLAMPED SANDWICH PLATES; CORES; BEAMS; BLAST; PERFORMANCE; FAILURE; PANELS AB The quasi-static and dynamic compressive mechanical response of a multilayered pyramidal lattice structure constructed from stainless-steel was investigated. The lattices were fabricated by folding perforated 304 stainless steel sheets and bonding them to thin intervening sheets using a transient liquid-phase bonding technique. The resulting structure was attached to thick face sheets and the through thickness mechanical response was investigated quasi-statically and dynamically, in the latter case using a planar explosive loading technique. The lattice is found to crush in a progressive manner by the sequential (cooperative) buckling of truss layers. This results in a quasi-static stress strain response that exhibits a significant "metal foam" like stress plateau to strains of about 60% before rapid hardening due to truss impingement with the intermediate face sheets. During dynamic loading, sequential buckling of the truss layers was manifested as a series of transmitted pressure pulses measured at the back face of the test samples. The sequential buckling extended the duration of the back face pressure-time waveform and significantly reduced the transmitted pressure measured at the back face. The impulse transmitted to the structure is found to be about 28% less than that predicted by analytic treatments of the fluid-structure interaction for fully supported structures. This transmitted impulse reduction appears to be a consequence of the wet side face sheet movement away from the blast wave and is facilitated by the low crush resistance of the-lattice structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wadley, Haydn; Dharmasena, Kumar] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chen, Yungchia; Dudt, Philip; Knight, David; Charette, Robert] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. [Kiddy, Kenneth] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Dharmasena, K (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kpd2t@virginia.edu NR 33 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1102 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.06.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 318MU UT WOS:000257096800014 ER PT J AU Masakowski, YR AF Masakowski, Y. R. TI Cognition-centric design: Implications for system design & decision making SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th World Congress of Psychophysiology the Olympics of the Brain CY SEP 08-13, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Int Org Psychophysiol C1 [Masakowski, Y. R.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.352 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 336VU UT WOS:000258393700024 ER PT J AU Schmorrow, D Estabrooke, I AF Schmorrow, D. Estabrooke, I. TI Revolutions in modern psychophysiology: Recent advances to improve human information processing from the emergent field of augmented cognition and operational neuroscience SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th World Congress of Psychophysiology the Olympics of the Brain CY SEP 08-13, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Int Org Psychophysiol C1 [Schmorrow, D.; Estabrooke, I.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.349 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 336VU UT WOS:000258393700021 ER PT J AU Kapur, SP AF Kapur, S. Paul TI Ten years of instability in a nuclear South Asia SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Review AB The tenth anniversary of India's and Pakistan's 1998 nuclear tests enables scholars to revisit the issue of South Asian proliferation with a decade of hindsight. What lessons do the intervening years hold regarding nuclear weapons' impact on South Asian security? Some scholars claim that nuclear weapons had a beneficial effect during this period, helping to stabilize historically volatile Indo-Pakistani relations. Such optimistic analyses of proliferation's regional security impact are mistaken, however. Nuclear weapons have had two destabilizing effects on the South Asian security environment. First, nuclear weapons' ability to shield Pakistan against all-out Indian retaliation, and to attract international attention to Pakistan's dispute with India, encouraged aggressive Pakistani behavior. This, in turn, provoked forceful Indian responses, ranging from large-scale mobilization to limited war. Although the resulting Indo-Pakistani crises did not lead to nuclear or full-scale conventional conflict, such fortunate outcomes were not guaranteed and did not result primarily from nuclear deterrence. Second, these Indo-Pakistani crises led India to adopt a more aggressive conventional military posture toward Pakistan. This development could exacerbate regional security-dilemma dynamics and increase the likelihood of Indo-Pakistani conflict in years to come. Thus nuclear weapons not only destabilized South Asia in the first decade after the nuclear tests; they may damage the regional security environment well into the future. C1 [Kapur, S. Paul] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kapur, S. Paul] Stanford Univ, Ctr Int Secur & Cooperat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kapur, SP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 109 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 71 EP + DI 10.1162/isec.2008.33.2.71 PG 25 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 355HR UT WOS:000259700500003 ER PT J AU Weintrob, AC Fieberg, AM Agan, BK Ganesan, A Crum-Cianflone, NF Marconi, VC Roediger, M Fraser, SL Wegner, SA Wortmann, GW AF Weintrob, Amy C. Fieberg, Ann M. Agan, Brian K. Ganesan, Anuradha Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Marconi, Vincent C. Roediger, Mollie Fraser, Susan L. Wegner, Scott A. Wortmann, Glenn W. TI Increasing age at HIV seroconversion from 18 to 40 years is associated with favorable virologic and immunologic responses to HAART SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE age; HIV; highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); virologic response; immunologic response; clinical response ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; OBSERVATIONAL COHORT; ADHERENCE; SURVIVAL; OLDER; AIDS AB Background: Studies evaluating the effect of age on response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been limited by their inability to control for duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined the effect of age at HIV seroconversion on response to HAART. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a longitudinal US military cohort of HIV-infected subjects. Time to and maintenance of viral Suppression, rate of CD4 cell increase, and rate of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death were compared across age groups using time-to-event methods. Results: Five hundred sixty-three HIV-infected adults who seroconverted after January 1, 1996, and started HAART were included. Increasing age at seroconversion was significantly associated with faster time to viral Suppression (P = 0.002). Increasing age also correlated with duration Of Suppression, with a 35% reduction in risk of viral rebound for every 5-year increase in age above 18 years (hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.75). The rate of CD4 cell increase from 6 to 84 months post-HAART was significantly greater in those who seroconverted at older ages (P = 0.0002). Rates of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death did not differ between groups. Conclusions: increasing age at seroconversion was associated with shorter time to and longer maintenance of viral suppression and a faster increase in CD4 cell count. C1 [Weintrob, Amy C.; Fieberg, Ann M.; Agan, Brian K.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Roediger, Mollie; Fraser, Susan L.; Wegner, Scott A.; Wortmann, Glenn W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.; Wortmann, Glenn W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fieberg, Ann M.; Roediger, Mollie] Univ Minnesota, Coordinating Ctr Biometr Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Fraser, Susan L.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Weintrob, AC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Ward 63,Room 6312, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM amy.weintrob@na.amedd.army.mil RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817bec05 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 343IW UT WOS:000258847800006 PM 18667932 ER PT J AU Green, BE AF Green, Bradford E. TI Computational Prediction of Nose-Down Control for F/A-18E at High Alpha SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E Super Hornet configuration with neutral and full nose-down control at high angle of attack, subsonic conditions. Such data contribute to an analysis of the ability of the pilot to recover from extreme angles of attack and are usually obtained and extrapolated from wind-tunnel tests. The current computational study was intended to be an exploratory study of the usefulness of computational fluid dynamics to aid the designer and analysts in predictions of flight behavior. The calculations were made for Mach 0.082 at a Reynolds number of 1.15 x 10(6) based on mean aerodynamic chord at angles of attack between 0 and 60 deg. The F/A-18E was modeled with 34-deg leading-edge flaps, 4-deg trailing-edge flaps, 0-deg aileron deflection, a rudder deflection of 30 deg, a spoiler deflection of 60 deg, and horizontal-tail deflections of 0 and 20 deg. The flow conditions and configuration corresponded to those used in tests of a 15%-scale F/A-18E wind-tunnel model tested at the 30- by 60-ft full-scale wind tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The flow solver used during this project was USM3D, which was developed by the NASA Langley Research Center. The forces and moments predicted by USM3D compared well to the wind-tunnel data for angles of attack between 0 and 40 deg. For angles of attack from 40 to 60 deg, however., the results from USM3D differed from the wind-tunnel data. These differences are attributed to the unsteady nature of the flow and turbulence effects not adequately captured by the computations. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. FU HPCMO through the CST portfolio; NASA Langley Research Center FX The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the funding that was granted for this study by the HPCMO through the CST portfolio. In addition, the author would like to thank David Findlay and James Chung for their guidance and insight. Also, the author would like to thank the HPCMO for the many hours of computer time that was necessary to complete this computational study. Finally, the author acknowledges the advice and guidance of the following individuals: Steve Hynes and Alex Kokolios of the Naval Air Systems Command; Robert Hall, Neal Frink, and Mike Fremaux of NASA Langley Research Center; Joseph Chambers, retired NASA Langley Research Center consultant; and Mohagna Pandya of Analytical Services and Materials. The author would also like to thank Edward Dickes of Bihrle Applied Research forproviding the wind-tunnel test data (with permission of the Navy and the Boeing Company) and information about the test that was used to validate the CFD calculations. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.2514/1.34562 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360RF UT WOS:000260074500020 ER PT J AU Bajwa, N Ingale, A Avasthi, DK Kumar, R Tripathi, A Dharamvir, K Jindal, VK AF Bajwa, Navdeep Ingale, Alka Avasthi, D. K. Kumar, Ravi Tripathi, A. Dharamvir, Keya Jindal, V. K. TI Role of electron energy loss in modification of C(60) thin films by swift heavy ions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT THERMAL-PROCESS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; FULLERENE FILMS; HIGH-PRESSURE; SOLID C-60; IRRADIATION; POLYMERIZATION; SCATTERING; METALS AB This paper presents a comparative study of the effects of irradiation by swift heavy ions (SHIs) with Se values ranging from 80 to 1270 eV/angstrom and fluence ranges varying between 10(10) and 10(14) ions/cm(2) incident on thin films of C(60). The control over S(e) is exercised through the choice of ion species for irradiation (O, Ni, and Au). Structural changes in C(60) were investigated quantitatively using Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that at low fluences polymer formation takes place whereas at high fluences there is complete fragmentation of C(60), resulting in amorphous carbon formation. Measured values of band gap and in situ resistivity decrease with fluence. This result is consistent with the structural modifications observed by Raman spectroscopy. The composition of the polymer fraction formed (e.g., the content of two dimensional polymerized network of C(60) molecules) as well as that of a-C (e.g., the content of nanographite) also vary with S(e) of the ion used. A phenomenological model, taking into account the ion track, enables us to explain the trend of polymer formation as well as fragmentation of C(60), with increasing fluence of SHL The cross section for damage (fragmentation of C(60) molecules) has two values-one effective at low fluences and the other at high fluences. By arriving at a quantitative formula giving the fraction of polymer/damaged C(60) molecules at any given fluence, we are able to predict the fluence and ion species required for a given amount of polymerization/damage or vice versa. Effort has been made to correlate S, and S, values to the damage cross sections using data from this work along with those from other experiments using keV and MeV ions. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Dharamvir, Keya; Jindal, V. K.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Bajwa, Navdeep] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ingale, Alka] Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Laser Phys Applicat Div, Indore 452013, India. [Avasthi, D. K.; Kumar, Ravi; Tripathi, A.] Inter Univ, Accelerator Ctr, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Jindal, VK (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. EM jindal@pu.ac.in RI Tripathi, A./E-5455-2011; Jindal, V /D-3375-2009; Avasthi, Devesh /D-4712-2013 OI Tripathi, A./0000-0002-1240-5836; Jindal, V /0000-0003-3240-4643; FU Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India [SP/S2/M13/96]; Nuclear Science Center and UGC, India [NSC/XIII/UFUP-30311/288/]; DRDO; TBRL, Chandigarh; CSIR, New Delhi, India [9/135(482)/2004/EMR-I] FX V.K.J. and K.D. wish to acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for funding a project with Grant No. SP/S2/M13/96 when the work related to this topic was started. N.B. and K.D. also acknowledge the Nuclear Science Center and UGC, India for Grant No. NSC/XIII/UFUP-30311/288/. V.K.J. also acknowledges support from DRDO, through TBRL, Chandigarh for research funding. Furthermore, N.B. acknowledges CSIR, New Delhi, India for award through Letter No. 9/135(482)/2004/EMR-I for the fellowship during this study. A.I. wishes to thank Dr. K. C. Rustagi and Dr. S. C. Mehendale of RRCAT, Indore for encouragement during the course of this work and Michael Schmitt and W. Kiefer, University of Wurzburg, for use of their Raman facilities. We also wish to thank Vishal Narang for technical help in preparing the manuscript. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054306 DI 10.1063/1.2968340 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600112 ER PT J AU Conroy, MW Oleynik, II Zybin, SV White, CT AF Conroy, M. W. Oleynik, I. I. Zybin, S. V. White, C. T. TI First-principles anisotropic constitutive relationships in beta-cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (beta-HMX) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; AB-INITIO; HYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; BASIS-SET; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; RDX AB First-principles density functional theory calculations have been performed to obtain constitutive relationships in the crystalline energetic material beta-cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (beta-HMX). In addition to hydrostatic loading, uniaxial compressions in the directions normal to the 11001, 10101, {001}, {110}, {101}, {011}, and {111} planes have been performed to investigate the anisotropic equation of state (EOS). The calculated lattice parameters and hydrostatic EOS are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. The uniaxial compression data show a significant anisotropy in the principal stresses, change in energy, band gap, and shear stresses, which might lead to the anisotropy of the elastic-plastic shock transition and shock sensitivity of beta-HMX. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Conroy, M. W.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zybin, S. V.] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Conroy, MW (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM mconroy@shell.cas.usf.edu RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00173-06-1-GO22, N00173-08-2-CO02, N00014-05-1-0778, N00014-08-WX-20138]; Army Research Office [W901NF-05-1-0266, W911NF-05-1-0345]; DURIP [W911NF-07-10212]; NSF [TG-DMR070018N] FX The authors wish to thank D. Hooks, M. Nicol, S. Peiris, and O. Tschauner for stimulating discussions. The work at USF was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) (Grant Nos. N00173-06-1-GO22 and N00173-08-2-CO02) and partly by the Army Research Office through the Multi-University Research Initiative on Insensitive Munitions (Grant No. W901NF-05-1-0266) and DURIP (Grant No. W911NF-07-10212). The work at Caltech was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (Grant No. N00014-05-1-0778) and the Army Research Office through the Multi-University Research Initiative on Insensitive Munitions (Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0345). The work at NRL was supported by ONR both directly (Grant No. N00014-08-WX-20138) and through NRL. The computations were performed using NSF Teragrid computational facilities (Grant No. TG-DMR070018N). NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 053506 DI 10.1063/1.2973689 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600036 ER PT J AU Whiddon, DR Zehms, CT Miller, MD Quinby, JS Montgomery, SL Sekiya, JK AF Whiddon, David R. Zehms, Chad T. Miller, Mark D. Quinby, J. Scott Montgomery, Scott L. Sekiya, Jon K. TI Double compared with single-bundle open inlay posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a cadaver model SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID POSTEROLATERAL ROTATORY INSTABILITY; IN-SITU FORCES; KNEE-JOINT; ALLOGRAFT; COMPLEX; TENODESIS; AUTOGRAFT; INJURIES; OUTCOMES; ANATOMY AB Background: There is considerable controversy regarding whether a double-bundle reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament is superior to single-bundle techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare posterior tibial translation and external rotation following double and single-bundle tibial inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament in both a posterolateral corner-deficient and a repaired cadaver model. Methods: Posterior drawer testing, dial testing, and stress radiography were performed on nine cadaver knees. The intact knees served as controls. The posterior cruciate ligament and the posterolateral corner structures were resected, and each knee then underwent a double-bundle reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament. Following testing, both with and without the posterolateral corner repaired, the posteromedial bundle was released and the knee was retested with a single-bundle reconstruction. Results: With dial testing, external rotation measured a mean (and standard error) of 7.6 degrees +/- 0.40 degrees at 30 degrees of knee flexion and 9.0 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees at 90 degrees after the double-bundle reconstruction with posterolateral corner repair, and it measured 11.2 degrees +/- 1.4 degrees at both 300 and 900 after the single-bundle reconstruction with posterolateral corner repair. When dial testing was performed after the double-bundle reconstruction without posterolateral corner repair, external rotation measured a mean of 15.8 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees at 300 and 16.9 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees at 90 degrees; after the single-bundle reconstruction without posterolateral corner repair, it measured 20.1 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees at 30 degrees and 20.30 +/- 1.7 degrees at 90 degrees. Without posterolateral corner repair, the double-bundle reconstruction permitted significantly less external rotation than did the single-bundle reconstruction at 30 degrees (p = 0.03). Stress radiography showed the mean posterior displacement after the double-bundle reconstruction with posterolateral corner repair to be 3.3 +/- 1.4 mm. This value was not significantly different from the mean posterior displacement of 4.8 +/- 1.0 mm after the single-bundle reconstruction with posterolateral corner repair, and both values were similar to that for the intact control (2.9 +/- 0.5 mm) (p = 0.254). However, the single-bundle reconstruction without posterolateral corner repair was associated with significantly increased posterior displacement when compared with the intact controls (p = 0.039) and with the double-bundle reconstruction without posterolateral corner repair (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Double-bundle reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament offers measurable benefits in terms of rotational stability and posterior translation in the setting of an untreated posterolateral corner injury. With the posterolateral corner intact, at time zero, the double-bundle reconstruction used in this study provided more rotational constraint to the knee at 300 and it did not further reduce posterior translation. Clinical Relevance: Compared with single-bundle reconstruction, double-bundle reconstruction provided increased rotational and posterior control, which was most pronounced in the setting of an untreated posterolateral corner injury. This increased stability may be beneficial in the common clinical setting, in which these reconstructions tend to stretch over time. On the other hand, the persistence of the rotational overconstraint at 30 degrees of knee flexion seen with the double-bundle reconstruction in this study may be a risk factor for osteoarthritis. C1 [Whiddon, David R.; Zehms, Chad T.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Miller, Mark D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Quinby, J. Scott] Sports Med Clin N Texas, Dallas, TX 75204 USA. [Montgomery, Scott L.] Alton Ochsner Med Fdn & Ochsner Clin, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. [Sekiya, Jon K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. RP Whiddon, DR (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM sekiya@umich.edu RI Montgomery, Scott/E-7748-2011 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 90A IS 9 BP 1820 EP 1829 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01366 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 346DT UT WOS:000259049300002 PM 18762640 ER PT J AU Rao, RD Marawar, SV Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Shender, BS AF Rao, Raj D. Marawar, Satyajit V. Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Shender, Barry S. TI Computerized tomographic morphometric analysis of subaxial cervical spine pedicles in young asymptomatic volunteers SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID TRANSPEDICULAR SCREW FIXATION; CERVICOTHORACIC JUNCTION; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE ACCURACY; VERTEBRAE; RECONSTRUCTION; PLACEMENT; COMPLICATIONS; SYSTEMS; MIDDLE AB Background: Although cervical spine pedicle screws have been shown to provide excellent fixation, widespread acceptance of their use is limited because of the risk of injury to the spinal cord, nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. The risks of pedicle screw insertion in the cervical spine can be mitigated by a three-dimensional appreciation of pedicle anatomy. Normative data on three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry from a large, young, and asymptomatic North American population are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to determine three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry in a large group of young volunteers and to determine level and sex-specific morphologic differences. Methods: Helical computerized tomography scans were made from the third cervical to the seventh cervical vertebra in ninety-eight volunteers (sixty-three men and thirty-five women) with an average age of twenty-five years. Pedicle width, height, length, and transverse and sagittal angulations were measured bilaterally. Pedicle screw insertion positions were quantified in terms of mediolateral and superoinferior offsets relative to readily identifiable landmarks. Results: The mean pedicle width and height at all subaxial levels were sufficient to accommodate 3.5-mm screws in 98% of the volunteers. Pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm were rare (observed in association with only 1.7% of the pedicles), with 82% occurring in women and 72% occurring unilaterally. Screw insertion positions generally moved medially and superiorly at caudal levels. Transverse angulation was approximately 450 at the third to fifth cervical levels and was less at more caudal levels. Sagittal angulation changed from a cranial orientation at superior levels to a caudal orientation at inferior levels. Mediolateral and superoinferior insertion positions and sagittal angulations were significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on sex and spinal level. Transverse angulation was significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on spinal level. Conclusions: Pedicle screw insertion points and orientation are significantly different (p < 0.05) at most subaxial cervical levels and between men and women. Preoperative imaging studies should be carefully templated for pedicle size in all patients on a level-specific basis. Although the prevalence was low, women were more likely to have pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm. Clinical Relevance: The present study provides normative data on subaxial cervical pedicle geometry from a large sample of young, healthy men and women. The data may be useful for preoperative planning for pedicle screw fixation. C1 [Rao, Raj D.; Marawar, Satyajit V.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Med Assoc,Code 4656, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Rao, RD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rrao@mcw.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense [N00421-02-C-3005]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX In support of their search for or preparation of this work. one or more of the authors received, in anyone year, outside funding or grants in excess of $10,000 from the United States Office of Naval Research, Department of Defense, through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division contract N00421-02-C-3005 and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors. or a member of their immediate families. are affiliated or associated. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 90A IS 9 BP 1914 EP 1921 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01166 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 346DT UT WOS:000259049300014 PM 18762652 ER PT J AU Wang, B Wu, ZW Li, JP Liu, J Chang, CP Ding, YH Wu, GX AF Wang, Bin Wu, Zhiwei Li, Jianping Liu, Jian Chang, Chih-Pei Ding, Yihui Wu, Guoxiong TI How to measure the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SUMMER; TROPICAL PACIFIC SSTS; SOUTH CHINA SEA; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; INDEX; ENSO; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Defining the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has been extremely controversial. This paper elaborates on the meanings of 25 existing EASM indices in terms of two observed major modes of interannual variation in the precipitation and circulation anomalies for the 1979-2006 period. The existing indices can be classified into five categories: the east-west thermal contrast, north-south thermal contrast, shear vorticity of zonal winds, southwesterly monsoon, and South China Sea monsoon. The last four types of indices reflect various aspects of the leading mode of interannual variability of the EASM rainfall and circulations, which correspond to the decaying El Nino, while the first category reflects the second mode that corresponds to the developing El Nino. The authors recommend that the EASM strength can be represented by the principal component of the leading mode of the interannual variability, which provides a unified index for the majority of the existing indices. This new index is extremely robust, captures a large portion (50%) of the total variance of the precipitation and three-dimensional circulation, and has unique advantages over all the existing indices. The authors also recommend a simple index, the reversed Wang and Fan index, which is nearly identical to the leading principal component of the EASM and greatly facilitates real-time monitoring. The proposed index highlights the significance of the mei-yu/baiu/changma rainfall in gauging the strength of the EASM. The mei-yu, which is produced in the primary rain-bearing system, the East Asian (EA) subtropical front, better represents the variability of the EASM circulation system. This new index reverses the traditional Chinese meaning of a strong EASM, which corresponds to a deficient mei-yu that is associated with an abnormal northward extension of southerly over northern China. The new definition is consistent with the meaning used in other monsoon regions worldwide, where abundant rainfall within the major local rain-bearing monsoon system is considered to be a strong monsoon. C1 [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] Ocean Univ China, CPEO, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wu, Zhiwei; Li, Jianping; Wu, Guoxiong] CAS, LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wu, Zhiwei; Li, Jianping; Wu, Guoxiong] CAS, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jian] CAS, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Chang, Chih-Pei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chang, Chih-Pei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Ding, Yihui] CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, 1680 E W Rd,POST 40, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wangbin@hawaii.edu FU NSF [ATM03-29531]; IPRC; FRCGC/JAMSTEC; NASA; NOAA; National Basic Research [2006CB403600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40523001, 40672210, 40599423]; NSC; National Taiwan University FX Bin Wang is supported by the NSF climate dynamics program (ATM03-29531) and in part by IPRC, which is in part sponsored by FRCGC/JAMSTEC, NASA, and NOAA. Zhiwei Wu, Jianping Li, Guoxiong Wu, and Yihui Ding acknowledge the support of the National Basic Research Program "973" (Grant 2006CB403600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40523001). Jian Liu and Bin Wang acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40672210 and 40599423). C.-P. Chang was supported in part by an NSC research chair professorship at National Taiwan University. NR 72 TC 178 Z9 216 U1 8 U2 106 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4449 EP 4463 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2183.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345JC UT WOS:000258991500017 ER PT J AU Olson, SE Christlieb, AJ AF Olson, Spencer E. Christlieb, Andrew J. TI Gridless DSMC SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE direct simulation Monte Carlo; DSMC; octree; gridless; meshless ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; RAREFIED-GAS DYNAMICS; PARTICLE SIMULATION; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; FLOWS; REFINEMENT; ALGORITHM; DISCHARGE; PLASMA; ERROR AB This work concerns the development of a gridless method for modeling the inter-particle collisions of a gas. Conventional fixed-grid algorithms are susceptible to grid-mismatch to the physical system, resulting in erroneous solutions. On the contrary, a gridless algorithm can be used to simulate various physical systems without the need to perform grid-mesh optimization. An octree algorithm provides the gridless character to a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code by automatically sorting nearest-neighbor gas particles into local clusters. Automatic clustering allows abstraction of the DSMC algorithm from the physical system of the problem in question. This abstraction provides flexibility for domains with complex geometries as well as a decreased code development time for a given physical problem. To evaluate the practicality of this code, the time required to perform the gridless overhead from the octree sort is investigated. This investigation shows that the gridless method can indeed be practical and compete with other DSMC codes. To validate gridless DSMC, results of several benchmark simulations are compared to results from a fixed-grid code. The benchmark simulations include several Couette flows of differing Knudsen number, low-velocity flow past a thin plate, and two hypersonic flows past embedded objects at a Mach number of 10. The results of this comparison to traditional DSMC are favorable. This work is intended to become part of a larger gridless simulation tool for collisional plasmas. Corresponding work includes a gridless field solver using an octree for the evaluation of long range electrostatic forces. We plan to merge the two methods creating a gridless framework for simulating collisional-plasmas. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Olson, Spencer E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Christlieb, Andrew J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Olson, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Spencer.E.Olson@umich.edu FU Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research [42791-PH]; Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-0144, FA9550-07-01-0092]; AFRL-PRSA at Edward's Air Force Base; AFRL-DEHE at Kirtland Air Force Base FX S.E. Olson thanks support from the Army Research Office and Office of Naval Research (Project No. 42791-PH) as well as the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics. A.J. Christlieb would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant Nos. FA9550-07-0144 and FA9550-07-01-0092), AFRL-PRSA at Edward's Air Force Base, and AFRL-DEHE at Kirtland Air Force Base for support of this work. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Quanhua Sun for supplying results for Couette flow calculations using standard DSMC. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 17 BP 8035 EP 8064 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.038 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 339LI UT WOS:000258578700003 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RN Almeida, LA Markunas, J Pellegrino, J Groenert, M Jaime-Vasquez, M Mahadik, N Andrews, C Qadri, SB Lee, T Kim, M AF Jacobs, R. N. Almeida, L. A. Markunas, J. Pellegrino, J. Groenert, M. Jaime-Vasquez, M. Mahadik, N. Andrews, C. Qadri, S. B. Lee, T. Kim, M. TI Relevance of thermal mismatch in large-area composite substrates for HgCdTe heteroepitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE residual film stress; thermal mismatch; HgCdTe; CdTe buffer; mismatched heteroepitaxy; silicon; germanium; gallium arsenide ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRITICAL THICKNESS; CDTE; QUALITY; GROWTH; DETECTORS; SURFACE; LAYERS; SI AB It is well known that the large lattice mismatch (> 14%) associated with CdTe/Si, CdTe/Ge, and CdTe/GaAs composite substrates, is a great contributor to large dislocation densities and other defects that limit the performance of HgCdTe-based infrared detectors. Though thermal expansion mismatch is another possible contributor to material defects, little work has been done towards documenting and understanding its effects in these systems. Here, we perform studies to determine the relative contributions of lattice and thermal mismatch to CdTe film characteristics, including dislocation density and residual stress. Unannealed and thermally cycled films are characterized using x-ray diffraction, defect decoration, and Nomarski and transmission electron microscopy. For CdTe/Si, the residual stress is consistently observed to be tensile, while for CdTe/Ge and CdTe/GaAs, a compressive residual film stress is measured. We show based on theoretically predicted stress levels that the experimental measurements imply the dominance of thermal mismatch in the residual stress characteristics. C1 [Jacobs, R. N.; Almeida, L. A.; Markunas, J.; Pellegrino, J.; Groenert, M.; Jaime-Vasquez, M.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Mahadik, N.; Andrews, C.; Qadri, S. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, T.; Kim, M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Jacobs, RN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM rjacobs@nvl.army.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009; Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1480 EP 1487 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0519-z PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 346AZ UT WOS:000259042100048 ER PT J AU Cooper, DE White, AA Werkema, AN Auge, BK AF Cooper, Daniel E. White, Andrew A. Werkema, Angelina N. Auge, Brain K. TI Case Report Anaphylaxis Following Cystoscopy With Equipment Sterilized With Cidex (R) OPA (Ortho-Phthalaldehyde): A Review Of Two Cases SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTION; GLUTARALDEHYDE AB Purpose: Ortho-phthalaldehyde (Cidex OPA) is a commonly used solution for rapid sterilization of flexible endoscopic equipment. We report two cases of anaphylaxis following cystoscopy with endoscopes sterilized with this agent. Only a handful of such reactions have been reported in the published literature, the majority of which are in the bladder cancer population undergoing surveillance cystoscopy. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the clinical presentation of two cases of anaphylaxis following flexible cystoscopy with instruments sterilized with ortho-pthalaldehyde. We further describe their subsequent evaluation by an allergy and immunology specialist who performed skin testing to confirm a suspected ortho-pthalaldehyde allergy. Results: Both patients were skin test positive to ortho-phthalaldehyde antigen. As a result, sterilization techniques for our flexible endoscopes has been altered. To date, no further anaphylactic reactions have occurred in our bladder cancer patients, including the two cases presented herein following subsequent cystoscopic evaluations. Conclusions: Ortho-phthalaldehyde-sterilized cystoscopes have been associated with anaphylactic reactions in a small number of patients who have undergone repeated cystoscopy. The manufacturer has already made recommendations to avoid this agent in bladder cancer patients. It may be prudent to extend this practice to other populations undergoing repeat cystoscopy. C1 [Cooper, Daniel E.; Werkema, Angelina N.; Auge, Brain K.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [White, Andrew A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Cooper, DE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM daniel.e.cooper@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2181 EP 2184 DI 10.1089/end.2007.0358 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 358EG UT WOS:000259899300101 PM 18811577 ER PT J AU Phillips, CA AF Phillips, Craig A. TI Guidance algorithm for range maximization and time-of-flight control of a guided projectile SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Missile Sciences Conference CY NOV 14-16, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; IMPACT ANGLE CONTROL; MISSILE GUIDANCE; PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION; ENGAGEMENTS; ENTRY; GLIDE AB The availability of gun-hardened guidance and control systems has made highly accurate gun-launched rocket-assisted guided projectiles feasible. A composite guidance algorithm is presented for such vehicles. The algorithm is capable of extending range and cross-range capability of the projectile, and allows it to be retargeted after launch. The algorithm also employs model predictive control to control time of flight to allow a salvo of projectiles to arrive simultaneously. The time-of-flight control achieves its objective by trajectory shaping and corrects for winds, off-nominal launch conditions, and rocket motor variations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Unmanned Syst Integrat Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Unmanned Syst Integrat Branch, G82,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1455 DI 10.2514/1.31327 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 349FB UT WOS:000259265600025 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, Fariba Ross, I. Michael TI Convergence of the costates does not imply convergence of the control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHODS; PRINCIPLE C1 [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FIATA0-60-62G002] FX We gratefully acknowledge partial funding for this research provided to one of the authors (Ross) by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under AFOSR grant FIATA0-60-62G002. We also take this opportunity to express our appreciation to Qi Gong, with whom we had many stimulating discussions about the convergence of pseudospectral methods. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1497 DI 10.2514/1.37331 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 349FB UT WOS:000259265600030 ER PT J AU Langlois, JLR Scheeres, D AF Langlois, Justin L. R. Scheeres, Daniel TI Examining groundtrack geometry transitions by evaluating the number of longitude-rate zeros SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Langlois, Justin L. R.] Univ Michigan, USN, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scheeres, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langlois, JLR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, USN, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.2514/1.34089 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 349FB UT WOS:000259265600036 ER PT J AU Lukacs, JA Yakimenko, OA AF Lukacs, John A., IV Yakimenko, Oleg A. TI Trajectory-shaping guidance for interception of ballistic missiles during the boost phase SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC C1 [Lukacs, John A., IV] USA, Def Tech Informat Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Yakimenko, Oleg A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lukacs, JA (reprint author), USA, Def Tech Informat Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM john.lukacs.iv@gmail.com; oayakime@nps.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1524 EP 1531 DI 10.2514/1.32262 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 349FB UT WOS:000259265600038 ER PT J AU Ames, GH Hansen, CM Poulsen, CV Maguire, JM AF Ames, Gregory H. Hansen, Christopher M. Poulsen, Christian V. Maguire, Jason M. TI Reduced Acceleration Sensitivity of Fiber Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fiber laser; frequency noise; interferometer; phase noise ID FREQUENCY; NOISE; FEEDBACK; MOPA AB A new packaging design is presented for an erbium-doped fiber laser, which is shown to greatly reduce the sensitivity of the laser frequency noise to environmental acceleration. The laser's performance makes it suitable for applications in interferometric systems in field environments where the laser may be exposed to high vibration. C1 [Ames, Gregory H.; Hansen, Christopher M.; Maguire, Jason M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Poulsen, Christian V.] Koheras AS, DK-3460 Birkerod, Denmark. RP Ames, GH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM amesgh@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; chanson@csciences.com; cvp@koheras.com; MaguireJM@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 17-20 BP 3149 EP 3154 DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.920120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 397IU UT WOS:000262657200019 ER PT J AU Brady, RR AF Brady, Ryan R. TI Structural breaks and consumer credit: Is consumption smoothing finally a reality? SO JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE consumption; consumer credit; structural breaks; deregulation ID PERMANENT-INCOME HYPOTHESIS; LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS; MONETARY-POLICY; UNITED-STATES; PANEL DATA; TESTS; CYCLE; INDUSTRY; ECONOMY; MODELS AB Has structural change in consumer credit made consumption smoother? Given recent empirical analysis the consumer's inability to smooth consumption appears as prevalent as ever. In this paper, however, I show that structural change in consumer credit appears to have made consumption smoothing a reality. First, using the statistical methods of Bai and Perron [Bai, J., Perron, P., 1998. Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica. 66(1), 47-78; Bai, J., Perron, P., 2003. Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics 18(1), 1-22], 1 find structural breaks in the series for consumer credit and consumption at various points from 1959 to 2005. Most notably, structural breaks occur in total consumer credit and revolving consumer credit in the 1990s. Based on the break date estimates, I estimate a structural equation of consumption growth in line with previous empirical tests of the permanent-income hypothesis. Consumption smoothing is evident in the data after the mid-1980s and into the 2000s. The findings of this paper have important implications for a variety of economic research. The evidence for consumption smoothing bears directly on the efficacy of monetary policy and fiscal policy, as well as on the recent discussion of the decline in macroeconomic volatility since the 1980s. (c) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brady, RR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd,Mail Stop 10D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbrady@usna.edu NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU LOUISIANA STATE UNIV PR PI BATON ROUGE PA BATON ROUGE, LA 70893 USA SN 0164-0704 J9 J MACROECON JI J. Macroecon. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1246 EP 1268 DI 10.1016/j.jmacro.2007.04.004 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 355AR UT WOS:000259681500025 ER PT J AU Prescott, DW Miller, JB Tourigny, CI Sauer, KL AF Prescott, David W. Miller, Joel B. Tourigny, Chris Sauer, Karen L. TI Nuclear quadrupole resonance single-pulse echoes SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NQR; inhomogeneous fields; single-pulse echo; explosives detection ID FREE-INDUCTION DECAY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN-LOCKING; NMR; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS AB We report the first detection of a spin echo after excitation of a powder sample by a single poise at the resonance frequency during nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). These echoes can Occur in samples that have an inhomogeneously broadened line, in this case due to the distribution of electric field gradients. The echoes are easily detectable when the Rabi frequency approaches the linewidth and the average effective tipping angle is close to 270 degrees. When limited by a weak radio-frequency field, the single-pulse echo can be used to increase the signal to noise ratio over conventional techniques. These effects can be Used to optimize the NQR detection of contraband containing quadrupole nuclei and they are demonstrated with glycine hemihydrochloride and hexhydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Prescott, David W.; Tourigny, Chris; Sauer, Karen L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Miller, Joel B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prescott, DW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4400 Univ Dr MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dprescot@gmu.edu FU NSF [0547987, 0137971]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported under NSF Grants #0547987 and #0137971, and J.B.M. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 EI 1096-0856 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 194 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.05.020 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 344OV UT WOS:000258938100001 PM 18571445 ER PT J AU Frazier, RM Feigelson, BN Twigg, ME Murthy, M Freitas, JA AF Frazier, R. M. Feigelson, B. N. Twigg, M. E. Murthy, M. Freitas, J. A. TI Growth and characterization of III-N bulk crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC-XIV) CY MAY 15-20, 2007 CL Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR HO Univ Arkansas ID GAN; DEVICES; TRANSISTOR; BLUE AB Hexagonal BN crystals were grown from solution by application of a thermal gradient. The solvent used to dissolve the source was optimized by changing the ratio of components to have the lowest melting point. The investigation of adding a third component demonstrated further reduction of the melting point with BN as an additive. A solution was created with enhanced properties allowing the growth of BN. BN was grown on a PBN seed at T(g) = 900 degrees C and P = 0.2 MPa for approximately 65 h. The BN crystals were found to be embedded in a solvent matrix, as determined by EDS. In addition, GaN crystals were grown in a modified solution at T(g) = 800 degrees C and P = 0.2 MPa. Raman spectroscopy verified wurtzite GaN structure with good crystallinity. The successful growth of BN and GaN from solution suggests this to be a method of choice for growth of the III-Ns, and may prove to be a viable alternative to current costly wafer production techniques. C1 [Frazier, R. M.; Feigelson, B. N.; Twigg, M. E.; Murthy, M.; Freitas, J. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Frazier, R. M.] Univ Alabama, AIME, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Feigelson, B. N.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Murthy, M.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Frazier, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rmfrazier@bama.ua.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8-9 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9500-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 301EK UT WOS:000255879000033 ER PT J AU Holtzclaw, D Toscano, N AF Holtzclaw, Dan Toscano, Nicholas TI Alternative anesthetic technique for maxillary periodontal surgery SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case report; injection; local anesthesia; maxilla; palate ID ANTERIOR; SYRINGE AB Background: Maxillary periodontal surgery typically requires multiple injections and may inadvertently affect facial structures such as the upper lip, lateral aspect of the nose, and lower eyelid. To minimize these sequelae and reduce the number of total injections, a relatively new injection technique has been proposed for maxillary procedures. The anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) injection is reported to effectively anesthetize maxillary teeth and associated gingival tissues extending from the buccal root of the first molar mesially to the central incisor with a single injection while avoiding undesirable side effects. The purpose of this article is to provide background information on the AMSA injection and demonstrate its use in a variety of maxillary periodontal surgeries. Methods: Anesthesia was provided for flue separate maxillary periodontal surgeries with unilateral or bilateral AMSA injections. Injections were administered via conventional syringe with a 27-gauge needle. Confirmation of anesthesia was subjectively tested with buccal mucosal sticks and palatal transgingival probing. Results: The AMSA injection provided promising results for a variety of maxillary periodontal surgical procedures. Benefits of the AMSA injection included outstanding palatal hemostatic control, avoidance of undesirable collateral anesthesia, and a reduced number of cumulative injections. Drawbacks of the AMSA injection included occasionally inadequate buccal hemostatic control and short-lived anesthesia of the maxillary central incisors. Conclusion: The AMSA injection is a novel anesthetic technique that may prove useful for certain maxillary periodontal surgeries. C1 [Holtzclaw, Dan] USN, Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Periodont, Pensacola, FL USA. [Toscano, Nicholas] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Holtzclaw, D (reprint author), Naval Air Stn Pensacola, Hlth Clin, Naval Branch, 450 Turner St, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1769 EP 1772 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.070621 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 350IS UT WOS:000259346600022 PM 18771380 ER PT J AU de Groot-Hedlin, CD Hedlin, MAH Walker, KT Drob, DP Zumberge, MA AF de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine D. Hedlin, Michael A. H. Walker, Kristoffer T. Drob, Douglas P. Zumberge, Mark A. TI Evaluation of infrasound signals from the shuttle Atlantis using a large seismic network SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOVING MEDIUM; SONIC-BOOMS; ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; CONCORDE; MIDDLE; MODEL; RAY AB Inclement weather in Florida forced the space shuttle "Atlantis" to land at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California on June 22, 2007, passing near three infrasound stations and several hundred seismic stations in northern Mexico, southern California, and Nevada. The high signal-to-noise ratio, broad receiver coverage, and Atlantis' positional information allow for the testing of infrasound propagation modeling capabilities through the atmosphere to regional distances. Shadow zones and arrival times are predicted by tracing rays that are launched at right angles to the conical shock front surrounding the shuttle through a standard climatological model as well as a global ground to space model. The predictions and observations compare favorably over much of the study area for both atmospheric specifications. To the east of the shuttle trajectory, there were no detections beyond the primary acoustic carpet. Infrasound energy was detected hundreds of kilometers to the west and northwest (NW) of the shuttle trajectory, consistent with the predictions of ducting due to the westward summer-time stratospheric jet. Both atmospheric models predict alternating regions of high and low ensonifications to the NW. However, infrasound energy was detected tens of kilometers beyond the predicted zones of ensonification, possibly due to uncertainties in stratospheric wind speeds. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine D.; Hedlin, Michael A. H.; Walker, Kristoffer T.; Zumberge, Mark A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Groot-Hedlin, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine/A-4919-2013; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine/0000-0002-3063-2805; Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1442 EP 1451 DI 10.1121/1.2956475 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 356PQ UT WOS:000259790500007 PM 19045636 ER PT J AU Colosi, JA AF Colosi, John A. TI Acoustic mode coupling induced by shallow water nonlinear internal waves: Sensitivity to environmental conditions and space-time scales of internal waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUND INTENSITY; PROPAGATION; SOLITONS; OCEAN; TRANSMISSIONS; STATISTICS AB While many results have been intuited from numerical simulation studies, the precise connections between shallow-water acoustic variability and the space-time scales of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) as well as the background environmental conditions have not been clearly established analytically. Two-dimensional coupled mode propagation through NLIWs is examined using a perturbation series solution in which each order n is associated with nth-order multiple scattering. Importantly, the perturbation solution gives resonance conditions that pick out specific NLIW scales that cause coupling, and seabed attenuation is demonstrated to broaden these resonances, fundamentally changing the coupling behavior at low frequency. Sound-speed inhomogeneities caused by internal solitary waves (ISWs) are primarily considered and the dependence of mode coupling on ISW amplitude, range width, depth structure, location relative to the source, and packet characteristics are delineated as a function of acoustic frequency. In addition, it is seen that significant energy transfer to modes with initially low or zero energy involves at least a second order scattering process. Under moderate scattering conditions, comparisons of first order, single scattering theoretical predictions to direct numerical simulation demonstrate the accuracy of the approach for acoustic frequencies upto 400 Hz and for single as well as multiple ISW wave packets. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colosi, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1452 EP 1464 DI 10.1121/1.2956471 PN 1 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 356PQ UT WOS:000259790500008 PM 19045637 ER PT J AU Turgut, A Yamamoto, T AF Turgut, Altan Yamamoto, Tokuo TI In situ measurements of velocity dispersion and attenuation in New Jersey Shelf sediments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB The existence of acoustic velocity dispersion and frequency dependence of attenuation in marine sediments is investigated using in situ measurements from a wideband acoustic probe system during the Shallow Water 2006 experiment. Direct-path pulse propagation measurements show evidence of velocity dispersion within the 10-80 kHz frequency band at two silty-sand sites on the New Jersey Shelf. The measured attenuation in dB/m shows linear frequency dependency within the 10-80 kHz frequency band. The measured velocity dispersion and attenuation curves are in good agreement with those predicted by an extended Biot theory [Yamamoto and Turgut, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1744-1751 (1988)] for sediments with a distribution of pore sizes. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Turgut, Altan] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yamamoto, Tokuo] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM turgut@nrl.navy.mil; Tyamamoto@rsmas.miami.edu FU Office of the Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of the Naval Research. The authors thank the crew of the R/V Knorr for the excellent support during the 2006 Shallow Water Experiment. They also thank Chief Scientist Dr. D. J. Tang for the scientific support. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP EL122 EP EL127 DI 10.1121/1.2961404 PN 2 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 356PR UT WOS:000259790600011 PM 19045553 ER PT J AU Choi, SR AF Choi, Sung R. TI Foreign object damage phenomenon by steel ball projectiles in a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite at ambient and elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; PARTICLE IMPACT; INDENTATION; SURFACES; EROSION; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) phenomenon of a gas-turbine grade SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was determined at 25 degrees and 1316 degrees C using impact velocities ranging from 115 to 440 m/s by 1.59-mm diameter steel ball projectiles. Two types of target-specimen support were employed at each temperature: fully supported and partially supported. For a given temperature, the degree of impact damage increased with increasing impact velocity, and was greater in partial support than in full support. The elevated-temperature FOD resistance of the composite, particularly in partial support at higher impact velocities >= 350 m/s, was significantly less than the ambient-temperature counterpart, attributed to a weakening effect of the composite. In full support, frontal contact stresses played a major role in generating composite damage; whereas, in partial support both frontal contact and backside tensile stresses were combined sources of damage generation. Formation of cone cracks initiating from impact site was also one of the key damage features. The SiC/SiC composite was able to survive higher energy impacts without complete structural failure, as compared with gas-turbine grade AS800 and SN282 monolithic silicon nitrides. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choil@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was financially supported by Office of Naval Research NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2963 EP 2968 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02498.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 347ON UT WOS:000259151000030 ER PT J AU Holtzclaw, D Toscano, N Eisenlohr, L Callan, D AF Holtzclaw, Dan Toscano, Nicholas Eisenlohr, Lisa Callan, Don TI The safety of bone allografts used in dentistry - A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bone; bone grafting; disclosure; doctor-patient relationship; documentation; patient education ID TISSUE; TRANSPLANTATION; KNEE AB Background. Recent media reports concerning "stolen body parts" have shaken the public's trust in the safety of and the use of ethical practices involving human allografts. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the safety aspects of human bone allografts. Methods. The authors reviewed U.S. government regulations, industry standards, independent industry association guidelines, company guidelines and scientific articles related to the use of human bone allografts in the practice of dentistry published in the English language. Results. The use of human bone allografts in the practice of dentistry involves the steps of procurement, processing, use and tracking. Rigorous donor screening and aseptic proprietary processing programs have rendered the use of human bone allografts safe and effective as a treatment option. Conclusions. When purchasing human bone allografts for the practice of dentistry, one should choose products accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks for meeting uniformly high safety and quality control measures. Clinical Implications. Knowledge of human bone allograft procurement, processing, use and tracking procedures may allow dental clinicians to better educate their patients and address concerns about this valuable treatment option. C1 [Holtzclaw, Dan] USN, Air Stn Pensacola, Naval Branch Hlth Clin, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. [Toscano, Nicholas] USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Washington Navy Yard, WA USA. [Eisenlohr, Lisa] LifeNet Hlth, Bioimplants Div, Phy & Med Staff Educ, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Callan, Don] Ltd Implants & Bone Regenerat, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Holtzclaw, D (reprint author), USN, Air Stn Pensacola, Naval Branch Hlth Clin, 450 Turner St, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM Danny.Holtzclaw@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 139 IS 9 BP 1192 EP 1199 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 348WX UT WOS:000259241900012 PM 18762629 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Farooq, M Cooperband, MF AF Hoffmann, W. Clint Fritz, Bradley K. Farooq, Muhammad Cooperband, Miriam F. TI Effects of wind speed on aerosol spray penetration in adult mosquito bioassay cages SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sentinel mosquito cages; ULV; droplet deposition; wind tunnel; laser diffraction ID DROPLET SIZE; SCREENS AB Bioassay cages are commonly used to assess efficacy of insecticides against adult mosquitoes in the field. To correlate adult mortality readings to insecticidal efficacy and/or spray application parameters properly, it is important to know how the cage used in the bioassay interacts with the spray cloud containing the applied insecticide. This study compared the size of droplets, wind speed, and amount of spray material penetrating cages and outside of cages in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds. Two bioassay cages, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) and Circle, were evaluated. The screen materials used on these cages reduced the size of droplets, wind speed, and amount of spray material inside the cages as compared to the spray cloud and wind velocity outside of the cages. When the wind speed in the dispersion tunnel was set at 0.6 m/sec (1.3 mph), the mean wind speed inside of the CMAVE Bioassay Cage and Circle Cage was 0.045 m/sec (0.10 mph) and 0.075 m/sec (0.17 mph), respectively. At air velocities of 2.2 m/sec (4.9 mph) in the dispersion tunnel, the mean wind speed inside of the CMAVE Bioassay Cage and Circle Cage was 0.83 m/sec (1.86 mph) and 0.71 m/sec (1.59 mph), respectively. Consequently, there was a consistent 50-70% reduction of spray material penetrating the cages compared to the spray cloud that approached the cages. These results provide a better understanding of the impact of wind speed, cage design, and construction on ultra-low-volume spray droplets. C1 [Hoffmann, W. Clint] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fritz, Bradley K.; Farooq, Muhammad] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Cooperband, Miriam F.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The authors would like to thank Phil Jank for his assistance during data collection and processing. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.2987/5707.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 351XX UT WOS:000259460400013 PM 18939696 ER PT J AU Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Remiszewska, J Witek, M Reid, EA Reid, JS Bucholtz, A Holben, B AF Markowicz, K. M. Flatau, P. J. Remiszewska, J. Witek, M. Reid, E. A. Reid, J. S. Bucholtz, A. Holben, B. TI Observations and modeling of the surface aerosol radiative forcing during UAE(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VAPOR COLUMN ABUNDANCE; KUWAIT OIL FIRES; WATER-VAPOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DUST AEROSOLS; PERSIAN-GULF AB Aerosol radiative forcing in the Persian Gulf region is derived from data collected during the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE(2)). This campaign took place in August and September of 2004. The land -sea-breeze circulation modulates the diurnal variability of the aerosol properties and aerosol radiative forcing at the surface. Larger aerosol radiative forcing is observed during the land breeze in comparison to the sea breeze. The aerosol optical properties change as the onshore wind brings slightly cleaner air. The mean diurnal value of the surface aerosol forcing during the UAE2 campaign is about -20 W m(-2), which corresponds to large aerosol optical thickness (0.45 at 500 nm). The aerosol forcing efficiency [i. e., broadband shortwave forcing per unit optical depth at 550 nm, W m(-2) (tau(500))(-1)] is -53 W m(-2) (tau(500))(-1) and the average single scattering albedo is 0.93 at 550 nm. C1 [Markowicz, K. M.; Witek, M.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Flatau, P. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Remiszewska, J.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw 42, Poland. [Reid, E. A.; Reid, J. S.; Bucholtz, A.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markowicz, KM (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Pasteura 7, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. EM kmark@uninet.com.pl RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; NR 65 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 2877 EP 2891 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2555.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350UO UT WOS:000259378800007 ER PT J AU Dudley, WS AF Dudley, William S. TI Commodore John Rodgers: Paragon of the Early American Navy. SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dudley, William S.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Dudley, William S.] USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Dudley, William S.] Maryland Hist Soc, Maritime Comm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dudley, WS (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 506 EP 511 PG 6 WC History SC History GA V23LE UT WOS:000208343500020 ER PT J AU Dudley, WS AF Dudley, William S. TI Admiral Lord Howe: A Biography. SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dudley, William S.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Dudley, William S.] USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Dudley, William S.] Maryland Hist Soc, Maritime Comm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dudley, WS (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 506 EP 511 PG 6 WC History SC History GA V23LE UT WOS:000208343500019 ER PT J AU Amin, M Madan, RN AF Amin, Moeness Madan, Rabinder N. TI Advances in Indoor Radar Imaging SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article C1 [Amin, Moeness] Villanova Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Madan, Rabinder N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Amin, M (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Adv Commun, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM moeness@ece.vill.edu; madanr@onr.navy.mil NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 345 IS 6 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2008.05.001 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 320AB UT WOS:000257205000001 ER PT J AU Taller, J Kamdar, JP Greene, JA Morgan, RA Blankenship, CL Dabrowski, P Sharpe, RP AF Taller, Janos Kamdar, Jinu P. Greene, Jeffrey A. Morgan, Robert A. Blankenship, Charles L. Dabrowski, Paul Sharpe, Richard P. TI Temporary vascular shunts as initial treatment of proximal extremity vascular injuries during combat operations: The new standard of care at Echelon II facilities? SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE temporary vascular shunts; war injuries; operation Iraqi freedom; FRSS ID PRIMARY REPAIR; IRAQI-FREEDOM; MANAGEMENT; EXPERIENCE; TRAUMA; ARTERIES; REGISTRY; WAR AB Background: Historically, penetrating injuries to the extremities account for up to 75% of wounds sustained during combat and 10% of deaths. Rapid vascular control and perfusion of injured extremities at forward deployed Echelon II surgical facilities is essential to limit loss of life and maximize limb preservation. We review our experience with the management of extremity vascular trauma and report the largest single Echelon II experience to date on temporary vascular shunting (TVS) for proximal extremity vascular injuries. Methods: Data on combat trauma patients presenting to a US Navy Echelon II forward surgical facility in Iraq were prospectively recorded during a 7-month period. Patients with suspected vascular injuries underwent exploration in the operating room. After vessel control, thrombectomy and instillation of heparinized saline, vascular injuries in the proximal extremity were temporarily shunted in a standardized fashion. Vascular injuries in the distal extremity were routinely ligated. After shunting, patients were transported to an Echelon III facility in the Iraqi Theater and underwent vascular reconstruction. They were followed through transfer to the Continental United States or discharge into the civilian Iraqi medical system. Shunt patency, limb salvage, and survival data were obtained by retrospective review of electronic medical records. Results: Six hundred ten combat trauma patients were treated from August 16, 2006 to February 25, 2007. Thirty-seven patients (6.1%) sustained 73 injuries to major extremity vascular structures. Twenty-three proximal vascular shunts were placed in 16 patients with mean Injury Severity Score of 25 (range, 17-43) and mean mangled extremity severity score (MESS) of 8 (range, 5-10). Twenty-two of 23 shunts (95.6%) were patent upon arrival to the Echelon III facility and underwent successful autologous vein reconstruction. All shunt patients survived their injuries with 100% early limb preservation as followed through their first 30 days of medical care or discharge into the local medical community. Conclusions: Complex combat injuries to proximal extremity vessels should be routinely shunted at forward-deployed Echelon II facilities as part of the resuscitative, damage control process. C1 [Taller, Janos] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Sharpe, Richard P.] Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Blankenship, Charles L.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kamdar, Jinu P.] Naval Hosp Great Lakes, Dept Surg, N Chicago, IL USA. [Greene, Jeffrey A.] Naval Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lemoore, CA USA. Reading & Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Trauma Surg, Reading, PA USA. RP Taller, J (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM janos.taller@med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 EI 1529-8809 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31818234aa PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 350BC UT WOS:000259326400019 PM 18784573 ER PT J AU McDowell, LK Cafarella, M AF McDowell, Luke K. Cafarella, Michael TI Ontology-driven, unsupervised instance population SO JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International World Wide Web Conference CY MAY 08-12, 2007 CL Banff, CANADA DE Semantic Web; Ontology-driven; Instance population; Classification; Confidence assessment ID WEB AB The Semantic Web's need for machine understandable content has led researchers to attempt to automatically acquire such content from a number of sources, including the web. To date, such research has focused on "document-driven" systems that individually process a small set of documents, annotating each with respect to a given ontology. This article introduces OntoSyphon, an alternative that strives to more fully leverage existing ontological content while scaling to extract comparatively shallow content from millions of documents. OntoSyphon operates in an "ontology-driven" manner: taking any ontology as input, OntoSyphon uses the ontology to specify web searches that identify possible semantic instances, relations, and taxonomic information. Redundancy in the web, together with information from the ontology, is then used to automatically verify these candidate instances and relations, enabling OntoSyphon to operate in a fully automated, unsupervised manner. A prototype of OntoSyphon is fully implemented and we present experimental results that demonstrate substantial instance population in three domains based on independently constructed ontologies. We show that using the whole web as a corpus for veri. cation yields the best results, but that using a much smaller web corpus can also yield strong performance. In addition, we consider the problem of selecting the best class for each candidate instance that is discovered, and the problem of ranking the final results. For both problems we introduce new solutions and demonstrate that, for both the small and large corpora, they consistently improve upon previously known techniques. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [McDowell, Luke K.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cafarella, Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDowell, LK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lmcdowel@usna.edu NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8268 J9 J WEB SEMANT JI J. Web Semant. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 218 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.websem.2008.04.002 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 397NR UT WOS:000262669900005 ER PT J AU Bean, K Nemelka, K Canchola, P Hacker, S Sturdivant, RX Rico, PJ AF Bean, Krystal Nemelka, Kevin Canchola, Patrick Hacker, Sander Sturdivant, Rodney X. Rico, Pedro J. TI Effects of housing density on Long Evans and Fischer 344 rats SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID STRESS-LIKE RESPONSES; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; FEMALE RATS; COMMON PROCEDURES; LABORATORY RATS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-RATE; CAGE SIZE; BEHAVIOR; AGGRESSION AB At many breeding facilities, rats are housed at relatively high densities until they are 5 weeks old, at which point they are either shipped for research or rehoused at standard cage densities according to weight. The authors carried out a pilot study in Long Evans and in Fischer 344 rats to investigate whether continuing to house rats at high densities (24 in(2) floor space per rat) past the age of 5 weeks, through puberty and into adulthood would alter behavioral or physiological parameters compared with raising rats at standard densities ( about 72 in(2) floor space per rat). After rats reached puberty, the authors rehoused them with unfamiliar cagemates. The researchers evaluated clinical and behavioral signs of stress, weight, blood glucose concentration, white blood cell count and serum corticosterone concentration. Overall, cage density had little effect on the parameters measured, though gender seemed to affect stress in Long Evans rats. The results suggest that rats of these strains can be raised at the higher densities tested until any age and regrouped with unfamiliar cagemates without compromising rats' welfare or subsequent experimental data. C1 [Bean, Krystal; Nemelka, Kevin; Canchola, Patrick; Rico, Pedro J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hacker, Sander] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sturdivant, Rodney X.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bean, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM krystal.bean@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1038/laban0908-421 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340QW UT WOS:000258661100009 PM 18719695 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Dai, W Mickens, RE AF Jordan, P. M. Dai, W. Mickens, R. E. TI A note on the delayed heat equation: Instability with respect to initial data SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE delayed heat equation; single and dual phase lag models; laplace transform; instability; Lambert W-function ID POSED PROBLEM; CONDUCTION; GROWTH AB Working in the context of a simple, one-dimensional, initial-boundary value problem involving homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data, we show that the time delayed heat equation can exhibit a type of instability with respect to the initial condition (IC); specifically, we show that a slight (in the L-2 sense) change in the IC can change a well-posed problem to an ill-posed one. We also establish that a physically realistic solution is possible only if the IC is of a (very) specific form. The main implication of this study is that the single and dual phase lag models, which have been put forward as possible alternatives to Fourier's law, are not valid constitutive relations for the thermal flux vector. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Dai, W.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Mickens, R. E.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2008.04.001 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 330VG UT WOS:000257970300009 ER PT J AU Newbery, AP Ahn, B Hayes, RW Pao, PS Nutt, SR Lavernia, EJ AF Newbery, A. P. Ahn, B. Hayes, R. W. Pao, P. S. Nutt, S. R. Lavernia, E. J. TI Consolidation and forging methods for a cryomilled Al alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR AB The method used to consolidate a cryogenically ball-milled powder is critical to the retention of superior strength along with acceptable tensile ductility in the bulk product. In this study, gas-atomized Al 5083 powder was cryomilled, hot vacuum degassed, and consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or by quasi-isostatic (QI) forging to produce low-porosity billets. The billets were then forged, either at high strain rate (without a die) or quasi-isostatically, and subsequently hot rolled to produce three 6.5-mm-thick plates. Despite extended periods at elevated temperatures and differences between the consolidation/deformation methods, a similar predominantly ultrafine grain microstructure was obtained in all three plates. The plates possessed similar ultimate tensile strengths, about 50 pct greater than standard work-hardened Al 5083. However, in terms of fracture toughness, there were significant differences between the plates. Debonding at prior cryomilled powder particle surfaces was an important fracture mechanism for "HIPped" material, leading to low toughness for crack surfaces in the plane of the plate. This effect was minimized by the implementation of double QI forging, producing plate with good isotropic fracture toughness. The type of particle boundary deformation during forging and the influence of impurities appeared to be more important in determining fracture toughness than the presence of -10 vol pct coarser micron-sized grains. C1 [Newbery, A. P.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahn, B.; Nutt, S. R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hayes, R. W.] Met Technol Inc, Northridge, CA 91324 USA. [Pao, P. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apnewbery@ucdavis.edu RI Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39A IS 9 BP 2193 EP 2205 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9554-x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330OG UT WOS:000257952100018 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, Robert TI The Political Economy of Saudi Arabia SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Looney, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 716 EP 718 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 369SO UT WOS:000260714400017 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, Robert TI A political economy of the Middle East, 3rd edition SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Looney, Robert] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD FAL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 345CZ UT WOS:000258974900018 ER PT J AU Shen-Gunther, J AF Shen-Gunther, Jane TI ON-Q anesthetic pump in gynecologic oncology: Feasibility study of a novel placement technique at an army hospital SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecologists, Armed Forces Dist ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; BUPIVACAINE; PAIN; INFUSION AB Objectives: The goals were (1) to describe a novel placement technique for the ON-Q anesthetic system based on somatic neural anatomy and (2) to determine its feasibility, efficacy, and associated morbidity among surgical patients on a gynecologic oncology service. Methods: A retrospective observational study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent a vertical laparotomy and received an ON-Q system was performed. The ON-Q system was composed of a soaker catheter (threaded longitudinally within the rectus sheaths) and an elastomer pump that infused 0.5% bupivacaine at 2 mL/hour for up to 5 days. Results: The average duration of ON-Q system use was 4.4 days (range, 2-5 days). The median numeric pain scores (range, 0-10) were 3, 2, 1, 0, and 0 on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Complications encountered included suturing of the catheter to the fascia (n = 1). wound hematomas (n = 2), and device failure (n = 1). Conclusions: Intrafascial placement of the ON-Q soaker catheter for bupivacaine infusion appears effective for incisional analgesia, with negligible wound morbidity and device failure rates. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shen-Gunther, J (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 173 IS 9 BP 918 EP 923 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 352YW UT WOS:000259534300016 PM 18816934 ER PT J AU Harr, PA Anwender, D Jones, SC AF Harr, Patrick A. Anwender, Doris Jones, Sarah C. TI Predictability associated with the downstream impacts of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Methodology and a case study of Typhoon Nabi (2005) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; MIDLATITUDE; MODEL; REINTENSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SPREAD; SKILL AB Measures of the variability among ensemble members from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ensemble prediction system are examined with respect to forecasts of the extratropical transition (ET) of Typhoon Nabi over the western North Pacific during September 2005. In this study, variability among ensemble members is used as a proxy for predictability. The time - longitude distribution of standard deviations among 500-hPa height fields from the ensemble members is found to increase across the North Pacific following the completion of the extratropical transition. Furthermore, the increase in ensemble standard deviation is organized such that an increase is associated with the extratropical transition and another increase extends downstream from the ET event. The organization and amplitude of the standard deviations increase from 144 h until approximately 72 - 48 h prior to the completion of the extratropical transition, and then decrease as the forecast interval decreases. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of potential temperature on the dynamic tropopause is applied to ensemble members to identify the spatial and temporal organization of centers of variability related to the extratropical transition. The principal components are then used in a fuzzy cluster analysis to examine the grouping of forecast sequences in the collection of ensemble members. The number of forecast groups decreases as the forecast interval to the completion of the ET decreases. However, there is a systematic progression of centers of variability downstream of the ET event. Once the variability associated with the ET begins to decrease, the variability downstream of the ET event also begins to decrease. C1 [Harr, Patrick A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Anwender, Doris; Jones, Sarah C.] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paharr@nps.edu RI Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013 FU Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program FX This study was sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program. The authors acknowledge the constructive comments from two reviewers. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3205 EP 3225 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2248.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200001 ER PT J AU Anwender, D Harr, PA Jones, SC AF Anwender, Doris Harr, Patrick A. Jones, Sarah C. TI Predictability associated with the downstream impacts of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Case studies SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; REINTENSIFICATION; MIDLATITUDE; SYSTEM AB The extratropical transition ( ET) of tropical cyclones often has a negative impact on the predictability of the atmospheric situation both around the ET event and farther downstream. The predictability of five ET cases of different intensities in the North Atlantic and the western North Pacific is investigated using the ECMWF ensemble prediction system. The variability in the ensemble members is regarded as a measure of the predictability. Plumes of forecast uncertainty spread downstream of each ET event. Initialization times closer to the ET events yield higher predictability of the downstream flow independent of forecast lead time. Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering is used to assess the variability in the ensemble members and to identify groupings of the members that contribute in a similar way to the variability patterns. Applying the method to the potential temperature on the dynamic tropopause reveals a characteristic variability pattern in all five cases that is closely related to the synoptic patterns of the ET events. Clusters that contribute in a similar manner to the variability patterns exhibit similar ET developments in the different cases. A probability can be assigned to a given group based on the number of members in the group. The number of clusters decreases with shorter forecast intervals and the difference between the clusters becomes less marked. This indicates an increase of predictability. The usefulness of ensemble prediction is highlighted in the weak ET cases in that a low probability is assigned to the erroneous deterministic forecasts. C1 [Anwender, Doris; Jones, Sarah C.] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Harr, Patrick A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Anwender, D (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM doris.anwender@imk.uka.de RI Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013 FU Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program FX This study was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program. Acknowledgement is made for the use of ECMWF's computing and archive facilities through the special project "The impact of tropical cyclones on extratropical predictability." We are grateful to Ron McTaggart-Cowan and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough and insightful reviews, which helped us improve this manuscript. NR 17 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3226 EP 3247 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2249.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200002 ER PT J AU Lin, II Wu, CC Pun, IF Ko, DS AF Lin, I. -I. Wu, Chun-Chieh Pun, Iam-Fei Ko, Dong-Shan TI Upper-ocean thermal structure and the western North Pacific category 5 typhoons. Part I: Ocean features and the category 5 typhoons' intensification SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; VARIABILITY; EDDY; TRANSPORT; ALTIMETRY; CLIMATE; MODEL AB Category 5 cyclones are the most intense and devastating cyclones on earth. With increasing observations of category 5 cyclones, such as Hurricane Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Mitch (1998), and Supertyphoon Maemi (2003) found to intensify on warm ocean features (i. e., regions of positive sea surface height anomalies detected by satellite altimeters), there is great interest in investigating the role ocean features play in the intensification of category 5 cyclones. Based on 13 yr of satellite altimetry data, in situ and climatological upper-ocean thermal structure data, best-track typhoon data of the U. S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center, together with an ocean mixed layer model, 30 western North Pacific category 5 typhoons that occurred during the typhoon season from 1993 to 2005 are systematically examined in this study. Two different types of situations are found. The first type is the situation found in the western North Pacific south eddy zone (SEZ; 21-26 N, 127-170 E) and the Kuroshio (21-30 N, 127-170 E) region. In these regions, the background climatological warm layer is relatively shallow (typically the depth of the 26 C isotherm is around 60 m and the upper-ocean heat content is similar to 50 kJ cm(-2)). Therefore passing over positive features is critical to meet the ocean's part of necessary conditions in intensification because the features can effectively deepen the warm layer (depth of the 26 C isotherm reaching 100 m and upper-ocean heat content is similar to 110 kJ cm(-2)) to restrain the typhoon's self-induced ocean cooling. In the past 13 yr, 8 out of the 30 category 5 typhoons (i. e., 27%) belong to this situation. The second type is the situation found in the gyre central region (10 degrees-21 degrees N, 121 degrees-170 degrees E) where the background climatological warm layer is deep (typically the depth of the 26 C isotherm is similar to 105-120 m and the upper-ocean heat content is similar to 80-120 kJ cm(-2)). In this deep, warm background, passing over positive features is not critical since the background itself is already sufficient to restrain the self-induced cooling negative feedback during intensification. C1 [Lin, I. -I.; Wu, Chun-Chieh; Pun, Iam-Fei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Ko, Dong-Shan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, II (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1 Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw RI Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; OI Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC95-2611-M-002-024-MY3, NSC97-2111-M-002-014-MY3, NTU-97R0302]; Taiwan National Science Council's Integrated Typhoon-Ocean Program (ITOP); US Office of Naval Research's Typhoon DRI FX The authors thank Dr. Colin Stark for his helpful comments and Prof. Dong-Ping Wang for providing the mixed layer model and helpful discussions. Thanks also to NASA, Remote Sensing Systems, Argo in situ ocean float team, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for data provision. This work is supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan through Grants NSC95-2611-M-002-024-MY3, NSC97-2111-M-002-014-MY3, and NTU-97R0302. This work is also a collaborative effort between Taiwan National Science Council's Integrated Typhoon-Ocean Program (ITOP) and the US Office of Naval Research's Typhoon DRI program. NR 51 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3288 EP 3306 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2277.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200005 ER PT J AU Du, MH Erwin, SC Efros, AL AF Du, Mao-Hua Erwin, Steven C. Efros, Al. L. TI Trapped-dopant model of doping in semiconductor nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; DOPED NANOCRYSTALS; DIFFUSION; CELLS; MN AB We propose a framework for describing the impurity doping of semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals. The model is applicable when diffusion of impurities through the nanocrystal is sufficiently small that it can be neglected. In this regime, the incorporation of impurities requires that they stably adsorb on the nanocrystal surface before being overgrown. This adsorption may be preempted by surfactants in the growth solution. We analyze numerically this competition for the case of Mn doping of CdSe nanocrystals. Our model is consistent with recent experiments and offers a route to the rational optimization of doped colloidal nanocrystals. C1 [Du, Mao-Hua; Erwin, Steven C.; Efros, Al. L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.erwin@nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX We thank Ed Foos, Lijun Zu, and SuHuai Wei for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Research Council. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Centers at ASC and NAVO. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2878 EP 2882 DI 10.1021/nl8016169 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200048 PM 18680387 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Sun, B Berman, PR Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Bo Berman, Paul R. Steel, Duncan G. Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Dan Sham, L. J. TI Coherent population trapping of an electron spin in a single negatively charged quantum dot SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPUTATION AB Coherent population trapping (CPT) refers to the steady-state trapping of population in a coherent superposition of two ground states that are coupled by coherent optical fields to an intermediate state in a three-level atomic system(1). Recently, CPT has been observed in an ensemble of donor-bound spins in GaAs (ref.2) and in single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond(3) by using a fluorescence technique. Here, we report the demonstration of CPT of an electron spin in a single quantum dot. The observation demonstrates both the CPT of an electron spin and the successful generation of Raman coherence between the two spin ground states of the electron(4-6). This technique can be used to initialize, at about a gigahertz rate, an electron spin state in an arbitrary superposition by varying the ratio of the Rabi frequencies between the driving and probe fields. The results show the potential importance of charged quantum dots for a solid-state approach to the implementation of electromagnetically induced transparency(7,8), slow light(9), quantum information storage(10) and quantum repeaters(11,12). C1 [Xu, Xiaodong; Sun, Bo; Berman, Paul R.; Steel, Duncan G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, Allan S.; Gammon, Dan] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 FU US ARO; DARPA; AFOSR; ONR; NSA/LPS; FOCUS-NSF FX This work is supported by US ARO, DARPA, AFOSR, ONR, NSA/LPS and FOCUS-NSF. NR 28 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 9 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1038/nphys1054 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355CK UT WOS:000259686400011 ER PT J AU Alderson, DL AF Alderson, David L. TI Catching the "Network Science" Bug: Insight and Opportunity for the Operations Researcher SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; SMALL-WORLD; COMPLEX NETWORKS; COMMUNICATION-NETWORKS; INTERNET TOPOLOGY; FLOW PROBLEMS; POWER LAWS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION AB Recent efforts to develop a universal view of complex networks have created both excitement and confusion about the way in which knowledge of network structure can be used to understand, control, or design system behavior. This paper offers perspective on the emerging field of "network science" in three ways. First, it briefly summarizes the origins, methodological approaches, and most celebrated contributions within this increasingly popular. field. Second, it contrasts the predominant perspective in the network science literature (that abstracts away domain-specific function and instead focuses on graph-theoretic measures of system structure and dynamics) with that of engineers and practitioners of decision science (who emphasize the importance of network performance, constraints, and trade-offs). Third, it proposes optimization-based reverse engineering to address some important open questions within network science from an operations research perspective. We advocate for increased, yet cautious, participation in this field by operations researchers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alderson, DL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlalders@nps.edu FU ONR MURI Award [N0001408WR20242]; NPS FX The author thanks John Doyle and Walter Willinger for ongoing conversations regarding organized complexity; Jeffrey Rothal for library assistance; and Richard Larson first suggesting this topic as an article for OR Forum. This manuscript benefited greatly from the feedback of numerous NPS colleagues, two anonymous referees, and a helpful area editor. This work was supported, in part, by ONR MURI Award # N0001408WR20242 and an NPS institutional grant. NR 121 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1065 DI 10.1287/opre.1080.0606 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 377FJ UT WOS:000261236800001 ER PT J AU Olsen, EA AF Olsen, Edward A. TI ASIA, AMERICA, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF GEOPOLITICS SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Olsen, Edward A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Olsen, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC AFFAIRS UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA #164-1855 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 439 EP 441 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 375PA UT WOS:000261124600009 ER PT J AU Wen, JM Du, SW Rubin, MH Oh, E AF Wen, Jianming Du, Shengwang Rubin, Morton H. Oh, Eun TI Two-photon beating experiment using biphotons generated from a two-level system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BELL-INEQUALITY; INTERFERENCE; TIME; VIOLATION; QUANTUM; PROPAGATION; CONVERSION; REFRACTION; ENERGY; INDEX AB We propose a two- photon beating experiment based upon biphotons generated from a resonant pumping two-level system operating in a backward geometry. On the one hand, the linear optical-response leads biphotons produced from two sidebands in the Mollow triplet to propagate with tunable refractive indices, while the central-component propagates with unity refractive index. The relative phase difference due to different refractive indices is analogous to the pathway-length difference between long-long and short-short pathways in the original Franson interferometer. By subtracting the linear Rayleigh scattering of the pump, the visibility in the center part of the two-photon beating interference can be ideally manipulated among [0, 100%] by varying the pump power, the material length, and the atomic density, which indicates a Bell-type inequality violation. On the other hand, the proposed experiment may be an interesting way of probing the quantum nature of the detection process. The interference will disappear when the separation of the Mollow peaks approaches the fundamental time scales for photon absorption in the detector. C1 [Wen, Jianming; Rubin, Morton H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Du, Shengwang] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Oh, Eun] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eun] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Wen, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM jianm1@umbc.edu RI Wen, Jianming/A-2138-2011; Du, Shengwang/B-4475-2011; OI Wen, Jianming/0000-0003-3373-7108; Du, Shengwang/0000-0002-7174-4571 FU U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0197]; Department of Physics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to Yanhua Shih, James D. Franson, and Todd B. Pittman for fruitful discussions. We also thank the referees for insightful suggestions. J.- M. W. and M. H. R. were supported in part by the U. S. Army Research Office under MURI Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0197. S. D. acknowledges the start-up support from the Department of Physics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. E. O. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 033801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.033801 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400163 ER PT J AU Diaz-Guillen, MR Moreno, KJ Diaz-Guillen, JA Fuentes, AF Ngai, KL Garcia-Barriocanal, J Santamaria, J Leon, C AF Diaz-Guillen, M. R. Moreno, K. J. Diaz-Guillen, J. A. Fuentes, A. F. Ngai, K. L. Garcia-Barriocanal, J. Santamaria, J. Leon, C. TI Cation size effects in oxygen ion dynamics of highly disordered pyrochlore-type ionic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; CONSTITUENT OXIDES; COUPLING MODEL; SPIN ICE; CONDUCTIVITY; MIGRATION; DIFFUSION; GD2TI2O7; GLASSES; MELTS AB In this work we evaluate the effect of cation size on the dc activation energy needed for oxygen ion migration, E(dc), in highly disordered pyrochlore-type ionic conductors A(2)B(2)O(7). Twenty six compositions with the general formula, Ln(2)Zr(2-y)Ti(y)O(7), Ln(1.7)Mg(0.3)Zr(2)O(7) (Ln=Y, Dy, and Gd), and Gd(2-y)La(y)Zr(2)O(7), were prepared by mechanical milling, and their electrical properties were measured by using impedance spectroscopy as a function of frequency and temperature. By using the coupling model we also examine the effect of cation radii R(A) and R(B) on the microscopic potential-energy barrier, E(a), which oxygen ions encounter when hopping into neighboring vacant sites. We find that, for a fixed B-site-cation radius R(B), both activation energies decrease with increasing A-site-cation size, R(A), as a consequence of the increase in the unit-cell volume. In contrast, for a given R(A) size, the E(dc) of the Ln(2)Zr(2-y)Ti(y)O(7) series increases when the average R(B) size increases. This behavior is associated with enhanced interactions among mobile oxygen ions as the structural disorder increases with R(B). C1 [Garcia-Barriocanal, J.; Santamaria, J.; Leon, C.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Diaz-Guillen, M. R.; Moreno, K. J.; Diaz-Guillen, J. A.; Fuentes, A. F.] CINVESTAV, Saltillo 25000, Coahuila, Mexico. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM carletas@fis.ucm.es RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; FUENTES, ANTONIO/A-3650-2008; Diaz-Guillen, Mario/G-9272-2011; Moreno Bello, Karla /P-7445-2015; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; FUENTES, ANTONIO/0000-0003-3550-4228; Moreno Bello, Karla /0000-0003-1823-270X; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 FU Mexican Conacyt [SEP-2003-C02-44075]; Spanish MCYT [MAT2005-06024-C02, MAT2008-06517-C02]; ONR [61153N] FX This work has been carried out with the financial support of Mexican Conacyt (Grant No. SEP-2003-C02-44075) and Spanish MCYT (Contracts No. MAT2005-06024-C02 and No. MAT2008-06517-C02). M.R.D.G. thanks Conacyt for financial support. K.L. Ngai was supported in part by ONR under Program Element and Project 61153N. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104304 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400046 ER PT J AU Doty, MF Scheibner, M Bracker, AS Ponomarev, IV Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Doty, M. F. Scheibner, M. Bracker, A. S. Ponomarev, I. V. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Optical spectra of doubly charged quantum dot molecules in electric and magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN; STATES; HOLE AB We present an experimental and theoretical study of the photoluminescence spectra of individual doubly charged quantum dot molecules. The quantum dot molecules consist of two vertically stacked InAs self-assembled quantum dots in a GaAs Schottky diode structure. We study two cases: (1) the two dots are charged with two electrons coherently coupled through electron tunneling and (2) the two dots are charged with two holes and coherently coupled through hole tunneling. The optically excited states consist of the two charges along with one or two additional electron-hole pairs, i. e., a doubly charged exciton and biexciton. We determine the spin states and the corresponding spectral fine structure and show how this fine structure depends on vertical electric and magnetic fields. We find that the results are in large part qualitatively similar for the two cases. However, when magnetic fields are applied, we find a strong g factor resonance and evidence of a bonding/antibonding reversal for the hole-tunneling case only. We discuss the implications for quantum information processing using spins confined in proximate dots. C1 [Doty, M. F.; Scheibner, M.; Bracker, A. S.; Ponomarev, I. V.; Reinecke, T. L.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doty, MF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Delaware, OH USA. EM doty@udel.edu RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 NR 57 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115316 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800071 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, T. L. TI Optically induced spin gates in coupled quantum dots using the electron-hole exchange interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON; DYNAMICS AB We propose a fast optically induced two-qubit C-PHASE gate between two resident spins in a pair of coupled quantum dots. An excited bound state which extends over the two dots provides an effective electron-electron exchange interaction. The gate is made possible by the electron-hole exchange interaction, which isolates a single transition in the system. When combined with appropriate single-qubit rotations, this gate generates an entangled state of the two spins. C1 [Economou, Sophia E.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U. S. Office of Naval Research; NRC/NRL FX We thank S. C. Badescu for useful discussions. This work was supported by the U. S. Office of Naval Research. One of us (S. E. E.) was supported by NRC/NRL. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115306 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800061 ER PT J AU Crooker, PP Colson, WB Blau, J Burggraff, D Aguilar, JS Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M Evtushenko, P AF Crooker, P. P. Colson, W. B. Blau, J. Burggraff, D. Aguilar, J. Sans Benson, S. Neil, G. Shinn, M. Evtushenko, P. TI Short Rayleigh length free electron laser: Experiments and simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We report experiments at Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jlab) and computer simulations performed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) designed to probe the small Rayleigh length regime. We compare the gain, power, and sensitivity to mirror and electron beam misalignments as a function of decreasing Rayleigh length. The agreement is quite good, with experiments and simulations showing comparable trends as the Rayleigh length is decreased. In particular, we find that the gain and power do not decrease substantially at short Rayleigh length, contrary to a common Gaussian-mode filling factor argument. Within currently achievable alignment tolerances, the gain and power are still acceptable for FEL operation. C1 [Crooker, P. P.; Colson, W. B.; Blau, J.; Burggraff, D.; Aguilar, J. Sans] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benson, S.; Neil, G.; Shinn, M.; Evtushenko, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Crooker, PP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX Support for this project was provided by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 090701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.090701 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700002 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Nolan, DS AF Hodyss, Daniel Nolan, David S. TI The Rossby-inertia-buoyancy instability in baroclinic vortices SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; AXISYMMETRICAL VORTEX; WAVE EMISSION; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLYGONAL EYE; SHEAR FLOWS; STABILITY AB The behavior of vortex Rossby (VR) waves undergoing inertia-buoyancy (IB) wave emission on vortices with baroclinic vertical structures is studied. We consider monotonic vortices, where the potential vorticity (PV) decays monotonically with radial distance from the vortex center, and "single-peak" vortices, where the PV reaches a single radial maximum off the vortex center. A linear anelastic model is numerically solved as an eigenvalue problem. The difference between Rossby-inertia-buoyancy (RIB) waves and traditional coupled VR wave barotropic instability is shown to be associated with the region of the vortex where the mode extracts its energy for growth. The dependence of the growth rate of these RIB modes on the radial and vertical PV gradients of the vortex is studied. New interpretations of the damping of RIB modes on baroclinic, monotonic vortices are found to be as follows: (1) RIB mode growth depends on a sensitive arrangement of radial momentum fluxes such that it is disrupted by the vertical tilting of the mode by the vortex vertical shear and (2) RIB modes have a more complicated structure than traditional barotropic instabilities such that eddy viscosity acts more strongly. It is also found that single-peak vortices with annular PV regions that are very thin favor barotropic instabilities with weak IB wave emission, but in contrast, relatively wider annular regions favor barotropic instabilities with strong IB wave emission. The modification of the vortex induced by RIB mode growth is briefly explored in a fully nonlinear model. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nolan, David S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 AR 096602 DI 10.1063/1.2980354 PG 21 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 360AV UT WOS:000260030300043 ER PT J AU Babonneau, D Primout, M Girard, F Jadaud, JP Naudy, M Villette, B Depierreux, S Blancard, C Faussurier, G Fournier, KB Suter, L Kauffman, R Glenzer, S Miller, MC Grun, J Davis, J AF Babonneau, D. Primout, M. Girard, F. Jadaud, J. -P. Naudy, M. Villette, B. Depierreux, S. Blancard, C. Faussurier, G. Fournier, K. B. Suter, L. Kauffman, R. Glenzer, S. Miller, M. C. Grun, J. Davis, J. TI Efficient multi-keV X-ray sources from laser-exploded metallic thin foils SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SUBPICOSECOND LASER; PLASMAS; EMISSION; TARGETS; EMISSIVITIES; SCATTERING AB A set of materials-titanium, copper, and germanium-has been experimented with at the OMEGA laser facility [Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] by irradiating thin foils with a prepulse prior to a main pulse with variable delay, in order to design efficient x-ray laser-sources for backlighting, material testing, and code validation. This concept led to increasing factors from 2 to 4 comparing to cases without prepulse, in the experimental conditions. As a result, high multi-keV x-ray conversion rates have been obtained: 9% for titanium around 4 keV, 1% for copper around 8 keV, and 2.5 to 3% for germanium around 10 keV, which places these pre-exploded metallic targets close to the gas with respect to their performance, with wider energy range. A good agreement with hydroradiative code FCI2 [Schurtz, Phys. Plasmas 7, 4238 (2000)] calculations is found for titanium and copper on all diagnostics, with nonlocal-thermal-equilibrium atomic physics and, either nonlocal thermal conduction taking self-generated B-fields into account, or limited thermal conduction with intensity-dependent factor f. The results for germanium indicate that dielectronic processes could play a more significant role when higher irradiation intensity on higher Z material. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Babonneau, D.; Primout, M.; Girard, F.; Jadaud, J. -P.; Naudy, M.; Villette, B.; Depierreux, S.; Blancard, C.; Faussurier, G.] Commissariat Energie Atom, Ctr Ile France, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Fournier, K. B.; Suter, L.; Kauffman, R.; Glenzer, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Miller, M. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Grun, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, J.] ALME & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Babonneau, D (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom, Ctr Ile France, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM daniele.babonneau@cea.fr NR 47 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 AR 092702 DI 10.1063/1.2973480 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 360BG UT WOS:000260031400037 ER PT J AU Kohl, JG Singer, IL Simonson, DL AF Kohl, James G. Singer, Irwin L. Simonson, Duane L. TI Determining the viscoelastic parameters of thin elastomer based materials using continuous microindentation SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE silicone coating; viscoelasticity; modulus; indentation ID SILICONE DUPLEX COATINGS; DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DURABILITY; RUBBER AB Depth-sensing indentation (DSI) was used to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of three proprietary silicone-based coatings and four butyl-based rubber sheets. The coatings are used as layers in silicone bilayer coatings. The elastic indentation modulus, E* irrecoverable deformation energy and elastic energy were determined in an earlier study using the unloading data of DSI tests and applying a creep correction method proposed by Ngan et al. The model used in this study to characterize the coatings was the standard four parameter Maxwell-Voigt viscoelastic model combined with the elastic indentation load-depth model for a Berkovich indenter as proposed by Fischer-Cripps. This model fits the data quite well, The parameters E-1*, E-2*, eta(1), and eta(2) were found by curve fitting this model with the indentation depth versus time data while held at a constant maximum load. The parameter E-1* is equivalent to E*; values of El obtained using the Fischer-Cripps technique were 6.8 +/- 0.9 MPa, 109 +/- 7 MPa, and 4.2 +/- 0.5 MPa for bond coat A, bond coat B, and the top coat, respectively. One purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a technique to determine viscoelastic parameters of silicone-based elastomers. It is hoped that these parameters may then be used in the evaluation and development of more durable silicone-based foul release coatings. Another purpose is to apply this technique to other elastomer-based materials such as butyl-based rubbers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohl, James G.] Univ San Diego, Dept Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Singer, Irwin L.; Simonson, Duane L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kohl, JG (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM jkohl@sandiego.edu RI Kohl, James /E-5365-2011 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.04.010 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 351MO UT WOS:000259428600006 ER PT J AU Delzer, JA Hawley, JR Romanyukha, A Nemmers, S Selwyn, R Benevides, LA AF Delzer, J. A. Hawley, J. R. Romanyukha, A. Nemmers, S. Selwyn, R. Benevides, L. A. TI LONG-TERM FADE STUDY OF THE DT-702 LiF: Mg,Cu,P TLD SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY; LIF-MG,CU,P; STABILITY; DETECTORS AB LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) are used by the US Navy to record radiation exposure of personnel. The Model DT-648 LiF: Mg,Ti TLD has been replaced by a new Model DT-702 LiF: Mg,Cu,P TLD. The DT-648 was used for many years and has undergone extensive testing to identify its pre- and post-irradiation fade operating characteristics. Studies have shown that the addition of copper increases the thermoluminesence sensitivity of the TLD for improved low-level radiation monitoring. This study evaluates various fading characteristics of the new copper-doped dosemeter using current equipment for processing of TLDs and calibrating to a National Institute of Standards and Technology standard source. The 57-week study took place at the Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. TLDs were stored for various lengths of time before and after being exposed to a National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated radiation sources. TLDs were then processed using current US Navy instructions and the resulting dose compared with the calibrated exposure. Both loss of signal and loss of sensitivity were evaluated. The results of this study have shown that the DT-702 TLD has no statistically significant change in sensitivity or change in signal with up to 57 weeks of pre- or post-irradiation time. The results of this study will increase the accuracy of exposure record keeping for the Navy and will allow longer issue periods. This will increase flexibility with international and domestic shipping procedures, as well as reduce workload requirements for dosimetry processing. C1 [Delzer, J. A.; Hawley, J. R.; Nemmers, S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Romanyukha, A.; Selwyn, R.; Benevides, L. A.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Delzer, JA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM delzer@tds.net FU Naval Dosimetry Center Bethesda, MD USA FX Funding for this study was provided by the Naval Dosimetry Center Bethesda, MD USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 131 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncn182 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 463IG UT WOS:000267424900002 PM 18621919 ER PT J AU Brook, DA King, CL AF Brook, Douglas A. King, Cynthia L. TI Federal Personnel Management Reform From Civil Service Reform Act to National Security Reforms SO REVIEW OF PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article DE civil service reform; national security; federal personnel management policy; Civil Service Reform Act AB In what ways are current civil service reform efforts similar to and different from the qualities that characterize the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA)? These issues are explored by examining the new personnel authorities granted to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and to the Department of Defense (DoD) in the National Security Personnel System (NSPS). In many respects, current reforms preserve some of the ideas behind CSRA or they derive from the authorities included in the CSRA. In other respects, current reform departs from the CSRA model and new ideas related to enactment, design, and implementation of civil service reform have emerged. Furthermore, a new argument emerged in DHS and NSPS that had never before appeared in any public discourse on personnel management reform: the link between federal personnel management policy and national security. C1 [Brook, Douglas A.; King, Cynthia L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Def Management Reform, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Brook, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Def Management Reform, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dabrook@nps.edu; clking@nps.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0734-371X J9 REV PUBLIC PERS ADM JI Rev. Public Pers. Adm. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1177/0734371X08319286 PG 17 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 537MS UT WOS:000273117600003 ER PT J AU Heider, D Deffor, H Reuter, M Gillespie, JW Mohamed, M Crane, R AF Heider, Dirk Deffor, Hope Reuter, Mira Gillespie, J. W., Jr. Mohamed, Mansour Crane, Roger TI Large-scale joint fabrication using 3-D fabric preforms, sandwich core structure and VARTM processing SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE AB This article investigated the fabrication and performance issues of large-scale composite T-joints. Carbon composite balscored sandwich panels were fabricated as the horizontal and vertical elements of the T-joints. Four different to join the sandwich panels were evaluated. All joint concepts in this study used a triangular balsa core insert with carbon face sheets made from 2-D and 3-D fabric reinforced materials to transfer load between the vertical and horizontal sandwich panels. The full-scale joint specimens were tested by supporting the ends of the horizontal panel and applying a pull-off load to the vertical member. The sequence of failure events was investigated. The paper outlines the various joining concepts utilizing 3-D preform material and ranks them based on mechanical performance. The study shows clearly the benefit of 3-D fabric as both the improved interlaminar properties and unique dimensional configuration can be used to optimize composite joint designs. C1 [Heider, Dirk; Deffor, Hope; Reuter, Mira; Gillespie, J. W., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Mohamed, Mansour] 3TEX Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Crane, Roger] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Heider, D (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM heider@udel.edu FU US Navy [N00167-06-C-0004] FX The authors are grateful to the US Navy for the funding of this research through an SBIR Phase II project contract # N00167-06-C-0004 to 3TEX, Inc. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 343FX UT WOS:000258839500009 ER PT J AU Moon, DW Metzbower, EA AF Moon, D. W. Metzbower, E. A. TI Hardness changes on pass-by-pass basis in HSLA 65 steel gas metal arc welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE Hardness; High strength low alloy steel; Gas metal arc welds; Multipass welds; Thermal theory ID MACROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE AB A series of welds were fabricated in high strength low alloy 65 steel. The first pass went the entire length of the plate and each subsequent pass was indented similar to 25 mm. This allowed the authors to determine the change in hardness on a pass-by-pass basis by mapping the hardness over each weld pass. C1 [Moon, D. W.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6356, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moon, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moon@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU The Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA FX The Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA, funded this work. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 6 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1179/174329308X299940 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 372FO UT WOS:000260887700006 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI Information of the world, unite! SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 299 IS 3 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 340VB UT WOS:000258672000030 PM 18783056 ER PT J AU Brelsford, M Beute, TC AF Brelsford, Megan Beute, Trisha Clarke TI Preventing and Managing the Side Effects of Isotretinoin SO SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE; RETINOID-INDUCED HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; ROUTINE BLOOD-TESTS; ACNE-VULGARIS; VITAMIN-E; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; ORAL ISOTRETINOIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; MOOD CHANGES AB Isotretinoin (1 3-cis-retinoic acid) is widely used for the treatment of severe acne as well as for disorders of conification, for psoriasis, and for skin cancer prevention. As a member of the retinoid family, it has a wide spectrum of side effects, including reproductive, cutaneous, ocular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and hepatic. As long as patients are able to tolerate these side effects, it can be a very effective treatment option. This article examines both the most common and the most concerning side effects as well as ways in which providers and patients may best manage them to be able to benefit from isotretinoin treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg 27:197-206 (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brelsford, Megan; Beute, Trisha Clarke] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Beute, TC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Trisha.Beute@med.navy.mil NR 79 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU FRONTLINE MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS PI THE WOODLANDS PA WRIGHTS MEDIA, 2407 TIMBERLOCH PLACE, SUITE B, THE WOODLANDS, TX 77386 USA SN 1085-5629 EI 1558-0768 J9 SEMIN CUTAN MED SURG JI Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.sder.2008.07.002 PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 362LS UT WOS:000260199800006 PM 18786498 ER PT J AU Kempiak, SJ Uebelhoer, N AF Kempiak, Stephan John Uebelhoer, Nathan TI Superficial Chemical Peels and Microdermabrasion for Acne Vulgaris SO SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CRYSTAL MICRODERMABRASION; NODULAR CUTANEOUS ELASTOSIS; SALICYLIC-ACID PEELS; GLYCOLIC ACID; ALPHA-HYDROXY; PYRUVIC-ACID; SKIN CARE; DERMABRASION; MANAGEMENT; RATIONALE AB Superficial chemical peels and microdermabrasion are used for many dermatologic conditions. A common condition treated with these modalities is acne vulgaris. In this review, we discuss the theory behind the technique of these procedures and describe the application and complications of each of these procedures in the office setting. The evaluation of patients before proceeding with the procedure and discuss pre- and postpeel regimens used for patients is discussed. We also analyze studies on both of these in-office procedures and comparative studies between the 2 most commonly used superficial chemical peeling agents, glycolic and salicylic acid. Semin Cutan Med Surg 27:212-220 (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Uebelhoer, Nathan] USN, Dept Dermatol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Kempiak, Stephan John] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Uebelhoer, N (reprint author), USN, Dept Dermatol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nathan.uebelhoer@med.navy.mil NR 54 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1085-5629 J9 SEMIN CUTAN MED SURG JI Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.sder.2008.06.003 PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 362LS UT WOS:000260199800008 PM 18786500 ER PT J AU Ladner, R Petry, F Gupta, KM Warner, E Moore, P Aha, DW AF Ladner, Roy Petry, Frederick Gupta, Kalyan Moy Warner, Elizabeth Moore, Philip Aha, David W. TI Soft computing techniques for web services brokering SO SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE case-based classifier; rough sets; information gain; MetOc; ontology; Web Services AB To enhance and improve the interoperability of meteorological Web Services, we are currently developing an Integrated Web Services Brokering System (IWB). IWB uses a case-based classifier to automatically discover Web Services. In this paper, we explore the use of rough set techniques for selecting features prior to classification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this feature technique by comparing it with a leading non-rough set (Information Gain) feature selection technique. C1 [Petry, Frederick; Warner, Elizabeth] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ladner, Roy] Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gupta, Kalyan Moy] Knexus Res Corp, Springfield, VA USA. [Moore, Philip] ITT Ind, Alexandria, VA USA. [Aha, David W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petry, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM roy.ladner@navy.mil; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; kalyan.gupta@nrl.navy.mil; ewarner@nrlssc.navy.mil; moore@aic.nrl.navy.mil; aha@aic.nrl.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-7643 J9 SOFT COMPUT JI Soft Comput. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1089 EP 1098 DI 10.1007/s00500-008-0277-0 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 314RD UT WOS:000256825600007 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Mastro, MA Jung, H Kim, HY Kim, SH Holm, RT Hite, J Eddy, CR Bang, J Kim, J AF Kim, Byung-Jae Mastro, Michael A. Jung, Hyunjung Kim, Hong-Yeol Kim, Sung Hyun Holm, Ron T. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Bang, Joona Kim, Jihyun TI Inductively coupled plasma etching of nano-patterned sapphire for flip-chip GaN light emitting diode applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Letter DE light emitting diodes; surface texturing; plasma etching; sapphire; GaN ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; FABRICATION; EXTRACTION; EFFICIENCY; ARRAYS AB The flip-chip configuration is employed for the production of high-brightness GaN-based light emitting diodes to improve the extraction of heat. A lithographic approach based on a sacrificial SiO2 nanosphere etch mask was developed to enhance the external extraction of light from the sapphire substrate. Closed-packed arrays of SiO2 nanospheres were prepared by a simple solution-based method on the sapphire substrate. Subsequent dry-etching via inductively coupled plasma using a gas mixture of BCl3 and Cl-2 transferred a pattern into the sapphire substrate with the lowest etching at the center of the SiO2 nanosphere. This process created an array of circular cones in the surface of the sapphire that were found to be effective in enhancing the light extraction efficiency through multi-photon scatterings. Room temperature photo luminescence exhibited an increase of 22.5% in intensity after the surface of sapphire was textured. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Kim, Byung-Jae; Jung, Hyunjung; Kim, Hong-Yeol; Kim, Sung Hyun; Holm, Ron T.; Bang, Joona; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Holm, Ron T.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bang, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Anam Dong, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM joona@korea.ac.kr; hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Bang, Joona/F-6589-2013; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Kim, Sung Hyun/F-7292-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 21 BP 7744 EP 7747 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.05.046 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 355SF UT WOS:000259727900078 ER PT J AU Guerry, P Szymanski, CM AF Guerry, Patricia Szymanski, Christine M. TI Campylobacter sugars sticking out SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; GENERAL PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PSEUDAMINIC ACID PATHWAY; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; JEJUNI 81-176; IN-VITRO; BACTERIAL OLIGOSACCHARYLTRANSFERASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE AB The amazing repertoire of glycoconjugates that are found in Campylobacter jejuni includes lipooligosaccharides mimicking human glycolipids, capsular polysaccharides with complex and unusual sugars, and proteins that are post-translationally modified with either O- or Winked glycans. Thus, the glycome of this important food-borne pathogen is an excellent toolbox for glycobiologists to understand the fundamentals of these pathways and their role in host-microbe interactions, develop new techniques for glycobiology and exploit these pathways for novel diagnostics and therapeutics. The exciting surge in recent research activities will be summarized in this review. C1 [Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Szymanski, Christine M.] CNR, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Szymanski, CM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM cszymans@ualberta.ca RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; Szymanski, Christine/A-3763-2014 OI Szymanski, Christine/0000-0002-8464-1352 FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program [6000.11ADLDA3.A0308] FX The authors would like to thank Michel Gilbert for helpful comments, Bruno Lacelle for the illustration in Figure 1 and Jean-Robert Brisson for the models shown in Figure 2. P.G. is supported by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (6000.11ADLDA3.A0308). NR 75 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2008.07.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 356AT UT WOS:000259751800005 PM 18707886 ER PT J AU Butler, FK Hagan, C Murphy-Lavoie, H AF Butler, F. K., Jr. Hagan, C. Murphy-Lavoie, H. TI Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and the Eye SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION; CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA; INDUCED OPTIC NEUROPATHY; INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM; ANTERIOR SEGMENT ISCHEMIA; RHINO-ORBITAL MUCORMYCOSIS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; INDUCED SCLERAL NECROSIS C1 [Butler, F. K., Jr.] USN, Med Lessons Learned Ctr, Naval Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. [Hagan, C.] USN, Dept Ophthalmol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Murphy-Lavoie, H.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Sect Emergency Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Med Lessons Learned Ctr, Naval Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 374 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DUNKIRK PA 10020 SOUTHER MARYLAND BLVD, PO BOX 1020, DUNKIRK, MD 20754-1020 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 333 EP 387 PG 55 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 368BC UT WOS:000260595300002 PM 19024664 ER PT J AU Cai, D Blair, D Dufort, FJ Gumina, MR Huang, ZP Hong, G Wagner, D Canahan, D Kempa, K Ren, ZF Chiles, TC AF Cai, Dong Blair, Derek Dufort, Fay J. Gumina, Maria R. Huang, Zhongping Hong, George Wagner, Dean Canahan, D. Kempa, K. Ren, Z. F. Chiles, Thomas C. TI Interaction between carbon nanotubes and mammalian cells: characterization by flow cytometry and application SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; IN-VIVO; DELIVERY; INTERNALIZATION; TRANSPORTERS; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; THERAPY; GROWTH AB We show herein that CNT-cell complexes are formed in the presence of a magnetic field. The complexes were analyzed by flow cytometry as a quantitative method for monitoring the physical interactions between CNTs and cells. We observed an increase in side scattering signals, where the amplitude was proportional to the amount of CNTs that are associated with cells. Even after the formation of CNT-cell complexes, cell viability was not significantly decreased. The association between CNTs and cells was strong enough to be used for manipulating the complexes and thereby conducting cell separation with magnetic force. In addition, the CNT-cell complexes were also utilized to facilitate electroporation. We observed a time constant from CNT-cell complexes but not from cells alone, indicating a high level of pore formation in cell membranes. Experimentally, we achieved the expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein by using a low electroporation voltage after the formation of CNT-cell complexes. These results suggest that higher transfection efficiency, lower electroporation voltage, and miniaturized setup dimension of electroporation may be accomplished through the CNT strategy outlined herein. C1 [Cai, Dong; Blair, Derek; Dufort, Fay J.; Gumina, Maria R.; Chiles, Thomas C.] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Huang, Zhongping; Canahan, D.] NanoLab Inc, Newton, MA 02458 USA. [Hong, George] Millipore Corp, Bioproc Div, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Wagner, Dean] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kempa, K.; Ren, Z. F.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Cai, D (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM caid@bc.edu RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 34 AR 345102 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345102 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 326RJ UT WOS:000257676300002 ER PT J AU Buhr, F El Bakkouri, M Valdez, O Pollmann, S Lebedev, N Reinbothe, S Reinbothe, C AF Buhr, Frank El Bakkouri, Majida Valdez, Oscar Pollmann, Stephan Lebedev, Nikolai Reinbothe, Steffen Reinbothe, Christiane TI Photoprotective role of NADPH : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll biosynthesis; chloroplast development; greening; reactive oxygen species ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; DOUBLE FLUORESCENT; IN-VITRO; LIGHT; POR; EXPRESSION; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION AB A homology model of NADPH:protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) oxidoreductase A (POR; E.C. 1.3.33.1) of barley is developed and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. PORA is considered a globular protein consisting of nine a-helices and seven P-strands. The model predicts the presence of two functionally distinctive Pchlide binding sites where the pigment is coordinated by cystein residues. The pigment bound to the first, high-affinity Pchlide binding site is used for the formation of the photoactive state of the enzyme. The pigment bound to the second, low-affinity Pchlide binding site is involved in the PORA:PORB interaction, allowing for resonance energy transfer between the neighboring PORs in the complex. In the in vitro reconstituted light-harvesting POR:Pchlide complex (LHPP), light absorbed by PORA-bound Pchlide b is transferred to PORB-bound Pchlide a. That induces the conversion of Pchlide a to chlorophyllide (Chlide) a. This energy transfer eliminates the possibility of Pchlide b photoreduction and prevents that excited triplet states of either Pchlides a or b accumulate and provoke singlet oxygen production. Together, our results provide a photoprotective role of PORA during greening. C1 [Buhr, Frank; Valdez, Oscar; Reinbothe, Christiane] Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [El Bakkouri, Majida; Reinbothe, Steffen; Reinbothe, Christiane] Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Etud & Rech Macromol Organ, CNRS, Fed Rech Evolut 3017, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Pollmann, Stephan] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reinbothe, C (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol, Univ Str 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. EM christiane.reinbothe@uni-bayreuth.de RI Pollmann, Stephan/C-2776-2009 OI Pollmann, Stephan/0000-0002-5111-4425 FU Chaire d'Excellence program of the French Ministry of Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Project [DFG-RE1465/1-1, DFG-RE1465/1-2, DFG-RE1465/1-3] FX We thank Dr. E. Hideg (institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary) for gift of the DanePy reagent and Dr. G. Tichtinsky for technical assistance with the bacterial expression and purification of the barley PORA and PORB. This study was supported by the Chaire d'Excellence program of the French Ministry of Research and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Project Grants DFG-RE1465/1-1, DFG-RE1465/1-2, and DFG-RE1465/1-3 (to C.R.). NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 34 BP 12629 EP 12634 DI 10.1073/pnas.0803950105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 344DJ UT WOS:000258905700094 PM 18723681 ER PT J AU McKenzie, R Darsley, M Thomas, N Randall, R Carpenter, C Forbes, E Finucane, M Sack, RB Hall, E Bourgeois, AL AF McKenzie, Robin Darsley, Michael Thomas, Nicola Randall, Roger Carpenter, Colleen Forbes, Edrick Finucane, Mariel Sack, R. Bradley Hall, Eric Bourgeois, August L. TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of PTL-003, an attenuated enterotoxigenic E-coli (ETEC) vaccine strain, in protecting against challenge with virulent ETEC SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE oral vaccine; ETEC; enterotoxigenic E. coli; live attenuated vaccine; diarrhea ID INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HEAT-LABILE TOXIN; TRAVELERS; DIARRHEA; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; VOLUNTEERS; HUMANS; MEXICO AB Enterotoxigenic E. coli(ETEC) are all important cause of diarrhea in developing countries, especially among indigenous children and travelers. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a live, attenuated CS1 /CS3 ETEC strain, PTL-003, was tested as a potential vaccine strain. Thirty-three subjects drank buffered solutions containing either PTL-003 or placebo oil Days 0 and 10 and were challenged with virulent CS1/CS3 ETEC strain E24377A on Day 28. The vaccine did not protect against moderate to severe ETEC illness (the primary endpoint), but it did prime subjects for a rapid antibody response to CS1 and CS3 after challenge, suggesting that a dose of vaccine on Day 28 might improve the immune response to the vaccine. Higher serum anti-CS3 IgA titers at the time of challenge correlated with less severe diarrhea] illness. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McKenzie, Robin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Darsley, Michael; Thomas, Nicola; Randall, Roger] Acambis Res Ltd, Cambridge CB1 9PT, England. [Finucane, Mariel] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carpenter, Colleen; Hall, Eric] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bourgeois, August L.] PATH Vaccine Dev Global Program, Enter Vaccine Initiat, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [McKenzie, Robin; Darsley, Michael; Thomas, Nicola; Randall, Roger; Carpenter, Colleen; Forbes, Edrick; Bourgeois, August L.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP McKenzie, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, 624 N. Broadway,HH,Rm 200, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rmckenz@jhmi.edu FU Acambis Research Ltd., Cambridge, UK; Johns Hopkins University; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [M01-RR00052] FX This work was supported by Acambis Research Ltd., Cambridge, UK and by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine General Clinical Research Center grant number M01-RR00052 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 26 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 36 BP 4731 EP 4739 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.064 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 350CT UT WOS:000259330900014 PM 18602960 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI The double-diffusive modon SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SALT FINGERS; THERMOHALINE STAIRCASE; CONVECTION; AMPLITUDE; LAYERS; FLUID AB Fully developed two-dimensional salt-finger convection is characterized by the appearance of coherent dipolar eddies which carry relatively fresh and cold fluid upward and salty and warm fluid downward. Such structures - the double-diffusive modons - are prevalent in the regime in which density stratification is close to neutral and the salt-finger instability is extremely vigorous. The structure and translation velocities of modons are discussed in terms of the asymptotic expansion in which the background density ratio approaches unity. It is argued that the vertical salt flux is driven primarily by double-diffusive modons, which makes it possible to derive explicit expressions for the mixing rates of temperature and salinity as a function of their background gradients. Predictions of the proposed mixing model are successfully tested by direct numerical simulations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 609 BP 59 EP 85 DI 10.1017/S0022112008002127 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 345CG UT WOS:000258973000003 ER PT J AU Hibler, LF Maxwell, AR Miller, LM Kohn, NP Woodruff, DL Montes, MJ Bowles, JH Moline, MA AF Hibler, L. F. Maxwell, A. R. Miller, L. M. Kohn, N. P. Woodruff, D. L. Montes, M. J. Bowles, J. H. Moline, M. A. TI Improved fine-scale transport model performance using AUV and HSI feedback in a tidally dominated system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; PHILLS HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER; PLUME; CALIBRATION; DISPERSION; FLOW AB One of the challenges for model prediction and validation is providing them with data of appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. The maturation and increased application of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in aquatic environments allows systematic data collection on these model-relevant scales. The goal of this study was to apply a fine-scale circulation and transport model (Delft3D) to improve AUV mission planning and use data collected by the AUV to evaluate and improve model performance. A dye release was conducted in a tidally dominated embayment, and a planning phase model based on the best available data was used as a baseline for evaluation and for AUV mission planning (forecast). The planning phase model correctly predicted the general shape and direction of the dye plume and allowed for successful mission planning. Subsequently, bathymetry data collected by the AUV was incorporated into the model (hindcast), with temperature and salinity collected before the experiment. Comparisons with fluorometer measurements from the AUV indicate that the model effectively predicted the edges of the plume and centerline location. The location was also confirmed by remote sensing from an aircraft. Thermal stratification was found to be an important fate mechanism in the final model, and the results demonstrate the integration of observational data sets for small, short-duration surface-contaminant releases. This study highlights the strength of a phased, iterative approach with observation platforms and may serve as a guide toward improving the performance and evaluation of future coastal hydrodynamic and transport modeling efforts. C1 [Hibler, L. F.; Maxwell, A. R.; Miller, L. M.; Kohn, N. P.; Woodruff, D. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Miller, L. M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Montes, M. J.; Bowles, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moline, M. A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Hibler, LF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM lyle.hibler@pnl.gov; adam.maxwell@pnl.gov; nancy.kohn@pnl.gov; dana.woodruff@pnl.gov; marcos.montes@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.bowles@nrl.navy.mil; moline@marine.calpoly.edu RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08036 DI 10.1029/2008JC004739 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 340LV UT WOS:000258648000003 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, A. D. TI Time-dependent weak values and their intrinsic phases of evolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-THEORY; PRE-SELECTION; COMPLEX-SPACE; PARTICLE; ENERGY; SPIN; REALIZATION; COMPONENT AB The equation of motion for a time-dependent weak value of a quantum-mechanical observable is known to contain a complex valued energy factor ( the weak energy of evolution) that is defined by the dynamics of the pre-selected and post-selected states which specify the observable's weak value. In this paper, the mechanism responsible for the creation of this energy is identified and it is shown that the cumulative effect over time of this energy is manifested as dynamical phases and pure geometric phases ( the intrinsic phases of evolution) which govern the evolution of the weak value during its measurement process. These phases are simply related to a Pancharatnam phase and Fubini-Study metric distance defined by the Hilbert space evolution of the associated pre-selected and post-selected states. A characterization of time-dependent weak value evolution as Pancharatnam phase angle rotations and Fubini-Study distance scalings of a vector in the Argand plane is discussed as an application of this relationship. The theory of weak values is also reviewed and simple 'gedanken experiments' are used to illustrate both the time-independent and the time-dependent versions of the theory. It is noted that the direct experimental observation of the weak energy of evolution would strongly support the time-symmetric paradigm of quantum mechanics and it is suggested that weak value equations of motion represent a new category of nonlocal equations of motion. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 33 AR 335305 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/41/33/335305 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 329DU UT WOS:000257847900026 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Johannes, MD Sawatzky, GA AF Mazin, I. I. Johannes, M. D. Sawatzky, G. A. TI Comment on "Low-Lying States and Hidden Kinematic Collective Charge Instabilities in Parent Cobaltate Superconductors'' SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mazin, I. I.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sawatzky, G. A.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 8 AR 089703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.089703 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 340KD UT WOS:000258643600076 PM 18764667 ER PT J AU Zezula, J Singer, L Przybyl, AK Hashimoto, A Dersch, CM Rothman, RB Deschamps, J Lee, YS Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Zezula, Josef Singer, Lisa Przybyl, Anna K. Hashimoto, Akihiro Dersch, Christina M. Rothman, Richard B. Deschamps, Jeffrey Lee, Yong Sok Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI Synthesis and pharmacological effects of the enantiomers of the N-phenethyl analogues of the ortho and para e- and f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHENOMENA; PROBES; ISOMERS; 5-(3-HYDROXYPHENYL)-N-PHENYLETHYLMORPHAN; (-)-5-META-HYDROXYPHENYL-2-METHYLMORPHAN; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN; 5-PHENYLMORPHANS; DERIVATIVES; ANTAGONISTS; NITRATION AB The N-phenethyl analogues of (1R*,4aR*,9aS*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol and (1R*,4aR*,9aR*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2.3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol, the ortho- (43) and para-hydroxy e- (20), and f-oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans (53 and 26) were prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms from a common precursor, the quaternary salt 12. Optical resolutions were accomplished by salt formation with suitable enantiomerically pure chiral acids or by preparative HPLC on a chiral support. The N-phenethyl (-)- para-e enantiomer (1S,4aS,9aR-(-)-20) was found to be a p-opioid agonist with morphine-like antinociceptive activity in a mouse assay. In contrast, the N-phenethyl (-)-ortho-f enantiomer (1R,4aR,9aR-(-)-53) had good affinity for the g-opioid receptor (K(i) = 7 nM) and was found to be a p-antagonist both in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S assay and in vivo. The molecular structures of these rigid enantiomers were energy minimized with density functional theory at the level B3LYP/6-31G* level, and then overlaid on a known potent p-agonist. This superposition study suggests that the agonist activity of the oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans can be attributed to formation of a seven membered ring that is hypothesized to facilitate a proton transfer from the protonated nitrogen to a proton acceptor in the p-opioid receptor. C1 [Zezula, Josef; Singer, Lisa; Przybyl, Anna K.; Hashimoto, Akihiro; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Chem Biol Res Branch, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Zezula, Josef; Singer, Lisa; Przybyl, Anna K.; Hashimoto, Akihiro; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIAAA, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Dersch, Christina M.; Rothman, Richard B.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Natl Inst Hlth, Addict Res Ctr,Chem Biol Res Branch, DHHS,Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Yong Sok] NIH, Ctr Mol Modelling, Div Computat Biosci, CIT,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Chem Biol Res Branch, Drug Design & Synth Sect, 5625 Fishers Lane,Room 4NO3,MSC 9415, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM kennerr@mail.nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; NIH Intramural Research Program; NIDA [YI-DA6002] FX The research of the Drug Design and Synthesis Section, CBRB, NIDA & NIAAA, was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and NIDA supported the research of the Clinical Psychopharmacology Section. The quantum chemical study utilized the high-performance computer capabilities of the Helix Systems at the NIH (http://helix.nih.gov) and the PC/LINUX clusters at the Center for Molecular Modeling of the NIH (http://cit.nih.gov), and this research was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program through the Center for Information Technology. We thank Dr John Lloyd (NIDDK) for the mass spectral data, and we thank NIDA for support of the X-ray crystallographic studies (NIDA contract YI-DA6002). We also thank the Drug Evaluation Committee, College on Problems of Drug Dependence (Biological Coordinator, Dr A. Coop, University of Maryland, College of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD) for the data obtained from in vivo assays carried out at Virginia Commonwealth University (Dr M. Aceto and L. Harris), and Dr Leen Maat, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, for advice on the nomenclature of some of the compounds. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 16 BP 2868 EP 2883 DI 10.1039/b803433h PG 16 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 342FM UT WOS:000258770000005 PM 18688479 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW AF Schuck, P. W. TI Tracking vector magnetograms with the magnetic induction equation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; methods : data analysis; Sun : atmospheric motions ID QUIET ACTIVE REGIONS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES; HELICITY INJECTION; FIELD PROPERTIES; VELOCITY-FIELD; SOLAR CORONA; FLUX TUBES; DRIVEN EVOLUTION; KINK INSTABILITY AB The differential affine velocity estimator (DAVE) that we developed in 2006 for estimating velocities from line-of-sight magnetograms is modified to directly incorporate horizontal magnetic fields to produce a differential affine velocity estimator for vector magnetograms (DAVE4VM). The DAVE4VM's performance is demonstrated on the synthetic data from the anelastic pseudospectral ANMHD simulations that were used in the recent comparison of velocity inversion techniques by Welsch and coworkers. The DAVE4VM predicts roughly 95% of the helicity rate and 75% of the power transmitted through the simulation slice. Intercomparison between DAVE4VM and DAVE and further analysis of the DAVE method demonstrates that line- of-sight tracking methods capture the shearing motion of magnetic foot points but are insensitive to flux emergence-the velocities determined from line- of- sight methods are more consistent with horizontal plasma velocities than with flux transport velocities. These results suggest that previous studies that rely on velocities determined from line- of- sight methods such as the DAVE or local correlation tracking may substantially misrepresent the total helicity rates and power through the photosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schuck@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 63 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1134 EP 1152 DI 10.1086/589434 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100042 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Li, J Riley, P Raymond, JC AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Li, Jing Riley, Pete Raymond, John C. TI Large-scale coronal density and abundance structures and their association with magnetic field structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; sun : abundances; sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID EJECTION CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; ACTIVE-REGION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTROMETER; VELOCITY; SPECTRA AB We construct subsynoptic maps of the ultraviolet-line fluxes, electron density, and elemental abundances for an east limb corona at 1.63 solar radii from 2000 September 20 to October 1. The data, covering position angles of 85 degrees-126 degrees, were taken from the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the maps are based on the variation of these parameters along the field of view of the UVCS slit. Combining these maps with the limb synoptic maps made from SOHO Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph, and Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope observations provides a large-scale, distinct view of the contrast between different coronal structures in different physical properties and their relation to the underlying disk and magnetic field structures. During this time period, the east limb corona mainly consisted of three streamers and two dark areas that exhibited very different plasma properties. We construct a three-dimensional MHD coronal model that incorporates energy transport processes, and compare the large-scale coronal properties of the model with those of the observation. The comparison investigates areas of different abundances and densities, and their possible association with open and closed magnetic field structures. We find a good indication that the open field regions, which we believe to be the slow-wind source regions in this case, have lower coronal density and higher abundance values than the closed field regions. This is true for absolute abundance, and probably also for the FIP bias. Therefore, such synoptic maps can be very useful for identifying solar wind source regions. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, Jing] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Riley, Pete] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA [NNX07AL72G] FX Y.-K. K. would like to thank J. Linker for valuable discussions. This project is supported by NASA grant NNX07AL72G. SOHO is a joint mission of the European Space Agency and NASA. Although not presented in this paper, we acknowledge the use of the MAS model results provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center through their public Runs-on-Request system (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The CCMC is a multiagency partnership between NASA, AFMC, AFOSR, AFRL, AFWA, NOAA, NSF, and ONR. The MAS Model was developed by J. Linker, Z. Mikic, R. Lionello, and P. Riley at the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), San Diego, California. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1168 EP 1179 DI 10.1086/589873 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100045 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Luhmann, JG Zurbuchen, TH AF Lynch, B. J. Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. Luhmann, J. G. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI Topological evolution of a fast magnetic breakout CME in three dimensions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; FIELD TOPOLOGY; RECONNECTION; FLARE; MODEL; ACCELERATION; FILAMENT; EVENTS; SIGNATURES AB We present the extension of the magnetic breakout model for CME initiation to a fully three-dimensional, spherical geometry. Given the increased complexity of the dynamic magnetic field interactions in three dimensions, we first present a summary of the well known axisymmetric breakout scenario in terms of the topological evolution associated with the various phases of the eruptive process. In this context, we discuss the analogous topological evolution during the magnetic breakout CME initiation process in the simplest three-dimensional multipolar system. We show that an extended bipolar active region embedded in an oppositely directed background dipole field has all the necessary topological features required for magnetic breakout, i.e., a fan separatrix surface between the two distinct flux systems, a pair of spine field lines, and a true three-dimensional coronal null point at their intersection. We then present the results of a numerical MHD simulation of this three-dimensional system where boundary shearing flows introduce free magnetic energy, eventually leading to a fast magnetic breakout CME. The eruptive flare reconnection facilitates the rapid conversion of this stored free magnetic energy into kinetic energy and the associated acceleration causes the erupting field and plasma structure to reach an asymptotic eruption velocity of greater than or similar to 1100 km s(-1) over an similar to 15 minute time period. The simulation results are discussed using the topological insight developed to interpret the various phases of the eruption and the complex, dynamic, and interacting magnetic field structures. C1 [Lynch, B. J.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zurbuchen, T. H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NSF SHINE [ATM-0621725]; NASA; Office of Naval Research (ONR); NASA HTP; TRT; SRT FX B. J. L. gratefully acknowledges current support from the NSF SHINE program ATM-0621725 and additional funding from NASA, the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and SSL/UCB participation in the Center for Integrated Space-weather Mg Modernization Program provided resources at the ERDC major shared resouodeling (CISM) collaboration. The DoD High Performance Computinrce and NRL-DC distributed computing centers for this research. This work was supported, in part, by the NASA HTP, TR&T, and SR&T programs. NR 61 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1192 EP 1206 DI 10.1086/589738 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100047 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Gilman, JW Morgan, AB Shields, JR Maupin, PH Lyon, RE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, Douglas M. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Morgan, Alexander B. Shields, John R. Maupin, Paul H. Lyon, Richard E. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Flammability and thermal analysis characterization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRIALKYLIMIDAZOLIUM SALTS; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; HYDROGENATION; DEGRADATION; CATALYSIS AB Room-temperature ionic liquids have been identified as nonvolatile, nonflammable compounds with a wide range of applications. However, numerous thermal studies have identified volatile decomposition products and a source for fuel, raising questions regarding the fire hazard of ionic liquids. To address these questions, the flammability properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been measured using cone calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry. The combustion data are compared to flashpoints estimated from thermal gravimetric analysis data. The resulting flammability properties of ionic liquids are comparable to aliphatic hydrocarbon plastics (polyethylene and polyamide) and lower than high boiling organic solvents (ethyl lactate and dimethyl sulfoxide). Several structure-property relationships are observed, including alkyl chain length and anion type. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Shields, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morgan, Alexander B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lyon, Richard E.] FAA, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06300J001]; Federal Aviation Administration [ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018] FX We would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F1ATA06300J001) and the Federal Aviation Administration (ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018) for partial funding of this work. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 6327 EP 6332 DI 10.1021/ie800665u PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 336XO UT WOS:000258400300061 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Kaminska, E Wlodarczyk, P Paluch, M Ziolo, J Ngai, KL AF Kaminski, K. Kaminska, E. Wlodarczyk, P. Paluch, M. Ziolo, J. Ngai, K. L. TI Dielectric relaxation study of the dynamics of monosaccharides: D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; GLUCOSE; WATER; MIXTURES; FORMERS; LIQUID; STATES AB The dielectric loss spectra of two closely related monosaccharides, D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, measured at ambient and elevated pressures are presented. 2-deoxy-D-ribose and D-ribose are respectively the building blocks of the backbone chains in the nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Small differences in the structure between D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose result in changes of the glass transition temperature T(g), as well as the dielectric strength and activation enthalpy of the secondary relaxations. However, the frequency dispersion of the structural alpha-relaxation for the same relaxation time remains practically the same. Two secondary relaxations are present in both sugars. The slower secondary relaxation shifts to lower frequencies with increasing applied pressure, but not the faster one. This pressure dependence indicates that the slower secondary relaxation is the important and 'universal' Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation of both sugars according to one of the criteria set up to classify secondary relaxations. Additional confirmation of this conclusion comes from good agreement of the observed relaxation time of the slower secondary relaxation with the primitive relaxation time calculated from the coupling model. All the dynamic properties of D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose are similar to the other monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, galactose and sorbose, except for the much larger relaxation strength of the alpha-relaxation of the former compared to the latter. The difference may distinguish the chemical and biological functions of D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose from the other monosaccharides. C1 [Kaminski, K.; Kaminska, E.; Wlodarczyk, P.; Paluch, M.; Ziolo, J.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminski, K (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ulica Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 33 AR 335104 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/33/335104 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333HX UT WOS:000258144700006 ER PT J AU Lee, WC Bell, MM Goodman, KE AF Lee, Wen-Chau Bell, Michael M. Goodman, Keith E., Jr. TI Supercells and mesocyclones in outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TORNADOES; ENVIRONMENTS; OUTBREAK; EYEWALL; STORMS; RADAR AB This study documents and describes supercells embedded within the outer rainbands of Hurricane Katrina ( 2005). Radar reflectivity and velocity data collected on 29 August 2005 by Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler radars were used to track the supercells. Radar analysis indicates that the supercells were characterized by heavy precipitation collocated with band-relative meso-cylonic circulations containing strong vorticity and a wind speed enhancement to their northeast. Atmospheric soundings and dual-Doppler derived shear suggest that environmental conditions were comparable to those in previous hurricane-spawned supercell studies. Twenty-three storms from 0300-0900 UTC were tracked, and single- and dual-Doppler radar analyses were used to examine characteristics such as shear and rotational velocity. Remarkably, the majority of the supercells formed over the Gulf of Mexico rather than over land, which contrasts with previous studies. Furthermore, the ground-relative wind speeds of these potentially tornadic mesocyclones in the outer rainbands could have been Category 4 intensity despite sustained winds in Katrina's eyewall only reaching Category 3 at landfall. C1 [Lee, Wen-Chau; Bell, Michael M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bell, Michael M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Goodman, Keith E., Jr.] Norfolk State Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. RP Lee, WC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM wenchau@ucar.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU NCAR SOARS program FX Reviews provided by Roger Wakimoto, Chris Davis, Scott Ellis and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge the NCAR SOARS program for funding the summer visit of the third author to begin this research, and the National Weather Service and National Climactic Data Center for collecting and archiving the NEXRAD Level II data used in this study. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 16 AR L16803 DI 10.1029/2008GL034724 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 340KT UT WOS:000258645200006 ER PT J AU Virgin, LN Santillan, ST Plaut, RH AF Virgin, L. N. Santillan, S. T. Plaut, R. H. TI Vibration isolation using extreme geometric nonlinearity SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EUROMECH Colloquium on Geometrically Non-Linear Vibrations of Structures CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Porto, PORTUGAL HO Univ Porto, Fac Engn AB A highly deformed, slender beam (or strip), attached to a vertically oscillating base, is used in a vibration isolation application to reduce the motion of a supported mass. The isolator is a thin strip that is bent so that the two ends are clamped together, forming a loop. The clamped ends are attached to an excitation source and the supported system is attached at the loop midpoint directly above the base. The strip is modeled as an elastica, and the resulting nonlinear boundary value problem is solved numerically using a shooting method. First the equilibrium shapes of the loop with varying static loads and lengths are studied. The analysis reveals a large degree of stiffness tunability; the stiffness is dependent on the geometric configuration, which itself is determined by the supported mass, loop length, and loop self-weight. Free vibration frequencies and mode shapes are also found. Finally, the case of forced vibration is studied, and the displacement transmissibility over a large range of forcing frequencies is determined for varying parameter values. Experiments using polycarbonate strips are conducted to verify equilibrium and dynamic behavior. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Virgin, L. N.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Santillan, S. T.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Plaut, R. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Virgin, LN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM l.virgin@duke.edu NR 10 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 315 IS 3 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.12.025 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 324KG UT WOS:000257516900021 ER PT J AU Lebedev, N Trammell, SA Tsoi, S Spano, A Kim, JH Xu, J Twigg, ME Schnur, JM AF Lebedev, Nikolai Trammell, Scott A. Tsoi, Stanislav Spano, Anthony Kim, Jin Ho Xu, Jimmy Twigg, Mark E. Schnur, Joel M. TI Increasing efficiency of photoelectronic conversion by encapsulation of photosynthetic reaction center proteins in arrayed carbon nanotube electrode SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ZINC PORPHYRIN; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DONOR; BIOSENSORS; HYDROGEN; SENSORS; CELLS AB The construction of efficient light energy converting (photovoltaic and photoelectronic) devices is a current and great challenge in science and technology and one that will have important economic consequences. Here we show that the efficiency of these devices can be improved by the utilization of a new type of nano-organized material having photosynthetic reaction center proteins encapsulated inside carbon nanotube arrayed electrodes. In this work, a generically engineered bacterial photosynthetic reaction center protein with specifically synthesized organic molecular linkers were encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes and bound to the inner tube walls in unidirectional orientation. The results show that the photosynthetic proteins encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes are photochemically active and exhibit considerable improvement in the rate of electron transfer and the photocurrent density compared to the material constructed from the same components in traditional lamella configuration. C1 [Lebedev, Nikolai; Trammell, Scott A.; Tsoi, Stanislav] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Trammell, Scott A.; Tsoi, Stanislav] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Kim, Jin Ho; Xu, Jimmy] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Twigg, Mark E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schnur, Joel M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nnl@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 16 BP 8871 EP 8876 DI 10.1021/la8011348 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 336PU UT WOS:000258377900071 PM 18616302 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Melde, BJ Charles, PT Cardona, DC Dinderman, MA Malanoski, AP Qadri, SB AF Johnson, Brandy J. Melde, Brian J. Charles, Paul T. Cardona, Darnaris Concepcion Dinderman, Michael A. Malanoski, Anthony P. Qadri, Syed B. TI Imprinted nanoporous organosilicas for selective adsorption, of nitroenergetic targets SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; GAS-SENSING APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SILICA FILMS; COPOLYMERS; MORPHOLOGY; PHASE AB Periodic mesoporous organosilicas incorporating diethylbenzene bridges in their pore walls were applied for the adsorption of nitroenegetic targets from aqueous solution. The materials were synthesized by co-condensing 1,4bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene (DEB) with 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane to improve structural characteristics. Molecular imprinting of the pore surfaces was employed through the use of a novel target-like surfactant to further enhance selectivity for targets of interest (tri- and dinitrotoluenes) over targets of similar structure (p-cresol and p-nitrophenol). The headgroup of the commonly used alkylene oxide surfactant Brij76 was modified by esterification with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. This provided a target analogue which was readily miscible with the Brij76 surfactant micelles used to direct material mesopore structures. The impact of variations in precursor ratios and amounts of imprint molecule was evaluated. The use of 12.5% of the modified Brij surfactant with a co-condensate employing 30% DEB was found to provide the best compromise between total capacity and selectivity for nitroenergetic targets. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Charles, Paul T.; Dinderman, Michael A.; Malanoski, Anthony P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melde, Brian J.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Cardona, Darnaris Concepcion] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem & Phys, Arecibo, PR 00614 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 16 BP 9024 EP 9029 DI 10.1021/la800615y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 336PU UT WOS:000258377900096 PM 18590292 ER PT J AU Staniszewski, A Heuer, WB Meyer, GJ AF Staniszewski, Aaron Heuer, William B. Meyer, Gerald J. TI High-extinction ruthenium compounds for sunlight harvesting and hole transport SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 INTERFACES; PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE SEPARATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; LIGAND; FILMS; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; DIAZAFLUORENONE AB The compounds Ru(bpy)(2)(BTL)(PF6)(2) and Ru(deeb)(2)(BTL)(PF6)(2), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, deeb is 4,4'-(C2H5CO2)(2)-bpy, and BTL is 9'-[4,5-bis(cyanoethylthio)]-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-4',5'-diazafluorene, were found to have very high extinction coefficients in the visible region. In an acetonitrile solution, the extinction of Ru(deeb)(2)(BTL)(PF6)(2) was epsilon = 44 000 +/- 1000 M-1 cm(-1) at lambda = 470 nm. Two quasi-reversible oxidation waves, E-1/2 = +0.88 and + 1.16 V, and an irreversible reduction, E-pr = -1.6 V, were observed versus ferrocene (Fc(+/0)). At -40 degrees C, a state was observed with spectroscopic properties characteristic of a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state, tau = 25 ns. This same compound Was found to photoinject electrons into TiO2 with a quantum yield Phi = 0.3 +/- 0.2 for 532.5 or 417 nm light excitation in a 0.1 M LiClO4/acetonitrile electrolyte. In regenerative solar cells, a sustained photocurrent was observed with a maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency of 0.4. The photocurrent action and absorptance spectra were in good agreement, consistent with injection from a single excited state. C1 [Heuer, William B.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Staniszewski, Aaron; Meyer, Gerald J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Staniszewski, Aaron; Meyer, Gerald J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Heuer, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Heuer@usna.edu; meyer@jhu.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 7062 EP 7064 DI 10.1021/ic800171h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 335ZA UT WOS:000258332900002 PM 18366155 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP McPhee, MG Kikuchi, T AF Shaw, W. J. Stanton, T. P. McPhee, M. G. Kikuchi, T. TI Estimates of surface roughness length in heterogeneous under-ice boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; SIMILARITY; MODEL; DRIFT; FLUX AB Measurements obtained in the under-ice ocean boundary layer by two autonomous buoys deployed in 2004 and 2005 are used to estimate the roughness length z(0) of the underside morphology of Arctic Ocean pack ice. Two techniques are used to estimate z(0). The first uses an extension of the law of the wall and directly measured turbulent shear stress and velocity at a single point near the ice-ocean interface. The second uses a one-dimensional numerical boundary layer model that is matched to measured velocity profiles in the outer part of the boundary layer with z(0) as an adjustable parameter. The stress-based estimates are sensitive to local morphological features, and the effect of nearby ice ridge keels on the roughness estimates is evident. Averaged over flow direction there is a significant difference in floe roughness between the 2004 and 2005 deployments. Velocity-profile-based z(0) estimates are more uniform with direction than the stress-based estimates, and the average value of the profile-based estimates lies within the range of the stress-based estimates. Averaged over flow direction, both techniques yield z(0) estimates of about 100 mm for the 2005 data set. A central question is how to best estimate a z(0) that can be applied to an individual grid cell in large-scale numerical models. The profile-based estimates are promising in this regard because they are less affected by local morphology than stress-based measurements, which must be made fairly close to the interface in order to be interpretable using a framework based on the law of the wall. C1 [Shaw, W. J.; Stanton, T. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kikuchi, T.] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [McPhee, M. G.] McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA 98937 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wjshaw@nps.edu; stanton@nps.edu; mmcphee@starband.net; takashik@jamstec.go.jp FU NSF [OPP-0084858, ARC-0520328] FX Jim Stockel, Rob Wyland, Ron Cowen, and Keith Wyckoff all made significant contributions to the development and construction of the flux buoys. Jamie Morison, Andy Heiberg, and Dean Stewart contributed logistical support and assisted with the field deployment of the buoys at the NPEO camps. This work was supported by NSF grants OPP-0084858 and ARC-0520328. The paper also benefited from the suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08030 DI 10.1029/2007JC004550 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 340LS UT WOS:000258647700002 ER PT J AU Terraciano, ML Bashkansky, M Fatemi, FK AF Terraciano, Matthew L. Bashkansky, Mark Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI A single-shot imaging magnetometer using cold atoms SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY AB We demonstrate a technique for imaging magnetic fields using velocity-selective two-photon resonances in a cold atom cloud. Freely expanding Rb-85 atoms released from a magneto-optical trap are exposed to a brief (approximate to 1 ms), off-resonant, retro-reflected laser pulse in a lin-perp-lin configuration. Two-photon resonance between magnetic sublevels occurs only for atoms in narrow velocity classes dependent on the magnetic field strength. The momentum of resonant atoms is altered by the pulse, and this two-photon momentum change is easily visible after further ballistic expansion. When the momentum pulse is applied to an atom cloud with finite size, magnetic field variations across the sample result in position-dependent features in images of the expanded cloud. We demonstrate the technique by imaging magnetic field variations over approximate to 5 mm with approximate to 250 mu m spatial resolution. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Terraciano, Matthew L.; Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 17 BP 13062 EP 13069 DI 10.1364/OE.16.013062 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349GG UT WOS:000259268700067 PM 18711545 ER PT J AU Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Chafin, Andrew P. Lindsay, Geoff A. TI A pattern for increasing the first hyperpolanizability of a push-pull polyene dye as indicated from DFT calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chafin, Andrew P.] NAVAIR, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Lindsay, Geoff A.] USN, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.chafin@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 600-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308417 ER PT J AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, Graham T. TI I&EC 142-Electrochemical studies of the Fries rearrangement in ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheek, Graham T.] USN Acad, Chem Dept Stop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cheek@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 142-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305203 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Kulp, JL AF Clark, Thomas D. Kulp, John L., III TI ORGN 360-D,L-peptide foldamers: New directions for beta helical peptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Clark, Thomas D.; Kulp, John L., III] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil; john.kulp@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 360-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256309656 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Knies, DL AF Demoranville, Leonard T. Knies, David L. TI NUCL 89-Development of mass-filtered, time-dilated TOF-SIMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Demoranville, Leonard T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Knies, David L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ldemoran@umd.edu; knies@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 89-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305748 ER PT J AU Eigenbrodt, BC Walker, RA Pomfret, MB AF Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. Walker, Robert A. Pomfret, Michael B. TI INOR 581-Interfacial conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte in operating solid oxide fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.; Walker, Robert A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pomfret, Michael B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beigenbr@umd.edu; rawalker@umd.edu; michael.pomfret@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 581-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306727 ER PT J AU Epshteyn, A AF Epshteyn, Albert TI INOR 595-Air and moisture stable metal-alkoxide-gel-passivated group 4B metal nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Epshteyn, Albert] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM albert.epshteyn@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 595-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306127 ER PT J AU Esenturk, O Heilwell, EJ Melinger, JS Lane, PA AF Esenturk, Okan Heilwell, Edwin J. Melinger, Joseph S. Lane, Paul A. TI POLY 637-Ultrafast carrier dynamics of blended and layered zinc-phthalocyanine/C60 films measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heilwell, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Inst Nanosci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lane, Paul A.] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM esenturk@umd.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 637-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308110 ER PT J AU Giammarco, J Valenzuela, P Osswald, S Mochalin, VN Forohar, F Gogotsi, Y AF Giammarco, James Valenzuela, Patricia Osswald, Sebastian Mochalin, Vadym N. Forohar, Farhad Gogotsi, Yury TI INOR 499-Carbon nanotubes filled with copper nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Giammarco, James] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mochalin, Vadym N.; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Forohar, Farhad] USN, NSWC, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM drechem2008@gmail.com; pdv23@drexel.edu; osswald.sebastian@gmx.de; vadym@cbis.ece.drexel.edu; farhad.forohar@navy.mil; yury.gogotsi@drexel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 499-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306617 ER PT J AU Heuer, WB Staniszewski, A Abrahamsson, M Pearson, WH Meyer, GJ AF Heuer, William B. Staniszewski, Aaron Abrahamsson, Maria Pearson, Wayne H. Meyer, Gerald J. TI INOR 568-Supramolecular sensitizers incorporating a novel alpha-diimine-dithiolene bridging ligand for solar cell applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heuer, William B.; Pearson, Wayne H.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Staniszewski, Aaron; Abrahamsson, Maria; Meyer, Gerald J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM meyer@jhu.edu RI Abrahamsson, Maria/A-2487-2011 OI Abrahamsson, Maria/0000-0002-6931-1128 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 568-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306454 ER PT J AU Keefer, LK Valdez, CA Saavedra, JE Showalter, BM Davies, KM Wilde, TC Citro, ML Barchi, JJ Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA El-Gayar, S Schleicher, U Bogdan, C AF Keefer, Larry K. Valdez, Carlos A. Saavedra, Joseph E. Showalter, Brett M. Davies, Keith M. Wilde, Thomas C. Citro, Michael L. Barchi, Joseph J., Jr. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Damon A. El-Gayar, Stefan Schleicher, Ulrike Bogdan, Christian TI MEDI 452-O2-Glycosylated diazeniumdiolates: Targeting nitric oxide to macrophages for antileishmanial activity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Keefer, Larry K.; Valdez, Carlos A.; Showalter, Brett M.; Wilde, Thomas C.] NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Saavedra, Joseph E.; Citro, Michael L.] SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Davies, Keith M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Barchi, Joseph J., Jr.] NCI, Med Chem Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [El-Gayar, Stefan; Schleicher, Ulrike; Bogdan, Christian] Univ Klinikum Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM keefer@ncifcrf.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 452-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305490 ER PT J AU Kurimura, M Sulima, A Hashimoto, A Przybyl, AK Ohshima, E Kodato, S Deschamps, JR Dersch, CM Rothman, RB Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Kurimura, Muneaki Sulima, A. Hashimoto, Akihiro Przybyl, Anna K. Ohshima, Etsuo Kodato, Shinichi Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Dersch, Christina M. Rothman, Richard B. Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI MEDI 180-Synthesis and opioid binding affinity of the final pair of N-methyl substituted oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, the ortho-, para-b isomers, and their N-phenethyl analogs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kurimura, Muneaki] Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Inst New Drug Discovery 2, Med Chem Grp, Tokushima 77101, Japan. [Sulima, A.] NHLBI, Imaging Probe Dev Ctr, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Hashimoto, Akihiro] Achill Pharmaceut Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Przybyl, Anna K.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Ohshima, Etsuo] Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Pharmaceut Res Ctr, Shizuoka, Japan. [Kodato, Shinichi] Bushu Pharmaceut Ltd, Qual Div, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rothman, Richard B.] NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, IRP, NIH,DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIAAA, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM m_kuri@research.otsuka.co.jp; przybylanna@hotmail.com; aej@helix.nih.gov; kr21f@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 180-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305305 ER PT J AU Kushto, G Lane, PA AF Kushto, Gary Lane, Paul A. TI POLY 636-Second and third row transition metal phthalocyanine based organic photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kushto, Gary; Lane, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.kushto@nrl.navy.mil; paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 636-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308348 ER PT J AU Lane, PA AF Lane, Paul A. TI An overview of solid state organic photovoltaic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lane, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 519-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308509 ER PT J AU Long, JW Lytle, JC Fischer, AE Bourg, ME Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Lytle, Justin C. Fischer, Anne E. Bourg, Megan E. Pettigrew, Kathenine A. Rolison, Debra R. TI POLY 535-Multifunctional carbon nanoarchitectures as designer platforms for electrochemical power sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Lytle, Justin C.; Fischer, Anne E.; Bourg, Megan E.; Pettigrew, Kathenine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; megan.bourg@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 535-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308224 ER PT J AU Long, JW Fischer, AE McEvoy, TM Bourg, ME Lytle, JC Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Fischer, Anne E. McEvoy, Todd M. Bourg, Megan E. Lytle, Justin C. Rolison, Debra R. TI PMSE 430-Self-limiting electropolymerization en route to ultrathin, conformal polymer coatings for energy-storage applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Fischer, Anne E.; McEvoy, Todd M.; Bourg, Megan E.; Lytle, Justin C.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; megan.bourg@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 430-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001355 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Pomfret, MB Barton, DJ Kidwell, DA AF Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Pomfret, Michael B. Barton, David J. Kidwell, David A. TI PHYS 317-FTIR spectroscopy of azide and cyanate ion pairs in AOT reverse micelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Pomfret, Michael B.; Barton, David J.; Kidwell, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil; michael.pomfret@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 317-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256307407 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Brown, DJ Epshteyn, A Purdy, AP Pietron, JJ Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Brown, Douglas J. Epshteyn, Albert Purdy, Andrew P. Pietron, Jeremy J. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI INOR 130-Spectroscopic anaylsis of metal nanorods electrodeposited in templates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Epshteyn, Albert; Purdy, Andrew P.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Douglas J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.pomfret@nrl.navy.mil; djbrown@usna.edu; albert.epshteyn@nrl.navy.mil; andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil; jpietron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 130-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306358 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Miller, JB Stroud, RM AF Purdy, Andrew P. Miller, Joel B. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI INOR 62-Aluminum nanoparticle synthesis using alkali metal reducing agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Purdy, Andrew P.; Miller, Joel B.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 62-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306019 ER PT J AU Ratna, BR Liu, J Soto, CM Goldman, ER Blum, AS AF Ratna, B. R. Liu, Jinny Soto, Carissa M. Goldman, Ellen R. Blum, Amy S. TI COLL 331-Genetically engineered and chemically modified plant and bacterial viruses as scaffold for nanoscale directed self-assembly SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ratna, B. R.; Liu, Jinny; Soto, Carissa M.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Blum, Amy S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@nrl.navy.mil; carissa.soto@nrl.navy.mil; amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 331-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303764 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Long, JW AF Rolison, Debra R. Long, Jeffrey W. TI POLY 162-Tutorial: Architectural design en route to scaleable 3-D multifunctional nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NANOARCHITECTURES C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 162-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308214 ER PT J AU Simonson, DL McGill, RA Papantonakis, MR Higgins, BA Stepnowski, JL AF Simonson, Duane L. McGill, R. Andrew Papantonakis, Michael R. Higgins, Bernadette A. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. TI ANYL 15-Chemoselective polymers, nanoparticles, and nanotubes in chemical sensor and preconcentrator applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Simonson, Duane L.; McGill, R. Andrew; Papantonakis, Michael R.; Higgins, Bernadette A.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stepnowski, Jennifer L.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM simonson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; amcgill@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; jstepnow@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 15-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301113 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA Irvin, DJ Steckler, T Reynolds, JR AF Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. Irvin, David J. Steckler, Timothy Reynolds, John R. TI PMSE 387-Supercapacitors/fast batteries: Current status and future needs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Irvin, David J.] USN, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Div Analyt Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Steckler, Timothy; Reynolds, John R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, George & Josephine Butler Polymer Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil; tsteckl@chem.ufl.edu; reynolds@chem.ufl.edu RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 387-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001115 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Moore, M Lowy, D Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Moore, Martin Lowy, Daniel Lebedev, Nikolai TI ANYL 410-Surface electrochemistry of the quinone/hydroquinone redox center tethered to gold: Comparison of delocalized and saturated bridges SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Moore, Martin; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lowy, Daniel] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 410-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301291 ER PT J AU Zhou, JC Blum, AS Naciri, J Ratna, BR AF Zhou, Jing C. Blum, Amy S. Naciri, Jawad Ratna, Banahalli R. TI COLL 192-Probing the molecular configuration in liquid crystal nanocolloids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Jing C.; Blum, Amy S.; Naciri, Jawad; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jing.zhou@nrl.navy.mil; amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; ratna@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 192-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303765 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Sevick, CJ Honner, WK Loach, RA Moore, CA Erickson, JD AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Sevick, Carter J. Honner, William K. Loach, Rosha A. Moore, Cynthia A. Erickson, J. David TI Birth defects among infants born to women who received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; congenital abnormalities; immunization; military personnel; reproductive history; women's health ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SERVICE MEMBERS; SAFETY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MALFORMATIONS; EXPOSURE; REGISTRY; PROGRAM AB In response to bioterrorism threats, anthrax vaccine has been used by the US military and considered for civilian use. Concerns exist about the potential for adverse reproductive health effects among vaccine recipients. This retrospective cohort evaluated birth defects, in relation to maternal anthrax vaccination, among all infants born to US military service women between 1998 and 2004. Department of Defense databases defined maternal vaccination and infant diagnoses; multivariable regression models described potential associations between anthrax vaccination and birth defects in liveborn infants. Among 115,169 infants born to military women during this period, 37,140 were born to women ever vaccinated against anthrax, and 3,465 were born to women vaccinated in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth defects were slightly more common in first trimester-exposed infants (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.997, 1.41) when compared with infants of women vaccinated outside of the first trimester, but this association was statistically significant only when alternative referent groups were used. Although the small observed association may be unlikely to represent a causal relation between vaccination in early pregnancy and birth defects, this information should be considered when making decisions about administering anthrax vaccine to pregnant women. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.; Sevick, Carter J.; Honner, William K.; Loach, Rosha A.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.; Erickson, J. David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 4 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn159 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 335XU UT WOS:000258329700012 PM 18599489 ER PT J AU Whitman, TJ Qasba, SS Timpone, JG Babel, BS Kasper, MR English, JF Sanders, JW Hujer, KM Hujer, AM Endimiani, A Eshoo, MW Bonomo, RA AF Whitman, Timothy J. Qasba, Sonia S. Timpone, Joseph G. Babel, Britta S. Kasper, Matthew R. English, Judith F. Sanders, John W. Hujer, Kristine M. Hujer, Andrea M. Endimiani, Andrea Eshoo, Mark W. Bonomo, Robert A. TI Occupational transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii from a united states serviceman wounded in Iraq to a health care worker SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; OUTBREAK; RESISTANCE; MILITARY; STRAINS AB Background. Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly recognized as being a significant pathogen associated with nosocomial outbreaks in both civilian and military treatment facilities. Current analyses of these outbreaks frequently describe patient-to-patient transmission. To date, occupational transmission of A. baumannii from a patient to a health care worker (HCW) has not been reported. We initiated an investigation of an HCW with a complicated case of A. baumannii pneumonia to determine whether a link existed between her illness and A. baumannii infected patients in a military treatment facility who had been entrusted to her care. Methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a form of multilocus sequencing typing, were done to determine clonality. To further characterize the isolates, we performed a genetic analysis of resistance determinants. Results and Conclusions. A "look-back" analysis revealed that the multidrug resistant A. baumannii recovered from the HCW and from a patient in her care were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In addition, polymerase chain reaction/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry indicated that the isolates were similar to strains of A. baumannii derived from European clone type II (Walter Reed Army Medical Center strain type II). The exposure of the HCW to the index patient lasted for only 30 min and involved endotracheal suctioning without use of an HCW mask. An examination of 90 A. baumannii isolates collected during this investigation showed that 2 major and multiple minor clone types were present and that the isolates from the HCW and from the index patient were the most prevalent clone type. Occupational transmission likely occurred in the hospital; HCWs caring for patients infected with A. baumannii should be aware of this potential mode of infection spread. C1 [Whitman, Timothy J.; Babel, Britta S.; Kasper, Matthew R.; English, Judith F.; Sanders, John W.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Qasba, Sonia S.; Timpone, Joseph G.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Hujer, Kristine M.; Hujer, Andrea M.; Endimiani, Andrea; Bonomo, Robert A.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept, Res Serv, Cleveland, OH USA. [Eshoo, Mark W.] ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Biosci, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Whitman, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM timothy.whitman@med.navy.mil; robert.bonomo@med.va.gov OI Endimiani, Andrea/0000-0003-3186-5421 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI072219] NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1086/589247 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 327VD UT WOS:000257755700005 PM 18611162 ER PT J AU Sebeny, PJ Riddle, MS Petersen, K AF Sebeny, Peter J. Riddle, Mark S. Petersen, Kyle TI Acinetobacter baumannii skin and soft-tissue infection associated with war trauma SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC BULLAE; MANAGEMENT; BACTERIA; INJURIES; OUTBREAK; WOUNDS; IRAQ; CARE AB Background. Acinetobacter baumannii is usually associated with nosocomial pneumonia or bacteremia. Reports of A. baumannii skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) are uncommon. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 57 inpatients admitted to a naval hospital ship and identified 8 patients with A. baumannii-associated SSTI. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between these patients and 49 patients with A. baumannii infections that were not SSTIs. We also reviewed 18 cases of A. baumannii-associated SSTI from the literature. Results. Our 8 cases of A. baumannii-associated SSTI were associated with combat trauma wounds. The median age of the patients was 26 years. Although not statistically significant, A. baumannii-associated SSTIs were more likely to be associated with gunshot wounds (75% vs. 55%) or external fixators (63% vs. 29%), compared with A. baumannii infections that were not SSTIs. Use of a central venous catheter and total parenteral nutrition was also more common for patients with SSTI. Our cases of A. baumannii-associated SSTI presented as cellulitis with a "peau d'orange" appearance with overlying vesicles and, when untreated, progressed to necrotizing infection with bullae (hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic). In our case series, all isolates were multidrug resistant, and clinical success was achieved for 7 of 8 patients with debridement and carbapenem therapy. Conclusions. A. baumannii-associated SSTI is an emerging infection in patients who experience trauma. Clinicians should be aware of the potential role of A. baumannii as a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing hospital-acquired SSTI, particularly when associated with previous trauma or use of invasive devices. It should be suspected in patients who experience trauma and have edematous cellulitis with overlying vesicles. Early empirical coverage for drug-resistant species (e. g., with carbapenem therapy), combined with debridement, is usually curative. C1 [Riddle, Mark S.; Petersen, Kyle] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20889 USA. [Sebeny, Peter J.] USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20889 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 26 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1086/590568 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 327VD UT WOS:000257755700006 PM 18611157 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Jensen, BL Montgomery, EJ Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Moody, N AF Jensen, Kevin L. Jensen, Barbara L. Montgomery, Eric J. Feldman, Donald W. O'Shea, Patrick G. Moody, Nathan TI Theory of photoemission from cesium antimonide using an alpha-semiconductor model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; ALKALI-ANTIMONIDES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; PHOTOCATHODES; EQUATION; CS3SB; SCATTERING; METALS AB A model of photoemission from cesium antimonide (Cs3Sb) that does not rely on adjustable parameters is proposed and compared to the experimental data of Spicer [Phys. Rev. 112, 114 (1958)] and Taft and Philipp [Phys. Rev. 115, 1583 (1959)]. It relies on the following components for the evaluation of all relevant parameters: (i) a multidimensional evaluation of the escape probability from a step-function surface barrier, (ii) scattering rates determined using a recently developed alpha-semiconductor model, and (iii) evaluation of the complex refractive index using a harmonic oscillator model for the evaluation of reflectivity and extinction coefficient. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jensen, Barbara L.; Montgomery, Eric J.; Feldman, Donald W.; O'Shea, Patrick G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moody, Nathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevinjensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for supporting this work. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 AR 044907 DI 10.1063/1.2967826 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349EW UT WOS:000259265100111 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Fathy, HK Houston, BH AF Martin, Michael James Fathy, Hosam K. Houston, Brian H. TI Dynamic simulation of atomic force microscope cantilevers oscillating in liquid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TAPPING-MODE; QUALITY FACTOR; MICROCANTILEVERS; RESONATORS; MODULATION; SENSORS; SURFACE; FLUID AB To simulate the behavior of an atomic force microscope (AFM) operating in liquid, a lumped-parameter model of a 40 X 5 mu m(2) thick silicon cantilever with natural frequencies ranging from 3.0 to 6.0 X 105 rad/s was combined with a transient Navier-Stokes solver. The equations of motion were solved simultaneously with the time-dependent flow field. The simulations successfully capture known characteristics of the AFM in liquid, including large viscous losses, reduced peak resonant frequencies, and frequency-dependent damping. From these simulations, the transfer function G(s) of the system was obtained. While the transfer function shares many of the characteristics of a second-order system at higher frequencies, the frequency-dependent damping means that a second-order model cannot be applied. The viscous damping of the system is investigated in greater depth. A phase difference between the peak velocity and peak damping force is observed. Both the phase difference and the magnitude of the damping are shown to be functions of the excitation frequency. Finally, the damping is shown to be strongly dependent on the liquid viscosity and weakly dependent on the liquid density. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Martin, Michael James; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fathy, Hosam K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM martinm2@asme.org RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Simulations were performed at the Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center, an initiative of the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 AR 044316 DI 10.1063/1.2970154 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349EW UT WOS:000259265100090 ER PT J AU Vitiello, MS Scamarcio, G Spagnolo, V Bewley, WW Kim, M Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Lops, A AF Vitiello, Miriam S. Scamarcio, Gaetano Spagnolo, Vincenzo Bewley, William W. Kim, Mijin Kim, Chul-Soo Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Lops, Antonia TI Microprobe photoluminescence assessment of the wall-plug efficiency in interband cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We employ a microprobe photoluminescence (PL) technique to determine the thermal resistance and wall-plug efficiency of narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers emitting at 3.8 mu m. Using two different semiconductor epilayers as integrated thermometers, the local lattice temperature is extracted from the PL spectra and the wall-plug efficiency (eta(w)) derived from the slope of the temperature increase versus electrical power. The maximum (eta(w)) at 78 K is found to be 8.1 +/- 0.5%, and a fit to the lattice temperature gradient implies cross-plane thermal conductivities of 4.5-6.5 W/m K for the short-period InAs/AlSb superlattice cladding and of approximate to 1.5-4 W/m K for the active region. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Vitiello, Miriam S.; Scamarcio, Gaetano; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Lops, Antonia] Univ Bari, CNR INFM Reg Lab LIT3, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Vitiello, Miriam S.; Scamarcio, Gaetano; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Lops, Antonia] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bewley, William W.; Kim, Mijin; Kim, Chul-Soo; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vitiello, MS (reprint author), Univ Bari, CNR INFM Reg Lab LIT3, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM vitiello@fisica.uniba.it; Scamarcio@fisica.uniba.it OI Scamarcio, Gaetano/0000-0003-0808-4336; Spagnolo, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4867-8166 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 AR 046101 DI 10.1063/1.2968209 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349EW UT WOS:000259265100113 ER PT J AU Yu, HY Pande, CS AF Yu, H. Y. Pande, C. S. TI Flux line-point defect Interactions in type II superconducting films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT CURRENTS; INTERACTION FORCE; DISLOCATION LOOP; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SURFACE; MODEL; VORTICES; LATTICE; NUCLEI; STRAIN AB By modeling the flux line as a line of centers of dilatation, it is shown that within the linear elasticity and continuum theory, the elastic interaction between a flux line and a point defect in an isotropic superconducting solid is entirely due to its surface. This surface effect, in a superconducting film with two parallel free surfaces, is considered in detail in this paper. Our analysis shows that the absolute value of the interaction energy and the interaction force between a flux line and a point defect decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the point defect to the free surface and to the flux line. The interaction between a flux line and a point defect is found to be strong only when the defect is close to the flux line and to the free surface. C1 [Yu, H. Y.; Pande, C. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yuh@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 AR 043917 DI 10.1063/1.2973444 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349EW UT WOS:000259265100066 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Hanser, D da Silva, AF Koukitu, A AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Hanser, Drew da Silva, Antonio F. Koukitu, Akinori TI Proceedings of the International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors V (IWBNS-5) - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hanser, Drew] Kyma Technol, Raleigh, NC USA. [da Silva, Antonio F.] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Phys, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Koukitu, Akinori] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; hanser@kymatech.com; Ferreira@fis.ufba.br; Koukitu@cc.tuat.ac-jp RI KOUKITU, Akinori/H-5347-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 3901 EP 3901 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.044 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500001 ER PT J AU Feigelson, BN Frazier, RM Gowda, M Freitas, JA Fatemi, M Mastro, MA Tischler, JG AF Feigelson, B. N. Frazier, R. M. Gowda, M. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Fatemi, M. Mastro, M. A. Tischler, J. G. TI Seeded growth of GaN single crystals from solution at near atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE growth from high temperature solutions; single crystal growth; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY AB A multi-component solvent has been developed to dissolve solid gallium nitride (GaN) source material and grow single GaN crystals from the solution on GaN seeds. A thermal gradient is used to maintain GaN dissolution at the hot end of the Crucible and to grow GaN Crystals on a seed at the colder end. Crystals were,town at nitrogen pressure of 0.23-0.25 MPa and temperature of 800 degrees C. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed the high Structural and optical quality of the GaN crystals. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feigelson, B. N.; Frazier, R. M.; Gowda, M.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Fatemi, M.; Mastro, M. A.; Tischler, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feigelson, B. N.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gowda, M.] George Mason Univ, Dept ECE, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Frazier, R. M.] Univ Alabama, AIME, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Feigelson, BN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM borisf@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 3934 EP 3940 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.037 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500007 ER PT J AU Gowda, M Freitas, JA Frazier, RM Feigelson, BN Rao, MV AF Gowda, M. Freitas, J. A. Frazier, R. M. Feigelson, B. N. Rao, M. V. TI Optical properties of bulk GaN crystals grown from solution at moderate pressure and temperature SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE characterization; impurities; point defects; growth from high temperature solutions; single crystal growth; nitrides ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SPECTROSCOPY; LAYERS; FILMS AB Structural and optical properties of GaN crystals grown from solution at moderate temperature (800 degrees C) and pressure (similar to 0.25Mpa) have been investigated using Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The lineshape and linewidth of the first-order optical phonons measured at room temperature indicates good crystalline quality of the freestanding GaN crystals and epitaxial GaN layers. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra are characterized by sharp and intense emission peaks at 3.47 eV, attributed to the annihilation of excitons bound to shallow donors, which confirms good crystalline quality of the grown crystals and the epitaxial grown layers. The intensities of the near-bandedge emission lines in the photoluminescence spectra are consistent with reduced incorporation of pervasive background impurities in the crystals as well as in the epitaxial layers. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gowda, M.; Freitas, J. A.; Frazier, R. M.; Feigelson, B. N.] USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gowda, M.; Rao, M. V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Frazier, R. M.] Univ Alabama, Alabama Inst Mfg Excellence, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Feigelson, B. N.] SAIC, Washington, DC USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 3941 EP 3945 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.007 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500008 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Gowda, M Tischler, JG Kim, JH Liu, L Hanser, D AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Gowda, M. Tischler, J. G. Kim, J.-H. Liu, L. Hanser, D. TI Semi-insulating GaN substrates for high-frequency device fabrication SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE characterization; impurities; X-ray diffraction; hydride vapor phase epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting materials ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; LAYERS; TEMPLATES; FILMS AB Thick c-plane unintentional doped and iron-doped GaN substrates were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxial technique on sapphire Substrates. The morphology and crystalline quality of the freestanding samples show no evident degradation due to iron doping. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements show reduction of the exciton-bound to neutral impurities band intensities with iron doping increase. Near-infrared photoluminescence studies confirm the incorporation and activation of iron impurities. Variable temperature resistivity measurements verified that the iron-doped films are semi-insulating. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Gowda, M.; Tischler, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gowda, M.] George Mason Univ, Dept ECE, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kim, J.-H.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Liu, L.; Hanser, D.] Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 3968 EP 3972 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.038 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500014 ER PT J AU Fechine, PBA Sombra, ASB Freitas, JA AF Fechine, P. B. A. Sombra, A. S. B. Freitas, J. A., Jr. TI Dielectric studies of metal/n-GaN/metal Schottky contact in the radio frequency range SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE GaN; bulk nitrade semiconductors; semiconductors ID CAPACITANCE-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; HIGH SERIES RESISTANCE; N-TYPE GAN; BARRIER DIODES; EXCESS CAPACITANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IV PLOT; HEIGHT; STATES; EXTRACTION AB Capacitance-voltage and capacitance-frequency characteristics of the metal/n-GaN/metal Schottky contacts with Au, Al and Ag electrodes were investigated as a function of the temperature and external electric field in the frequency range from 100 to 300 kHz. Forward capacitance-voltage measurements were carried out in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 MHz. The temperature capacitance coefficient and the electrical tunability were measured as a function of the external DC held for all contacts. The capacitance and dielectric loss measurements show relaxation peaks from 4 to 11 kHz for some electrodes, indicating that interfacial effects play an important role in the electrical properties of the GaN Schottky barrier contact. Low-frequency relaxation Studies were conveniently used to probe interfacial characteristics of the contacts. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fechine, P. B. A.; Sombra, A. S. B.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Phys, Lab Telecommun & Mat Sci & Engn LOCEM, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Fechine, P. B. A.] Univ Fed Ceara, Analyt & Phys Chem Dept, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Freitas, J. A., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sombra, ASB (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Phys, Lab Telecommun & Mat Sci & Engn LOCEM, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM sombra@fisica.ufc.br RI Fechine, Pierre/B-7937-2013; 8, INCT/H-6363-2013; 51, INCT/H-6644-2013; Fotonica, INCT/H-9159-2013; Sombra, Antonio /B-2963-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016 OI Fechine, Pierre/0000-0002-7822-2354; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 3992 EP 3997 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.012 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500019 ER PT J AU Silveira, E Freitas, JA Schujman, SB Schowalter, LJ AF Silveira, E. Freitas, J. A. Schujman, S. B. Schowalter, L. J. TI AlN bandgap temperature dependence from its optical properties SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE nitrides; semiconducting aluminum compounds; semiconducting materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGY-GAP; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EDGE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS; GROWTH; TRANSITIONS AB In the present work we report on the AlN gap energy temperature dependence studied through the optical properties of high-quality large bulk AlN single crystals grown by a sublimation-recondensation technique. The cathodoluminescence, transmission/absorption as well as optical reflectance measurements at low temperature show a clear feature at about 6.03 eV, which could be attributed to the free exciton A. Even using a rather thick sample it was possible to observe the absorption due to the free exciton A in this energy range due to its large binding energy. We followed the temperature evolution of these features LIP to room temperature and inferred the gap energy temperature dependence using the exciton binding energy obtained by our group in the past. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Silveira, E.] UFPR, Depto Fis, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Freitas, J. A.] USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schujman, S. B.; Schowalter, L. J.] Crystal IS Inc, Green Island, NY 12183 USA. RP Silveira, E (reprint author), UFPR, Depto Fis, Caixa Postal 19044, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM edilson@fisica.ufpr.br NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 4007 EP 4010 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.015 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500022 ER PT J AU McDonald, SE Dymond, KF Summers, ME AF McDonald, S. E. Dymond, K. F. Summers, M. E. TI Hemispheric asymmetries in the longitudinal structure of the low-latitude nighttime ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; SUNSPOT MAXIMUM; MODEL; FIELD; ATMOSPHERE; SIGNATURES; AMERICAN; PROFILES; WAVES AB Observations performed with the Low Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS), which flew aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS), show evidence of wave number four longitudinal variations in the nighttime equatorial anomaly during March 2001 and March 2002. LORAAS limb scans of O I 135.6 nm emission features are used to reconstruct electron density profiles from which maps of the monthly average peak F region electron densities and heights at 0230 LT are generated. The longitudinal structure is nearly identical in both years. The locations of the longitudinal maxima in the Northern Hemisphere match that of previous studies, but the LORAAS data show a pronounced hemispheric asymmetry in the locations of the maxima in the Southern Hemisphere. The LORAAS results are compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI- 90) to show the derived electron densities and peak altitudes are consistent with the climatology, but that the observed longitudinal structure is not. A physics-based model of the ionosphere (Sami is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2)) is used to study the role of thermospheric neutral winds in generating the observed longitudinal pattern. It is demonstrated that longitudinally varying F region winds along with effects due to the offset of the geographic and magnetic equator are the plausible cause of the hemispheric asymmetry. Together, the effects enhance the observed wave number four pattern in the nighttime ionosphere. C1 [McDonald, S. E.; Dymond, K. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Summers, M. E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP McDonald, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.mcdonald@nrl.navy.mil OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL Edison Training Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. In addition, the work of one of the authors (S. McDonald) was supported by the NRL Edison Training Program and is part of her dissertation research at the College of Science at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08308 DI 10.1029/2007JA012876 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338NS UT WOS:000258515200001 ER PT J AU Tauber, E Kollaritsch, H von Sonnenburg, F Lademann, M Jilma, B Firbas, C Jelinek, T Beckett, C Knobloch, J McBride, WJH Schuller, E Kaltenbock, A Sun, W Lyons, A AF Tauber, E. Kollaritsch, H. von Sonnenburg, F. Lademann, M. Jilma, B. Firbas, C. Jelinek, T. Beckett, C. Knobloch, J. McBride, W. J. H. Schuller, E. Kaltenboeck, A. Sun, W. Lyons, A. TI Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the safety and tolerability of IC51, an inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-VACCINE; SA14-14-2 AB Background. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important mosquito-borne viral encephalitis and has a high case fatality rate. It is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus. Improved vaccines are urgently needed for residents in countries of endemicity, travelers, and the military. The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IC51, Intercell's Vero cell-derived, purified, inactivated JE vaccine. Methods. This was a randomized (3:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial. Healthy subjects were randomized to receive 2 doses of IC51 (n = 2012) or placebo (n = 663) at a 4-week interval. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were documented over a period of 2 months. Results. The rate of severe AEFI was similar in the IC51 group (0.5%) and the placebo group (0.9%). The rate of medically attended AEFI and all AEFI was also similar in the IC51 group and the placebo group. The same applied for all adverse events, including local and systemic tolerability. Importantly, there were no signs of acute allergic reactions. Conclusion. The Intercell JE vaccine IC51 had a safety profile similar to that of placebo. These data, together with the immunogenicity data from a recent phase 3 trial, form the basis of application for licensure of this vaccine. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00605058. C1 [Kaltenboeck, A.] Med Univ Vienna, Intercell AG, Vienna, Austria. [Kollaritsch, H.] Med Univ Vienna, Inst Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Ctr Physiol & Pathophysiol, Vienna, Austria. [Jilma, B.; Firbas, C.] Med Univ Vienna, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Vienna, Austria. [von Sonnenburg, F.] Univ Munich, Dept Trop Med & Infect Dis, Munich, Germany. [Lademann, M.] Univ Rostock, Dept Trop Med, Rostock, Germany. [Jelinek, T.] Berlin Ctr Travel & Trop Med, Berlin, Germany. [Knobloch, J.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany. [Beckett, C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sun, W.; Lyons, A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McBride, W. J. H.] James Cook Univ, Cairns Base Hosp, Sch Med, Cairns, Australia. RP Jilma, B (reprint author), Med Univ Austria, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Waehringerguertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM Bernd.Jilma@meduniwien.ac.at RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; McBride, William/B-9145-2008; OI McBride, William/0000-0001-8894-533X; Kollaritsch, Herwig/0000-0001-6393-516X; Tauber, Erich/0000-0001-8042-2403 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 4 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1086/590116 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 329TK UT WOS:000257893300007 PM 18588481 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Fukunaga, M Carr, WS Braun, AR Balkin, TJ Duyn, JH Horovitz, SG AF Picchioni, Dante Fukunaga, Masaki Carr, Walter S. Braun, Allen R. Balkin, Thomas J. Duyn, Jeff H. Horovitz, Silvina G. TI fMRI differences between early and late stage-1 sleep SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fMRI; EEG; stage-1 sleep; sleep scoring; sleep onset ID FLUCTUATIONS AB This study sought to test for differences in regional brain activity between stage-1 sleep immediately following wake and immediately preceding stage-2 sleep. Data were collected during daytime fMRI sessions with simultaneous EEG acquisition. A stage-1 interval was defined as follows: >= 30 s of wake, immediately followed by >= 60 s of continuous stage 1, immediately followed by >= 30 s of stage 2. We compared brain activity between the first 30 s of stage 1 (early stage 1), the last 30 s of stage 1 (late stage 1), and isolated wake. A conjunction analysis sorted each voxel into one of a series of mutually exclusive categories that represented the various possible combinations of a significant increase, decrease, or no difference among these three states. The initial dataset consisted of 14 healthy volunteers. A total of 22 sessions in these participants yielded six stage-1 intervals (from four participants) that met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. There were multiple clusters of significant voxels. Examples include changes in default-mode network areas where activity increased compared to wake only in early stage 1 and a bilateral change in the hippocampus where activity increased compared to wake only in late stage 1. These results suggest that activity in anatomically identifiable, volumetric brain regions exhibit differences during stage-1 sleep that would not have been detected with the EEG. These differences may also have specific relevance to understanding the process of sleep onset as well as the neural mechanisms of performance lapses during sleep deprivation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Picchioni, Dante; Balkin, Thomas J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fukunaga, Masaki; Duyn, Jeff H.; Horovitz, Silvina G.] NINDS, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Carr, Walter S.] USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Braun, Allen R.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Picchioni, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dante.picchioni@amedd.army.mil RI Duyn, Jozef/F-2483-2010 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 DC999999] NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 441 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.010 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 333TD UT WOS:000258174400017 PM 18584959 ER PT J AU Dykman, MI Schwartz, IB Landsman, AS AF Dykman, Mark I. Schwartz, Ira B. Landsman, Alexandra S. TI Disease extinction in the presence of random vaccination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC EPIDEMICS; DRIVEN SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODELS; FLUCTUATIONS; COMPLEXITY; ESCAPE; CHAOS; TIMES; SIS AB We investigate disease extinction in an epidemic model described by a birth-death process. We show that, in the absence of vaccination, the effective entropic barrier for extinction displays scaling with the distance to the bifurcation point, with an unusual critical exponent. Even a comparatively weak Poisson-distributed random vaccination leads to an exponential increase in the extinction rate, with the exponent that strongly depends on the vaccination parameters. C1 [Dykman, Mark I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.; Landsman, Alexandra S.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dykman, MI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 32 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 078101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.078101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800070 PM 18764580 ER PT J AU Pillay, D Johannes, MD AF Pillay, D. Johannes, M. D. TI Comparison of sulfur interaction with hydrogen on Pt(111), Ni(111) and Pt3Ni(111) surfaces: The effect of intermetallic bonding SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; catalysis; adsorption; hydrogen; sulfur; platinum; nickel; platinum-alloy ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; ALLOY SURFACES; COADSORPTION; ADSORPTION; METAL; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DIFFRACTION; NICKEL; LEED; NI AB Adsorption strengths of hydrogen and sulfur both individually and together as co-adsorbates were investigated on Pt(111), Ni(111) and Pt3Ni(111) surfaces using density functional theory in order to determine the effect of metal alloying on sulfur tolerance. The adsorption strengths of H and S singly follow the same trend: Ni(111) > Pt(111) > Pt3Ni(111), which correlates well with the respective d-band center positions of each surface. We find that the main effect of alloying is to distort both the sub-layer structure and the Pt overlayer resulting in a lowered d-band. For all three surfaces, the cl-band shifts downward non-linearly as a function of S coverage. Nearly identical decreases in d-band position were calculated for each surface, leading to an expectation that subsequent adsorption of H would scale with Surface type similarly to single species adsorption. in contradiction to this expectation, there was no clearly discernable difference between the energies of coadsorbed H on Pt(111) and Ni(111) and only a slightly lowered energy on Pt3Ni(111). This provides evidence that coadsorbed species in close proximity interact directly through itinerant mobile electrons and through electrostatic repulsion rather than solely through the electronic structure of the surface. The combination of the lowered d-band position (arising from distorted geometry) and direct co-adsorbate interactions on Pt3Ni(111) leads to a lower energy barrier for H2S formation on the surface compared to pure Pt(111). Thus, alloying Pt with Ni both decreases the likelihood of S adsorption and favors S removal through H2S formation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pillay, D.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pillay, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dpillay@dave.nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council FX We acknowledge the Office of Naval Research. Do also would like to acknowledge the National Research Council for funding. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 16 BP 2752 EP 2757 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2008.06.035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 351XG UT WOS:000259458600006 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Golaz, JC Wang, Q AF Wang, Shouping Golaz, Jean-Christophe Wang, Qing TI Effect of intense wind shear across the inversion on stratocumulus clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CAPE MENDOCINO; SIMULATIONS; AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; BUDGETS; LAYERS AB A large-eddy simulation model is used to examine the impact of the intense cross-inversion wind shear on the stratocumulus cloud structure. The wind shear enhanced entrainment mixing effectively reduces the cloud water and thickens the inversion layer. It leads to a reduction of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) production in the cloud layer due to the weakened cloud-top radiative cooling and the formation of a turbulent and cloud free sublayer within the inversion. The thickness of the sublayer increases with the enhanced wind shear intensity. Under the condition of a weaker inversion, the enhanced shear mixing within the inversion layer even lowers the cloud-top height and reduces the entrainment velocity. Finally, increasing wind shear or reducing inversion strength tends to create an inversion layer with a constant bulk Richardson number (similar to 0.3), suggesting that an equilibrium value of the Richardson number is reached. C1 [Wang, Shouping] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] Princeton Univ, UCAR VSP, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Wang, Qing] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper,MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0602435N]; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; ONR [N0001407WR20229] FX We thank Ming Liu for implementing the new radiation package in COAMPS-LES, Qingfang Jiang for many useful discussions, and James Doyle for comments on an early version of the paper. We also greatly appreciate two reviewers' constructive comments, which result in improvement in the presentation. S. Wang acknowledges the support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element (PE) 0602435N. J.-C. Golaz was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Qing Wang acknowledges the ONR support under N0001407WR20229. COAMPS (R) is a registered trade mark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15814 DI 10.1029/2008GL033865 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 338LO UT WOS:000258509500002 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Ryan, MAK Hooper, TI Smith, TC Amoroso, PJ Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Bell, NS AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Hooper, Tomoko I. Smith, Tyler C. Amoroso, Paul J. Boyko, Edward J. Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Bell, Nicole S. TI Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems before and after military combat deployment SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; GENERAL-POPULATION SURVEY; SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; DRINKING PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE AB Context High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflicts, yet investigations of alcohol misuse after return from the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are lacking. Objectives To determine whether deployment with combat exposures was associated with new-onset or continued alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed both a baseline (July 2001 to June 2003; n = 77 047) and followup (June 2004 to February 2006; n = 55 021) questionnaire (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After we applied exclusion criteria, our analyses included 48 481 participants (active duty, n = 26 613; Reserve or National Guard, n = 21 868). Of these, 5510 deployed with combat exposures, 5661 deployed without combat exposures, and 37 310 did not deploy. Main Outcome Measures New- onset and continued heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems at follow-up. Results Baseline prevalence of heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems among Reserve or National Guard personnel who deployed with combat exposures was 9.0%, 53.6%, and 15.2%, respectively; follow-up prevalence was 12.5%, 53.0%, and 11.9%, respectively; and new-onset rates were 8.8%, 25.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Among active-duty personnel, new-onset rates were 6.0%, 26.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. Reserve and National Guard personnel who deployed and reported combat exposures were significantly more likely to experience new-onset heavy weekly drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.96), binge drinking (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.71), and alcohol-related problems (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01) compared with nondeployed personnel. The youngest members of the cohort were at highest risk for all alcohol-related outcomes. Conclusion Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Bell, Nicole S.] Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA13324, R01 AA013324, R01 AA013324-01] NR 79 TC 257 Z9 259 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 6 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.1001/jama.300.6.663 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 336OM UT WOS:000258374500019 PM 18698065 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, Y. -M. TI Relating the solar wind helium abundance to the coronal magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID MINOR IONS; ULYSSES; SPEED; CYCLE; FLUX; ACCELERATION; INTERPLANETARY; EXPANSION; MAXIMUM; PROTON AB We analyze the long-term variation of the solar wind helium abundance, both in and out of the ecliptic, using stack-plot displays to compare these in situ observations with derived coronal parameters. The coronal source regions are identified and their magnetic properties characterized by applying a current-free extrapolation, with source surface located at heliocentric distance r = 2.5 R-circle dot, to magnetograph measurements. The density ratio A(He) of alpha-particles to protons is found to correlate best with the source-surface field strength B-ss, which tends to be enhanced in high-speed flows and in the slow wind at sunspot maximum, but to be weak in the low-speed wind that originates from the polar coronal-hole boundaries around sunspot minimum. A much weaker correlation exists between AHe and the proton flux density at the source surface. These results are consistent with acceleration of the alpha-particles by ion cyclotron resonance in the outer corona. However, we are unable to explain why the helium abundance was depressed in the recurrent high-speed streams observed in the ecliptic during 1999-2000 and 2003-2004. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1086/589766 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100042 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN Wallcraft, AJ Oguz, T Casey, KS AF Kara, A. B. Barron, C. N. Wallcraft, A. J. Oguz, T. Casey, K. S. TI Advantages of fine resolution SSTs for small ocean basins: Evaluation in the Black Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; SITU AB This paper examines monthly variability of climatological mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the Black Sea. A total of eight products, including observation-and model-based SST climatologies, are formed and compared with each other. Some of the observation-based SST data sets include only satellite measurements, while others combine in situ temperatures, such as those from moored and drifter buoys, with satellite data. Climatologies for numerical weather prediction (NWP) model-based data sets are formed using high temporal resolution (6 hourly) surface temperatures. Spatial resolution of these SST products varies greatly (approximate to 4 km to 280 km), with the observation-based climatologies typically finer than the NWP-based climatologies. In the interior, all data sets are in general agreement, with annual mean SST biases typically within +/- 0.2 degrees C in comparison to the finest resolution (4 km) satellite-based Pathfinder climatology. Major differences are near the land-sea boundaries where model-based SSTs pose serious biases (as much as > 5 degrees C). Such errors are due to improper contamination of surface temperatures over land since coarse resolution model-based products cannot distinguish land and sea near the coastal boundaries. A creeping sea-fill interpolation improves accuracy of coastal SSTs from NWP climatologies, such as European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast. All climatologies are also evaluated against historical in situ SSTs during 1942-2007. These comparisons confirm the relatively better accuracy of the observation-based climatologies. C1 [Kara, A. B.; Barron, C. N.; Wallcraft, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Casey, K. S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Oguz, T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; oguz@ims.metu.edu.tr; kenneth.casey@noaa.gov RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117; NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08013 DI 10.1029/2007JC004569 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 336CA UT WOS:000258340700003 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Pehrsson, PE Chen, LW Zhao, W AF Xu, Yang Pehrsson, Pehr E. Chen, Liwei Zhao, Wei TI Controllable redox reaction of chemically purified DNA-single walled carbon nanotube hybrids with hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; THIOCYANATE; OXIDATION; SELECTION AB We report for the first time the controllable redox reaction of chemically purified ssDNA-HiPco SWNT hybrids with hydrogen peroxide. Compared with the suspensions before inert with hydrogen peroxide which may serve as a platform for furthur chemical manipulation . In the presence of thiocynate ions, the reaction of SWNTs with hydrogen peroxide is initiated and accelerated at the earlier stage , accompanied with the near-infrared spectral supression. At the later stage, the suppressed spectral intensity is recovered overtime. The thiocyanate ions may work as a mediator being able to control the reaction rate as well as the tunable properties of the reaction. The tunable redox reaction of SWNTs and H(2)O(2) mediated by thiocyanate ions may offer a new sensing scheme for continuously monitoring H(2)O(2) concentrations. C1 [Xu, Yang; Zhao, Wei] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Pehrsson, Pehr E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Liwei] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@uair.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 31 BP 10054 EP + DI 10.1021/ja802743h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 332JZ UT WOS:000258080600010 PM 18611008 ER PT J AU Lu, ML Feingold, G Jonsson, HH Chuang, PY Gates, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Lu, Miao-Ling Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. Chuang, Patrick Y. Gates, Harmony Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Aerosol-cloud relationships in continental shallow cumulus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; DROPLET SPECTRA; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ENTRAINMENT; EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION; CONDENSATION AB Aerosol-cloud relationships are derived from 14 warm continental cumuli cases sampled during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. Cloud droplet number concentration is clearly proportional to the subcloud accumulation mode aerosol number concentration. An inverse correlation between cloud top effective radius and subcloud aerosol number concentration is observed when cloud depth variations are accounted for. There are no discernable aerosol effects on cloud droplet spectral dispersion; the averaged spectral relative dispersion is 0.30 +/- 0.04. Aerosol-cloud relationships are also identified from comparison of two isolated cloud cases that occurred under different degrees of anthropogenic influence. Cloud liquid water content, cloud droplet number concentration, and cloud top effective radius exhibit subadiabaticity resulting from entrainment mixing processes. The degree of LWC subadiabaticity is found to increase with cloud depth. Impacts of subadiabaticity on cloud optical properties are assessed. It is estimated that owing to entrainment mixing, cloud LWP, effective radius, and cloud albedo are decreased by 50-85%, 5-35%, and 2-26%, respectively, relative to adiabatic values of a plane-parallel cloud. The impact of subadiabaticity on cloud albedo is largest for shallow clouds. Results suggest that the effect of entrainment mixing must be accounted for when evaluating the aerosol indirect effect. C1 [Lu, Miao-Ling; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gates, Harmony; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lu, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15201 DI 10.1029/2007JD009354 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336BH UT WOS:000258338800002 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Sandrock, ML Wiggins, MJ Lepkowicz, RS Shirk, JS Ponting, M Yang, Y Kazmierczak, T Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Beadie, G. Sandrock, M. L. Wiggins, M. J. Lepkowicz, R. S. Shirk, J. S. Ponting, M. Yang, Y. Kazmierczak, T. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. TI Tunable polymer lens SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FOCUS LIQUID LENS; FOCAL LENGTH TUNABILITY; MICROLENSES; VOLTAGE AB A new type of solid-state variable focal length lens is described. It is based on shape changes in an elastomeric membrane driven by compression of a reservoir of a polymer gel. A novel fabrication process based on individual lens components allows for customization of lens power based on the desired application. The lens shape as a function of applied compressive strain is measured using direct surface profile measurements. The focal length of a solid state lens was reversibly changed by a factor of 1.9. Calculated back focal lengths of the lens were consistent with experimental measurements. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Beadie, G.; Sandrock, M. L.; Wiggins, M. J.; Lepkowicz, R. S.; Shirk, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ponting, M.; Yang, Y.; Kazmierczak, T.; Hiltner, A.; Baer, E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guy.beadie@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 16 BP 11847 EP 11857 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011847 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 336MS UT WOS:000258368600021 PM 18679457 ER PT J AU Eager, RE Raman, S Wootten, A Westphal, DL Reid, JS Al Mandoos, A AF Eager, Rebecca E. Raman, Sethu Wootten, Adrienne Westphal, Douglas L. Reid, Jeffrey S. Al Mandoos, Abdulla TI A climatological study of the sea and land breezes in the Arabian Gulf region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; CIRCULATION; DISPERSION; FLOW AB This study focuses on observations of the sea and land breeze circulations in the southern Arabian Gulf. During the summer months, the Indian monsoon creates light northwesterly winds over the Arabian Gulf, allowing for the formation of thermally driven circulations. Observations from a network of stations are used to develop a wind climatology for the Arabian Gulf region. Characteristics of the sea and land breeze circulations, such as onset time, duration, and horizontal and vertical extent are described. The dense network of surface stations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) allows for a fine-scale observational study in this region. It is found that the sea breeze occurs during all seasons of the year in this region. It occurs in the late afternoon and continues through the evening. A land breeze sets in during the night. Surface offshore winds in the land breeze are strong probably due to drainage flow down the inland hills. C1 [Al Mandoos, Abdulla] Minist Presidential Affairs, Dept Atmospher Studies, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Eager, Rebecca E.; Raman, Sethu; Wootten, Adrienne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Westphal, Douglas L.; Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Eager, RE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM rebecca.eager@jhuapl.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15106 DI 10.1029/2007JD009710 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333KN UT WOS:000258151500007 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC van Heerden, D Eberl, C Hemker, KJ Weihs, TP AF Lewis, A. C. van Heerden, D. Eberl, C. Hemker, K. J. Weihs, T. P. TI Creep deformation mechanisms in fine-grained niobium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE creep; multilayers; vacancies; vacancy generation-controlled deformation ID CONTROLLED DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; NANOLAYERED COMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALLINE CU; TEMPERATURE CREEP; POINT-DEFECTS; SIZE; MULTILAYERS; BOUNDARIES; INTERFACE; METALS AB Creep rates in fine-grained Nb were measured at 600 degrees C using free-standing Cu/Nb polycrystalline multilayered foils. For specimens with layer thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mu m and Nb grain sizes ranging from 0.43 +/- 0.05 to 1.87 +/- 0.13 mu m, two distinct regimes were observed. At high stresses, the stress dependence, grain size dependence and activation energy for creep are consistent with power-law creep, with an average stress exponent of 3.5. At low stresses, creep rates exhibited a linear dependence on stress and an inverse linear dependence on grain size. A model is presented for a vacancy generation-controlled creep mechanism, whereby deformation rates are controlled by the rate of vacancy generation at or near grain boundaries, not by their diffusion. The proposed model is consistent with experimental observations of stress and grain size dependence, as well as the measured activation energy for creep. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, A. C.; van Heerden, D.; Hemker, K. J.; Weihs, T. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Eberl, C.; Hemker, K. J.; Weihs, T. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6352, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil RI Eberl, Christoph/F-3175-2010; Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 OI Eberl, Christoph/0000-0003-4271-1380; NR 39 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3044 EP 3052 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.033 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100012 ER PT J AU Kockar, B Karaman, I Kim, JI Chumlyakov, YJ Sharp, J Yu, CJ AF Kockar, B. Karaman, I. Kim, J. I. Chumlyakov, Y. J. Sharp, J. Yu, C. -J. (Mike) TI Thermomechanical cyclic response of an ultrafine-grained NiTi shape memory alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys; ultrafine-grained materials; equal channel angular extrusion; martensitic transformation; cyclic response ID INDUCED MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; TENSION-COMPRESSION ASYMMETRY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; POLYCRYSTALLINE NITI; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TI-NI; PSEUDOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION AB We focus on the effects of ultrafine grains on the thermomechanical cyclic stability of martensitic phase transformation in Ni49.7Ti50.3 shape memory alloy fabricated using equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The samples were ECAE-processed between 400 and 450 degrees C resulting in average grain sizes of 100-300 nm. Tensile failure experiments demonstrated that the strength differential between the onset of transformation and the macroscopic plastic yielding increases after ECAE. Such increase led to a notable improvement in the thermal cyclic stability under relatively high stresses. The experimental observations are attributed to the increase in critical stress level for dislocation slip due to grain refinement, change in transformation twinning mode in submicron grains, the presence of R-phase, and multi-martensite variants or a small fraction of untransforming grains due to grain boundary constraints. The effects of these microstructural factors on the transformation behavior are discussed in the light of transformation thermodynamics. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kockar, B.; Karaman, I.; Kim, J. I.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chumlyakov, Y. J.] Siberian Phys Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Yu, C. -J. (Mike)] Naval Air Syst Command, Pax River, MD 20670 USA. RP Karaman, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, MS 3123, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ikaraman@tamu.edu RI Karaman, Ibrahim/E-7450-2010; yuriy, chumlyakov/C-6033-2009; Kockar, Benat/H-5630-2013; Chumlyakov, Yuriy/R-6496-2016 OI Karaman, Ibrahim/0000-0001-6461-4958; Kockar, Benat/0000-0001-8261-509X; FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-M-0332]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX07AB56A] FX This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-03-M-0332 and partially by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. NNX07AB56A. NR 59 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3630 EP 3646 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.001 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600033 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Navy workshop aims to cut costs SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 166 IS 8 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 337EV UT WOS:000258419200048 ER PT J AU Kronmann, KC Shields, WW Sheer, TA Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Kronmann, Karl C. Shields, William W. Sheer, Todd A. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Echinococcus in a US marine after deployment to Afghanistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Kronmann, Karl C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Shields, William W.; Sheer, Todd A.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kronmann, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 103 IS 8 BP 2151 EP 2153 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 335GG UT WOS:000258278200048 PM 18796121 ER PT J AU Barton, C Sklenicka, J Sayegh, P Yaffe, K AF Barton, Cynthia Sklenicka, Julie Sayegh, Philip Yaffe, Kristine TI Contraindicated medication use among patients in a memory disorders clinic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 01-08, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Neurol DE dementia; medications; Alzheimer's disease ID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; OLDER-ADULTS; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS; OVERACTIVE BLADDER; CONSENSUS PANEL; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; INAPPROPRIATE; DEMENTIA; CRITERIA AB Background: Inappropriate or contraindicated use of medications in elderly patients is common and associated with poor outcomes. An important risk factor for adverse drug events is the increased sensitivity to drug effects on the central nervous system (CNS). There is a high rate of use of CNS-active drugs in patients with cognitive impairment, despite the fact that these medications may worsen cognition and be a possible "reversible" cause of memory loss. Objectives: The goals of this study were to establish the prevalence of these contraindicated medications in a Population of elderly patients referred to a memory disorders clinic for evaluation and to determine if those individuals receiving contraindicated medications had specific characteristics. This included determining how many patients were concurrently being prescribed a cholinesterase inhibitor. Methods: The review included new patients consecutively evaluated for cognitive complaints in a memory disorders clinic between June 2003 and August 2004. Each patient underwent a comprehensive evaluation by a multi-disciplinary team during a 3-hour clinic appointment. A thorough history of cognitive deficits and associated symptoms was obtained by the physician, who also performed a comprehensive neurologic examination. All patients underwent neuropsychologic testing with an extensive cognitive battery. In addition, patients' electronic medical records were reviewed to determine a list of prescribed and over-the-counter medications at the time of the initial referral. Contraindicated medications were identified using the updated Beers criteria of medications that should be avoided in older patients with cognitive impairment or that have high CNS adverse effects. Results: A total of 100 patients (91 men, 9 women; mean [SD] age, 7-5.8 [9.7] years; 73% white) were included in the study. Eighty-six patients were determined at the time of evaluation to have some kind of cognitive impairment. They were mildly impaired, with a mean (SD) Mini-Mental State Examination score of 22.9 (5.1), based oil a scale of 0 to 30. Twenty-two patients were taking >= 1 contraindicated medication that could potentially affect their cognition; the most frequently prescribed were benzodiazepines, oxybutynin, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and diphenhydramine. Twenty-eight of the 100 patients were being treated with a cholinesterase inhibitor at the time of their evaluation; of these, 4 (14%) were also taking >= 1 medication with anticholinergic properties. Conclusions: Despite research evidence and recommendations to avoid these CNS-active medications because of their adverse effects, they continue to be prescribed in elderly patients with cognitive impairments. Further research is needed to determine strategies that will help reduce their administration in this population. C1 [Barton, Cynthia; Yaffe, Kristine] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Sklenicka, Julie] USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Sayegh, Philip] Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Clin Sci Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Yaffe, Kristine] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Yaffe, Kristine] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Yaffe, Kristine] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Barton, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Box 127,4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. EM cbarton@memory.ucsf.edu NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 1543-5946 J9 AM J GERIATR PHARMAC JI Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.08.002 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 344US UT WOS:000258953400002 PM 18775389 ER PT J AU Ruland, RT Hogan, CJ Randall, CJ Richards, A Belkoff, SM AF Ruland, Robert T. Hogan, Christopher J. Randall, Craig J. Richards, Andrew Belkoff, Stephen M. TI Biomechanical comparison of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction; elbow instability; interference knot; biomechanics ID ELBOW; HARVEST AB Background: Incompetence of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow is career-threatening for high-performance throwing athletes. Although multiple reconstructions have been described, a procedure that combines a larger graft with improved fixation may demonstrate more favorable loading characteristics than current techniques. Hypothesis: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions utilizing a semitendinosus graft and interference knot fixation will be biomechanically superior to previously reported techniques. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty cadaveric elbows were stripped of all medial soft tissue superficial to the UCL. The proximal humeri were mounted on a materials testing system with the elbows flexed 90. The intact UCL was loaded to failure at 4.5 deg/s. The torsional failure moment, torsional stiffness, and mode of failure were recorded. Three groups of 10 specimens were created. Group 1 underwent reconstruction using a palmaris tendon graft secured with interference knot fixation. Group 2 reconstructions utilized a palmaris graft and the docking technique. Group 3 specimens were reconstructed using a semitendinosus graft and interference knot fixation. All specimens were loaded to failure and the same parameters recorded. Results: The torsional failure moments for group 1 (13.28 N.m) and group 2 (12.81 N.m) reconstructions were significantly (P < .05) inferior to that of their respective native values (21.3 N.m and 23.5 N.m). Semitendinosus reconstructions (20.5 N.m) were not significantly different (P = .24) from their native UCLs (23.0 N.m). All reconstructions were torsionally less stiff (P < .001) than the native UCL. There were no statistically significant differences in stiffness between the groups (P = .4). Conclusion: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction utilizing semitendinosus graft and interference knot fixation restores the torsional strength of the intact UCL. Clinical Relevance: Reconstructions using semitendinosus grafts may allow for accelerated rehabilitation and earlier return to competition. C1 [Ruland, Robert T.; Hogan, Christopher J.; Randall, Craig J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Richards, Andrew; Belkoff, Stephen M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hogan, CJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM christopher.hogan@med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1565 EP 1570 DI 10.1177/0363546508319360 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 331AU UT WOS:000257985900015 PM 18596198 ER PT J AU Ressner, RA Griffith, ME Beckius, ML Pimentel, G Miller, RS Mende, K Fraser, SL Galloway, RL Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK AF Ressner, Roseanne A. Griffith, Matthew E. Beckius, Miriam L. Pimentel, Guillermo Miller, R. Scott Mende, Katrin Fraser, Susan L. Galloway, Renee L. Hospenthal, Duane R. Murray, Clinton K. TI Antimicrobial susceptibilities of geographically diverse clinical human isolates of Leptospira SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES; HAMSTER MODEL; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTERROGANS; PENICILLIN; THERAPY; AGENTS; AZITHROMYCIN; AMOXICILLIN; DOXYCYCLINE AB Although antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis has been studied in a few randomized controlled clinical studies, those studies were limited to specific regions of the world and few have characterized infecting strains. A broth microdilution technique for the assessment of antibiotic susceptibility has been developed at Brooke Army Medical Center. In the present study, we assessed the susceptibilities of 13 Leptospira isolates (including recent clinical isolates) from Egypt, Thailand, Nicaragua, and Hawaii to 13 antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin, cefepime, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were found to have MICs below the lower limit of detection (0.016 mu g/ml). Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem-cilastatin, penicillin G, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin had MIC(90)s between 0.030 and 0.125 mu g/ml. Doxycycline and tetracycline had the highest MIC(90)s: 2 and 4 mu g/ml, respectively. Doxycycline and tetracycline were noted to have slightly higher MICs against isolates from Egypt than against strains from Thailand or Hawaii; otherwise, the susceptibility patterns were similar. There appears to be possible variability in susceptibility to some antimicrobial agents among strains, suggesting that more extensive testing to look for geographic variability should be pursued. C1 [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Pimentel, Guillermo] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Miller, R. Scott] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Mende, Katrin] Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2750 EP 2754 DI 10.1128/AAC.00044-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 336LR UT WOS:000258365800007 PM 18411316 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, B. TI New third order nonlinear solvers for multiple roots SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear equations; high order; multiple roots; fixed point; Chebyshev; Osada ID ITERATIVE METHODS; CHEBYSHEV METHOD; EQUATIONS; FAMILY AB Two third order methods for finding multiple zeros of nonlinear functions are developed. One method is based on Chebyshev's third order scheme (for simple roots) and the other is a family based on a variant of Chebyshev's which does not require the second derivative. Two other more efficient methods of lower order are also given. These last two methods are variants of Chebyshev's and Osada's schemes. The informational efficiency of the methods is discussed. All these methods require the knowledge of the multiplicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 202 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2008.01.031 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 332SP UT WOS:000258103700015 ER PT J AU Comanescu, G Manka, CK Grun, J Nikitin, S Zabetakis, D AF Comanescu, Geld Manka, Charles K. Grun, Jacob Nikitin, Sergei Zabetakis, Daniel TI Identification of explosives with two-dimensional ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; two-dimensional spectra; explosives; identification ID CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION; SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA; LASER; TNT; FLUORESCENCE; WAVELENGTH; DEPENDENCE; CHEMISTRY AB The first two-dimensional (2D) resonance Raman spectra of TNT, RDX, HMX, and PETN are measured with an instrument that sequentially and rapidly switches between laser wavelengths, illuminating these explosives with forty wavelengths between 210 ran and 280 nm. Two-dimensional spectra reflect variations in resonance Raman scatter with illumination wavelength, adding information not available from single or few one-dimensional spectra, thereby increasing the number of variables available for use in identification, which is especially useful in environments with contaminants and interferents. We have recently shown that 2D resonance Raman spectra can identify bacteria. Thus, a single device that identifies the presence of explosives, bacteria, and other chemicals in complex backgrounds may be feasible. C1 [Grun, Jacob] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Comanescu, Geld; Manka, Charles K.; Nikitin, Sergei] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zabetakis, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacob.grun@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 62 IS 8 BP 833 EP 839 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 337EP UT WOS:000258418600001 PM 18702854 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Dewing, CB Bell, SJ McCormick, F Solomon, DJ Rooney, TB Stanley, M AF Provencher, Matthew T. Dewing, Christopher B. Bell, S. Josh McCormick, Frank Solomon, Daniel J. Rooney, Timothy B. Stanley, Mark TI An analysis of the rotator interval in patients with anterior, posterior, and multidirectional shoulder instability SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance arthrogram; placation; posterior shoulder instability; rotator interval; shoulder instability ID CUFF INTERVAL; GLENOHUMERAL STABILITY; CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; BANKART REPAIR; CLOSURE; MOTION; CAPSULE; LESIONS; JOINT AB Purpose: To describe anatomic measurements of the rotator interval (RI) on magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) images and to assess the relationship between increased dimensions of the RI and instability conditions of the shoulder. Methods: Three groups of patients with clinical instability were treated arthroscopically (anterior [A = 19 patients], posterior [P = 14 patients], and multidirectional [M = 13 patients]), and a group of 10 control patients without clinical instability were also identified. The MRAs of all groups were randomized, and 5 blinded reviewers recorded RI anatomic measurements of: (1) sagittal measures of the distance between the subscapularis (SSc) and supraspinatus (SS) tendons at 3 anatomic landmarks across the RI, and (2) the sagittal position of the long head of the biceps (LHB) relative to the most anterior aspect of the SS. Results: The rotator interval distance between the SS and SSc tendons was nearly identical for all groups of instability, and was also not different from control groups. On the sagittal oblique sequences, the distance from the LHB tendon to the anterior edge of the SS tendon was significantly increased in posterior (7.4 mm) instability versus both the control group (2.4 mm; P = .025) and those with anterior instability (4.5 mm; P = .041), with the LHB in a consistent anterior position. The remainder of the measures was not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions: The distance between the SS and SSc and the overall size of the RI was well preserved in all instability patterns and control conditions. The LHB tendon assumes a more anterior position relative to the supraspinatus tendon in patients with posterior instability versus those patients with anterior instability or those without clinical instability. Additional work is necessary to further define objective radiographic evidence of RI insufficiency in patients with shoulder instability. Level of Evidence: Level III, prognostic case-control study. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.; Dewing, Christopher B.; Bell, S. Josh; McCormick, Frank; Solomon, Daniel J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Rooney, Timothy B.; Stanley, Mark] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Rooney, Timothy B.; Stanley, Mark] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.005 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 335YY UT WOS:000258332700011 PM 18657741 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Harr, PA AF Elsberry, Russell L. Harr, Patrick A. TI Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS08) Field Experiment Science Basis, Observational Platforms, and Strategy SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS08); tropical cyclone formation; tropical cyclone structure; THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRACK FORECASTS; PART I; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; ISABEL 2003; IMPACT; CYCLOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; WAVES AB The Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS08) in cooperation with the THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) during August and September 2008 is the most significant tropical cyclone-related field experiment in the western North Pacific since 1990. This article will summarize the science basis, observational platforms, and strategy for the TCS08. The tropical cyclone formation component of TCS08 will address the multi-scale aspects, but the primary focus will be on a ventilation hypothesis and a marsupial paradigm on the synoptic scale, and a top-down and a bottom-up hypothesis on the mesoscale. A number of numerical modeling, adjoint sensitivity and targeting, and observational studies are supporting the TCS08 formation component. The primary foci of the structure change component of TCS08 are changes associated with secondary eyewall formation, air-sea interaction impacts via boundary layer rolls and the ocean response and feedback, and understanding of superintensity. A major objective of the TCS08 structure change component is to make in situ observations of the intensity and structure and their changes for validating satellite-based techniques. Numerical modeling and data assimilation studies will also support the structure change component. The long-range lightning network in the western North Pacific is being augmented with at least five new stations and these observations will be correlated with intensity changes in conjunction with modeling studies. An open data policy applies to both TCS08 and T-PARC, and researchers are encouraged to collaborate in the field experiments and in the analyses, numerical modeling, and interpretations of the TCS08 data sets. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Es,Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Es,Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Dr. Simon Chang of the Naval Research Laboratory-Monterey; U. S. Air Force Reserve [WC-130J] FX Dr. Ron Ferek and Dr. Dan Eleuterio of the Office of Naval Research and Dr. Simon Chang of the Naval Research Laboratory-Monterey are acknowledged for their support and leadership of the overall TCS08 program, and LCol Kurt Brueske has been a key person in the augmenting the support for the U. S. Air Force Reserve WC-130J. Peter Black, Dan Eleuterio, and Mike Montgomery provided extensive comments that improved the manuscript. Mrs. Penny Jones and Michael Vinluan assisted in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 460-18 SHINDAEBANG-DONG, TONGJAK-GU, SEOUL, 156-720, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 209 EP 231 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 469PJ UT WOS:000267911800001 ER PT J AU Turner, NH Ten Brummelaar, TA Roberts, LC Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Gies, DR AF Turner, Nils H. Ten Brummelaar, Theo A. Roberts, Lewis C. Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Gies, Douglas R. TI Adaptive optics photometry and astrometry of binary stars. III. A faint companion search of O-star systems SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : general; instrumentation : adaptive optics; stars : early-type; techniques : high angular resolution ID RUNAWAY STARS; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SIGMA-ORIONIS; FIELD STARS; CD-ROM; ORIGIN; ASSOCIATION; HIPPARCOS; CATALOG AB We present the results of an adaptive optics survey for faint companions among Galactic O-type star systems (with V less than or similar to 8) using the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) 3.6 m telescope on Haleakala. We surveyed these O-star systems in the I -band, typically being able to detect a companion with a magnitude difference of Delta(mI) less than or similar to 6 in the projected separation range 0 ''.5 < rho < 1 ''.0, and Delta(mI) less than or similar to 9.5 in the range 1.'' 0 < rho < 5 ''.0. In the course of the survey, we discovered 40 new companions among 31 of the 116 objects examined and made astrometric and differential magnitude measurements of 24 additional known pairs, several of them being confirmation detections. We present new astrometric orbits for two binaries, BU 1032AB (WDS 05387-0236; sigma Ori AB) and SEE 322 (WDS 17158-3344; HD 155889AB). We lack magnitude differences for other filter bands, so it is difficult to determine physical from line-of-sight companions, but we present empirical arguments for the limiting magnitude difference where field contamination is significant. C1 [Turner, Nils H.; Ten Brummelaar, Theo A.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. [Roberts, Lewis C.] Boeing Co, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Gies, Douglas R.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr High Angular Resoulut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Turner, NH (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. EM nils@chara-array.org; theo@chara-array.org; lewis.c.roberts@jpl.nasa.gov; bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; gies@chara.gsu.edu OI Roberts, Lewis/0000-0003-3892-2900 NR 61 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 554 EP 565 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/554 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326SU UT WOS:000257680000003 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA Patsourakos, S Cargill, PJ AF Klimchuk, J. A. Patsourakos, S. Cargill, P. J. TI Highly efficient modeling of dynamic coronal loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; stars : coronae; Sun : corona; Sun : transition region ID SOFT-X-RAY; SUN TRANSITION REGION; CONTINUUM ABSORPTION; HEATING MODELS; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR; TRACE; TEMPERATURE; TELESCOPE; PLASMA AB Observational and theoretical evidence suggests that coronal heating is impulsive and occurs on very small cross-field spatial scales. A single coronal loop could contain a hundred or more individual strands that are heated quasi-independently by nanoflares. It is therefore an enormous undertaking to model an entire active region or the global corona. Three-dimensional MHD codes have inadequate spatial resolution, and one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic codes are too slow to simulate the many thousands of elemental strands that must be treated in a reasonable representation. Fortunately, thermal conduction and flows tend to smooth out plasma gradients along the magnetic field, so zero-dimensional (0D) models are an acceptable alternative. We have developed a highly efficient model called "enthalpy-based thermal evolution of loops'' (EBTEL), which accurately describes the evolution of the average temperature, pressure, and density along a coronal strand. It improves significantly on earlier models of this type-in accuracy, flexibility, and capability. It treats both slowly varying and highly impulsive coronal heating; it provides the time-dependent differential emission measure distribution, DEM(T), at the transition region footpoints; and there are options for heat flux saturation and nonthermal electron beam heating. EBTEL gives excellent agreement with far more sophisticated 1D hydrodynamic simulations despite using 4 orders of magnitude less computing time. It promises to be a powerful new tool for solar and stellar studies. C1 [Klimchuk, J. A.; Patsourakos, S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cargill, P. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Patsourakos, S.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM James.A.Klimchuk@nasa.gov RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 47 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1351 EP 1362 DI 10.1086/589426 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100058 ER PT J AU Stamper, DM Montgomery, MT AF Stamper, David M. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Biological treatment and toxicity of low concentrations of oily wastewater (bilgewater) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilgewater; oily wastewater; diesel ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ALKANE OXIDATION; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; BIOREMEDIATION; SEDIMENTS; LEACHATE AB The biodegradability and toxicity of low concentrations of oily wastewater (bilgewater) were tested under simulated sanitary wastewater treatment conditions. This was done to establish the feasibility of a combined shipboard oily and nonoily wastewater treatment system. The biodegradability of oily wastewater was determined by proxy: C-14-labeled dodecane. toluene. and phenanthrene (representing alkane, aromatic, and polyaromatic compounds, respectively) were mineralized in petroleum fuels and lubricants. We found that low concentrations of oily wastewater components were mineralized. even in the presence of more abundant substrates (such as synthetic graywater, containing vegetable oil, detergent, gelatin. and starch). The toxic effects of diesel fuel and several other components of oily wastewater (such as surfactants and a synthetic lubricant) on a naive wastewater assemblage was also tested. In concentrations much higher than would be expected under normal shipboard conditions. we found no evidence of toxic effects of the bilgewater compounds tested. Thus. a combined shipboard bilgewater and sanitary wastewater system might be feasible. C1 [Stamper, David M.] Biol Sci Grp, NAVSEA Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stamper, DM (reprint author), Biol Sci Grp, NAVSEA Carderock Div, Code 617,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM david.stamper@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program, which is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank Brittany Preston for technical assistance and Eric Holm for a critical review of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 8 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1139/W08-053 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 350QZ UT WOS:000259369500011 PM 18772931 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, S Perry, MC La Rocca, RV Rinaldi, D Gable, PS Tester, WJ Belani, CP AF Ramalingam, Suresh Perry, Michael C. La Rocca, Renato V. Rinaldi, David Gable, Preston S. Tester, William J. Belani, Chandra P. TI Comparison of outcomes for elderly patients treated with weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus the standard 3-weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the International-Association-for-the-Study-of-Lung-Cancer CY JUL 03-06, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Study Lung Canc DE elderly; nonsmall cell lung cancer; paclitaxel; weekly schedule; carboplatin ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PHASE-III; CHEMOTHERAPY; VINORELBINE; MULTICENTER; AGE AB BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes between elderly (aged >= 70 years) patients treated with paclitaxel on a weekly basis and with carboplatin (every 4 weeks) versus the standard 3-weekly regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel for first-line therapy of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. METHODS. Of the 444 patients enrolled, 136 (31%) were aged >= 70 years. Seventy-two patients were randomized to the weekly schedule (paclitaxel, 100 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 of 4 weeks; carboplatin, area under the curve [AUC] = 6 mg/mL.min on Day I every 4 weeks), and 64 patients were randomized to the standard schedule (paclitaxel, 225 mg/m(2); carboplatin, AUC = 6 mg/mL.min on Day I every 21 davs). Patients with stable disease or objective response after 4 cycles of 2 therapy were eligible for maintenance therapy with weekly paclitaxel (70 mg/m(2) 3 of 4 weeks). RESULTS. The response rate for elderly patients was 26% on the weekly regimen and 19% on the standard schedule. The median survival duration for the weekly and the standard schedules was 37 weeks and 31 weeks, respectively. The 1-year survival rates were similar at '31% and 33%. Grade 3 to 4 anemia was more common on the weekly schedule (16% vs 6%), whereas grade 3 neuropathy was less common (5.5% vs 9.5%). Nausea and emesis were also less frequent on the weekly schedule. CONCLUSIONS. Efficacy was similar between the weekly regimen and the standard regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and may be advantageous based on its favorable tolerability profile. C1 [Belani, Chandra P.] Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State Canc Inst, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Tester, William J.] Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Gable, Preston S.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rinaldi, David] Louisiana Oncol Associates, Lafayette, LA USA. [La Rocca, Renato V.] Kentuckiana Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. [Perry, Michael C.] Univ Missouri, Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Ramalingam, Suresh] Emory Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belani, CP (reprint author), Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State Canc Inst, 500 Univ Dr,H072, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM cbelani@psu.edu NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1002/cncr23583 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 328VG UT WOS:000257825700013 PM 18512224 ER PT J AU Romano, M AF Romano, Marcello TI Exact analytic solutions for the rotation of an axially symmetric rigid body subjected to a constant torque SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE rigid body dynamics; kinematics; rotation; integrable cases of motion; revolution ellipsoid of inertia; analytical reduction ID ATTITUDE MOTION AB New exact analytic solutions are introduced for the rotational motion of a rigid body having two equal principal moments of inertia and subjected to an external torque which is constant in magnitude. In particular, the solutions are obtained for the following cases: (1) Torque parallel to the symmetry axis and arbitrary initial angular velocity; (2) Torque perpendicular to the symmetry axis and such that the torque is rotating at a constant rate about the symmetry axis, and arbitrary initial angular velocity; (3) Torque and initial angular velocity perpendicular to the symmetry axis, with the torque being fixed with the body. In addition to the solutions for these three forced cases, an original solution is introduced for the case of torque-free motion, which is simpler than the classical solution as regards its derivation and uses the rotation matrix in order to describe the body orientation. This paper builds upon the recently discovered exact solution for the motion of a rigid body with a spherical ellipsoid of inertia. In particular, by following Hestenes' theory, the rotational motion of an axially symmetric rigid body is seen at any instant in time as the combination of the motion of a "virtual" spherical body with respect to the inertial frame and the motion of the axially symmetric body with respect to this "virtual" body. The kinematic solutions are presented in terms of the rotation matrix. The newly found exact analytic solutions are valid for any motion time length and rotation amplitude. The present paper adds further elements to the small set of special cases for which an exact solution of the rotational motion of a rigid body exists. C1 [Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. EM mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s10569-008-9155-4 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 335TX UT WOS:000258314900005 ER PT J AU Lapa, JA Sincock, SA Ananthakrishnan, M Porter, CK Cassels, FJ Brinkley, C Hall, ER van Hamont, J Gramling, JD Carpenter, CM Baqar, S Tribble, DR AF Lapa, Joyce A. Sincock, Stephanie A. Ananthakrishnan, Madhumita Porter, Chad K. Cassels, Frederick J. Brinkley, Carl Hall, Eric R. van Hamont, John Gramling, Joseph D. Carpenter, Colleen M. Baqar, S. Tribble, David R. TI Randomized clinical trial assessing the safety and immunogenicity of oral microencapsulated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli surface antigen 6 with or without heat-labile enterotoxin with mutation R192G SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; UNITED-STATES-NAVY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; SECRETING CELLS; SUBUNIT VACCINE; FACTOR CS6; IMMUNIZATION AB An oral, microencapsulated anti-colonization factor 6 antigen (meCS6) vaccine, with or without heat-labile enterotoxin with mutation R192G (LT(R192G)) (mucosal adjuvant), against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was evaluated for regimen and adjuvant effects on safety and immunogenicity. Sixty subjects were enrolled into a three-dose, 2-week interval or four-dose, 2-day interval regimen. Each regimen was randomized into two equal groups of meCS6 alone (1 mg) or meCS6 with adjuvant (2 mu g of LT(R192G)). The vaccine was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. Serologic response to CS6 was low in all regimens (0 to 27%). CS6-immunogloublin A (IgA) antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses ranged from 36 to 86%, with the highest level in the three-dose adjuvanted regimen; however, the magnitude was low. As expected, serologic and ASC LT responses were limited to adjuvanted regimens, with the exception of fecal IgA, which appeared to be nonspecific to LT administration. Further modifications to the delivery strategy and CS6 and adjuvant dose optimization will be needed before conducting further clinical trials with this epidemiologically important class of ETEC. C1 [Lapa, Joyce A.; Sincock, Stephanie A.; Porter, Chad K.; Hall, Eric R.; Carpenter, Colleen M.; Baqar, S.; Tribble, David R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ananthakrishnan, Madhumita; Cassels, Frederick J.; Brinkley, Carl; van Hamont, John] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gramling, Joseph D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lapa, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joyce.lapa@med.navy.mil RI Porter, Chad/A-8026-2011 FU Military Infectious Disease Research Program; NMRC [A0055] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government.; This work was supported and funded by the Military Infectious Disease Research Program, NMRC Work Unit Number A0055. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.; J.A.L. is a military service member. This work was prepared as part of her official duties. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1222 EP 1228 DI 10.1128/CVI.00491-07 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TF UT WOS:000258667200012 PM 18579693 ER PT J AU Nasky, KM Knittel, DR Manos, GH AF Nasky, Kevin M. Knittel, Douglas R. Manos, Gail H. TI Psychosis Associated with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antibodies SO CNS SPECTRUMS LA English DT Article ID LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS; OVARIAN TERATOMA; DIAGNOSIS; MODEL; PET AB We describe the eighth case study of a female diagnosed with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis without an identified tumor who presented with floridly psychotic symptoms following a 2-week prodromal phase with new-onset headaches and presyncopal episodes. While hospitalized, the patient had seizures, autonomic dysfunction, involuntary movements, and a decline in mental status. A subsequent assay was positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies. In contrast to most reported cases, an initial trial with corticosteroids was therapeutically unsuccessful. Subsequent treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, however, resulted in a prompt, robust clinical response and enabled the patient to be rapidly discharged from the hospital, with minimal neuropsychiatric sequelae. C1 [Nasky, Kevin M.; Knittel, Douglas R.; Manos, Gail H.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, 620 John Paul Jones Circle 275, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM gail.manos@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU M B L COMMUNICATIONS, INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 HUDSON ST, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-8529 J9 CNS SPECTRUMS JI CNS Spectr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 360VE UT WOS:000260085400008 PM 18704025 ER PT J AU Sutton, JA Fleming, JW AF Sutton, Jeffrey A. Fleming, James W. TI Towards accurate kinetic modeling of prompt NO formation in hydrocarbon flames via the NCN pathway SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LOW-PRESSURE; AB-INITIO; CH4/O-2/N-2 FLAMES; RATE-CONSTANT; NATURAL-GAS; CH+N-2; PREDICTION; OXIDATION; METHANE; HCN C1 [Sutton, Jeffrey A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fleming, James W.] USN, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutton, JA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sutton.235@osu.edu NR 29 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 630 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.009 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 335PI UT WOS:000258302100023 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The profession of IT - Voices of computing SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 19 EP 21 DI 10.1145/1378704.1378711 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 338UP UT WOS:000258535200014 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Hain, TC AF Chang, Chih-Pei Hain, Timothy C. TI A theory for treating dizziness due to optical flow (visual vertigo) SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB Virtual reality (VR) training that provides optic flow stimuli and visuo-vestibular conflict has been suggested as a way to treat patients with inappropriate visual dependence (sometimes called visual vertigo even though spinning sensation is often absent). We propose a simple framework based on a hypothesis that the degree of dizziness depends on the offsetting between the destabilizing effect of optical flow and the stabilizing effect provided by stationary objects in the visual field. We define a total destabilizing potential (TDP), which is the ratio of the destabilizing effect over the stabilizing effect. The approach is to gradually increase the person's tolerance of a higher TDP through exercises that may be described as an inverse of the traditional gaze stabilization exercises for vestibular rehabilitation. The theory proposes that an important ingredient in VR training is to incorporate a stationary anchor to help synchronizing the visual sensory to vestibular and somatosensory inputs. The scheme can also be adopted economically with computer-generated imagery or used by individuals in certain everyday environments. C1 [Chang, Chih-Pei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chang, Chih-Pei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Hain, Timothy C.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Hain, Timothy C.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Hain, Timothy C.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Phys Therapy & Human Movement Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Code MR Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR021168] NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 495 EP 498 DI 10.1089/cpb.2007.0075 PG 4 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 344SE UT WOS:000258946800017 PM 18657045 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, HE Hogan, PJ AF Hurlburt, Harley E. Hogan, Patrick J. TI The Gulf Stream pathway and the impacts of the eddy-driven abyssal circulation and the Deep Western Boundary Current SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AGU Ocean Science Meeting CY FEB, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASLO, TOS, AGU DE ocean circulation; western boundary currents; oceanic fronts; abyssal circulation; bottom topography effects; Western North Atlantic Ocean; Gulf Stream region ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LIMITED-AREA MODEL; CURRENT CROSSOVER; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; LAGRANGIAN OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; JAPAN/EAST SEA; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WIND STRESS AB A hydrodynamic model of the subtropical Atlantic basin and the Intra-Americas Sea (9-47 degrees N) is used to investigate the dynamics of Gulf Stream separation from the western boundary at Cape Hatteras and its mean pathway to the Grand Banks. The model has five isopycnal Lagrangian layers in the vertical and allows realistic boundary geometry, bathymetry, wind forcing, and a meridional overturning circulation (MOC), the latter specified via ports in the northern and southern boundaries. The northward upper ocean branch of the MOC (14 Sv) was always included but the southward Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) was excluded in some simulations, allowing investigation of the impacts of the DWBC and the eddy-driven mean abyssal circulation on Gulf Stream separation from the western boundary. The result is resolution dependent with the DWBC playing a crucial role in Gulf Stream separation at 1/16 degrees resolution but with the eddy-driven abyssal circulation alone sufficient to obtain accurate separation at 1/32 degrees, resolution and a realistic pathway from Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks with minimal DWBC impact except southeast of the Grand Banks. The separation from the western boundary is particularly sensitive to the strength of the eddy-driven abyssal circulation. Farther to the east, between 68 degrees W and the Grand Banks, all of the 1/16 degrees, and 1/32 degrees, simulations with realistic topography (with or without a DWBC) gave similar generally realistic mean pathways with clear impacts of the topographically constrained eddy-driven abyssal circulation versus very unrealistic Gulf Stream pathways between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks from otherwise identical simulations run with a flat bottom, in reduced-gravity mode, or with 1/8 degrees resolution and realistic topography. The model is realistic enough to allow detailed model-data comparisons and a detailed investigation of Gulf Stream dynamics. The corresponding linear solution with a Sverdrup interior and Munk viscous western boundary layers, including one from the northward branch of the MOC, yielded two unrealistic Gulf Stream pathways, a broad eastward pathway centered at the latitude of Cape Hatteras and a second wind plus MOC-driven pathway hugging the western boundary to the north. Thus, a high resolution model capable of simulating an inertial jet is required to obtain a single nonlinear Gulf Stream pathway as it separates from the coast. None of the simulations were sufficiently inertial to overcome the linear solution need for a boundary current north of Cape Hatteras without assistance from pathway advection by the abyssal circulation, even though the core speeds of the simulated currents were consistent with observations near separation. In the 1/16 degrees simulation with no DWBC and a 1/32 degrees simulation with high bottom friction and no DWBC the model Gulf Stream overshot the observed separation latitude. With abyssal current assistance the simulated (and the observed) mean Gulf Stream pathway between separation from the western boundary and similar to 70 degrees W agreed closely with a constant absolute vorticity (CAV) trajectory influenced by the angle of the coastline prior to separation. The key abyssal current crosses under the Gulf Stream at 68.5-69 degrees W and advects the Gulf Stream pathway southward to the terminus of an escarpment in the continental slope. There the abyssal current crosses to deeper depths to conserve potential vorticity while passing under the downward-sloping thermocline of the stream and then immediately retroflects eastward onto the abyssal plain, preveting further southward pathway advection. Thus specific topographic features and feedback from the impact of the Gulf Stream on the abyssal current pathway determined the latitude of the stream at 68.5-69 degrees W, a latitude verified by observations. The associated abyssal current was also verified by observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hurlburt, Harley E.; Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hurlburt, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil; hogan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 71 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.06.002 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 356QS UT WOS:000259793300002 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Hogan, PJ Tilburg, CE Shriver, JF AF Hurlburt, Harley E. Metzger, E. Joseph Hogan, Patrick J. Tilburg, Charles E. Shriver, Jay F. TI Steering of upper ocean currents and fronts by the topographically constrained abyssal circulation SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AGU Ocean Science Meeting CY FEB, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASLO, TOS, AGU DE ocean circulation; western boundary currents; oceanic fronts; abyssal circulation; bottom topography effects; Pacific Ocean; New Zealand region; Kuroshio region; sea of Japan ID WESTERN-BOUNDARY CURRENT; EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; GULF-STREAM; NEW-ZEALAND; JAPAN/EAST SEA; NORTH PACIFIC; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; GENERAL CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL FRONT AB A two-layer theory is used to investigate (1) the steering of upper ocean current pathways by topographically constrained abyssal currents that do not impinge on the bottom topography and (2) its application to upper ocean - topographic coupling via flow instabilities where topographically constrained eddy-driven deep mean flows in turn steer the mean pathways of upper ocean currents and associated fronts. In earlier studies the two-layer theory was applied to ocean models with low vertical resolution (2-6 layers). Here we investigate its relevance to complex ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) with high vertical resolution that are designed to simulate a wide range of ocean processes. The theory can be easily applied to models ranging from idealized to complex OGCMs, provided it is valid for the application. It can also be used in understanding some persistent features seen in observed ocean frontal pathways (over deep water) derived from satellite imagery and other data. To facilitate its application, a more thorough explanation of the theory is presented that emphasizes its range of validity. Three regions of the world ocean are used to investigate its application to eddy-resolving ocean models with high vertical resolution, including one where an assumption of the two-layer theory is violated. Results from the OGCMs with high vertical resolution are compared to those from models with low vertical resolution and to observations. In the Kuroshio region upper ocean - topographic coupling via flow instabilities and a modest seamount complex are used to explain the observed northward mean meander east of Japan where the Kuroshio separates from the coast. The Japan/East Sea (JES) is used to demonstrate the impact of upper ocean - topographic coupling in a relatively weak flow regime. East of South Island, New Zealand, the Southland Current is an observed western boundary current that flows in a direction counter to the demands of Sverdrup flow and counter to the direction simulated in nonlinear global flat bottom and reduced gravity models. A model with high vertical resolution (and topography extending through any number of layers) and a model with low vertical resolution (and vertically compressed but otherwise realistic topography confined to the lowest layer) both simulate a Southland Current in the observed direction with dynamics depending on the configuration of the regional seafloor. However, the dynamics of these simulations are very different because the Campbell Plateau and Chatham Rise east and southeast of New Zealand are rare features of the world ocean where the topography intrudes into the stratified water column over a relatively broad area but lies deeper than the nominal 200 m depth of the continental shelf break, violating a limitation of the two-layer theory. Observations confirm the results from the high vertical resolution model. Overall, the model simulations show increasingly widespread upper ocean - topographic coupling via flow instabilities as the horizontal resolution of the ocean models is increased, but fine resolution of mesoscale variability and the associated flow instabilities are required to obtain sufficient coupling. As a result, this type of coupling is critical in distinguishing between eddy-resolving and eddy-permitting ocean models in regions where it occurs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hurlburt, Harley E.; Metzger, E. Joseph; Hogan, Patrick J.; Shriver, Jay F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tilburg, Charles E.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. RP Hurlburt, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil; metzger@nrlssc.navy.mil; hogan@nrlssc.navy.mil; ctilburg@une.edu; shriver@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 74 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 102 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.06.003 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 356QS UT WOS:000259793300003 ER PT J AU Small, RJ deSzoeke, SP Xie, SP O'Neill, L Seo, H Song, Q Cornillon, P Spall, M Minobe, S AF Small, R. J. deSzoeke, S. P. Xie, S. P. O'Neill, L. Seo, H. Song, Q. Cornillon, P. Spall, M. Minobe, S. TI Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AGU Ocean Science Meeting CY FEB, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASLO, TOS, AGU DE air-sea interaction; oceanography; meteorology; fronts; eddies; boundary layers; Kuroshio; Gulf stream; Agulhas current ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; MESOSCALE COASTAL PROCESSES; APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; AGULHAS RETURN CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF-STREAM; WIND STRESS AB Air-sea interaction at ocean fronts and eddies exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and heat fluxes out of the ocean, indicating that the ocean is forcing the atmosphere. This contrasts with larger scale climate modes where the negative correlations suggest that the atmosphere is driving the system. This paper examines the physical processes that lie behind the interaction of sharp SST gradients and the overlying marine atmospheric boundary layer and deeper atmosphere, using high resolution satellite data, field data and numerical models. The importance of different physical mechanisms of atmospheric response to SST gradients, such as the effect of surface stability variations on momentum transfer, pressure gradients, secondary circulations and cloud cover will be assessed. The atmospheric response is known to create small-scale wind stress curl and divergence anomalies, and a discussion of the feedback of these features onto the ocean will also be presented. These processes will be compared and contrasted for different regions such as the Equatorial Front in the Eastern Pacific, and oceanic fronts in mid-latitudes such as the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Agulhas Return Current. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Small, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [O'Neill, L.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Minobe, S.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Spall, M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Song, Q.; Cornillon, P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Seo, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Seo, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Neill, L.; Song, Q.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Xie, S. P.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Small, R. J.; deSzoeke, S. P.; Xie, S. P.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [deSzoeke, S. P.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM small.ctr.uk@nrlssc.navy.mil; Simon.deSzoeke@noaa.gov; xie@hawaii.edu; larry.oneill.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; hyodae@atmos.ucla.edu; qsong@coas.oregonstate.edu; pcornillon@gso.uri.edu; mspall@whoi.edu; minobe@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; OI Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Spall, Michael/0000-0003-1966-3122 NR 189 TC 210 Z9 222 U1 9 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 274 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.01.001 PG 46 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 356QS UT WOS:000259793300010 ER PT J AU Holland, KT Elmore, PA AF Holland, K. T. Elmore, P. A. TI A review of heterogeneous sediments in coastal environments SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE marine sediments; clastic sediments; heterogeneity; mudbanks; cheniers; gravel-sand beaches; bedforms; sand ridge fields; tidal flats ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIPPLED SCOUR DEPRESSIONS; CONNECTED SAND RIDGES; NORTHERN KERALA COAST; WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; CHENIER-PLAIN COAST; AMAZON-DERIVED MUD; DANISH WADDEN SEA; FRENCH-GUIANA; CROSS-SHORE AB The influence of heterogeneous sediment properties on coastal processes is commonly underestimated due to the difficulty in characterizing and quantifying these types of sediments. Careful examination of previous research reveals that not only is sediment heterogeneity significant in terms of its impact on coastal processes, but that heterogeneous sedimentary environments comprise the majority of the world's coasts. Using geologic and oceanographic field descriptions as a guide, we define sediment heterogeneity to include mixed grain sizes or types, spatial diversity in sediment Properties and bedforms, and/or rapidly changing sediment characteristics. We categorize the dominant heterogeneous environments as I) gravel-sand coasts, 2) sorted bedform fields, 3) sand-ridge fields, 4) cheniers, 5) mud transgressed coasts, 6) mixed tidal flats, and 7) graded foreshores and surf zones. We also specifically tabulate numerical ranges of sediment heterogeneity within each category. These categorizations exemplify the numerous natural patterns of important sediment variability and suggest that environmental characterizations that generalize complexity in terms of simplified descriptions, such as median grain size, are insufficient to describe the influence of many coastal sediments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holland, K. T.; Elmore, P. A.] USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tholland@nrlssc.navy.mil; pelmore@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 FU The Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX The Office of Naval Research through base funding of the Naval Research Laboratory, Program Element #0601153N, supported this effort. We would like to acknowledge the helpful comments and interesting insights from Bob Dolan, John Goff, Linwood Vincent, and Peter Vogt. NR 160 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 116 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.003 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 345JX UT WOS:000258993800003 ER PT J AU Kaplan, I Halitschke, R Kessler, A Rehill, BJ Sardanelli, S Denno, RF AF Kaplan, Ian Halitschke, Rayko Kessler, Andre Rehill, Brian J. Sardanelli, Sandra Denno, Robert F. TI Physiological integration of roots and shoots in plant defense strategies links above- and belowground herbivory SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE indirect effects; phytoparasitic nematode; plant-mediated interactions; resistance; root herbivory; sink strength; stable isotope; tolerance ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; INDUCED RESPONSES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO; COTTON; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; GOSSYPOL; INSECTS AB Roots play a critical, but largely unappreciated, role in aboveground anti-herbivore plant defense (e.g. resistance and tolerance) and root-leaf connections may therefore result in unexpected coupling between above- and belowground consumers. Using the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) system we highlight two examples of this phenomenon. First, the secondary metabolite nicotine is produced in roots, yet translocated aboveground for use as a foliar resistance trait. We demonstrate that nematode root herbivory interferes with foliar nicotine dynamics, resulting in positive effects on aboveground phytophagous insects. Notably, nematode-induced facilitation only occurred on nicotine-producing plants, and not on nicotine-deficient mutants. In the second case, we use stable isotope and invertase enzyme analyses to demonstrate that foliar herbivory elicits a putative tolerance response whereby aboveground nutritional reserves are allocated to roots, resulting in facilitation of phytoparasitic nematodes. Thus, plants integrate roots in resistance and tolerance mechanisms for leaf defense, and such root-leaf connections inherently link the dynamics of above- and belowground consumers. C1 [Kaplan, Ian; Sardanelli, Sandra; Denno, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Halitschke, Rayko; Kessler, Andre] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Rehill, Brian J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kaplan, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ik223@cornell.edu RI Kessler, Andre/C-7810-2014; Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 NR 53 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 12 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 841 EP 851 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01200.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326JS UT WOS:000257655400009 PM 18479456 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, John B. TI Vauban under siege: Engineering efficiency and martial vigor in the War of the Spanish Succession SO ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hattendorf, John B.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0013-8266 J9 ENGL HIST REV JI Engl. Hist. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 123 IS 503 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1093/ehr/cen235 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 353BR UT WOS:000259541600041 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Oktay, SD Kada, J Olsen, CR AF Smith, Joseph P. Oktay, Sarah D. Kada, John Olsen, Curtis R. TI Iodine-131: A potential short-lived, wastewater-specific particle tracer in an urbanized estuarine system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; METAL DISTRIBUTIONS; TREATMENT-PLANT; COASTAL WATERS; SEDIMENTS; IODINE; SEWAGE; BAY; DEPOSITION AB The short-lived, fission-produced radioisotope, (131)I (t(1/2) = 8.04 days), was detected in wastewater, surficial sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected from New York Harbor (NYH) between 2001 and 2002. Iodine-131 is used as a radiopharmaceutical for medical imaging, diagnostics, and treatments for conditions of the thyroid. It is introduced into the municipal waste stream by medical facilities and patients and is subsequently released into the estuary via effluent. Measured (131)I activities in surface sediments were correlated with those of (7)Be (t(1/2) = 53.2 days), a naturally occurring radioisotope that is widely used to quantify particle dynamics, sediment focusing, and short-term sediment deposition and accumulation in aquatic systems. Surficial sediment (131)I activities were also compared with measured trace metal (Cu, Pb) and organic carbon (OC(sed)) concentrations which can be linked to wastewater inputs. These preliminary results from NYH introduce (131)I as a potentially valuable source-specific, short-lived biogeochemical tracer (timescales < 1 month) for particles, sediments, and wastewater-sourced contaminants in urbanized aquatic systems. C1 [Smith, Joseph P.; Oktay, Sarah D.; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Kada, John] US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5435 EP 5440 DI 10.1021/es800418c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100012 PM 18754457 ER PT J AU Cachat, E Barker, M Read, TD Priest, FG AF Cachat, Elise Barker, Margaret Read, Timothy D. Priest, Fergus G. TI A Bacillus thuringiensis strain producing a polyglutamate capsule resembling that of Bacillus anthracis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; capsule; polyglutamic acid; MLST ID CEREUS GROUP; SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; PX02 GENES; SEQUENCE; PLASMID; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; PXO2; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA AB Bacillus thuringiensis serovar Monterrey strain BGSC 4AJ1 produced a microscopically visible capsule that reacted with a fluorescent antibody specific for the poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (PGA) capsule of Bacillus anthracis. PGA capsule biosynthesis genes with 75%, 81%, 72%, 65% and 63% similarity, respectively, to those of the B. anthracis capBCADE cluster were present on a plasmid (pAJ1-1). Strain BGSC 4AJ1, together with five strains of Bacillus cereus that hybridized to a PGA cap gene probe, were analyzed phylogenetically using six housekeeping genes of a B. cereus multilocus sequence typing scheme. Bacillus thuringiensis BGSC 4AJ1 shared four identical alleles with B. anthracis and was the second most closely related to this bacterium of the 674 isolates in the multilocus sequence typing database. The other cap(+) strains were distributed among various lineages of Clade 1 of the B. cereus group. C1 [Cachat, Elise; Barker, Margaret; Priest, Fergus G.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Read, Timothy D.] USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Priest, FG (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM f.g.priest@hw.ac.uk RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 285 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01231.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 326KZ UT WOS:000257659100012 PM 18549401 ER PT J AU Brown, S Rickrode, M Caldwell, T AF Brown, Stacy Rickrode, Mark Caldwell, Thomas TI Determination of JP-8 components in soils using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE JP-8; jet fuel; GC-MS; SPME ID WATER SAMPLES; JET FUEL; HYDROCARBONS; VOLATILE; BLOOD; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PENETRATION; ABSORPTION AB Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) is a military fuel associated with a large percentage of chemical exposures documented by the US Department of Defense. A fast and sensitive solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-in ass spectrometric (SPME-GC-MS) method has been developed for the determination of 34 'marker compounds' found in JP-8. Linear ranges (R-2 > 0.99) were determined for each marker component and precision was measured (<16% RSD) for these components over four concentrations within each calibration range. The method was applied for the analysis of JP-8 components from soil. The use of SPME over other sample extraction techniques eliminates solvents, minimizes sample handling, and increases sensitivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Stacy] E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Rickrode, Mark] USN, Naval Air Stn Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. [Caldwell, Thomas] The Citadel, Dept Chem, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Box 70594, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM browsd03@mail.etsu.edu; MRickrode@cox.net NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10-11 BP 2334 EP 2338 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.01.006 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 302ZL UT WOS:000256008600068 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, BT Hofmeister, EP AF Fitzgerald, Brian T. Hofmeister, Eric P. TI Treatment of advanced carpometacarpal joint disease: Trapeziectomy and hematoma arthroplasty SO HAND CLINICS LA English DT Article ID TENDON INTERPOSITION ARTHROPLASTY; CARPO-METACARPAL JOINT; LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL JOINT; DISTRACTION ARTHROPLASTY; FOLLOW-UP; OSTEOARTHRITIS; THUMB; TRAPEZIUM; EXCISION AB Some surgical treatment options of painful basal joint arthritis do not require complex arthroplasty or suspensionplasty techniques. Simple trapeziectomy with temporary pinning of a slightly overdistracted thumb metacarpal can provide reliable pain relief, good motion, and functional stability. Recent literature supports alternative options when compared with formal ligament reconstruction or suspensionplasty procedures. Simple trapeziectomy is associated with less morbidity due to shorter operative times and the lack of need for graft harvest and ligament reconstruction. C1 [Fitzgerald, Brian T.; Hofmeister, Eric P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92131 USA. RP Fitzgerald, BT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92131 USA. EM brian.fitzgerald@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0712 J9 HAND CLIN JI Hand Clin. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 271 EP + DI 10.1016/j.hcl.2008.03.003 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 343BH UT WOS:000258826800007 PM 18675718 ER PT J AU McMahon, JM AF McMahon, John M. TI Fiber lasers: A future space technology SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3 AB The constraints of operation in space have largely precluded the use of conventional solid-state laser systems for applications including remote sensing, communication relays, and active laser radars. A new technology, fiber lasers, may offer all of the needed features at an affordable price. An appealing aspect of the fiber laser is that it does not need a rigid optical bench. Only the output end of the fiber need be held in rigid reference to the optical tracking system. Design, fabrication, and testing of the laser resonator is generally the most expensive and longest lead part of the effort for conventional solid-state lasers. Advances in Fiber Optic technology and devices mean that the 'fiber laser" need not be a simple device but may be a complex system employing sophisticated technology such as wavelength selective Bragg reflectors and nonlinear optical frequency shifters. Three companies have recently obtained single-mode outputs of 3540 watts single mode at 1.03-1.1 microns. C1 [McMahon, John M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMahon, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5601, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1109/MAES.2008.4607897 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 336OF UT WOS:000258373800009 ER PT J AU Kragh, F Robertson, C AF Kragh, Frank Robertson, Clark TI Novel approach to the analysis of diversity receivers corrupted by partial-band noise interference SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE receivers; spread spectrum communication; communication system performance; digital communication; diversity methods; frequency hop communication; frequency shift keying; interference; Laplace transforms; random variables AB Bit error rate performance analysis for communications systems with diversity and partial-band interference often yields complicated probability density functions (PDFs) for the decision statistics. The authors calculate these PDFs via a new technique by evaluating the inverse Laplace transform as an integral of a real integrand over a finite range. C1 [Kragh, Frank; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM frank.kragh@ieee.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1221 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2008.060219 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 339IT UT WOS:000258572000004 ER PT J AU Firebaugh, SL Piepmeier, JA AF Firebaugh, Samara L. Piepmeier, Jenelle A. TI The RoboCup nanogram league: An opportunity for problem-based undergraduate education in microsystems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE microrobotics; microelectromechanical devices; problem-based learning; scratch drive actuators; student competitions; undergraduate education ID SYSTEMS; CURRICULUM; DESIGN; MEMS AB A problem-based learning approach was chosen for a new senior elective in microsystems. The problem posed to the students was to design microrobots suitable for the new "nanogram league" of the international RoboCup competition, which challenges teams of students and researchers to construct microscopic untethered robots that will compete against each other in soccer-related agility drills on a 2.5 mm by 2.5 mm playing field. The approach was shown to increase student interest and motivation. The course was considered a success and will be repeated with some modifications to increase the breadth of the course coverage. C1 [Firebaugh, Samara L.; Piepmeier, Jenelle A.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.1109/TE.2008.919699 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 340AF UT WOS:000258617700015 ER PT J AU Hull, BA Sumakeris, JJ O'Loughlin, MJ Zhang, QC Richmond, J Powell, AR Imhoff, EA Hobart, KD Rivera-Lopez, A Hefner, AR AF Hull, Brett A. Sumakeris, Joseph J. O'Loughlin, Michael J. Zhang, Qingchun Richmond, Jim Powell, Adrian R. Imhoff, Eugene A. Hobart, Karl D. Rivera-Lopez, Angel Hefner, Allen R., Jr. TI Performance and stability of large-area 4H-SiC 10-kV junction barrier Schottky rectifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode; power semiconductor diode; SiC; stability ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DIODES; DEFECTS AB The forward and reverse bias dc characteristics, the long-term stability under forward and reverse bias, and the reverse recovery performance of 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes that are capable of blocking in excess of 10 kV with forward conduction of up to 10 A at a forward voltage of less than 3.5 V (at 25 degrees C are described. The diodes show a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and a stable Schottky barrier height of up to 200 degrees C. The diodes show stable operation under continuous forward current injection at 20 A/cM2 and under continuous reverse bias of 8 kV at 125 degrees C. When switched from a 10-A forward current to a blocking voltage of 3 kV at a current rate-of-fall of 30 A/fLs, the reverse recovery time and the reverse recovery charge are nearly constant at 300 ns and 425 nC, respectively, over the entire temperature range of 25 degrees C-175 degrees C. C1 [Hull, Brett A.; Sumakeris, Joseph J.; O'Loughlin, Michael J.; Zhang, Qingchun; Richmond, Jim; Powell, Adrian R.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Imhoff, Eugene A.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rivera-Lopez, Angel; Hefner, Allen R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hull, BA (reprint author), Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM brett_hull@cree.com NR 23 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1870 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926655 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300013 ER PT J AU Hu, J Xin, XB Li, XQ Zhao, JH VanMil, BL Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Hu, Jun Xin, Xiaobin Li, Xueqing Zhao, Jian H. VanMil, Brenda L. Lew, Kok-Keong Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI 4H-SiC visible-blind single-photon avalanche diode for ultraviolet detection at 280 and 350 nm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE counting efficiency (CE); dark count rate (DCR); passive quenching; single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD); single-photon detection efficiency (SPDE); visible blind; 4H-silicon carbide ID 4H SILICON-CARBIDE; GEIGER-MODE; PHOTODIODES AB This paper reports on a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) operating at UV wavelengths of 280 and 350 run. The SPAD shows low dark currents of 20 and 57 fA at 80 V and 90% breakdown voltage, respectively. The quantum efficiency (QE) reaches its peak of 43% at 270 nm and is <0.007% at 400 nm, indicating a high UV-to-visible rejection ratio of >6100. The 4H-SiC SPAD shows a fast self-quenching and a high photon count rate of 1.44 MHz in the passive-quenching mode. At the wavelength of 280 nm, a single-photon detection efficiency (SPDE) of 2.83% with a low dark count rate of 22 kHz is achieved at the reverse bias of 116.8 V. The SPDE at 350 nm is lower, which is 0.195%, owing to the correspondingly smaller QE. Optimization measurements were conducted on SPDE as a function of voltage bias and signal output threshold. C1 [Hu, Jun; Zhao, Jian H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Xin, Xiaobin; Li, Xueqing] United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick Technol Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [VanMil, Brenda L.; Lew, Kok-Keong; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lew, Kok-Keong] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, POB 909, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jzhao@ece.rutgers.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1977 EP 1983 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926669 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300029 ER PT J AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Bernard, M Roche, N Dusseau, L AF Buchner, Stephen McMorrow, Dale Bernard, Muriel Roche, Nicolas Dusseau, Laurent TI Total Dose Effects on Error Rates in Linear Bipolar Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Bipolar circuit; error rate; single event transient; total dose ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; CIRCUITS AB The shapes of single event transients in linear bipolar circuits are distorted by exposure to total ionizing dose radiation. Some transients become broader and others become narrower. Such distortions may affect the Single Event Transient (SET) system error rates in a radiation environment. If the transients are broadened by total ionizing dose (TID) exposure, the error rate could increase during the course of a mission, a possibility that has implications for hardness assurance. C1 [Buchner, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernard, Muriel; Roche, Nicolas; Dusseau, Laurent] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bernard@ies.univ-montp2.fr; nicolas.roche@ies.univ-montp2.fr; dusseau@ies.univ-montp2.fr NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2055 EP 2062 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.916061 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500024 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, A Amusan, OA Bhuva, BL Reed, RA Sternberg, AL Massengill, LW McMorrow, D Nation, SA Melinger, JS AF Balasubramanian, Anupama Amusan, Oluwole A. Bhuva, Bharat L. Reed, Robert A. Sternberg, Andre L. Massengill, Lloyd W. McMorrow, Dale Nation, Sarah A. Melinger, J. S. TI Measurement and Analysis of Interconnect Crosstalk Due to Single Events in a 90 nm CMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); interconnect crosstalk; single event (SE); technology computer aided design (TCAD) ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; SOI TECHNOLOGY; REDUCTION; LASER AB The presence of single event (SE) induced interconnect crosstalk has been measured and demonstrated experimentally using single and two photon laser absorption techniques in the IBM 90 nm CMOS9SF process. The dependency of SE interconnect crosstalk on the interconnect length and on the amount of deposited charge has been quantified through 3D mixed-mode simulations at this technology for two different supply voltages. Experimental and simulation results show this effect to increase the cross-section susceptible to SEs requiring careful design considerations to assure desired hardness levels. C1 [Balasubramanian, Anupama; Amusan, Oluwole A.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Reed, Robert A.; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Nation, Sarah A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Effects Grp, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Sternberg, Andre L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Melinger, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balasubramanian, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Effects Grp, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM anupama.balasubramanian@vanderbilt.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2079 EP 2084 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2000781 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500027 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J Frost, E Phlips, BF Vernon, E Wulf, EA AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack Frost, Elliot Phlips, Bernard F. Vernon, Emerson Wulf, Eric A. TI Front-End ASIC for a Silicon Compton Telescope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASIC; cascode; Compton telescope ID STRIP DETECTORS; RAY; IMAGER; READOUT AB We describe a front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for a Silicon Compton telescope. Composed of 32 channels, it reads out signals in both polarities from each side of a Silicon strip sensor, 2 mm thick 27 cm Ion characterized by a strip capacitance of 30 pF. Each front-end channel provides low-noise charge amplification, shaping with a stabilized baseline, discrimination, and peak detection with an analog memory. The channels can process events simultaneously, and the read out is sparsified. The charge amplifier uses a dual-cascode configuration and dual-polarity adaptive reset. The low-hysteresis discriminator and the multi-phase peak detector process signals with a dynamic range in excess of four hundred. An equivalent noise charge (ENC) below 200 electrons was measured at 30 pF, with a slope of about 4.5 electrons/pF at a peaking time of 4 mu s. With a total dissipated power of 5 mW the channel covers an energy range up to 3.2 MeV. C1 [De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack; Vernon, Emerson] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Frost, Elliot] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM degeronimo@bnl.gov RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported in part by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2323 EP 2328 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001410 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EJ UT WOS:000259899600005 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Fernsler, RF Lock, EH AF Walton, Scott G. Fernsler, Richard F. Lock, Evgeniya H. TI Electron beam-produced plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; emission; plasma generation; plasma materials-processing applications; plasmas ID GENERATED PLASMAS; NEGATIVE-IONS; EXTRACTION AB High-energy electron beams offer a unique alternative to discharges as plasma sources for material processing. In this paper, we present several images of sheetlike beams produced in a variety of gases and in different configurations. In addition to their aesthetic value, the images provide insight into the plasma and system properties. C1 [Walton, Scott G.; Fernsler, Richard F.; Lock, Evgeniya H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lock, Evgeniya H.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Walton, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.walton@nrl.navy.mil; Richard.fernsler@nrl.navy.mil; evgeniya.lock@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received December 4. 2007: revised February 27. 2008. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1218 EP 1219 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.922931 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200179 ER PT J AU Kulpa, K Lukin, K Miceli, W Thayaparan, T AF Kulpa, K. Lukin, K. Miceli, W. Thayaparan, T. TI Signal processing in noise radar technology SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kulpa, K.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Signal Proc Lab, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Thayaparan, T.] Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Miceli, W.] Off Naval Res, Surveillance Commun & Elect Combat Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kulpa, K (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Signal Proc Lab, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. RI Kulpa, Krzysztof/H-3951-2011 OI Kulpa, Krzysztof/0000-0003-2627-2744 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn:20089017 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 343TX UT WOS:000258879200001 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. TI Adaptive chaotic maps for identification of complex targets SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID FM SIGNALS; SEQUENCES; DESIGN AB Identification of complex targets in radar or sonar is a difficult problem. The author shows how the parameters of a simple chaotic map may be optimised to increase the cross correlation of a transmitted signal with the reflection from one target while decreasing the cross correlation with another target. The targets consist of simple arrays of point scatterers. The author shows that the optimisation process produces a chaotic signal with a power spectrum that maximises the ratio of the cross correlation with one target to the cross correlation with a different target, however the author also shows that the specific time ordering of the chaotic signal is also important in determining the cross correlation. The performance of the chaotic signal is better than a random signal with the same power spectrum. The author also shows an example of applying these methods to targets that are more complex. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carroll@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn:20070128 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 343TX UT WOS:000258879200004 ER PT J AU Scott, NV Handler, RA Smith, GB AF Scott, Nicholas V. Handler, Robert A. Smith, Geoffrey B. TI Wavelet analysis of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface subject to moderate wind stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE wavelet transform; coherent temperature groups; temperature fluctuation threshold; infrared imagery; characteristic scale ID GAS TRANSFER; STATISTICS; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; SPEED; FLOW AB A new analysis methodology based on the wavelet transform is used to estimate the cross-wind scale statistics of high surface temperature events from two-dimensional infrared imagery. The method is applied to laboratory data obtained from an experiment conducted in 2001 at the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Air-sea Interaction Saltwater Tank (ASIST). For the case of positive heat flux, in which heat is transported from water to air and for all wind forcing conditions, results from the analysis of infrared images show that the number of high temperature events, when scanned in the cross-wind direction, occupies a wide range of scales. For all wind cases, at a low temperature fluctuation threshold, the number of high temperature events increases with increasing wavenumber (decreasing scale). As the temperature fluctuation threshold is increased, this distribution collapses around a characteristic scale. In addition, as the wind speed increases this scale decreases. The statistical scale results are shown to be consistent with estimates of streak spacing based on a standard parameterization of the turbulent dynamics as well as with the results from numerical experiments. Our results suggest that further statistical analysis may possibly allow for the estimation of wind stress from infrared imagery. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, Nicholas V.; Handler, Robert A.; Smith, Geoffrey B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scott, NV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM nscott@whoi.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X EI 1879-2278 J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2007.11.002 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 334WI UT WOS:000258251600020 ER PT J AU Yungwirth, CJ Wadley, HNG O'Connor, JH Zakraysek, AJ Deshpande, VS AF Yungwirth, Christian J. Wadley, Haydn N. G. O'Connor, John H. Zakraysek, Alan J. Deshpande, Vikram S. TI Impact response of sandwich plates with a pyramidal lattice core SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE impact; pyramidal truss; air shock waves; energy absorption; ballistic performance ID BALLISTIC RESISTANCE; PROJECTILES; PENETRATION; PERFORATION; TARGETS; BEAMS; PANELS AB The ballistic performance edge clamped 304 stainless-steel sandwich panels has been measured by impacting the plates at mid-span with a spherical steel projectile whose impact velocity ranged from 250 to 1300 m s(-1). The sandwich plates comprised two identical face sheets and a pyramidal truss core: the diameter of the impacting spherical projectile was approximately half the 25 mm truss core cell size. The ballistic behavior has been compared with monolithic 304 stainless-steel plates of approximately equal areal mass and with high-strength aluminum alloy (6061-T6) sandwich panels of identical geometry. The ballistic performance is quantified in terms of the entry and exit projectile velocities while high-speed photography is used to investigate the dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms. The stainless-steel sandwich panels were found to have a much higher ballistic resistance than the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy panels on a per volume basis but the ballistic energy absorption of the aluminum structures was slightly higher on a per unit mass basis. The ballistic performance of the monolithic and sandwich panels is almost identical though the failure mechanics of these two types of structures are rather different. At high impact velocities, the monolithic plates fail by ductile hole enlargement. By contrast, only the proximal face sheet of the sandwich plate undergoes this type of failure. The distal face sheet fails by a petalling mode over the entire velocity range investigated here. Given the substantially higher blast resistance of sandwich plates compared to monolithic plates of equal mass, we conclude that sandwich plates display a potential to outperform monolithic plates in multi-functional applications that combine blast resistance and ballistic performance. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deshpande, Vikram S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [O'Connor, John H.; Zakraysek, Alan J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Yungwirth, Christian J.; Wadley, Haydn N. G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Deshpande, VS (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM vsd@eng.cam.ac.uk RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 920 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.07.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 317DO UT WOS:000257000100023 ER PT J AU Tucker, E AF Tucker, Ernest TI The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Tucker, Ernest] USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tucker, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tucker@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 488 EP 489 DI 10.1017/S0020743809081051 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 339BS UT WOS:000258553700015 ER PT J AU Riley, BM Richard, JC Girimaji, SS AF Riley, Benjamin M. Richard, Jacques C. Girimaji, Sharath S. TI Assessment of magnetohydrodynamic lattice Boltzmann schemes in turbulence and rectangular jets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE multiple relaxation time (MRT); Maxwell stress tensor; Lorentz force; probability distribution function (PDF); Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator ID FLOWS; SIMULATIONS; PROGRESS; MODEL AB Two lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) formulations are possible to account for the effect of the magnetic field on the velocity field in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. In the body-force formulation (BFF), the magnetic field effects manifest as an external acceleration. In the extended equilibrium formulation (EEF), the effect appears through a modified equilibrium distribution function. Further, for the velocity field itself, the available choices are the single-relaxation time (SRT) and multi-relaxation time (MRT) models. Thus, for MHD-LBM, there are four possible permutations: SRT-BFF, SRT-EEF, MRT-BFF and MRT-EEF. Numerical implementation of the first three have already been presented in the literature. In this work, we, (i) develop the numerical implementation of MRT-EEF and (ii) perform an assessment of the four possible approaches. Our results indicate that the MRT-EEF is the most robust and accurate of the MHD-LBM computational schemes examined. C1 [Riley, Benjamin M.; Richard, Jacques C.; Girimaji, Sharath S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Riley, BM (reprint author), USN Acad, Charleston, SC USA. EM br52@tamu.edu; richard@aero.tamu.edu; girimaji@aero.tamu.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1220 DI 10.1142/S0129183108012881 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 353DP UT WOS:000259546600005 ER PT J AU Horning, GM Vernino, A Towle, HJ Baccaglini, L AF Horning, Gregory M. Vernino, Arthur Towle, Herbert J., III Baccaglini, Lorena TI Gingival grafting in periodontal practice: Results of 103 consecutive surgeries, in 82 patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS & RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIVE-TISSUE GRAFT; ROOT COVERAGE PROCEDURES; ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX; CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP; FOLLOW-UP; REPOSITIONED FLAP; RECESSION; MULTICENTER; DEFECTS; THERAPY AB A consecutive series of 103 surgeries in 82 patients was studied from the normal clinical population of a periodontal specialty practice. Four different techniques were employed: free gingival grafts, free connective tissue grafts, pedicle flaps, and combined techniques. Gingival augmentation using free gingival grafts was the most predictable, with 100% of cases showing a gain of >= 3 mm. The average root coverage was 2.47 mm overall but was most predictable with a combined technique, with 93% gaining >= 2 mm. Miller Class 4 cases were most predictably treated with pedicle flaps and a combined technique. Smokers and patients with more complex sites showed less improvement. Mandibular central incisors and maxillary canines were the most commonly grafted teeth. C1 [Horning, Gregory M.] USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Port Hueneme, CA 94043 USA. [Vernino, Arthur; Baccaglini, Lorena] Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Horning, GM (reprint author), USN, Branch Hlth Clin, 720 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 94043 USA. EM gregory.horning@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 0198-7569 J9 INT J PERIODONT REST JI Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 336NZ UT WOS:000258373200002 PM 18717371 ER PT J AU Shiels, MS Cole, SR Wegner, S Armenian, H Chmiel, JS Ganesan, A Marconi, VC Martinez-Maza, O Martinson, J Weintrob, A Jacobson, LP Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Shiels, Meredith S. Cole, Stephen R. Wegner, Scott Armenian, Haroutune Chmiel, Joan S. Ganesan, Anuradha Marconi, Vincent C. Martinez-Maza, Otoniel Martinson, Jeremy Weintrob, Amy Jacobson, Lisa P. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Effect of HAART on incident cancer and noncancer AIDS events among male HIV seroconverters SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Initative to Decrease Cardiovascular Risk and Increase Quality of Care for Patients Living with HIV/AIDS CY JUN 28-30, 2007 CL Chicago, IL DE highly active antiretroviral therapy; cancers; Kaposi sarcoma; AIDS-associated lymphoma; opportunistic infections; epidemiology ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; COMPETING RISKS; DEFINING ILLNESSES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DEATH; INFECTION; COHORT AB Objective: To explore the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the prevention of AIDS-defining cancers relative to other AIDS-defining events. Design: Prospective cohort study using 2121 HIV+ male seroconverters (median age: 28 years, 51% white/non-Hispanic) in the Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium (n = 1694) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n = 427). Methods: Poisson regression models, with calendar periods to represent antiretroviral therapy, were extended to analyze first incident AIDS-defining cancers and other first AIDS-defining events as competing risks. Results: Eighty-one AIDS-defining cancers (64 Kaposi sarcomas; 17 non-Hodgkin lymphomas) and 343 other AIDS events occurred during 14,483 person-years in 1990-2006. The rate ratio of AIDS-defining cancers during the HAART calendar period was 0.26 (95% confidence limits: 0.15, 0.46) and of other AIDS-defining events was 0.28 (95% confidence limits: 0.21, 0.36) compared with the monotherapy/combination therapy calendar period, adjusting for age, infection duration, race, and cohort. The association of HAART with decreased AIDS incidence seemed to be equal (interaction ratio = 0.95 (95% confidence limits: 0.51, 1.74) for AIDS-defining cancers and other AIDS-defining events. Conclusions: In human immunodeficiency virus-infected men, HAART seems equally protective against first AIDS-defining cancers and other first AIDS-defining events. C1 [Shiels, Meredith S.; Cole, Stephen R.; Armenian, Haroutune; Jacobson, Lisa P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wegner, Scott; Ganesan, Anuradha; Marconi, Vincent C.; Weintrob, Amy; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chmiel, Joan S.] NW Univ Feinberg, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Martinez-Maza, Otoniel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Martinez-Maza, Otoniel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Martinson, Jeremy] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shiels, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E7133, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mshiels@jhsph.edu RI Martinez-Maza, Otoniel/B-2667-2009; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014 OI Martinez-Maza, Otoniel/0000-0003-1364-0675; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689 FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009314-26S1, T32 CA009314, T32 CA009314-27S1, T32 CA009314-28S3]; NCRR NIH HHS [5-MO1-RR-00722, M01 RR000722, M01 RR000722-23]; NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011, U01 AI035039, U01 AI035039-16, U01 AI035039-17, U01 AI035040, U01 AI035040-16, U01 AI035041, U01 AI035041-10, U01 AI035041-17, U01 AI035042, U01 AI035042-11, U01 AI035042-17, U01 AI035043, U01 AI035043-10, U01 AI035043-11, U01 AI037613, U01 AI037613-08, U01 AI037984, U01 AI037984-08, UO1-AI-35039, UO1-AI-35040, UO1-AI-35041, UO1-AI-35042, UO1-AI-35043, UO1-AI-37613, UO1-AI-37984]; NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK066116]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 328OQ UT WOS:000257808100015 PM 18614916 ER PT J AU El-Sharoud, WM El-Din, MZ Ziada, DM Ahmed, SF Klena, JD AF El-Sharoud, W. M. El-Din, M. Z. Ziada, D. M. Ahmed, S. F. Klena, J. D. TI Surveillance and genotyping of Enterobacter sakazakii suggest its potential transmission from milk powder into imitation recombined soft cheese SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterobacter sakazakii; imitation recombined soft cheese; injured cells; milk powder; pre-enrichment; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INFANT FORMULA; MENINGITIS; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS; SURVIVAL; MEDIA; CELLS; FOOD AB Aims: To examine the presence of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk and milk-related products produced/distributed under Egyptian conditions and to probe possible transmission routes of the pathogen during the preparation of dairy products. Methods and Results: One hundred and thirty-seven samples of milk and milk-related products were randomly collected from Egyptian markets and examined for the presence of Ent. sakazakii. The pathogen could be detected only in skimmed milk powder (SMP) and its related product, imitation recombined soft (IRS) cheese. Enterobacter sakazakii isolates recovered from these products were phenotypically similar and sensitive to all antibiotics examined in this study. They also showed indistinguishable banding patterns when subjected to macro-restriction profiling using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (mrp-PFGE). One Ent. sakazakii isolate was inoculated into SMP that was used in the preparation of IRS cheese using two cheese making procedures. The pathogen could survive for up to 1 month in the IRS cheese prepared by either procedure. Conclusions: The simultaneous presence of Ent. sakazakii in SMP and IRS cheese samples collected within the same local market besides the phenotypic and genotypic similarities of isolates recovered from these samples suggested the possibility of Ent. sakazakii being transmitted from SMP into IRS cheese. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that the pathogen could survive in the IRS cheese prepared from contaminated SMP. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study highlights SMP and IRS cheese as potential transmission vehicles of Ent. sakazakii. It also raises concern on the microbiological safety of IRS cheese prepared from SMP. C1 [El-Sharoud, W. M.; El-Din, M. Z.; Ziada, D. M.] Mansoura Univ, Food Safety & Microbial Physiol Lab, Fac Agr, Mansoura, Egypt. [Ahmed, S. F.; Klena, J. D.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, NAMRU3, Cairo, Egypt. RP El-Sharoud, WM (reprint author), Mansoura Univ, Food Safety & Microbial Physiol Lab, Fac Agr, Mansoura, Egypt. EM wmel_sharoud@mans.edu.eg NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03777.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 325CI UT WOS:000257565400027 PM 18312564 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Whiddon, DR Zehms, CT Miller, MD AF Sekiya, Jon K. Whiddon, David R. Zehms, Chad T. Miller, Mark D. TI A clinically relevant assessment of posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner injuries SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; IN-SITU FORCES; TIBIAL INLAY; STRESS RADIOGRAPHY; HUMAN KNEE; RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; ANTERIOR; ACCURACY; MOTION AB Background: The treatment of symptomatic posterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee is controversial. Identification of concomitant injuries of the posterolateral corner is important to optimize surgical and clinical outcomes, although this diagnosis is sometimes difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical examination and stress radiography parameters of isolated injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament and combined injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner. Our hypothesis was that Grade-3 posterior drawer laxity is an indicator of a concomitant injury of the posterolateral corner. Methods: Ten pairs of cadaver knees (a total of twenty knees) were evaluated with posterior drawer testing, dial testing, and stress radiography. Stress radiography was performed by applying a 200-N posterior drawer at 900 of knee flexion. The knees were tested while intact and then retested following the sequential resection of the posterior cruciate ligament followed by the posterolateral corner structures. Results: All intact specimens were rated as Grade 0 on posterior drawer testing. Sectioning of the posterior cruciate ligament resulted in Grade-2 posterior drawer in all specimens. The additional resection of the posterolateral corner resulted in Grade-3 posterior drawer in all specimens. Dial testing of the intact knees resulted in a mean (and standard error) of 10.5 degrees +/- 1.0 degrees and 10.5 degrees +/- 0.80 degrees of external rotation at 30 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively. This increased significantly to 15.1 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees and 16.2 degrees +/- 0.89 degrees, respectively, following sectioning of the posterior cruciate ligament (p < 0.05). After resection of the posterolateral corner, rotation was further increased to a mean of 21.6 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees at 30 degrees and 27.5 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees at 90 degrees (p < 0.05). On stress radiography, the average posterior displacements measured 2.9 +/- 0.5 mm in the intact specimens, 12.7 +/- 1.0 mm after resection of the posterior cruciate ligament, and 22.3 +/- 1.6 mm after the additional resection of the posterolateral corner (p < 0.05). The corrected posterior displacement, calculated by subtracting the displacement in the intact knees, was 9.8 mm after resection of the posterior cruciate ligament and 19.4 mm after the additional resection of the posterolateral corner. Conclusions: A grade of 3 on posterior drawer testing and >10 mm of posterior tibia I translation on stress radiography correlate with the presence of a posterolateral corner injury in addition to a complete disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament. Clinical Relevance: Detection of grade-3 posterior drawer on physical examination should alert the examiner to the presence of a posterolateral corner injury. C1 [Sekiya, Jon K.; Whiddon, David R.; Zehms, Chad T.; Miller, Mark D.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr,POB 0391, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM sekiya@umich.edu NR 49 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 90A IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1627 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01365 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 335LM UT WOS:000258292100001 PM 18676890 ER PT J AU Polak, E Royset, JO AF Polak, E. Royset, J. O. TI Efficient sample sizes in stochastic nonlinear programming SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE stochastic optimization; sample average approximations; diagonalization; reliability-based optimal design ID OPTIMAL-DESIGN AB We consider a class of stochastic nonlinear programs for which an approximation to a locally optimal solution is specified in terms of a fractional reduction of the initial cost error. We show that such an approximate solution can be found by approximately solving a sequence of sample average approximations. The key issue in this approach is the determination of the required sequence of sample average approximations as well as the number of iterations to be carried out on each sample average approximation in this sequence. We show that one can express this requirement as an idealized optimization problem whose cost function is the computing work required to obtain the required error reduction. The specification of this idealized optimization problem requires the exact knowledge of a few problems and algorithm parameters. Since the exact values of these parameters are not known, we use estimates, which can be updated as the computation progresses. We illustrate our approach using two numerical examples from structural engineering design. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Royset, J. O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Polak, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM polak@eecs.berkeley.edu; joroyset@nps.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 217 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2007.02.014 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 315BJ UT WOS:000256852600002 ER PT J AU Herpay, T Razzaque, S Patkos, A Meszaros, P AF Herpay, T. Razzaque, S. Patkos, A. Meszaros, P. TI High energy neutrinos and photons from curvature pions in magnetars SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; neutron stars; ultra high energy photons and neutrinos; cosmological neutrinos ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; RADIATION PAIR FRONTS; X-RAY-EMISSION; COSMIC-RAYS; PULSARS AB We discuss the relevance of the curvature radiation of pions in strongly magnetized pulsars or magnetars, and their implications for the production of TeV energy neutrinos detectable by cubic kilometer scale detectors, as well as high energy photons. C1 [Herpay, T.; Patkos, A.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Herpay, T.; Patkos, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Stat & Biol Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Razzaque, S.; Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Razzaque, S.; Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Razzaque, S.; Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Particle Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Razzaque, S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Herpay, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. EM herpaytamas@gmail.com; soeb@astro.psu.edu; patkos@galaxy.elte.hu; nnp@astro.psu.edu FU NSF [AST 0307376]; Hungarian Science Foundation OTKA [T046129, T68108] FX This work was supported in part by NSF AST 0307376 and the Hungarian Science Foundation OTKA No. T046129 and T68108. SR is currently a National Research Council Research Associate at the Naval Research Laboratory. We are grateful to A K Harding and to the referee for useful comments. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 025 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/025 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 343SO UT WOS:000258875500025 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Tanen, DA AF Matteucci, Michael J. Tanen, David A. TI A levalbuterol therapeutic misadventure SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ASTHMA C1 [Matteucci, Michael J.; Tanen, David A.] USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 209 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.07.069 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 337ZY UT WOS:000258475700018 PM 18281181 ER PT J AU Hoover, JB AF Hoover, John B. TI Application of the CFAST zone model to ships - Fire specification parameters SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fire model; zone model; CFAST; model validation; model inputs AB An analysis of the sensitivity of the Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport model to several key fire specification parameters has been performed for this paper. Results of simulations of shipboard fires Lire compared with data from full-scale experiments. It was found that reasonable estimates of the fire inputs. with the exception of the smoke and carbon monoxide production parameters, could be obtained from literature values. The soot parameter was found to be critical for accurate temperature predictions, especially in the upper layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoover, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.hoover@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [PE0602121N] FX The work described in this report was performed by the Chemistry Division of the Materials Science and Component Technology Directorate, Naval Research Laboratory. The work was funded by the Office of Naval Research, Code 334, under the Damage Control Task of the Surface Ship Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical Technology Program (PE0602121N). The author wishes to thank Jean Bailey (NRL Code 6183), for her assistance in performing the CFAST modeling, and Rick Peacock (NIST) for invaluable assistance in setting up the model inputs and interpreting the results. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1042-3915 J9 J FIRE PROT ENG JI J. Fire Prot. Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 199 EP 222 DI 10.1177/1042391508091342 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 339NE UT WOS:000258583500002 ER PT J AU Anguelova, MD AF Anguelova, Magdalena D. TI Complex dielectric constant of sea foam at microwave frequencies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WIND-WAVES; EFFECTIVE PERMITTIVITY; RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; DENSE MEDIA; EMISSIVITY; WATER; BUBBLES; OCEAN; MIXTURES; SURFACE AB We present a systematic investigation of the applicability of a group of mixing rules for obtaining the dielectric constant (permittivity) of sea foam ( whitecaps) at microwave frequencies, 1.4 to 37 GHz. By demonstrating that the foam scattering is weak at these frequencies, we justify our interest in basic mixing rules, which do not involve explicit scattering computation, namely, the Maxwell Garnett, Polder-Van Santen, Coherent potential, Looyenga, and Refractive models. The complex dielectric constant of sea foam obtained with these mixing rules is presented and the dependence of foam permittivity on foam void fraction, radiation frequency, sea surface temperature, and salinity is reported. With the exception of the Coherent potential model, all selected mixing rules give reasonable values for the sea foam dielectric constant. To further examine the suitability of a permittivity model for computing the dielectric constant of sea foam, the performance of each mixing rule is evaluated on the basis of three criteria: (1) how well a permittivity model deals with a wide range of void fractions, (2) how a permittivity model behaves approaching the foam-air and foam-water boundaries, and (3) how the choice of a permittivity model affects estimates of emissivity and brightness temperature due to foam. The suitability of the basic mixing rules for computing the complex dielectric constant of sea foam at microwave frequencies can be ranked as: (1) Refractive model, (2) Looyenga model, (3) Maxwell Garnett model, and (4) Polder-Van Santen model. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anguelova, MD (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7223,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM maggie.anguelova@nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08001 DI 10.1029/2007JC004212 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 333MD UT WOS:000258155700001 ER PT J AU Masterson, D AF Masterson, Daniel TI A discontented diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the meaning of ethnic militancy, 1960-1980 SO JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Daniel] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-216X J9 J LAT AM STUD JI J. Lat. Am. Stud. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 BP 589 EP 591 DI 10.1017/S0022216X08004513 PN 3 PG 3 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 339UZ UT WOS:000258604100016 ER PT J AU Uwakweh, ONC Agarwala, VS AF Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Agarwala, Vinod S. TI Mossbauer effect study of room temperature cathodic polarization of AISI321SS austenitic stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE AISI-321 austenitic stainless steel; cathodic hydrogen charging; martensite; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; HYDROGEN; CRACKING AB Room temperature hydrogen charging by cathodic polarization of cold rolled AISI 321SS austenitic stainless steel in appropriate electrolytic medium leads to its decomposition to structural defects and a ferromagnetic alpha'-martensitic phase. The degree of decomposition, and hence the resulting products depends on hydrogen charging time with martensitic transformation yielding up to 14-22% martensite for charging periods of 30 and 96 h, respectively. Based on Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements, the magnetically split portion of the spectra corresponding to the alpha'-martensite phase was resolved in terms of one Fe-site with internal magnetic field in the range of 260-265 +/- 10 kOe. Both the uncharged and retained (after hydrogen charging) austenitic phases were resolved similarly at ambient and sub-ambient cryogenic temperatures. The austenitic phase in both the uncharged and charged states remained stable from ambient down to 4.2 K, where they exhibited singlet broadening suggesting weakly ferro/antifero-magnetic ordering. C1 [Uwakweh, Oswald N. C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Agarwala, Vinod S.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Uwakweh, ONC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9167-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 325IO UT WOS:000257582800013 ER PT J AU Yang, J Wearing, XZ Le QUesne, PW Deschamps, JR Cookery, JM AF Yang, Jie Wearing, Xiangyu Z. Le QUesne, Philip W. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cookery, James M. TI Enantiospecific synthesis of (+)-alstonisine via a stereospecific osmylation process SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ARYL RADICAL CYCLIZATIONS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS TALPININE; AJMALINE-RELATED ALKALOIDS; ARISTOTELIA-TYPE ALKALOIDS; OXINDOLE ALKALOIDS; DIRECTED DIHYDROXYLATION; ALSTONIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; GARDNERIA ALKALOIDS; GENERAL-APPROACH; MACROLINE AB The first enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-alstonisine has been accomplished from D-tryptophan methyl ester 13 ill 12% overall yield (in 17 reaction vessels). A diastereospecific osmylation process has been employed as a key step to convert indole 18 into spirocyclic oxindole 19. Mechanistic studies of the stereoselective osmylation of the 2,3-indole double bond of indole alkaloids has been carried Out. Compelling evidence for the intramolecular delivery of OsO(4) via N(b)-complexation was obtained for the osmylation process. The correct structure of (+)-alstonisine (1) was determined by NOE spectroscopic experiments and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. C1 [Yang, Jie; Wearing, Xiangyu Z.; Cookery, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Le QUesne, Philip W.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cookery, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA [Y1-DA6002] FX X-ray crystal lographic studies were supported under NIDA contact Y1-DA6002. We thank J. Flippen-Anderson and the Office of Naval Research for the crystal structure of 1, as well as NIDA and NIMH, for support of this work. This paper is dedicated to Professor Attaur-Rahman for his seminal contributions to natural products chemistry. NR 68 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1431 EP 1440 DI 10.1021/np800269k PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 340HY UT WOS:000258637900020 PM 18611051 ER PT J AU Kerman, MC Jiang, W Blumberg, AF Buttrey, SE AF Kerman, M. C. Jiang, W. Blumberg, A. F. Buttrey, S. E. TI A comparison of robust metamodels for the uncertainty quantification (UQ) of New York Harbor oceanographic data SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB This research demonstrates an innovative technique for the uncertainty quantification (UQ) of geophysical data using robust metamodels. Using salinity data supplied by the New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS), five metrics are compared for seven different UQ methods. Metrics include covariance, correlation, mean error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percent error. The seven UQ methods include a compromised data set (as the control case), two time-series models (moving average and auto-regression), two regression models (LOESS regression and quantile regression), Bayesian Gaussian Process modelling, and Kalman filtering. Upon examining the metrics computed for a set of 35 random sensors (out of the population of 735 sensors) over a five day period, the quantile regression metamodel is found to be superior to the other methods. C1 [Kerman, M. C.] Lockheed Martin MS2, Moorestown, NJ USA. [Jiang, W.] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Blumberg, A. F.] Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Maritime Syst, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Buttrey, S. E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kerman, MC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin MS2, Moorestown, NJ USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 509KD UT WOS:000271014000002 ER PT J AU Harris, EB Booher, K Flotten, AS AF Harris, Eric B. Booher, Kermit Flotten, Andrew S. TI Delayed femoral shaft fracture secondary to nail gun injury: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE nail gun; delayed fracture ID VELOCITY GUNSHOT WOUNDS; HAND AB Nail gun injuries are common workplace occurrences among construction workers; however, delayed fractures of the femur after a nail gun injury are not found in the medical literature. We report the case of a patient who presented with such a fracture 3 days after accidentally firing a nail into his thigh. The patient was taken to the operating room for intramedullary nailing, irrigation and debridement, and antibiotic beads. Standard postoperative hospital care was provided, and after 2 days of intravenous antibiotics, the patient was returned to the operating room for removal of the antibiotic beads and a delayed primary closure. At the most recent follow-up, over I year postinjury, he had radiographic healing and was asymptomatic. Although it is difficult to predict whether the stress riser created by a nail gun injury will lead to a fracture, weight-bearing status and the aggressiveness of treatment to prevent infection are factors that need to be carefully considered in patients with this type of injury. C1 [Harris, Eric B.; Booher, Kermit; Flotten, Andrew S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Harris, EB (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ebharris@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 7 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 334SI UT WOS:000258241100012 PM 18670293 ER PT J AU Petilon, J Hardenbrook, M Sukovich, W AF Petilon, Julio Hardenbrook, Mitchell Sukovich, William TI The effect of parallax on intraoperative positioning of the Charite' artificial disc SO JOURNAL OF SPINAL DISORDERS & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE total disc replacement; fluoroscopy; parallax; disc position; surgical technique; intraoperative imaging; lumbar spine ID CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; REPLACEMENT; ARTHROPLASTY; ACCURACY AB Study Design: Fluoroscopy imaging evaluation for total disc arthroplasty. Objectives: To describe the effect of fluoroscopic parallax on the relative position of the Charite and identify the most reliable method for evaluating intraoperative disc position. Summary of Background Data: Results of the Investigational Device Exemption study revealed that clinical outcomes of the Charite artificial disc correlated with accurate placement of the prosthesis. This is the first study to quantitatively evaluate the technique of intraoperative fluoroscopy during positioning of an artificial lumbar disc. Methods: A Charite artificial disc (DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA) was implanted at the L5-S1 disc space of a radiopaque lumbar spine model in ideal position. A true anteroposterior fluoroscopic image of the L5-S1 disc space was obtained as were additional images as the central ray was moved to the left and right in 1 cm increments and with rotation at 1, 2, and 3 degrees. Images were also evaluated on a poorly placed and minimally displaced disc. Measurements of the distances from the middle tooth of the endplates to the anatomic center (spinous process) and alternative measurements for evaluating disc position were examined from computer-enhanced images. Results: An ideally placed prosthesis appeared more displaced with increasing rotation and distance of the C-arm away from center when the spinous process was used as the midline reference. As little as 3 degrees of rotation of the fluoroscopic ray from the true anteroposterior image, made an ideally placed disc appear in poor position. Conversely, a poorly placed disc seemed to be in ideal position. Calculated displacement using measurements off the vertebral bodies remained more constant. Calculated displacement of an ideally placed prosthesis fell within 2 mm whereas all poorly placed discs had calculated differences greater than 4 mm. Conclusions: The spinous process is an unreliable anatomic midline marker. In contrast, the borders of the vertebral bodies can more reliably be used to calculate the displacement of the prosthesis from centerline to determine prosthesis position. Fluoroscopic parallax can cause an ideally placed prosthesis to appear more displaced with increasing rotation and distance away from the true anteroposterior image. The spinous process was determined to be an unreliable midline marker. The vertebral borders provided a more dependable anatomic reference point to establish the disc-space midline. C1 [Petilon, Julio; Hardenbrook, Mitchell; Sukovich, William] USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Petilon, Julio; Hardenbrook, Mitchell; Sukovich, William] USN, Med Corps, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Sukovich, William] Spinal Surg Associates PLC, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Petilon, J (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM juliopetilon@hotmail.com FU The Chief, Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program FX The Chief, Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program sponsored this study (P06-037). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, of the United States Government. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1536-0652 J9 J SPINAL DISORD TECH JI J. Spinal Disord. Tech. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 21 IS 6 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31815708a6 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 337UN UT WOS:000258461100009 PM 18679098 ER PT J AU Summers, JE AF Summers, Jason E. TI What exactly is meant by the term "auralization?" SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Summers, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7142, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Summers, Jason/K-3142-2012 OI Summers, Jason/0000-0002-9247-7900 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 124 IS 2 BP 697 EP 697 DI 10.1121/1.2945708 PG 1 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 334OG UT WOS:000258230500010 PM 18681507 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Means, SL Szymczak, WG Rogers, JCW AF Chen, Xuemei Means, Steven L. Szymczak, William G. Rogers, Joel C. W. TI Coupled hydrodynamic-acoustic modeling of sound generated by impacting cylindrical water jets SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WAVES; AMBIENT NOISE; AIR ENTRAINMENT; BUBBLE CLOUDS; VOID-FRACTION; OCEAN; SPECTRA; SURFACE; FIELD; SALT AB A coupled hydrodynamic-acoustic model describing acoustic propagation in a fluid containing multiple bubbles is proposed and applied to simulate noise generated by impacting water jets. The total pressure is decomposed into a "hydrodynamic" part and an "acoustic" part and computed using different schemes. The hydrodynamic pressure field is calculated independently using a generalized hydrodynamic model, and the pressure variations serve as sources in the wave equation for the acoustic pressure. A numerical algorithm developed to calculate wave propagation in an irregular region is used to account for the existence of the cavities. Noise generated by the impact of two cylindrical water jets is predicted. The computed near-field pressure is compared with the experimental data. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Chen, Xuemei; Means, Steven L.; Szymczak, William G.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rogers, Joel C. W.] Polytech Univ, Dept Math, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xuemeichn@yahoo.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 124 IS 2 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1121/1.2936366 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 334OG UT WOS:000258230500025 PM 18681576 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Dey, S AF Romano, Anthony J. Bucaro, Joseph A. Dey, Saikat TI Defect detection and localization in orthotropic wood slabs by inversion of dynamic surface displacements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLATES AB The nondestructive evaluation inversion and generalized force-mapping techniques developed and demonstrated for isotropic thin plates by Bucaro [(2004). "Detection and localization of inclusions in plates using inversion of point actuated surface displacements," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 201-206] are extended to the case of orthotropic plates. The extended techniques are applied to a finite-element generated numerical database for point excited wooden slabs with and without an internal defect at 5 and 10 kHz. Operation of the original isotropic algorithms on the wood surface displacements is shown to fail in recovering the uniform elastic parameters or in detecting and locating the defect. The new algorithms based on the wave equation for a thin, orthotropic plate successfully convert the surface displacements on the uniform wooden slab to elastic parameter maps which serve to detect and localize the defect in the flawed plate. The results, particularly at the higher frequency, indicate that the onset of failure in the thin plate approximation impacts both the inversion and the generalized force-mapping accuracy. However, in this case use of the inversion algorithm to obtain modified wave equation coefficients followed by operation of the force-mapping algorithm with these new parameters inserted is shown to successfully mitigate this effect. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Bucaro, Joseph A.] SET Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Romano, Anthony J.] USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dey, Saikat] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), SET Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM bucaro@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 124 IS 2 BP 918 EP 925 DI 10.1121/1.2945706 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 334OG UT WOS:000258230500033 PM 18681584 ER PT J AU Funk, DJ Luian, E Moretti, EW Davies, J Young, CC Patel, MB Vaslef, SN AF Funk, Duane J. Luian, Eugenio Moretti, Eugene W. Davies, John Young, Christopher C. Patel, Mayur B. Vaslef, Steven N. TI A brief report: The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for severe pulmonary contusion SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 16-20, 2007 CL Ft Myers, FL SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE high frequency oscillatory ventilation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; pulmonary contusion; linear mixed model ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL VENTILATION; FLAIL CHEST; TRAUMA PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; TRIAL; RECRUITMENT; ADULTS; ARDS AB Background: Severe pulmonary contusions are a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and are associated with significant morbidity. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a ventilatory mode that employs a lung protective strategy consistent with the ARDSNet low tidal volume ventilation strategy and may result in reduced morbidity. The objective of this report is to examine the impact of HFOV on blunt trauma patients with severe pulmonary contusions who failed or were at a high risk of failing conventional mechanical ventilation. Methods: We undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients at our institution who received HFOV for severe pulmonary contusions. Patients were placed on HFOV when their mean airway pressure (mP(aw)) surpassed 30 cm H(2)O and their FIO(2) was greater than 0.6. Baseline demographic data including injury severity score (ISS), length of time requiring HFOV, total ventilator days, and inhospital mortality were collected. Serial determinations of oxygenation index (OI) and the PAO(2)/FIO(2) ratio (P/F) were made up to 72 hours after initiation of HFOV. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the slope (beta) of the regression line of P/F versus time and that of OI versus time. Results: Seventeen patients were identified who underwent HFOV for ARDS due primarily to pulmonary contusions. Mean ISS was 36.6, mean APACHE II score was 21.7, and the mean time before initiation of HFOV was 2.0 days. P/F increased significantly after HFOV was initiated (beta = 12. 1; 95 % confidence interval 7.9 to 16.4,p < 0.001). OI significantly decreased after HFOV implementation beta = -1.8; 95% confidence interval -2.3 to -1.3, p < 0.001). Mortality rate was 17.6%. Conclusions: The early use of HFOV appears to be safe and efficacious in blunt trauma patients sustaining pulmonary contusions, and results in a rapid improvement in OI and the P/F ratio. C1 [Patel, Mayur B.; Vaslef, Steven N.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Trauma & Crit Care, Div Gen Surg,Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Funk, Duane J.; Moretti, Eugene W.; Young, Christopher C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Crit Care Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Luian, Eugenio] USN, Div Crit Care Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Davies, John] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Vaslef, SN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Trauma & Crit Care, Div Gen Surg,Dept Surg, Box 102345, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM vasle001@mc.duke.edu RI Patel, Mayur/K-2363-2013 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817f283f PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 337US UT WOS:000258461600031 PM 18695477 ER PT J AU Devlin, JJ Platt, GW Dabulis, SA AF Devlin, John J. Platt, Gerald W. Dabulis, Stephanie A. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter ID CENTRAL VENOUS-PRESSURE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; VASOPRESSIN; ULTRASOUND; RESUSCITATION C1 [Devlin, John J.; Platt, Gerald W.; Dabulis, Stephanie A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Devlin, JJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 337US UT WOS:000258461600061 PM 18695497 ER PT J AU Cooper, DE L'Esperance, JO Christman, MS Auge, BK AF Cooper, Daniel E. L'Esperance, James O. Christman, Matthew S. Auge, Brian K. TI Testis cancer: A 20-year epidemiological review of the experience at a regional military medical facility SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; neoplasms; germ cell and embryonal; testicular neoplasms; epidemiology; military personnel ID TESTICULAR CANCER; PERSONNEL AB Purpose: Testis cancer is the most common solid malignancy in the young adult population and the incidence in this population is increasing. We present a 20-year epidemiological review of testis cancers treated at our institution. Materials and Methods: The records of testis cancer cases diagnosed between January 1988 and June 2007 were reviewed. Patient demographics, cancer histology and stage, adjuvant therapy, temporal trends and survival data are presented. Our experience was compared to trends published in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database and the National Cancer Database. Results: A total of 338 testis cancers (330 germ cell tumors) were diagnosed during the study period. Median patient age at diagnosis was 26.6 years vs 34 in the SEER database. We observed a temporal increase in stage I tumors (57% to 75%) and a decrease in the proportion of seminomas (52% to 43%) during the study period. In terms of adjuvant therapy for stage I seminoma the use of radiotherapy decreased (91% to 75%), while the use of chemotherapy increased (1.5% to 7.5%). For stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors the use of adjuvant chemotherapy increased (12% to 20%), while the use of staging retroperitoneal lymph node dissection decreased (88% to 63%). Five-year cancer specific survival was 97.7%. Conclusions: We are seeing an increase in localized disease at diagnosis, an increase in surveillance for stage I disease and 5-year survival in excess of 95%, similar to data in SEER and the National Cancer Database. However, unlike in SEER and the National Cancer Database, our patients are younger, we are seeing less seminoma and we are performing significantly more staging retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. C1 [Cooper, Daniel E.; L'Esperance, James O.; Christman, Matthew S.; Auge, Brian K.] USN Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Cooper, DE (reprint author), USN Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM daniel.e.cooper@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 180 IS 2 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.032 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 325LE UT WOS:000257589600052 PM 18554661 ER PT J AU Libove, JM Illingworth, BR Chacko, SJ Levitt, HL AF Libove, Joel M. Illingworth, Brendan R. Chacko, Steven J. Levitt, Hal L. TI Monolithic sampler/pulser architecture exceeds 100 GHz SO MICROWAVE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Ultra-fast 100 GHz electrical sampling gates ("samplers") with, aperture widths of 7 picoseconds, and pulse generators ("pulsers"),with usable output energy extending to over 150 GHz, have both recently been. demonstrated using a new, low-cost, fully monolithic "Rapid Automatic Cascode Exchange" (RACE) IC circuit architecture. I These samplers, cast in Indium Phosphide (InP) DHBT and SiGe HBT IC processes, achieve comparable bandwidths to expensive hybrid sample/pulser approaches, but with higher repetition rate and greatly reduced cost, size and power This circuit architecture's minute size further allows integration of multiple inherently-matched samplers and pulsers on a single IC, enabling small, low-cost microwave system. solutions in ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, radar, satellite up- and down-conversion, network/spectrum analysis and spectroscopy, direct RF synthesis and acquisition, time-gated imaging and near zero-cost physical layer (PHY) analysis integrated into networking chips. C1 [Libove, Joel M.; Illingworth, Brendan R.; Chacko, Steven J.] Furaw Inc, Orinda, CA USA. [Levitt, Hal L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Libove, JM (reprint author), Furaw Inc, Orinda, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA SN 0192-6225 J9 MICROWAVE J JI Microw. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 86 EP + PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 344EE UT WOS:000258908100016 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, Clifford M. TI Dear Nancy SO MICROWAVES & RF LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cliff.krowne@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PENTON MEDIA, INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1300 E 9TH ST., STE 262D, CLEVELAND, OH 44114 USA SN 0745-2993 J9 MICROWAVES RF JI Microw. RF PD AUG PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 338GR UT WOS:000258495000001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Markham, AE Reis, JP Padilla, GA Potterat, EG Drummond, SPA Mujica-Parodi, LR AF Taylor, Marcus K. Markham, Amanda E. Reis, Jared P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean P. A. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. TI Physical fitness influences stress reactions to extreme military training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENTATE GYRUS; EXERCISE; TRAUMA; DISORDER; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; VULNERABILITY; NEUROGENESIS; DEPRESSION; HARDINESS AB Background: Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance and reducing risk of injury in the warfighter. It is not known whether physical fitness plays a causal role in attenuating acute military stress reactions or the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical fitness influences the impact of stressful events during military survival training in 31 men. Methods: Participants self-reported their most recent Physical Readiness Test scores and completed a trait anxiety measure before survival training. Participants also completed the Impact of Events Scale (IES) 24 hours after training. Results: Aerobic fitness was inversely associated with the total IES score (p < 0.01, adjusted R-2 = 0.19). When adjusted for trait anxiety, this relationship was substantially attenuated and no longer significant (p = 0.11). Trait anxiety was inversely associated with aerobic fitness (p < 0.05) and positively related to IES (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Physical fitness may buffer stress symptoms secondary to extreme military stress and its effects may be mediated via fitness-related attenuations in trait anxiety. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Padilla, Genieleah A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, Stress Physiol Res Core, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, Stress Physiol Res Core, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Award [Award N0001406WX20141]; Center for Security Forces-SERE West (San Diego, CA) FX The source of funding for this work was Office of Naval Research Award N0001406WX20141. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research.; Appreciation is extended to Michelle Stoia for editorial expertise and to Sue Sobanski for fiscal expertise. Special appreciation is also extended to the students and staff at the Helicopter Squadron 10, Helicopter Squadron 41, and the Naval Special Warfare Center, San Diego, California. Finally, we wish to thank Center for Security Forces-SERE West (San Diego, CA) for support of our research and for "training the best for the worst." NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 738 EP 742 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300005 PM 18751589 ER PT J AU Lee, R Crum-Cianflone, N AF Lee, Rachel Crum-Cianflone, Nancy TI Increasing incidence and severity of coccidioidomycosis at a naval air station SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Coccidiodomycosis CY AUG 23-26, 2006 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Coccidiodomycos Study Grp, Vally Fever Ctr Excellence, Univ Calf San Diego HO Stanford Univ ID IMMITIS-ENDEMIC AREA; SYMPTOMATIC COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAK; ARIZONA; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Increasing rates of coccidioidomycosis among the general population are being described. Given the large number of military personnel stationed and training in endemic areas, data regarding infection trends among military members would be informative. Methods: We performed a retrospective epidemiological study concerning the incidence and severity of clinical cases of coccidioidomycosis at a naval base located in an endemic area in California. Results: Eighty-two military beneficiaries at the base were diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis from January 2002 to December 2006. Among active duty personnel, the rate of coccidioidomycosis rose 10-fold during the 5-year study period: 29.88 to 313.71 cases per 100,000 person-years. The incidence of coccidioidal infections occurring in active duty members was higher than other military beneficiaries at the base. The median age of patients with a coccidioidal infection was 28 years, and 73% were male. Sixty-six had primary pulmonary disease and 14 had disseminated disease; data were unavailable for two cases. The number of disseminated cases increased significantly over time; by 2006, 30% of the diagnosed cases were disseminated disease. Among cases of dissemination, 43% occurred among Caucasian/non-Hispanics. Disseminated disease was associated with high complement fixation titers and a more recent year of diagnosis. Although the sample size was small, we found no differences in rates of disseminated disease by race, likely due to the large number of cases among Caucasians. Conclusions: Coccidioidomycosis incidence rates have significantly increased during the last 5 years among military beneficiaries. Active duty members were more likely to develop coccidioidomycosis than dependents or retirees, perhaps related to the number and intensity of exposures in this group. C1 [Lee, Rachel] USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Lemoore Naval Air Stn, Lemoore, CA USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lee, R (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Lemoore Naval Air Stn, Lemoore, CA USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300011 PM 18751595 ER PT J AU Plurad, D Blaschke, G Jones, S Pfeiffer, J AF Plurad, David Blaschke, Gregoty Jones, Shari Pfeiffer, James TI A case of malignant hyperthermia in a child encountered during a humanitarian assistance mission to the Philippines SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Potentially fatal operating room events have become largely preventable with advances in anesthesia and surgical technique. Nonetheless, some lethal emergencies remain unpredictable and can occur whenever general anesthesia is given. We describe a case of malignant hyperthermia encountered and treated during surgical operations concurrent with an overseas humanitarian assistance mission. This case highlights the clinical diversity of malignant hyperthemia as well as the importance of preparation for any potential adverse event wherever trigger agents may be used from the mundane to exotic locales. C1 [Plurad, David] LAC, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Plurad, David] USC, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Blaschke, Gregoty] USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Jones, Shari] USN Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Pfeiffer, James] 3rd Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Plurad, D (reprint author), LAC, Dept Surg, 1200 N State St,Room 6341, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 805 EP 808 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300018 PM 18751602 ER PT J AU Santiago, C Lucha, PA AF Santiago, Camilo Lucha, Paul A. TI Atypical presentation of a retrorectal ancient schwannoma: A case report and review of the literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMORS; RETROPERITONEAL AB Retrorectal tumors are rare and frequently present either incidentally or with vague symptoms. Schwannomas of the presacral region are one variant described as benign tumors of neurogenic origin. The "ancient degenerative variant" is uncommonly reported. We present the case of a 37-year-old man presenting with symptoms of left renal colic, impotence, and left trochanteric pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed a presacral mass with cystic changes and calcifications consistent with a schwannoma. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with resection of the tumor, which subsequent analysis showed to be a schwannoma with ancient degenerative changes. C1 [Santiago, Camilo] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Lucha, Paul A.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Santiago, C (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 814 EP 816 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300020 PM 18751604 ER PT J AU Musgrave, KD Davis, CA Montgomery, MT AF Musgrave, K. D. Davis, C. A. Montgomery, M. T. TI Numerical simulations of the formation of Hurricane Gabrielle (2001) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LIVED MESOCONVECTIVE VORTICES; TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; DIANA 1984; PART II; CYCLOGENESIS; ENVIRONMENT; GENESIS AB This study examines the formation of Hurricane Gabrielle ( 2001), focusing on whether an initial disturbance and vertical wind shear were favorable for development. This examination is performed by running numerical experiments using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Gabrielle is chosen as an interesting case to study since it formed in the subtropics only a few days before making landfall in Florida. Three simulations are run: a control run and two sensitivity experiments. The control run is compared with observations to establish the closeness of the model output to Gabrielle's observed formation. The two sensitivity experiments are designed to test the response of the developing tropical cyclone to alterations in the initial conditions. The first sensitivity experiment removes the initial ( or precursor) disturbance, a midtropospheric vortex located over Florida. The second sensitivity experiment reduces the vertical wind shear over the area of formation. The control run produces a system comparable to Gabrielle. The convection in the control run is consistently located downshear of the center of circulation. In the first sensitivity experiment, with the removal of the initial disturbance, no organized system develops. This indicates the importance of the midtropospheric vortex in Gabrielle's formation. The second sensitivity experiment, which reduces the vertical wind shear over the area of Gabrielle's formation, produces a system that can be identified as Gabrielle. This system, however, is weaker than both the control run and the observations of Gabrielle. This study provides direct evidence of a favorable influence of modest vertical wind shear on the formation of a tropical cyclone in this case. C1 [Musgrave, K. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davis, C. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Musgrave, KD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kate@atmos.coostate.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 8 BP 3151 EP 3167 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2110.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 337QN UT WOS:000258450700019 ER PT J AU Parameswaran, AD Provencher, MT Bach, BR Verma, N Romeo, AA AF Parameswaran, A. Dushi Provencher, Matthew T. Bach, Bernard R., Jr. Verma, Nikhil Romeo, Anthony A. TI Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament: Injury pattern and arthroscopic repair techniques SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY; HAGL LESION; RECURRENT DISLOCATION; BANKART; JOINT; CAPSULE C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Parameswaran, A. Dushi; Bach, Bernard R., Jr.; Verma, Nikhil; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Ste 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 8 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 336DB UT WOS:000258343400009 PM 18714772 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Feng, SM AF Halterman, Klaus Feng, Simin TI Resonant transmission of electromagnetic fields through subwavelength zero-epsilon slits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION AB We theoretically investigate the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a metal plate with a zero-e metamaterial slit, where the permittivity tends towards zero over a given bandwidth. Our analytic results demonstrate that the transmission coefficient can be substantial for a broad range of slit geometries, including subwavelength widths that are many wavelengths long. This resonant effect has features quite unlike the Fabry-Perot-like resonances that have been observed in conductors with deep channels. We further reveal that ultranarrow zero-c channels can have significantly greater transmission compared to slits with no wave impedance difference across them. C1 [Halterman, Klaus; Feng, Simin] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 FU NAVAIR's ILIR program; ARSC at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks FX This work was supported by NAVAIR's ILIR program sponsored by ONR and by a grant of HPC resources from ARSC at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, as part of the DOD HPCMP. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 021805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.021805 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 349EF UT WOS:000259263400021 ER PT J AU Battaglia, C Aebi, P Erwin, SC AF Battaglia, Corsin Aebi, Philipp Erwin, Steven C. TI Stability and structure of atomic chains on Si(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO THEORY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; SILICON; METALS; MODEL AB We study the stability and structure of self-assembled atomic chains on Si(111) induced by monovalent, divalent, and trivalent adsorbates, using first-principles total-energy calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that only structures containing exclusively silicon honeycomb or silicon Seiwatz chains are thermodynamically stable, while mixed configurations, with both honeycomb and Seiwatz chains, may be kinetically stable. C1 [Battaglia, Corsin; Aebi, Philipp] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Battaglia, C (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM corsin.battaglia@unine.ch RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Battaglia, Corsin/B-2917-2010 FU Fonds National Suisse pour la Recherche Scientifique through Division II; MaNEP; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX We thank Franz J. Himpsel for stimulating discussions. The help of Leslie-Anne Fendt, Samuel Hoffmann, Claude Monney, and Christoph Walther is gratefully acknowledged. Skillful technical assistance was provided by our workshop and electric engineering team. This work was supported by the Fonds National Suisse pour la Recherche Scientifique through Division II, MaNEP, and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at ASC. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 7 AR 075409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.075409 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 351EG UT WOS:000259406700090 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Johannes, MD Boeri, L Koepernik, K Singh, DJ AF Mazin, I. I. Johannes, M. D. Boeri, L. Koepernik, K. Singh, D. J. TI Problems with reconciling density functional theory calculations with experiment in ferropnictides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSTABILITY; ORDER AB First-principles calculations of magnetic and, to a lesser extent, electronic properties of the LaFeAsO-based superconductors show substantial apparent controversy, as opposed to most weakly or strongly correlated materials. Not only do different reports disagree about quantitative values but there is also a schism in terms of interpreting the basic physics of the magnetic interactions in this system. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis using four different first-principles methods and show that while there is an unusual sensitivity to computational details, well-converged full-potential all-electron results are fully consistent among themselves. What makes results so sensitive and the system so different from simple local magnetic moments interacting via basic superexchange mechanisms is the itinerant character of the calculated magnetic ground state, where very soft magnetic moments and long-range interactions are characterized by a particular structure in the reciprocal (as opposed to real) space. Therefore, unravelling the magnetic interactions in their full richness remains a challenging but utterly important task. C1 [Mazin, I. I.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boeri, L.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Koepernik, K.] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6693, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Boeri, Lilia/B-6162-2015 OI Boeri, Lilia/0000-0003-1186-2207 FU Office of Naval Research; BES, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Department of Energy FX Work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Work at ORNL was supported by the BES, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Department of Energy. We would like to thank S. Massida for alerting us to a crucial error in one of our figures. NR 40 TC 286 Z9 292 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 8 AR 085104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085104 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 351EI UT WOS:000259406900017 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Singh, DJ Johannes, MD Du, MH AF Mazin, I. I. Singh, D. J. Johannes, M. D. Du, M. H. TI Unconventional superconductivity with a sign reversal in the order parameter of LaFeAsO(1-x)F(x) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPIN-FLUCTUATION; YBA2CU3O7 AB We argue that the newly discovered superconductivity in a nearly magnetic, Fe-based layered compound is unconventional and mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, though different from the usual superexchange and specific to this compound. This resulting state is an example of extended s-wave pairing with a sign reversal of the order parameter between different Fermi surface sheets. The main role of doping in this scenario is to lower the density of states and suppress the pair-breaking ferromagnetic fluctuations. C1 [Mazin, I. I.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Singh, D. J.; Du, M. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; NR 14 TC 1747 Z9 1764 U1 23 U2 176 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 AR 057003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.057003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 336SK UT WOS:000258384700047 PM 18764420 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, Kevin L. Lau, Y. Y. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. TI Electron emission contributions to dark current and its relation to microscopic field enhancement and heating in accelerator structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; THERMIONIC EMISSION; VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN; CATHODES; PHOTOEMISSION; EMITTERS; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; MOLYBDENUM AB Analytically tractable models of thermal-field emission, field enhancement, and heating mechanisms ( Nottingham and resistive) are developed and combined to make estimates of the fields and temperatures that accompany the development and growth of asperities. The relation of asperity dimensions to dark current is discussed in two experimentally motivated examples. The hypothetical relation of microscopic sources of dark current and heating to breakdown is discussed in the context of Nottingham and resistive heating. The latter are estimated using a general thermal-field methodology. A point-charge model is used to find field enhancement factors. Last, a thermal model is used to estimate the temperature dependence of the resistivity and thermal conductivity. Together, these models suggest that conditions can arise in which the temperature at the apex of an asperity can experience growth and contribute to melting or fracture (or both), and that Nottingham heating generally dominates the resistive heating term. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 75 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 AR 081001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.081001 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 350LE UT WOS:000259353100002 ER PT J AU Colombant, D Manheimer, W AF Colombant, Denis Manheimer, Wallace TI The development of a Krook model for nonlocal transport in laser produced plasmas. II. Application of the theory and comparisons with other models SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT AB This paper incorporates the Krook model for nonlocal transport into a fluid simulation. It uses these fluid simulations to compare with Fokker-Planck simulations and also with a recent NRL NIKE [S. P. Obenschain et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2098 (1996)] experiment. The paper also examines several other models for electron energy transport that have been used in laser fusion research. With regards to the comparison with Fokker-Planck simulation, the Krook model gives better agreement, especially in the time asymptotic limit. With regards to the NRL experiment, all models except one give reasonable agreement. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Colombant, Denis; Manheimer, Wallace] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Colombant, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. FU U.S. DOE/NNSA FX We would like to thank Dr. Andy Schmitt and Dr. Jean Pierre Matte for useful discussions.; This work was supported by U.S. DOE/NNSA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 AR 083104 DI 10.1063/1.2963080 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 351TN UT WOS:000259448900057 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. TI Influence of prepulse plasma formation on neutron production from the laser-target interaction SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ION GENERATION; OVERDENSE PLASMAS; ABSORPTION; PULSE AB The interaction of an intense ultrashort pulse laser with a planar uniform target was studied with a two-dimensional relativistic electromagnetic particle-in-cell method to determine the acceleration of deuterons and production of neutrons. A Au-CD(2) double-layer planar target with thickness of similar to 1 mu m and a preplasma of variable length was used to generate high-energy deuterons as a precursor for neutron production. The deuteron energy and angular distributions and the neutron production from D(d,n)- (3)He nuclear fusion reactions were studied as a function of the preplasma scale length and target thickness. For very thin (submicron) targets the preplasma increases the neutron yield only marginally, but for realistic targets with thickness of a few microns the preplasma enhances the neutron yield by two orders of magnitude. Both the average deuteron energy and neutron yield peak at an optimum preplasma scale length L(P)(opt) approximate to 1/k(0) (k(0) laser wave vector), which is of the order of one inverse laser wave vector. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil; george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) under the ONR 6.1 program. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 AR 083107 DI 10.1063/1.2969437 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 351TN UT WOS:000259448900060 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W Colombant, D Goncharov, V AF Manheimer, Wallace Colombant, Denis Goncharov, Valeri TI The development of a Krook model for nonlocal transport in laser produced plasmas. I. Basic theory SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT; CONDUCTION; RADIATION AB This paper examines the Krook model as a means of quantifying the problem of nonlocal transport of electron energy in laser produced plasmas. The result is an expression for the nonlocal electron energy flux q. The roles of both flux limitation and preheat are clearly delineated. Furthermore, it develops a test for the validity of this model. This is a physics based, "first principles" model that can be economically incorporated into a fluid simulation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Manheimer, Wallace; Colombant, Denis] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Goncharov, Valeri] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), RSI Corp, NRL Plasma Phys Div, Landover, MD USA. RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 AR 083103 DI 10.1063/1.2963078 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 351TN UT WOS:000259448900056 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Mosher, D Commisso, RJ AF Swanekamp, S. B. Weber, B. V. Stephanakis, S. J. Mosher, D. Commisso, R. J. TI Bremsstrahlung target optimization for reflex triodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SOURCES; ION-BEAMS; DIODES; TRANSPORT; ENHANCEMENT; GENERATION; ELECTRONS; FLOW AB The anode (tantalum) foil thickness in a reflex triode was varied from 2.5 to 250 Am to maximize the dose from bremsstrahlung produced by a 1 MV, 1 MA, 100 ns electron beam. Experiments and computer simulations show that the dose is maximized for a foil thickness of about 25 Am, 1/18th of the electron range computed from the continuous slowing down approximation. For foils thicker than optimum, self-absorption in the foil attenuates 10-100 keV photons, reducing the dose. For foils thinner than optimum, the dose decreases as a result of electron migration to large radius. A simple formula that predicts the optimum thickness as a function of the beam current and voltage is derived that should be applicable to a large range of experimental parameters. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Swanekamp, S. B.; Weber, B. V.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Mosher, D.; Commisso, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Swanekamp, S. B.; Stephanakis, S. J.; Mosher, D.] L3 Commun, Reston, VA 22190 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6771, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steve.Swanekamp@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 AR 083105 DI 10.1063/1.2963090 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 351TN UT WOS:000259448900058 ER PT J AU Ratwani, RM Trafton, JG AF Ratwani, Raj M. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Shedding light on the graph schema: Perceptual features versus invariant structure SO PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MIXED BLOCKS; INFORMATION; TRIALS; TASK AB Most theories of graph comprehension posit the existence of a graph schema to account for people's prior knowledge of how to understand different graph types. The graph schema is, however, a purely theoretical construct: No empirical studies have explicitly examined the nature of the graph schema. We sought to determine whether graph schemas are based on perceptual features or on a common invariant structure shared between certain graph types. We isolated the process of activating the graph schema by presenting the graphs to participants in pure and mixed blocks. Any differences in reaction time between the blocks could be attributed to loading the appropriate schema. Results from a series of experiments using five types of graphs suggest that graph schemas are based on the graphical framework, a common invariant structure among certain types of graphs. These results provide insight into the comprehension of novel graphs. C1 [Ratwani, Raj M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ratwani, RM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rratwani@gmu.edu RI Ratwani, Raj/B-1375-2009 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1069-9384 EI 1531-5320 J9 PSYCHON B REV JI Psychon. Bull. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.3758/PBR.15.4.757 PG 6 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 341XI UT WOS:000258748500006 PM 18792501 ER PT J AU Joner, MD Woodall, WH Reynolds, MR Fricker, RD AF Joner, Michael D., Jr. Woodall, William H. Reynolds, Marion R., Jr. Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. TI A one-sided MEWMA chart for health surveillance SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE disease surveillance; one-sided control charts; monitoring; multivariate statistical process control; spatial correlation ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CONTROL SCHEMES; DISEASE; SYSTEMS AB It is often important to rapidly detect all increase in the incidence rate of a given disease or other medical condition. It has been shown that when disease counts are sequentially available from a single region, a univariate control chart designed to detect rate increases, such as a one-sided cumulative sum chart, is very affective. When disease counts are available from several regions at corresponding times, the most efficient monitoring method is not readily apparent. Multivariate monitoring methods have been suggested for dealing with this detection problem. Some of these approaches have shortcomings that have been recently demonstrated in the quality control literature. We discuss these limitations and suggest an alternative multivariate exponentially weighted moving average chart. We compare the average run-length performance of this chart with that of competing methods. We also evaluate the statistical performance of these charts when the actual increase ill the disease count rate is different from the one that the chart was optimized to detect quickly. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Joner, Michael D., Jr.] Procter & Gamble Co, Mason, OH 45040 USA. [Woodall, William H.; Reynolds, Marion R., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Reynolds, Marion R., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fricker, Ronald D., Jr.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Joner, MD (reprint author), 8700 S Mason Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040 USA. EM joner.md@pg.com RI Woodall, William/A-8094-2009 FU NSF [DMI-0354859]; Department of Statistics FX This research was partially supported by NSF grant DMI-0354859. Dr Joner acknowledges the Department of Statistics at Virginia Tech for providing faculty support and computing resources for this research. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-8017 EI 1099-1638 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 503 EP 518 DI 10.1002/qre.910 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 342GA UT WOS:000258771400002 ER PT J AU Romanyukha, A King, D Benevides, LA AF Romanyukha, Alex King, David Benevides, Luis A. TI EFFECT OF BACKGROUND RADIATION ON THE LOWER LIMIT OF DETECTION FOR EXTENDED DOSEMETER ISSUE PERIODS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY; LIF-MG,CU,P; IMPLEMENTATION; EXPOSURE; ROUTINE AB An extension of dosemeter issue period brings significant economic and logistic benefits. Therefore, it is desirable to have an extended period as long as possible without significant loss of the quality of dose measurements. There are many studies devoted to the investigation of fading or reduction of the dose accumulated in dosemeters with time. However, this is one of many critical factors that need's to be taken into account when extending the dosemeter issue period. Background radiation is also a critical factor that needs to be appropriately accounted. In this report, a new approach has been suggested for evaluating the effect of background radiation on the lower limit of detection (LLD) of occupational radiation dose. This approach is based on the data collected from control dosemeters that are routinely used for subtraction of background radiation from occupational dose measurements. The results show that for LiF:Mg, Cu, P thermoluminescence dosemeters, variations in background radiation have a higher impact on the LLD than dose fading and the absolute value of background radiation. Although there is no significant dose fading in LiF: Mg, Cu, P for a dosemeter issue period up to 1 y, variations in background radiation during this period of time can significantly increase photon LLDs (up to 700 mu Sv) for workers operating in an environment of variable radiation background. C1 [Romanyukha, Alex; King, David; Benevides, Luis A.] USN, US Naval Dosimetry Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), USN, US Naval Dosimetry Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aromanyukha@usuhs.mil FU U.S. Department of Defense FX The study was funded through U.S. Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 131 IS 2 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncn137 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 373PL UT WOS:000260984100004 PM 18448436 ER PT J AU Vikharev, A Gorbachev, A Ivanov, O Isaev, V Koldanov, V Kuzikov, S Hirshfield, J Gold, S AF Vikharev, A. L. Gorbachev, A. M. Ivanov, O. A. Isaev, V. A. Koldanov, V. A. Kuzikov, S. V. Hirshfield, J. L. Gold, S. H. TI Two-channel 100-MW microwave compressor for the three-centimeter wavelength range SO RADIOPHYSICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of the studies of a 100-megawatt active two-channel compressor of microwave pulses for the three-centimeter wavelength range. The compressors of the transit and reflector types are excited at the TE(01) mode of a circular waveguide, and the energy is output by using resonance plasma switches. The channels of the compressors are connected to a microwave oscillator and a load via a special quasioptical 3-dB directional coupler with enhanced electric strength. The use of the quasioptical coupler allows one to ensure the decoupling of the input microwave line (by about 20 dB) and combine coherently the pulses compressed in each of the compressor channel. High-and low-power tests of the compressors have been performed and the wave phase in the compressed pulses has been measured. The pulses obtained for an incident power of 5 MW have a power of 40-53 MW, a duration of 40-60 ns, and a power gain greater than 10. The compression efficiency amounts to 55%. The stability and good reproducibility of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the radiation from a two-channel compressor make it promising for use in the linear accelerators of charged particles. C1 [Vikharev, A. L.; Gorbachev, A. M.; Ivanov, O. A.; Isaev, V. A.; Koldanov, V. A.; Kuzikov, S. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Hirshfield, J. L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vikharev, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. EM val@appl.sci-nnov.ru FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05 08-50246] FX The authors are grateful to A. G. Litvak and M. I. Petelin for support and discussion of the obtained results. The work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research ( project No. 05 08-50246). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0033-8443 J9 RADIOPHYS QUANTUM EL JI Radiophys. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s11141-008-9065-z PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 382LJ UT WOS:000261607200002 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Dunand, DC AF Knipling, Keith E. Dunand, David C. TI Creep resistance of cast and aged Al-0.1Zr and Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys at 300-400 degrees C SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; zirconium; titanium; creep; precipitation strengthening ID ZR-TI ALLOYS; AL-ZR; PRECIPITATION EVOLUTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; METASTABLE PHASES; DISLOCATION CLIMB; THRESHOLD STRESS; AL(SC) ALLOYS; ALUMINUM; PARTICLES AB Cast and aged Al-0.1Zr and Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys, upon compressive creep deformation at 300-400 degrees C, exhibit threshold stresses attributable to climb-controlled bypass of coherent Al(3)Zr and Al(3)(Zri(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates. Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti exhibits a smaller threshold stress than Al-0.1Zr, which is attributed principally to a reduced lattice parameter mismatch between the Al(3)(Zr(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates and the matrix. The present alloys are less creep resistant than Al-Sc and Al-Sc-Zr/Ti alloys with similar precipitate radii and volume fractions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Knipling, Keith E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knipling, Keith E.; Dunand, David C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nr.navy.mil RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.059 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325VF UT WOS:000257615700004 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Willard, MA AF Goswami, R. Willard, M. A. TI Microstructure evolution in rapidly solidified ferromagnetic (Co0.95Fe0.05)(89)Zr7B4 nanocrystalline alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline; soft magnetic alloys; transmission electron microscopy; melt spinning ID SOFT-MAGNETIC-MATERIALS; PARTICLES; GOLD; NB AB Microstructure evolution and crystallization kinetics of a melt-spun (Fe0.05Co0.95)(89)Zr7B4 alloy are examined by several transmission electron microscopy techniques. The as-spun alloy shows a high density (similar to 10(24) m(-3)) of 2-4 nm diameter body-centered cubic(Co,Fe) grains embedded in an amorphous matrix, which act as nuclei for growth during primary crystallization. Phase formation and defect densities are presented for primary crystallized and in situ heated samples. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, R.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6355,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.04.030 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325VF UT WOS:000257615700023 ER PT J AU Melde, BJ Johnson, BJ Charles, PT AF Melde, Brian J. Johnson, Brandy J. Charles, Paul T. TI Mesoporous silicate materials in sensing SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE mesoporous; silica; organosilica; sensor ID CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; STABILIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID; AEROGEL THIN-FILMS; SOL-GEL MONOLITHS; TOXIC METAL-IONS; MESOSTRUCTURED SILICA; VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB Mesoporous silicas, especially those exhibiting ordered pore systems and uniform pore diameters, have shown great potential for sensing applications in recent years. Morphological control grants them versatility in the method of deployment whether as bulk powders, monoliths, thin films, or embedded in coatings. High surface areas and pore sizes greater than 2 nm make them effective as adsorbent coatings for humidity sensors. The pore networks also provide the potential for immobilization of enzymes within the materials. Functionalization of materials by silane grafting or through co-condensation of silicate precursors can be used to provide mesoporous materials with a variety of fluorescent probes as well as surface properties that aid in selective detection of specific analytes. This review will illustrate how mesoporous silicas have been applied to sensing changes in relative humidity, changes in pH, metal cations, toxic industrial compounds, volatile organic compounds, small molecules and ions, nitroenergetic compounds, and biologically relevant molecules. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Charles, Paul T.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melde, Brian J.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.melde.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil; paul.charles@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 163 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 18 U2 189 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5202 EP 5228 DI 10.3390/s8085202 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 342AP UT WOS:000258757300042 PM 27873810 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, CD Beebe, JM Naciri, J Kushmerick, JG van Zee, RD AF Zangmeister, Christopher D. Beebe, Jeremy M. Naciri, Jawad Kushmerick, James G. van Zee, Roger D. TI Controlling charge-carrier type in nanoscale junctions with linker chemistry SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE characterization; charge transport; junctions; self-assembled monolayers ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FERMI-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; CONJUGATED MOLECULES; CONTACT RESISTANCE; FORCE MICROSCOPY; WORK FUNCTION; GOLD; ELECTRONICS; TRANSPORT C1 [Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Beebe, Jeremy M.; Kushmerick, James G.; van Zee, Roger D.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naciri, Jawad] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 BP 1143 EP 1147 DI 10.1002/smll.200800359 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 339GP UT WOS:000258566400022 PM 18623298 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Maue, RN Bishop, CH AF Langland, Rolf H. Maue, Ryan N. Bishop, Craig H. TI Uncertainty in atmospheric temperature analyses SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; BIAS CORRECTION; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; RADIOSONDE; PREDICTION AB This report illustrates and quantifies the unanticipated large uncertainty and differences in tropospheric temperature analyses within current global operational forecast systems and historical re-analysis products. Results reveal that regional patterns of uncertainty in seasonally averaged and daily atmospheric upper-air temperature analyses are related to the irregular distribution of in situ and satellite observations. There is less uncertainty in analysed temperature where in situ radiosonde observations are plentiful, primarily over developed nations in the Northern Hemisphere, and more uncertainty over regions that are observed primarily by satellites with fewer in situ temperature observations, including oceanic areas, the cryosphere, and developing nations. The results suggest that operational weather forecasting and climate monitoring would benefit from an improved global observing network, including additional in situ components. There is also a need for progress in data assimilation to extract more information from the wealth of current and future satellite observations. C1 [Langland, Rolf H.; Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Maue, Ryan N.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rolf.langland@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00336.x PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 327AB UT WOS:000257700000003 ER PT J AU Chromik, RR Winfrey, AL Luning, J Nemanich, RJ Wahl, KJ AF Chromik, Richard. R. Winfrey, A. Leigh Luening, Jan Nemanich, Robert J. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Run-in behavior of nanocrystalline diamond coatings studied by in situ tribometry SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE diamond; friction; nanocrystalline diamond; in situ tribometry; wear; NEXAFS ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITIC CARBON; 3RD BODIES; FRICTION AB The friction performance of nanocrystalline diamond coatings was evaluated using in situ tribometry with sapphire counterfaces. Coatings were grown by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition in an Ar-H-CH(4) plasma, with H ranging from 0 to 36%. In situ examination of the sliding contact, combined with ex situ analysis of the sapphire counterface revealed that the velocity accommodation mode was interfacial sliding of a carbonaceous transfer film versus the coating wear track. For most tests, the contact diameter increased during the first 50 sliding cycles and then remained constant. The in situ measure of the contact diameter was found to correlate confidently to ex situ measurements of counterface wear. The performance of the diamond coatings, characterized by quick run-in to low friction was best when a small but detectable graphite peak was present in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile. The relative intensity of the XRD graphite peak was also found to directly correlate with the peak position of the C1s -> pi* transition as measured by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Increasing the relative amount of graphite-bonded sp(2) carbon in the NCD films decreased run-in cycles to low friction. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chromik, Richard. R.; Winfrey, A. Leigh; Nemanich, Robert J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Luening, Jan] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [Nemanich, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chromik, Richard. R.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 57 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 3-4 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2007.11.023 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 311KK UT WOS:000256598900026 ER PT J AU Campos, EJD Piola, AR Matano, RP Miller, JL AF Campos, Edmo J. D. Piola, Alberto R. Matano, Ricardo P. Miller, Jerry L. TI PLATA: A synoptic characterization of the southwest Atlantic shelf under influence of the Plata River and Patos Lagoon outflows SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTHERN BRAZIL C1 [Campos, Edmo J. D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Piola, Alberto R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, Alberto R.] Serv Hidalg Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Matano, Ricardo P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Jerry L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Miller, Jerry L.] Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Campos, EJD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Cidade Univ, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM edmo@io.usp.br RI Campos, edmo/G-6995-2012; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013 OI Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 13 BP 1551 EP 1555 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.007 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 333VD UT WOS:000258179900001 ER PT J AU Burrage, D Wesson, J Martinez, C Perez, T Moller, O Piola, A AF Burrage, Derek Wesson, Joel Martinez, Carlos Perez, Tabare Moller, Osmar, Jr. Piola, Alberto TI Patos Lagoon outflow within the Rio de la Plata plume using an airborne salinity mapper: Observing an embedded plume SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea water; salinity; surface temperature; ocean circulation; river plumes; oceanic fronts; microwave remote sensing ID BUOYANT COASTAL DISCHARGES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER PLUME; WIND; CIRCULATION; EVENT; FATE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS AB Major river systems discharging into continental shelf waters frequently form buoyant coastal currents that propagate along the continental shelf in the direction of coastal trapped wave propagation (with the coast on the right/left, in the northern/southern hemisphere). The combined flow of the Uruguay and Parana Rivers, which discharges freshwater into the Rio de la Plata estuary (Lat. similar to 36 degrees S), often gives rise to a buoyant coastal current (the 'Plata plume') that extends northward along the continental shelf off Uruguay and Southern Brazil. Depending upon, the prevailing rainfall, wind and tidal conditions, the Patos/Mirim Lagoon complex (Lat. similar to 32 degrees S) may also produce a freshwater outflow plume that expands across the inner continental shelf. Under these circumstances the Patos outflow plume can be embedded in temperature, salinity and current fields that are strongly influenced by the larger Plata plume. The purpose of this paper is to present observations of such an embedded plume structure and to determine the dynamical characteristics of the ambient and embedded plumes. We describe selected results of coincident airborne remote sensing and shipboard in-situ surveys of the salinity distribution and extent of the Plata and Patos/Mirim Lagoon plumes conducted under contrasting winter (2003) and summer (2004) conditions. The surveys were carried out in the context of a comprehensive multi-disciplinary study of the Plata plume and its response to prevailing seasonal weather conditions. The objective was to map the surface salinity distribution of the Plata plume at synoptic scales under representative winter and summer conditions. Additionally, the airborne survey included finer-scale mapping of specific features including the Rio de Plata estuarine front and the Patos Lagoon plume, with the objective of determining the distribution and behavior of the plumes in the estuaries and on the continental shelf. The airborne survey was conducted with art aircraft carrying an infrared and Microwave radiometer system, the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Salinity, Temperature and Roughness Remote Scanner (STARRS). A series of broad-scale flights over the continental shelf off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil were made using STARRS to determine the spatial extent of the Plata plume, and detailed mapping flights were undertaken in the vicinity of Rio de la Plata Estuary and Patos/Mirim outflows to observe associated frontal features. The results of the airborne surveys were compared with shipboard hydrographic data obtained from a conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) profiler. The combined ship and aircraft data were used to estimate parameters of dynamical classification schemes. These schemes were used to characterize the gross behavior and dynamics of the ambient Plata plume and embedded Patos plume. The Plata plume was highly asymmetric with along-shelf development towards the north and it behaved dynamically like a buoyant coastal boundary current, with an approximately geostrophic across-shelf momentum balance. The Patos plume, on the other hand, maintained its integrity as a relatively symmetric, ageostrophic, frictionally dominated plume with significant across-shelf, and modest along-shelf, development. The dynamical implications of the embedding of the smaller scale Patos plume within the larger-scale ambient Plata plume were explored, and it was concluded that the ambient plume could exert a significant dynamical influence on the behavior of the embedded plume. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burrage, Derek; Wesson, Joel] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Martinez, Carlos] Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, Secc Oceanol, PCMYA, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Perez, Tabare] CITMPSA, Div Invest & Desarrollo, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Moller, Osmar, Jr.] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Piola, Alberto] Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Burrage, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM burrage@nrlssc.navy.mil; carmar@glaucus.fcien.edu.uy; tabare@montepaz.com.uy; dfsomj@furg.br; apiola@hidro.gov.ar RI Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013 OI Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 13 BP 1625 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.014 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 333VD UT WOS:000258179900007 ER PT J AU Fricker, RD Hegler, BL Dunfee, DA AF Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. Hegler, Benjamin L. Dunfee, David A. TI Comparing syndromic surveillance detection methods: EARS' versus a CUSUM-based methodology SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE syndromic surveillance; biosurveillance; early aberration reporting system; CUSUM ID BIOSURVEILLANCE AB This paper compares the performance of three detection methods, entitled C1, C2, and C3, that are implemented in the early aberration reporting system (EARS) and other syndromic surveillance systems versus the CUSUM applied to model-based prediction errors. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) performed significantly better than the EARS' methods across all of the scenarios we evaluated. These scenarios consisted of various combinations of large and small background disease incidence rates, seasonal cycles from large to small (as well as no cycle), daily effects, and various types and levels of random daily variation. This leads us to recommend replacing the C1, C2, and C3 methods in existing syndromic surveillance systems with an appropriately implemented CUSUM method. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fricker, Ronald D., Jr.; Hegler, Benjamin L.; Dunfee, David A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fricker, RD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdfricker@nps.edu NR 37 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 17 BP 3407 EP 3429 DI 10.1002/sim.3197 PG 23 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 332HS UT WOS:000258074700012 PM 18240128 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI US military service members vaccinated against smallpox in 2003 and 2004 experience a slightly higher risk of hospitalization postvaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; military medicine; hospitalization; myocarditis ID JANUARY-OCTOBER 2003; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; MILLENNIUM COHORT; ARMED-FORCES; FOLLOW-UP; PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH AB This study explores adverse events severe enough to warrant hospitalization that may have been associated with receiving the smallpox vaccine in conjunction with military service. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk of hospitalization among US active-duty military personnel during a 1-year period following receipt of the smallpox vaccine. The reference group consisted of active-duty military personnel who also received the smallpox vaccine after the conclusion of their health care observation period, allowing for comparison to a temporally and demographically similar population. The risk of hospitalization was slightly elevated among the postvaccine group for any-cause hospitalization and for hospitalization in several broad diagnostic categories. Hospitalizations for asthma, autoimmune diseases, and myopericarditis, were more likely in the postvaccine group. The increased risk of hospitalization for varied outcomes does not necessarily imply a cause-effect relationship, but it does offer areas for more focused study, using longitudinal data to explore the long-term impact of smallpox vaccination on the health of young adults. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Defense [60002] FX We thank Scott L. Seggerman and Greg D. Boyd from the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey Bay, California. We also thank Dr. Ava Conlin and Michelle Stoia from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland.; This represents report 07-40 supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC. 2004.0010). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 32 BP 4048 EP 4056 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.044 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 339XP UT WOS:000258610900013 PM 18586364 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Lindle, J. R. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Lifetimes and Auger coefficients in type-II W interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NARROW-RIDGE; HIGH-POWER; SUPERLATTICES; RECOMBINATION; TEMPERATURE; INAS/INGASB; WAVELENGTH; DEPENDENCE; EMISSION; HGCDTE AB Lifetimes and Auger coefficients for type-II W interband cascade lasers are deduced from correlations of the experimental threshold current densities and slope efficiencies with calculated threshold carrier densities and optical gains. The room-temperature Auger coefficients for a number of low-threshold devices emitting at wavelengths from 2.9 to 4.1 mu m fall in the narrow range of (3-5)x10(-28) cm(6)/s, which represents a much stronger suppression of Auger decay than was implied by most earlier experiments and theoretical projections. The Auger coefficient is nearly independent of the thicknesses and compositions of the layers in the W active region. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Lindle, J. R.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 4 AR 041118 DI 10.1063/1.2967730 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333VC UT WOS:000258179800018 ER PT J AU Shao, L Thompson, PE Chen, QY Ma, KB Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, Lin Thompson, P. E. Chen, Q. Y. Ma, K. B. Liu, J. R. Chu, Wei-Kan TI High thermal stability of vacancy clusters formed in MeV Si-self-ion-implanted Si SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPANT DIFFUSION; BORON-DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; MECHANISM; GROWTH; DAMAGE; FILMS AB We have shown that considerable vacancy defects, introduced by MeV Si self-ion implantation, can survive a 900 degrees C/5 min annealing for gate formation. By analyzing the trap-limited Si interstitial diffusion, we have characterized these vacancy clusters. Furthermore, we show that the remaining vacancies are sufficient to reduce B diffusion. The study suggests that MeV ion implantation, a promising approach for ultrashallow junction formation in metal-oxide-semiconductor device fabrication, can be inserted before gate formation (involving high temperature annealing) to avoid irradiation damage on gate structures. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thompson, P. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Q. Y.; Ma, K. B.; Liu, J. R.; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chen, Q. Y.; Ma, K. B.; Liu, J. R.; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 4 AR 041908 DI 10.1063/1.2963480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333VC UT WOS:000258179800033 ER PT J AU Shao, L Di, ZF Lin, Y Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Chu, PK AF Shao, Lin Di, Zengfeng Lin, Yuan Jia, Q. X. Wang, Y. Q. Nastasi, M. Thompson, Phillip E. Theodore, N. David Chu, Paul K. TI The role of strain in hydrogenation induced cracking in Si/Si(1-x)Ge(x)/Si structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB Hydrogenation induced cracking in molecular beam epitaxy grown Si/Si(1-x)Ge(x)/Si heterostructures is studied. The Si(1-x)Ge(x) layer buried between an similar to 200 nm thick Si capping layer and the Si substrate is similar to 5 nm thick. After plasma hydrogenation, long range H migration and H trapping at the Si(1-x)Ge(x) layer are observed. With increasing Ge concentrations, the amount of H trapping increases, cracking along the Si(1-x)Ge(x) layer is smoother, and fewer defects are formed in the Si capping layer. The study suggests maximizing the interfacial strain to achieve the smoothest cracking with minimized radiation damage for ultrathin silicon-on-insulator technology. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Di, Zengfeng; Jia, Q. X.; Wang, Y. Q.; Nastasi, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lin, Yuan] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Microelectron & Solid State Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Theodore, N. David] Freescale Semicond Inc, Analog & Mixed Signal Technol, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Chu, Paul K.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org RI di, zengfeng/B-1684-2010; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883; NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 4 AR 041909 DI 10.1063/1.2963489 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333VC UT WOS:000258179800034 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, Michael E. TI A character on the quasi-symmetric functions coming from multiple zeta values SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article AB We define a homomorphism zeta from the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions to the reals which involves the Euler constant and multiple zeta values. Besides advancing the study of multiple zeta values, the homomorphism zeta appears in connection with two Hirzebruch genera of almost complex manifolds: the Gamma-genus (related to mirror symmetry) and the (Gamma) over cap -genus (related to an S(1)-equivariant Euler class). We decompose zeta into its even and odd factors in the sense of Aguiar, Bergeron, and Sottille, and demonstrate the usefulness of this decomposition in computing zeta on the subalgebra of symmetric functions (which suffices for computations of the Gamma and (Gamma) over cap -genera). C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM meh@usna.edu RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS PI NEWARK PA C/O FELIX LAZEBNIK, RM 507, EWING HALL, UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA SN 1077-8926 J9 ELECTRON J COMB JI Electron. J. Comb. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 AR R97 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 331RZ UT WOS:000258031600004 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Reid, EA Walker, A Piketh, S Cliff, S Al Mandoos, A Tsay, SC Eck, TF AF Reid, Jeffrey S. Reid, Elizabeth A. Walker, Annette Piketh, Stuart Cliff, Steve Al Mandoos, Abdulla Tsay, Si-Chee Eck, Thomas F. TI Dynamics of southwest Asian dust particle size characteristics with implications for global dust research SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MINERAL AEROSOL PRODUCTION; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PERSIAN-GULF; WIND EROSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; DEPOSITION; ATLANTIC AB As part of the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE 2), the size distribution and chemistry of dust particles were measured for the months of August and September 2004 at an Arabian Gulf coastal site impacted by dust from several sources within southwest Asia. The characteristics of common mode dust (0.8 < d(p) < 10 mu m) were examined using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), a DRUM cascade impactor, and AERONET Sun/sky retrievals. While size properties from these distinct methods do correlate, accurate dust measurement is still an outstanding challenge. But when instruments are applied consistently in the correct context, the dynamics of dust particle size can be accurately studied. Here, observations are used to study the stability of dust size and chemistry characteristics. We found that dust particle size, chemistry, and morphology appear to be fairly static from individual sources, confirming preliminary hypotheses based on large-scale observations of Saharan dust. Thus, our data provide experimental evidence that on regional scales, common mode dust is not functionally impacted by production wind speed, but rather influenced by soil properties such as geomorphology or roughness length. Similarly, we found transport processes from the mesoscale to near synoptic scale do not significantly impact common mode dust size either. When combined with other APS observations around the world, the dust coarse mode is found to be fairly robust with a volume median diameter on the order of similar to 3.5 mu m +/- 30%. Finally, evidence for a strong submicron dust mode, suggested in previous studies, was inconclusive. C1 [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Reid, Elizabeth A.; Walker, Annette] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Piketh, Stuart] Univ Witwatersrand, Climatol Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tsay, Si-Chee; Eck, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cliff, Steve] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Al Mandoos, Abdulla] Minist Presidential Affairs, Dept Atmospher Studies, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14212 DI 10.1029/2007JD009752 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331FI UT WOS:000257997700006 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Piketh, SJ Walker, AL Burger, RP Ross, KE Westphal, DL Bruintjes, RT Holben, BN Hsu, C Jensen, TL Kahn, RA Kuciauskas, AP Al Mandoos, A Al Mangoosh, A Miller, SD Porter, JN Reid, EA Tsay, SC AF Reid, Jeffrey S. Piketh, Stuart J. Walker, Annette L. Burger, Roelof P. Ross, Kristy E. Westphal, Douglas L. Bruintjes, Roelof T. Holben, Brent N. Hsu, Christina Jensen, Tara L. Kahn, Ralph A. Kuciauskas, Arunas P. Al Mandoos, Abdulla Al Mangoosh, Abdulla Miller, Steven D. Porter, John N. Reid, Elizabeth A. Tsay, Si-Chee TI An overview of UAE(2) flight operations: Observations of summertime atmospheric thermodynamic and aerosol profiles of the southern Arabian Gulf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUN PHOTOMETER; SAHARAN DUST; AIRCRAFT; SIZE; REGION AB In August through September 2004 the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE 2) was conducted in the southern Arabian Gulf region. We present atmospheric thermodynamic and aerosol data collected on 18 flights by the South African Aerocommander aircraft. In the first few kilometers, we observed high concentrations of both regional dust (from 100 to 300 mu g m(-3) in background, to over 1.5 mg m(-3) in events) and ubiquitous sulfate based pollution from the Gulf's prevalent petroleum industry (10-100 mu g m(-3)). Smoke and pollution from Europe and possibly Africa were found at levels between 1.5 and 5 km. Inland, classic deep over desert boundary layer characteristics were found. Over the Arabian Gulf, dust and pollution were most often either trapped below or sequestered above a strong stable boundary. However, there were cases where a well-distributed aerosol layer crossed the inversion uniformly. Data suggest that the observed vertical profiles can be explained by the rapid formation of stable marine boundary layers as air moves offshore. This can decouple aerosol layers from within the boundary layer to those aloft in regions of vertical wind shear. In the case of pollution, the ability of flaring plumes to penetrate the inversion may also in part determine layering. In coastal regions without vertical wind shear, uniform concentrations with height across the inversion are a result of internal boundary layer development. We conclude that the bulk of the observed variability in particle vertical distribution appear to be controlled by mesoscale and microscale processes, such as the sea/land breeze. C1 [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Walker, Annette L.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Kuciauskas, Arunas P.; Reid, Elizabeth A.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Al Mandoos, Abdulla] Minist Presidential Affairs, Dept Atmospher Studies, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Bruintjes, Roelof T.; Jensen, Tara L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Piketh, Stuart J.; Burger, Roelof P.; Ross, Kristy E.] Univ Witwatersrand, Climatol Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Holben, Brent N.; Hsu, Christina; Kahn, Ralph A.; Tsay, Si-Chee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Porter, John N.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14213 DI 10.1029/2007JD009435 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331FI UT WOS:000257997700003 ER PT J AU Geis, E Kohl, M Ziskin, V Akdogan, T Arenhovel, H Alarcon, R Bertozzi, W Booth, E Botto, T Calarco, J Clasie, B Crawford, CB DeGrush, A Donnelly, TW Dow, K Farkhondeh, M Fatemi, R Filoti, O Franklin, W Gao, H Gilad, S Hasell, D Karpius, P Kolster, H Lee, T Maschinot, A Matthews, J McIlhany, K Meitanis, N Milner, RG Rapaport, J Redwine, RP Seely, J Shinozaki, A Sirca, S Sindile, A Six, E Smith, T Steadman, M Tonguc, B Tschalaer, C Tsentalovich, E Turchinetz, W Xiao, Y Xu, W Zhang, C Zhou, Z Zwart, T AF Geis, E. Kohl, M. Ziskin, V. Akdogan, T. Arenhoevel, H. Alarcon, R. Bertozzi, W. Booth, E. Botto, T. Calarco, J. Clasie, B. Crawford, C. B. DeGrush, A. Donnelly, T. W. Dow, K. Farkhondeh, M. Fatemi, R. Filoti, O. Franklin, W. Gao, H. Gilad, S. Hasell, D. Karpius, P. Kolster, H. Lee, T. Maschinot, A. Matthews, J. McIlhany, K. Meitanis, N. Milner, R. G. Rapaport, J. Redwine, R. P. Seely, J. Shinozaki, A. Sirca, S. Sindile, A. Six, E. Smith, T. Steadman, M. Tonguc, B. Tschalaer, C. Tsentalovich, E. Turchinetz, W. Xiao, Y. Xu, W. Zhang, C. Zhou, Z. Zwart, T. CA BLAST Collaboration TI Charge form factor of the neutron at low momentum transfer from the (2)(H)over-right-arrow((e)over-right-arrow,e ' n)(1)H reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON ELECTRODISINTEGRATION; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES; GAS-TARGET; SCATTERING; NUCLEON; RADIUS AB We report new measurements of the neutron charge form factor at low momentum transfer using quasielastic electrodisintegration of the deuteron. Longitudinally polarized electrons at an energy of 850 MeV were scattered from an isotopically pure, highly polarized deuterium gas target. The scattered electrons and coincident neutrons were measured by the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) detector. The neutron form factor ratio G(E)(n)/G(M)(n) was extracted from the beam-target vector asymmetry A(ed)(V) at four-momentum transfers Q(2) = 0.14, 0.20, 0.29, and 0.42 (GeV/c)(2). C1 [Kohl, M.; Ziskin, V.; Akdogan, T.; Bertozzi, W.; Botto, T.; Clasie, B.; Crawford, C. B.; DeGrush, A.; Donnelly, T. W.; Dow, K.; Farkhondeh, M.; Fatemi, R.; Filoti, O.; Franklin, W.; Gilad, S.; Hasell, D.; Kolster, H.; Maschinot, A.; Matthews, J.; Meitanis, N.; Milner, R. G.; Redwine, R. P.; Seely, J.; Shinozaki, A.; Sirca, S.; Steadman, M.; Tschalaer, C.; Tsentalovich, E.; Turchinetz, W.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, Z.; Zwart, T.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kohl, M.; Ziskin, V.; Akdogan, T.; Bertozzi, W.; Botto, T.; Clasie, B.; Crawford, C. B.; DeGrush, A.; Donnelly, T. W.; Dow, K.; Farkhondeh, M.; Fatemi, R.; Franklin, W.; Gilad, S.; Hasell, D.; Kolster, H.; Maschinot, A.; Matthews, J.; Meitanis, N.; Milner, R. G.; Redwine, R. P.; Seely, J.; Shinozaki, A.; Sirca, S.; Steadman, M.; Tschalaer, C.; Tsentalovich, E.; Turchinetz, W.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, Z.; Zwart, T.] MIT, Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Geis, E.; Alarcon, R.; Six, E.; Tonguc, B.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Arenhoevel, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Booth, E.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Calarco, J.; Filoti, O.; Karpius, P.; Lee, T.; Sindile, A.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Gao, H.; Xu, W.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gao, H.; Xu, W.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McIlhany, K.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rapaport, J.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Smith, T.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kohl, M (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kohlm@jlab.org RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011 FU MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center; US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We thank the staff of the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center for delivering high quality electron beam and for their technical support, and A. Bernstein for suggesting the form of the BLAST fit. This work has been supported in part by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 AR 042501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.042501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337HV UT WOS:000258427100013 PM 18764321 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Kaganovich, D Ting, A AF Gordon, D. F. Hafizi, B. Kaganovich, D. Ting, A. TI Electro-optic shocks from ultraintense laser-plasma interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-GENERATION; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; WAVES AB Second harmonic radiation in the form of an electro-optic shock is produced in the blowout regime of a laser wakefield in a plasma. The shock is produced by the interaction between the laser field and the electron sheath surrounding the electron cavitation region. Because the sheath is thin, phase matching is unimportant, and the radiated energy grows secularly with the interaction length. The angle of emission is given by the Cherenkov angle associated with the ratio of the second harmonic phase velocity to the fundamental phase velocity. The shock formation is investigated in three dimensions via analysis and particle-in-cell simulations. C1 [Gordon, D. F.; Ting, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, B.; Kaganovich, D.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 AR 045004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.045004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337HV UT WOS:000258427100029 PM 18764337 ER PT J AU Helber, RW Barron, CN Carnes, MR Zingarelli, RA AF Helber, Robert W. Barron, Charlie N. Carnes, Michael R. Zingarelli, Robert A. TI Evaluating the sonic layer depth relative to the mixed layer depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION; SURFACE DUCT; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; MODEL; SEA AB Using a global set of in situ temperature and salinity profile observations, the sonic layer depth (SLD) and the mixed layer depth (MLD) are analyzed and compared over the annual cycle. The SLD characterizes the potential of the upper ocean to trap acoustic energy in a surface duct while MLD characterizes upper ocean mixing. The SLD is computed from temperature and salinity profile pairs using a new tunable method while MLD is computed using recently developed methods and either temperature only profiles or temperature and salinity profile pairs. Both SLD and MLD estimates provide information on different and important aspects of the upper ocean. The SLD and MLD often coincide because sound speed increases with depth down to the MLD, where (typically) a decrease in temperature occurs, resulting in a local maximum sound speed. The depth of this maximum sound speed is the SLD. The SLD and MLD are not always the same because sound speed is substantially more sensitive to temperature than to salinity compared to density. Since MLD is a commonly known and studied parameter, MLD is often used as a proxy for SLD in scientific and operational applications. In the boreal spring when fresh restratification events occur, the SLD is 10 m deeper (shallower) than the MLD in 39% (7%) of the observed profiles. A parabolic equation acoustic transmission model is used to evaluate the relative skill of the SLD and MLD estimates to predict surface acoustic trapping as measured by a simple metric. C1 [Helber, Robert W.; Barron, Charlie N.; Carnes, Michael R.; Zingarelli, Robert A.] USN REs Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN REs Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7323, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. EM helber@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07033 DI 10.1029/2007JC004595 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 331GE UT WOS:000257999900003 ER PT J AU Maslowski, W Roman, R Kinney, JC AF Maslowski, Wieslaw Roman, Ricardo Kinney, Jaclyn Clement TI Effects of mesoscale eddies on the flow of the Alaskan Stream SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; NORTHWESTERN GULF; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; EDDY; HYDROGRAPHY; ALTIMETER; EXCHANGE AB Using a high-resolution, pan-Arctic ice-ocean model forced with realistic atmospheric data, we examine the mean transport and temporal and spatial variability within the Alaskan Stream. Model results are analyzed and compared with observations, including satellite altimetry and CTD measurements. The mean net transport of the Alaskan Stream is found to be between 34 and 44 Sv, intensifying downstream. Mesoscale eddies are found to periodically move along the path of the Alaskan Stream and alter the mean position of the typically westward-flowing current. However, the strength of the current is not reduced as an anticyclonic eddy passes a point along the path. Instead, there appears to be an offshore ( or southward) shift in the current velocity core. Stationary measurement instruments may not be able to detect this shift in position over the slope if their southernmost location does not coincide with the current shift due to an eddy. This may result in recording of a weakened or sometimes reversed flow. Finally, we examine and demonstrate that modeled eddies within the Alaskan Stream have dominant effect on northward transport and variability through the eastern and central Aleutian Island passes. C1 [Maslowski, Wieslaw; Roman, Ricardo; Kinney, Jaclyn Clement] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maslowsk@nps.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07036 DI 10.1029/2007JC004341 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 331GE UT WOS:000257999900002 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Anderson, GP Shettle, EP Andrews, E Loukachine, K Dutton, EG Schaaf, C Roman, MO AF Stone, R. S. Anderson, G. P. Shettle, E. P. Andrews, E. Loukachine, K. Dutton, E. G. Schaaf, C. Roman, M. O., III TI Radiative impact of boreal smoke in the Arctic: Observed and modeled SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALBEDO RETRIEVALS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE; MODIS; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; PARTICLES AB The Arctic climate is modulated, in part, by the presence of aerosols that affect the horizontal and vertical distribution of radiant energy passing through the atmosphere. Aerosols affect the surface-atmosphere radiation balance directly through interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly through interactions with cloud particles. During summer 2004 forest fires destroyed vast areas of boreal forest in Alaska and western Canada, releasing smoke into the atmosphere. Smoke aerosol passing over instrumented field sites near Barrow, Alaska, was monitored to determine its physical and optical properties and its impact on the surface radiation budget. Empirical determinations of the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) by the smoke were used to corroborate simulations made using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance radiative transfer model, MODTRAN (TM) 5. DARF is defined as the change in net shortwave irradiance per unit of aerosol optical depth (AOD). DARF, varying with solar angle and surface type, was evaluated at the surface, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and within the intervening layers of the atmosphere. The TOA results are compared with fluxes derived from coincident satellite retrievals made using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiance data. Smoke tends to reduce the net shortwave irradiance at the surface while increasing it within layers in which it resides. Over the Arctic tundra during summer, a layer of smoke having AOD = 0.5 at 500 nm produces a diurnally averaged DARF of about -40 W m(-2) at the surface and -20 W m (-2) at TOA, while the layer itself tends to warm at a rate of approximate to 1 K d(-1). The tendency of smoke to cool the surface while heating the layer above may lead to increased atmospheric stability and suppress cloud formation. Radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is especially sensitive to small changes in surface albedo, evidenced in both the model results and satellite retrievals. TOA net shortwave flux decreases when smoke is present over dark surfaces and tends to increase if the underlying surface is bright. For example, at solar noon during midsummer at Barrow, a layer of smoke having AOD(500) = 0.5 will reduce the net shortwave flux at TOA by approximate to 30 W m(-2) over the ocean while at the same time increasing it by 20 W m(-2) over an adjacent area of melting sea ice. For smoke aerosol, the sensitivity of DARF to changing surface albedo (assuming a solar zenith angle of 50 degrees) is about +15 W m(-2) AOD(-1) for every increase in surface albedo of 0.10. Throughout the Arctic summer, surface and TOA cooling and a tendency toward warming in the intervening atmospheric layers are the dominant radiative impacts of boreal smoke over the ocean and tundra areas, but the radiative forcing at TOA is positive over regions covered by ice or snow. Enhanced differential cooling/heating of ocean, ice, and snow due to the presence of smoke in the atmosphere may affect regional circulation patterns by perturbing diabatic processes. Should the frequency and intensity of boreal fires increase in the future because of global warming, the more persistent presence of smoke in the atmosphere may be manifest as a negative feedback at the surface. In addition, there will likely be indirect radiative impacts of the smoke as it influences cloudiness, which in turn further modulates the Arctic radiation budget. C1 [Stone, R. S.; Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, G. P.; Dutton, E. G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth System Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Loukachine, K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Schaaf, C.; Roman, M. O., III] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, G. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.stone@noaa.gov RI Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X NR 75 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14S16 DI 10.1029/2007JD009657 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331FA UT WOS:000257996900008 ER PT J AU Dietrich, DE Tseng, YH Medina, R Piacsek, SA Liste, M Olabarrieta, M Bowman, MJ Mehra, A AF Dietrich, David E. Tseng, Yu-Heng Medina, Raul Piacsek, Steve A. Liste, Maria Olabarrieta, Maitane Bowman, Malcolm J. Mehra, Avichal TI Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) simulation using a coupled multiple-grid Mediterranean Sea/North Atlantic Ocean model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; ALBORAN-SEA; CIRCULATION; ENTRAINMENT; COORDINATE; 1/10-DEGREES; CLIMATOLOGY; TOPOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; OUTFLOW AB [1] A z- level, 4th- order- accurate ocean model is applied in six two- way- coupled grids spanning the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean ( MEDiNA). Resolutions vary from 1/4 degrees in central North Atlantic to 1/24 degrees in Strait of Gibraltar region. This allows the MEDiNA model to efficiently resolve small features ( e. g., Strait of Gibraltar) in a multibasin, multiscale model. Such small features affect all scales because of nonlinearity and low dissipation. The grid coupling using one coarse grid overlap is nearly seamless without intergrid sponge layers. No instant convective adjustment or other highly diffusive process is used. The deep water in the 1/ 8 Mediterranean Sea grid is formed by the resolved flows that emulate subgrid- scale processes directly. Downslope migration of Mediterranean Overflow Water ( MOW) water involves dense water flowing away from the bottom laterally over bottom stairsteps in the z- level model, thus flowing over less dense underlying water. Without excessively water mass- diluting process, the advection dominates the downslope migration of thin, dense MOW in the simulation. The model results show realisticMOWmigration to the observed equilibrium depth, followed by lateral spreading near that depth. The results are also consistent with the climatology along 43 degrees N, where the MOW hugs a steep shelfslope centered at similar to 1 km depth and then spreads westward, with the salinity core ( S > 35.7) reaching 18 degrees W. This study clearly restores z- level models to a competitive status doing density current simulations. C1 [Dietrich, David E.] AcuSea Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. [Bowman, Malcolm J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Medina, Raul; Liste, Maria; Olabarrieta, Maitane] Univ Cantabria, Ocean & Coastal Res Grp, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, NCEP NWS, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Piacsek, Steve A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Tseng, Yu-Heng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Dietrich, DE (reprint author), AcuSea Inc, 8450-101 Via Sonoma, La Jolla, CA USA. RI Medina, Raul/L-2456-2014; OI Medina, Raul/0000-0002-0126-2710; Tseng, Yu-heng/0000-0002-4816-4974 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07027 DI 10.1029/2006JC003914 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 331GD UT WOS:000257999800001 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, MC Chan, Y Sethian, JD AF Friedman, M. Myers, M. C. Chan, Y. Sethian, J. D. TI Response to "Comment on 'Properties of ceramic honeycomb cathodes'" Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 036103 (2008) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Friedman, M.; Myers, M. C.; Chan, Y.; Sethian, J. D.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM friedman@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 AR 036104 DI 10.1063/1.2957977 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330UQ UT WOS:000257968700127 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Holub, M Jonker, BT Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I. Holub, M. Jonker, B. T. Meyer, J. R. TI Estimating threshold reduction for spin-injected semiconductor lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; RELAXATION; BARRIER; GAAS AB The magnitude of threshold reduction in a semiconductor laser with electron spin injection is shown to depend on such intrinsic properties of the active region as the dominant recombination mechanism, the ratio of hole-to-electron densities of states, the active-region doping, and the available material gain as well as cavity properties such as the optical loss. The threshold reduction is expected to be greatest when the laser's active region is undoped, the recombination is strongly dominated by Auger processes, and the threshold gain is low. It can approach a factor of 3.5 for fully spin-polarized electrons in the active region. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Vurgaftman, I.; Holub, M.; Jonker, B. T.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 AR 031102 DI 10.1063/1.2957656 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330UQ UT WOS:000257968700002 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J. Ngai, K. L. TI Refinements in the characterization of the heterogeneous dynamics of Li ions in lithium metasilicate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; TRUNCATED LEVY FLIGHTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICATE-GLASSES; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; STOCHASTIC-PROCESS; COUPLING MODEL; SIMULATION; RELAXATION; MOTION AB We have performed the molecular dynamics simulations of ionically conducting lithium metasilicate, Li2SiO3, to get a more in depth understanding of the heterogeneous ion dynamics by separating out the partial contributions from localized and diffusive ions to the mean square displacement (MSD) < r(2)(t)>, the non-Gaussian parameter alpha(2)(t), and the van Hove function G(s)(r,t). Several different cage sizes l(c) have been used for the definition of localized ions. Behaviors of fast ions are obtained by the subtraction of the localized component from the < r(2)(t)> of all ions, and accelerated dynamics is found in the resultant subensemble. The fractional power law of MSD is explained by the geometrical correlation between successive jumps. The waiting time distribution of jumps also plays a role in determining < r(2)(t)> but does not affect the exponent of its fractional power law time dependence. Partial non-Gaussian parameters are found to be instructive to learn how long length-scale motions contribute to various quantities. As a function of time, the partial non-Gaussian parameter for the localized ions exhibits a maximum at around t(x2), the onset time of the fractional power law regime of < r(2)(t)>. The position of the maximum is slightly dependent on the choice of l(c). The power law increases in the non-Gaussian parameter before the maximum are attributed to the Levy distribution of length scales of successive (long) jumps. The decreases with time, after the maximum has been reached, are due to large back correlation of motions of different length scales. The dynamics of fast ions with superlinear dependence in their MSD also start at time around the maximum. Also investigated are the changes of the characteristic times demarcating different regimes of < r(2)(t)> on increasing temperatures from the glassy state to the liquid state. Relation between the activation energies for short time and long time regimes of < r(2)(t)> is in accord with interpretation of ion dynamics by the coupling model. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Habasaki, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki.j.aa@m.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 3 AR 034503 DI 10.1063/1.2951463 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 329BA UT WOS:000257840700018 PM 18647027 ER PT J AU Pelusi, MD Luan, F Magi, E Lamont, MRE Moss, DJ Eggleton, BJ Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Pelusi, M. D. Luan, F. Magi, E. Lamont, M. R. E. Moss, D. J. Eggleton, B. J. Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Aggarwal, I. D. TI High bit rate all-optical signal processing in a fiber photonic wire SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-PHASE MODULATION; WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; CHALCOGENIDE FIBER; WAVE-GUIDES; NONLINEARITY; NANOWIRES AB We report the first demonstration of high bit rate signal processing by a fiber-based photonic wire. We achieve 160Gb/s demultiplexing via four wave mixing in a 1.9 mu m diameter photonic wire tapered from As2S3 chalcogenide glass single mode fibre, with very low pump power requirements ( < 20mW average power, 0.45W peak power), enabled by a very high nonlinearity (gamma similar to 7850 W-1 km (-1)) and greatly reduced dispersion. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Pelusi, M. D.; Luan, F.; Magi, E.; Lamont, M. R. E.; Moss, D. J.; Eggleton, B. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moss, DJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM dmoss@physics.usyd.edu.au RI moss, david/B-8721-2011; Lamont, Michael/C-9216-2012; Luan, Feng/A-5109-2011 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 15 BP 11506 EP 11512 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011506 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 332FX UT WOS:000258069100073 PM 18648471 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Shirk, JS Rosenberg, A Lane, PA Fleet, E Kamdar, AR Jin, Y Ponting, M Kazmierczak, T Yang, Y Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Beadie, G. Shirk, James S. Rosenberg, A. Lane, Paul A. Fleet, E. Kamdar, A. R. Jin, Y. Ponting, M. Kazmierczak, T. Yang, Y. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. TI Optical properties of a bio-inspired gradient refractive index polymer lens SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROLAYER COEXTRUSION; CRYSTALLINE LENS; DESIGN; POWER AB The design, fabrication, and properties of one of a new class of gradient-index lenses are reported. The lens is an f/2.25 GRIN singlet based on a nanolayered polymer composite material, designed to correct for spherical aberration. The light gathering and focusing properties of the polymer lens are compared to a homogeneous BK7 glass singlet with a similar f-number. The modulation transfer function of the polymer GRIN lens exceeded that of the homogeneous glass lens at all spatial frequencies and was as much as 3 times better at 5 cyc/mm. The weight of the polymer lens was approximately an order of magnitude less than the homogeneous glass lens. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Kamdar, A. R.; Jin, Y.; Ponting, M.; Kazmierczak, T.; Yang, Y.; Hiltner, A.; Baer, E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Kamdar, A. R.; Jin, Y.; Ponting, M.; Kazmierczak, T.; Yang, Y.; Hiltner, A.; Baer, E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Beadie, G.; Shirk, James S.; Rosenberg, A.; Lane, Paul A.; Fleet, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guy.beadie@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 15 BP 11540 EP 11547 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011540 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 332FX UT WOS:000258069100077 PM 18648475 ER PT J AU Rho, YA Liebovitch, LS Schwartz, IB AF Rho, Young-Ah Liebovitch, Larry S. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Dynamical response of multi-patch, flux-based models to the input of infected people: Epidemic response to initiated events SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE diseases; epidemic models; computer modeling and simulation; ordinary differential equations; flux based multi-patch models; spatial heterogeneity; annual driving; transient time; reproductive rate ID IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; DIFFUSION; DRIVEN AB The time course of an epidemic can be modeled using the differential equations that describe the spread of disease and by dividing people into "patches" of different sizes with the migration of people between these patches. We used these multi-patch, flux-based models to determine how the time course of infected and susceptible populations depends on the disease parameters, the geometry of the migrations between the patches, and the addition of infected people into a patch. We found that there are significantly longer lived transients and additional "ancillary" epidemics when the reproductive rate R is closer to 1, as would be typical of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and bird flu, than when R is closer to 10, as would be typical of measles. In addition we show, both analytical and numerical, how the time delay between the injection of infected people into a patch and the corresponding initial epidemic that it produces depends on R. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rho, Young-Ah; Liebovitch, Larry S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Liebovitch, Larry S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Dept Psychol, Dept Biomed Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rho, YA (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM rho@ccs.fau.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 30 BP 5017 EP 5025 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.05.065 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 334GU UT WOS:000258211100010 ER PT J AU Melendez, M Kraemer, SB Armentrout, BK Deo, RP Crenshaw, DM Schmitt, HR Mushotzky, RF Tueller, J Markwardt, CB Winter, L AF Melendez, M. Kraemer, S. B. Armentrout, B. K. Deo, R. P. Crenshaw, D. M. Schmitt, H. R. Mushotzky, R. F. Tueller, J. Markwardt, C. B. Winter, L. TI New indicators for agn power: The correlation between [O IV] 25.89 mu m and hard X-ray luminosity for nearby seyfert galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : Seyfert; infrared : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; NARROW-LINE REGION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED-SELECTED SAMPLE; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION-LINE; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION AB We have studied the relationship between the [O iv] 25.89 mu m emission- line luminosities, obtained from Spitzer spectra, the X- ray continua in the 2Y10 keV band, primarily from ASCA, and the 14Y195 keV band obtained with the SWIFT Burst Alert Telescope ( BAT), for a sample of nearby ( z < 0: 08) Seyfert galaxies. For comparison, we have examined the relationship between the [ O iii] k5007, the 2Y10 keV, and the 14Y195 keV luminosities for the same set of objects. We find that both the [ O iv] and [ O iii] luminosities are well correlated with the BAT luminosities. When comparing [ O iv] and [ O iii] luminosities for the different types of galaxies, we find that the Seyfert 2s have significantly lower [ O iii] to [ Oiv] ratios than the Seyfert 1s. We suggest that this is due to more reddening of the narrowline region ( NLR) of the Seyfert 2s, since the [ O iv] 25.89 mu m emission line is much less affected by extinction. The combined effects of reddening and the X- ray absorption is the probable reason why the [ O iii] versus 2Y10 keV correlation is better than the [ O iv] versus 2Y10 kev correlation. Based on photoionization models, we find that the [ O iv] comes from higher ionization states and lower density regions than previous studies had determined for [ O iii]. Overall, we find the [ O iv] to be an accurate indicator of the power of the AGN. C1 [Melendez, M.; Kraemer, S. B.; Armentrout, B. K.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Deo, R. P.; Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20151 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushotzky, R. F.; Tueller, J.; Markwardt, C. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Winter, L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Melendez, M (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM 07melendez@cua.edu RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 90 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1086/588807 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000008 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S Vrtilek, JM Murgia, M Raychaudhury, S O'Sullivan, EJ Venturi, T David, LP Mazzotta, P Clarke, TE Athreya, RM AF Giacintucci, Simona Vrtilek, Jan M. Murgia, Matteo Raychaudhury, Somak O'Sullivan, Ewan J. Venturi, Tiziana David, Laurence P. Mazzotta, Pasquale Clarke, Tracy E. Athreya, Ramana M. TI A giant metrewave radio telescope multifrequency radio study of the isothermal core of the poor galaxy cluster AWM 4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (AWM4); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COOLING FLOWS; ABELL CLUSTERS; SKY SURVEY; DYNAMICAL MODELS; 1ST SURVEY; JETS; GHZ; ACCRETION; FEEDBACK AB We present a detailed radio morphological study and spectral analysis of the wide-angle tail radio source 4C + 24.36 associated with the dominant galaxy in the relaxed galaxy cluster AWM4. Our study is based on new high-sensitivity GMRT observations at 235, 327, and 610 MHz and on literature and archival data at other frequencies. We find that the source major axis is likely oriented at a small angle with respect to the plane of the sky. The wide-angle tail morphology can be reasonably explained by adopting a simple hydrodynamical model in which both ram pressure ( driven by the motion of the host galaxy) and buoyancy forces contribute to bend the radio structure. The spectral index progressively steepens along the source major axis from alpha similar to 0: 3 in the region close to the radio nucleus to beyond 1.5 in the lobes. The results of the analysis of the spectral index image allow us to derive an estimate of the radiative age of the source of similar to 160 Myr. The cluster X-ray-emitting gas has a relaxed morphology and short cooling time, but its temperature profile is isothermal out to at least 160 kpc from the center. Therefore, we seek evidence of energy ejection from the central AGN to prevent catastrophic cooling. We find that the energy injected by 4C + 24.36 in the form of synchrotron luminosity during its lifetime is far less than the energy required to maintain the high gas temperature in the core. We also find that it is not possible for the central source to eject the requisite energy in the intracluster gas in terms of the enthalpy of buoyant bubbles of relativistic fluid, without creating discernible large cavities in the existing X-ray XMM-Newton observations. C1 [Giacintucci, Simona; Murgia, Matteo; Venturi, Tiziana] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, Simona; Vrtilek, Jan M.; Raychaudhury, Somak; O'Sullivan, Ewan J.; David, Laurence P.; Mazzotta, Pasquale] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Murgia, Matteo] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Athreya, Ramana M.] Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM sgiaci_s@ira.inaf.it RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 96 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1086/589280 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000015 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Isenberg, PA Laming, JM AF Raymond, J. C. Isenberg, Philip A. Laming, J. M. TI Non-Maxwellian proton velocity distributions in nonradiative shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : lines and bands; line : profiles; shock waves; supernova remnants; turbulence ID TYCHOS SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; INTERSTELLAR PICKUP PROTONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; COSMIC-RAYS; CYGNUS LOOP; BOW SHOCK; ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTABILITIES; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS AB The Balmer line profiles of nonradiative supernova remnant shocks provide the means to measure the postshock proton velocity distribution. While most analyses assume a Maxwellian velocity distribution, this is unlikely to be correct. In particular, neutral atoms that pass through the shock and become ionized downstream form a nonthermal distribution similar to that of pickup ions in the solar wind. We predict the H alpha line profiles from the combination of pickup protons and the ordinary shocked protons, and we consider the extent to which this distribution could affect the shock parameters derived from H alpha profiles. The Maxwellian assumption could lead to an underestimate of shock speed by up to about 15%. The isotropization of the pickup ion population generates wave energy, and we find that for the most favorable parameters this energy could significantly heat the thermal particles. Sufficiently accurate profiles could constrain the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the shocked plasma, and we discuss the distortions from a Gaussian profile to be expected in Tycho's supernova remnant. C1 [Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Isenberg, Philip A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Isenberg, Philip A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.1086/589645 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000032 ER PT J AU Newbery, AP Ahn, B Topping, TD Pao, PS Nutt, SR Lavernia, EJ AF Newbery, A. P. Ahn, B. Topping, T. D. Pao, P. S. Nutt, S. R. Lavernia, E. J. TI Large UFG Al alloy plates from cryomilling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline powder; hot isostatic pressing; extrusion; quasi-isostatic forging; ultra-fine grained microstructure; mechanical properties ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION AB To assess potential routes for the production of high-strength Al 5083, gas-atomized powder was cryogenically ball-milled, to obtain a nanocrystalline structure, then hot vacuum degassed and consolidated by two methods: (1) hot isostatic pressing (HIPping) and extrusion, and (2) two-step quasi-isostatic (QI) forging. The consolidated billet in both cases was hot-rolled to produce 19 mm plate. Despite grain growth and differences in the consolidation and deformation processing, a similar, ultra-fine grained microstructure was obtained in both plates, with elongated grains predominantly in the range 100-500 nm. The cryomilled plates had similar tensile strengths in the plane of the plate, which were up to 60% greater than conventionally processed and work-hardened Al S083. However, the QI-forged plate had significantly higher fracture toughness than the HIP/extruded plate, which was brittle for crack surfaces in the plane of the plate. The disparity in toughness values was attributed to differences in the prior powder particle boundary structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Newbery, A. P.; Topping, T. D.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahn, B.; Nutt, S. R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pao, P. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newbery, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM apnewbery@ucdavis.edu RI Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 203 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.078 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 316ML UT WOS:000256953800004 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Lock, EH Fernsler, RF AF Walton, Scott G. Lock, Evgeniya H. Fernsler, Richard F. TI Plasma modification of solid and porous polyethylene SO PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; ARGON; SF6 AB The use of electron beam generated plasmas to modify the surface of solid and porous polyethylene substrates is discussed. In both cases, the hydrophobicity of the material was increased by exposing the substrates to electron beam generated plasmas produced in Ar/SF6 mixtures. The solid material studies served as a basis for understanding the plasma-induced changes at the substrate surface, while the porous material was treated using a system designed for two-sided processing applications and proved to be the best way to maximize treatment. Plasma diagnostics were used to characterize the ion and neutral fluxes at the substrates and thereby obtain a better understanding of the plasma-polymer interaction. C1 [Walton, Scott G.; Lock, Evgeniya H.; Fernsler, Richard F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walton, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.walton@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-8850 EI 1612-8869 J9 PLASMA PROCESS POLYM JI Plasma Process. Polym. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1002/ppap.200800003 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Physics; Polymer Science GA 329YV UT WOS:000257907400005 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Martin, BD Sapsford, KE Blum, AS Ratna, BR AF Soto, Carissa M. Martin, Brett D. Sapsford, Kim E. Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Toward single molecule detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B: Mobile sandwich immunoassay on gliding microtubules SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZED CANTILEVER SENSORS; MOTOR PROTEINS; KINESIN MOLECULES; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; TRANSPORT; SURFACES; CARGO; SHUTTLES; MOVEMENT; MOTILITY AB An immunoassay based on gliding microtubules (MTs) is described for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Detection is performed in a sandwich immunoassay format. Gliding microtubules carry the antigen-specific "capture" antibody, and bound analyte is detected using a fluorescent viral scaffold as the tracer. A detailed modification scheme for the MTs postpolymerization is described along with corresponding quantification by fluorescence spectroscopy. The resultant antibody-MTs maintain their morphology and gliding capabilities. We report a limit of detection down to 0.5 ng/mL during active transport in a 30 min assay time and down to 1 ng/mL on static surfaces. This study demonstrates the kinesin/MT-mediated capture, transport, and detection of the biowarfare agent SEB in a microfluidic format. C1 [Soto, Carissa M.; Martin, Brett D.; Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carissa.soto@nrl.navy.mil NR 64 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 14 BP 5433 EP 5440 DI 10.1021/ac800541x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 325OL UT WOS:000257598100021 PM 18543949 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, B. TI On Popovski's method for nonlinear equations SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear equations; simple roots; Popovski's method; Chebyshev's method AB Two different modi. cations of Popovski's method are developed, both are free of second derivatives. In the first modified scheme we traded the second derivative by an additional function evaluation. In the second method we replaced the second derivative by a finite difference and thus reducing the order slightly and reducing the number of evaluations per step by one. Therefore the second modi. cation is more efficient. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 201 IS 1-2 BP 710 EP 715 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2008.01.012 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 312HQ UT WOS:000256660400067 ER PT J AU Green, RE Breed, GA Dagg, MJ Lohrenz, SE AF Green, Rebecca E. Breed, Greg A. Dagg, Michael J. Lohrenz, Steven E. TI Modeling the response of primary production and sedimentation to variable nitrate loading in the Mississippi River plume SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Changing Nutrient Inputs from Large Temperate and Sub-Tropical Rivers CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2005 CL Xiamen Univ China, Fujian, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xiamen Univ China DE ecosystem model; Mississippi River plume; nitrogen primary production; sedimentation ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENHANCED PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL WATERS; FOOD-WEB; SEA; HYPOXIA; FLUXES; SHELF AB Increases in nitrate loading to the Mississippi River watershed during the last 50 years are considered responsible for the increase in hypoxic zone size in Louisiana-Texas shelf bottom waters. There is currently a national mandate to decrease the size of the hypoxic zone to 5000 km(2) by 2015, mostly by a 30% reduction in annual nitrogen discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. We developed an ecosystem model for the Mississippi River plume to investigate the response of organic matter production and sedimentation to variable nitrate loading. The nitrogen-based model consisted of nine compartments (nitrate, ammonium, labile dissolved organic nitrogen, bacteria, small phytoplankton, diatoms, micro- and mesozooplankton, and detritus), and was developed for the spring season, when sedimentation of organic matter from plume surface waters is considered important in the development of shelf hypoxia. The model was forced by physical parameters specified along the river-ocean salinity gradient, including residence time, light attenuation by dissolved and particulate matter, mixed layer depth, and dilution. The model was developed using measurements of biological biomasses and nutrient concentrations across the salinity gradient, and model validation was performed with an independent dataset of primary production measurements for different riverine NO3 loads. Based on simulations over the range of observed springtime NO3 loads, small phytoplankton contributed on average 80% to primary production for intermediate to high salinities (> 15), and the main contributors to modeled sedimentation at these salinities were diatom sinking, microzooplankton egestion, and small phytoplankton mortality. We investigated the impact of limiting factors on the relationship between NO3 loading and ecosystem rates. Model results showed that primary production was primarily limited by physical dilution of NO3, followed by abiotic light attenuation, light attenuation due to mixing, and diatom sinking. Sedimentation was mainly limited by the first three of these factors. Neither zooplankton grazing or plume residence times acted as limiting factors of ecosystem rates. Regarding nutrient reductions to the watershed, simulations showed that about half of the percent decrease in NO3 load was reflected in decreased plume sedimentation. For example, a 30% decrease in NO3 load resulted in a 19% decrease in average plume primary production and a 14% decrease in sedimentation. Finally, our model results indicated that the fraction of primary production exported from surface waters is highly variable with salinity (7-87%), a finding which has important implications for predictive models of hypoxic zone size that assume a constant value for this ratio. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Green, Rebecca E.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Breed, Greg A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Dagg, Michael J.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Lohrenz, Steven E.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Green, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rgreen@nrlssc.navy.mil; gbreed@dal.ca; mdagg@lumcon.edu; steven.lohrenz@usm.edu OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1451 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.008 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 325WU UT WOS:000257620200007 ER PT J AU Sternberg, O Stewart, KP Hor, Y Bandyopadhyay, A Federici, JF Bornefeld, M Mathis, YL Sliwinski, D Moller, KD Grebel, H AF Sternberg, O. Stewart, K. P. Hor, Y. Bandyopadhyay, A. Federici, J. F. Bornefeld, M. Mathis, Y. -L. Sliwinski, D. Moeller, K. D. Grebel, H. TI Square-shaped metal screens in the infrared to terahertz spectral region: Resonance frequency, band gap, and bandpass filter characteristics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; SURFACE; ANGLE; GRIDS AB Resonance frequency of freestanding, square-shaped thick metal screens have been studied here in the wavelength range of infrared (IR) to mm (20 to 0.2 THz). It was found that their peak transmission has a linear relationship to the screen's pitch. An experimental spectral feature, unaccounted for in typical simulations with plane parallel incident beams, was observed in the transmittance envelope for measurements in focused beams. In the past, this spectral feature was assigned to Wood's anomaly. Yet, unlike the latter, the observed spectral feature appears here in the long wavelength regime as well. We investigated this phenomenon for a large frequency range and assigned the spectral feature to the formation of a photonic band gap at oblique incidence. Many IR Fourier transform spectrometers use a noncollimated incident beam and such spectral features will appear whenever the local state of polarization includes components which are parallel to the plane of incidence. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sternberg, O.; Sliwinski, D.; Moeller, K. D.; Grebel, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Sternberg, O.; Sliwinski, D.; Moeller, K. D.; Grebel, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Stewart, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hor, Y.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Federici, J. F.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Bornefeld, M.; Mathis, Y. -L.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Synchrotron Light Source ANKA, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Sternberg, O (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM grebel@njit.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 AR 023103 DI 10.1063/1.2955765 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333TH UT WOS:000258174800003 ER PT J AU Williams, JA Lumsden, JM Yu, X Feigenbamn, L Zhang, JJ Steinberg, SM Hodes, RJ AF Williams, Joy A. Lumsden, Joanne M. Yu, Xiang Feigenbamn, Lionel Zhang, Jingjing Steinberg, Seth M. Hodes, Richard J. TI Regulation of thymic NKT cell development by the B7-CD28 costimulatory pathway SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; NEGATIVE SELECTION; CUTTING EDGE; CD28-DEFICIENT MICE; CORTICAL THYMOCYTES; POSITIVE SELECTION; CD28 COSTIMULATION; IN-VIVO; B-CELLS; HOMEOSTASIS AB Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a population of TCR alpha beta-expressing cells that are unique in several respects. In contrast to conventional T cells, iNKT cells are selected in the thymus for recognition of CD1, rather than conventional MHC class I or II, and are selected by CM-expressing double-positive thymocytes, rather than by the thymic stromal cells responsible for positive selection of conventional T cells. We have probed further the requirements for thymic iNKT cell development and find that these cells are highly sensitive to B7-CD28 costimulatory interactions, as evidenced by the substantially decreased numbers of thymic iNKT cells in CD28 and in B7 knockout mice. In contrast to the requirement for CD1, B7-CD28 signaling does not affect early iNKT cell lineage commitment, but exerts its influence on the subsequent intrathymic expansion and differentiation of iNKT cells. CD28 wild-type/CD28-deficient mixed bone marrow chimeras provided evidence of both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles for CD28 during iNKT cell development. Paradoxically, transgenic mice in which thymic expression of B7 is elevated have essentially no measurable thymic iNKT cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the unique pathway involved in iNKT cell development is marked by a critical role of B7-CD28 interactions and that disruption or augmentation of this costimulatory interaction has substantial effects on iNKT cell development in the thymus. C1 [Williams, Joy A.; Zhang, Jingjing; Hodes, Richard J.] NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Steinberg, Seth M.] NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hodes, Richard J.] NIA, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lumsden, Joanne M.] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Inst Med Res, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Yu, Xiang] Superarray Biosci Corp, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. [Feigenbamn, Lionel] NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hodes, RJ (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10 Room 4B10,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM HodesR@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC009281-21] NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 2 BP 907 EP 917 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 330QV UT WOS:000257958800009 PM 18606642 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Pomfret, MB Barton, DJ Kidwell, DA AF Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Pomfret, Michael B. Barton, David J. Kidwell, David A. TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of azide and cyanate ion pairs in AOT reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; STATE PROTON-TRANSFER; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; AEROSOL-OT; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENT; SURFACTANT COUNTERION AB Evidence for ion pair formation in aqueous bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles (RMs) was obtained from infrared spectra of azide and cyanate with Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and NH(4)(+) counterions. The anions' antisymmetric stretching bands near 2000 cm(-1) are shifted to higher frequency (blueshifted) in LiAOT and to a lesser extent in NaAOT, but they are very similar to those in bulk water with K(+) and NH(4)(+) as the counterions. The shifts are largest for low values of w(o)=[water]/[AOT] and approach the bulk value with increasing w(o). The blueshifts are attributed to ion pairing between the anions and the counterions. This interpretation is reinforced by the similar trend (Li(+)>Na(+)>K(+)) for producing contact ion pairs with the metal cations in bulk dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. We find no evidence of ion pairs being formed in NH(4)AOT RMs, whereas ammonium does form ion pairs with azide and cyanate in bulk DMSO. Studies are also reported for the anions in formamide-containing AOT RMs, in which blueshifts and ion pair formation are observed more than in the aqueous RMs. Ion pairs are preferentially formed in confined RM systems, consistent with the well established ideas that RMs exhibit reduced polarity and a disrupted hydrogen bonding network compared to bulk water and that ion-specific effects are involved in mediating the structure of species at interfaces. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Pomfret, Michael B.; Barton, David J.; Kidwell, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Barton, David/C-9282-2011; Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 OI Barton, David/0000-0003-0976-0383; NR 96 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 2 AR 024513 DI 10.1063/1.2952522 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 326AA UT WOS:000257629100036 PM 18624544 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF Walterbos, RAM Goto, T AF Helmboldt, J. F. Walterbos, R. A. M. Goto, T. TI Current star formation in early-type galaxies and the K+A phenomenon SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; GIANT ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; NUCLEAR STELLAR DISKS; DELTA-STRONG GALAXIES; EARLY DATA RELEASE; E+A GALAXIES; IONIZED-GAS; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES AB We present the results of an effort to identify and study a sample of the likely progenitors of elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) K+A galaxies. To achieve this, we have searched a sample similar to 11 000 nearby (m (r) < 16) early-type galaxies selected by morphology from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main spectroscopic sample for actively star-forming E and S0 galaxies. Using emission-line ratios and visual inspection of SDSS g-band images, we have identified 335 galaxies from the SDSS Fourth Data Release (DR4) as actively star-forming E and S0 galaxies. These galaxies make up about 3 per cent of the total early-type sample and less than 1 per cent of all main galaxies with m (r) < 16. We also identified a sample of similar to 400 K+A galaxies from DR4 with m (r) < 16; more than half of these are E and S0 galaxies. We find that star-forming early-type galaxies and K+A galaxies have similar mass distributions; they are on average less massive than typical early-type galaxies but more massive than the average star-forming galaxy. Both of these types of galaxies are found in higher fractions among all galaxies in lower density environments. The fractions of star-forming E and S0 galaxies and E and S0 K+A galaxies depend on environment in nearly the same way. Model spectra fit to the stellar continua of the star-forming E and S0 galaxies showed that their properties are consistent with star formation episodes of less than or similar to 1 Gyr in duration. The modelling results imply that on average, the star formation episodes will increase the stellar masses by about 4 per cent. The results also imply that only episodes that increase the stellar mass by more than 2-5 per cent will lead to K+A galaxies as we have defined them and that this is true for roughly 80 per cent of the star-forming E and S0 galaxies in our sample. The estimated typical increase in stellar mass implies that new stellar components of about 2 x 10(8) M(circle dot) will be formed on average. There is also evidence that the star-forming regions within these galaxies are rotationally supported. These two results, when combined with the galaxies' total masses and lack of prominent discs, suggest that the star formation within these galaxies may be confined to relatively small, central discs, similar to the nuclear stellar and dust discs found in many low-mass early-type galaxies. C1 [Helmboldt, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.; Walterbos, R. A. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Goto, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2398510, Japan. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 NR 86 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 4 BP 1537 EP 1553 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13229.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327CC UT WOS:000257706200017 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF Taylor, GB Walker, RC Blandford, RD AF Helmboldt, J. F. Taylor, G. B. Walker, R. C. Blandford, R. D. TI A statistical description of AGN jet evolution from the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ALL-SKY SURVEY; RADIO-SOURCES; SUPERLUMINAL MOTION; 5 GHZ; IMAGES; SCALES AB A detailed analysis of the evolution of the properties of core-jet systems within the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS) is presented. We find a power-law relationship between jet intensity and width that suggests that for the typical jet, little if any energy is lost as it moves away from its core. Using VLA images at 1.5 GHz, we have found evidence that parsec-scale jets tend to be aligned with the direction of emission on kiloparsec scales. We also found that this alignment improves as the jets move farther from their cores on projected scales as small as similar to 50-100 pc. This suggests that realignment of jets on these projected scales is relatively common. We typically find a modest amount of bending (a change in jet position angle of similar to 5 degrees) on these scales, suggesting that this realignment may typically occur relatively gradually. C1 [Helmboldt, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Walker, R. C.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Blandford, R. D.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 897 EP 904 DI 10.1086/588514 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000011 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB AF Marmorino, G. O. Smith, G. B. TI Thermal remote sensing of estuarine spatial dynamics: Effects of bottom-generated vertical mixing SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estuarine dynamics; remote sensing; infrared imagery; surface temperature; water mixing; boils; USA; Washington; Sequim Bay ID SURFACE; TURBULENCE; FRONTS; SEA AB In a recent paper, Hedger, R.D., Malthus, T.J., Folkard, A.M., Atkinson, P.M. [2007. Spatial dynamics of estuarine water surface temperature from airborne remote sensing. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 71, 608-615] demonstrate that airborne thermal remote sensing shows great potential for monitoring estuarine dynamics and surface currents. One aspect needing further attention is the impact of bottom-generated vertical mixing as this can create both stationary thermal features as well as thermal patterns that advect with the flow. This dual effect is illustrated using airborne infrared imagery of a mixing front having an embedded pattern of thermal boils. The boils are several meters in diameter (in water less than 4 m deep) and are similar to 0.2 degrees C cooler than the ambient water surface. Time sequential imagery that captures the movement of individual boils as well as their growth rate can be used to deduce both the near-surface current and the intensity of turbulent mixing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marmorino, G. O.; Smith, G. B.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 587 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.01.015 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 318IE UT WOS:000257084000013 ER PT J AU Valdez, CA Saavedra, JE Showalter, BM Davies, KM Wilde, TC Citro, ML Barchi, JJ Deschamps, JR Parrish, D El-Gayar, S Schleicher, U Bogdan, C Keefer, LK AF Valdez, Carlos A. Saavedra, Joseph E. Showalter, Brett M. Davies, Keith M. Wilde, Thomas C. Citro, Michael L. Barchi, Joseph J., Jr. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Damon El-Gayar, Stefan Schleicher, Ulrike Bogdan, Christian Keefer, Larry K. TI Hydrolytic reactivity trends among potential prodrugs of the O(2)-glycosylated diazeniumdiolate family. Targeting nitric oxide to macrophages for antileishmanial activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR AMASTIGOTES; DEPENDENT KILLING MECHANISM; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; IFN-GAMMA; MANNOSE RECEPTOR; HOST MACROPHAGES; SYNTHASE; SUPPRESSION; ACTIVATION AB Glycosylated diazeniumdiolates of structure R(2)NN(O)=NO-R' (R' = a saccharide residue) are potential prodrugs of the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing but acid-sensitive R(2)NN(O)=NO(-) ion. Moreover, cleaving the acid-stable glycosides under alkaline conditions provides a convenient protecting group strategy for diazeniumdiolate ions. Here, we report comparative hydrolysis rate data for five representative glycosylated diazeniumdiolates at pH 14, 7.4, and 3.8-4.6 as background for further developing both the protecting group application and the ability to target NO pharmacologically to macrophages harboring intracellular pathogens. Confirming the potential in the latter application, adding R(2)NN(O)=NO-GlcNAc (where R(2)N = diethylamino or pyrrolidin-1-yl and GlcNAc = N-acetylglucosamin-1-yl) to cultures of infected mouse macrophages that were deficient in inducible NO synthase caused rapid death of the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania major with no host cell toxicity. C1 [Valdez, Carlos A.; Showalter, Brett M.; Wilde, Thomas C.; Keefer, Larry K.] NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Saavedra, Joseph E.; Citro, Michael L.] NCI, Basic Res Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Davies, Keith M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Barchi, Joseph J., Jr.] NCI, Med Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [El-Gayar, Stefan; Schleicher, Ulrike; Bogdan, Christian] Univ Klinikum Erlangen, Mikrobiol Inst Klin Mikrobiol Immunol & Hyg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Schleicher, Ulrike; Bogdan, Christian] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Abt Mikrobiol & Hyg, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Keefer, LK (reprint author), NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM keefer@ncifcrf.gov RI Barchi Jr., Joseph/N-3784-2014; Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01 CO012400, N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400]; NIDA NIH HHS [Y01 DA006002, Y1-DA6002] NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 13 BP 3961 EP 3970 DI 10.1021/jm8000482 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 322QS UT WOS:000257391000030 PM 18533711 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Marsh, DR Mlynczak, MG Martin-Torres, FJ Russell, JM AF Siskind, David E. Marsh, Daniel R. Mlynczak, Martin G. Martin-Torres, F. Javier Russell, James M., III TI Decreases in atomic hydrogen over the summer pole: Evidence for dehydration from polar mesospheric clouds? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; DENSITIES; RATES AB Observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA/Thermospheric Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite show a surprising decrease in the inferred atomic hydrogen (H) over the polar regions in the lowermost thermosphere during the summer. This contrasts with predictions by global models that H should peak in this region at this time. We suggest the decrease is a consequence of the sequestering of the water vapor by the formation of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) that redistributes the H2O thus reducing the chemical source of H. This decrease is more pronounced in the Northern rather than the Southern summer which is roughly consistent with the known morphology of PMCs. A model calculation which includes a PMC parameterization gives good qualitative agreement with the data suggesting that this process should be considered in global models of the coupling between the middle and upper atmosphere. C1 [Siskind, David E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marsh, Daniel R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA Langley Res, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Martin-Torres, F. Javier] AS&M Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil RI Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015 OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 13 AR L13809 DI 10.1029/2008GL033742 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 327ON UT WOS:000257738500001 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Laman, N Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Laman, N. Grischkowsky, D. TI The underlying terahertz vibrational spectrum of explosives solids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; GUIDE THZ SPECTROSCOPY; SECURITY APPLICATIONS AB Using waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we demonstrate the measurement of the underlying terahertz vibrational spectrum of the explosive solids hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Each. explosive is cast as a polycrystalline thin film with planar ordering on the inner surface of metal parallel plate waveguide. For measurements near 10 K, each explosive reveals a complex spectrum of approximately 20 vibrational modes between 0.5 and 3.5 THz. The explosive films are of sufficient quality to produce vibrational linewidths as much as an order of magnitude sharper compared to conventional terahertz measurements of corresponding pellet samples of explosives. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laman, N.; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.melinger@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 AR 011102 DI 10.1063/1.2949068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333WP UT WOS:000258184600002 ER PT J AU Brawley, GA Ta'eed, VG Bolger, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I Eggleton, BJ AF Brawley, G. A. Ta'eed, V. G. Bolger, J. A. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. Eggleton, B. J. TI Strong photoinduced Bragg gratings in arsenic selenide optical fibre using transverse holographic method SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIB WAVE-GUIDES; GLASS; AS2SE3 AB Fabrication of strong fibre Bragg gratings in singlemode arsenic selenide (As2Se3) fibre for use at telecom wavelengths by the transverse holographic method is reported. Photoinduced decrease in the material refractive index was achieved using low-intensity CW illumination at a wavelength of 785 nm. A peak grating strength of 23.7 dB is seen, with inferred change in the average refractive index as large as 4.7 x 10(-3). C1 [Brawley, G. A.; Ta'eed, V. G.; Bolger, J. A.; Eggleton, B. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brawley, GA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM egg@physics.usyd.edu.au NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 14 BP 846 EP U168 DI 10.1049/el:20080784 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 328EX UT WOS:000257782000009 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Feingold, G Jonsson, HH Lu, ML Chuang, PY Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Jiang, Hongli Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. Lu, Miao-Ling Chuang, Patrick Y. Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Statistical comparison of properties of simulated and observed cumulus clouds in the vicinity of Houston during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; CONVECTION; POPULATIONS; AIRCRAFT; AEROSOL AB [1] We present statistical comparisons of properties of clouds generated by Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with aircraft observations of nonprecipitating, warm cumulus clouds made in the vicinity of Houston, TX during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), carried out in the summer of 2006. Aircraft data were sampled with the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter airplane. Five flights (days) that are most suitable for studying aerosol-cloud interactions are selected from the 22 flights. The model simulations are initiated with observed environmental profiles. The simulations are used to generate an ensemble of thousands of cumulus clouds for statistically meaningful evaluations. Statistical comparisons focus on the properties of a set of dynamical and thermodynamical variables, sampled either in the cloud or the cloud updraft core. The set of variables includes cloud liquid water content (LWC), number mixing ratio of cloud droplets (Nd), cloud effective radius (re), updraft velocity (w), and the distribution of cloud sizes. In general, good agreement between the simulated and observed clouds is achieved in the normalized frequency distribution functions, the profiles averaged over the cloudy regions, the cross-cloud averages, and the cloud size distributions, despite big differences in sample size between the model output and the aircraft data. Some unresolved differences in frequency distributions of w and possible differences in cloud fraction are noted. These comparisons suggest that the LES is able to successfully generate the cumulus cloud populations that were present during GoMACCS. The extent to which this is true will depend on the specific application. C1 [Jiang, Hongli; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, CIRA, Earth System Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lu, Miao-Ling; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), NOAA, CIRA, Earth System Res Lab, R-CSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.jiang@noaa.gov; graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D13 AR D13205 DI 10.1029/2007JD009304 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FU UT WOS:000257431800003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, P AF Rodriguez, Paul TI Amateurs as an outreach of HAARP's lunar-echo study SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5550, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7200 BP 27 EP 27 DI 10.1038/454027a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321MC UT WOS:000257308300016 PM 18596785 ER PT J AU Zwick, ME Kiley, MP Stewart, AC Mateczun, A Read, TD AF Zwick, Michael E. Kiley, Maureen P. Stewart, Andrew C. Mateczun, Alfred Read, Timothy D. TI Genotyping of Bacillus cereus Strains by Microarray-Based Resequencing SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The ability to distinguish microbial pathogens from closely related but nonpathogenic strains is key to understanding the population biology of these organisms. In this regard, Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes inhalational anthrax, is of interest because it is closely related and often difficult to distinguish from other members of the B. cereus group that can cause diverse diseases. We employed custom-designed resequencing arrays (RAs) based on the genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis to generate 422 kb of genomic sequence from a panel of 41 Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains. Here we show that RAs represent a "one reaction'' genotyping technology with the ability to discriminate between highly similar B. anthracis isolates and more divergent strains of the B. cereus s.l. Clade 1. Our data show that RAs can be an efficient genotyping technology for pre-screening the genetic diversity of large strain collections to selected the best candidates for whole genome sequencing. C1 [Zwick, Michael E.; Kiley, Maureen P.; Stewart, Andrew C.; Mateczun, Alfred; Read, Timothy D.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zwick, Michael E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zwick, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [G.G.004_06_NM_B] FX This study was supported by grant G.G.004_06_NM_B from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2513 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002513 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 406IM UT WOS:000263288200003 PM 18596941 ER PT J AU Huffmire, T Brotherton, B Callegari, N Valamehr, J White, J Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Brotherton, Brett Callegari, Nick Valamehr, Jonathan White, Jeff Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Tim TI Designing secure systems on reconfigurable hardware SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP ACM, IEEE DE design; security; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); advanced encryption standard (AES); memory protection; separation; isolation; controlled sharing; hardware security; reference monitors; execution monitors; enforcement mechanisms; security policies; static analysis; security primitives; systems-on-a-chip (SoCs) AB The extremely high cost of custom ASIC fabrication makes FPGAs an attractive alternative for deployment of custom hardware. Embedded systems based on reconfigurable hardware integrate many functions onto a single device. Since embedded designers often have no choice but to use soft IP cores obtained from third parties, the cores operate at different trust levels, resulting in mixed-trust designs. The goal of this project is to evaluate recently proposed security primitives for reconfigurable hardware by building a real embedded system with several cores on a single FPGA and implementing these primitives on the system. Overcoming the practical problems of integrating multiple cores together with security mechanisms will help us to develop realistic security-policy specifications that drive enforcement mechanisms on embedded systems. C1 [Huffmire, Ted] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Brotherton, Brett] Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Callegari, Nick; Valamehr, Jonathan; White, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Tim] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; brett.brotherton@gmail.com; nick_callegari@ece.ucsb.edu; valamehr@ece.ucsb.edu; jdwhite08@engineering.ucsb.edu; kastner@ucsd.edu; sher-wood@cs.ucsb.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1084-4309 EI 1557-7309 J9 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL JI ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 AR 44 DI 10.1145/1367045.1367053 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 334EU UT WOS:000258205900008 ER PT J AU Pearson, WH Lanham, SE Dillner, DK AF Pearson, Wayne H. Lanham, Stacey E. Dillner, Debra K. TI cis-3,3-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The bicyclic molecule of the title compound, C9H12O3, contains two five-membered rings with different functional groups, viz. a ketone and an ester. Both rings assume an envelope conformation. The mean planes of these functional groups form a dihedral angle of 60.7 (1)degrees. The crystal structure exhibits weak intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions, which link the molecules into zigzag chains extended in the [010] direction. The unit cell contains a racemic mixture of enantiomers. C1 [Pearson, Wayne H.; Lanham, Stacey E.; Dillner, Debra K.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pearson, WH (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wpearson@usna.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 BP O1266 EP U1946 DI 10.1107/S1600536808017133 PN 7 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 319ML UT WOS:000257167600173 PM 21202900 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Nguyen, Gam D. Ephremides, Anthony TI A "Group-Division Multiple Access" framework for channel access to multiple destinations SO AD HOC NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Random access; Multiple destinations; Collision channel; Collision resolution; Media-access control (MAC) ID RADIO NETWORKS; ALGORITHMS AB We consider the problem of media-access control in multiple-cell networks, such as ad hoc networks in which cluster-heads take on a role similar to base stations. We assume that a single channel is used by all cells, and that the user populations that transmit to different base stations overlap, causing interference in the neighboring cells. Starting with a two-destination network, we introduce the "Group-Division Multiple Access" (GDMA) concept, according to which different groups of users multiplex their transmission in time while being free to use the protocol of their choice within their own group. We show that use of GDMA provides higher stable throughput than a "free-running" scheme (under which all slots are available to all users) when the First-Come First-Serve collision-resolution algorithm is used as the channel-access protocol, and we show how performance depends on the degree of overlap of communication and interference regions. Finally, we show that this approach can be applied to larger cellular-like networks as well. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8705 J9 AD HOC NETW JI Ad Hoc Netw. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 IS 5 BP 770 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.adhoc.2007.07.004 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 408CJ UT WOS:000263410800007 ER PT J AU Whittington, AE AF Whittington, Anne E. TI 'Is Karl in?': Paws That Heal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Whittington, Anne E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Diabet Program, Hlth & Wellness Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Whittington, Anne E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Paws That Heal Program, Hlth & Wellness Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Whittington, AE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Diabet Program, Hlth & Wellness Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM anne.whittington@med.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 108 IS 7 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 323JE UT WOS:000257441600022 PM 18580123 ER PT J AU Bennett, K Si, YZ Steinbach, T Zhang, J Li, QG AF Bennett, Kent Si, Yuanzheng Steinbach, Thomas Zhang, Jing Li, Qigui TI Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of intramuscular artesunate in healthy beagle dogs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ARTEMETHER; QUININE; TRIAL AB Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses were evaluated after intramuscular (IM) injection of artesunate (AS). Twelve dogs were injected with IM AS at 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg into the left gluteal muscle. A second injection of only diluent was given in the right gluteal muscle. At 24 hours post-injection, plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were elevated above normal. Muscle biopsies showed myocyte necrosis and acute inflammation, which was worse on the treated side. At 7 days after injection, CK concentrations were normal. Muscle biopsies showed mineralization, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation with less difference between sides. Compared with intravenous administration, IM AS resulted in a prolonged half-life for both AS and DHA. Intramuscular AS also had a lower mean dose-adjusted C-max and a higher mean dose-adjusted area under the curve; but produced similar concentrations of dihydroartemisinin. These findings suggest that adverse reactions to IM artesunate are minor and temporary which justify further study of this route in treating severe malaria. C1 [Bennett, Kent; Si, Yuanzheng; Zhang, Jing; Li, Qigui] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Steinbach, Thomas] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bennett, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Kent.Bennett@us.army.mil; Yuanzheng.Si@amedd.army.mil; Thomas.Steinbach@med.navy.mil; Jing.Zhang@amedd.army.mil; Qigui.Li@amedd.army.mil RI Bennett, Kent/K-2742-2012 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700008 PM 18606761 ER PT J AU Cairo, J Durand, S Marquino, W Cabezas, C Lachira, A Quintana, F Vegas, W Ruebush, TK Utz, G Bacon, DJ AF Cairo, Javier Durand, Saloman Marquino, Wilmer Cabezas, Cesar Lachira, Arnaldo Quintana, Fernando Vegas, Walter Ruebush, Trenton K., II Utz, Gregory Bacon, David J. TI Short report: Surveillance for adverse drug reactions to combination antimalarial therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; DOUBLE-BLIND; TOLERABILITY; AMODIAQUINE; EFFICACY; SUDAN AB In 2001, Peru changed its treatment policy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the northern Pacific Coast to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine with atresunate (SP-AS). Because Peru was the first country in the Americas to adopt this combination therapy, we established a surveillance system in the region to assess the frequency of new or worsening symptoms after starting therapy. Over a period of two years, 1,552, or approximately two-thirds of all patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria who had received SP-AS on the northern coast were followed up. Of these, 8.8% reported at least one adverse effect, with the most common being vomiting, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, dizziness, and fever; no severe adverse effects related to SP-AS therapy were identified. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria with SP-AS was associated with a low frequency of mild adverse effects in Peru, and therefore should be considered as a first-line therapy in areas of the Americas where SP efficacy is still high. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. Minist Salud Piura, Direcc Reg Salud Piura, Piura, Peru. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM javier.cairolavado@yale.edu; salomondurand@gmail.com; ccabezas@ins.gob.pe; alachira@yahoo.com; truebush@usaid.gov; greg.utz@med.navy.mil; david.bacon@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI durand, salomon/0000-0002-5923-8879 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700009 PM 18606762 ER PT J AU Putnak, JR de La Barrera, R Burgess, T Pardo, J Dessy, F Gheysen, D Lobet, Y Green, S Endy, TP Thomas, SJ Eckels, KH Innis, BL Sun, W AF Putnak, J. Robert de la Barrera, Rafael Burgess, Timothy Pardo, Jorge Dessy, Francis Gheysen, Dirk Lobet, Yves Green, Sharone Endy, Timothy P. Thomas, Stephen J. Eckels, Kenneth H. Innis, Bruce L. Sun, Wellington TI Comparative evaluation of three assays for measurement of dengue virus neutralizing antibodies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFECTION; CELLS AB Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) are commonly used for measuring levels of dengue virus (DENV) neutralizing antibodies. However, these assays lack a standardized format, generally have a low sample throughput, and are labor-intensive. The objective of the present study was to evaluate two alternative DENY neutralizing antibody assays: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based microneutralization (MN) assay, and a fluorescent antibody cell sorter-based, DC-SIGN expresser dendritic cell (DC) assay. False-positive rates, serotype specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and agreement among the assay methods were assessed using well-characterized but limited numbers of coded test sera. Results showed that all three assays had false-positive rates of less than 10% with titers near the cut-off and generally below the estimated limits of detection. All three methods demonstrated a high degree of specificity and good agreement when used to assay sera and serum mixtures from monovalent vaccinees and sera from patients after primary natural infection, with the only notable exception being moderate-to-high neutralizing antibody titers against DENV 2 measured by PRNT in a mixture containing only DENY 3 and DENV 4 sera. The MN and DC assays demonstrated good reproducibility. All three assays were comparable in their sensitivity, except that the PRNT was less sensitive for measuring DENV 4 antibody, and the MN and DC assays were less sensitive for measuring DENV 2 antibody. However, when used to test sera from persons after tetravalent DENV vaccination or secondary DENY infection, there was poor specificity and poor agreement among the different assays. C1 [Putnak, J. Robert; Thomas, Stephen J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [de la Barrera, Rafael; Eckels, Kenneth H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Regulated Activ, Pilot Bioprod Facil, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Burgess, Timothy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pardo, Jorge] BD Biosci, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Dessy, Francis; Gheysen, Dirk; Lobet, Yves] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Global Vaccine Dev, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. [Green, Sharone] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Endy, Timothy P.] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Innis, Bruce L.] N Amer GlaxoSmithKline, Clin R&D & Med Affair Vaccines Virus Dis, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Sun, Wellington] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Putnak, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Suite 3A12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM robert.putnak@na.amedd.army.mil; rafael.delabarrera@na.amedd.army.mil; burgess.namru2@yahoo.com; Jorge_Pardo@bd.com; francis.dessy@gskbio.com; dirk.gheysen@gskbio.com; yves.lobet@gskbio.com; sharone.green@umassmed.edu; endyt@upstate.edu; stephen.thomas@na.amedd.army.mil; kenneth.eckels@amedd.army.mil; bruce.2.innis@gsk.com; wks4@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI34533] NR 16 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 322XD UT WOS:000257407700021 PM 18606774 ER PT J AU Ateya, DA Erickson, JS Howell, PB Hilliard, LR Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Ateya, Daniel A. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Hilliard, Lisa R. Golden, Joel P. Ligler, Frances S. TI The good, the bad, and the tiny: a review of microflow cytometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE flow cytometry; microfluidics; fluid focusing; integrated optics; cell sorter ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; MICROCHIP FLOW CYTOMETER; ACTIVATED CELL SORTER; ON-A-CHIP; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB Recent developments in microflow cytometry have concentrated on advancing technology in four main areas: (1) focusing the particles to be analyzed in the microfluidic channel, (2) miniaturization of the fluid-handling components, (3) miniaturization of the optics, and (4) integration and applications development. Strategies for focusing particles in a narrow path as they pass through the detection region include the use of focusing fluids, nozzles, and dielectrophoresis. Strategies for optics range from the use of microscope objectives to polymer waveguides or optical fibers embedded on-chip. While most investigators use off-chip fluidic control, there are a few examples of integrated valves and pumps. To date, demonstrations of applications are primarily used to establish that the microflow systems provide data of the same quality as laboratory systems, but new capabilities-such as automated sample staining-are beginning to emerge. Each of these four areas is discussed in detail in terms of the progress of development, the continuing limitations, and potential future directions for microflow cytometers. C1 [Ateya, Daniel A.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Hilliard, Lisa R.; Golden, Joel P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI075489-01, U01 AI075489] NR 92 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 8 U2 95 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1498 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1827-5 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 315VL UT WOS:000256908200004 PM 18228010 ER PT J AU Henry, LR Solomon, NP Howard, R Gurevich-Uvena, J Horst, LB Coppit, G Orlikoff, R Libutti, SK Shaha, AR Stojadinovic, A AF Henry, Leonard R. Solomon, Nancy Pearl Howard, Robin Gurevich-Uvena, Joyce Horst, Leah B. Coppit, George Orlikoff, Robert Libutti, Steven K. Shaha, Ashok R. Stojadinovic, Alexander TI The functional impact on voice of sternothyroid muscle division during thyroidectomy SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sternothyroid; voice; thyroidectomy ID SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE; EXTERNAL BRANCH; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; INJURY AB Background: Post-thyroidectomy voice dysfunction may occur in the absence of laryngeal nerve injury. Strap muscle division has been hypothesized as one potential contributor to dysphonia. Methods: Vocal-function data, prospectively recorded before and after thyroidectomy from two high-volume referral institutions, were utilized. Patient-reported symptoms, laryngoscopic, acoustic, and aerodynamic parameters were recorded at 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Patients with and without sternothyroid muscle division during surgery were compared for voice changes. Patients with laryngeal nerve injury, sternohyoid muscle division, arytenoid subluxation or no early postoperative follow-up evaluation were excluded. Differences between study groups and outcomes were compared using t-tests and rank-sum tests as appropriate. Results: Of 84 patients included, 45 had sternothyroid division. Distribution of age, gender, extent of thyroidectomy, specimen size, and laryngeal nerve identification rates did not differ significantly between groups. There was a significant predilection for or against sternothyroid muscle division according to medical center. No significant difference in reported voice symptoms was observed between groups 2 weeks or 3 months after thyroidectomy. Likewise, acoustic and aerodynamic parameters did not differ significantly between groups at these postoperative study time points. Conclusion: Sternothyroid muscle division is occasionally employed during thyroidectomy to gain superior pedicle exposure. Division of this muscle does not appear to be associated with adverse functional voice outcome, and should be utilized at surgeon discretion during thyroidectomy. C1 [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Surg Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] USA, Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Henry, Leonard R.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Surg Oncol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Solomon, Nancy Pearl; Gurevich-Uvena, Joyce] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Howard, Robin] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Biostat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Horst, Leah B.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Anesthesia, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Coppit, George] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Orlikoff, Robert] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Libutti, Steven K.] Natl Canc Inst, Surg Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Shaha, Ashok R.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Head & Neck Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Stojadinovic, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Surg Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Alexander.stojadinovic@na.amedd.army.mil OI Orlikoff, Robert/0000-0003-0048-6541 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 BP 2027 EP 2033 DI 10.1245/s10434-008-9936-8 PG 7 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 320GY UT WOS:000257222900029 PM 18459003 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Luo, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, Lingen Luo, Jun Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Design efficiency optimization of one-dimensional multi-stage axial-flow compressor SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE multi-stage axial-flow compressor; efficiency; analytical relation; optimization ID STAGE; FAN AB A model for the optimal design of a multi-stage compressor, assuming a fixed configuration of the flow-path, is presented. The absolute inlet and exit angles of the rotor, the absolute exit angle of the stator, and the relative gas densities at the inlet and exit stations of the stator, of every stage, are taken as the design variables. Analytical relations of the compressor elemental stage and the multi-stage compressor are obtained. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effects of various parameters on the optimal performance of the multi-stage compressor. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Lingen; Luo, Jun; Sun, Fengrui] Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chih] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 85 IS 7 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.10.003 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 299YI UT WOS:000255791100008 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, Lingen Li, Jun Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Performance optimization for a two-stage thermoelectric heat-pump with internal and external irreversibilities SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric heat-pump; finite-time thermodynamics; non-equilibrium thermodynamics; optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; TRANSFER LAW; THERMODYNAMICS; COEFFICIENT; LOAD AB A model of the behaviour of a two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric heat-pump with external heat transfer is devised. Performance of the heat-pump, assuming Newton's beat-transfer law, is analyzed using the combination of finite-time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The analytical formula describing the heating load versus working electric-current, and the coefficient of performance (COP) versus working electric-current are derived. For the fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of number of thermoelectric elements of the top stage to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized for maximizing the heating load and the COP of the thermoelectric heat-pump. The effects of design factors on the performance are analyzed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Lingen; Li, Jun; Sun, Fengrui] Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chih] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 85 IS 7 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.10.005 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 299YI UT WOS:000255791100010 ER PT J AU Van Noord, BA Cupp, CL AF Van Noord, Brandon A. Cupp, Craig L. TI Safety of surgeon-directed conscious sedation in nasal surgery SO ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Van Noord, Brandon A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Van Noord, BA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM brandon.vannoord@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1521-2491 J9 ARCH FACIAL PLAST S JI Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1001/archfaci.10.4.282 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 327US UT WOS:000257754600012 PM 18645099 ER PT J AU Chase, MS AF Chase, Michael S. TI Taiwan's arms procurement debate and the demise of the special budget proposal - Domestic politics in command SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article DE Taiwan; defense; defense budget; national security; arms purchases AB Despite the growing security threat posed by Chinese military modernization, Taiwan still has not completed the purchase of some of the key components of the arms sales package the United States approved in April 2001. The reasons include overconfidence in U. S. security assurances, underestimation of Chinese capabilities and resolve, and highly divisive domestic Taiwanese politics. C1 USN, War Coll Newprot, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chase, MS (reprint author), USN, War Coll Newprot, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM michael.chase@nwc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 BP 703 EP 724 DI 10.1525/as.2008.48.4.703 PG 22 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 344SG UT WOS:000258947000008 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Peterson, DM Zagarello, RJ Armstrong, JT Pauls, T AF Yoon, Jinmi Peterson, Deane M. Zagarello, Robert J. Armstrong, J. Thomas Pauls, Thomas TI The effect of rotation on the spectrum of Vega SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; stars : abundances; stars : chemically peculiar; stars : early-type; stars : individual (Vega); stars : rotation ID LAMBDA-BOOTIS STARS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STELLAR EVOLUTION; CHARA ARRAY; POLE-ON; ABUNDANCES; ALTAIR AB The discovery that Vega is a rapidly rotating pole-on star has raised a number of questions about this fundamental standard, including such issues as its composition, and in turn its mass and age. We report here a reanalysis of Vega's composition. A full spectral synthesis based on the Roche model derived earlier from NPOI interferometry is used. We find the line shapes in Vega's spectrum to be more complex than just flat-bottomed, which have been previously reported; profiles range from slightly self-reversed to simple ''V'' shapes. A high S/N spectrum, obtained by stacking spectra from the ELODIE archive, shows excellent agreement with the calculations, provided we add about 10 km s(-1) of macroturbulence to the predicted spectra. From the abundance analysis, we find that Vega shows the peculiar abundance pattern of a lambda Bootis star as previously suggested. We investigate the effects of rotation on the deduced abundances and show that the dominant ionization states are only slightly affected compared to analyses using nonrotating models. We argue that the rapid rotation requires that the star be fully mixed. The composition leads to masses and particularly ages that are quite different compared to what are usually assumed. C1 [Yoon, Jinmi; Peterson, Deane M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zagarello, Robert J.] PCPION, S Setauket, NY 11720 USA. [Armstrong, J. Thomas; Pauls, Thomas] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoon, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jyoon@grad.physics.sunysb.edu; dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu; rzagarello@mail.astro.sunysb.edu; tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; pauls@nrl.navy.mil OI Yoon, Jinmi/0000-0002-4168-239X NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1086/588550 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FM UT WOS:000257290100050 ER PT J AU Li, Y Lynch, BJ Stenborg, G Luhmann, JG Huttunen, KEJ Welsch, BT Liewer, PC Vourlidas, A AF Li, Y. Lynch, B. J. Stenborg, G. Luhmann, J. G. Huttunen, K. E. J. Welsch, B. T. Liewer, P. C. Vourlidas, A. TI The solar magnetic field and coronal dynamics of the eruption on 2007 May 19 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : filaments; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID MASS EJECTION; FLUX ROPES; EVOLUTION; FILAMENT; TOPOLOGY; IMAGER; MODEL AB The solar eruption on 2007 May 19, from AR 10956 near solar disk center, consisted of a B9.5 flare ( 12: 48 UT), a filament eruption, an EUV dimming, a coronal wave, and a multifront CME. The eruption was observed by the twin STEREO spacecraft at a separation angle of 8.5 degrees. We report analysis of the source region photospheric magnetic field and its preeruption evolution using MDI magnetograms, the coronal magnetic field topology estimated via PFSS modeling, and the coronal dynamics of the eruption through STEREO EUVI wavelet-enhanced anaglyph movies. Despite its moderate magnitude and size, AR 10956 was a complex and highly nonpotential active region with a multipolar configuration, and hosted frequent flares, multiple filament eruptions, and CMEs. In the 2 days prior to the May 19 eruption, the total unsigned magnetic flux of the region decreased by similar to 17%. We interpret the photospheric magnetic field evolution, the coronal field topology, and the observed coronal dynamics in the context of current models of CME initiation and discuss the prospects for future MHD modeling inspired by these analyses. C1 [Li, Y.; Lynch, B. J.; Luhmann, J. G.; Huttunen, K. E. J.; Welsch, B. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Huttunen, K. E. J.] Univ Helsinki, Div Theoret Phys, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yanli@ssl.berkeley.edu; blynch@ssl.berkeley.edu; stenborg@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov; jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu; huttunen@ssl.berkeley.edu; welsch@ssl.berkeley.edu; paulett.liewer@jpl.nasa.gov; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/590340 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LO UT WOS:000257660800010 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT Warren, HP Williams, DR Watanabe, T AF Mariska, John T. Warren, Harry P. Williams, David R. Watanabe, Tetsuya TI Observations of Doppler shift oscillations with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : oscillations; Sun : UV radiation ID LOOP OSCILLATIONS; CORONAL LOOP; SOLAR-FLARE; WAVES; SUMER; HOT; MISSION; REGION AB Damped Doppler shift oscillations have been observed in emission lines from ions formed at flare temperatures with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on Yohkoh. This Letter reports the detection of low-amplitude damped oscillations in coronal emission lines formed at much lower temperatures observed with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on the Hinode satellite. The oscillations have an amplitude of about 2 km s(-1) and a period of around 35 minutes. The decay times show some evidence for a temperature dependence with the lowest temperature of formation emission line (Fe XII 195.12 angstrom) exhibiting a decay time of about 43 minutes, while the highest temperature of formation emission line (Fe XV 284.16 angstrom) shows no evidence for decay over more than two periods of the oscillation. The data appear to be consistent with slow magnetoacoustic standing waves, but may be inconsistent with conductive damping. C1 [Mariska, John T.; Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Williams, David R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/590341 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LO UT WOS:000257660800011 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Metzger, EJ Hogan, PJ AF Zamudio, L. Metzger, E. J. Hogan, P. J. TI A note on coastally trapped waves generated by the wind at the Northern Bight of Panama SO ATMOSFERA LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; WEST-COAST; PACIFIC COAST; MEXICO; CIRCULATION; TEHUANTEPEC; GULF; AMERICA; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA AB An operational version of the Navy Layered Ocean Model is used to Study the generation of a coastally trapped wave forced by a strong and intermittent wind event at the Northern Bight of Panama. This study identifies the winds at the Northern Bight of Panama as a new source for the generation of coastally trapped waves along the west coast of the North American continent. The results indicate that after its generation, the wave propagated poleward increasing the sea level > 10 cm, producing surface currents > 50 cm/s, and traveling > 1200 km. The generation and existence of the coastally trapped wave and the model results are validated with sea surface height coastal tide gauge observations. C1 [Zamudio, L.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Metzger, E. J.; Hogan, P. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM Luis.Zamudio@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM PI MEXICO CITY PA CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO SN 0187-6236 J9 ATMOSFERA JI Atmosfera PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 339WC UT WOS:000258607000002 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Gumbs, GR Conlin, AMS Sevick, CJ Jacobson, IG Snell, KJ Spooner, CN Smith, TC AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Gumbs, Gia R. Conlin, Ava Marie S. Sevick, Carter J. Jacobson, Isabel G. Snell, Katherine J. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Tyler C. CA Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Reg TI Evaluation of preterm births and birth defects in liveborn infants of US military women who received smallpox vaccine SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Force Health Protection Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2008 CL Louisville, KY DE smallpox vaccine; vaccinia; maternal exposures; birth defects; preterm birth ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ACTIVE-DUTY; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; VIETNAM VETERANS; SERVICE MEMBERS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Women serving in the US military have some unique occupational exposures, including exposure to vaccinations that are rarely required in civilian professions. When vaccinations are inadvertently given during pregnancy, such exposures raise special concerns. These analyses address health outcomes, particularly preterm births and birth defects, among infants who appear to have been exposed to maternal smallpox vaccination in pregnancy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 31;420 infants born to active-duty military women during 2003-2004. We used Department of Defense databases to define maternal vaccination and infant health outcomes. Multivariable regression models were developed to describe Associations between maternal smallpox vaccination and preterm births and birth defects in liveborn infants. RESULTS: There were 7,735 infants identified as born to women ever vaccinated against smallpox, and 672 infants born to women vaccinated in the first trimester of pregnancy. In multivariable modeling; maternal smallpox vaccination in pregnancy was not associated with preterm or extreme preterm delivery. Maternal smallpox vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy was not significantly associated with overall birth defects (OR 1.40; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.07), or any of seven specific defects individually modeled. CONCLUSIONS: Results may be reassuring that smallpox vaccine, when inadvertently administered to pregnant women, is not associated with preterm delivery or birth defects in liveborn infants. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Conlin, Ava Marie S.; Sevick, Carter J.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Snell, Katherine J.; Spooner, Christina N.; Smith, Tyler C.; Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Reg] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res,Dept 164, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res,Dept 164, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 7 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1002/bdra.20470 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 329YP UT WOS:000257906800006 PM 18496830 ER PT J AU Prabhakaran, K Ghosh, D Chapman, GD Gunasekar, PG AF Prabhakaran, K. Ghosh, D. Chapman, G. D. Gunasekar, P. G. TI Molecular mechanism of manganese exposure-induced dopaminergic toxicity SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE manganese; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; transcription factor; apoptosis; dopamine ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; L-DOPA; RAT STRIATUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PC12 CELLS; MPTP MODEL; NEUROTOXICITY; ACTIVATION AB Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is found in varying amounts in aerosols or dust. Exposure to atmospheric Mn at high concentration is a risk factor in humans that can manifest as neuronal degeneration resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). Since the underlying mechanism of Mn and dopamine (DA) interaction-induced cell death remains unclear, here, we showed that Mn exposure alone to mesencephalic cells for 24 h induced minimal apoptotic cell death. However, cells pre-exposed to DA for 2 h accelerated Mn-induced apoptosis. The vulnerability of Mn-induced apoptotic cell death to DA was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ApoptagTUNEL staining (terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase DNA labeling). This was further confirmed by the cell viability assay to support our hypothesis that DA at the cellular level interacts with Mn and causes cells to be more susceptible. Pretreatment with nitric oxide blocker (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI), vitamin E or NF-kappa B inhibitor (SN50) significantly protected the cells from Mn and DA interaction-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that Mn in the presence of DA markedly induced induction of NOS (iNOS) expression. Pretreatment with 7-NI, SN50 or vitamin E significantly attenuated increased iNOS expression indicating that iNOS expression is regulated by ROS and the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Further, the generation of ROS as an early event in Mn and DA interaction is not controlled by NF-kappa B as SN50 pretreatment did not prevent ROS. These findings suggest that NF-kappa B induction and the activation of nitric oxide synthase through ROS represent a proximate mechanism for Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Prabhakaran, K.; Chapman, G. D.; Gunasekar, P. G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ghosh, D.] Texas So Univ, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Gunasekar, PG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Area B,Bldg 837, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM palur.gunasekar@wpafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.004 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 313EP UT WOS:000256724200005 PM 18502311 ER PT J AU Gattinger, RL Degenstein, DA Llewellyn, EJ Stevens, MH AF Gattinger, R. L. Degenstein, D. A. Llewellyn, E. J. Stevens, M. H. TI OH A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi band ratios observed in the mesosphere by OSIRIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB In this study, we present spectra of the mesospheric OH A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi band system, including the 0-0, 1-1, and 1-0 bands, as observed by OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System). Spectral components due to Rayleigh-scattered sunlight, lower thermospheric dayglow emission features, and baffle scatter have been removed to isolate the OH emission signature. The observed spectra arc compared with model spectra assembled using rotational emission rate factors for solar resonance fluorescence (g-factors) plus prompt emission of the OH A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi band system from solar Lyman-alpha photodissociation of water. The observed band ratios are in good agreement with the model values. The altitude variation of the 0-0 band, relative to the 1-1 band, is in agreement with model predictions based on vibrational energy transfer from OH A(2)Sigma(+)v' = 1 to OH A(2)Sigma(+)v' = 0. This detailed understanding of the OH A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi system is critical for the Successful application of OH observations to the determination of mesospheric OH densities and water vapor concentrations. C1 [Gattinger, R. L.; Degenstein, D. A.; Llewellyn, E. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Stevens, M. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Llewellyn, EJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, 116 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM edward.llewellyn@usask.ca FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Office of Naval Research; (SNSB); CSA; CNES; Tekes FX This work was supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada). MHS was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES) and Finland (Tekes). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 86 IS 7 BP 857 EP 862 DI 10.1139/P08-015 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348EP UT WOS:000259194100001 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Sumant, AV AF Butler, James E. Sumant, Anirudha V. TI The CVD of nanodiamond materials SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Review DE growth; nanocrystalline diamond; nucleation; ultra-nanocrystalline diamond ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPED ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE PLASMA CVD; SILICON-ON-DIAMOND; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; THIN-FILMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB The growth and characteristics of nanocrystalline diamond thin films with thicknesses from 20 nm to less than 5 mu m are reviewed. These materials contain between 95% and >99.9% diamond crystallites, the balance being made up from other forms of carbon. Within this class of materials there is a continuous range of composition, characteristics, and properties which depend on the nucleation and growth conditions. It is convenient to classify these films as either ultra-nanocrystalline-diamond (UNCD) or nanocrystalline-diamond (NCD) based on their microstructure, properties, and growth environment. In general, UNCD materials are composed of small particles of diamond ca. 2-5 nm in size with sp(2)-carbon bonding between the particles. UNCD is usually grown in argon-rich, hydrogen-poor CVD environments, and may contain up to 95-98% sp(3)-bonded carbon. NCD materials start with high density nucleation, initiating nanometer-sized diamond domains which grow in a columnar manner with the grain size coarsening with thickness. NCD is generally grown in carbon-lean and hydrogen-rich environments. NCD and UNCD exhibit an interesting range of physical properties which find use in X-ray windows and lithography, micro- and nanomechanical and optical resonators, tribological shaft seats and atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, electron field emitters, platforms for chemical and DNA sensing, and many other applications. C1 [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, GasSurface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sumant, Anirudha V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, GasSurface Dynam Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.butler@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory; DARPA/MTO; US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory and DARPA/MTO. The use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. JEB thanks S. Rotter, T. Feygelson, K. Hobart, and H. Windischmann for their assistance on NCD. AVS thanks his collaborators Orlando Auciello, Robert W. Carpick, David Grierson, John Carlisle. and PUPA Gilbert on the work on UNCD. The authors thank the referees for constructive comments. NR 157 TC 152 Z9 156 U1 7 U2 139 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7-8 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1002/cvde.200700037 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 349SD UT WOS:000259302700002 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral myositis SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; PRIMARY PSOAS ABSCESS; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS MYOSITIS; INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; RICKETTSIA-CONORII INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil NR 266 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 473 EP 494 DI 10.1128/CMR.00001-08 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 340TH UT WOS:000258667400006 PM 18625683 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Sanders, JW Jones, JJ Webb, SC AF Riddle, Mark S. Sanders, John W. Jones, James J. Webb, Schuyler C. TI Self-reported combat stress indicators among troops deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: an epidemiological study SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MILITARY; CARE; WAR; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; DISORDER AB Evident mental health needs among combat veterans after their return from combat have been described, whereas available data describing the mental health status of military personnel during deployment are few. Data were collected from personnel systematically selected from current combat regions participating in a rest and recuperation program in Doha, Qatar. Overall, 40620 troops completed a clinic screening form between October 2003 and January 2005. Rates of self-reported depression among troops in Afghanistan were lower than those of Iraq (32.3 vs 69.7 per 10000, P < .0001). Feelings of depression and self-harm were inversely correlated with rank (4-level ordinal grouping) (beta(Coef) = -.21, P = .0006; beta(Coef) = -0.49, P < .00001, respectively). Distinct temporal trends found in reported combat stress and monthly mortality rates were noted. These data support previous reports of higher mental health problems among troops in Iraq as compared with troops in Afghanistan and lower health care-seeking behavior overall. In an effort to remove barriers to care and minimize combat stress effects, it is critical to recognize mental health needs and initiate services during combat deployments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Riddle, Mark S.; Sanders, John W.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Jones, James J.] USAF Cent Command, Troop Med Clin, Doha, Qatar. [Webb, Schuyler C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM riddlem@nmrc.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0010-440X J9 COMPR PSYCHIAT JI Compr. Psychiat. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.07.007 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 318PH UT WOS:000257103600005 PM 18555053 ER PT J AU Pidaparti, RM Rao, AS AF Pidaparti, Ramana M. Rao, Appajoysula S. TI Analysis of Pits induced stresses due to metal corrosion SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; pit induced corrosion; SEM; stresses; finite element analysis ID PITTING CORROSION; LOCALIZED CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEELS; INITIATION; ALUMINUM; MICROSCOPY; GROWTH AB The corrosion damage due to pitting is commonly observed in a wide range of aluminum alloys and structural steels that are being used for aerospace and naval structural applications. In order to predict the nucleation of cracks resulting from nucleation and growth of pits, there is a need to obtain the stress environment around pits. The objective of this study is to investigate the pits induced stresses responsible for possible crack nucleation using the photomicrographs of corroded aluminum 5059 alloy samples using stress analysis. An analysis procedure is developed using CAD and finite element analysis to predict stresses due to single and/or multiple corroded pits. The analysis was performed to investigate stress distributions on the corrosion surface as a function of sensitization time. The results obtained indicate that as the duration of the specimen sensitization increased from 50 days to 74 days, the highest stress levels have increased by about 56%. However, further increase in the sensitization time from 74 to 100 days has very little effect on the stress level. The observed severe exfoliation or the tearing of the sample surface layers in and around the pits is due to the nucleation and coalescence of fine cracks. The cracks are nucleated because of the production and the buildup of differential stresses along the sample thickness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pidaparti, Ramana M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Rao, Appajoysula S.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Met Engn, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Pidaparti, RM (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM rmpidaparti@vcu.edu; appajosula.rao@navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0505039]; Naval Surface Warfare Center [61, 60] FX The author (R.M.P.) thank graduate student Mr. Kittisak Koombua and undergraduate student Mr. Franco Alvarez for help with simulations reported in the paper. Both the authors thank Dr. Airen Perez of the US Office of Naval Research for funding this work. The author (R.M.P.) thanks the National Science Foundation for sponsoring this research through grant DMR-0505039. The author (A.S.R.) would like to thank the Heads of Code 61 and 60 of the Naval Surface Warfare Center for providing funding for this modeling effort. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1932 EP 1938 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.05.003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 338XV UT WOS:000258543600016 ER PT J AU Stanley, PF Tanzer, DJ Schallhorn, SC AF Stanley, Philip F. Tanzer, David J. Schallhorn, Steven C. TI Laser refractive surgery in the United States Navy SO CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advanced surface ablation; contrast sensitivity; femtosecond; LASIK; photorefractive keratectomy; sub-Bowman's keratomileusis AB Purpose of review The aim of this article is to highlight the numerous contributions the US Navy has made to the field of laser refractive surgery. It summarizes and draws together published papers, national meeting presentations, and unpublished data of clinical and laboratory studies involving the excimer laser and the laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap. Recent findings Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the most widely performed refractive procedure in the US Navy, but this trend is slowly changing as femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK becomes more widely performed. Based on the results of recent studies, PRK is approved for designated Naval aviators and flight officers; post-PRK students are now allowed into flight training. Wavefront-guided PRK and LASIK are more predictable and provided better results than conventional PRK and LASIK. Femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK is now a waiverable procedure for US military personnel and US Astronauts (excluding Naval aviators, as of this writing). Summary Since its personnel must meet strict visual requirements to accomplish their mission in a variety of environments, the US Navy places particular emphasis on safety and quality of vision after laser refractive surgery. The US Navy has been evaluating the safety and efficacy of laser refractive surgery since 1993 and will continue to do so. C1 [Stanley, Philip F.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Wilmer Ophthalmol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tanzer, David J.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Stanley, PF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Wilmer Ophthalmol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM fatvette@yahoo.com NR 7 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8738 J9 CURR OPIN OPHTHALMOL JI Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283009ee3 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 320LR UT WOS:000257236500008 PM 18545015 ER PT J AU Sarasvathy, S Dew, N AF Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nicholas TI Effectuation and over-trust: Debating Goel and Karri SO ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ECONOMICS; ENTREPRENEURS AB In their article on entrepreneurship, effectuation, and over-trust, Goel and Karri suggest relationships between effectuation, over-trust, and certain psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs. In this response we debate their article. Goel and Karri are correct in claiming that effectuation supposes over-trust. However, we argue that effectual logic works in a different way than they presented because it neither predicts nor assumes trust. Goel and Karri's article also draws attention to the behavioral assumptions underlying constructs such as over-(under) trust. Our suggestion is that effectuation is based on alternative behavioral assumptions that open up interesting avenues for future research in entrepreneurship. C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Sarasvathy, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM sarasvathys@darden.vrginia.edu NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1042-2587 J9 ENTREP THEORY PRACT JI Entrep. Theory Pract. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00250.x PG 11 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 315EK UT WOS:000256860600007 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Chen, YC Lu, SH AF Chu, Peter C. Chen, Yuchun Lu, Shihua TI Afforestation for reduction of NOX concentration in Lanzhou China SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 3rd International Symposium on Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales/14th IUAPPA Regional Conference CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Union Air Pollut Prevent & Environm Protect Assoc DE mountain-slope afforestation; NOX concentration; RAMS-HYPACT; air pollution index; mountain-breeze circulation; stable stratification; inversion ID MODEL AB Lanzhou is one of the major industrial cities in northwest China, the capital of Gansu Province, and located at a northwest-to-southeast oriented valley basin with elevation about 1500-1600-m. Due to topographic and meteorological characteristics, Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in China. Meteorological conditions (low winds, stable stratification especially inversion), pollutant sources and sinks affect the air quality. Lanzhou government carried out afforestation and pollutant-source reduction (closing several heavy industrial factories) to improve the air quality for the past two decades. In this study, effect of afforestation on reducing the NOX concentration is investigated numerically using RAMS-HYPACT model. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, Peter C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Yuchun; Lu, Shihua] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Atmospher Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 688 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325WO UT WOS:000257619600016 PM 18258303 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Chen, YC Lu, SH Li, ZC Lu, YQ AF Chu, Peter C. Chen, Yuchun Lu, Shihua Li, Zhenchao Lu, Yaqiong TI Particulate air pollution in Lanzhou China SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 3rd International Symposium on Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales/14th IUAPPA Regional Conference CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Union Air Pollut Prevent & Environm Protect Assoc DE particulate pollutants; dust storm; air quality; air pollution index; TSP; PM10 ID ASIAN DUST EVENTS; APRIL 1998; SOIL DUST; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC AB Concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and PM10 in Lanzhou China have been kept high for the past two decades. Data collected during the intensive observational period from October 1999 to April 2001 show high TSP and PM10 concentrations. Starting from November, the PM10 pollution intensifies, and reaches mid to high alert level of air pollution, continues until April next year, and is at low alert level in the summer. In the winter and spring, the TSP concentration is 2-10 times higher than the third-level criterion of air quality (severe pollution). Effects of intrinsic factors (sources of pollution) and remote preconditions (propagation of dust storms) for severe PM10 and TSP pollution in Lanzhou are analyzed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, Peter C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, NOAP Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Yuchun; Lu, Shihua; Li, Zhenchao] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yaqiong] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, NOAP Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 23 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 698 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.013 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325WO UT WOS:000257619600017 PM 18234337 ER PT J AU Anam, K Davis, TA AF Anam, Khairul Davis, Thomas A. TI Transcriptional profile of growth factor, cytokine and chemokine receptors in bone marrow HSC versus SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ISEH 37th Annual Scientific Meeting/6th International Neonatal Hematology and Immunology Meeting CY JUL 09-12, 2008 CL Boston, MA C1 [Anam, Khairul; Davis, Thomas A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 SU 1 BP S25 EP S26 PG 2 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 322BF UT WOS:000257349500058 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Gillevet, PM Sikaroodi, M Pohlman, JW Plummer, RE Coffin, RB AF Hamdan, Leila J. Gillevet, Patrick M. Sikaroodi, Masoumeh Pohlman, John W. Plummer, Rebecca E. Coffin, Richard B. TI Geomicrobial characterization of gas hydrate-bearing sediments along the mid-Chilean margin SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methane; sulfate; Chilean margin; bacterial diversity; AOM; length heterogeneity-PCR ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; LENGTH HETEROGENEITY PCR; DEEP MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; HYDROTHERMAL VENT; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; REDUCTION RATES AB Bacterial diversity in eight sediment cores from the mid-Chilean margin was studied using length heterogeneity (LH)-PCR, and described in relation to in situ geochemical conditions. DNA from the sulfate-methane transition (SMT) of three cores [one containing methane gas; two proximal to a gas hydrate mound (GHM)] was cloned and sequenced. Clones related to uncultured relatives of Desulfosarcina variabilis were found in all clone libraries and dominated one. Desulfosarcina variabilis related clones were similar to phylotypes observed at the SMT in association with anaerobic methane oxidation in the Eel River basin, Cascadia margin and the Gulf of Mexico. The LH-PCR amplicon associated with D. variabilis clones matched the amplicon that dominated most SMT samples, indicating environmental selection for D. variabilis relatives. Clones related to the Verrucomicrobia dominated the library for the methane gas-containing core. Uncultured Treponema relatives dominated the library for the core obtained on the edge of a GHM. Statistical analysis using geochemical data to describe variance in LH-PCR data revealed that stable carbon isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon are the principal structuring factor on SMT communities. These data suggest that D. variabilis relatives are involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane at the SMT in Chilean margin sediments. C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.; Coffin, Richard B.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA USA. [Pohlman, John W.; Plummer, Rebecca E.] USN, Res Lab, SAIC, Washington, DC USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00507.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 313BX UT WOS:000256717200002 PM 18522645 ER PT J AU Busemann, H Nguyen, AN Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Zega, TJ Cody, G Yabuta, H Kilcoyne, ALD AF Busemann, H. Nguyen, A. N. Nittler, L. R. Stroud, R. M. Zega, T. J. Cody, G. Yabuta, H. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. TI Interplanetary dust collected in the comet Grigg-Skjellerup dust stream SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Busemann, H.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Busemann, H.; Nguyen, A. N.; Nittler, L. R.; Cody, G.; Yabuta, H.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Stroud, R. M.; Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab Washington, Washington, DC USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley Hts, NJ USA. EM h.busemann@open.ac.uk RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A124 EP A124 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600254 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Ebel, DS AF De Gregorio, B. T. Stroud, R. M. Ebel, D. S. TI Pre- and post-accretionary carbonates in the Renazzo CR chondrite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [De Gregorio, B. T.; Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ebel, D. S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM bradley.degregorio@nrl.navy.mil RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A208 EP A208 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600422 ER EF