FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Kramer, KE Rose-Pehrsson, SL Johnson, KJ Minor, CP AF Kramer, Kirsten E. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Johnson, Kevin J. Minor, Christian P. BE Ryan, MA Shevade, AV Taylor, CJ Homer, ML Blanco, M Stetter, JR TI Hybrid Arrays for Chemical Sensing SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SENSOR MATERIAL SELECTION SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; GAS SENSOR ARRAY; IDENTICAL TRANSDUCER PRINCIPLE; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; FIRE DETECTION; ELECTRONIC NOSE; MICROSENSOR ARRAYS; METHANOL VAPOR; DATA FUSION; SYSTEM AB In recent years, multisensory approaches to environment monitoring for chemical detection as well as other forms of situational awareness have become increasingly popular. A hybrid sensor is a multimodal system that incorporates several sensing elements and thus produces data that are multivariate in nature and may be significantly increased in complexity compared to data provided by single-sensor systems. Though a hybrid sensor is itself an array, hybrid sensors are often organized into more complex sensing systems through an assortment of network topologies. Part of the reason for the shift to hybrid sensors is due to advancements in sensor technology and computational power available for processing larger amounts of data. There is also ample evidence to support the claim that a multivariate analytical approach is generally superior to univariate measurements because it provides additional redundant and complementary information (Hall, D. L.; Linas, J., Eds., Handbook of Multisensor Data Fusion, CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2001). However, the benefits of a multisensory approach are not automatically achieved. Interpretation of data from hybrid arrays of sensors requires the analyst to develop an application-specific methodology to optimally fuse the disparate sources of data generated by the hybrid array into useful information characterizing the sample or environment being observed. Consequently, multivariate data analysis techniques such as those employed in the field of chemometrics have become more important in analyzing sensor array data. Depending on the nature of the acquired data, a number of chemometric algorithms may prove useful in the analysis and interpretation of data from hybrid sensor arrays. It is important to note, however, that the challenges posed by the analysis of hybrid sensor array data are not unique to the field of chemical sensing. Applications in electrical and process engineering, remote sensing, medicine, and of course, artificial intelligence and robotics, all share the same essential data fusion challenges. The design of a hybrid sensor array should draw on this extended body of knowledge. In this chapter, various techniques for data preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, and modeling of sensor data will be introduced and illustrated with data fusion approaches that have been implemented in applications involving data from hybrid arrays. The example systems discussed in this chapter involve the development of prototype sensor networks for damage control event detection aboard US Navy vessels and the development of analysis algorithms to combine multiple sensing techniques for enhanced remote detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in both ground surveys and wide area assessments. C1 [Kramer, Kirsten E.] Cognis Corp, Cincinnati Innovat Concept Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. [Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Johnson, Kevin J.; Minor, Christian P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Minor, Christian P.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kramer, KE (reprint author), Cognis Corp, Cincinnati Innovat Concept Ctr, 4900 Este Ave,Bldg 53, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. EM kirsten.kramer@cognis.com; rosepehrsson@nrl.navy.mil NR 114 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-73714-0 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2009 BP 265 EP 298 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_12 PG 34 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BLW29 UT WOS:000271213000012 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. BE Rubin, B TI Innovation and war The US military and the Iraq insurgency SO CONFLICT AND INSURGENCY IN THE CONTEMPORARY MIDDLE EAST SE Middle Eastern Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRATEGY C1 [Russell, James A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88187-3 J9 MIDDLE E MIL STUD PY 2009 BP 266 EP 282 D2 10.4324/9780203881873 PG 17 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA BNP13 UT WOS:000275168200014 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, Elizabeth M. TI CURRICULAR AND CULTURAL INTERSECTIONS: TEACHING FRANCE AND THE ARAB WORLD SO CONTEMPORARY FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1740-9292 J9 CONTEMP FR FRANCOPH JI Contemp. Fr. Francoph. Stud. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1080/17409290902938776 PG 9 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 458JA UT WOS:000267012400010 ER PT B AU Phillips, JT Ward, CVL AF Phillips, Jason T. Ward, Cynthia V. L. BE Moely, BE Billig, SH Holland, BA TI TWO-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH FOR ASSESSING TRANSFORMATIVE CAMPUS/COMMUNITY SERVICE-LEARNING PARTNERSHIPS SO CREATING OUR IDENTITIES IN SERVICE-LEARNING AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SE Advances in Service-Learning Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Research on campus/community service-learning is often bounded by linear approaches that do not do justice to the complexity of the construct. This study addressed the issue by designing and testing a 2-dimensional instrument for assessing the transformational qualities of service-learning partnerships from the 2 perspectives: type and extent and from the 2 sides of the divide-campus and community. C1 [Phillips, Jason T.] USN Acad, Prep Sch, Newport, RI USA. RP Phillips, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Prep Sch, Newport, RI USA. EM jasontphillips1@aol.com; cward@jwu.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-60752-288-1 J9 ADV SERV LEARN RES PY 2009 BP 103 EP 127 PG 25 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BLY67 UT WOS:000271458000005 ER PT B AU McWilliams, M AF McWilliams, Mark BE Elbert, M Drews, M TI CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION: HOWELLS, JAMES, AND THE GILDED AGE RESTAURANT SO CULINARY AESTHETICS AND PRACTICES IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE SE Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McWilliams, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23010-314-6 J9 NINET-CENTURY MAJOR PY 2009 BP 35 EP 52 D2 10.1057/9780230103146 PG 18 WC Literary Theory & Criticism; Literature, American SC Literature GA BSH54 UT WOS:000284463800003 ER PT S AU Meyer, K Platnick, S Yang, P Gad, BC AF Meyer, Kerry Platnick, Steven Yang, Ping Gad, Bo-Cai BE Nakajima, T Yamasoe, MA TI Cirrus Cloud Optical Thickness from Reflectance Measurements in the MODIS 1.38-mu m Channel SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Coordinat Improve Higher Educat Personnel, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, EKO Instruments, Sao Paulo St Res Support Fdn, Natl Inst Sp Res, Itaipu Binatl, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kipp & Zonen, NASA, Univ Sao Paulo, Grad Prorectorate ID SCATTERING; DEPTH AB Cirrus cloud radiative properties are derived using reflectance measurements in the "cirrus detection" channel, centered at 1.38-mu m, of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The 1.38-mu m channel is located within a spectral region of strong water vapor absorption; thus, under many circumstances, measured reflectance within this channel is solely attributable to ice clouds (e.g., cirrus). Following a look-up table approach, a new method has been developed to derive cirrus cloud optical thickness on a global scale from reflectance measurements in the 1.38-mu m channel. The pre-calculated look-up tables are constructed from forward radiative transfer calculations using the discrete-ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) method coupled with the new bulk-scattering properties of ice clouds developed for the Collection 005 MODIS cloud product (MOD06). An analysis of the various 1.38-mu m based cirrus retrievals follows. Rigorous forward modeling of realistic cloud scenarios facilitates the establishment of uncertainty estimates for each retrieval technique. It has been found that relatively large uncertainties can result from inadequate knowledge of the cloud microphysics (i.e., ice particle effective size). C1 [Meyer, Kerry; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atm Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gad, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. S NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0635-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1100 BP 404 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJG63 UT WOS:000265672300099 ER PT S AU Obenschain, SP Sethian, JD Schmitt, A Colombant, D AF Obenschain, Stephen P. Sethian, John D. Schmitt, Andrew Colombant, Dennis BE Panarella, E Raman, R TI PROGRESS TOWARD DEVELOPMENT OF A LASER BASED FUSION TEST FACILITY SO CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Evaluation of Current Trends in Fusion Research CY MAR 05-09, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Fus Reactor Technol C1 [Obenschain, Stephen P.; Sethian, John D.; Schmitt, Andrew; Colombant, Dennis] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Obenschain, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0691-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1154 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BLE22 UT WOS:000269998900025 ER PT J AU Chang, KI Kim, K Kim, YB Teague, WJ Lee, JC Lee, JH AF Chang, Kyung-Il Kim, Kuh Kim, Yun-Bae Teague, William J. Lee, Jae Chul Lee, Jae-Hak TI Deep flow and transport through the Ulleung Interplain Gap in the Southwestern East/Japan Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE East/Japan Sea; Ulleung Interplain Gap; Deep currents; Volume transport ID JAPAN/EAST SEA; EAST SEA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; BASIN; EDDY AB Deep circulation in the southwestern East/Japan Sea through the Ulleung Interplain Cap (UIG), a possible pathway for deep-water exchange, was directly measured for the first time. Five concurrent current meter moorings were positioned to effectively span the UIG between the islands of Ulleungdo to the west and Dokdo to the east. They provided a 495-day time series of deep currents below 1800 m depth spanning the full breadth of the East Sea Deep and Bottom Water flowing from the Japan Basin into the Ulleung Basin. The UIG circulation is found to be mainly a two-way flow with relatively weak southward flows directed into the Ulleung Basin over about two-thirds of the western UIG. A strong, persistent, and narrow compensating northward outflow occurs in the eastern UIG near Dokdo and is first referred to here as the Dokdo Abyssal Current. The width of the abyssal current is about 20 km below 1800 m depth. The low-frequency variability of the transports is dominated by fluctuations with a period of about 40 days for inflow and outflow transports. The 40-day fluctuations of both transports are statistically coherent, and occur almost concurrently. The overall mean transport of the deep water below 1800 m into the Ulleung Basin over the 16.5 months is about 0,005 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)), with an uncertainty of 0.025 Sv indicating net transport is negligible below 1800 m through the UIG. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Kyung-Il; Kim, Kuh; Kim, Yun-Bae] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Teague, William J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Lee, Jae Chul] Pukyong Natl Univ, Korea Interuniv Inst Ocean Sci, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Hak] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Climate Change & Coastal Disaster Res Dept, Ansan 425600, South Korea. RP Chang, KI (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, 599 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kichang@snu.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2006-311-CO0619]; Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries [EAST-1]; United States Office of Naval Research [N000149810246]; KORDI's [PE98040] FX We wish to thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Michael P. Bacon for their comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank Mr. S.-C. Hwang and Y.-S. Jang as well as officers and crews of R/Vs Onnuri (KORDI) and Tamyang (Pukyong National University) for their dedication and support during the current mooring operations. K-1. Chang was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2006-311-CO0619). K. Kim and Y.-B. Kim were supported by grants from Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (EAST-1 Project). William Teague was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research "Japan/East Sea DRI" under Grant N000149810246. J.H. Lee was supported by KORDI's in-house project (PE98040). NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.015 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 396KB UT WOS:000262589500005 ER PT S AU Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Chong, YK Davis, J Dasgupta, A Whitney, KG Clark, RW Jones, B Coverdale, CA Ampleford, DJ Cuneo, ME Deeney, C AF Thornhill, J. W. Giuliani, J. L. Apruzese, J. P. Chong, Y. K. Davis, J. Dasgupta, A. Whitney, K. G. Clark, R. W. Jones, B. Coverdale, C. A. Ampleford, D. J. Cuneo, M. E. Deeney, C. BE Hammer, DA Kusse, BR TI 2D Radiation MHD K-shell Modeling of Single Wire Array Stainless Steel Experiments on the Z Machine SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY AUG 12-21, 2008 CL Alexandria, VA SP US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab DE wire array Z pinch; gas puff Z pinch; K-shell radiation; MHD; implosion ID Z-ACCELERATOR; TRANSPORT AB Many physical effects can produce unstable plasma behavior that affect K-shell emission from arrays. Such effects include: asymmetry in the initial density profile, asymmetry in power flow, thermal conduction at the boundaries, and non-uniform wire ablation. Here we consider how asymmetry in the radiation field also contributes to the generation of multidimensional plasma behavior that affects K-shell power and yield. To model this radiation asymmetry, we have incorporated into the MACH2 r-z MHD code a self-consistent calculation of the non-LTE population kinetics based on radiation transport using multi-dimensional ray tracing, Such methodology is necessary for modeling the enhanced radiative cooling that occurs at the anode and cathode ends of the pinch during the run-in phase of the implosion. This enhanced radiative cooling is due to reduced optical depth at these locations producing an asymmetric flow of radiative energy that leads to substantial disruption of large initial diameter (>5 cm) pinches and drives ID into 2D fluid (i.e., Rayleigh-Taylor like) flows. The impact of this 2D behavior on K-shell power and yield is investigated by comparing ID and 2D model results with data obtained from a series of single wire array stainless steel experiments performed on the Z generator. C1 [Thornhill, J. W.; Giuliani, J. L.; Apruzese, J. P.; Chong, Y. K.; Davis, J.; Dasgupta, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0620-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1088 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJE50 UT WOS:000265177700003 ER PT S AU Dasgupta, A Davis, J Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Whitney, KG Chong, YK AF Dasgupta, A. Davis, J. Clark, R. W. Thornhill, J. W. Giuliani, J. L. Whitney, K. G. Chong, Y. K. BE Hammer, DA Kusse, BR TI Impact of Dielectronic Recombination on Ionization Dynamics and Spectroscopy of Z-pinch Stainless Steel Plasma SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY AUG 12-21, 2008 CL Alexandria, VA SP US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab DE Wire array Z pinch; X-ray spectra; Plasma diagnostic; Dielectronic recombination ID SELENIUM AB The implosion dynamics of an array of stainless steel (SS) wires on the Z and/or ZR accelerator produces an abundance of radiation from the K- and L-shell ionization stages. As the plasma assembles on axis, a number of time resolved snapshots provide temperature and density profiles and size of the emitting region. The non-LTE populations will be obtained by using detailed atomic models that include all important excitation, ionization, and recombination processes. In particular, we will investigate the effects of dielectronic recombination (DR) which is the most important recombination process for moderate to high Z plasma such as iron at moderate densities. We will analyze the ionization dynamics and generate K- and L-shell spectra using the temperature and density conditions generated in the Z and/or ZR accelerator describing the implosion with a 1-D non-LTE radiation hydrodynamics model. C1 [Dasgupta, A.; Davis, J.; Thornhill, J. W.; Giuliani, J. L.; Chong, Y. K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0620-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1088 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJE50 UT WOS:000265177700008 ER PT S AU Giuliani, JL Thornhill, JW Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Davis, J Jones, B Cuneo, M Coverdale, CA Deeney, C AF Giuliani, J. L. Thornhill, J. W. Dasgupta, A. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Jones, B. Cuneo, M. Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. BE Hammer, DA Kusse, BR TI 1D Scaling with Ablation for K-Shell Radiation from Stainless Steel Wire Arrays SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY AUG 12-21, 2008 CL Alexandria, VA SP US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab DE wire array Z pinch; K-shell radiation; MHD; implosion ID Z-PINCHES; DYNAMICS AB A 1D Lagrangian magnetohydrodynamic z-pinch simulation code is extended to include wire ablation. The plasma transport coefficients are calibrated to reproduce the K-shell yields measured on the Z generator for three stainless steel arrays of diameter 55 mm and masses ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 mg. The resulting 1D scaling model is applied to a larger SS array (65 mm and 2.5 mg) on the refurbished Z machine. Simulation results predict a maximum K-shell yield of 77 kJ for an 82 kV charging voltage. This maximum drops to 42 kJ at 75 kV charging. Neglecting the ablation precursor leads to a similar to 10% change in the calculated yield. C1 [Giuliani, J. L.; Thornhill, J. W.; Dasgupta, A.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0620-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1088 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJE50 UT WOS:000265177700011 ER PT S AU Commisso, RJ Apruzese, JP Davis, J Jackson, SL Mosher, D Murphy, DP Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Young, FC Levine, JS Failor, BH Sze, H Qi, N Banister, JW Coleman, PL Jones, B Deeney, C AF Commisso, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Davis, J. Jackson, S. L. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Thornhill, J. W. Velikovich, A. L. Weber, B. V. Young, F. C. Levine, J. S. Failor, B. H. Sze, H. Qi, N. Banister, J. W. Coleman, P. L. Jones, B. Deeney, C. BE Hammer, DA Kusse, BR TI Overview of 12-cm-Diameter, Argon Gas-Puff Experiments and Analyses with > 200-ns Implosion Times at 3-to 6-MA Peak Currents SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY AUG 12-21, 2008 CL Alexandria, VA SP US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab DE gas-puff; high-current Z pinch; K-shell radiation; implosion ID TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; K-SHELL EMISSION; Z-PINCH LOADS; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; MODEL AB This paper reviews the motivation for, results from, and analyses of 12-cm-diameter argon gas-puff experiments carried out over the last four years on three generators at 3.2- to 6.5-MA peak currents, all with implosion times >= 200 ns. Using the argon K-shell yield as a metric of implosion quality, high-quality implosions are obtained for an appropriate initial radial mass distribution, i.e., a distribution that is peaked on axis. Higher compressed densities and smaller final radii are observed compared to shell-like initial mass distributions. Theory and data suggest that these distributions mitigate the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability. An energy analysis shows that (1) significant electrical energy is directly coupled to the pinch during the K-shell radiation pulse and (2) conversion of radially-directed kinetic energy into thermal energy is not the dominant mechanism responsible for the pinch K-shell radiation. C1 [Commisso, R. J.; Apruzese, J. P.; Davis, J.; Jackson, S. L.; Mosher, D.; Murphy, D. P.; Thornhill, J. W.; Velikovich, A. L.; Weber, B. V.; Young, F. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0620-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1088 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJE50 UT WOS:000265177700053 ER PT S AU Apruzese, JP Commisso, RJ Weber, BV Mosher, D Young, FC Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Levine, JS Failor, BH Sze, H Qi, N Banister, JW Coleman, PL Coverdale, CA Deeney, C AF Apruzese, J. P. Commisso, R. J. Weber, B. V. Mosher, D. Young, F. C. Thornhill, J. W. Giuliani, J. L. Levine, J. S. Failor, B. H. Sze, H. Qi, N. Banister, J. W. Coleman, P. L. Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. BE Hammer, DA Kusse, BR TI Properties of the Best Ar K-Shell Radiators: Two Decades of Data Analysis from Seven Z-Pinch Drivers SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY AUG 12-21, 2008 CL Alexandria, VA SP US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Agcy, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab DE gas puff Z pinch; K-shell radiation; x-ray spectroscopy; implosion ID GAS PUFF; ARGON; ALUMINUM; PLASMA; NEON; MA AB Z Pinches formed from Ar gas puffs have been investigated for more than two decades. Experiments have been performed on many generators; a frequent objective has been maximization of the yield in the K-shell lines. The increase in available current during that time, from 2 to 15 MA, has resulted in a remarkable enhancement in yield from a few U on PITHON to similar to 300 kJ on Sandia's Z generator. We have analyzed spectroscopic and other radiation data from seven Z-pinch drivers, some dating back to 1991, in an effort to determine what properties of the pinches correlate with high K-shell yield. The strongest correlation is with the amount of mass that is heated to K-shell emitting temperatures. Those temperatures, effective at emitting Ar K-shell x rays, exhibit a range of similar to 1 to 2.4 keV. C1 [Apruzese, J. P.; Commisso, R. J.; Weber, B. V.; Thornhill, J. W.; Giuliani, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0620-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1088 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJE50 UT WOS:000265177700054 ER PT J AU Kakimoto, CV Ross, EV Uebelhoer, NS AF Kakimoto, Charlene V. Ross, E. Victor Uebelhoer, Nathan S. TI En Coup de Sabre Presenting as a Port-Wine Stain Previously Treated with Pulsed Dye Laser SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA AB The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. C1 [Kakimoto, Charlene V.; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ross, E. Victor] Scripps Clin, Div Laser & Cosmet Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Uebelhoer, NS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Nathan.uebelhoer@med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34403.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 391HH UT WOS:000262223900029 PM 19076183 ER PT S AU McDowelll, PM Bourgeois, BS Petry, FE AF McDowelll, Patrick M. Bourgeois, Brian S. Petry, Frederick E. BE Liu, D Wang, L Tan, KC TI Robot Control in Dynamic Environments Using Memory-Based Learning SO DESIGN AND CONTROL OF INTELLIGENT ROBOTIC SYSTEMS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NETWORKS; TEAMS AB Learning systems used on robots typically require a-priori knowledge in the form of environmental models or trial-and-error approaches requiring a robot to physically execute multitudes of trial solutions. Neither approach is very suitable for dynamic unstructured environments in which a robot is sent to explore and gather information prior to human entry. This chapter presents a new approach, 'memory-based learning', in which a robot is provided with an initial baseline behavior whose performance is linked with a metric explicitly defined by a function whose arguments are sensory inputs and resulting robot actions. A neural network, using sensor inputs and action outputs, has been chosen as the basic controller building block for behaviors as it is very amendable to rapid in-situ generation and adaptation. The use of a neural network controller for a maneuvering task using electronic 'ears' for sensory input is demonstrated in this work, and genetic algorithms are shown to be an effective method for rapidly developing the network weights and transfer functions. The concept of memory based learning is introduced and a construct for representing coupled sense/action information is presented and demonstrated using both simple reactive and memory based controllers, whose performance is demonstrated through simulation studies and on land robots. C1 [McDowelll, Patrick M.] SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Bourgeois, Brian S.; Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McDowelll, PM (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM pmcdowell@selu.edu; bsb2@nrlssc.navy.mil; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-89932-7 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2009 VL 177 BP 153 EP 170 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-89933-4 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJM61 UT WOS:000266816500008 ER PT S AU Bergman, M AF Bergman, Mark BE Lyytinen, K Loucopoulos, P Mylopoulos, J Robinson, B TI Requirements' Role in Mobilizing and Enabling Design Conversation SO DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: A TEN-YEAR PERSPECTIVE SE Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Design Requirements Workshop 2007 CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Cleveland, OH DE Requirements Analysis; Boundary Objects; Design Theory; Design Conversation; Problems-Requirements-Solutions Triangulation ID BOUNDARY OBJECTS; KNOWLEDGE; SYSTEMS AB Requirements play a critical role in a design conversation of systems and products. Product and system design exists at the crossroads of problems, solutions and requirements. Requirements contextualize problems and solutions, pointing the way to feasible outcomes. These are captured with models and detailed specifications. Still, stakeholders need to be able to understand one-another using shared design representations in order to mobilize bias and transform knowledge towards legitimized, desired results. Many modern modeling languages, including UML, as well as detailed, logic-based specifications are beyond the comprehension of key stakeholders. Hence, they inhibit. rather than promote design conversation. Improved design boundary objects (DBO), especially design requirements boundary objects (DRBO), need to be created and refined to improve the communications between principals. Four key features of design boundary objects that improve and promote design conversation are discussed in detail. A systems analysis and design case study is presented which demonstrates these features in action. It describes how a small team of analysts worked with key stakeholders to mobilize and guide a complex system design discussion towards an unexpected, yet desired outcome within a short time frame. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bergman, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-1348 BN 978-3-540-92965-9 J9 LECT NOTES BUS INF PY 2009 VL 14 BP 394 EP 407 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJC71 UT WOS:000264797600022 ER PT B AU Qidwai, MAS DeGiorgi, VG AF Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq DeGiorgi, V. G. GP ASME TI A SECOND GENERATION OF NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF NONLINEAR PIEZOELECTRIC MODELS IN COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TOOLS SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID FERROELECTRICS AB Domain switching based nonlinear behavior is characteristic of relaxor-type piezoelectric material such as PMN-PT single crystals. These materials offer significant device performance improvements over traditional polycrystalline piezoelectric materials such as PZT-5A. The promise of increased performance of these materials has led to work in development of constitutive characterizations so that material behavior under load and material failure mechanisms can be understood and predicted. However, there is a gap between development of such theoretical developments and in workable manifestations available as part of commercial finite element codes for use in device design. In the current work, the authors extend previously documented implementation of a macro-mechanical constitutive model which addresses domain switching, into a commercially available finite element code. A rate dependent version of the constitutive model has been successfully realized and used to reproduce a variety of piezoelectric constitutive behaviors. C1 [Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq] USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qidwai, MAS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM muhammad.a.qidwai@nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 443 EP 452 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600046 ER PT B AU DeGlorgi, VG Michopoulos, JG AF DeGlorgi, V. G. Michopoulos, J. G. GP ASME TI FIRST ESTIMATES OF NONUNIFORM ELECTROLYTE ON SEAWATER CORROSION PARAMETERS SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SYSTEMS; CRACKS AB All metals corrode with exposure to electrolytes. This is a fact of life experienced by owners of marine platforms and structures throughout the world. Computational modeling methodologies have been applied to evaluate and design corrosion prevention systems. All computational work to date makes similar assumptions of a uniform electrolyte. This is a valid assumption for structures in large volumes of constantly refreshing electrolyte in which the constitutive characteristics of the electrolyte can be approximated by a uniform mixture. There is experimental evidence that this assumption is not valid for smaller volumes. The need for a more general solution which is valid in these smaller enclosed spaces is being driven by future designs that place corrosion prevention systems in these areas. The sensitivity of solutions on variations in electrolyte conductivity is unknown. In this work preliminary results are presented that demonstrate the need to take into account the spatial variation in electrolyte characteristics for small enclosed volumes of electrolyte. Two geometries (a gap between plates and a two material concentric cylinder corrosion cell) are used to demonstrate the differences between uniform and spatial varying electrolyte. Future work is outlined which will take into account more physical parameters related to electrochemical corrosion. C1 [DeGlorgi, V. G.; Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGlorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM virginia.degiorgi@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 453 EP 462 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600047 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, AP AF Michopoulos, J. G. Iliopoulos, A. P. GP ASME TI ONTOLOGICAL CROSS-REDUCIBILITY OF FAILURE THEORIES FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE ontologies; failure criteria; cross-reducibility; composite materials ID PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES; STRENGTH; EXERCISE AB Failure criteria have a significant role in the design of composite structural systems. Often the questions of "which criterion is more physical" and "which criterion is the best" create uncertainty in the design decision making process. To underline the ill-posed nature of both of these questions in the present paper we are describing the initial steps of an effort to address two ontological characteristics of failure criteria as they are applicable to composite materials applications. The first characteristic is the non-objective nature of failure criteria and an informal description is provided. The second characteristic is an ontologically based cross-reducibility between criteria. To underline more formally this characteristic we utilize an ontology-based framework to clarify "how a criterion relates with another" in terms of its main semantic attributes. The non-physical nature of a theory is exposed when it is evaluated from the semantic view of a systemic perspective. The human role on the formation of any failure criterion is shown to have a foundationally subjective character, thus rendering the corresponding criterion as non-objective. In the context of the second effort, the creation of classification ontology in terms of the semantic projections of failure criteria in their structural heritage and usage is created. The common attributes of failure criteria are utilized to identify the bases of the attribute space that they can be ontologically classified. Web ontology software is utilized to aid the ontological construction process and the visual interpretation of the ontological context. The derived cross-reducibility suggests that failure theories are special reductions of one another. C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; nasos_i@otenet.gr RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 563 EP 574 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600058 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Furukawa, T Lambrakos, SG AF Michopoulos, J. G. Furukawa, T. Lambrakos, S. G. GP ASME TI DATA-DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITES BASED ON VIRTUAL DETERMINISTIC AND NOISY MULTIAXIAL DATA SO DETC 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATIONAL IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3, PTS A AND B: 28TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Laminated composites; multiaxial tests; control; parameter identification; singular value decomposition ID FIELDS AB This paper presents an inverse methodology capable of identifying the elastic moduli of laminated composites from both deterministic and noisy data originating from virtual multiaxial tests. Unlike the conventional uniaxial characterization of materials, the methodology exploits the energy balance between the increment of external work and the corresponding increment of strain energy. It then formulates an overdetermined system of linear equations that are solved using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to compute the associated pseudoinverse array. The proposed methodology further controls the multiaxial testing machine by utilizing performance measures of the SVD process to construct objective functions that are maximized in order to compute loading path design variables. Numerical examples investigate the significance, robustness and efficiency of the proposed methodology. Deterministic and noisy data are synthesized in order to demonstrate the applicability of the technique with respect to realistic characterization problems. The effect of noisy data in the characterization process has been examined in a manner that leads to a demonstration of the practicality of the approach. C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; t.furukawa@unsw.edu.au; samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4327-7 PY 2009 BP 1095 EP 1106 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ27 UT WOS:000263939600112 ER PT B AU Pai, RS Mott, DR McGill, RA Stepnowski, JL AF Pai, Rekha S. Mott, David R. McGill, R. Andrew Stepnowski, Jennifer L. GP ASME TI DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A MICROFABRICATED GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN SO DETC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE , VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-06, 2008 CL New York, NY SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper describes the development of new micro gas chromatographic column designs intended to optimize the analysis by improving homogeneity of analyte molecules as they progress along the column length. We are particularly interested in applying these approaches for trace analysis of illicit materials such as explosives and other hazardous chemicals. A significant component of this work has been in using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling as a toot to help in optimization of the GC column design. C1 [Pai, Rekha S.; Mott, David R.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pai, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rekha.pai@nrl.navy.mil; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4328-4 PY 2009 BP 589 EP 592 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BKP53 UT WOS:000268879900062 ER PT J AU Ericsson, KA Perez, RS Eccles, DW Lang, L Baker, EL Bransford, JD VanLehn, K Ward, P AF Ericsson, K. Anders Perez, Ray S. Eccles, David W. Lang, Laura Baker, Eva L. Bransford, John D. VanLehn, Kurt Ward, Paul BE Ericsson, KA TI The Measurement and Development of Professional Performance: An Introduction to the Topic and a Background to the Design and Origin of This Book SO DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE: TOWARD MEASUREMENT OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF OPTIMAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXPERT PERFORMANCE; DELIBERATE PRACTICE; JOB-PERFORMANCE; ACQUISITION; COMPETENCE; EXPERIENCE; CHESS; TASK C1 [Ericsson, K. Anders] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baker, Eva L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, CRESST, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bransford, John D.] Univ Washington, Coll Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ward, Paul] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Learning Syst Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Perez, Ray S.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [VanLehn, Kurt] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Ericsson, KA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51846-8 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511609817.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511609817 PG 24 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BBL53 UT WOS:000307283800001 ER PT J AU Kirschenbaum, SS McInnis, SL Correll, KP AF Kirschenbaum, Susan S. McInnis, Shelley L. Correll, Kevin P. BE Ericsson, KA TI Contrasting Submarine Specialty Training: Sonar and Fire Control SO DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE: TOWARD MEASUREMENT OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF OPTIMAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; EXPERT C1 [Kirschenbaum, Susan S.; McInnis, Shelley L.; Correll, Kevin P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. RP Kirschenbaum, SS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51846-8 PY 2009 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511609817.015 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511609817 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BBL53 UT WOS:000307283800012 ER PT J AU Ruiz, CL Nollens, HH Venn-Watson, S Green, LG Wells, RS Walsh, MT Nolan, EC McBain, JF Jacobson, ER AF Ruiz, Carolina L. Nollens, Hendrik H. Venn-Watson, Stephanie Green, Linda G. Wells, Randall S. Walsh, Michael T. Nolan, Elizabeth C. McBain, James F. Jacobson, Elliott R. TI Baseline circulating immunoglobulin G levels in managed collection and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Cetacean; Immunoglobulin G; Antibody; Serology; Immune response ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHOCA-VITULINA; HARBOR SEAL; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS; CLONING AB Serum immunoglobulin levels can be used as markers for immune status. However. tools to evaluate immune function and status of cetaceans under veterinary care have been limited, including the lack of an assay quantifying serum immunoglobulin G. Here, we report on the development of a validated competitive enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the quantification of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) IgG. Using the cELISA, baseline serum IgG levels were established for two managed collections and one free-ranging dolphin population. Serum IgG levels ranged from 3.2 to > 11.49 mg/ml. Overall, free-ranging dolphins had higher serum IgG levels than managed collection dolphins. High total white blood cell and eosinophil counts were the best predictors of IgG levels, suggesting higher IgG levels are likely attributable to a higher parasitic load of free-ranging dolphins. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruiz, Carolina L.; Nollens, Hendrik H.; Walsh, Michael T.; Jacobson, Elliott R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Mammal Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ruiz, Carolina L.; Nollens, Hendrik H.; Walsh, Michael T.; Jacobson, Elliott R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Green, Linda G.] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Hybridoma Core Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Mammal & Sea Turtle Res, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Nolan, Elizabeth C.] SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [McBain, James F.] SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Nollens, HH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Mammal Hlth Program, POB 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM NollensH@vetmed.ufl.edu FU University of Florida CVM seed grant; Merck Merial Veterinary Scholars Research Grant FX We thank the staff at the SeaWorld Adventure Parks and the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program for their help in retrieving the samples. This work was funded by University of Florida CVM seed grant to HN and by a Merck Merial Veterinary Scholars Research Grant to CR. Dolphin Quest's support of health assessment operations in Sarasota Bay provided access to samples from wild dolphins. We gratefully acknowledge Brian Balmer for coordinating free-ranging sample processing. All sample collection protocols were approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC# E046) and Mote Marine Laboratory's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Field sampling was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 522-1569, issued to RW. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful and constructive critique. Their comments and suggestion have greatly contributed to this manuscript. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2008.09.002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 413GO UT WOS:000263781100005 PM 18835295 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Gorakowski, E Pan, MJ AF Bender, Barry A. Gorakowski, Ed Pan, Ming-Jen BE Lin, HT Koumoto, K Kriven, WM Garcia, E Reimanis, IE Norton, DP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI THE EFFECT OF DOPING WITH TITANIA AND CALCIUM TITANATE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GIANT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT CERAMIC CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID PEROVSKITE; BARRIER; OXIDE; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; BARIUM AB Small amounts (1-5 mole%) of TiO(2) and CaTiO(3) were added to the giant dielectric constant ceramic CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) (CCTO) in the attempt to lower dielectric loss without sacrificing high permittivity. The undoped and doped ceramics had similar microstructures consisting of primarily large grains in the range of 35 to 40 microns. Doping CCTO with TiO(2) lead to an increase in the dissipation factor of CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) from 0.049 to a high of 0.078, while its permittivity increased from 43949 to 77585. Doping with CaTiO(3) followed a similar trend as the tan 8 increased to a high of 0.303 and the dielectric constant at 1 kHz increased to a high of 75687. Doping at these levels also led to a 50% drop in electrical breakdown voltage. C1 [Bender, Barry A.; Gorakowski, Ed; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34500-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 10 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJE34 UT WOS:000265135800019 ER PT J AU Stacey, A Aharonovich, I Prawer, S Butler, JE AF Stacey, Alastair Aharonovich, Igor Prawer, Steven Butler, James E. TI Controlled synthesis of high quality micro/nano-diamonds by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Diamond crystal; Chemical vapor deposition; Color center ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CVD DIAMOND; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; CENTERS; SURFACES; FILMS AB Diamond containing engineered color centers is rapidly becoming a medium of choice for quantum information applications. Many of the dramatic recent results in this field have been demonstrated in diamond nano-crystals. Here we demonstrate controlled synthesis of spatially isolated high quality micro- and nano-diamonds using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique (MPCVD). The growth from nano-seeds rather than other nucleation techniques allows improved control over the final size of the crystals and the density of the crystals on the Substrate. The growth rate of the diamond crystals was found to be 22 nm/min. Various parameters of the growth sequence were studied and the microwave power density was found to have the major influence on the crystal morphology, with the best quality diamond formed under conditions of relatively high pressure and plasma density. Our ability to control size, dispersion and levels of perfection constitutes an enabler for future quantum information applications utilizing diamond color centers. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stacey, Alastair; Aharonovich, Igor; Prawer, Steven] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aharonovich, I (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM i.aharonovich@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Stacey, Alastair/0000-0002-3794-0317; PRAWER, STEVEN/0000-0002-4959-0828; Aharonovich, Igor/0000-0003-4304-3935 FU Australian Research Council (ARC); Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR); European Union Sixth Framework; Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory FX The support of the Australian Research Council (ARC), and the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) is gratefully acknowledged. This work is also supported by the European Union Sixth Framework under the EQUIND consortium. JEB acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory. We are thankful to A. Cimmino for AFM measurements and A. D. Greentree for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2008.09.020 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 405MR UT WOS:000263229400009 ER PT B AU Bedrouni, A Mittu, R Boukhtouta, A Berger, J AF Bedrouni, Abdellah Mittu, Ranjeev Boukhtouta, Abdeslem Berger, Jean BA Bedrouni, A Mittu, R Boukhtouta, A Berger, J BF Bedrouni, A Mittu, R Boukhtouta, A Berger, J TI Coordination SO DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: A COORDINATION PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS AB Coordination is a central issue in agent-oriented distributed systems. Coordinating adequately the activities attributed to a large number of heterogeneous entities in agent-oriented engineering research remains a fundamental, challenging, and complex issue. This Chapter strongly suggests that coordination is central to distributed systems. It explores the interdisciplinary nature of this concept, reviews the definition of various forms of interaction, highlights the need for a universal or a unified definition, and finally examines key fundamental aspects related to the coordination function. C1 [Bedrouni, Abdellah] Concordia Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Mittu, Ranjeev] USN, Res Lab, Intelligent Decis Support Sect Code 5584, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boukhtouta, Abdeslem; Berger, Jean] Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, Decis Support Technol Sect, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. RP Bedrouni, A (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve,Blvd W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-77701-6 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-77702-3_1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BKW61 UT WOS:000269476800001 ER PT B AU Fraser, A Borg, JP Jordan, JL Sutherland, G AF Fraser, A. Borg, J. P. Jordan, J. L. Sutherland, G. GP EDPS TI Micro-mechanical behavior of Al-MnO2-Epoxy under shock loading SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad ID MESOSCALE; STRENGTH AB This work presents a comparison between experimental data and numeric mesoscale simulations. The compaction of a mixture of Al-MnO2-Epoxy was simulated in a one-dimensional flyer plate configuration with the goal of determining the bulk shock Hugoniot. Mesoscale simulations, in which the initial conditions are imported from SEM images, reproduce the experimentally obtained bulk Hugoniot behavior. In addition the formation and evolution of hot spots are observed. C1 [Fraser, A.; Borg, J. P.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Jordan, J. L.] AFRL, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. [Sutherland, G.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Fraser, A (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. FU NSF-Navy [CTS-0521602]; Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) FX The computational work was funded under by a joint grant from NSF-Navy, Grant CTS-0521602. In addition, the lead author would like to acknowledge the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) for summer funding and the opportunity to work alongside researchers at NSWC-IH and AFRL. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0473-3 PY 2009 BP 1575 EP + DI 10.1051/dymat/2009222 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO56 UT WOS:000273128000092 ER PT J AU Schmieder, B Aulanier, G Demoulin, P Pariat, E AF Schmieder, Brigitte Aulanier, Guillaume Demoulin, Pascal Pariat, Etienne TI Coronal loops, flare ribbons and aurora during slip-running SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Sun: flares; magnetosphere: aurora ID QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; OCTOBER 28; SOLAR-FLARES; NULL POINTS; FLUX TUBES; X17 FLARE; EVOLUTION; CONFIGURATIONS AB Solar two ribbon flares are commonly explained by magnetic field reconnections in the low corona. During the reconnection energetic particles (electrons and protons) are accelerated from the reconnection site. These particles are following the magnetic field lines down to the chromosphere. As the plasma density is higher in these lower layers, there are collisions and emission of radiation. Thus bright ribbons are observed at both ends of flare loops. These ribbons ire typically observed in H alpha and in EUV with SOHO and TRACE. As the time is going, these ribbons are expanding away of cacti other. In Most Studied models. the reconnection site is a separator line, where two magnetic separatrices intersect. The), define four distinct connectivity domains, across which the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. In this Paper, we present a generalization of this model to 3D complex magnetic topologies where there are no null points. but quasi-separatrices layers instead. In that case, while the ribbons spread away during reconnection, we show that magnetic field lines can quickly slip along them. We propose that this new phenomenon Could explain fast extension of H alpha and TRACE 1600 angstrom ribbons, fast moving HXR footpoints along the ribbons as observed by RHESSI. and that it is observed in soft X rays with Hinode/XRT. C1 [Schmieder, Brigitte; Aulanier, Guillaume; Demoulin, Pascal] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Pariat, Etienne] NRL, Washington, DC USA. RP Schmieder, B (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM brigitte.schmieder@obspm.fr OI Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 565 EP 568 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500004 ER PT J AU Linton, MG DeVore, CR Longcope, DW AF Linton, M. G. DeVore, C. R. Longcope, D. W. TI Patchy reconnection in a Y-type current sheet SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar Flares, Magnetospheric Substorms CY MAR 18-20, 2007 CL Fairbanks, AK SP CAWSES, Univ Alaska DE Solar; corona; flare; reconnection ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLARE; MODEL AB We Study the evolution of the magnetic field in a Y-type current sheet subject to a brief, localized magnetic reconnection event. The reconnection produces up- and down-flowing, reconnected flux tubes which rapidly decelerate when they hit the Y-lines and underlying magnetic arcade loops at the ends of the Current Sheet. This localized reconnection outflow followed by a rapid deceleration reproduces the observed behavior of post-CME downflowing coronal voids. These simulations support the hypothesis that these observed coronal downflows are the retraction of magnetic fields reconnected in localized patches in the high corona. C1 [Linton, M. G.; DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Longcope, D. W.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM linton@nrl.navy.mil RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 573 EP 576 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 480OL UT WOS:000268745500006 ER PT J AU Klein, DB Benson, BL Berggren, N Bergh, A Boettke, PJ Caplan, B Colander, D DuRietz, G Dwyer, GP Ebeling, R Feld, LP Foldvary, F Forte, F Gordon, P Henderson, DR Holcombe, R Horwitz, S Johansson, D Karlson, N Lindberg, H Martino, A Mayer, T McCloskey, D Meadowcroft, J Meiners, R Nelson, RH Ormerod, P Peltzman, S Prescott, E Ricketts, M Robinson, C Selgin, G Shaw, J Sternberg, E Stringham, E Thorbecke, W Timberlake, R Tollison, R Wagner, R White, L Yeager, LB AF Klein, Daniel B. Benson, Bruce L. Berggren, Niclas Bergh, Andreas Boettke, Peter J. Caplan, Bryan Colander, David DuRietz, Gunnar Dwyer, Gerald P. Ebeling, Richard Feld, Lars P. Foldvary, Fred Forte, Francesco Gordon, Peter Henderson, David R. Holcombe, Randall Horwitz, Steven Johansson, Dan Karlson, Nils Lindberg, Henrik Martino, Antonio Mayer, Thomas McCloskey, Deirdre Meadowcroft, John Meiners, Roger Nelson, Robert H. Ormerod, Paul Peltzman, Sam Prescott, Edward Ricketts, Martin Robinson, Colin Selgin, George Shaw, Jane Sternberg, Elaine Stringham, Edward Thorbecke, Willem Timberlake, Richard Tollison, Robert Wagner, Richard White, Lawrence Yeager, Leland B. TI Desperately Seeking Smithians: Responses to the Questionnaire about Building an Identity SO ECON JOURNAL WATCH LA English DT Editorial Material AB The September 2008 issue of Econ Journal Watch carried an essay about building an identity for "our" economics. It attempted to motivate a questionnaire on the matter, a questionnaire that was then sent out to 408 individuals, mostly economists. Responses were received from 42 individuals, including Bryan Caplan, Peter Boettke, David Henderson, Steven Horwitz, Deirdre McCloskey, Thomas Mayer, Robert Nelson, Edward Prescott, Colin Robinson, Richard Timberlake, Robert Tollison, and Leland Yeager. This piece is a brief introduction to the compendium of responses that is provided as an appendix. C1 [Klein, Daniel B.; Boettke, Peter J.; Caplan, Bryan; Thorbecke, Willem; Wagner, Richard] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Benson, Bruce L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Econ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Colander, David] Middlebury Coll, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Dwyer, Gerald P.] Fed Reserve Bank Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Feld, Lars P.] Univ Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Foldvary, Fred] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Forte, Francesco] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Coservat Architectureal & Environm Assets, Naples, Italy. [Gordon, Peter] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Henderson, David R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Horwitz, Steven] St Lawrence Univ, Canton, NY USA. [Martino, Antonio] Univ Rome, LUISS, Rome, Italy. [Mayer, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [McCloskey, Deirdre] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Meadowcroft, John] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Meiners, Roger] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX USA. [Nelson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Peltzman, Sam] Univ Chicago, Grad Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prescott, Edward] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ricketts, Martin] Univ Buckingham, Buckingham, England. [Robinson, Colin] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Selgin, George] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Stringham, Edward] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Timberlake, Richard] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tollison, Robert] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [White, Lawrence] Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO USA. [Yeager, Leland B.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Klein, DB (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST SPONTANEOUS ORDER ECONOMICS PI FAIRFAX PA 9745 KINGS CROWN COURT #102, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA SN 1933-527X J9 ECON J WATCH JI Econ. J. Watch PD JAN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 113 EP 180 PG 68 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 409SV UT WOS:000263527000006 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Gould, BD Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Garsany, Yannick Gould, Benjamin D. Baturina, Olga A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Comparison of the Sulfur Poisoning of PBI and Nafion PEMFC Cathodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen compounds; polymers; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; sulphur compounds ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPERATION; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; ACID; SO2 AB The poisoning effect of H(2)S and SO(2) in air is compared for phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane and perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The cathodes of PBI PEMFCs are about 70 times more resistant to 1 ppm of H(2)S or SO(2) than the Nafion PEMFCs. The PBI PEMFCs only lose < 2% in cell performance when exposed to 1 ppm of H(2)S or SO(2) and have 5.2 and 7.1% losses with 5 and 10 ppm H(2)S over 24 h, respectively. Purging the poisoned PBI cells with neat air leads to complete performance recovery. C1 [Garsany, Yannick; Gould, Benjamin D.; Baturina, Olga A.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yannick.garsany.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for support of this research. This research was performed while Y.G. held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Award and B. D. G. held an American Society of Engineering Postdoctoral Fellowship Award. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 9 BP B138 EP B140 DI 10.1149/1.3168516 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 471NF UT WOS:000268064500012 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Naciri, J Moore, MH Lowy, DA Dinderman, MA Pehrsson, EC Ratna, B AF Martin, Brett D. Naciri, Jawad Moore, Martin H. Lowy, Daniel A. Dinderman, Michael A. Pehrsson, Erica C. Ratna, Banahalli TI Conducting polymer "nanogates" - Controllable diffusivities in thin films of novel tether-containing sulfonated polythiophenes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Nanogate; Self-doping; Tether; Oligoethylene glycol; Polythiophene; Diffusion ID POLYPYRROLE; DESIGN AB We describe a nanoscale gating effect by an atypical tether-containing polythiophene, [poly(thiophene-3-carboxylic acid 2-(2-(2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxymethyl sulfonate)-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-amide], referred to as poly(TP-OEG-SO(4)).Cyclic voltammetry data permitted us to calculate liquid-phase ion diffusivities in the polymer as a function of its oxidation state Diffusivities are more than 350 times higher in the oxidized state versus the reduced state. As a control, poly 3',4'-dimethyl-[2,2';5',2 ''] terthiophene (DMPT) was synthesized and characterized. On comparing both polymers in the reduced state, we find diffusivities in poly(TP-OEG-SO(4)) to be more than 4500 times lower than in poly(DMPT). To explain this behavior, we propose a model that features a charge-balancing mechanism by the sulfonate tethers in poly(TP-OEG-SO(4)), which causes nanoporous regions around the polymer main chains to be opened and closed, leading to the large observed differences in diffusivities. These data suggest that the polymer poly(TP-OEG-SO(4)) is evidently able to act as a reversible "nanogate" with an open pore structure when oxidized, and a closed one when reduced. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Martin, Brett D.; Naciri, Jawad; Moore, Martin H.; Dinderman, Michael A.; Pehrsson, Erica C.; Ratna, Banahalli] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bmartin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; bratna@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.10.051 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 402MQ UT WOS:000263018200045 ER PT S AU Greilich, A Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL AF Greilich, A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, Al. L. BE Fanciulli, M TI Electron-Spin Dynamics in Self-Assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs Quantum Dots SO ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review CT International Workshop on Electron Spin Resonance and Related Phenomena in Low-Dimensional Structures CY MAR 06-08, 2006 CL Sanremo, ITALY SP Prov Imperia, Fondazione Carige, Comune Sanremo, Casino Sanremo, Sanremo Promot ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; RESONANCE; WELLS AB Electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots are considered as elementary building blocks for a new class of devices. Here, we address both static and dynamic properties of such electron spins that are confined in singly charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots. In particular, we discuss first the g-factor tensor and then turn to the creation of spin coherence. We also discuss how long this spin coherence is maintained against scattering resulting in spin relaxation. C1 [Greilich, A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Shabaev, A.; Efros, Al. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Greilich, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009 FU Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (program 'nanoquit'); Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (program 'QuIST'); Office of Naval Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Forschergruppe 'Quantum Optics in Semiconductor Nanostructures') FX This work was supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (program 'nanoquit'), the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (program 'QuIST'), the Office of Naval Research, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Forschergruppe 'Quantum Optics in Semiconductor Nanostructures'). R.O. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. Parts of this work were done in collaboration with R. Oulton, E.A. Zhukov, I.A. Yugova. We additionally thank I.A. Merkulov for the fruitful discussions. Samples on which the described work was done were grown in Bochum University by V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, and A.D. Wieck. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-3-540-79364-9 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2009 VL 115 BP 51 EP 80 PG 30 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BLF77 UT WOS:000270080800004 ER PT J AU Borges, CF AF Borges, Carlos F. TI A FULL-NEWTON APPROACH TO SEPARABLE NONLINEAR LEAST SQUARES PROBLEMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO DISCRETE LEAST SQUARES RATIONAL APPROXIMATION SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE separable nonlinear least squares; rational approximation AB We consider a class of non-linear least squares problems that are widely used in fitting experimental data. A defining characteristic of the models we will consider is that the solution parameters may be separated into two classes, those that enter the problem linearly and those that enter non-linearly. Problems of this type are known as separable non-linear least squares (SNLLS) problems and are often solved using a Gauss-Newton algorithm that was developed in Golub and Pereyra [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 10 (1973), pp. 413-432] and has been very widely applied. We develop a full-Newton algorithm for solving this problem. Exploiting the structure of the general problem leads to a surprisingly compact algorithm which exhibits all of the excellent characteristics of the full-Newton approach (e.g. rapid convergence on problems with large residuals). Moreover, for certain problems of quite general interest, the per iteration cost for the full-Newton algorithm compares quite favorably with that of the Gauss-Newton algorithm. We explore one such problem, that of discrete least-squares fitting of rational functions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borges, CF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM borges@nps.edu RI Borges, Carlos/E-3157-2010 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2009 VL 35 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 546TD UT WOS:000273833900004 ER PT B AU Jachowski, DR Guyette, AC AF Jachowski, Douglas R. Guyette, Andrew C. GP IEEE TI Sub-Octave-Tunable Microstrip Notch Filter SO EMC 2009: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, TECHNICAL PAPER SE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 17-21, 2009 CL Austin, TX ID BANDSTOP FILTERS AB A frequency-agile narrowband microstrip bandstop filter technology able to maintain near constant absolute bandwidth while tuning over a frequency range of nearly an octave is described. The technology is demonstrated by a reconfigurable notch filter designed to selectively remove unwanted spectral content prior to final amplification in a transmitter's output module. The six-resonator planar microstrip notch filter uses hyperabrupt GaAs varactor diodes to tune the operating frequency over a 92% range, from 480 MHz to 925 MHz. The filter maintains 3MHz-wide stopband attenuation of 34dB to 64dB, absolute 3dB bandwidth of less than 84 MHz, 3dB bandwidth variation of less than 24%, and low stopband reflection over the full tuning range. C1 [Jachowski, Douglas R.; Guyette, Andrew C.] USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jachowski, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4285-0 J9 INT SYMP ELEC COMPAT PY 2009 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2009.5284585 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOO04 UT WOS:000277119400019 ER PT S AU Kang, W Barbot, JP Xu, LA AF Kang, Wei Barbot, Jean-Pierre Xu, Liang BE Ghosh, BK Martin, CF Zhou, Y TI On the Observability of Nonlinear and Switched Systems SO EMERGENT PROBLEMS IN NONLINEAR SYSTEMS AND CONTROL SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Daya's Memorial Workshop CY 2007 CL Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX HO Texas Tech Univ ID HYBRID SYSTEMS; CONTROLLABILITY; OBSERVERS AB In this paper, new concept of observability are introduced for both nonlinear systems and switched systems. The new definitions are applicable to a much broader family of problems of estimation including unmeasured state variables, unknown input, and unknown parameters in control systems. It is also taken into account the notion of partial observability which is useful for complex or networked systems. For switched systems, the relationship between the observability and hybrid time trajectories is analyzed. It is proved that a switched system might be observable even when individual subsystems are not. Another topic addressed in this paper is the measure of observability, which is able to quantitatively define the robustness and the precision of observability. It is shown that a system can be perfectly observable in the traditional sense, but in the case of high dimensions, it is practically unobservable (or extremely weekly observable). Moreover, computational algorithm for nonlinear systems is developed to compute the observability with precision. Several examples are given to illustrate the fundamentals and the usefulness of the results. C1 [Kang, Wei] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Xu, Liang] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barbot, Jean-Pierre] ENSEA, ECS EA 3649, F-95014 Cergy Pontoise, France. [Barbot, Jean-Pierre] INRA, ALIEN, F-95014 Cergy Pontoise, France. RP Kang, W (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This author is funded in part by Naval Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-642-03626-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 393 BP 199 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA BRD14 UT WOS:000282390100012 ER PT S AU Neumann, JG AF Neumann, Jonathan G. BE Hornbeck, LJ Douglass, MR TI DMD based hyperspectral augmentation for multi-object tracking systems SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications CY JAN 28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc, NanoInk Inc, Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Ozen Engn Inc DE Hyperspectral; tracking; DMD; multi-object ID SPECTROMETER AB Current wide area pan-chromatic or dual band persistent surveillance systems often do not provide enough observable data to maintain accurate and unique tracks of multiple objects over a large field of regard. Previous experiments have shown augmentation with hyperspectral imagery can enhance tracking performance. However, hyperspectral imagers have significantly slower coverage rates than persistent surveillance systems, essentially because a hyperspectral pixel contains vector data while a standard image pixel is typically either scalar or RGB. This coverage rate gap is a fundamental mismatch between the two systems and presents a technological hurdle to the practical use of hyperspectral imagers for tracking multiple objects spread over the entire field of regard of persistent surveillance systems. In this non-mapping hyperspectral application, we assume much of the information in a hyperspectral data cube is superfluous background and need not be processed or even collected. The effective coverage rate of the hyperspectral imager can be made compatible with modern persistent surveillance systems, at least for the objects of interest, by using a DMD to judiciously select which data are collected and processed. A proof-of-concept sensor has been developed and preliminary results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neumann, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5662, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7456-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7210 AR 72100B DI 10.1117/12.811551 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy; Optics GA BST64 UT WOS:000285748500009 ER PT J AU Malik, S Drott, E Grisdela, P Lee, J Lee, C Lowy, DA Gray, S Tender, LM AF Malik, Sumit Drott, Emily Grisdela, Philip Lee, Joy Lee, Clarice Lowy, Daniel A. Gray, Samuel Tender, Leonard M. TI A self-assembling self-repairing microbial photoelectrochemical solar cell SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; HARVESTING ENERGY; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; KINETIC ACTIVITY; ANODE MATERIALS; OXYGEN; POWER; SEA AB Biologically-based approaches to large-scale solar power generation promise low cost durable technologies that will exhibit the self-repairing capabilities of photosynthetic organisms(1-3) (Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization, U. S. Department of Energy, Washington DC, 2005; J. Barber and B. Andersson, Trends Biochem. Sci., 1992, 17, 61; A. Huijser et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 11726). Most proposed approaches however utilize photosynthetic proteins extracted from organisms(4-6) (S. A. Trammell et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 17122; R. Das et al., Nano Lett., 2004, 4, 1079; E. Greenbaum, Science, 1985, 230, 1375) and forgo the self-repair capabilities of organisms resulting in short-lived power generation. Beginning with two non-descript graphite electrodes and marine sediment and seawater, we report here a proof-of-concept demonstration of a self-assembling and self-repairing microbial photoelectrochemical solar cell that generates electricity from sunlight 7 (S. A. Licht, Nature, 1987, 330, 148). Time records of voltage and current generated by this solar cell reveal a circadian rhythm consistent with a photosynthetic nature. This result supports the interpretation that the electrode reactions are catalyzed by self-maintaining biofilms spontaneously formed on each electrode surface, and that the electrode reactants are photosynthetically regenerated from the electrode products by a self-maintaining spontaneously formed photosynthetic consortium. Our finding suggests a strait-forward approach toward durable biologically-based solar power generation. C1 [Malik, Sumit; Grisdela, Philip; Lee, Joy; Lee, Clarice] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. [Drott, Emily] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Gray, Samuel; Tender, Leonard M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr BiolMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malik, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. EM Tender@nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-WX20515] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research, Grant N00014-07-WX20515, and was performed in part by high school students (Malik, Grisdela, Lee, and Lee) participating in the Office of Naval Research Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory and an college undergraduate (Drott) participating in the Office of Naval Research Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program. This article is dedicated to Dr Joel Schnur, founder of the Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering at the Naval Research Laboratory on the occasion of his retirement after more than 40 years of public service. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1039/b816417g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415GL UT WOS:000263922200005 ER PT J AU Richter, H Nevin, KP Jia, HF Lowy, DA Lovley, DR Tender, LM AF Richter, Hanno Nevin, Kelly P. Jia, Hongfei Lowy, Daniel A. Lovley, Derek R. Tender, Leonard M. TI Cyclic voltammetry of biofilms of wild type and mutant Geobacter sulfurreducens on fuel cell anodes indicates possible roles of OmcB, OmcZ, type IV pili, and protons in extracellular electron transfer SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; FE(III) REDUCTION; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; HARVESTING ELECTRICITY; TRANSPORT; ENERGY; IRON; MICROORGANISMS; COMMUNITIES; TECHNOLOGY AB Geobacteracea are distinct for their ability to reduce insoluble oxidants including minerals and electrodes without apparent reliance on soluble extracellular electron transfer (ET) mediators. This property makes them important anode catalysts in new generation microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because it obviates the need to replenish ET mediators otherwise necessary to sustain power. Here we report cyclic voltammetry ( CV) of biofilms of wild type (WT) and mutant G. sulfurreducens strains grown on graphite cloth anodes acting as electron acceptors with acetate as the electron donor. Our analysis indicates that WT biofilms contain a conductive network of bound ET mediators in which OmcZ (outer membrane c-type cytochrome Z) participates in homogeneous ET (through the biofilm bulk) while OmcB mediates heterogeneous ET (across the biofilm/electrode interface); that type IV pili are important in both reactions; that OmcS plays a secondary role in homogenous ET; that OmcE, important in Fe(III) oxide reduction, is not involved in either reaction; that catalytic current is limited overall by the rate of microbial uptake of acetate; that protons generated from acetate oxidation act as charge compensating ions in homogenous ET; and that homogenous ET, when accelerated by fast voltammetric scan rates, is limited by diffusion of protons within the biofilm. These results provide the first direct electrochemical evidence substantiating utilization of bound ET mediators by Geobacter biofilms and the distinct roles of OmcB and OmcZ in the extracellular ET properties of anode-reducing G. sulfurreducens. C1 [Richter, Hanno; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr N 4, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Jia, Hongfei] Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Tender, Leonard M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Richter, H (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr N 4, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 FU Office of Naval Research Award [N00014-07-1-0996, N00014-07-WX20515]; Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement [DE-FC02-02ER63446] FX We are grateful to helpful discussions with Professor Daniel Bond. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-07-1-0996 and N00014-07-WX20515 and by Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-02ER63446. NR 70 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 10 U2 159 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 5 BP 506 EP 516 DI 10.1039/b816647a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 442QX UT WOS:000265856800008 ER PT J AU Baxter, J Bian, ZX Chen, G Danielson, D Dresselhaus, MS Fedorov, AG Fisher, TS Jones, CW Maginn, E Kortshagen, U Manthiram, A Nozik, A Rolison, DR Sands, T Shi, L Sholl, D Wu, YY AF Baxter, Jason Bian, Zhixi Chen, Gang Danielson, David Dresselhaus, Mildred S. Fedorov, Andrei G. Fisher, Timothy S. Jones, Christopher W. Maginn, Edward Kortshagen, Uwe Manthiram, Arumugam Nozik, Arthur Rolison, Debra R. Sands, Timothy Shi, Li Sholl, David Wu, Yiying TI Nanoscale design to enable the revolution in renewable energy SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; BIOMASS-DERIVED SYNGAS; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB The creation of a sustainable energy generation, storage, and distribution infrastructure represents a global grand challenge that requires massive transnational investments in the research and development of energy technologies that will provide the amount of energy needed on a sufficient scale and timeframe with minimal impact on the environment and have limited economic and societal disruption during implementation. In this opinion paper, we focus on an important set of solar, thermal, and electrochemical energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies specifically related to recent and prospective advances in nanoscale science and technology that offer high potential in addressing the energy challenge. We approach this task from a two-fold perspective: analyzing the fundamental physicochemical principles and engineering aspects of these energy technologies and identifying unique opportunities enabled by nanoscale design of materials, processes, and systems in order to improve performance and reduce costs. Our principal goal is to establish a roadmap for research and development activities in nanoscale science and technology that would significantly advance and accelerate the implementation of renewable energy technologies. In all cases we make specific recommendations for research needs in the near-term (2-5 years), mid-term (5-10 years) and long-term (>10 years), as well as projecting a timeline for maturation of each technological solution. We also identify a number of priority themes in basic energy science that cut across the entire spectrum of energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies. We anticipate that the conclusions and recommendations herein will be of use not only to the technical community, but also to policy makers and the broader public, occasionally with an admitted emphasis on the US perspective. C1 [Baxter, Jason] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bian, Zhixi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chen, Gang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Danielson, David] Gen Catalyst Partners, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dresselhaus, Mildred S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dresselhaus, Mildred S.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sands, Timothy] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jones, Christopher W.; Sholl, David] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maginn, Edward] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kortshagen, Uwe] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Manthiram, Arumugam; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Manthiram, Arumugam; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Nozik, Arthur] Ctr Revolutionary Solar Photoconvers, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sands, Timothy] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wu, Yiying] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Baxter, J (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM millie@mgm.mit.edu; andrei.fedorov@me.gatech.edu; tsfisher@purdue.edu; lishi@mail.utexas.edu RI Sands, Timothy/D-2133-2009; Wu, Yiying/A-3949-2011; Shi, Li/C-8123-2013; Baxter, Jason/E-2292-2013; Maginn, Edward/F-7584-2014; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; Kortshagen, Uwe/B-8744-2016; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 OI Wu, Yiying/0000-0001-9359-1863; Baxter, Jason/0000-0001-8702-3915; Sands, Timothy/0000-0001-9718-6515; Shi, Li/0000-0002-5401-6839; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530; Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; Kortshagen, Uwe/0000-0001-5944-3656; FU US National Science Foundation; Journal of Energy & Environmental Science FX Financial support for the workshop was provided by the US National Science Foundation, the Journal of Energy & Environmental Science, and the General Catalysts Partners Venture Fund. The authors thank Dr Gene Dresselhaus for his contribution to the preparation of this manuscript. NR 223 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 19 U2 244 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 6 BP 559 EP 588 DI 10.1039/b821698c PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 452QF UT WOS:000266555600001 ER PT J AU Cramer, JA Morris, RE Giordano, B Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Cramer, Jeffrey A. Morris, Robert E. Giordano, Braden Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI Partial Least-Squares Predictions of Nonpetroleum-Derived Fuel Content and Resultant Properties When Blended with Petroleum-Derived Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID AVIATION JET FUEL; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIESEL FUELS; SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTION; BIODIESEL; SULFUR; PHASE AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has been engaged in a research program to develop sensor-based technologies to perform rapid automated fuel-quality surveillance. This approach is based on the development of quantitative models from the partial least-squares (PLS) regression of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic measurements of a representative calibration set of petroleum-derived fuels. As fuels from nonpetroleum sources become available it will be necessary to extend these chemometric models to accommodate Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthetic fuels and biofuels. This extension is complicated by the fact that these new fuels will be initially introduced as blending components with petroleum-derived fuels. Chemometric modeling methodologies have been developed to identify and estimate the content of FT and biofuel present; then this information is used to estimate the bulk properties of the blends. With this approach, biodiesel content can be predicted, with respect to absolute error, to within 1.7% of its true value 95% of the time with a lower limit of detection of 1.5% using a single PLS model. The diesel fuel PLS property prediction models are applicable to diesel fuels blended with biodiesel fuel once that particular biodiesel fuel is incorporated in said models. The FT content in blends with petroleum fuels can be predicted, with respect to absolute error, to within 6.9% of its true value 95% of the time with a lower limit of detection of 15% using a series of paired PLS models for identification and quantification. In the presence of FT fuel, the PLS property models can be used after applying a correction factor that is derived from the identity and concentration of the FT fuel present. C1 [Cramer, Jeffrey A.; Morris, Robert E.; Giordano, Braden; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Chemometr Sect Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cramer, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Chemometr Sect Code 6181, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.cramer@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council (NRC); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We thank the National Research Council (NRC) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for supporting this work. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 894 EP 902 DI 10.1021/ef800945c PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 411ED UT WOS:000263629900131 ER PT J AU Cramer, JA Morris, RE Hammond, MH Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Cramer, Jeffrey A. Morris, Robert E. Hammond, Mark H. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Classification with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article C1 [Cramer, Jeffrey A.; Morris, Robert E.; Hammond, Mark H.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6181,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR 4.4.5) through the Navy Fuels and Lubes Cross Functional Team (CFT) FX This work was supported by the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR 4.4.5) through the Navy Fuels and Lubes Cross Functional Team (CFT). The authors also thank Intertek Oil for assistance in obtaining ULSD fuel samples. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1132 EP 1133 DI 10.1021/ef8007739 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 411ED UT WOS:000263629900164 ER PT B AU Gray, PJ Patil, A Codner, G AF Gray, Peter J. Patil, Arun Codner, Gary BE Patil, AS Gray, PJ TI The Background of Quality Assurance in Higher Education and Engineering Education SO ENGINEERING EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter presents a review of the historical, philosophical, political, and social background of Quality Assurance of higher education, in general, and engineering education, in particular. Such a review can help us appreciate how the Quality Assurance movement got to where it is today and the tensions that are inherent in it, as well as provide guidance for its future development. Suggestions for advancing Quality Assurance in Engineering Education are provided at the end of the chapter. C1 [Gray, Peter J.] USN Acad, Fac Enhancement Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Patil, Arun] CQUniv Australia, Fac Sci Engn & Hlth, Mackay, Qld 4741, Australia. [Codner, Gary] Monash Univ, Fac Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Gray, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Fac Enhancement Ctr, 589 McNair Rd,10M, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pgray@usna.edu; a.patil@cqu.edu.au; Gary.Codner@eng.monash.edu.au; pgray@usna.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0554-3 PY 2009 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BLI63 UT WOS:000270244600001 ER PT B AU Gray, PJ Patil, A AF Gray, Peter J. Patil, Arun BE Patil, AS Gray, PJ TI Internal and External Quality Assurance Approaches for Improvement and Accountability: A Conceptual Framework SO ENGINEERING EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The keys to advancing Quality Assurance are to, first, strike a balance between Internal/External and Improvement/Accountability emphases; second, recognize the value of various Quality Assurance approaches, for different purposes; and, third, acknowledge the trade-offs and tensions inherent in various approaches. The changes implied by Quality Assurance must start at the local level, i.e., individual courses and programs of study such as Engineering Education. The task of documenting such changes and, thereby, recognizing the impact of Quality Assurance policies and practices (Accreditation and Evaluation or Assessment) makes it necessary to use different metrics at different levels of a higher education institution. This is where the value of the conceptual framework described in this chapter can be seen, since it acknowledges a wide range of Quality Assurance approaches, thus providing a means of engaging all stakeholders in a constructive way about how to define quality, how to document it, and how to make needed improvements. C1 [Gray, Peter J.] USN Acad, Fac Enhancement Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Patil, Arun] CQUniv Australia, Fac Sci Engn & Hlth, Mackay, Qld 4741, Australia. RP Gray, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Fac Enhancement Ctr, 589 McNair Rd,10M, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pgray@usna.edu; a.patil@cqu.edu.au; pgray@usna.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0554-3 PY 2009 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0_22 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BLI63 UT WOS:000270244600022 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, C LaCaille, G Wright, N Ward, N Shu, C Painter, R Vinquist, C Stoyanov, P Lee, EW Piatkowski, D McLennan, J Ogren, J Kumor, C Es-Said, OS AF Wilhelm, C. LaCaille, G. Wright, N. Ward, N. Shu, C. Painter, R. Vinquist, C. Stoyanov, P. Lee, E. W. Piatkowski, D. McLennan, J. Ogren, J. Kumor, C. Es-Said, O. S. TI Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of coated AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats exposed to simulated thermal blast SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Al 6061-T6; Heat resistant coatings; Degradation of mechanical properties ID HEAT DAMAGE AB The purpose of this study was to test the heat resistance of eight different combinations of coatings that are applied on Marine Corps AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats. The objective was to determine which coating is best suited for use on mats exposed to exhaust from short take off and vertical landing aircraft. Each coating combination was first exposed to the flame of three torches from a constant distance for different periods of time. Then, conductivity, hardness, tensile tests and optical microscopy were conducted. The plate with NiAl bond coating, Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) heat resistance coating, and NiCr-SiC non-skid coating outperformed other coating combinations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilhelm, C.; LaCaille, G.; Wright, N.; Ward, N.; Shu, C.; Painter, R.; Vinquist, C.; Stoyanov, P.; McLennan, J.; Ogren, J.; Kumor, C.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Lee, E. W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Piatkowski, D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0353668] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates Program; Grant number EEC-0353668, Ms. Esther Bolding is the program manager. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.12.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 377ON UT WOS:000261260600001 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ AF Schubbe, Joel J. TI Evaluation of fatigue life and crack growth rates in 7050-T7451 aluminum plate for T-L and L-S oriented failure under truncated spectra loading SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Aircraft; Life prediction; Mechanical testing; Fractography; Fatigue ID ALLOYS AB Spectrum crack growth testing of 7050-T7451 plate was performed for T-L and L-S specimen orientations to determine the influence of spectrum truncation on fatigue crack growth rates and overall life. This testing was performed on center-hole (double crack), flat, rectangular tensile specimens machined from material blanks cut from 10.16 cm plate. Additional comparison T-L tests were also accomplished using blanks from available 7050-T7451 1.27 cm plate. Behavior of through-thickness long (> 5 mm) cracks is examined. Spectrum loading used for the testing was based on a nominal fighter load spectra and truncation levels of testing were comprised of baseline (5%), plus 20% and 30% ranges. The target, ordered tensile-compressive, stress levels were based on a combination of legacy and predicted use of US fighter aircraft. Results produced representative trends in life-to-failure increases for truncation levels relative to 5% truncated levels for the L-S and T-L orientation specimens. Crack growth rate data was recorded and comparisons are exhibited for varied orientation and crack length. Findings show that although relatively small changes in life are experienced due to orientation. L-S oriented plate material life is affected by the greatest extension of up to 17%. Crack growth rates for shorter cracks in the L-S material exceed growth rates in the T-L oriented material by more than two times the rate. Characteristics of splitting, crack wandering, branching, and shielding were observed in the L-S specimen tests. These potentially undesirable characteristics resulted in temporary crack arrest or retardation in the direction perpendicular to loading and resulted in overall specimen rupture well beyond the life predicted critical crack lengths. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schubbe, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schubbe@usna.edu FU US Navy; US Air Force FX This work was supported through the US Navy, the US Air Force and their respective laboratories. The material supplied for these tests was supplied under contract by Lockheed Martin Corporation and the US DoD. Thanks are owed to the USNA precision machine shop and Mr Anthony Antenucci for fabrication and technical assistance. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.05.009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 377ON UT WOS:000261260600031 ER PT S AU Levin, TE Irvine, CE Benzel, TV Nguyen, TD Clark, PC Bhaskara, G AF Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. Benzel, Terry V. Nguyen, Thuy D. Clark, Paul C. Bhaskara, Ganesha BE Massacci, F Redwine, ST Zannone, N TI Idea: Trusted Emergency Management SO ENGINEERING SECURE SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Engineering Secure Software and Systems CY FEB 04-06, 2009 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP ACM SIGSAC, ACM SIGSOFT, IEEE TCSE AB Through first-responder access to sensitive information for which they have not been pre-vetted, lives and property can be saved. We describe enhancements to a trusted emergency information management (EIM) system that securely allows for extraordinary access to sensitive information (luring a crisis. A major component of the architecture is the end-user device, the security of which is enhanced with processor-level encryption of memory. This paper introduces all approach to more efficiently use the processor-encryption feature for secure data storage, as well as ISA instructions for the management of emergency state. C1 [Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Clark, Paul C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benzel, Terry V.; Bhaskara, Ganesha] Univ Southern Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. RP Levin, TE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; tbenzel@isi.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu; pcclark@nps.edu; bhaskara@isi.edu FU Na-tional Science Foundation [CNS-0430566]; DARPA ATO [CNS-0430598] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Na-tional Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0430566 and CNS-0430598 with support from DARPA ATO. This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or of DARPA ATO. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00198-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5429 BP 32 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJB59 UT WOS:000264553700003 ER PT S AU Sarasvathy, S Dew, N Ventresca, MJ AF Sarasvathy, Saras Dew, Nicholas Ventresca, Marc J. BE Lumpkin, GT Katz, JA TI UNPACKING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY: OPPORTUNITIES, ACTIVITY AND CONTEXT SO ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIC CONTENT SE Advances in Entrepreneurship Firm Emergence and Growth LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; INSTITUTIONS; AGENCY; TRANSFORMATION; DISCOVERY; KNOWLEDGE; NETWORKS; CHOICE C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras] Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nicholas; Ventresca, Marc J.] Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Sarasvathy, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1074-7540 BN 978-1-84855-422-1 J9 ADV ENTREP FIRM EMER PY 2009 VL 11 BP 261 EP 281 DI 10.1108/S1074-7540(2009)0000011011 D2 10.1108/S1074-7540(2009)0000011002 PG 21 WC Business; Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA BLS97 UT WOS:000270962800010 ER PT J AU Wang, J van den Heever, SC Reid, JS AF Wang, Jun van den Heever, Susan C. Reid, Jeffrey S. TI A conceptual model for the link between Central American biomass burning aerosols and severe weather over the south central United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Central American smoke; aerosol and severe weather in the United States; aerosol-cloud interaction ID SMOKE; FIRES; POLLUTION; STORMS; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; AMAZON; FOREST; CLOUDS AB Each spring, smoke particles from fires over the Yucatan Peninsula and south Mexico cross over the Gulf of Mexico into the United States (US) under the control of moist oceanic air flow from the southwestern branch of the subtropical (Bermuda) high. Smoke can be transported deep into the south central US, where dry lines and warm conveyor belts are frequently formed and cause deep convection and severe weather. Lyons et al (1998 Science 282 77-80) and Murray et al (2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2249-52) noticed a similar to 50% increase of lightning along the smoke transport path over the south central US during the May 1998 Central American smoke episode. Here we present a conceptual model of coherent microphysical and meteorological mechanisms through which smoke may impact convective clouds and subsequently result in more severe weather over the south central US. The conceptual model depicts a chain of processes in which smoke particles are first activated as cloud condensation nuclei when they are entrained into the warm conveyor belt, a convective zone formed over the south central US as a result of the encounter between the mid-latitude trough and the subtropical Bermuda high. As the convection continues with deepening of the mid-latitude trough, the greater concentration of water cloud condensation nuclei delays the warm rain processes, enhances the development of ice clouds, and invigorates the updrafts, all of which contribute to the formation of severe weather such as hail and lightning. The conceptual model is based on the reasoning of physical mechanisms revealed in previous studies (over the tropical biomass region), and is supported here through the analysis of satellite data, ground observations, aerosol transport model results, and idealized cloud resolving simulations of a day in May 2003 when record tornado events occurred over the south central US. Further assessment of this conceptual model is discussed for future investigations. C1 [Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wang, Jun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [van den Heever, Susan C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), 303 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI van den Heever, Susan/E-8728-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI van den Heever, Susan/0000-0001-9843-3864; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU NASA Earth Science New Investigator Program; Radiation Science Program; Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland FX This project is supported by the NASA Earth Science New Investigator Program and Radiation Science Program as well as the NASA GSFC Yoram Kaufman visiting fellowship under the administration of Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland in Baltimore (UMBC). J Wang is also grateful to Dr Lorraine Remer for hosting his visit to NASA/GSFC. Dr Reid's participation in this work is provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and one reviewer in particular for providing constructive comments that improved this manuscript. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 442YX UT WOS:000265878500017 ER PT J AU Smith, CI Bowfield, A Cuquerella, MC Mansley, CP Farrell, T Harrison, P Martin, DS Fernig, DG Edwards, C Butler, JE Hamers, RJ Sun, B Wang, X Weightman, P AF Smith, C. I. Bowfield, A. Cuquerella, M. C. Mansley, C. P. Farrell, T. Harrison, P. Martin, D. S. Fernig, D. G. Edwards, C. Butler, J. E. Hamers, R. J. Sun, B. Wang, X. Weightman, P. TI Detection of DNA hybridisation on a functionalised diamond surface using reflection anisotropy spectroscopy SO EPL LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MICROARRAYS; ADSORPTION AB The analysis of single-stranded DNA attached to a polycrystalline diamond surface by reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) demonstrates that the DNA is oriented essentially vertically to the surface. RAS is able to detect the hybridisation between the attached strand and the homologous sequence. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Smith, C. I.; Bowfield, A.; Cuquerella, M. C.; Mansley, C. P.; Farrell, T.; Harrison, P.; Martin, D. S.; Weightman, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Fernig, D. G.; Edwards, C.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hamers, R. J.; Sun, B.; Wang, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Smith, CI (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM peterw@liverpool.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Fernig, David/A-3590-2008; Cuquerella, M. Consuelo/H-9759-2015; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Fernig, David/0000-0003-4875-4293; Cuquerella, M. Consuelo/0000-0002-2640-1123; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 FU UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC); North West Science Fund (NWSF) FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr HANAN L. MESSIHA for her help and advice in preparing the thiolated oligonucleotides. We also acknowledge the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) and the North West Science Fund (NWSF) for funding this work. We also thank Element Six for providing the diamond specimens. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2009 VL 85 IS 1 AR 18006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/85/18006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 411ZH UT WOS:000263692500038 ER PT J AU Keith, WL Cipolla, KM Furey, D AF Keith, William L. Cipolla, Kimberly M. Furey, Deborah TI Turbulent wall pressure fluctuation measurements on a towed model at high Reynolds numbers SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; AXIAL-FLOW; FREQUENCY SPECTRA; SHEAR-STRESS; CYLINDER AB Turbulent wall pressure fluctuation measurements were made in water on a towed model of length 129.8 (m) and diameter 3.8 (cm) for steady speeds from 6.2 (m/s) to 15.5 (m/s). The drag on the model was measured with a strut mounted load cell which provided estimates of the momentum thickness and friction velocity. Momentum thickness Reynolds numbers Re (theta) varied from 4.8 x 105 to 1.1 x 106. The ratio of momentum thickness to viscous length scale is significantly greater than for flat plate cases at comparable Re (theta). The effectiveness of inner and outer velocity and length scales for collapsing the pressure spectra are discussed. The wavenumber-frequency spectra show a convective ridge at higher frequencies similar to flat plate boundary layers. At low frequencies, energy broad in wavenumber extends outside the convective ridge and acoustic cone, with no characteristic wave speed. Wall pressure cross-spectral levels scaled with similarity variables are shown to increase with increasing tow speed, and to follow decay constants consistent with flat plate cases. The convection velocities also display features similar to flat plate cases. C1 [Keith, William L.; Cipolla, Kimberly M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Furey, Deborah] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Marine & Aviat Dept, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Keith, WL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM keithwl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program; Office of Naval Research Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) FX Funding was provided by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program, manager Mr. Richard Philips. Professor Tim Wei at RPI provided many helpful suggestions. The authors are also grateful to Ms. Jane Leous (Cornell University) and Ms. Elizabeth Scales (Georgia Tech.) for their contributions to this project under the Office of Naval Research Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP). Mr. David Jasinski of Code 1513 also provided invaluable support on the tests. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s00348-008-0552-y PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 382CT UT WOS:000261583300014 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Holmes, JP Murray, JL von Hofe, E Peoples, GE AF Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Holmes, Jarrod P. Murray, James L. von Hofe, Eric Peoples, George E. TI CD4(+) T cells in antitumor immunity: utility of an li-Key HER2/neu hybrid peptide vaccine (AE37) SO EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE AE37; breast cancer; li-Key; peptide; vaccine ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HER-2/NEU ONCOGENIC PROTEIN; INVARIANT CHAIN PEPTIDES; BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS; CLASS-II MOLECULES; GROUP-STUDY I-01; MHC CLASS-I; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; DENDRITIC CELLS AB Background: Early clinical trials of HER2/neu-derived peptide vaccines indicate that they may be useful for preventing recurrence in breast cancer patients rendered disease-free after standard-of-care therapy. An effective vaccination strategy will probably require stimulation of T helper (Th) cells. AE37 is an HER2/neu-derived peptide that has been modified to enhance anti gen-specific stimulation of Th cells by linkage of the li-Key moiety of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (li protein). Objective: To review the literature regarding the role of a Th response in immunotherapy with a focus on this novel HER2/neu-derived AE37 peptide. Results/conclusion: improved immuno-genicity of the AE37 li-key hybrid peptide has been demonstrated in animal models, ex vivo patient cells, and, most recently, in a Phase I clinical trial in breast cancer patients. Future clinical trials incorporating AE37 into a peptide vaccine strategy are warranted. C1 [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Murray, James L.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [von Hofe, Eric] Antigen Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mittendorf, EA (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 444, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM eamitten@mdanderson.org FU Antigen Express FX Murray has received $100,000 in grant funds from Antigen Express.; von Hofe is president of Antigen Express. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1471-2598 J9 EXPERT OPIN BIOL TH JI Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1517/14712590802614538 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 393BX UT WOS:000262347000007 PM 19063694 ER PT S AU Miller, JB Sauer, KL Klug, CA Buess, ML AF Miller, Joel B. Sauer, Karen L. Klug, Christopher A. Buess, Michael L. BE Fraissard, J Lapina, O TI EFFICIENT EXCITATION AND RINGING SUPPRESSION IN NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE SO EXPLOSIVES DETECTION USING MAGNETIC AND NUCLEAR RESONANCE TECHNIQUES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Explosives Detection Using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques CY JUL 07-09, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO DE NQR; SLSE; phase-alternated SLSE; piezoelectric and magnetoacoustic ringing ID COMPOSITE PULSES; N-14 NQR; MULTIPULSE SEQUENCES; PURE NQR; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; POWDERS; DESIGN; STATES AB Detection of materials using nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is often hampered by interference from remote radio frequency sources such as radio stations, and from local sources such as piezoelectric and magnetoacoustic ringing. NQR pulse sequences have been devised that reduce or eliminate the ringing, but these pulse sequences also reduce the NQR signal. We show that the signal reduction is the result of destructive interference between spin echoes created by multiple echo formation pathways. The destructive interference can be greatly reduced using composite refocusing Pulses in the NQR pulse sequences to force the echoes into selected echo formation pathways. C1 [Miller, Joel B.; Sauer, Karen L.; Klug, Christopher A.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sauer, Karen L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Buess, Michael L.] SFA, Adv Technol Div, Lanham, MD 20785 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joel.b.miller@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-3060-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2009 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3062-7_4 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BLK10 UT WOS:000270347300004 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AM Fu, TC AF Fullerton, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. GP ASME TI PRESSURE GAGE MEASUREMENTS IN A DRY TO WET ENVIRONMENT SO FEDSM2009, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 02-06, 2009 CL Vail, CO SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Pressure gages are used in many fluid measurements applications. One such application is the measurement of wave impact pressures on structures. This application poses a unique problem of measuring pressures in a "wet to dry" environment. Often there is a thermal drift component in the pressure readings that makes it difficult to extract the actual pressure rise due to wave loading. These types of measurements also require high response rates to measure the detail of the short duration impacts, usually on the order of one to twenty kilohertz. Several bench tests were carried out in at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, in 2008 to investigate various types of gages to find a robust gage that could withstand this type of application. Three different gages were used in this investigation. The first sensor (gage 1) is a dynamics general purpose ICP (integrated circuit piezoelectric) pressure sensor, capable of making very high frequency dynamic pressure measurements, rated to 200 psi. The second sensor (gage 2) is a voltage compensated, media isolated piezoresistive sensor, rated to 15 psi. This gage had a pressure port which was filled with water during testing to eliminate air compression effects. The third sensor (gage 3) is a semiconductor pressure gage rated to 25 psi (172.4 kPa). A water "drop" test setup was constructed of 2 inch (5.1 cm) PVC pipe. The pressure gages were mounted to the bottom of the setup facing up, and the pipe was filled from the top, with a quick acting gate valve located 2 feet (0.61 m) from the pressure sensors. Once the pipe was filled with the desired amount of water, the gate valve was opened as quickly as possible, and the impact force was measured. Vent pipes were mounted to a "cross" fitting in the vertical pipe which allowed for the air to escape. Several water "drop" tests were performed with this setup. From these tests, the thermal drift of gage 1 is evident. Gage 3 exhibits similar behavior. Gage 2 captures the water pressure impact, and then returns to a small positive static pressure as a result of the water that is sitting above it. Of the three sensors, gage 2 appears to be the most temperature stable. C1 [Fullerton, Anne M.; Fu, Thomas C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fullerton, AM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA PY 2009 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK49 UT WOS:000282916200005 ER PT J AU Fu, TC Fullerton, AM Drazen, DA AF Fu, Thomas C. Fullerton, Anne M. Drazen, David A. GP ASME TI FREE-SURFACE MEASUREMENTS IN A TOW TANK USING LiDAR SO FEDSM2009, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 02-06, 2009 CL Vail, CO SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID WAVES AB Light Detection and Ranging, or LiDAR, is a remote sensing technique that can be utilized to collect topographic data. These systems have been used extensively to measure open ocean and ship generated waves. Recently LiDAR systems have been used to measure the transom wave of the R/V Athena I and ambient ocean waves. This work has primarily focused on providing the time averaged, and spectral content of the wave field, by scanning the laser to measure wave profiles evolving in time. This paper describes recent efforts to utilize LIDAR systems to measure free-surface elevations in laboratory tow tanks. LiDAR measurements are limited to the white-water breaking regions of the flow, due to the limited strength of the signal return from non-breaking regions. In extending LiDAR measurements to a laboratory tow tank environment the lack of surface roughness and hence the lack of surface light scatterers needed to be addressed. A number of laboratory measurement applications will be described including a tow tank measurement similar to the R/V Athena I effort, and also measurement of regular and irregular breaking waves. C1 [Fu, Thomas C.; Fullerton, Anne M.; Drazen, David A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fu, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA PY 2009 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK49 UT WOS:000282916200006 ER PT B AU Jones, KD Platzer, MF AF Jones, Kevin D. Platzer, Max F. BE Floreano, D Zufferey, JC Srinivasan, MV Ellington, C TI Flow Control Using Flapping Wings for an Efficient Low-Speed Micro-Air Vehicle SO FLYING INSECTS AND ROBOTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A review is given of the research studies which led to the development of a flapping-wing propelled micro air vehicle which uses two oscillating wings in a biplane arrangement for propulsion and a fixed wing, for lift generation. Computational and experimental studies are described which were conducted to obtain quantitative information about the thrust and propulsive efficiency offered by this choice. They included inviscid incompressible panel code as well as viscous Navier-Stokes computations, flow visualizations and flow measurements in water and wind tunnels as well as direct thrust measurements. It is shown that the placement of the fixed wing upstream but closely coupled to the two oscillating wings delays flow separation and therefore offers special advantages for flight operations at the low Reynolds numbers encountered by micro air vehicles. C1 [Jones, Kevin D.; Platzer, Max F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jones@nps.edu; mplatzer@nps.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-89392-9 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_12 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Robotics GA BMI90 UT WOS:000272514900012 ER PT B AU Bachmann, RJ Vaidyanathan, R Boria, FJ Pluta, J Kiihne, J Taylor, BK Bledsoe, RH Ifju, PG Quinn, RD AF Bachmann, Richard J. Vaidyanathan, Ravi Boria, Frank J. Pluta, James Kiihne, Josh Taylor, Brian K. Bledsoe, Robert H. Ifju, Peter G. Quinn, Roger D. BE Floreano, D Zufferey, JC Srinivasan, MV Ellington, C TI A Miniature Vehicle with Extended Aerial and Terrestrial Mobility SO FLYING INSECTS AND ROBOTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INSECT FLIGHT; ROBOT; COCKROACH; WINGS; MODEL AB This chapter describes the design, fabrication, and field testing of a small robot (30.5 cm wingspan and 30.5 cm length) capable of motion in both aerial and terrestrial mediums. The micro-air-land vehicle (MALV) implements abstracted biological inspiration in both flying and walking mechanisms for locomotion and transition between modes of operation. The propeller-driven robot employs an undercambered, chord-wise compliant wing to achieve improved aerial stability over rigid-wing micro-air vehicles (MAVs) of similar size. Flight maneuverability is provided through elevator and rudder control. MALV lands and walks on the ground using an animal-inspired passively compliant wheel-leg running gear that enables the robot to crawl and climb, including surmounting obstacles larger than its own height. Turning is accomplished through differential activation of wheel-legs. The vehicle successfully performs the transition from flight to walking and is able to transition from terrestrial to aerial locomotion by propeller thrust on a smooth horizontal surface or by walking off a vertical surface higher than 6 m. Fabricated of lightweight carbon fiber the similar to 100 g vehicle is capable of flying, landing, and crawling with a payload exceeding 20% its own mass. To our knowledge MALV is the first successful vehicle at this scale to be capable of both aerial and terrestrial locomotion in real-world terrains and smooth transitions between the two. C1 [Taylor, Brian K.; Quinn, Roger D.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bachmann, Richard J.] BioRobots LLC, Cleveland, OH USA. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Boria, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ifju, Peter G.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Quinn, RD (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM r.vaidyanathan@bristol.ac.uk; ifju@ufl.edu; roger.quinn@case.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-89392-9 PY 2009 BP 247 EP 270 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_18 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Robotics GA BMI90 UT WOS:000272514900018 ER PT S AU Jeffords, R Heitmeyer, C Archer, M Leonard, E AF Jeffords, Ralph Heitmeyer, Constance Archer, Myla Leonard, Elizabeth BE Cavalcanti, A Dams, D TI A Formal Method for Developing Provably Correct Fault-Tolerant Systems Using Partial Refinement and Composition SO FM 2009: FORMAL METHODS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Formal Methods/16th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM 2009) CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP FME, SAP, Springer ID REQUIREMENTS; RETRENCHMENT AB It is widely agreed that building correct fault-tolerant systems is very difficult. To address this problem, this paper introduces a new model-based approach for developing masking fault-tolerant systems. As in component-based software development, two (or more) component specifications are developed, one implementing the required normal behavior and the other(s) the required fault-handling behavior. The specification of the required normal behavior is verified to satisfy system properties, whereas each specification of the required fault-handling behavior is shown to satisfy both system properties, typically weakened, and fault-tolerance properties, both of which can then be inferred of the composed fault-tolerant system. The paper presents the formal foundations of our approach. including a new notion of partial refinement and two compositional proof rules. To demonstrate and validate the approach, the paper applies it to a real-world avionics example. C1 [Jeffords, Ralph; Heitmeyer, Constance; Archer, Myla; Leonard, Elizabeth] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jeffords, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; leonard@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-05088-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5850 BP 173 EP 189 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPT83 UT WOS:000279900600012 ER PT S AU Coyne, JT Baldwin, C Cole, A Sibley, C Roberts, DM AF Coyne, Joseph T. Baldwin, Carryl Cole, Anna Sibley, Ciara Roberts, Daniel M. BE Schmorrow, DD Estabrooke, IV Grootjen, M TI Applying Real Time Physiological Measures of Cognitive Load to Improve Training SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS: NEUROERGONOMICS AND OPERATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA ID WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BIOCYBERNETIC SYSTEM; MENTAL WORKLOAD; INFORMATION; TASK; PERFORMANCE; ENGAGEMENT; VIGILANCE; SEARCH AB This paper discusses how the fields Of augmented cognition and neuroergonomics can be expanded into training. Several classification algorithms based upon EEG data and occular data are discussed in terms of their ability to classify operator state in real time. These indices have been shown to enhance operator performance within adaptive automation paradigms. Learning is different from performing a task that one is familiar with. According to cognitive load theory (CLT), learning is essentially the act of organizing information from working memory into long term memory. However, our working memory system has a bottleneck in this process, such that when training exceeds working memory capacity, learning is hindered. This paper discusses how CLT can be combined with multiple resource theory to create a model of adaptive training. This new paradigm hypothesizes that a system that can monitor working memory capacity in real time and adjust training difficulty can improve learning. C1 [Coyne, Joseph T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, Carryl; Sibley, Ciara; Roberts, Daniel M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cole, Anna; Sibley, Ciara] Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Coyne, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cbaldwi4@gmu.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02811-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2009 VL 5638 BP 469 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BKH40 UT WOS:000268101300055 ER PT S AU Sofge, DA AF Sofge, Donald A. BE Accardi, L Adenier, G Fuchs, CA Jaeger, G Khrennikov, A Larsson, JA Stenholm, S TI Quantum Programming: Past, Present, Future SO FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND PHYSICS - 5 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Foundations of Probability and Physics-5 CY AUG 24-27, 2008 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Vaxjo Univ, Int Ctr Math Modeling, SE Acad DE Quantum Computing; Functional Programming; Imperative Programming; Linear Logic; Lambda Calculus ID COMPUTATION; LOGIC AB This paper reviews the history and current (2008) state-of-the-art methods for programming quantum computers. We analyze the needs for programming quantum computers in the near future (when actual quantum computing hardware is available), and use this analysis to predict the direction in which the field is moving, and make recommendations for further development of quantum programming language tools. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nat Computat Grp, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sofge, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nat Computat Grp, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0636-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1101 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Physics; Mathematics GA BJF47 UT WOS:000265432200024 ER PT S AU Escobar, S Meadows, C Meseguer, J AF Escobar, Santiago Meadows, Catherine Meseguer, Jose BE Aldini, A Barthe, G Gorrieri, R TI Maude-NPA: Cryptographic Protocol Analysis Modulo Equational Properties SO FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN V: FOSAD 2007/2008/2009 TUTORIAL LECTURES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE VARIANT PROPERTY; SECURITY PROTOCOLS; ANALYZER; MODEL; CHECKING AB In this tutorial, we give an overview of the Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer (Maude-NPA), a tool for the analysis of cryptographic protocols using functions that obey different equational theories. We show the reader how to use Maude-NPA, and how it works, and also give some of the theoretical background behind the tool. C1 [Escobar, Santiago] Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Meadows, Catherine; Meseguer, Jose] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Escobar, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. EM sescobar@dsic.upv.es; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; meseguer@cs.uiuc.edu RI Escobar, Santiago/C-9589-2012 OI Escobar, Santiago/0000-0002-3550-4781 NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-03828-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5705 BP 1 EP 50 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03829-7 PG 50 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKX01 UT WOS:000269513200001 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR Swaminathan, S Su, JQ Menon, S AF McNelley, Terry R. Swaminathan, Srinvasan Su, Jianqing Menon, Sarath BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ TI AMICROSTRUCTURE - PROCESSING RELATIONSHIPS IN FRICTION STIR PROCESSING (FSP) OF NiAl BRONZE SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing held at the TMS 2009 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA DE Friction stir processing; Multi-pass processing; Microstructure; Strain distribution; NiAl bronze ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEELS; ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE AB The evolution of SZ and thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) microstructures during single-pass and multi-pass FSP by rectangular and spiral raster processes will be summarized. Microstructures produced by thermomechanical simulations will be compared to those produced during FSP. The distortion of microstructure constituents in thermomechanical simulations may be applied to estimation of SZ and TMAZ strain distributions in the initial FSP pass. Recrystallization in the primary alpha constituent is initiated at kappa iv (Fe(3)Al) particles prior to their dissolution during straining. C1 [McNelley, Terry R.; Su, Jianqing; Menon, Sarath] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-737-7 PY 2009 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJC85 UT WOS:000264855500001 ER PT B AU Fonda, R Knipling, K AF Fonda, R. Knipling, K. BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ TI MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION DURING FRICTION STIR WELDING OF NEAR-ALPHA TITANIUM SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing held at the TMS 2009 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA DE titanium; grain structure; texture ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; STAINLESS-STEEL; ALUMINUM; IRON; FCC; BCC AB The microstructural evolution occurring around the tool was investigated in friction stir welds of the near-alpha alloy, Ti-5111. Specifically. the purpose of this investigation was to determine how the material ahead of the tool was influenced by the rotating tool to produce the refined grain structure observed adjacent to the tool and in the tool wake. This involved characterizing the base plate microstructure to show the original beta grain structure and its decomposition to form specific combinations of alpha lath orientations. The microstructure and texture of the final refined grain structure near the tool and in the deposited weld is also discussed. C1 [Fonda, R.; Knipling, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-737-7 PY 2009 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJC85 UT WOS:000264855500002 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Fonda, RW Jones, HN Feng, CR Moon, DW AF Pao, P. S. Fonda, R. W. Jones, H. N. Feng, C. R. Moon, D. W. BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ TI FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN FRICTION STIR WELDED Ti-5111 SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing held at the TMS 2009 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA DE Friction stir welding; Fatigue crack growth; Microstructure; Titanium; Residual stresses ID MICROSTRUCTURE; CORROSION; ALLOY AB The effects of weld microstructure and weld speed on the fatigue crack growth kinetics of friction stir welded Ti-5111 were investigated. The FSW welds in Ti-5111 consist of very fine recrystallized grains. in contrast to coarse basketweave grains in the base plate. Fatigue crack growth rates are significantly lower and fatigue crack growth thresholds are significantly higher through the weld than those in the base plate. As the weld speed increases, the fatigue crack growth rates are progressively higher and fatigue crack growth thresholds lower through the weld. However, after stress-relief annealing, such differences in fatigue crack growth kinetics among different weld speeds no longer exist. Fatigue crack growth rates through post stress-relieved welds are hi-her than those in the base metal. The observed fatigue crack growth responses, are discussed in terms of differences in crack tip microstructure, compressive residual stresses, crack closure, and crack deflection. C1 [Pao, P. S.; Fonda, R. W.; Jones, H. N.; Feng, C. R.; Moon, D. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-737-7 PY 2009 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJC85 UT WOS:000264855500004 ER PT S AU Florinski, V Balogh, A Jokipii, JR McComas, DJ Opher, M Pogorelov, NV Richardson, JD Stone, EC Wood, BE AF Florinski, V. Balogh, A. Jokipii, J. R. McComas, D. J. Opher, M. Pogorelov, N. V. Richardson, J. D. Stone, E. C. Wood, B. E. BE Linsky, JL Izmodenov, VV Mobius, E VonSteiger, R TI The Dynamic Heliosphere: Outstanding Issues Report of Working Groups 4 and 6 SO FROM THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE TO THE LOCAL BUBBLE: COMPARISON OF NEW OBSERVATIONS WITH THEORY SE Space Science Series of ISSI LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Solar Wind; Termination shock; Heliosheath; Heliopause; Pickup ions; Interstellar neutral atoms; Anomalous cosmic rays ID SOLAR-WIND TERMINATION; INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOMS; BOUNDARY EXPLORER IBEX; PLASMA DEPLETION LAYER; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; BOW SHOCK; 3-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS AB Properties of the heliospheric interface, a complex product of an interaction between charged and neutral particles and magnetic fields in the heliosphere and surrounding Circumheliospheric Medium, are far from being fully understood. Recent Voyager spacecraft encounters with the termination shock and their observations in the heliosheath revealed multiple energetic particle populations and noticeable spatial asymmetries not accounted for by the classic theories. Some of the challenges still facing space physicists include the origin of anomalous cosmic rays, particle acceleration downstream of the termination shock, the role of interstellar magnetic fields in producing the global asymmetry of the interface, the influence of charge exchange and interstellar neutral atoms on heliospheric plasma flows, and the signatures of solar magnetic cycle in the heliosheath. These and other outstanding issues are reviewed in this joint report of working groups 4 and 6. C1 [Florinski, V.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Florinski, V.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Balogh, A.] Int Space Sci Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Jokipii, J. R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jokipii, J. R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Opher, M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stone, E. C.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Richardson, J. D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Florinski, V (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM vaf0001@uah.edu; balogh@issibern.ch; jokipii@lpl.arizona.edu; dmccomas@swri.edu; mopher@physics.gmu.edu; np0002@uah.edu; jdr@space.mit.edu; ecs@srl.caltech.edu; brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1385-7525 BN 978-1-4419-0246-7 J9 SPACE SCI SER ISSI PY 2009 VL 31 BP 57 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKB88 UT WOS:000267707400005 ER PT S AU Ligler, FS Erickson, JS Golden, JP Kim, JS Nasir, M Howell, PJ Thangawng, AL Hilliard, LR Anderson, GP AF Ligler, Frances S. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Golden, Joel P. Kim, Jason S. Nasir, Mansoor Howell, Peter J. Thangawng, Abel L. Hilliard, Lisa R. Anderson, George P. BE Fauchet, PM TI Microflow cytometer SO FRONTIERS IN PATHOGEN DETECTION: FROM NANOSENSORS TO SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Frontiers in Pathogen Detection - From Nanosensors to Systems CY JAN 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE flow cytometry; microfluidics; multi-analyte assay; coded microspheres; microflow cytometer AB A multi-analyte diagnostic system based on a novel microflow cytometer is under development as a portable, field-deployable sensor for environmental monitoring and for rapid point-of-care and on-site diagnosis of exposure to biothreat agents. The technology relies on a unique method for ensheathing a sample stream in continuous flow past an illuminated interrogation region. This sheathing approach efficiently focuses particles in the interrogation region of the fluidic channel and minimizes clogging by complex samples. Fluorescently coded microspheres provide the capability for highly multiplexed assays. In this report, separation of six microsphere sets was demonstrated with determination of immunoassays on three of the six sets; comparison to the commercial platform was made. C1 [Ligler, Frances S.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Golden, Joel P.; Kim, Jason S.; Nasir, Mansoor; Howell, Peter J.; Thangawng, Abel L.; Hilliard, Lisa R.; Anderson, George P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7413-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7167 AR 71670N DI 10.1117/12.807671 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU91 UT WOS:000285842500016 ER PT S AU Mulvaney, SP Ibe, CN Caldwell, JM Levine, JF Whitman, LJ Tamanaha, CR AF Mulvaney, Shawn P. Ibe, Carol N. Caldwell, Jane M. Levine, Jay F. Whitman, Lloyd J. Tamanaha, Cy R. BE Fauchet, PM TI Detection of Mitochondrial DNA with the Compact Bead Array Sensor System (cBASS (R)) SO FRONTIERS IN PATHOGEN DETECTION: FROM NANOSENSORS TO SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Frontiers in Pathogen Detection - From Nanosensors to Systems CY JAN 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE mitochondrial DNA; Fluidic Force Discrimination (FFD); bead assay; biosensor; point source pollution ID REAL-TIME PCR; SOURCE TRACKING; GENOMIC DNA; MAGNETIC MICROBEADS; BIOSENSOR; SEQUENCES; BOVINE; WATER; ASSAY AB Enteric pathogens are a significant contaminant in surface waters used for recreation, fish and shellfish harvesting, crop irrigation, and human consumption. The need for water monitoring becomes more pronounced when industrial, agricultural, and residential lands are found in close proximity. Fecal contamination is particularly problematic and identification of the pollution source essential to remediation efforts. Standard monitoring for fecal contamination relies on indicator organisms, but the technique is too broad to identify the source of contamination. Instead, real-time PCR of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an emerging method for identification of the contamination source. Presented herein, we evaluate an alternative technology, the compact Bead Array Sensor System (cBASS (R)) and its assay approach Fluidic Force Discrimination (FFD), for the detection of mtDNA. Previously, we achieved multiplexed, attomolar detection of toxins and femtomolar detection of nucleic acids in minutes with FFD assays. More importantly, FFD assays are compatible with a variety of complex matrices and therefore potentially applicable for samples where the matrix would interfere with PCR amplification. We have designed a triplex assay for the NADH gene found in human, swine, and bovine mtDNA and demonstrated the specific detection of human mtDNA spiked into a waste water sample. C1 [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Ibe, Carol N.; Whitman, Lloyd J.; Tamanaha, Cy R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mulvaney, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 1677, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shawn.mulvaney@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7413-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7167 AR 71670V DI 10.1117/12.806433 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU91 UT WOS:000285842500022 ER PT B AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, Robert S., Jr. Willett, Peter K. GP IEEE TI Maximizing Expected Gain in Supervised Discrete Bayesian Classification When Fusing Binary Valued Features SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Gain function; Noninformative prior; Discrete binary data; Unknown data distribution ID EMPIRICALLY OBSERVED STATISTICS; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, previously reported work is extended for fusing binary valued features. In general, when, mining discrete data to train supervised discrete Bayesian classifiers, it is often of interest to determine the best threshold setting for maximizing performance. In, this work, we utilize a discrete Bayesian classification model, a gain function, to determine the best threshold setting for a given number of binary valued training data under each class. Results are demonstrated for simulated data by plotting the expected gain versus threshold settings for different numbers of training data. In general, it is shown that the expected gain reaches a maximum at a certain threshold. Further, this maximum point varies with the overall quantization of the data. Additional results are also shown for a different gain function on the decision variable, that are used to extend previously reported results. C1 [Lynch, Robert S., Jr.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter K.] Univ Connecticut, ECE Dept, Storrs, CT USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM robert.s.lynch@navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 211 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000028 ER PT B AU Farrell, WJ Ganesh, C AF Farrell, William J., III Ganesh, Chidambar GP IEEE TI Generalized Chernoff Fusion Approximation for Practical Distributed Data Fusion SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Distributed Data Fusion; Tracking; Covariance Intersection; Information Theory; Chernoff Fusion ID COVARIANCE INTERSECTION AB This paper advances research in practical distributed data fusion with an emphasis on the generalized fusion of probability density functions in the presence of unknown correlations. Specifically, the proposed algorithm addresses fusion of any finite number of probability density functions in a distributed tracking environment where "rumor propagation" and statistical correlations may be present. This "rumor propagation" arises in real-world tactical military applications where distributed fusion nodes have dynamic and multi-cyclic data flows. In addition, interoperability requirements with legacy systems preclude control over pre-processing of data fusion inputs to ensure statistical independence or modify legacy systems with pedigree tagging techniques. Leveraging the well-known Covariance Intersection algorithm, its generalization, and previously developed approximations to Covariance Intersection, a computationally simple approximation for the generalized fusion of any number of probability, density functions is presented as the novel result of this paper. The derivation of this algorithm and numerical examples illustrate that the proposed approach enables practical fusion of generalized (non-Gaussian) observations in an ad-hoc distributed fusion network without the need for pedigree tagging. C1 [Farrell, William J., III] Adapt Methods Inc, R&D Dept, Centreville, VA 20120 USA. [Ganesh, Chidambar] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, USW Combat Syst, Newport, RI USA. RP Farrell, WJ (reprint author), Adapt Methods Inc, R&D Dept, Centreville, VA 20120 USA. EM jfarrell@adaptivemethods.com; chidambar.ganesh@navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 555 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000072 ER PT B AU Silbert, M AF Silbert, Mark GP IEEE TI A Robust Method for Computing Truth-to-Track Assignments SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Multi-target tracking performance; Multi-sensor tracking performance; truth-to-track assignment; report-identity based assignment; data fusion tracking performance AB Multi-sensor, multi-target tracking is the process of tracking one or more targets given periodic measurement reports of the target locations from one or more sensors. When there are many targets and/or the target density is high, this can be a complex problem. Because of the complexity, it is useful to measure how well the multi-target tracking system is performing. There are many ways to measure the performance but usually no one single measure can encompass the overall performance. Much work has been done on defining useful metrics such as tracking accuracy, track purity, and track continuity. Before any of these metrics can be applied, one must first determine the identity of the target tracks, i.e., the target being tracked by each track. Determining which track corresponds to which target is called the truth-to-track assignment problem. In the past, this assignment has been accomplished using local cost or global cost minimization techniques. While these techniques are useful when using real data, we will show that the assignments it produces can be less than ideal. In the cases where the measurement reports can be identified, such as in computer simulation, we will describe a much more powerful technique, called Report-Identity Based (RIB) assignment that is much more robust and objective. Furthermore, RIB assignment can be applied equally well to both report-to-track and track-to-track tracking systems. The paper will describe how it can be used for all types of tracking systems. C1 NAVAIR, Air 4 5 3 3, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Silbert, M (reprint author), NAVAIR, Air 4 5 3 3, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM mark.silbert@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1658 EP 1664 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001069 ER PT B AU Hempel, CG Pacheco, J AF Hempel, Christian G. Pacheco, Jason GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of the Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking Algorithm On the SEABAR Data Sets SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Probabilistic Multi-hypothesis Tracker; multi-static active sonar; batch target tracking; batch size; centralized and distributed processing systems AB The Probabilistic Multi-hypothesis Tracking (PMHT) algorithm [1] is a batch type multi-target tracking algorithm based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) method [2]. Unlike other more popular methods (eg., Multi-Hypothesis Tracking, MHT) the computational burden of PMHT grows linearly in the size of the batch, the number of clutter defections, and the number of targets tracked. The SEABAR [3] sea trail was conducted by the NATO Undersea Research Center in 2007 to investigate the suitability of some experimental high gain deployed active sonar receivers for tracking underwater contacts of interest. The sea trial yielded several useful multi-static active sonar data sets. The purpose of the effort reported here is to assess the target tracking performance of PMHT using structured multi-static active sonar sea trial data collected during the SEABAR experiment. This study quantifies the effects of batch size on the ability of PMHT to hold track on constant velocity and maneuvering contacts to determine the values that provide acceptable tracking performance. Situations involving contact maneuvers or temporary loss of detection (a.k.a., drop outs) are of particular interest. Specifically, the ability of PMHT to hold track as a function of batch size for two multi-static active sonar sea trial data sets containing contact maneuvers and drop outs will be assessed. C1 [Hempel, Christian G.; Pacheco, Jason] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM hempelcg@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1830 EP 1836 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001091 ER PT B AU Coraluppi, S Carthel, C Willett, P Dingboe, M O'Neill, O AF Coraluppi, Stefano Carthel, Craig Willett, Peter Dingboe, Maxence O'Neill, Owen GP IEEE TI The Track Repulsion Effect in Automatic Tracking SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Target tracking; multi-hypothesis tracking; distributed processing; track coalescence; track repulsion effect AB The track coalescence effect degrades the performance of probabilistic data association trackers in dense target scenarios. Recently, it has been observed that an opposite effect exists with trackers that utilize hard data association, which we denote as the track repulsion effect. In this paper, we examine this effect in the context of a crossing target scenario, and explore the effectiveness of a track-oriented multi-hypothesis tracker in combating this effect, with both single-stage and multistage processing configurations. C1 [Coraluppi, Stefano; Carthel, Craig] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, Dept Appl Res, Viale S Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, ECE Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Dingboe, Maxence; O'Neill, Owen] French Naval Acad, F-29240 Brest, France. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Coraluppi, S (reprint author), NATO Undersea Res Ctr, Dept Appl Res, Viale S Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM coraluppi@nurc.nato.int; carthel@nurc.nato.int; willett@engr.uconn.edu; maxence.dingboe@hotmail.fr; owen.oneill@hotmail.fr OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0429] FX P. Willett was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-07-1-0429. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 2225 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001142 ER PT S AU Barrett, PE Godon, P AF Barrett, Paul E. Godon, Patrick BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI The Impact of Accurate Distances on UV Spectroscopy of White Dwarfs and Cataclysmic Variables SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE distances:parallaxes; spectroscopy: ultraviolet; white dwarfs; cataclysmic variables; accretion disks AB J-MAPS and Gaia are two asterometry missions to be launched in 2012. The positions of stars brighter than 15 magnitude will be measured to accuracies of better than one milli-arcsecond and 25 micro-arcseconds, respectively. Accurate distances (< few percent) will constrain the luminosity and hence, effective temperature, radius and mass of isolated white dwarfs. With a sufficiently large sample, evolutionary models can be tested. For cataclysmic variables (CVs), evolutionary models can also be tested, particularly for dwarf novae in quiescence where the white dwarf is detected. By measuring the T(eff) of the white dwarf, the long-term accretion rate of the binary can be estimated and compared with the expected accretion rate of magnetic braking for CVs above the period gap (> 3 hr) and gravitational braking for those below the gap (< 2 hr). For nova-like systems, whose luminosity is dominated by the accretion disk and affected by interstellar extinction and reddening, accurate distances can help constrain the temperature profile of the disk. C1 [Barrett, Paul E.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Barrett, PE (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM barrett.paul@usno.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 291 EP 293 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400059 ER PT B AU Swiergosz, M AF Swiergosz, Matthew BE Lang, MA Brubakk, AO TI International Cooperation in Diving Research SO FUTURE OF DIVING:100 YEARS OF HALANE AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Future of Diving - 10 Years of Haldane and Beyond CY DEC 18-19, 2008 CL Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp, Trondheim, NORWAY SP Int Marine Contractors Assoc, ACERGY Norway, TECHNIP Norway, StatoiHydro Norway, HELPRO AS HO Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp C1 Off Naval Res, Liberty Ctr 1, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Swiergosz, M (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Liberty Ctr 1, Suite 1425,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-5-3 PY 2009 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Oceanography; Sport Sciences SC Oceanography; Sport Sciences GA BMT94 UT WOS:000273561900023 ER PT B AU Rothberg, B AF Rothberg, Barry BE Jogee, S Marinova, I Hao, L Blanc, GA TI A Dynamical Miss: A Study of the Discrepancy Between Optical and Infrared Kinematics in Mergers SO GALAXY EVOLUTION: EMERGING INSIGHTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Galaxy Evolution: Emerging Insights and Future Challenges CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Dept Astron Board Visitors Excellence Funds HO Univ Texas ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MERGING GALAXIES; REMNANTS; ORIGINS; MODELS AB Recently, controversy has erupted over whether gas-rich spiral-spiral mergers are capable of forming m* ellipticals. Measurements of sigma circle from the 2.29 mu m CO band-head for local LIRG/ULIRGs, suggest they are not. IR-bright mergers are often cited as the best candidates for forming massive ellipticals, so the recent observations have raised doubts about both the Toomre Merger Hypothesis and the fundamental assumptions of Lambda-CDM galaxy formation models. However, kinematics obtained with the Calcium II Triplet at 8500 angstrom suggest mergers are forming m >= m* ellipticals. In this work, we show that kinematics derived from the CO stellar absorption band-head leads to a significant underestimation of the masses of LIRGs/ULIRGs. This is primarily due to the presence of a young population affecting CO band-head measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rothberg, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7211,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM barry.rothberg@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-718-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 419 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE53 UT WOS:000289032100043 ER PT S AU Razzaque, S Dermer, CD Finke, JD Atoyan, A AF Razzaque, Soebur Dermer, Charles D. Finke, Justin D. Atoyan, Armen BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Observational Consequences of GRBs as Sources of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma rays: bursts; gamma rays: theory; radiation mechanisms: nonthermal ID BURST FIREBALLS; TEV EMISSION AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been considered as candidates of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We investigate the signatures of CR proton acceleration in the GRBs by consistently taking into account their hadronic and electromagnetic interactions. We discuss the implications of our findings for high-energy gamma ray observations with the recently launched Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. C1 [Razzaque, Soebur; Dermer, Charles D.; Finke, Justin D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Razzaque, Soebur; Finke, Justin D.] CNR, Washington, DC USA. [Atoyan, Armen] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. RP Razzaque, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; NASA FX Work supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA grants. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 328 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300078 ER PT J AU Babich, YV Feigelson, BN AF Babich, Yu. V. Feigelson, B. N. TI Spatial distribution of the nitrogen defects in synthetic diamond monocrystals: Data of IR mapping SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-RATE; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; AGGREGATION; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMATICS; IMPURITIES; MECHANISM; CENTERS C1 [Babich, Yu. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Geol & Mineral, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Feigelson, B. N.] USN, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Babich, YV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Geol & Mineral, Pr Akad Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM Babich@uiggm.nsc.ru RI Babich, Yuri/A-5655-2014 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research, [09-05-00903] FX This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 09-05-00903. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1134/S0016702909010066 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 403IH UT WOS:000263075800006 ER PT J AU Book, JW Perkins, H Wimbush, M AF Book, Jeffrey W. Perkins, Henry Wimbush, Mark TI North Adriatic tides: observations, variational data assimilation modeling, and linear tide dynamics SO GEOFIZIKA LA English DT Article DE tidal velocity; tidal elevation; tidal dissipation; Kelvin wave; Topographic Rossby wave; energy flux ID SEA; PREDICTION; SHELF AB Fifteen open-sea time-series observations of tidal velocities and tidal bottom pressures for more than six months duration provide a new database for North Adriatic tides. The observations show nearly reversing tidal currents at most locations and increasing tidal-current strength near Istria. Tidal elevation amplitudes and phases respectively increase northwestward and counter-clockwise, strongly for semidiurnal tides and weakly for diurnal tides. The data are used for optimal determination of boundary conditions for a linear strong-constraint variational data assimilation model and the resulting average rms difference errors for tidal elevations and currents are below 1 cm and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. The Q factors from the model are 14.0 for M-2 and 22.4 for K-1, but comparisons between frictional dissipation estimated from the model and from the data suggest that model dissipation values could be too high by a factor of two and Q factors too small. Model potential energy is 1.5 times kinetic energy for M-2 and 6.1 times kinetic energy for K-1. Observational and modeling results suggest that energy fluxes from Kvarner Bay are significant in the North Adriatic tidal energy balance. M-2 energy fluxes support the concept of an incident and reflected Kelvin wave in the North Adriatic with some modification. K-1 energy fluxes show a northeastward cross-basin flux near the 50 m isobath where the bathymetric slope is particularly steep, with Kelvin-wave-like structures north of the ridge and departures from Kelvin-wave structure south of the ridge. C1 [Book, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Perkins, Henry] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Wimbush, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Book, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; NRL [NRL/JA/7330-09-9277] FX We thank Mark Hulbert and Ray Burge of NRL, the technical mooring team of NURC, and all those aboard the RV Alliance during the adria23 cruises for their work in the successful deployment and recovery of all the JRP moorings. We thank Richard Signell for sharing the NURC mooring data. We thank Dave Hebert, Ivica Janekovic, Mike Kuzmic, Paul Martin, Tom Rossby, Malcolm Spaulding, Bud Vincent, Hans Ngodock, Scott Pope, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on portions of this work. The work of J. W. Book and H. Perkins was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the research program "Adriatic Circulation Experiment" and " Environmental Optimization of Sea-Bed Energy Harvesting for Navy Devices" under Program Element Number 0602435N. Additional support for the work of J. W. Book was provided by the NRL Advanced Graduate Research Program. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7330-09-9277. We dedicate this work to the memory of Pavel Pistek who was instrumental in the development and application of the variational data-assimilation modeling program at NRL. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV ZAGREB , ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC GEOPHYS INST PI ZAGREB PA FAC SCIENCE, HORVATOVAC BB, ZAGREB, 10000, CROATIA SN 0352-3659 EI 1846-6346 J9 GEOFIZIKA JI Geofizika PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 115 EP 143 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549DA UT WOS:000274021200002 ER PT S AU Guth, P AF Guth, P. BE Hengl, T Reuter, HI TI Geomorphometry in MicroDEM SO GEOMORPHOMETRY: CONCEPTS, SOFTWARE, APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Soil Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB MicroDEM and its history . how do I get MicroDEM on my computer? . what can MicroDEM do? . how do I use MicroDEM? . what is terrain organisation? . how is MicroDEM unique? C1 [Guth, P.] USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pguth@usna.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0918 BN 978-0-08-092188-4 J9 DEV SOIL SCI JI Dev. Soil Sci. PY 2009 VL 33 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0166-2481(08)00015-9 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BCT60 UT WOS:000311363100016 ER PT S AU Zajic, AG AF Zajic, Alenka G. BE Ulema, M TI Impact of Mutual Coupling on MIMO Vehicle-to-vehicle Systems SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID MOBILE CHANNELS; SIMULATION; NETWORK AB This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3-D) model for wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V-to-V) multipath fading channels that accounts for mutual coupling among both, transmit and receive antenna elements. From the 3-D model, the spatial correlation is derived for a 3-D non-isotropic scattering environment. Finally, this model is used to evaluate the effect of mutual coupling on the antenna element patterns, spatial correlation, and received power of MIMO V-to-V systems in urban environments(1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zajic, AG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 1701 EP 1706 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579100282 ER PT S AU Kompella, S Sherali, H Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Sherali, Hanif Ephremides, Anthony BE Ulema, M TI Optimal Scheduling in Interference Limited Fading Wireless Networks SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID TRANSMISSION; CONSTRAINTS; CHANNEL; ENERGY AB We consider the problem of minimum-length scheduling of point-to-point links in a spatial TDMA (STDMA)-based wireless network with Rayleigh fading of both desired and interference signals. The problem formulation integrates the activation of multiple sets of links in the network, while taking into account their explicit statistical variations. We assume uniform (fixed) transmission power at all nodes and propose an algorithm based on a column generation approach, which takes into consideration the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) constraints at the receivers in order to generate a link schedule that minimizes the schedule length. For the formulated problem, we show that this column generation based approach can converge to a globally optimal solution. C1 [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sherali, Hanif] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Eng & Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 3014 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579101087 ER PT S AU Gaskill, DK Jernigan, GG Campbell, PM Tedesco, JL Culbertson, JC VanMill, BL Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Moon, J Curtis, D Hu, M Wong, D McGuire, C Robinson, JA Fanton, MA Stitt, JP Stitt, T Snyder, D Wang, X Frantz, E AF Gaskill, D. K. Jernigan, G. G. Campbell, P. M. Tedesco, J. L. Culbertson, J. C. VanMill, B. L. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Moon, J. Curtis, D. Hu, M. Wong, D. McGuire, C. Robinson, J. A. Fanton, M. A. Stitt, J. P. Stitt, T. Snyder, D. Wang, X. Frantz, E. BE Obeng, Y DeGendt, S Srinivasan, P Misra, D Iwai, H Karim, Z Hess, DW Grebel, H TI Epitaxial Graphene Growth on SiC Wafers SO GRAPHENE AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID GRAPHITE AB An in vacuo thermal desorption process has been accomplished to form epitaxial graphene (EG) on 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates using a commercial chemical vapor deposition reactor. Correlation of growth conditions and the morphology and electrical properties of EG are described. Raman spectra of EG on Si-face samples were dominated by monolayer thickness. This approach was used to grow EG on 50 mm SiC wafers that were subsequently fabricated into field effect transistors with f(max) of 14 GHz. C1 [Gaskill, D. K.; Tedesco, J. L.; VanMill, B. L.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-713-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1149/1.3119535 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMJ67 UT WOS:000272592300014 ER PT S AU Tedesco, JL VanMil, BL Myers-Ward, RL Culbertson, JC Jernigan, GG Campbell, PM McCrate, JM Kitt, SA Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Tedesco, J. L. VanMil, B. L. Myers-Ward, R. L. Culbertson, J. C. Jernigan, G. G. Campbell, P. M. McCrate, J. M. Kitt, S. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. BE Obeng, Y DeGendt, S Srinivasan, P Misra, D Iwai, H Karim, Z Hess, DW Grebel, H TI Improvement of Morphology and Free Carrier Mobility through Argon-Assisted Growth of Epitaxial Graphene on Silicon Carbide SO GRAPHENE AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID PHASE; FILMS AB Graphene was epitaxially grown on both the C- and Si-faces of 4H- and 6H-SiC(0001) under an argon atmosphere and under high vacuum conditions. Following growth, samples were imaged with Nomarski interference contrast and atomic force microscopies and it was found that growth under argon led to improved morphologies on the C-face films but the Si-face films were not significantly affected. Free carrier transport studies were conducted through Hall effect measurements, and carrier mobilities were found to increase and sheet carrier densities were found to decrease for those films grown under argon as compared to high vacuum conditions. The improved mobilities and concurrent decreases in sheet carrier densities suggest a decrease in scattering in the films grown under argon. C1 [Tedesco, J. L.; VanMil, B. L.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Culbertson, J. C.; Jernigan, G. G.; Campbell, P. M.; McCrate, J. M.; Kitt, S. A.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tedesco, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-713-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1149/1.3119538 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMJ67 UT WOS:000272592300017 ER PT S AU Oppenheimer, PM Romano, M Blocker, A Hall, J AF Oppenheimer, Paul M. Romano, Marcello Blocker, Allen Hall, Jason BE Friedman, EJ Culp, RD TI NOVEL THREE-AXIS ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR CUBESATS WITH HIGH AGILITY AND POINTING ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2009 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2009 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB CubeSats are increasingly providing more advanced capability and many creative applications have been proposed from remote sensing to on orbit assembly. They have recently drawn the high profile attention of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the US Department of Defense (USDoD) because of the new application areas and increasing capability. Some of the new concepts require a robust, agile (3+ deg/sec) spacecraft to perform the mission. A few attitude control subsystems are commercially available with flight heritage from magnetotorquers to reaction wheels. These available systems cannot provide agility for multi-unit CubeSats. We propose an attitude control system based on control moment gyros which meet the agility and pointing accuracy requirements for a more advanced class of CubeSats without increasing the power requirements. C1 [Oppenheimer, Paul M.; Blocker, Allen; Hall, Jason] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oppenheimer, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-553-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 133 BP 615 EP 632 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BMC42 UT WOS:000271835500036 ER PT J AU Ennen, CS Bofill, JA Magann, EF Bass, JD Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Ennen, Christopher S. Bofill, James A. Magann, Everett F. Bass, John D. Chauhan, Suneet P. Morrison, John C. TI Risk Factors for Cesarean Delivery in Preterm, Term and Post-Term Patients Undergoing Induction of Labor with an Unfavorable Cervix SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cesarean delivery; Induction of labor; Risk factors ID NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; ELECTIVE INDUCTION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; IMPACT; TRIAL AB Background/Aims: To identify risk factors for cesarean delivery in patients with an unfavorable cervix undergoing an indicated induction of labor. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of combined data from three prospective randomized trials comparing cervical ripening methods in singleton pregnancies with an unfavorable cervix seeking to identify risk factors for cesarean delivery. Results: Nine hundred and five women underwent an induction of labor for a variety of indications. Gestational age ranged from 27.0-42.8 weeks (mean of 37.8 weeks) and initial Bishop's score from 0-6 (mean 2.5). There were 613 vaginal deliveries (67.7%) and 292 cesarean deliveries (32.2%). Factors associated with an increased risk for cesarean delivery included nulliparous status, Bishop's score <= 1, body mass index >40 and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Risk factors for cesarean delivery in women undergoing an indicated induction include a low Bishop's score, high BMI, nulliparity and diabetes. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Ennen, Christopher S.; Magann, Everett F.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bofill, James A.; Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Mat Fetal Med Fellowship Program, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Magann, Everett F.] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Bass, John D.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. RP Ennen, CS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, 600 N Wolfe St,Phipps 228, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM chrisennen@mac.com NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2009 VL 67 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1159/000166307 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 404DU UT WOS:000263131700007 PM 18971583 ER PT J AU Lutgendorf, MA Magann, EF Yousef, M Hill, JB Foster, DT AF Lutgendorf, Monica A. Magann, Everett F. Yousef, Mashour Hill, James B. Foster, David T. TI Hepatic Epithelial Hemangioendothelioma in Pregnancy SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Hepatic epithelial hemangioendothelioma in pregnancy; Hepatic hemangioendothelioma; Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ID OF-THE-LITERATURE AB Background: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm that affects various tissues including liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, head and neck, bone, heart and the central nervous system. Case Report: A case of EHE is presented with lung and liver involvement during pregnancy. The patient had an uncomplicated antenatal course and delivery. Because of her asymptomatic presentation and the lack of safe and effective treatment during pregnancy, the decision was made to continue expectant management during her pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the only published case report on this tumor with lung and liver involvement during pregnancy. Conclusion: Expectant management of hepatic EHE is possible during pregnancy and can result in good maternal and fetal outcomes. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Magann, Everett F.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Yousef, Mashour] Peninsula Canc Ctr, Salisbury, MD USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM everett.magann@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2009 VL 67 IS 4 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.1159/000209216 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 442UD UT WOS:000265865200005 PM 19293591 ER PT B AU Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR AF Wu, Peter K. Ringeisen, Bradley R. BE Stein, DB TI HYDROGELS FOR CELL PRINTING SO HANDBOOK OF HYDROGELS: PROPERTIES PREPARATION & APPLICATIONS SE Chemical Engineering Methods and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TISSUE-ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; LIVING CELLS; VASCULARIZATION PROBLEM; THICK TISSUES; SCAFFOLDS; NETWORKS; GENERATION; ORGANISMS; PATTERNS AB In 2003, tissue engineering (TE) was recognized by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as an emerging research field. The scientific challenges and the potential benefits of TE resulted in a huge body of work on TE since the NSF report. The complexity of TE necessitates combining knowledge and skills from multiple disciplines to achieve its goals. Tissues contain many different cell types, and the symbiotic relationship between them must be established at proper locations. This can possibly be accomplished using tools to manipulate and position multiple cell types at specific locations. Cell printing (CP) techniques have demonstrated that 2 and 3D patterns of viable cells can be fabricated with pm resolutions. Thus CP has the potential to fabricate complex tissues cell-by-cell. Hydrogels play crucial roles in the cell pattern fabrication process and the cells' subsequent viability and differentiation. The mechanical properties of some hydrogels make them ideal scaffold materials while others reduce or eliminate cell damage during jet-based CP. The physical and chemical environment as well as fluid retention and transport properties of some hydrogel matrices provide a suitable environment for cells to thrive, propagate, or differentiate. In the following, we will review CP techniques and the roles of hydrogels in the fabrication of cell patterns. We will examine the properties of existing hydrogels that are of importance and finally, other properties which will be useful to CP and TE. C1 [Wu, Peter K.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-702-6 J9 CHEM ENG METHOD TECH PY 2009 BP 607 EP 617 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BQQ56 UT WOS:000281548900023 ER PT B AU Bausch, DO Brown, GG Hundley, DR Rapp, SH Rosenthal, RE AF Bausch, Dan O. Brown, Gerald G. Hundley, Danny R. Rapp, Stephen H. Rosenthal, Richard E. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Mobilizing Marine Corps Officers SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENT; NAVY C1 [Bausch, Dan O.; Brown, Gerald G.; Hundley, Danny R.; Rapp, Stephen H.; Rosenthal, Richard E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bausch, DO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000017 ER PT S AU Matey, JR Kennell, LR AF Matey, James R. Kennell, Lauren R. BE Tistarelli, M Li, SZ Chellappa, R TI Iris Recognition - Beyond One Meter SO HANDBOOK OF REMOTE BIOMETRICS FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Iris recognition is, arguably, the most robust form of biometric identification. It has been deployed in large-scale systems that have been very effective. The systems deployed to date make use of iris cameras that require significant user cooperation; that in turn imposes significant constraints on the deployment scenarios that are practical. There are many applications in which it would be useful to undertake iris recognition at distances greater than those provided by conventional iris recognition systems. This chapter reviews iris recognition methods and provides a framework for understanding the issues involved in capturing images for iris recognition at distances of a meter or more. This chapter is intended to be a self-contained tutorial, but the reader will be referred to recent reviews and papers for additional detail. A small set of exercises is provided at the end of the chapter. This chapter is based on the tutorial originally presented by Matey at the International Summer School on Biometrics held in Alghero in 2007 [1]. Mention of any product in this chapter is for illustrative and tutorial purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement of the product by the authors, the US Naval Academy or the US Government. C1 [Matey, James R.; Kennell, Lauren R.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Biometr Signal Proc Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Matey, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Biometr Signal Proc Lab, Maury Hall, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM matey@usna.edu; Kennel@usna.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1617-7916 BN 978-1-84882-384-6 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2009 BP 23 EP 59 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BKV78 UT WOS:000269435000002 ER PT S AU Julier, SJ Mittu, R AF Julier, Simon J. Mittu, Ranjeev BE Shahbazian, E Rogova, G DeWeert, MJ TI DISTRIBUTED DATA FUSION AND MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS FOR HARBOUR PROTECTION SO HARBOUR PROTECTION THROUGH DATA FUSION TECHNOLOGIES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Data Fusion Technologies for Harbour Protection CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP NATO DE Distributed data fusion; harbour security; maritime domain awareness; distributed operations AB Protecting a harbour against intentional and accidental threats is extremely difficult. Harbours are not closed systems. Rather, they are focal points for the movement of people and cargo, both in land and oil water. As such, threats can arise from many Sources that range from the smuggling of illegal and dangerous goods to the placement of mines to damage or destroy shipping. To detect the many, different types of threats, a harbour must be monitored by multiple sensing systems with different sensing modalities. To be practical, Such a large sensing system must be cost effective to install, can be readily upgraded, and Should be robust to sensor and Communication failures. In this chapter we discuss the role that distributed data fusion call play in harbour protection. We define and discuss distributed data fusion algorithms and illustrate how they Could be used in port Surveillance and Maritime Domain Awareness applications. C1 [Julier, Simon J.] USN, Res Lab, ITT Adv Engn Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mittu, Ranjeev] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Julier, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Adv Engn Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8881-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8883-4_23 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA BIQ39 UT WOS:000262044900023 ER PT S AU Wilson, JH Melkevik, A AF Wilson, James H. Melkevik, Arvid BE Shahbazian, E Rogova, G DeWeert, MJ TI THE QUIET INTERLUDE PROCESSING SYSTEM (QUIPS) - AN AUTOMATED DATA FUSION CAPABILITY FOR LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTS SO HARBOUR PROTECTION THROUGH DATA FUSION TECHNOLOGIES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Data Fusion Technologies for Harbour Protection CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP NATO DE Anti-submarine warfare; shallow water; multi-source ship tracking; motion/behaviour pattern analysis AB Producing accurate ship tracks from multi-source automated data fusion in near real time is a difficult but very important task of designing all effective system for maritime security. The QUIPS project funded by the Office of the Secretary of Defence (OSD) is to develop all automated data fusion capability for littoral environments, which includes very shallow water from depths of 300 m to the shoreline. The QUIPS specific objective is to accurately track surface ships in the crowded littoral environments by accurately using heterogeneous Sources, Which include national sensor satellite data, as well as local Sensors, Such as radar. This paper describes the initial capabilities developed in this project. C1 [Wilson, James H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Norwegian Def Res Estab, Kjeller, Norway. RP Wilson, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8881-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 259 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8883-4_31 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA BIQ39 UT WOS:000262044900031 ER PT J AU Geist-Martin, P Bell, KK AF Geist-Martin, Patricia Bell, Keely K. TI "Open Your Heart First of All": Perspectives of Holistic Providers in Costa Rica About Communication in the Provision of Health Care SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; PATIENT PARTICIPATION; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; SATISFACTION; OUTCOMES; DOCTORS AB Research documents how the care the holistic providers offer represents the quality communication that patients often do not receive from their biomedical providers. However, research investigating the perspectives of holistic providers concerning the role they see themselves playing in the provision of health is limited. This research explores the perceptions of holistic providers in Costa Rica about their communication with their patients. The results reveal two practices of communication-authenticating and integrating as central to providers' communication with patients in the provision of holistic health care. Providers describe their communication as an exploration of an anatomy of pain/suffering, including investigating the location, timing, length, intensity, and overall rhythm of the patient's condition and sense making that leads them to seek the care of a holistic provider. Most holistic providers see their role as being careful or full of care and suggest that they have an obligation to open their heart first of all. C1 [Geist-Martin, Patricia] San Diego State Univ, Sch Commun, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bell, Keely K.] USN, Med Ctr, Acquisit Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Geist-Martin, P (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Sch Commun, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM pgeist@mail.sdsu.edu NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 631 EP 646 DI 10.1080/10410230903242234 PG 16 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 557BW UT WOS:000274644100006 PM 20183371 ER PT B AU Stanney, KM Cohn, JV AF Stanney, Kay M. Cohn, Joseph V. BE Sears, A Jacko, JA TI VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION: DESIGN ISSUES, SOLUTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Human Factors and Ergonomics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORIOLIS-FORCE PERTURBATIONS; NEUROLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS; REALITY EXPOSURE; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENTS; ADAPTATION; INTERFACES; THERAPY; TRAINER C1 [Stanney, Kay M.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cohn, Joseph V.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Stanney, KM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 130 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8885-4 J9 HUM FACTORS ERGON PY 2009 BP 293 EP 310 D2 10.1201/9781420088861 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJX00 UT WOS:000267333100015 ER PT B AU Sullivan, TW Thompson, BB AF Sullivan, Tyler W. Thompson, Benjamin B. GP IEEE TI Fuzzy Logic to Fuse Data Communicated Among Multiple Pursuing Agents SO IA 2009: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT AGENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Agents CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE AB This paper investigates the use of fuzzy logic as a tool to fuse sensed and communicated data from multiple pursuers in a pursuit problem, to improve the individual pursuer's target tracking. An intuitive approach enables the development of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to fuse pursuers' sensed and communicated information. To show that the FIS aids the pursuers in a pursuit, a simulation models the sensor uncertainty and the movement of the targets and pursuers. The paper shows that the introduction of the FIS yields faster mean capture times of all targets with simpler pursuit trajectories as compared to a baseline algorithm. C1 [Sullivan, Tyler W.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Thompson, Benjamin B.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Sullivan, TW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2767-3 PY 2009 BP 39 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BMF07 UT WOS:000272066900006 ER PT S AU Shah, AK Daniels, DL Kontny, A Brozena, J AF Shah, Anjana K. Daniels, David L. Kontny, Agnes Brozena, John BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRATERS; VIRGINIA; GRAVITY; GHANA; MODEL AB We use magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores in combination with new and previously collected magnetic field data in order to constrain structural features within the inner basin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The Eyreville core shows the first evidence of several-hundred-meter-thick basement-derived megablocks that have been transported possibly kilometers from their pre-impact location. The magnetic anomaly map of the structure exhibits numerous short-wavelength (<2 km) variations that indicate the presence of magnetic sources within the crater fill. With core magnetic properties and seismic reflection and refraction results as constraints, forward models of the magnetic field show that these sources may represent basement-derived megablocks that are a few hundred meters thick or melt bodies that are a few dozen meters thick. Larger-scale magnetic field properties suggest that these bodies overlie deeper, pre-impact basement contacts between materials with different magnetic properties such as gneiss and schist or gneiss and granite. The distribution of the short-wavelength magnetic anomalies in combination with observations of small-scale (1-2 mGal) gravity field variations suggest that basement-derived megablocks are preferentially distributed on the eastern side of the inner crater, not far from the Eyreville core, at depths of around 1-2 km. A scenario where additional basement-derived blocks between 2 and 3 km depth are distributed throughout the inner basin-and are composed of more magnetic materials, such as granite and schist, toward the east over a large-scale magnetic anomaly high and less magnetic materials, such as gneiss, toward the west where the magnetic anomaly is lower-provides a good model fit to the observed magnetic anomalies in a manner that is consistent with both gravity and seismic-refraction data. C1 [Shah, Anjana K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Daniels, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kontny, Agnes] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Angew Geowissensch, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Brozena, John] USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964,Bldg 20,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ashah@usgs.gov; dave@usgs.gov; kontny@agk.uka.de; John.brozena@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(10) PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600012 ER PT B AU Kindt, RW Vouvakis, MN AF Kindt, R. W. Vouvakis, M. N. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Wavelength-Scaled Array Architectures via Domain Decomposition Techniques for Finite Arrays SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Wavelength-scaled array architectures use scaled elements to achieve ultra-wideband array performance with significantly fewer overall radiators than traditional ultra-wideband arrays consisting of a single element type. Given a requirement for an 8:1 bandwidth array of a given aperture size, an array of equivalent aperture and bandwidth is created from scaled elements of three sizes. The proposed wavelength-scaled equivalent architecture has 16% of the original element count with a comparable reduction in electronics required to feed the array, leading to significant cost savings. Because of the complex electromagnetic environment of the wavelength-scaled architecture, infinite array design tools cannot be used rigorous analysis methods using Domain Decomposition techniques for finite arrays are necessary to design and validate performance. C1 [Kindt, R. W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vouvakis, M. N.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Sensor & Commun Antennas, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kindt, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kindt@nrl.navy.mil; vouvakis@ecs.umass.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 198 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600049 ER PT B AU Stoudt, DC Gardner, RL Kohlberg, I AF Stoudt, D. C. Gardner, R. L. Kohlberg, I. GP IEEE TI THE ROLE OF HYBRID MODELS IN UNDERSTANDING FAILURE MECHANISMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE ELECTRONICS DUE TO HIGH-POWER MICROWAVE ILLUMINATION SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Over the last few years, members of the electromagnetics community have used two types of models to investigate the differences in upset thresholds for multiple microsecond pulses compared to single or few shot short-pulse illuminations of complex electronic equipment. These models are: communication theory models and hybrid models. After reviewing and contrasting these models, we use a hybrid model to better understand failure modes in a SCADA trainer as a simple example. The model considers the type of failures seen in current injection testing of this SCADA. The purpose of the model is to introduce a methodology of predicting failure modes for complex infrastructure components. C1 [Stoudt, D. C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Q04,18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 324, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Gardner, R. L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Kohlberg, I.] Kohlberg Assoc Inc, Reston, VA 20195 USA. RP Stoudt, DC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Q04,18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 324, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM DLGR_NSWC_Q04_DE@navy.mil; DLGR_NSWC_Q04_DE@navy.mil; Ira.Kohlberg@gmail.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 905 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600232 ER PT B AU Ngo, H Asari, V AF Ngo, Hau Asari, Vijayan GP IEEE TI Neighborhood Dependent Approach for Low Power 2D Convolution in Video Processing Applications SO ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Ind Elect Chapter Singapore, NW Polytechn Univ, IEEE Xian Sect, IEEE Control Sys Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Inst Engn & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Acquist & Proc DE window-based operation; FPGA; neighborhood dependent approach; 2D convolution; 2D filter; low power design ID 2-D CONVOLVERS AB Window-based operations such as two dimensional (2-D) convolution operations are commonly used in image and video processing applications. In this paper, a new design technique that considers the neighboring pixels within the window to detect and eliminate redundant or unnecessary computations for power reduction is presented. A novel on-chip detection technique is developed for the proposed neighborhood dependent approach (NDA) to reduce computations. In addition, data partitioning methodology is employed in the on chip buffer design support real-time operations. This NDA method is applied to different window buffering schemes and experimental results are presented. C1 [Ngo, Hau] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Asari, Vijayan] Old Dominion Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Ngo, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ngo@usna.edu; vasari@odu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2799-4 PY 2009 BP 651 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BMO85 UT WOS:000273183200127 ER PT S AU Chung, TH Kress, M Royset, JO AF Chung, Timothy H. Kress, Moshe Royset, Johannes O. GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Search Optimization and Mission Assignment for Heterogeneous Autonomous Agents SO ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation-ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 12-17, 2009 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE AB This paper presents an algorithmic framework for conducting search and identification missions using multiple heterogeneous agents. Dynamic objects of type "neutral" or "target" move through a discretized environment. Probabilistic representation of the current level of situational awareness - knowledge or belief of object locations and identities is updated with imperfect observations. Optimization of search is formulated as a mixed-integer program to maximize the expected number of targets found and solved efficiently in a receding horizon approach. The search effort is conducted in tandem with object identification and target interception tasks, and a method for assignment of these missions among agents is developed. The proposed framework is demonstrated in simulation studies, and an implementation of its decision support capabilities in a recent field experiment is reported. C1 [Chung, Timothy H.; Kress, Moshe; Royset, Johannes O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chung, TH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thchung@nps.edu; mkress@nps.edu; joroyset@nps.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-2788-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2009 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BOB06 UT WOS:000276080400040 ER PT J AU Tait, G Slocum, M Richardson, R AF Tait, Gregory Slocum, Michael Richardson, Robert TI On Multipath Propagation in Electrically Large Reflective Spaces SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Multipath propagation; room electromagnetics ID MODEL; ROOM AB A simple model for predicting the characteristic energy decay time of wireless RF emissions in confined, reflective spaces is presented. Based on this cavity decay time, accurate estimates of room quality factor, diffuse (multipath propagation) insertion loss, and statistical electric field coverage can be easily obtained. Spaces of interest for model applications include aircraft cabins, below-deck compartments in ships, metallic storage buildings and reflective room enclosures. Decay time predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement with measured data in a reverberant test chamber over the 1-10 GHz frequency range. C1 [Tait, Gregory; Slocum, Michael; Richardson, Robert] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Tait, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gregory.tait@navy.mil NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2014572 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 496UT UT WOS:000270005500002 ER PT J AU Dorsey, WM Zaghloul, AI Parent, MG AF Dorsey, W. Mark Zaghloul, Amir I. Parent, Mark G. TI Perturbed Square-Ring Slot Antenna With Reconfigurable Polarization SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Printed circuit antennas; square ring slot; switchable polarization ID SWITCHABLE POLARIZATION; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; MICROSTRIP ANTENNA; PATCH ANTENNA; DESIGN AB A perturbed slot with reconfigurable polarization that allows operation in left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), or linear polarization (LP) is presented. This antenna topology is well suited for wireless communications applications requiring polarization diversity since it provides the ability to switch between the three polarization states. This design is realizable in cost-effective printed circuit board technology, making it an attractive design for low-cost personal communications devices. An element was simulated, built, and tested to illustrate the electromagnetic polarization properties of each polarization state. While the simulation includes p-i-n diode switches, the measurements only use manual switching to prove the concept. C1 [Dorsey, W. Mark; Zaghloul, Amir I.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dorsey, W. Mark] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zaghloul, Amir I.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dorsey@radar.nrl.navy.mil; amirz@vt.edu; parent@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2009 VL 8 BP 603 EP 606 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2022286 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 470ZC UT WOS:000268020000033 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Petillo, J Antonsen, T Levush, B AF Chernin, David Petillo, John Antonsen, Thomas, Jr. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Recent Advances in Modeling of Traveling Wave Tubes SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES, COMMUNICATIONS, ANTENNAS AND ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS (COMCAS 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems (COMCAS) CY NOV 09-11, 2009 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL SP IEEE DE TWT; electron gun; helix; coupled cavities; depressed collector; computer simulation; gain; bandwidth; stability ID ELECTRON-GUN AB Traveling wave tubes (TWTs) remain the amplifiers of choice in many ground and space-based applications requiring the production of broadband high frequency microwave and millimeter wave power with high efficiency. All modern TWTs are designed using sophisticated computer-based design tools that are based on the fundamental physical laws governing the emission, transport, interaction, and collection of electron beams. This paper provides an overview of a state-of-the-art suite of modeling and design tools for the end-to-end simulation of coupled-cavity and helix traveling wave tubes. C1 [Chernin, David; Petillo, John] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas, Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3985-0 PY 2009 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2RY UT WOS:000342204000051 ER PT J AU Stanic, S Caruthers, JW Goodman, RR Kennedy, E Brown, RA AF Stanic, Steve Caruthers, Jerald W. Goodman, Ralph R. Kennedy, Edgar Brown, Robert A. TI Attenuation Measurements Across Surface-Ship Wakes and Computed Bubble Distributions and Void Fractions SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bubbies; propagation; scattering ID ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; SOUND-PROPAGATION; ITERATIVE APPROACH; BREAKING WAVES; SPECTRA; SPEED; SEA; OCEAN; MODEL; LAYER AB A surface ship's wake is composed of several hydrodynamic phenomena. A large part of that wake contains a mixture of air bubbles of various sizes in turbulent water. Eventually, as the wake ages, the turbulence subsides and bubbles begin to rise at rates that are determined by their sizes. These bubbles of various sizes and concentrations control the propagation of acoustic signals inside and across a wake. To further our understanding of these phenomena, a series of three continuous-wave (CW)-pulsed signals were transmitted across a wake as the wake aged. Each transmission contained a set of four 0.5-ms-long pulses. The 12 pulses ranged over frequencies from 30 to 140 kHz in 10-kHz steps. The acoustic attenuations across wakes that were due to varying bubble-size densities within the wakes were determined experimentally. From those data, estimates of the bubble densities as functions of the speed of the wake-generating ship, the wake's age, and acoustic frequency were calculated. From the bubble-density results, power-law fits and void fractions are calculated. The attenuation measurements were taken at 7.5-m intervals behind the wake-generating ship and continued for about 2 km. The experiment was run for wakes generated at ship speeds of 12- and 15-kn wakes, and the 15-kn run was repeated for consistence determination. The bubble densities were observed to have power-law forms with varying parameters with the strongest, for early ages, having an exponent of -3.6 and a void fraction of 4 x 10(-7), and with both diminishing for older wakes, as might be expected. C1 [Stanic, Steve; Kennedy, Edgar; Brown, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. [Caruthers, Jerald W.; Goodman, Ralph R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stanic, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. EM steve.stanic@nrlssc.navy.mil; jerald.caruthers@usm.edu; Ted.Kennedy@nrlssc.navy.mil; Bob.Brown@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2008411 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 425DU UT WOS:000264618000009 ER PT J AU Deveau, DM Lyons, AP AF Deveau, David M. Lyons, Anthony P. TI Fluid-Filled Passive Sonar Calibration Spheres: Design, Modeling, and Measurement SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Acoustic target strength; fluid-filled sphere; modeling; scattering ID TARGET STRENGTH AB Hollow spheres have long been used as simple underwater targets for testing acoustic projector systems. While spheres offer a mathematically simple shape with a resolvable scattering strength, their usage as a passive target has been less successful due to the complicated manner in which a hollow sphere scatters energy from its exterior and interior as a function of frequency and temperature. Furthermore, a sphere's aspect independent scattering requires a surface area that is physically much greater than a wavelength which in turn requires mechanical support systems that are also large, often with target strengths that rival that of the test target itself. This paper discusses the development of several thin-walled spheres, ranging in diameters from 0.1524 to 0.4953 m, filled with a high-density fluid, to be used collectively as calibrated underwater sonar targets in the 5-50-kHz frequency range and an additional 0.4953-m diameter sphere tested over the range of 5-120 kHz. The combination of the spherical shape and focusing effects of the fluid enhances the acoustic scattering strength of the sphere and produces a significantly greater backscattered response than a rigid sphere. A simple theoretical model is presented to compare several fill fluid possibilities and is then used to compare the chosen fluid, fluorolube, against measured data for each sphere. C1 [Deveau, David M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, W Palm Beach, FL 34058 USA. [Lyons, Anthony P.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Deveau, DM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, W Palm Beach, FL 34058 USA. EM acousticdude62@gmail.com; apl2@psu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.2010755 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 425DU UT WOS:000264618000010 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Ting, A Penano, J Fischer, R Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, Phillip Ting, Antonio Penano, Joseph Fischer, Richard Hafizi, Bahman TI Incoherent Combining and Atmospheric Propagation of High-Power Fiber Lasers for Directed-Energy Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Fiber lasers; laser beam combining; laser propagation AB High-power fiber lasers can be incoherently combined to form the basis of a directed high-energy laser system which is highly efficient, compact, robust, low-maintenance and has a long operating lifetime. This approach has a number of advantages over other beam combining methods. We present results of the first field demonstration of incoherent beam combining using kilowatt-class, single-mode fiber lasers. The experiment combined four fiber lasers using a beam director consisting of individually controlled steering mirrors. Propagation efficiencies of similar to 90%, at a range of 1.2 kin, with transmitted continious-wave power levels of 3 kW were demonstrated in moderate atmospheric turbulence. We analyze the propagation of combined single-mode and multimode beams in atmospheric turbulence and find good agreement between theory, simulations and experiments. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Ting, Antonio; Penano, Joseph; Fischer, Richard; Hafizi, Bahman] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phillip.sprangle@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. NR 10 TC 61 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1109/JQE.2008.2002501 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 404NX UT WOS:000263161100016 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, Jas S. Shaw, L. Brandon Aggarwal, Ishwar D. TI Chalcogenide Glass-Fiber-Based Mid-IR Sources and Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Fiber lasers; IR fibers; mid-IR lasers ID WAVE IR; AS-S; LASER; GENERATION; BAND AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing chalcogenide glass fibers for applications in the mid- and long-wave IR wavelength regions from 2 to 12 mu m. The chalcogen glasses (i.e., glasses based on the elements S, Se, and Te) are transparent in the IR, possess low phonon energies, are chemically durable, and can be drawn into fiber. Both conventional solid core/clad and microstructured fibers have been developed. Chalcogenide glass compositions have been developed that allow rare earth doping to enable rare-earth-doped fiber lasers in the IR. Also, highly nonlinear compositions have been developed with nonlinearities similar to 1000 x silica that enables nonlinear wavelength conversion from the near IR to the mid- and long-wave IR. In this paper, we review rareearth-doped chalcogenide fiber for mid- and long-wave IR lasers, and highly nonlinear chalcogenide fiber and photonic crystal fiber for wavelength conversion in the mid- and long-wave ER. C1 [Sanghera, Jas S.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jasbinder.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil; brandon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil; aggarwal@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 8 U2 54 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2010245 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 406SL UT WOS:000263315100015 ER PT J AU Laplante, P Michael, B Voas, J AF Laplante, Phil Michael, Bret Voas, Jeffrey TI Cyberpandemics: History, Inevitability, Response SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Laplante, Phil] Penn State Univ, Great Valley Grad Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Michael, Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Voas, Jeffrey] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Laplante, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Great Valley Grad Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM plaplante@psu.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; j.voas@ieee.org NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 401IH UT WOS:000262933900011 ER PT J AU Shackelford, AK Gerlach, K Blunt, SD AF Shackelford, Aaron K. Gerlach, Karl Blunt, Shannon D. TI Partially Adaptive STAP using the FRACTA Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COVARIANCE-MATRIX; ARRAYS; RADAR AB A partially adaptive space-time adaptive processor (STAP) utilizing the recently developed FRACTA algorithm is presented which significantly reduces the high computational complexity and large sample support requirements of fully adaptive STAR Multi-window post-Doppler dimensionality reduction techniques are employed to transform the data prior to application of the FRACTA algorithm. The FRACTA algorithm is a reiterative censoring (RC) and detection algorithm which has been shown to provide excellent detection performance in nonhomogeneous interference environments. Two multi-window post-Doppler dimensionality reduction techniques are considered: PRI-staggered and adjacent-bin. The partially adaptive FRACTA algorithm is applied to the KASSPER I (Knowledge-Aided Sensor Signal Processing & Expert Reasoning) challenge datacube. The pulse repetition interval (PRI)-staggered approach with D = 6 filters per Doppler bin is found to provide the best detection performance, outperforming the fully adaptive case while simultaneously reducing the runtime by a factor of ten. Using this implementation, partially adaptive FRACTA detects 197 out of 268 targets with one false alarm. The clairvoyant processor (the covariance matrix for each range cell is known) detects 198 targets with one false alarm. In addition, the partially adaptive FRACTA algorithm is shown to be resilient to jamming, and performs well for reduced sample support situations. When compared with partially adaptive STAP using traditional sliding window processing (SWP), the runtime of partially adaptive FRACTA is 14 times faster, and the detection performance is significantly increased (SWP detects 46 out of 268 targets with one false alarm). C1 [Shackelford, Aaron K.; Gerlach, Karl] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Shackelford, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shackelford@radar.nrl.navy.mil FU United States Office of Naval Research ONR 31; Dr. Joseph Guerci of DARPA FX This work was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research ONR 31 and Dr. Joseph Guerci of DARPA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100006 ER PT J AU Luginbuhl, T Hempel, C AF Luginbuhl, Tod Hempel, Christian TI Converting Bearings-Only Measurements to Cartesian Coordinates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TARGET MOTION ANALYSIS; GAUSSIAN FILTERS; TRACKING; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSFORMATION AB The lack of range information for passive measurements complicates sensor registration, requires one to address the arctangent function's singularities, and prevents one from applying existing polar to Cartesian conversion mappings. Consequently, a coordinate conversion method is developed for passive measurements using an integral representation. In addition, the existing coordinate conversion methods are shown to differ only by a constant multiplying each converted measurement and in the eigenvalues of the corresponding covariance matrix. C1 [Luginbuhl, Tod; Hempel, Christian] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Luginbuhl, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 1522,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.e.luginbuhl@ieee.org NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 393 EP 404 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100030 ER PT J AU Nord, ME Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS Stacy, NJS AF Nord, Michael E. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Lee, Jong-Sen Stacy, Nick J. S. TI Comparison of Compact Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Modes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Polarimetric radar; radar polarimetry; radar signature ID SYMMETRY PROPERTIES; SAR DATA; CLASSIFICATION AB Compact polarimetry is a technique that allows construction of pseudo quad-pol information from dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. Compact polarimetry showed promise of being able to reduce the complexity, cost, mass, and data rate of a SAR system while attempting to maintain many capabilities of a fully polarimetric system. In this paper, we study different transmit/receive configurations to determine which polarimetric configurations allow for superior reconstruction of the fully polarimetric data. We discuss modifications of the original reconstruction algorithm proposed by Souyris et al., which show potential to better reconstruct fully polarimetric data. C1 [Nord, Michael E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Nord, Michael E.; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Lee, Jong-Sen] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. [Stacy, Nick J. S.] Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburg, SA 5111, Australia. RP Nord, ME (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Michael.Nord@jhuapl.edu; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; nick.stacy@dsto.defence.gov.au NR 13 TC 74 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 174 EP 188 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000925 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392UM UT WOS:000262327700019 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Wen, JH Ainsworth, TL Chen, KS Chen, AJ AF Lee, Jong-Sen Wen, Jen-Hung Ainsworth, Thomas L. Chen, Kun-Shan Chen, Abel J. TI Improved Sigma Filter for Speckle Filtering of SAR Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Sigma filter; speckle; speckle filtering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID APERTURE RADAR IMAGES; LOCAL STATISTICS; NOISE; REDUCTION; ALGORITHM AB The Lee sigma filter was developed in 1983 based on the simple concept of two-sigma probability, and it was reasonably effective in speckle filtering. However, deficiencies were discovered in producing biased estimation and in blurring and depressing strong reflected targets. The advancement of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology with high-resolution data of large dimensions demands better and efficient speckle filtering algorithms. In this paper, we extend and improve the Lee sigma filter by eliminating these deficiencies. The bias problem is solved by redefining the sigma range based on the speckle probability density functions. To mitigate the problems of blurring and depressing strong reflective scatterers, a target signature preservation technique is developed. In addition, we incorporate the minimum-mean-square-error estimator for adaptive speckle reduction. Simulated SAR data are used to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of this improved sigma filter and to validate its effectiveness. The proposed algorithm is applied to spaceborne and airborne SAR data to demonstrate its overall speckle filtering characteristics as compared with other algorithms. This improved sigma filter remains simple in concept and is computationally efficient but without the deficiencies of the original Lee sigma filter. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] NRL, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen; Wen, Jen-Hung; Chen, Abel J.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Lee, Jong-Sen; Chen, Kun-Shan] Natl Cent Univ, Commun Syst Res Ctr, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Chen, Kun-Shan] Natl Cent Univ, CSRSR, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), NRL, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; sixshow@gmail.com; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; dkschen@csrsr.neu.edu.tw; AJCHEN@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw NR 18 TC 143 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002881 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 392US UT WOS:000262328300002 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Delaney, L Cleveland, B Persad, C Tang, F AF Dutta, I. Delaney, L. Cleveland, B. Persad, C. Tang, F. TI Electric-Current-Induced Liquid Al Deposition, Reaction, and Flow on Cu Rails at Rail-Armature Contacts in Railguns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Contact; debris; electromigration (EM); interface; railgun ID ELECTROMIGRATION; DIFFUSION; INTERFACE; TRIBOLOGY; ALLOYS; METALS; FILMS AB When a railgun is fired, the aluminum armature typically undergoes melting at the rail-armature contacts and deposits liquid metal on the rails. Rail life is affected by these deposits. Localized aluminum armature melting has been attributed to current crowding and localized Joule heating. This paper reports on 1) the characterization of debris on fired rails and their role in rail damage and 2) experiments to elucidate the role of electric current in the transport of liquefied armature material along the rail surfaces. A miniature static railgun model was constructed by wrapping an Al foil around a quartz core and placing the Al foil in contact with two thin-film Cu stripes deposited on Si substrates. In this arrangement, the Cu thin films simulated the surface skins on the two rails, whereas the Al foil represented the skin of the armature. The circuit was subjected to a constant current under high vacuum and various ambient temperatures. The part of the Al foil in contact with Cu melts quickly due to Joule heating, and the liquefied Al starts flowing down the negative rail. In all instances, the direction of liquid flow was from the positive to the negative terminal. The kinetics of Al migration was measured, and it was found that the activation energy for Al migration is close to that for self-diffusion in liquid AI. The observed liquid transport is attributable to liquid electromigration under the influence of the applied current. C1 [Dutta, I.; Delaney, L.; Cleveland, B.; Tang, F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Persad, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu RI Persad, Chadee/G-5704-2010 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008562 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409AP UT WOS:000263478900013 ER PT J AU Fink, DA Torti, R Reinhardt, N Gaudreau, MPJ Mansfield, F AF Fink, David A. Torti, Richard Reinhardt, Nicholas Gaudreau, Marcel P. J. Mansfield, Frank TI High-Voltage IGBT Switching Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Electromagnetic launch (EML); high-voltage; IGBT; series-parallel IGBT array; solid state; switch; switching array AB Under a Navy SBIR, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) will design and demonstrate scalable solid state switches in support of future U.S. Navy needs related to power supplies and inverters. One switch approach being developed consists of a massive series-parallel array of high-voltage insulated gate bipolar transistors that are switched synchronously in order to achieve high peak currents. DTI is evolving its technology in high-voltage switching to include very high peak currents. As an objective of the SBIR effort, DTI will utilize these high-power switches to build a power converter. From a practical viewpoint, high-voltage switches that can operate reliably at large currents have potential applications in missile launchers, high-power actuators, and radar power supplies. The massive series-parallel switch array approach has the potential to provide a compact, reliable, and effective switching solution to converting sufficient electrical energy to kinetic energy that could meet a variety of Navy applications. In this paper, DTI reviews current switch requirements and recent SBIR progress toward the goal of demonstrating massive series-parallel high-voltage switching that meets the Navy SBIR requirements. C1 [Fink, David A.; Torti, Richard; Reinhardt, Nicholas; Gaudreau, Marcel P. J.] Diversified Technol Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Mansfield, Frank] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Fink, DA (reprint author), Diversified Technol Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM fink@divtecs.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008604 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409AP UT WOS:000263478900015 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Persad, C Ghosh, G Chung, YW Wang, Q AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Persad, Chadee Ghosh, Gautam Chung, Yip-Wah Wang, Qian TI Mechanism of Porosity Formation in Transfer Films in Electromagnetic Launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Air entrainment; liquid metal; lubrication; monolithic armature; porosity; transfer film ID RAILGUN TRIBOLOGY; MOLTEN BISMUTH; SURFACE; SPEED AB Melting occurs at the armature-rail interface during electromagnetic launch due to resistive heating. The liquid metal film at the interface is thought to decrease the friction and contact electrical resistance. The liquid metal is quenched at the rail surface, leaving a solid transfer film with surface properties that may affect the efficiency of subsequent launches. Notably, the transfer film contains pores which increase the overall rail electrical resistance. The reduction of atmospheric water vapor by liquid aluminum to produce hydrogen is thought to be the main source of porosity. To further examine the pore formation mechanism, we performed launch experiments using steel armatures and copper rails lubricated with two silver-bismuth alloys. Spherical pores similar to those observed in aluminum films are also present in silver-bismuth transfer films. Neither liquid silver nor bismuth is capable of reducing water vapor to hydrogen. This strongly suggests that the porosity is not due to hydrogen in these films. Air entrainment occurs in forced wetting when the three-phase contact line velocity exceeds a critical value. The critical wetting velocity is a function of surface tension and viscosity and is estimated to be 4-40 m/s for liquid bismuth at 600 K and a comparable value for liquid aluminum. Armature velocities exceed these values nearly instantaneously during launch. These results indicate that air entrainment is likely the source of porosity in transfer films. C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Persad, Chadee] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Ghosh, Gautam; Chung, Yip-Wah] Northwestern Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wang, Qian] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hsieh, PY (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM peter.hsieh@navy.mil RI Ghosh, Gautam/B-7517-2009; Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009; Wang, Qian/B-7611-2009; Persad, Chadee/G-5704-2010; Hsieh, Peter/F-5433-2012 OI Hsieh, Peter/0000-0001-9010-4863 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008547 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409AP UT WOS:000263478900023 ER PT J AU Myers, SH Smith, AN AF Myers, Seth H. Smith, Andrew N. TI Demonstration of Combined Spray and Evaporative Cooling of an Electromagnetic Railgun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Electromagnetic (EM) railgun; spray cooling; thermal management AB Spray cooling with high-speed airflow down the bore of an electromagnetic (EM) railgun has the potential for effective cooling, while the airflow limits the amount of water present in the bore at the end of the cooling period. An experimental study was conducted to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient under the proposed conditions at a representative scale. A transient experiment was conducted using a copper bar with a cross section of 135 mm x 60 mm. The. temperature response of thermocouples embedded in the copper bar was used to determine the heat transfer coefficient. Results are presented showing the influence of nozzle pressure and air velocity on the heat transfer coefficient. The electrical resistance was also measured across the bore in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the air velocity in removing the water spray. Finally, a numerical study was conducted to show that the heat transfer coefficients obtained could effectively cool a large-scale EM railgun. C1 [Smith, Andrew N.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Myers, Seth H.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008413 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409AP UT WOS:000263478900039 ER PT J AU Nechitailo, NV AF Nechitailo, Nicholas V. TI Advanced High-Speed Ceramic Projectiles Against Hard Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Ceramic projectile; concrete; high-speed penetration; metal; target AB This paper describes theoretical and experimental work aimed at the development of a new class of high-speed projectiles with superior penetration performance. Our earlier publications were focused on the finite element analysis of projectile-target interaction over a wide range of impact speeds. The projectiles were made of tungsten or alumina, and the target plates were made of aluminum, steel, or tungsten. Subsequently, finite element modeling was performed for ceramic rods encased in metal shells and launched against reinforced concrete. This paper expands the range of ceramic and ceramic-based composite materials for use in high-speed projectiles. Materials were compared based on their mass density, Hugoniot elastic limit, fracture toughness, deformability, and ability to withstand intense aerodynamic heat during high-speed flight and penetration. Finite element analysis was performed for ceramic and tungsten projectiles impacting metal plates at speeds ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 km/s. Several transient phenomena such as ceramic projectile self-sharpening, multiple impacts, spall, and buckling were observed. The computation results were used for the design and manufacture of high-speed projectiles with superhard tips made of commercially available diamond composites. Experiments involved several projectile configurations. The penetration depth of reference steel projectiles into concrete decreased with increased impact speed, while the penetration depth of the projectiles with diamond tips increased. Clusters of ceramic and metal-ceramic projectiles and fragments can find use against larger and softer targets and in the generation of debris. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Nechitailo, NV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM nicholas.nechitailo@navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008976 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409AP UT WOS:000263478900084 ER PT J AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, Irina Withers, William Douglas TI Curve Parameterization by Moments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Circle detection; ellipse detection; conic location; conic detection; conic parameterization; moments ID HOUGH TRANSFORM; DOMAINS; IMAGES; EDGES AB We present a method for deriving a parametric description of a conic section (quadratic curve) in an image from the moments of the image with respect to several specially constructed kernel functions. In contrast to Hough-transform-type methods, the moment approach requires no large accumulator array. Judicious implementation allows the parameters to be determined using five multiplication operations and six addition operations per pixel. The use of moments renders the calculation robust in the presence of high-frequency noise or texture and resistant to small-scale irregularities in the edge. Our method is generalizable to more complex classes of curves with more parameters and to surfaces in higher dimensions. C1 [Popovici, Irina; Withers, William Douglas] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM popovici@usna.edu; wdw@usna.edu FU US Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by a grant from the US Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.54 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 372GI UT WOS:000260889700003 PM 19029543 ER PT B AU Klein, E Swan, JE Schmidt, GS Livingston, MA Staadt, OG AF Klein, Eric Swan, J. Edward, II Schmidt, Gregory S. Livingston, Mark A. Staadt, Oliver G. BE Steed, A Reiners, D Lindeman, RW TI Measurement Protocols for Medium-Field Distance Perception in Large-Screen Immersive Displays SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2009, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2009 Conference CY MAR 14-18, 2009 CL Lafayette, LA SP Adv Realtime Tracking, 3D SQUARED, SENSICS, 3dvia, CYVIZ, MERCURY, Comp Syst Visualizat Sci, Louisiana Immers Technol Enterprise, PhaseSpace, WORLD VIZ, Univ Louisiana, LAFAYETTE, Heart French Louisiana, CHRISTIE DE Distance Perception; Egocentric Depth Perception; Virtual Environments; Large-Screen Immersive Displays ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AB How do users of virtual environments perceive virtual space? Many experiments have explored this question, but most of these have used head-mounted immersive displays. This paper reports an experiment that studied large-screen immersive displays at medium-field distances of 2 to 15 meters. The experiment measured egocentric depth judgments in a CAVE, a tiled display wall, and a real-world outdoor field as a control condition. We carefully modeled the outdoor field to make the three environments as similar as possible. Measuring egocentric depth judgments in large-screen immersive displays requires adapting new measurement protocols; the experiment used timed imagined walking, verbal estimation, and triangulated blind walking. We found that depth judgments from timed imagined walking and verbal estimation were very similar in all three environments. However, triangulated blind walking was accurate only in the outdoor field; in the large-screen immersive displays it showed underestimation effects that were likely caused by insufficient physical space to perform the technique. These results suggest using timed imagined walking as a primary protocol for assessing depth perception in large-screen immersive displays. We also found that depth judgments in the CAVE were more accurate than in the tiled display wall, which suggests that the peripheral scenery offered by the CAVE is helpful when perceiving virtual space. C1 [Klein, Eric; Staadt, Oliver G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Swan, J. Edward, II] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Schmidt, Gregory S.] SPADAC, Mclean, VA USA. [Livingston, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Staadt, Oliver G.] Univ Rostock, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RP Klein, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eklein@nvidia.com; swan@acm.org; gsschmidt1@yahoo.com; markl@itd.nrl.navy.mil; staadt@acm.org OI Staadt, Oliver/0000-0002-3074-943X FU RuthWillis of the Advanced Information Technology branch of the Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors wish to thank Jack Loomis and Bill Thompson for very helpful discussions, and they wish to acknowledge RuthWillis of the Advanced Information Technology branch of the Naval Research Laboratory for funding this work. The authors also acknowledge Oliver Kreylos for his help with setting up the experiment in the CAVE, Eric Cowgill for lending us the Total Station, the members of KeckCAVES at UC Davis, and theW.M. Keck Foundation. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-3943-0 PY 2009 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1109/VR.2009.4811007 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH02 UT WOS:000265769200016 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC AF Isaacs, Jason C. GP IEEE TI Stochastic Orthogonal and Nonorthogonal Subspace Basis Pursuit SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CROSS-ENTROPY METHOD; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; IMAGES AB Component analysis, or basis methods, provide a lower-dimensional representation of a given data set for compression, compaction, or discrimination. Stochastic basis pursuit addresses the problem of finding an optimal basis, either orthogonal or nonorthogonal, for improved pattern discrimination for pattern recognition applications. In this paper, the results of experiments performed with two stochastic optimization techniques as applied to the optimal basis problem are reported. The cost function is a quadratic discriminant function. Testing is done using three publicly available databases and ten-fold cross-validation. Empirical results demonstrate a twelve to fifteen percent average performance improvement over previous results. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 2496 EP 2501 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591601105 ER PT S AU Lawson, W Duric, Z AF Lawson, Wallace Duric, Zoran BE Kamel, M Campilho, A TI Analyzing Human Gait Using Patterns of Translation and Rotation SO IMAGE ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition CY JUL 06-08, 2009 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Assoc Image Mach Intelligence, Univ Waterloo, Pattern Anal & Mach Intelligence Grp, Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, INEB DE Normal Flow; Independent Components Analysis; Gait Analysis ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; WALKING PATTERNS; ALGORITHMS; MEN AB We analyze gait with the goal of identifying personal characteristics of individuals, such as gender. We use a novel representation to estimate the amount of translation and rotation in small patches throughout the image. Limb motion in a plane can be described using patterns of translation and rotation. We evaluate the usefulness of both rotation and translation to determine gender. Further, we wish to determine whether discrete portions of the gait cycle are best applied for gender recognition. We use independent components analysis to build a dictionary at each phase of the gait cycle. We train a support vector machine to classify male from female rising coefficients of independent components. Our experimental results suggest that determinants of gait play an important role in identifying gender. Further rotation and translation contains different information that is useful at different parts of the gait cycle. C1 [Lawson, Wallace] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lawson, Wallace; Duric, Zoran] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lawson, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ed.lawson@nrl.navy.mil; zduric@cs.gmu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02610-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5627 BP 408 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKP58 UT WOS:000268883400041 ER PT B AU Volino, RJ Kartuzova, O Ibrahim, MB AF Volino, Ralph J. Kartuzova, Olga Ibrahim, Mounir B. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SEPARATION AND TRANSITION ON A HIGHLY LOADED LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOIL: PART 2-HIGH FREESTREAM TURBULENCE INTENSITY SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID FLOW TRANSITION; MODEL; BLADE AB Boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment have been studied on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000. At the lowest Reynolds number the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, in spite of transition in the separated shear layer. At higher Reynolds numbers the boundary layer did reattach, and the separation bubble became smaller as Re increased. High freestream turbulence increased the thickness of the separated shear layer, resulting in a thinner separation bubble. This effect resulted in reattachment at intermediate Reynolds numbers, which was not observed at the same Re under low freestream turbulence conditions. Numerical simulations were performed using an unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) code with both a shear stress transport k-omega model and a 4 equation shear stress transport Transition model. Both models correctly predicted separation and reattachment (if it occurred) at all Reynolds numbers. The Transition model generally provided better quantitative results, correctly predicting velocities, pressure, and separation and transition locations. The model also correctly predicted the difference between high and low freestream turbulence cases. C1 [Volino, Ralph J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu; m.ibrahim@csuohio.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 1213 EP 1225 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085300143 ER PT B AU Rohatgi, A Qidwai, MAS Thomas, JP Pogue, WR AF Rohatgi, Aashish Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq Thomas, James P. Pogue, William R., III GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE-BATTERY COMPOSITES FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS SO IMECE 2008: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS, STRUCTURES AND FLUIDS, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Multifunctional; composite laminates; structure-battery; lithium-ion battery; marine systems AB The aim of our work is to design, fabricate and characterize multifunctional structure-power composites for marine applications such as in unmanned underwater vehicles. Three types of structure-power (or structure-battery (SB)) specimens were fabricated using fiber-rein forced polymers and closed-cell foam as the structural components, and commercial-off the-shelf lithium-polymer cells as the power-plus-structure component. This paper details the mechanical and electrical characterization of the S-B composites while a companion paper deals with the design and fabrication issues. The three multifunctional designs are: integrated SB laminate with lithium-polymer pouch cells embedded on one side, SB sandwich with cells embedded within a closed-cell polymeric foam along the neutral axis, and a SB modular stiffener that can be attached and removed from a host-structure. Unifunctional composites (i.e. without embedded cells) were also fabricated for comparison with the multifunctional composites. The embedded cells show identical charge-discharge electrical performance as their un-embedded counterparts, thus, indicating that the composite fabrication procedures did not adversely affect their electrical performance. Ragone curves (energy density vs. power density) of the S-B composites show that the targeted energy density of 50 Wh/L was achieved in the SB modular stiffener design. The bending stiffnesses of the integrated SB and SB modular stiffener designs were similar to 7x greater than the unifunctional design while the multifunctional sandwich specimens were similar to 17% stiffer than their unifunctional counterparts. Tests are currently being conducted to determine the affect of mechanical flexure (constant displacement) on embedded cell discharge and charge characteristics, and conversely, cell discharge and charge on the load and deflection during flexure. C1 [Rohatgi, Aashish; Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq] USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rohatgi, A (reprint author), USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave S W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4873-9 PY 2009 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJE10 UT WOS:000265081000055 ER PT B AU Qidwai, MAS Thomas, JP Pogue, WR Rohatgi, A AF Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq Thomas, James P. Pogue, William R., III Rohatgi, Aashish GP ASME TI DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE-POWER COMPOSITES FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS SO IMECE 2008: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS, STRUCTURES AND FLUIDS, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID LITHIUM ENERGY CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB Various subsystems in marine applications, especially unmanned underwater vehicles, compete for space. Multifunctional structure-battery (SB) composites combine structure and power functions through the use of high-performance fiber reinforced polymer layers and lithium ion cell batteries, to create volumetric opportunities for increase in overall power generation capacity and/or payload. This paper focuses on the design and fabrication aspects of the SB composites. The design objectives are to achieve or exceed structural performance of traditional marine composites while attaining a volumetric energy density of 50 Wh/L with similar buoyancy levels and dimensional sizes. The design process reveals that all four objectives can be achieved only if the components related to energy storage have the same mechanical and physical properties as the material being replaced. With commercially available batteries, at least three out of four objectives are met for the proposed SB designs. Selection of materials and fabrication methods are heavily influenced by the temperature limit of the battery cells, cell surface preparation for adhesion and load transfer, and power bussing layout. A companion paper addresses multifunctional performance characterization of these composites. C1 [Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq; Rohatgi, Aashish] USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qidwai, MAS (reprint author), USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Code 6350 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM muhammad.a.qidwai@nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4873-9 PY 2009 BP 385 EP 393 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJE10 UT WOS:000265081000056 ER PT B AU Cook, ML AF Cook, Martin L. BE Morgan, MJ TI The Day the World Changed? Reflections on 9/11 and US National Security Strategy SO IMPACT OF 9/11 ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY: THE DAY THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cook, Martin L.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10160-9 PY 2009 BP 233 EP 243 D2 10.1057/9780230101609 PG 11 WC Philosophy; Religion SC Philosophy; Religion GA BSI15 UT WOS:000284527100019 ER PT J AU Bellenoit, H AF Bellenoit, Hayden TI Subject Lessons: The Western Education of Colonial India SO INDIAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bellenoit, Hayden] USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bellenoit, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INDIA PVT LTD PI NEW DELHI PA POST BOX 4125 M-32 MARKET, GREATER KAILASH-I, NEW DELHI 110 048, INDIA SN 0019-4646 J9 INDIAN ECON SOC HIST JI Indian Econ. Soc. Hist. Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 451LK UT WOS:000266471500009 ER PT S AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, Terry GP IEEE TI "THE SECOND ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION" (IT'S ALL ABOUT CONTROL) SO INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 56TH ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE SE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 14-16, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE electric ship design; complex systems; control; ship electric power systems standards; power electronics; integrated power system; power electronic building blocks; PEBB; medium voltage DC distribution; modeling and simulation AB Systems for ships, offshore platforms, chemical plants, foundries, and utilities are rapidly changing as result of the second electronic revolution. The first revolution was with Integrated Circuits (ICs) which gave us the microprocessor, PC, cell phones, and MP3 players. The second electronic revolution started with power electronics, which give us motor controllers, switching power supplies, hybrid cars, and electric ships. Just as the first electronic revolution changed our concepts of information, the second electronic revolution is redefining control. This paper discusses these changes and the opportunities enabled by new technologies and levels of control. Most notably, the paper provides a logical argument for future controller abilities to control any system to near perfection accurately, precisely, reliably, and safely. This paper also proposes to use building block concepts with modeling and simulation to create new tools and methods for designing and building power systems. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM terry.ericsen@navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 978-1-4244-3798-6 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2009 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA BOR33 UT WOS:000277386400037 ER PT J AU Cybulski, RJ Sanz, P Alem, F Stibitz, S Bull, RL O'Brien, AD AF Cybulski, Robert J., Jr. Sanz, Patrick Alem, Farhang Stibitz, Scott Bull, Robert L. O'Brien, Alison D. TI Four Superoxide Dismutases Contribute to Bacillus anthracis Virulence and Provide Spores with Redundant Protection from Oxidative Stress SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MURINE MACROPHAGES; MOUSE MODEL; IN-VIVO; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GERMINATION; SUBTILIS; COAT; EXOSPORIUM; PROTEINS AB The Bacillus anthracis genome encodes four superoxide dismutases (SODs), enzymes capable of detoxifying oxygen radicals. That two of these SODs, SOD15 and SODA1, are present in the outermost layers of the B. anthracis spore is indicated by previous proteomic analyses of the exosporium. Given the requirement that spores must survive interactions with reactive oxygen species generated by cells such as macrophages during infection, we hypothesized that SOD15 and SODA1 protect the spore from oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenicity of B. anthracis. To test these theories, we constructed a double-knockout (Delta sod15 Delta sodA1) mutant of B. anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 and assessed its lethality in an A/J mouse intranasal infection model. The 50% lethal dose of the Delta sod15 Delta sodA1 strain was similar to that of the wild type (34F2), but surprisingly, measurable whole-spore SOD activity was greater than that in 34F2. A quadruple-knockout strain (Delta sod15 Delta sodA1 Delta sodC Delta sodA2) was then generated, and as anticipated, spore-associated SOD activity was diminished. Moreover, the quadruple-knockout strain, compared to the wild type, was attenuated more than 40-fold upon intranasal challenge of mice. Spore resistance to exogenously generated oxidative stress and to macrophage-mediated killing correlated with virulence in A/J mice. Allelic exchange that restored sod15 and sodA1 to their wild-type state restored wild-type characteristics. We conclude that SOD molecules within the spore afford B. anthracis protection against oxidative stress and enhance the pathogenicity of B. anthracis in the lung. We also surmise that the presence of four SOD alleles within the genome provides functional redundancy for this key enzyme. C1 [Cybulski, Robert J., Jr.; Sanz, Patrick; Alem, Farhang; O'Brien, Alison D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Stibitz, Scott] US FDA, CBER, Div Bacterial Parasit & Allergen Prod, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bull, Robert L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP O'Brien, AD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aobrien@usuhs.mil OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU NIH/NIAID Middle Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence [U54 AI057168]; U. S. Navy through Uniformed Services University [G173HS] FX This work was supported by NIH/NIAID Middle Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence grant U54 AI057168 and research funds from the U. S. Navy through Uniformed Services University grant G173HS. We also give special thanks to the U. S. Army Long-Term Health Education and Training Program for support of R. Cybulski. NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 1 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.1128/IAI.00515-08 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 399BT UT WOS:000262776100026 PM 18955476 ER PT S AU Lyles, MB Fredrickson, HL Bednar, AJ Fannin, HB Griffin, D Sobecki, TM AF Lyles, M. B. Fredrickson, H. L. Bednar, A. J. Fannin, H. B. Griffin, D. Sobecki, T. M. BE Kenny, L TI Medical Geology: Dust Exposure and Potential Health Risks in the Middle East SO INHALED PARTICLES X SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Symposium on Inhaled Particles CY SEP 23-25, 2008 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND C1 [Lyles, M. B.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. EM mark.lyles@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 151 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System; Toxicology GA BNH91 UT WOS:000274607800019 ER PT S AU Meyer, RE Sahlin, K Ventresca, MJ Walgenbach, P AF Meyer, Renate E. Sahlin, Kerstin Ventresca, Marc J. Walgenbach, Peter BE Meyer, RE Sahlin, K Ventresca, MJ Walgenbach, P TI IDEOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONS: INTRODUCTION SO INSTITUTIONS AND IDEOLOGY SE Research in the Sociology of Organizations LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS; IDEAS; POWER; RATIONALITY; MANAGEMENT; POLITICS; FIELDS; STATE; LABOR C1 [Meyer, Renate E.] WU Vienna Univ Econ & Business, Vienna, Austria. [Sahlin, Kerstin] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Ventresca, Marc J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Walgenbach, Peter] Univ Jena, D-6900 Jena, Germany. RP Meyer, RE (reprint author), WU Vienna Univ Econ & Business, Vienna, Austria. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0733-558X BN 978-1-84855-866-3 J9 RES SOCIOL ORGAN-RES PY 2009 VL 27 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1108/S0733-558X(2009)0000027002 PG 15 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BLS09 UT WOS:000270915100001 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. BE Gill, P Marrin, S Phythian, M TI Theory of surprise SO INTELLIGENCE THEORY: KEY QUESTIONS AND DEBATES SE Studies in Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-89299-2 J9 STUD INTELL PY 2009 BP 73 EP 86 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNS73 UT WOS:000275432000006 ER PT S AU Collins, JB AF Collins, Joseph B. BE Carette, J Dixon, L Coen, CS Watt, SM TI OpenMath Content Dictionaries for SI Quantities and Units SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTER MATHEMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Researching/8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management CY JUL 06-12, 2009 CL Granda Bend, CANADA SP FIELDS, McMaster Univ, Univ Waterloo, Res Western, Western Sci, Wilfrid Laurier Univ, MapleSoft, ACM SIGSAM, ORCCA AB We document the creation of a new set of OpenMath content dictionaries to support the expression of quantities and units under the International System of Units (SI). While preserving many of the concepts embodied in the original content dictionaries, these new content dictionaries provide a foundation for quantities and units that is compliant with international standards. We respond to questions raised in prior efforts to create content dictionaries for units and dimensions by proposing and applying some rationalized criteria for the creation of content dictionaries in general. The results have been released and submitted to the OpenMath website as contributed content dictionaries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 455 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02613-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5625 BP 247 EP 262 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BLK09 UT WOS:000270346900021 ER PT B AU Snider, KF Walkner, MF AF Snider, Keith F. Walkner, Mark F. BE Thai, KV TI Enhancing Use of Past Performance as a Source Selection Criterion SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Snider, Keith F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Publ Adm & Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Walkner, Mark F.] Def Contract Management Agcy Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. [Walkner, Mark F.] Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, Twenrynine Palms, CA USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Publ Adm & Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-5457-6 J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2009 VL 146 BP 613 EP 630 PG 18 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BJO25 UT WOS:000266890200031 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Michopoulos, JG AF Lambrakos, S. G. Michopoulos, J. G. TI Multiscale Implications of the Inverse Rapid Energy Deposition Problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article CT 5th Workshop on Simulation of Multiphysics Multiscale Systems CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Cracow, POLAND DE multiscale; inverse problems; heat deposition; nonequilibrium; filtering; Fourier transform AB The inverse energy deposition problem represents a particular subclass of the more general inverse heat conduction problem, where certain features that are associated with upstream-to-downstream spatial weighting of the temperature field diffusion pattern dominate. The present paper focuses on the case of rapid energy deposition processes, where it is shown that the influence of windage can be correlated with the extremely strong filtering of spatial and temporal structure within the associated diffusion pattern. This strong filtering tends to establish conditions where system identification, or in particular, reconstruction of detailed features of the energy source, based on data-driven inverse analysis is not well posed. Similarly, the strong filtering conditions associated with very rapid energy deposition imply consequences with respect to qualitative analysis using numerical simulations based oil basic principles or the direct problem approach. That is to say, any experiment or basic theoretical information that is available concerning the coupling of energy into a spatial region of interest from a surface or interface, that is, the site of deposition, will be difficult to correlate with experimental observations of the associated energy diffusion pattern. Finally, it has been established that the primary implication of the analysis and simulations is that rapid energy deposition processes should be characterized by two distinctly separate scales for both spatial and temporal structures. The results of the analysis presented here indicate that the inverse rapid energy deposition problem requires a formulation with respect to system identification and parameterization that should be cast in terms of two separate sets of parameters. One should represent energy source characteristics on spatial and temporal scales commensurate with that of thermal diffusivity within the material. The other parameter set should represent energy source characteristics on spatial and temporal scales commensurate with those of surface phenomena. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Michopoulos, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil; john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 450TX UT WOS:000266424900006 ER PT J AU Jordan, S AF Jordan, Stephen TI Attenuating the large-scale turbulent oscillations sustained by shallow cavities with a perforated lid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE lid cavity flows; large eddy simulation; turbulence; compact differencing; oscillation modes ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; SHEAR-LAYER; SLOTTED PLATE; FLOW; INSTABILITY; RESONANCE; WAKE AB Marine engineers face a challenging problem when designing recessed cavities that require perforated covers. Under certain geometric and kinematic conditions, the separated shear layers directly above the perforations support the spatial maturity of periodic large-scale structures. Intermittent spoilers attenuate the structure's maturity by interrupting communication between the shear layer and the adjacent inner cavity, but this success fails during transient flow conditions. In the far-field, the corresponding noise pulse is easily detectable. Evolutionary growth of the streamwise structures originates from small Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) waves within the shear layers just after separation and are sustained by a pressure feedback mechanism that occurs within the cavity itself. Herein, the resolved physics from large-eddy simulations along with the previous experimental evidence show analogous fundamental characteristics between the open and perforated covered cavities regardless of whether upstream separation is laminar or turbulent. These quantitative analogies are equally similar for lids perforated by staggered circular holes or slots that are tightly spaced in the streamwise direction. An alternative measure permits formation of the K-H waves, then successfully mitigates their streamwise growth by elongating the distance between perforations. This latter corrective measure reverses the mean resultant lid force to the preferred outboard direction. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, S (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 74,Bldg 1346-4, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001408AF0002]; In-House Independent Research Program FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer) Contract No. N0001408AF0002 and the In-House Independent Research Program (Mr. Richard Phillips, Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 519 EP 531 AR PII 914867032 DI 10.1080/10618560903120307 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 494EQ UT WOS:000269793400002 ER PT J AU Madan, RN Rao, NSV AF Madan, Rabinder N. Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI A Perspective on Information Fusion Problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Information fusion; Empirical estimation; Distributed detection; Isolation fuser; Projective fuser AB Information fusion problems have a rich history spanning four centuries and several disciplines as diverse as political economy, reliability engineering, target tracking, bioinformatics, forecasting, distributed detection, robotics, cyber security, nuclear engineering, distributed sensor networks, and others. Over the past decade, the area of information fusion has been established as a discipline by itself with several contributions to its foundations as well as applications. In a basic formulation of the information fusion problem, each component is characterized by a probability distribution. The goal is to estimate a fusion rule for combining the outputs of components to achieve a specified objective such as better performance or functionality compared to the components. If the sensor error distributions are known, several fusion rule estimation problems have been formulated and solved using deterministic methods. In the area of pattern recognition a weighted majority fuser was shown to be optimal in combining outputs from pattern recognizers under statistical independence conditions. A simpler version of this problem corresponds to the Condorcet Jury theorem proposed in 1786. This result was rediscovered since then in other disciplines including by von Neumann in 1959 in building reliable computing devices. The distributed detection problem, studied extensively in the target tracking area, can be viewed as a generalization of the above two problems. In these works, the underlying distributions are assumed to be known, which is quite reasonable in the areas these methods are applied. In a different formulation, we consider estimating the fuser based on empirical data when no information is available about the underlying distributions of components. Using the empirical estimation methods, this problem is shown to be solvable in principle, and the fuser performance may be sharpened based on the specific formulation. The isolation fusers perform at least as good as best component, and the projective fusers perform as good as best combination of components. In a special case of function estimation, each component could be a potential function estimator, radial basis function, nearest neighbor estimator, regressogram, kernel estimator, regression tree or another estimator. A projective fuser based on a nearest neighbor concept has been proposed based on Voronoi regions in this case. Under fairly general smoothness and non-smoothness conditions on the individual estimators, the expected fuser error is close to optimal with a specified probability. This result is purely sample-based and distribution-free in that it does not require the knowledge of underlying distributions and can be computed only using measurements. C1 [Madan, Rabinder N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Madan, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolf St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM madanr@onr.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 AR PII 908294822 DI 10.1080/15501320802498430 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 431ZR UT WOS:000265103800004 ER PT J AU Jenn, D Loke, Y Matthew, TCH Choon, YE Siang, OC Yam, YS AF Jenn, David Loke, Yong Matthew, Tong Chin Hong Choon, Yeo Eng Siang, Ong Chin Yam, Yeo Siew TI Distributed Phased Arrays and Wireless Beamforming Networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Distributed Phased Array; Wireless Beamforming; Radar Systems; Communication Systems AB Distributed phased arrays have advantages over conventional arrays in many radar and communication applications. Additional advantages are realized by replacing the microwave beamforming circuit by a wireless network, thus forming a wirelessly networked distributed sensor array. This article examines various aspects of a distributed phased array that incorporates wireless beamforming. First, the fundamental array theory and digital signal processing are reviewed. Basic equations are presented and compared to simulations for a ship-based radar application. Next the basic array architecture is described and the critical techniques and components that are required to realize the design are discussed. Methods are introduced for time and phase synchronization, transmit-receive isolation, sensor location issues, and bandwidth and frequency dispersion. C1 [Jenn, David] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jenn@nps.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 283 EP 302 AR PII 913221393 DI 10.1080/15501320701863635 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 558OF UT WOS:000274753000001 ER PT J AU Rowe, EG Wettergren, TA AF Rowe, Errol G. Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Coverage and Reliability of Randomly Distributed Sensor Systems with Heterogeneous Detection Range SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Coverage; Heterogeneous; Reliability; Sensor Networks ID NETWORKS; TARGETS AB In this article, we examine the coverage and reliability of distributed sensor networks that are designed for surveillance applications. In particular, we examine a model of sensor network coverage based on Poisson processes, and illustrate how this model combines with standard reliability models to provide estimates of field degradation over time. The results of the article illustrate how the number of sensors required changes with respect to reliability criteria, and how to design and re-seed sensor fields to maintain a minimal level of surveillance coverage. The formulation in the article is presented analytically, and all results are compared to numerical simulations. C1 [Rowe, Errol G.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rowe, EG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM roweeg@member.ams.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU Office of Naval Research [321MS]; Naval Undersea Warfare Center FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 321MS and by the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1550-1477 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 303 EP 320 AR PII 913227072 DI 10.1080/15501320802299853 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 558OF UT WOS:000274753000002 ER PT J AU Nelson, JK Rowe, EG Carter, GC AF Nelson, Jill K. Rowe, Errol G. Carter, G. Clifford TI Detection Capabilities of Randomly-Deployed Sensor Fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Distributed Sensor Networks; Heterogeneous Sensor Field; Spatial Poisson Process; Detection Versus Coverage ID NETWORKS; TARGETS AB Distributed sensor fields have recently gained popularity as a means for detecting intruders moving through a protected area of the ocean. We characterize the detection capabilities of a network of randomly-deployed sensors with varying sensing capabilities. We develop a framework for analytically approximating the probability that such a sensor field detects a constant course target moving through the region as a function of the number of sensors deployed and the statistical properties that govern the sensing range. Analytical and empirical results indicate that, when the total sensing area is fixed, a set of smaller distributed sensors can achieve significantly improved detection performance relative to a single large sensor. We also study the relationship between coverage of a region of interest and likelihood of detecting a constant course intruder moving through that region. We derive expressions for the average number of sensors required to achieve a prescribed likelihood of detection and level of coverage and conclude that detection and coverage are fundamentally different characterizations of the capabilities of a sensor field. In fact, the number of sensors required to achieve a particular detection level may be several orders of magnitude smaller than that required to achieve the same level of coverage. C1 [Nelson, Jill K.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rowe, Errol G.; Carter, G. Clifford] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Nelson, JK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jnelson@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 708 EP 728 DI 10.1080/15501320902768609 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 558OI UT WOS:000274753300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, HE Louca, LA Mouring, S Fallah, AS AF Johnson, H. E. Louca, L. A. Mouring, S. Fallah, A. S. TI Modelling impact damage in marine composite panels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Woven composites; Impact; Finite element; Damage mechanics; Delamination ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRAIN RATES; WOVEN GLASS; PART I; FAILURE; DELAMINATION; MECHANICS AB In order to establish the survivability of a composite structure under a dynamic load, it is important to be able to predict the damage incurred and the effect of the contact force. The damage caused by low velocity impact is often hidden and for thicker plates the transverse stresses are significant in promoting delamination. In this study, woven vinyl-ester composite plates up to 1.37 m long are numerically modelled with a simple, gradually damaging three-dimensional material model and the results are compared with full-scale tests. The model is based on damage mechanics principles using cyclic test data to obtain modulus reduction with damage. Delamination is modelled with a mixed-mode traction-separation law using cohesive elements. The nonlinear elastic orthotropic material model for the woven plies is written in a VUMAT in Abaqus/Explicit and the effects of varying some of the modelling parameters are briefly discussed through the examination of the contact force. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, H. E.; Louca, L. A.; Fallah, A. S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Mouring, S.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fallah, AS (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM arash.soleiman-fallah@imperial.ac.uk FU Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research Global and the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom FX The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Office of Naval Research, Office of Naval Research Global and the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom. The last author (ASF) would like to thank his fellow colleague Dr. J. Ankersen of the Department of Aeronautics at Imperial College London for his assistance in clarifying some issues regarding the CDM model of this work. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.01.013 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 391AJ UT WOS:000262204500003 ER PT J AU Murphy, KD Nichols, JM AF Murphy, K. D. Nichols, J. M. TI A low-dimensional model for delamination in a laterally loaded composite beam: Theory and experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Delamination; Composites; Non-linearity; Low-dimensional model ID DAMAGE AB Delamination is all important failure mechanism in certain types of composite structures. As layers of the composite become separated from one another, the composite loses some of its structural integrity and may not be capable of supporting the intended loads. Detecting this type of damage is currently a problem of interest to the structural health monitoring community. However, in order to design an appropriate detection strategy, knowledge of the underlying physics of delaminated structures is essential. Here, a low-dimensional model of a delamination in a laminated beam is developed. The model consists of only Five elements yet is capable of capturing much of the behavior observed in an accompanying experiment. Both experimental and theoretical results are presented for the static response of a thin, delaminated beam. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, K. D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06033 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, KD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06033 USA. EM kdm@engr.uconn.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WX-2-1107] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research Under contract no. N00014-08-WX-2-1107. The authors would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments that led to the inclusion of the Appendix. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2008.08.003 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 391OQ UT WOS:000262243000002 ER PT J AU Mujica-Parodi, LR Renelique, R Taylor, MK AF Mujica-Parodi, L. R. Renelique, R. Taylor, M. K. TI Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body fat; cortisol; emotional stress; cognition; body mass index; spatial processing ID MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; SENSATION-SEEKING; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FOOD-INTAKE; HIP RATIO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; OBESITY; WEIGHT; WOMEN AB Objective: Cortisol is elevated in individuals with both increased emotional stress and higher percentages of body fat. Cortisol is also known to affect cognitive performance, particularly spatial processing and working memory. We hypothesized that increased body fat might therefore be associated with decreased performance on a spatial processing task, in response to an acute real-world stressor. Design: We tested two separate samples of participants undergoing their first (tandem) skydive. In the first sample (N = 78), participants were tested for salivary cortisol and state anxiety (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale) during the plane's 15-min ascent to altitude in immediate anticipation of the jump. In a second sample (N = 20), participants were tested for salivary cortisol, as well as cardiac variables (heart rate, autonomic regulation through heart rate variability) and performance on a cognitive task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. Results: In response to the skydive, individuals with greater body fat percentages showed significantly increased reactivity for both cortisol (on both samples) and cognition, including decreased accuracy of our task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. These cognitive effects were restricted to the stress response and were not found under baseline conditions. There were no body fat interactions with cardiac changes in response to the stressor, suggesting that the cognitive effects were specifically hormone mediated rather than secondary to general activation of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, under real-world stress, increased body fat may be associated with endocrine stress vulnerability, with consequences for deleterious cognitive performance. C1 [Mujica-Parodi, L. R.; Renelique, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, L. R.; Renelique, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Taylor, M. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mujica-Parodi, LR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Hlth Sci Ctr T18, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lmujicaparodi@gmail.com OI Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne/0000-0002-3752-5519 FU Office of Naval Research [N0014-04-1-005]; US Army Soldier Systems Center Natick [DAAD16-99-C-1033]; National Institutes of Health [5-MO1-RR-10710] FX This research was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research N0014-04-1-005 (LRMP), the US Army Soldier Systems Center Natick DAAD16-99-C-1033 (LRMP) and the National Institutes of Health 5-MO1-RR-10710 ( Stony Brook University General Clinical Research Center). NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.218 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 393ML UT WOS:000262377300023 PM 19015661 ER PT J AU Zagar, TM Higgins, K Edward, M Vujaskovic, Z Dewhirst, M Clough, R Jones, E AF Zagar, T. M. Higgins, K. Edward, M. Vujaskovic, Z. Dewhirst, M. Clough, R. Jones, E. TI Long-term Palliation of Breast Cancer Chestwall Recurrence with Radiation Therapy, Hyperthermia, and Chemotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Zagar, T. M.; Higgins, K.; Vujaskovic, Z.; Dewhirst, M.; Clough, R.; Jones, E.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Edward, M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S505 EP S505 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573602028 ER PT J AU Tonn, DA Bansal, R AF Tonn, David A. Bansal, Rajeev TI Design of a Metamaterial-Based Linear Insulated Antenna Using a Genetic Algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE antenna design; metamaterials; linear insulated antenna; genetic algorithm ID OPTIMIZATION AB Recent interest in the application of metamaterials to antenna design has shown some promise in terms of improving the performance of disadvantaged antennas. In this article, we shall consider the design of a linear insulated antenna with a metamaterial coating operating in a lossy surrounding medium. Performance shall be examined for two different embodiments of this antenna using a genetic algorithm as the design tool, and shall address designs based on maximum antenna bandwidth, gain, and gain-bandwidth product. Practical implementation of such antennas shall also be discussed and some experimental data presented. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 19: 19-49, 2009. C1 [Tonn, David A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Bansal, Rajeev] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tonn, DA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM david.tonn@navy.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1096-4290 EI 1099-047X J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1002/mmce.20313 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 388HX UT WOS:000262012000005 ER PT J AU Su, WL Lim, TL AF Su, Weilian Lim, Tat L. TI Cross-layer design and optimisation for wireless sensor networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on New Materials for Extreme Environments CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL San Sebastian, SPAIN SP ExtreMat Project, INASMET Tecnal, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, European Comm DE sensor networks; channel model; cross-layer; Mica motes AB Cross-layer design and optimisation is a new technique which can be used to design and improve the performance in both wireless and wireline networks. The central idea of cross-layer design is to optimise the control and exchange of information over two or more layers to achieve significant performance improvements by exploiting the interactions between various protocol layers. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design and optimisation framework and the concept of using an Optimisation Agent (OA) to provide the exchange and control of information between the various protocol layers to improve the performance in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The approach is to investigate the effects of the wireless channel and the physical layer performance of a small-scale WSN to develop insights that can be used in the design and development of the OA in the proposed cross-layer framework. C1 [Su, Weilian; Lim, Tat L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 452 Sp 232, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; tlim@nps.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-1279 J9 INT J SENS NETW JI Int. J. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 628GZ UT WOS:000280104300002 ER PT J AU Hope, KR AF Hope, Kempe Ronald, Sr. TI Climate change and poverty in Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Africa; climate change; poverty; adaptation policies ID SAHEL; VULNERABILITY; MIGRATION; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; MALARIA; BURDEN AB Africa is most vulnerable to climate change, although it makes the least contribution to factors that result in global and regional climatic changes. High levels of vulnerability and low adaptive capacity across the continent have been linked to, among other things, poverty. This paper discusses and analyses the relationship between climate change and poverty in Africa. It investigates the relationship between climate change and poverty patterns in Africa, analyses the resultant impact, and discusses potential adaptation policies for moderating the consequences of climatic changes on poverty in the region. The record shows that climate change is happening. What is not discussed or is little researched is the potential devastating impact of climate change on socio-economic development in Africa and the policy measures available to the continent for adaptation. C1 USN, New York, NY USA. RP Hope, KR (reprint author), USN, New York, NY USA. EM hopekr@linuxmail.org NR 61 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1350-4509 EI 1745-2627 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 451 EP 461 AR PII 917313319 DI 10.1080/13504500903354424 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528XT UT WOS:000272481000009 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI The general framework SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEGAL POSITION; OCCUPATION; TIBET C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 30 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 30 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100002 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION PREFACE SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP XI EP XIII D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 3 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100001 ER PT J AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI The legal nature and basic principles of belligerent occupation SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAR; LAW C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 113 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 31 EP 66 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 36 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100003 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Human rights and belligerent occupation SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 67 EP 88 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 22 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100004 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI The maintenance of law and order in occupied territories SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIGHTS C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 89 EP 107 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100005 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Legislation by the Occupying Power SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OCCUPIED TERRITORIES C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 108 EP 131 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 24 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100006 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI The judicial system in occupied territories SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 132 EP 145 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 14 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100007 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Protection of the civilian population under belligerent occupation SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPREME-COURT; PALESTINIANS C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 146 EP 179 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 34 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100008 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Special protection in occupied territories SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 180 EP 194 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 15 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100009 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Destruction and pillage of property in occupied territories SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 195 EP 209 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 15 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100010 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Seizure and use of property in occupied territories SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION; OIL RESOURCES; LAW C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 210 EP 237 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 28 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100011 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI Other major issues relating to belligerent occupation SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAW C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 238 EP 269 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 32 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100012 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI The termination of belligerent occupation SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 270 EP 285 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 16 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100013 ER PT B AU Dinstein, Y AF Dinstein, Yoram BA Dinstein, Y BF Dinstein, Y TI THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION CONCLUSION SO INTERNATIONAL LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dinstein, Yoram] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Dinstein, Yoram] Max Planck Inst Int Law, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dinstein, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dinstein, Y (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89637-5 PY 2009 BP 286 EP 287 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818257 PG 2 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BBK75 UT WOS:000307223100014 ER PT J AU Spanos, G Kral, MV AF Spanos, G. Kral, M. V. TI The proeutectoid cementite transformation in steels SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Cementite; Proeutectoid; Three dimensional microstructure; Phase transformations; Steels ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY ALLOTRIOMORPHS; CONTROLLED PRECIPITATE GROWTH; LEDGED INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; FCC-BCC BOUNDARIES; O-LATTICE ANALYSES; WIDMANSTATTEN CEMENTITE; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIP; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; SYMPATHETIC NUCLEATION AB A comprehensive, critical, and up to date review is presented for the proeutectoid cementite transformation in steels. It is believed that many of the new findings, features, and concepts presented here for this classic phase transformation in steels serve as a model which may be more broadly applicable to test against many other phase transformations systems as well. There were a number of early investigations of cementite morphology, and this review considers those early results in light of many newer studies that provide critical new insight into cementite morphologies in both two and three dimensions. A number of different orientation relationships (ORs) between proeutectoid cementite and the austenite matrix from which it forms have been reported in the literature, in some cases leading to confusion, and they are critically evaluated here, as are the habit plane, growth direction, and interfacial structure of various morphologies of proeutectoid cementite. Quantitative experimental and theoretical investigations of the growth kinetics of the proeutectoid cementite transformation are considered next, and the nucleation site of proeutectoid cementite in austenite is also discussed in some detail. This review considers all of these issues in a critical way in which differences, commonalities, important features, and redundancies are sorted out, in order to present a unified picture that will add some clarity to this subject. The different features and issues of this transformation that are considered in detail throughout this review are finally brought together in a comprehensive way in the last major section of this paper on 'Formation mechanism(s) of proeutectoid cementite', in order to provide a complete, modern view of the formation of proeutectoid cementite from austenite. To the best knowledge of the present authors, before this review a thorough assessment of this classic phase transformation in steels had not been undertaken since 1962, when Professor Hubert I. Aaronson covered this topic in a section of the book entitled 'The Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes'. 1 In large part due to a number of ground breaking new findings on the proeutectoid cementite transformation since then ( particularly in the last decade), it is very timely for a new review on this topic. C1 [Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kral, M. V.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6355,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.spanos@nrl.navy.mil RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 130 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 19 EP 47 DI 10.1179/174328009X392949 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 432GS UT WOS:000265122100002 ER PT B AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI Floating-Point Numerical Function Generators Using EVMDDs for Monotone Elementary Functions SO ISMVL: 2009 39TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Naha, JAPAN SP IEEE AB This paper proposes a design method for floating-point numerical function generators (NFGs) using multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). Our method applies to monotone elementary functions in which real values are converted into integer values that are represented by edge-valued MDDs (EVMDDs). We show that EVMDDs use fewer nodes by one or two orders of magnitude than two other types of decision diagrams, MTBDDs and BMDs. EVMDDs produce fast and compact floating-point NFGs for real-valued elementary functions, with a speed improvement of 86% over a recently proposed floating-point implementation [4]. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); Hiroshima City University [8108]; [200700051] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT)via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 200700051, 2008, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), 8108, 2008. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3841-9 PY 2009 BP 349 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMV00 UT WOS:000273629000060 ER PT B AU Sasao, T Nakahara, H Matsuura, M Kawamura, Y Butler, JT AF Sasao, Tsutomu Nakahara, Hiroki Matsuura, Munehiro Kawamura, Yoshifumi Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI A Quaternary Decision Diagram Machine and the Optimization of Its Code SO ISMVL: 2009 39TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Naha, JAPAN SP IEEE ID LANGUAGE PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER AB We show the advantage of Quarternary Decision Diagrams (QDDs) in representing and evaluating logic functions. That is, we show how QDDs are used to implement QDD machines, which yield high-speed implementations. We compare QDD machines with binary decision diagram (BDD) machines, and show a speed improvement of 1.28-2.02 times when QDDs are chosen. We consider 1-and 2-address BDD machines, and 3- and 4-address QDD machines, and we show a method to minimize the number of instructions. C1 [Sasao, Tsutomu; Nakahara, Hiroki; Matsuura, Munehiro] Kyushu Inst Technol, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Kawamura, Yoshifumi] Renesas Technol Corp, Tokyo 1000004, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sasao, T (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology); U.S. Air Force / CVAQ (D. Nussbaum) FX This research is partly supported by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant in Aid for Scientific Research, and the Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), and by the U.S. Air Force / CVAQ (D. Nussbaum). Discussions with Prof. ShigekiIwata and Mr. Hisashi Kajiwara were quite helpful. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3841-9 PY 2009 BP 362 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMV00 UT WOS:000273629000062 ER PT B AU Brown, CW AF Brown, Christopher W. BE May, JP TI Fast Simplifications for Tarski Formulas SO ISSAC2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC) CY JUL 28-31, 2009 CL Korea Inst Adv Study (KIAS), Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ACM SIGSAM HO Korea Inst Adv Study (KIAS) ID FIELDS AB We define the "combinatorial part;" of a Taxski formula in which equalities and inequalities are in factored or partially-factored form. The combinatorial part of a formula contains only "monomial inequalities", which are sign conditions on monomials. We give efficient algorithms for answering some basic questions about conjunctions of monomial inequalities and prove the NP-Completeness/Hardness of some others. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Stop 9F,572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wcbrown@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-609-0 PY 2009 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BMS46 UT WOS:000273468200011 ER PT J AU Hunter, LP Rychnovsky, JD Yount, SM AF Hunter, Lauren P. Rychnovsky, Jacqueline D. Yount, Susan M. TI A Selective Review of Maternal Sleep Characteristics in the Postpartum Period SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Review DE sleep; sleep disturbance; sleep deprivation; fatigue; depression; postpartum ID LATE PREGNANCY; INFANT SLEEP; WAKE BEHAVIORS; WOMEN; MOTHERS; PATTERNS; MOOD; LOGS; FATIGUE; CYCLE AB Objective: To determine the current knowledge of postpartum womens' sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, consequences of sleep disturbances, and known strategies for prevention in order to provide best practice recommendations for health care providers. Data Sources: A literature search from 1969 through February 2008 was conducted using the CINHL, Index of Allied Health Literature, Ovid, PsycINFO, and PubMed electronic databases in addition to reference lists from selected articles and other key references. Search terms included sleep, postpartum, sleep deprivation, and sleep disturbance. Study Selection: A critical review of all relevant articles from the data sources was conducted with attention to the needs of postpartum womens' sleep and implications for health care providers. Data Extraction: Literature was reviewed and organized into groups with similar characteristics. Data Synthesis: An integrative review of the literature summarized the current state of research related to sleep alterations in postpartum women. Conclusions: Postpartum women experience altered sleep patterns that may lead to sleep disturbances. The most common reasons for sleep disturbances are related to newborn sleep and feeding patterns. Although present, the relationships among sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression in postpartum women lack clarity due to their ambiguous definitions and the variety of the studies conducted. Providers should encourage prenatal education that assists the couple in developing strategies for decreasing postpartum sleep deprivation. Alterations of in-hospital care and home care should be incorporated to improve the new family's sleep patterns. C1 [Hunter, Lauren P.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Nursing, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Yount, Susan M.] Maricopa Integrated Hlth Syst MedPro, Dept OB GYN, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Rychnovsky, Jacqueline D.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hunter, LP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Sch Nursing, 5300 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM lhunter@mail.sdsu.edu NR 53 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2008.00309.x PG 9 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 397ED UT WOS:000262644300009 PM 19208049 ER PT J AU Glover, M AF Glover, Michele TI Business Cases for Info Pros: Here's Why, Here's How SO JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP LA English DT Book Review C1 [Glover, Michele] USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Acquisit Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Glover, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Acquisit Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM glover@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1333 J9 J ACAD LIBR JI J. Acad. Librariansh. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 100 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.acalib.2008.10.010 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 411QY UT WOS:000263666100015 ER PT J AU Nauta, L AF Nauta, Laura TI Metadata SO JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP LA English DT Book Review C1 [Nauta, Laura] USN Acad, Cataloging Dept, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nauta, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Cataloging Dept, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM nauta@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1333 J9 J ACAD LIBR JI J. Acad. Librariansh. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.acalib.2008.10.014 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 411QY UT WOS:000263666100019 ER PT J AU Maclure, A Chalivendra, VB Ramotowski, T AF Maclure, Alyre Chalivendra, Vijaya B. Ramotowski, Thomas TI Effect of Pressure Cycling on Fracture Energy of Polyurethane/Aluminum Adhesive Bonds SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE Aluminum 6061; Interfacial adhesive fracture energy; Modified double cantilever specimen; Peel testing; Polyurethane; Pressure-cycling; Primer ID INTERFACIAL FRACTURE; POLYMER; FATIGUE AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of pressure-cycling on adhesive bond fracture energy of polyurethane/aluminum adhesive bond joints. Initially, two types of peel tests were conducted to characterize adhesive bond strength and challenges associated with pre-mature polyurethane cracking and failure during these tests are discussed. A modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) specimen configuration was specially designed and opening-mode loading conditions were employed to determine the interfacial adhesive bond energy (GC). The test specimens were pressure-cycled in water-filled tanks for 1 to 4 weeks with an increment of 1 week. The GC of pressure-cycled specimens was compared with both control and water-soaked samples (without pressure-cycling). The results indicated that pressure-cycling decreased GC values to those of the control and water-soaked samples: hence, prolonged pressure-cycling could be problematic to polymer/metal adhesive bonds of hardware installed outboard of submarine pressure hulls. C1 [Maclure, Alyre; Chalivendra, Vijaya B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Ramotowski, Thomas] USN, Devices Sensors & Mat R&D Branch, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Chalivendra, VB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Grp 2,116,285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM vchalivendra@umassd.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 EI 1545-5823 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2009 VL 85 IS 12 BP 869 EP 888 AR PII 917031379 DI 10.1080/00218460903307746 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 525IN UT WOS:000272208800001 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Doyle, JD Wang, SP AF Golaz, Jean-Christophe Doyle, James D. Wang, Shouping TI One-Way Nested Large-Eddy Simulation over the Askervein Hill SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) models have been used extensively to study atmospheric boundary layer turbulence over flat surfaces; however, LES applications over topography are less common. We evaluate the ability of an existing model - COAMPS (R)-LES - to simulate flow over terrain using data from the Askervein Hill Project. A new approach is suggested for the treatment of the lateral boundaries using one-way grid nesting. LES wind profile and speed-up are compared with observations at various locations around the hill. The COAMPS-LES model performs generally well. This case could serve as a useful benchmark for evaluating LES models for applications over topography. C1 [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Doyle, James D.; Wang, Shouping] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Chris.Golaz@noaa.gov RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Office of Naval Research's Program [0601153N] FX COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. Peter Taylor and Wensong Weng are acknowledged for graciously providing electronic versions of the Askervein Hill Project technical reports and datasets. J. D. Doyle and S. Wang acknowledge support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 6 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.6 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UF UT WOS:000208299400006 ER PT J AU Lennon, JA Atkins, EM AF Lennon, Jamie A. Atkins, Ella M. TI Preference-Based Trajectory Generation SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB Numerous techniques exist to optimize aircraft and spacecraft trajectories over cost functions that include terms such as fuel, time, and separation from obstacles. Relative weighting factors can dramatically alter solution characteristics, and engineers often must manually adjust either cost weights or the trajectory itself to obtain desirable solutions. Further, when humans and robots work together, or when humans task robots, they may express their performance expectations in a "fuzzy" natural language fashion, or else as an uncertain range of more-or-less acceptable values. This work describes a software architecture which accepts both fuzzy linguistic and hard numeric constraints on trajectory performance and, using a trajectory generator provided by the user, automatically constructs trajectories to meet these specifications as closely as possible. The system respects hard constraints imposed by system dynamics or by the user, and will not let the user's preferences interfere with the system and user needs. The architecture's evaluation agent translates these requirements into cost-functional weights expected to produce the desired motion characteristics. The quality of the resulting full-state trajectory is then evaluated based on a set of computed trajectory features compared to the specified constraints. If constraints are not met, the cost-functional weights are adjusted according to precomputed heuristic equations. Heuristics are not generated in an ad hoc fashion, but are instead the result of a systematic testing of the simulated system under a range of simple conditions. The system is tested in a two degree of freedom (2DOF) linear and a 6DOF nonlinear domain with a variety of constraints and in the presence of obstacles. Results show that the system consistently meets all hard numeric constraints placed on the trajectory. Desired characteristics are often attainable or, in those cases where they are discounted in favor of the hard constraints, fail by small margins. Results are discussed as a function of obstacles and of constraints. C1 [Lennon, Jamie A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Atkins, Ella M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lennon, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jamie.lennon@nrl.navy.mil; ematkins@umich.edu RI Atkins, Ella/J-5732-2013 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001404WX30001] FX This work was performed in part at the Naval Research Laboratory under funding from the Office of Naval Research under work order N0001404WX30001. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 142 EP 170 DI 10.2514/1.36214 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FY UT WOS:000271074700003 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, R Hall, JS Horning, J Romano, M AF Bevilacqua, Riccardo Hall, Jason S. Horning, James Romano, Marcello TI Ad Hoc Wireless Networking and Shared Computation for Autonomous Multirobot Systems SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB A wireless ad hoc network is introduced that enables inter-robot communication and shared computation among multiple robots with PC/104-based single board computers running the real-time application interface patched Linux operating system. Through the use of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc technology and User Datagram Protocol, each robot is able to exchange data without the need of a centralized router or wireless access point. The paper presents three key aspects of this novel architecture to include: 1) procedures to install the real-time application interface patched operating system and wireless ad hoc communication protocol on a multiple robot system; 2) development of a Simulink (R) library to enable intercommunication among robots and provide the requisite software-hardware interfaces for the onboard sensor suite and actuator packages; 3) methods to rapidly generate and deploy real-time executables using Mathwork's Real-Time Workshop (TM) to enable an autonomous robotic system. Experimental test results from the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory at the Naval Postgraduate School are presented which demonstrate negligible network latencies and real-time distributed computing capability on the Autonomous Spacecraft Assembly Test Bed. A complete manual is also included to replicate the network and software infrastructures described in this work. Also, the developed Simulink (R) library can be requested from the authors. C1 [Bevilacqua, Riccardo; Hall, Jason S.; Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Horning, James] USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code AA RB,699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rbevilac@nps.edu; jshall@nps.edu; jhorning@nps.edu; mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Research Council Research Associateship FX This research was partially supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and was performed while R. Bevilacqua was holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the US Naval Postgraduate School. The authors wish to thank Alessandro Toso and Andrea Davighi for the useful discussions. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 328 EP 353 DI 10.2514/1.40734 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GD UT WOS:000271075200001 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Updated Software Reliability Metrics SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' Standard Dictionary of Measures of the Software Aspects of Dependability (982.1) has been scheduled for updating. This standard was issued several years ago. Since then new software reliability metrics have been developed and evaluated. In addition, modifications of metrics in the standard have developed and evaluated. The objective of this paper is to describe, evaluate, and apply the new and modified metrics, using failure data from several releases of the NASA Space Shuttle flight software. Recognizing that users of standards have other applications, the methodology, equations, and prediction plots are explained so that reliability engineers can apply the metrics to their applications. The metrics are assessed from two standpoints: 1) identify metrics that support a specified purpose (e.g., demonstrate reliability growth) and 2) use these metrics to identify software releases that, based on reliability predictions, are ready to deploy and identify which software requires additional testing. Prediction accuracy is computed for all metrics and the metrics are compared based on the results. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 2822 Raccoon Trail, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM Ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 354 EP 372 DI 10.2514/1.40883 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GD UT WOS:000271075200002 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Equipment Selection Models for Space Systems: Cost-Effectiveness, Reliability, and Maintainability SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Several models are developed to illustrate a methodology for equipment selection. By equipment selection we mean assigning computers to applications so that cost, effectiveness, reliability, maintainability, and availability requirements are satisfied. Because so many facets of the assignment problem must be addressed, the models must be developed and applied incrementally as each requirement is assessed. For example, if equipment had been found desirable from a cost-effectiveness standpoint, it might not hold up under the scrutiny of reliability and maintainability assessments. As a consequence, equipment assignments to applications would have to be revised. To illustrate the assignment process we use the organizational scenario of a space system laboratory that operates an integrated system of web service, safety critical, and home computer applications. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93942 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 2822 Raccon Trail, Pebble Beach, CA 93942 USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 415 EP 432 DI 10.2514/1.35743 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GE UT WOS:000271075300003 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Software Forecasting Models SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Several forecasting models were evaluated with respect to their forecasting accuracy using NASA Space Shuttle failure data. Simple models like exponential smoothing are attractive if the forecasting range can be limited. This is the case because these models use the most recent data in making a forecast. In other cases, where forecasts must be made over a wide range, software reliability models are superior. The reason is that these models use a larger set of data in making parameter estimates. This feature results in more accurate forecasts over a wider range of time periods in the future. We found that significant improvements could be made to forecasting accuracy for all models by the simple process of modifying original forecasts based on the relative errors of those forecasts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 9 BP 540 EP 552 DI 10.2514/1.38053 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GK UT WOS:000271075900002 ER PT J AU Paudel, MR Wolfe, CS Patton, H Dubenko, I Ali, N Christodoulides, JA Stadler, S AF Paudel, Moti R. Wolfe, Christopher S. Patton, Heather Dubenko, Igor Ali, Naushad Christodoulides, Joseph A. Stadler, Shane TI Magnetic and transport properties of Co2MnSnxSb1-x Heusler alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; SEARCH; FILMS AB We present the magnetic, structural, and transport properties of the quaternary Heusler alloys Co2MnSnxSb1-x (x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0), which have been theoretically predicted to be half-metallic. Magnetization measurements as a function of applied field show that the saturation moment for x=1 (Co2MnSn) is near the Slater-Pauling value of 5 mu(B); however, the moment for x=0 (Co2MnSb) falls far short of its predicted value of 6 mu(B). Resistivity as a function of temperature was measured from 5 to 400 K, and a phase transition from a half-metallic ferromagnetic phase to a normal ferromagnetic phase was observed between 50 and 80 K for all of the alloys. At low temperature (10 K < T < 40 K), the resistivity ratio was found to vary as R(T)/R(T=5 K)=A +BT2+CT9/2, where the T-2 term results from electron-electron scattering, whereas the T-9/2 term is a consequence of double magnon scattering. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Paudel, Moti R.; Wolfe, Christopher S.; Patton, Heather; Dubenko, Igor; Ali, Naushad; Stadler, Shane] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Christodoulides, Joseph A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paudel, MR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Neckers 483 A, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM paudel@siu.edu RI Dubenko, Igor/A-4219-2012 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR-0545728] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (CAREER Grant No. NSF-DMR-0545728). NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013716 DI 10.1063/1.3054291 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100093 ER PT J AU Wang, D Svensson, SP Shterengas, L Belenky, G Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Wang, D. Svensson, S. P. Shterengas, L. Belenky, G. Kim, C. S. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Band edge optical transitions in dilute-nitride GaNSb SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; PARAMETERS; COMPOUND; ALLOYS AB Dilute-nitride GaNSb bulk materials with up to 1.4% nitrogen were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates. Hall measurements indicate residual hole concentrations of nearly 10(19) cm(-3) at room temperature, but a decrease to below 10(16) cm(-3) and a hole mobility of 1300 cm(2)/V s at 4.5 K for a sample with 0.6% nitrogen. Photoluminescence (PL) and optical absorption measurements demonstrate a bandgap reduction by up to 300 meV with increasing nitrogen incorporation. The experimental absorption spectra are well fit by a functional dependence corresponding to direct allowed optical transitions, and the PL spectra are also consistent with that interpretation. Room temperature carrier relaxation times in the picosecond range are measured using an ultrafast PL upconversion technique. c 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3055273] C1 [Wang, D.; Shterengas, L.; Belenky, G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Svensson, S. P.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Kim, C. S.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM leon@ece.sunysb.edu FU United States Army Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DMR071054]; Missile Defense Agency [W911NF0720086] FX The authors thank Arsen Subashiev and David Westerfeld for detailed discussions. This work was supported by the United States Army Research Laboratory, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR071054, and the Missile Defense Agency under Contract No. W911NF0720086. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 014904 DI 10.1063/1.3055273 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100167 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SJ Doolette, DJ AF Mitchell, Simon J. Doolette, David J. TI Selective vulnerability of the inner ear to decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt: the role of tissue gas supersaturation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diving; decompression illness; patent foramen ovale ID CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOWS; ILLNESS; KINETICS; BUBBLES; HELIOX; OXYGEN; ARTERY AB Mitchell SJ, Doolette DJ. Selective vulnerability of the inner ear to decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt: the role of tissue gas supersaturation. J Appl Physiol 106: 298-301, 2009. First published September 18, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90915.2008.-Inner ear decompression sickness has been strongly associated with the presence of right-to-left shunts. The implied involvement of intravascular bubbles shunted from venous to arterial circulations is inconsistent with the frequent absence of cerebral symptoms in these cases. If arterial bubbles reach the labyrinthine artery, they must also be distributing widely in the brain. This discrepancy could be explained by slower inert gas washout from the inner ear after diving and the consequent tendency for arterial bubbles entering this supersaturated territory to grow because of inward diffusion of gas. Published models for inner ear and brain inert gas kinetics were used to predict tissue gas tensions after an air dive to 4 atm absolute for 25 min. The models predict half-times for nitrogen washout of 8.8 min and 1.2 min for the inner ear and brain, respectively. The inner ear remains supersaturated with nitrogen for longer after diving than the brain, and in the simulated dive, for a period that corresponds with the latency of typical cases. It is therefore plausible that prolonged inner ear inert gas supersaturation contributes to the selective vulnerability of the inner ear to short latency decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt. C1 [Mitchell, Simon J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Anesthesiol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Doolette, David J.] USN, Expt Div Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Mitchell, SJ (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Anesthesiol, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM dr.m@xtra.co.nz NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90915.2008 PG 4 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 392QV UT WOS:000262318200037 PM 18801958 ER PT J AU Meier, RR Englert, CR Chua, D Socker, D Picone, JM Carter, T Huba, J Slinker, S Krall, J Vincent, W AF Meier, R. R. Englert, C. R. Chua, D. Socker, D. Picone, J. M. Carter, T. Huba, J. Slinker, S. Krall, J. Vincent, W. TI Geospace imaging using Thomson scattering SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Geospace imaging; Magnetosphere; Ionosphere; Plasmasphere; Thomson scattering ID SOLAR-WIND; SIMULATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; FIELD; BRIGHTNESS; CONVECTION; SATELLITE; RADIATION; DENSITY AB We evaluate the potential of imaging for the first time, the near-earth space plasma environment seamlessly from the ionosphere through the magnetosphere by remotely sensing Thomson scattering of solar visible light by geospace electrons. Using state of the art first principles models of the magnetosphere/ionosphere system, we show that the column emission rates are weak, generally less than 10 Rayleighs, but detectable with currently available instrument technology recently deployed for heliospheric imaging. We demonstrate that distinct features such as the bow shock, magnetosheath and magnetopause are detectable in synthetic images simulated using modified solar coronagraphs and white light imagers, providing that the large background signals are properly quantified, The availability of global geospace images of the electron concentration will enable major advances in our understanding of how Earth's near-space environment responds as a coupled system to changing solar forcings. Such images are expected to play a central role in space weather assessment and forecasting, from which significant capabilities will accrue, much as the imaging of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere has advanced understanding and forecasting of tropospheric weather. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Meier, R. R.; Englert, C. R.; Chua, D.; Socker, D.; Picone, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Carter, T.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Huba, J.; Slinker, S.; Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vincent, W.] USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmeier@gmu.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research. We thank Bill Sandel for providing He+ 30.4nm images of the plasmasphere from the IMACE satellite. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.10.007 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405BG UT WOS:000263196500014 ER PT J AU Leclere, LE Sechriest, VF Holley, KG Tsukayama, DT AF Leclere, Lance E. Sechriest, V. Franklin, II Holley, Keith G. Tsukayama, Dean T. TI Tuberculous Arthritis of the Knee Treated with Two-Stage Total Knee Arthroplasty A Case Report SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID PROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION; OF-THE-LITERATURE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; OLD TUBERCULOSIS; REPLACEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; BONE C1 [Leclere, Lance E.; Sechriest, V. Franklin, II; Holley, Keith G.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Tsukayama, Dean T.] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Leclere, LE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM vernon.sechriest@med.navy.mil NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 91A IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01421 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 394CH UT WOS:000262422400023 PM 19122094 ER PT J AU Shaheen, HI Messih, IAA Klena, JD Mansour, A El-Wakkeel, Z Wierzba, TF Sanders, JW Khalil, SB Rockabrand, DM Monteville, MR Rozmajzl, PJ Svennerholm, AM Frenck, RW AF Shaheen, H. I. Messih, I. A. Abdel Klena, J. D. Mansour, A. El-Wakkeel, Z. Wierzba, T. F. Sanders, J. W. Khalil, S. B. Rockabrand, D. M. Monteville, M. R. Rozmajzl, P. J. Svennerholm, A. M. Frenck, R. W. TI Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Samples Obtained from Egyptian Children Presenting to Referral Hospitals SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEAT-STABLE TOXIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; NORTHERN EGYPT; DISEASE BURDEN; ACUTE DIARRHEA; RURAL EGYPT AB Hospital surveillance was established in the Nile River Delta to increase the understanding of the epidemiology of diarrheal disease among Egyptian children. Between September 2000 and August 2003, samples obtained from children less than 5 years of age who had diarrhea and who were seeking hospital care were cultured for enteric bacteria. Colonies from each culture with a morphology typical of that of Escherichia coli were tested for the heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins by a GM-1-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colonization factor (CF) antigens by an immunodot blot assay. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates were recovered from 320/1,540 (20.7%) children, and ETEC isolates expressing a known CF were identified in 151/320 (47%) samples. ST CFA/I, ST CS6, ST CS14, and LT and ST CS5 plus CS6 represented 75% of the CFs expressed by ETEC isolates expressing a detectable CF. Year-to-year variability in the proportion of ETEC isolates that expressed a detectable CF was observed (e. g., the proportion that expressed CFA/I ranged from 10% in year 1 to 21% in year 3); however, the relative proportions of ETEC isolates expressing a CF were similar over the reporting period. The proportion of CF-positive ETEC isolates was higher among isolates that expressed ST. ETEC isolates expressing CS6 were isolated significantly less often (P < 0.001) than isolates expressing CFA/I in children less than 1 year of age. Macrorestriction profiling of CFA/I-expressing ETEC isolates by using the restriction enzyme XbaI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated a wide genetic diversity among the isolates that did not directly correlate with the virulence of the pathogen. The genome plasticity demonstrated in the ETEC isolates collected in this work suggests an additional challenge to the development of a globally effective vaccine for ETEC. C1 [Shaheen, H. I.; Messih, I. A. Abdel; Klena, J. D.; Mansour, A.; Wierzba, T. F.; Sanders, J. W.; Khalil, S. B.; Rockabrand, D. M.; Monteville, M. R.; Rozmajzl, P. J.; Frenck, R. W.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Svennerholm, A. M.] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Biomed, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [El-Wakkeel, Z.] Minist Hlth Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Shaheen, HI (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM hind.shaheen.eg@med.navy.mil FU Global Emerging Infectious System FX Five coauthors (J. W. S., D. M. R., M. R. M., P. J. R., and R. W. F.) are military service members; the first author (H. I. S.) and other coauthors (I. A. A. M., J. D. K., T. F. W., and S. B. K.) are employees of the U. S. government. This work was prepared as part of our official duties. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U. S. Department of the Navy, the U. S. Department of Defense, the U. S. Government, or the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population. This study (protocol no. NAMRU3.2000.0002) was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of NAMRU-3 and the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, in compliance with all federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. Informed consents were obtained from all adult participants and from the parents or the legal guardians of minors. NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1128/JCM.01282-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 390IR UT WOS:000262158000026 PM 18971368 ER PT J AU Austin, MJ Scott, TM Brown, JW Brown, JA MacMahan, JH AF Austin, M. J. Scott, T. M. Brown, J. W. Brown, J. A. MacMahan, J. H. TI Macrotidal Rip Current Experiment: Circulation And Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE Surf zone; Nearshore circulation; Wave breaking; Morphodynamics ID BEACH AB The macrotidal intermediate-dissipative beaches of the southwest UK display strong seasonality whereby extensive low-tide bar/rip systems form during the spring season. These features reach a state of maximum development during the summer months, when strong rip currents are present at various stages of the tide that switch on/off due to tidal translation. This research investigates for the first time the circulation and dynamics of macrotidal rip systems from the perspective of the flow dynamics and surf zone circulation. A field experiment was conducted on a macro-tidal beach (range 6.3 m) with low-tide bar/rip morphology to quantify the circulation and dynamics of the rip current systems. Measurements of flow velocity, water depth and suspended sediment concentration were collected over the channel and shoal of a transverse bar/rip system using an in-situ sensor array, whilst the surf zone circulation patterns were monitored with post-processed GPS drifter floats. The in-situ data show that currents within the rip system are strongly correlated with the stage of the tide and maximum Current speeds are recorded during the 3-hour period immediately around low water. During this period, wave breaking is maximised on the adjacent shoal resulting in a longshore gradient in wave dissipation. The GPS drifters indicate that an extensive rotational surf zone circulation pattern exists, whereby the offshore flow within the rip channel returns landwards over the intertidal bar from the outer edge of the surf zone. C1 [Austin, M. J.; Scott, T. M.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Brown, J. W.; Brown, J. A.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [MacMahan, J. H.] Navel Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Austin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM martin.austin@plymouth.ac.uk; timothy.scott@plymouth.ac.uk; jwbrown@udel.edu; brownja@udel.edu; jhmacmah@nps.edu RI Austin, Martin/J-4753-2013; OI Austin, Martin/0000-0003-3179-8767 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 24 EP 28 PN 1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YW UT WOS:000266722300007 ER PT J AU VanMil, BL Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Holm, RT Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR Wang, L Zhao, P AF VanMil, B. L. Lew, K-K. Myers-Ward, R. L. Holm, R. T. Gaskill, D. K. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Wang, L. Zhao, P. TI Etch rates near hot-wall CVD growth temperature for Si-face 4H-SiC using H-2 and C3H8 SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Etching; Chemical vapor deposition; Silicon carbide ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON; NITROGEN; EPITAXY AB During the growth of silicon carbide (SiC) by hot-wall chemical vapor deposition, there is a competition between etching and growth processes due to hydrogen etching of the SiC surface, which is a function of temperature and the etching atmosphere. The interplay of the etch rates and growth rates and the influence of the doping level of the growing layer on these rates must be taken into account when growing device structures with stringent thickness constraints. In this work, a comparison of secondary ion mass spectrometry data with etch rates for a variety of individual epilayers is used to differentiate the contribution of etching processes from that of site competition effects between precursor and incorporated dopant species on the net growth rate. It is found that the presence of nitrogen at the growing surface decreases the net growth rate by competing with carbon species for incorporation into surface lattice sites at a level far beyond what would be expected for most dopant atoms. This is a result of the high nitrogen flux required at the surface due to the inefficiency of nitrogen incorporation at growth temperatures. Furthermore, etch rates of SiC epilayers were found to increase with increasing carrier concentrations for both p- and n-type 4H-SiC. Finally, small additions of propane to the hydrogen atmosphere suppresses the etch rate of SiC: however, too much propane leads to degradation of the surface morphology. The activation energy for the hydrogen-propane etching mechanism is determined to be 120.5 kcal mol(-1), in good agreement with values reported in the literature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [VanMil, B. L.; Lew, K-K.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Holm, R. T.; Gaskill, D. K.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, L.; Zhao, P.] Evans Analyt Grp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP VanMil, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vanmil@amethystresearch2.com; chip.eddy@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Three of the authors, B.L. VanMil, R.L. Myers-Ward, and K.-K. Lew acknowledge support from the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 311 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.11.030 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 412CH UT WOS:000263700300004 ER PT J AU Pugach, MK Strother, J Darling, CL Fried, D Gansky, SA Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW AF Pugach, M. K. Strother, J. Darling, C. L. Fried, D. Gansky, S. A. Marshall, S. J. Marshall, G. W. TI Dentin Caries Zones: Mineral, Structure, and Properties SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dentin; caries; mineral; mechanical properties; atomic force microscopy ID INDENTATION SYSTEM UMIS; CARIOUS DENTIN; 2 LAYERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COLLAGEN; DEMINERALIZATION; HARDNESS; MICROHARDNESS; MODULUS; ENAMEL AB Caries Detector staining reveals 4 zones in dentin containing caries lesions, but characteristics of each zone are not well-defined. We therefore investigated the physical and microstructural properties of carious dentin in the 4 different zones to determine important differences revealed by Caries Detector staining. Six arrested dentin caries lesions and 2 normal controls were Caries-Detector-stained, each zone (pink, light pink, transparent, apparently normal) being analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging for microstructure, by AFM nanoindentation for mechanical properties, and by transverse digital microradiography (TMR) for mineral content. Microstructure changes, and nanomechanical properties and mineral content significantly decreased across zones. Hydrated elastic modulus and mineral content from normal dentin to pink Caries-Detector-stained dentin ranged from 19.5 [10.6-25.3] GPa to 1.6 [0.0-5.0] GPa and from 42.9 [39.8-44.6] vol% to 12.4 [9.1-14.2] vol%, respectively. Even the most demineralized pink zone contained considerable residual mineral. C1 [Pugach, M. K.; Darling, C. L.; Fried, D.; Gansky, S. A.; Marshall, S. J.; Marshall, G. W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Strother, J.] USN, Sch Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. RP Marshall, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, 707 Parnassus Ave,Box 0758,Dent 2246, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM gw.marshall@ucsf.edu FU NIH/NIDCR [T32 DE 00736, P01 DE09859, R01 DE16849] FX The authors acknowledge G. Nonomura for tooth collection and support from NIH/NIDCR grants T32 DE 00736, P01 DE09859, and R01 DE16849. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 88 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1177/0022034508327552 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 409PG UT WOS:000263517700014 PM 19131321 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD AF Chavez, David E. Gilardi, Richard D. TI Synthesis of 3,6-bis(3-azido-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE azido compounds; explosives; high-nitrogen ID NITROGEN-RICH; CARBON NITRIDES; ENERGETIC SALTS AB The synthesis of 3,6-bis(3-azido-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3) (BATTz) is described. The physical and explosive sensitivity properties of this material were determined. The heat of formation was measured to be 1376kJ/mol by combustion calorimetry. Additionally, X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of this high-nitrogen primary explosive. C1 [Chavez, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gilardi, Richard D.] Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Technology Development Program. FX This work was supported by the DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Technology Development Program. The author also thanks Dennis Montoya for the sensitivity analysis, Lloyd Davis for the thermal analysis, and Stephanie Hagelberg for the elemental analyses. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the DOE/NNSA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 AR PII 908115422 DI 10.1080/07370650802405224 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 397FF UT WOS:000262647500003 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Berzins, DW Charlton, DG AF Roberts, Howard W. Berzins, David W. Charlton, David G. TI Hardness of Three Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Restorative Materials as a Function of Depth and Time SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CURING DEPTH; COMPOSITE; CEMENTS; CURE; CHEMISTRY; STRENGTH; HYBRID AB Statement of the Problem: The polymerization of bulk-placed resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) restoratives is compromised when penetration of the curing light is limited because of the materials' thickness. It is unknown if additional post light-curing resin polymerization and/or glass-ionomer setting occurs over time to ensure adequate polymerization. Purpose: The primary objective was to evaluate the depth of cure of various thicknesses of RMGI restorative products over 1 year using Knoop hardness (KH) testing. Materials and Methods: The materials were placed in Delrin molds having an internal diameter of 5.0 mm and heights of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm and were photopolymerized with a halogen light-curing unit. Five specimens of each depth were prepared for each time period evaluated. Specimens were stored in darkness at 37 +/- 2 degrees C and 98 +/- 2% humidity until being tested at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after fabrication. Mean KH values were calculated for the bottom and top surfaces of each thickness group and used to determine bottom/top hardness ratios. Data were compared using two-way analysis of variance (factors of time, thickness) at a 0.05 significance level with Scheffe's post hoc analysis, where required. Results: The materials had relatively stable top surface KH, which permitted valid assessment of changes in bottom surface KH over time. The bottom surface KH of some RMGIs changed significantly over time (p < 0.001), but degrees of change were material dependent. Certain RMGIs demonstrated a potential for statistically significant post light-activation hardening; however, that too was material dependent. As compared with top surface KH, deeper layers of the thicker RMGI specimens consistently failed to achieve an adequate degree of polymerization. Conclusion: Although certain RMGI materials demonstrate a potential for post light-activation chemically initiated resin polymerization and/or polyalkenoate acid/base reaction, these reactions may not be sufficient to ensure that the material is adequately polymerized for long-term success. This is particularly true when RMGI materials are placed in thicker layers where curing light penetration may be compromised. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE RMGI materials should not be placed in bulk but photopolymerized in layers to ensure adequate light activation. The results of this study suggest that Photac-Fil Quick be placed in layers no thicker than 2 mm while Fuji II LC and Vitremer may be placed in layers up to 3 mm in thickness. C1 [Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00273.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 480EY UT WOS:000268716300011 PM 19689726 ER PT J AU Han, SD Suzuki, H Drake, AI Jak, AJ Houston, WS Bondi, MW AF Han, S. Duke Suzuki, Hideo Drake, Angela I. Jak, Amy J. Houston, Wes S. Bondi, Mark W. TI Clinical, Cognitive, and Genetic Predictors of Change in Job Status Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Military Population SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein E; military; neurocognition; optimal data analysis; traumatic brain injury ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; HEAD-INJURY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COMPENSATORY MECHANISM; ALLELE; GENOTYPE; ASSOCIATION; DEPOSITION; EPSILON-4; PROTEIN AB Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk associated with military duty, and residual effects from TBI may adversely affect a service member's ability to complete duties. It is, therefore, important to identify factors associated with a change in job status following TBI in an active military population. On the basis of previous research, we predicted that apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype may be 1 factor. Design: Cohort study of military personnel who sustained a mild to moderate TBI. Setting: Military medical clinics. Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-two military participants were recruited through the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, affiliated with Naval Medical Center San Diego and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Concussion Clinic located at the First Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. Intervention(s): A multivariate statistical classification approach called optimal data analysis allowed for consideration of APOE genotype alongside cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, and physical functioning. Main Outcome Measure(s): APOE genotype, neuropsychological, psychosocial, and clinical outcomes. Results: We identified a model of factors that was associated with a change in job status among military personnel who experienced a mild or moderate TBI. Conclusions: Factors associated with a change in job status are different when APOE genotype is considered. We conclude that APOE genotype may be an important genetic factor in recovery from mild to moderate head injury. C1 [Han, S. Duke; Suzuki, Hideo] Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. [Han, S. Duke] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Han, S. Duke] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Neurosci, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Jak, Amy J.; Bondi, Mark W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Jak, Amy J.; Bondi, Mark W.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Drake, Angela I.] USN, Dept Neurosci, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Houston, Wes S.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Neurol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Houston, Wes S.] VA Cincinnati Healthcare Syst, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Han, SD (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. EM dhan2@luc.edu FU Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center FX This work was supported by a merit review research program from the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs and by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center; resources and use of facilities were also provided by the Naval Medical Center San Diego. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff, patients, and volunteers at Naval Medical Center San Diego and US Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton for their assistance with this study. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 427GT UT WOS:000264768500009 PM 19158597 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Parrish, DA AF Chavez, David E. Parrish, Damon A. TI New Heterocycles from Tetrazines and Oxadiazoles SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; SUBSTITUTED TETRAZINES AB The reactivity of 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole (2) toward nucleophilic substitution of 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) was studied. A new class of high nitrogen heterocyclic systems was prepared. It was determined that 3,4-diamino-1,2.5-oxadiazole did not display the required nucleophilicity to be reactive. However, the anion of 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole, prepared by treatment with strong base, was sufficiently reactive to act as a nucleophile. C1 [Chavez, David E.; Parrish, Damon A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU Joint DOD/DOE munitions technology development program; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the Joint DOD/DOE munitions technology development program for financial support. They also thank Stephanie Hagelberg and Gabriel Avilucea for analytical services. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number CHE-0535644. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1002/jhet.7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 421HI UT WOS:000264349600017 ER PT J AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick E. TI Uncertainty modeling for database design using intuitionistic and rough set theory SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FUZZY-SETS; RELATIONAL DATABASE; INFORMATION AB This paper introduces the intuitionistic rough set and intuitionistic rough relational and rough object oriented database models. Rough set, fuzzy set, and intuitionistic set uncertainty management are discussed and compared, and the model based on intuitionistic and rough sets developed here is applied to databases. The intuitionistic rough set database models draw benefits from both the rough set and intuitionistic techniques, providing greater management of uncertainty for databases applications in a less than certain world. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Beaubouef, Theresa] SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci & IT, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N for sponsoring this research. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1064-1246 J9 J INTELL FUZZY SYST JI J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.3233/IFS-2009-0422 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 452ZE UT WOS:000266578900001 ER PT J AU Blevins, EM Yang, J McDonnell, NB Willis, MJ AF Blevins, E. M. Yang, J. McDonnell, N. B. Willis, M. J. TI INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE IN KYPHOSCOLIOTIC EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res, Western Reg, Western Soc Clin Invest, Western Assoc Phys, Western Soc Pediat Res, Western Student Med Res Forum C1 [Blevins, E. M.; Willis, M. J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Yang, J.; McDonnell, N. B.] NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 497VU UT WOS:000270092400282 ER PT J AU Gammelsrod, T Leikvin, O Lien, V Budgell, WP Loeng, H Maslowski, W AF Gammelsrod, Tor Leikvin, Oyvind Lien, Vidar Budgell, W. Paul Loeng, Harald Maslowski, Wieslaw TI Mass and heat transports in the NE Barents Sea: Observations and models SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Barents Sea; Current measurements; Numerical models; Ocean circulation; Thermohaline circulation; Water masses ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; NORDIC SEAS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC INFLOW; ICE DYNAMICS; DENSE WATER; INTERMEDIATE; CLIMATE; POLYNYAS; BUDGETS AB The strait between Novaya Zemlya and Frans Josef Land, here called the Barents Sea Exit (BSX) is investigated using data obtained from a current-meter array deployed in 1991-1992, and two numerical models (ROMS and NAME). Combining the observations and models the net volume flux towards the Arctic Ocean was estimated to 2.0 +/- 0.6 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3)s(-1)). The observations indicate that about half of this transport consists of dense, Cold Bottom Water, which may penetrate to great depths and contribute to the thermohaline circulation. Both models give quite similar net transport, seasonal variations and spatial current structures, and the discrepancies from the observations were related to the coarse representation of the bottom topography in the models. Also the models indicate that actual deployment did not capture the main in- and outflows through the BSX. A snapshot of the hydrographic structure (CTD section) indicates that both models are good at reproducing the salinity. Nevertheless, they react differently to atmospheric cooling, although the same meteorological forcing was applied. This may be due to the different parameterisation of sea ice and that tides were included in only one of the models (ROMS). Proxies for the heat transport are found to be small at the BSX. and it can not be ruled out that the Barents Sea is a heat sink rather than a heat source for the Arctic Ocean. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gammelsrod, Tor; Leikvin, Oyvind] Univ Bergen, Geofys Inst, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Gammelsrod, Tor; Leikvin, Oyvind] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Lien, Vidar; Budgell, W. Paul; Loeng, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Maslowski, Wieslaw] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Leikvin, Oyvind] Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. RP Gammelsrod, T (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Geofys Inst, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM torg@gfi.uib.no RI Lien, Vidar/G-6368-2010 OI Lien, Vidar/0000-0002-5737-8878 FU IPY project Bipolar Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation; Norwegian Research Council FX This study has received support from the IPY project Bipolar Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (BIAC, IPY Cluster # 23) supported by The Norwegian Research Council. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398SC UT WOS:000262750800005 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Keller, TM AF Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. TI Synthesis and properties of an oligomeric divinyl-terminated aromatic ether containing resin SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYANATE ESTER RESIN; POLYMERS AB The synthesis of a novel oligomeric divinyl-terminated aromatic ether containing resin and polymerization with silane containing compounds utilizing a hydrosilylation reaction is demonstrated. The transparent, clear polymers exhibit high thermal and oxidative stability while exhibiting elastomeric and plastic properties depending on the curing temperature and curing agent. C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this project. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 20 BP 3307 EP 3310 DI 10.1039/b902581b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 444UE UT WOS:000266005100030 ER PT J AU Malvadkar, N Dressick, WJ Demirel, MC AF Malvadkar, Niranjan Dressick, Walter J. Demirel, Melik C. TI Liquid phase deposition of titania onto nanostructured poly-p-xylylene thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; POLY(P-XYLYLENE) FILMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELECTIVE DEPOSITION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ANATASE TIO2; DIOXIDE; ADHESION AB We describe a simple, solution-based, two-step process for the fabrication of titania-parylene composite films as a prerequisite for their evaluation as materials for bioimplant applications. In the first step, a ligand capable of binding titania, such as phenylphosphonic acid, is physisorbed onto a nanostructured poly-p-xylylene thin film previously prepared via surface-promoted oblique angle polymerization of radicals formed during vapor-phase pyrolysis of [2.2]-p-cyclophanes. The adsorbed ligand templates conformal growth of titania on the polymer surface in the second step via a liquid phase deposition process involving the controlled hydrolysis of (NH(4))(2)TiF(6) in the presence of H(3)BO(3) in pH 2.88 aqueous solution at similar to 50 degrees C. SEM and AFM analyses support a deposition mechanism that includes direct growth of titania on the ligand-impregnated parylene surface, as well as incorporation of titania nanoparticles nucleated in solution into the growing film. XPS and XRD results show that the as-deposited titania contains both amorphous and nanocrystalline anatase phases, with the latter readily consolidated by annealing at similar to 200 degrees C without destruction of the underlying parylene polymer. Titania adhesion can be tuned by proper choice of the ligand, with ligands such as phenylphosphonic acid that strongly bind to titanium dioxide leading to deposition of titania films that pass the Scotch (R) tape adhesion test. C1 [Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Malvadkar, Niranjan; Demirel, Melik C.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst & Engn Sci, Coll Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM walter.dressick@nrl.navy.mil; mdemirel@engr.psu.edu RI Malvadkar, Niranjan/E-8662-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016 OI Malvadkar, Niranjan/0000-0002-6763-8469; FU Office of Naval Research [N000140710801]; Young Investigator's Program; Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support for this work through a 6.2 Research Program Award (N000140710801) and Young Investigator's Program Award for MCD and the Naval Research Laboratory Core 6.1 Research Program for WJD. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 27 BP 4796 EP 4804 DI 10.1039/b902882j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 465GW UT WOS:000267571800018 ER PT J AU Sautenkov, VA Li, H Rostovtsev, YV Welch, GR Davis, JP Narducci, FA Scully, MO AF Sautenkov, V. A. Li, H. Rostovtsev, Y. V. Welch, G. R. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. Scully, M. O. TI Using phase dynamics in EIT to probe ground state relaxation in rubidium vapor SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetically induced transparency; optical phase; ground state relaxation; laser beam profile ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC VAPOR; SPIN RELAXATION; GROUP-VELOCITY; LIGHT; INTERFERENCE; STORAGE; DRIVEN; SYSTEM; GAS AB We have studied a time response of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a rubidium vapor to a rapid variation of optical phase. We have observed a very fast growth of the absorption when the phase of the optical field has been abruptly changed, followed by a slow return to the level of steady-state absorption. The recovery time decreases with increasing optical power. A simple theoretical analysis shows that under our experimental conditions the low power limit of the recovery time is determined by the ground relaxation time. In our case it is defined by a time-of-flight of rubidium atoms through laser beam. The obtained value of the ground state relaxation time is in a good agreement with result of direct measurements by 'relaxation in the dark' method. Our technique based on phase dynamics in EIT can be used for investigation of the ground state relaxation and the fast control of EIT. C1 [Sautenkov, V. A.; Li, H.; Rostovtsev, Y. V.; Welch, G. R.; Scully, M. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sautenkov, V. A.; Li, H.; Rostovtsev, Y. V.; Welch, G. R.; Scully, M. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sautenkov, V. A.] PN Levedev Inst Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Scully, M. O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sautenkov, VA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM vsautenkov@gmail.com RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Sautenkov, Vladimir/N-7024-2013 OI Sautenkov, Vladimir/0000-0001-8400-9405 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 975 EP 979 DI 10.1080/09500340902836275 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 446FF UT WOS:000266105400005 ER PT J AU Abi-Salloum, T Meiselman, S Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Abi-Salloum, T. Meiselman, S. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Four-level 'N-scheme' in bare and quasi-dressed states pictures SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE four-level; N-scheme; electromagnetically induced transparency; dressed states; slow light; fast light; negative light ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; PHASE DYNAMICS; GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC GAS; EIT; RELAXATION; VAPOR; LIGHT AB In this work, we consider a four-level 'N-scheme' (three radiation fields coupling four atomic levels) that has previously been shown to feature different group velocity regimes (sub-luminal, super-luminal, and negative) controlled by the strength of the third interacting field, which is referred to as the control field. Another interesting aspect of the N-scheme is the 'appearance' and 'disappearance' of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window at resonance. In this paper, based on a study in the bare states picture, we point out differences and similarities between two settings (different strengths of the acting fields) of this four-level N-scheme. Conclusions are drawn based on a work in a simplified quasi-dressed states picture. We find that the four-level N-scheme under study can be approached as either a one or two three-level lambda-like system(s) that display the same physics regardless of the relative strength between the two fields that form the EIT portion of the system. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Abi-Salloum, T.] Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Meiselman, S.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 3190, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 BP 1926 EP 1932 DI 10.1080/09500340903199939 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800004 ER PT J AU White, GR Lough, J Duncan, D Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF White, G. R. Lough, J. Duncan, D. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Quantum optic techniques for diagnostics of a gradient magnetometer atom interferometer SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE atom interferometry; magnetometry; gradient magnetometry; precision measurements ID SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB In this article, we highlight some of the problems inherent in fielding an atom interferometer sensor, specifically an atom interferometer gradient magnetometer of the type recently proposed [Davis, J.P.; Narducci, F. A. J. Mod. Opt. 2008, 55, 3173-3185]. In particular, we focus on the problems created by stray magnetic fields. We review some of the quantum optic techniques to measure local magnetic fields for the purpose of nulling them. We also present our implementation of a technique to non-destructively measure the temperature of an atom cloud. We highlight our implementation of these techniques and present our measurements. C1 [Lough, J.; Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [White, G. R.; Duncan, D.] Aerosp Mass Properties Anal Inc, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 3190,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 BP 2013 EP 2021 DI 10.1080/09500340903243455 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800016 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Terraciano, ML Dutton, Z Bashkansky, M AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Terraciano, Matthew L. Dutton, Zachary Bashkansky, Mark TI Imaging velocity selective resonances in a magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE velocity selection; magnetometry; Raman spectroscopy ID ATOMS AB We demonstrate techniques for imaging both magnetic fields and magnetic sublevel distributions using velocity-selective Raman transitions in cold (87)Rb and (85)Rb ensembles. When an expanding atom cloud is exposed to counterpropagating laser beams, resonant atom trajectories undergoing Raman transitions are perturbed and result in distinctive features in images of the expanded cloud. If the counterpropagating laser fields couple magnetic sublevels in different hyperfine manifolds, the images provide a spectrograph of sublevel occupation. The techniques are simple to implement and provide a useful, rapid diagnostic tool for cold atom experiments. C1 [Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Terraciano, Matthew L.; Dutton, Zachary; Bashkansky, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dutton, Zachary] BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 SI SI BP 2022 EP 2028 DI 10.1080/09500340903225510 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800017 ER PT J AU Botez, D Tsvid, G D'Souza, M Rathi, M Shin, JC Kirch, J Mawst, LJ Kuech, T Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J Plant, J Turner, G AF Botez, Dan Tsvid, Gene D'Souza, Mithun Rathi, Manish Shin, Jae C. Kirch, Jeremy Mawst, Luke J. Kuech, Thomas Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry Plant, Jason Turner, George TI Progress towards intersubband quantum-box lasers for highly efficient continuous wave operation in the mid-infrared SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Intersubband-transition semiconductor laser; quantum boxes; phonon bottleneck ID CASCADE LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTOR; RELAXATION; SUPERLATTICE; DOTS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB Intersubband quantum-box (IQB) lasers, which are devices consisting of 2-D arrays of ministacks (i.e., 2-4 stages) intersubband QB emitters have been proposed as alternatives to 30-stage quantum-cascade (QC) devices, for efficient room-temperature (RT) emission in the mid-infrared (4-6 mu m) wavelength range. Preliminary results include: 1) the design of devices for operation with 50% wallplug efficiency at RT; 2) realization of a novel type of QC device: the deep-well (DW) QC laser, that has demonstrated at lambda = 4.7 mu m low temperature sensitivity of the threshold current, a clear indication of suppressed carrier leakage; 3) the formation of 2-D arrays at nanopoles by employing nanopatterning and dry etching; 4) the formation of 40 nm-diameter, one-stage IQB structures on 100 nm centers by preferential regrowth via metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). C1 [Botez, Dan; Tsvid, Gene; D'Souza, Mithun; Rathi, Manish; Shin, Jae C.; Kirch, Jeremy; Mawst, Luke J.; Kuech, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Reed Ctr Photon, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plant, Jason; Turner, George] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Botez, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Reed Ctr Photon, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM botez@engr.wisc.edu FU DARPA [FA8650-07-1-7709.] FX This material is based on research sponsored by DARPA under agreement number FA8650-07-1-7709. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The authors are grateful for valuable technical discussions with Claire Gmachl and Peter Zory. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2009 VL 3 AR 031606 DI 10.1117/1.3085992 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 526XB UT WOS:000272328200007 ER PT J AU Borer, DA AF Borer, Douglas A. TI We Fought the Navy and Won: Guam's quest for democracy SO JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Borer, Douglas A.] USN, Dept Def Anal, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Dept Def Anal, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daborer@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3344 J9 J PAC HIST JI J. Pac. Hist. PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 506ZZ UT WOS:000270820100018 ER PT J AU Berger, MT AF Berger, Mark T. TI Pathways to the Present: US development and its consequences in the Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Berger, Mark T.] USN, Dept Def Anal, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Dept Def Anal, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3344 J9 J PAC HIST JI J. Pac. Hist. PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 235 EP 236 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 506ZZ UT WOS:000270820100019 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Thomas, EL Otani, M Green, ML Tran, TN Caylor, C Dilley, NR Downey, A Edwards, B Elsner, N Ghamaty, S Hogan, T Jie, Q Li, Q Martin, J Nolas, G Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Tritt, T AF Lu, Z. Q. J. Lowhorn, N. D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Green, M. L. Tran, T. N. Caylor, C. Dilley, N. R. Downey, A. Edwards, B. Elsner, N. Ghamaty, S. Hogan, T. Jie, Q. Li, Q. Martin, J. Nolas, G. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Tritt, T. TI Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bismuth telluride; consensus mean curve; Constantan; functional data analysis; Ridge regression modeling; round-robin; Seebeck coefficient; Standard Reference Material; thermoelectric ID BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MERIT AB In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations. C1 [Lu, Z. Q. J.; Lowhorn, N. D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Green, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Caylor, C.; Venkatasubramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dilley, N. R.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Downey, A.; Hogan, T.] Armor Holdings, Sterling Hts, MI 48310 USA. [Downey, A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edwards, B.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Elsner, N.; Ghamaty, S.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Jie, Q.; Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Martin, J.; Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] Gen Motors R& Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov; nlowhorn@gmail.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; zwp@ustc.edu.cn; ethoma7@gmail.com; makoto_ohtani@nifty.com; martin.green@nist.gov; Thanh.N.Tran@navy.mil; ccaylor@rti.org; neil@qdusa.com; adam.downey@stryker.com; bradandjustine@gmail.com; n.elsner@hi-z.com; s.ghamaty@hi-z.com; hogant@msu.edu; qjie@bnl.gov; qiangli@bnl.gov; joshua.martin@nist.gov; gnolas@cas.usf.edu; h.obara@aist.go.jp; jsharp@marlow.com; rama@rti.org; WilligRR@utrc.utc.com; jihui.yang@gm.com; ttritt@clemson.edu RI Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Zhang, Weiping/C-6158-2014; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.114.004 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300004 PM 27504212 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Beekman, M Wong-Ng, W Nolas, GS AF Mansour, A. N. Beekman, M. Wong-Ng, W. Nolas, G. S. TI Local structure of Cu in Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 type II clathrate SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectrics; Clathrates; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Atomic structure ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; EXAFS; SCATTERING; AMPLITUDE; SI AB We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the local structure of Cu and Ge in the Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 type II clathrate. We show that the local structure parameters for Ge (coordination number and distances) are consistent with those derived on the basis of XRD investigation of Cs8Na16Ge136. The EXAFS data suggest that Cu either randomly substitutes for Ge on the clathrate framework or preferentially on the 96g site but not preferentially on the 32e or 8a sites (Wyckoff notation). Furthermore, we find that the Cu-Ge distance is smaller than the Ge-Ge distance by 0.13 angstrom, indicating a local distortion around the Cu atoms. The estimated degrees of disorder for Cu-Ge and Ge-Ge interactions indicate the Cu-Ge clathrate framework to be relatively stiff, while those for Na-Ge and Cs-Ge interactions corroborate previous observations of strong thermal disorder of the alkali guests in these materials. Our XAS results offer insight into the site substitution of Cu in this material, information unattainable from X-ray diffraction due to the lack of scattering contrast between Cu and Ge. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mansour, A. N.] USN, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Beekman, M.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM azzam.mansour@navy.mil; gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 FU Naval Surface Warfare Center's; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46145, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; University of South Florida FX A.N.M acknowledges financial Support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. M.B. and G.S.N. acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy under Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER46145. M.B. acknowledges support from the University of South Florida Presidential Doctoral Fellowship. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 182 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.09.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 395TK UT WOS:000262546200017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Billings, L Dykman, M Landsman, A AF Schwartz, Ira B. Billings, Lora Dykman, Mark Landsman, Alexandra TI Predicting extinction rates in stochastic epidemic models SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE fluctuations (theory); stochastic processes (theory); population dynamics (theory) ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHAOS; COMPLEXITY; OUTBREAKS; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS; TIMES; SIS AB We investigate the stochastic extinction processes in a class of epidemic models. Motivated by the process of natural disease extinction in epidemics, we examine the rate of extinction as a function of disease spread. We show that the effective entropic barrier for extinction in a susceptible-infected susceptible epidemic model displays scaling with the distance to the bifurcation point, with an unusual critical exponent. We make a direct comparison between predictions and numerical simulations. We also consider the effect of non-Gaussian vaccine schedules, and show numerically how the extinction process may be enhanced when the vaccine schedules are Poisson distributed. C1 [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Billings, Lora] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Dykman, Mark] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Landsman, Alexandra] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil; billingsl@mail.montclair.edu; dykman@pa.msu.edu; landsmax@jmu.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JAN PY 2009 AR P01005 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2009/01/P01005 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZG UT WOS:000262340100005 ER PT J AU Chase, MS Erickson, AS Yeaw, C AF Chase, Michael S. Erickson, Andrew S. Yeaw, Christopher TI Chinese Theater and Strategic Missile Force Modernization and its Implications for the United States SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE China; Nuclear Strategy; Ballistic Missiles AB The People's Republic of China (PRC), no longer content with its longstanding 'minimalist' nuclear posture and strategy, is enhancing the striking power and survivability of its theater and strategic missile forces and rethinking its nuclear doctrine in ways that may pose serious challenges for the United States. Although the modernization of Chinese nuclear and missile forces may ultimately result in greater strategic deterrence stability, this change will not come about immediately or automatically. Indeed, it is entirely possible that China's growing missile capabilities could decrease crisis stability under certain circumstances, especially in the event of a US-China conflict over Taiwan. C1 [Chase, Michael S.] USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. [Erickson, Andrew S.] USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. [Yeaw, Christopher] USN, War Coll, Warfare Anal & Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Chase, MS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 98 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 67 EP 114 DI 10.1080/01402390802407434 PG 48 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 411JV UT WOS:000263646700003 ER PT J AU Kaiser, D AF Kaiser, David TI Back to Clausewitz SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Kaiser, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 667 EP 685 DI 10.1080/01402390902987095 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 486VA UT WOS:000269226900006 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TG Randall, WS Wittmann, CM AF Hawkins, Timothy G. Randall, Wesley S. Wittmann, C. Michael TI AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF REVERSE AUCTION APPROPRIATENESS IN B2B SOURCE SELECTION SO JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE reverse auction; sourcing strategy; leadership; specifiability; competition ID SUPPLY CHAIN; MODELS; CONSTRUCTS; MECHANISMS; ISSUES; FIT AB Electronic reverse auctions (e-RAs) are receiving attention as an effective strategy for reducing the price of purchased goods and services. To optimize their use, sourcing professionals will need to match firm requirements to market characteristics and supplier capabilities through the application of optimal sourcing strategies. To date, explanations of why sourcing managers decide to utilize an e-RA strategy are incomplete. This study relies upon strategic sourcing concepts coupled with extant research on e-RA use to develop a conceptual model of antecedents to the perceived appropriateness of e-RA usage. The model is tested and supported via structural equation modeling. Findings demonstrate that a sourcing professional's perception as to the appropriateness of using an e-RA for sourcing a particular requirement is influenced by (1) the specifiability of the requirement (2) supplier competition, (3) leadership influence, and (4) a price-based selection criterion. Further, a requirement with higher specifiability was found to increase competition in an e-RA bidding event. Contributions to theory, practice, and future research directions are identified. C1 [Hawkins, Timothy G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Randall, Wesley S.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wittmann, C. Michael] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Hawkins, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1523-2409 J9 J SUPPLY CHAIN MANAG JI J. Supply Chain Manag. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 55 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1745-493X.2009.03176.x PG 17 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA V18CO UT WOS:000207983100005 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Alfriend, KT AF Lee, Deok-Jin Alfriend, Kyle T. TI Additive Divided Difference Filtering for Real-Time Spacecraft Attitude Estimation Using Modified Rodrigues Parameters SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect ID VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; STATE ESTIMATION AB In this paper, a real-time attitude estimation algorithm is derived by using an additive divided difference filter as an efficient alternative to the extended Kalman filter. To make the attitude filtering algorithm suitable for real-time applications and to minimize the computational load, a square-root sigma point attitude filter is designed by integrating the divided difference filter with the additive noise concept using the modified Rodrigues attitude parameters. The new attitude filter provides numerically stable and accurate estimates of the state and covariance, but the computational workload of the new estimator is almost identical to the computational complexity of the extended Kalman attitude filter. For performance evaluation the new sigma point attitude filter is compared with the unscented attitude filter and the extended Kalman filter. The sensor measurements include a three-axis magnetometer and rate-gyros. Simulation results indicate that the proposed additive divided difference attitude filter shows faster convergence with accurate and reliable estimation. C1 [Lee, Deok-Jin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Autonomous Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Alfriend, Kyle T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mech & Control, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Autonomous Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM djlee@nps.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 93 EP 111 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 635YO UT WOS:000280694100007 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, O. A. Swider-Lyons, K. E. TI Effect of SO2 on the Performance of the Cathode of a PEM Fuel Cell at 0.5-0.7 V SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CHEMISORBED SULFUR; PT(111) ELECTRODE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; PLATINUM; ADSORPTION; ACID; OXIDATION AB The effect of 1 ppm SO2 in air on the performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell cathodes was studied at operating voltages of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 V at 80 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. The coverage of the cathode catalyst (50% Pt/Vulcan carbon) with sulfur species theta(S) after exposure to SO2 in air at different cell voltages is evaluated from the hydrogen desorption region on cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves and from ohmic-resistance-corrected polarization curves. The theta(S) calculated from CVs after exposure to SO2 in air is compared to those of cathodes exposed to SO2 in nitrogen. The theta(S) decreases as the cathode potential increases in both air and nitrogen. The cathodes poisoned in air have 2.5 times lower sulfur coverage than those poisoned in nitrogen. The cells poisoned at 0.6 V have the highest performance vs those poisoned at 0.5 and 0.7 V at constant current density; even though the sulfur coverage is lowest in the cell poisoned at 0.7 V, adsorbed hydroxy groups and sulfate/bisulfate ions on the platinum surface are likely to impede the oxygen reduction reaction at 0.7 V. The sulfate/bisulfate ions can be removed from the surface by holding the cathode at its open-circuit voltage in nitrogen. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3236650] All rights reserved. C1 [Baturina, O. A.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for financial support. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP B1423 EP B1430 DI 10.1149/1.3236650 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900021 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Garsany, Yannick Baturina, Olga A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics of SO2-Contaminated Pt3Co and Pt/Vulcan Carbon Electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN REFERENCE ELECTRODE; RING-DISK ELECTRODE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ALLOY CATALYSTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM AB Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is a common impurity in air that is known to deactivate electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes. The SO2 poisoning of a Vulcan-carbon-supported platinum cobalt alloy (Pt3Co/VC) is compared to that of a standard platinum (Pt/VC) electrocatalyst using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) methodology at controlled concentrations of S(IV) in an oxygen-free solution. The CV and RRDE measurements show that for electrodes with the same Pt loading, the Pt3Co/VC is two times more active than the Pt/VC. Upon exposure to S(IV) solutions, the Pt3Co/VC nanoparticle electrocatalysts are more poisoned than the Pt/VC ones, and their initial sulfur coverage is higher. The poisoning of both catalysts is accompanied by an increase in the amount of H2O2 production, as adsorbed sulfur species inhibit the four-electron ORR. The Pt3Co/VC electrocatalyst loses 80% activity in a 0.0001 M S(IV) compared to a 30% loss by the Pt/VC electrocatalysts. The adsorbed sulfur species are more easily removed from the Pt3Co/VC than the Pt/VC by potential cycling, implying a weaker bonding between S-x species and Pt3Co/VC. We conclude that Pt3Co is more susceptible to poisoning by SO2 than Pt at a given Pt loading, but its activity is more easily recovered. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3126383] All rights reserved. C1 [Garsany, Yannick; Baturina, Olga A.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yannick.garsany.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX We are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for the support of this research. This research was performed while Y.G. held a National Research Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 7 BP B848 EP B855 DI 10.1149/1.3126383 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 469HQ UT WOS:000267887500029 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ AF Pietron, Jeremy J. TI Dual-Pathway Kinetics Assessment of Sulfur Poisoning of the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction at High Surface-Area Platinum/Vulcan Carbon Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; EVOLUTION; DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; COADSORPTION; RADIOTRACER; PARTICLES AB The kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) were measured at high surface-area platinum/Vulcan carbon (Pt/VC) films before and after exposure to aqueous solutions of either sodium sulfide (Na(2)S) or mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, HSCH(2)CH(2)COOH) using rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry. At 45-90% blocking of surface Pt atoms by inorganic sulfur, sulfur appears to adsorb as oligomerized sulfur (S(n)). Current-potential RDE data for the HOR at Na(2)S-exposed Pt/VC films were fitted to a recently developed dual-pathway kinetics model. At a submonolayer Sn coverage of surface Pt atoms, the exchange current densities for the potential-independent Tafel-Volmer pathway, or two-site HOR pathway, decrease by about 10-50-fold compared to electrochemically cleaned Pt/VC films. Exchange current densities for the single-site, potential-dependent Heyrovsky-Volmer pathway decrease by comparable factors at the same levels of sulfur exposure. The potential-range constant gamma increases in the presence of adsorbed S(n). The exposure of Pt/VC to aqueous solutions of MPA, an organosulfur species, results in similarly diminished HOR exchange current densities at Pt/VC, as observed for Na(2)S exposure, but yields higher values of gamma. The model is sufficiently sensitive to delineate the effects of different catalyst poisons on HOR kinetics at carbon-supported nanoscopic Pt. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3211946] All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.pietron@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. J.J.P. thanks Ben Gould, Olga Baturina, Doug Ladouceur, Andy Baronavski, John Russell, and Debra Rolison (Naval Research Laboratory) for helpful discussions of this work and for suggestions for revising the manuscript. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 11 BP B1322 EP B1328 DI 10.1149/1.3211946 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 502KJ UT WOS:000270457600024 ER PT J AU Breninford, MP Colinge, CA Holl, SL Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Breninford, M. P. Colinge, C. A. Holl, S. L. Hobart, K. D. Kub, F. J. TI Reaction Dynamics of Activated Hydrophobic Silicon for Low-Temperature Wafer Bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A comparison of Si surface treatments for hydrophobic wafer bonding was conducted. Surface energies were found for wafers with preactivation treatments consisting of UV and heat exposure. Bonded hydrogen-terminated silicon (100) which was activated simultaneously with short-wavelength (158 nm) UV/heat and bonded in an inert (N(2)) environment showed the highest bond strengths. The results are consistent with other studies of the dynamics of hydrogen on silicon (100). (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3080639] All rights reserved. C1 [Breninford, M. P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Colinge, C. A.] Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Colinge, C. A.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Holl, S. L.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Mech Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hobart, K. D.; Kub, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Breninford, MP (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM cindy.colinge@tyndall.ie FU Science Foundation Ireland [07/IN.1/1937] FX This work is partially supported by the Science Foundation Ireland grant 07/IN.1/1937: Low Temperature Wafer Bonding for Heterogeneous Integration. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 5 BP H303 EP H306 DI 10.1149/1.3080639 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 427LI UT WOS:000264780400045 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Still, KR Wilfong, ER Johnson, EW McInturf, SM Eggers, JS Schaeffer, DJ Bekkedal, MYV AF Arfsten, D. P. Still, K. R. Wilfong, E. R. Johnson, E. W. McInturf, S. M. Eggers, J. S. Schaeffer, D. J. Bekkedal, M. Y. -V. TI Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Implanted Depleted Uranium (DU) in CD Rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID OXIDATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; MICE; PELLETS; SPERM; BRAIN; FETAL AB Depleted uranium (DU) munitions and armor plating have been used in several conflicts over the last 17 yr, including the Persian Gulf War and the Iraq War. Because of its effectiveness and availability, DU will continue to be used in military applications into the foreseeable future. There is much controversy over the use of DU in weapons and equipment because of its potential radiological and toxic hazards, and there is concern over the chronic adverse health effects of embedded DU shrapnel in war veterans and bystanders. This study evaluated the effects of long-term implantation of DU on the reproductive success of F0 generation adults and development and survival of subsequent F1 and F2 generations in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study. F0 generation Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 wk of age, were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 20 DU pellets (1 2 mm). Inert implant control animals were implanted with 12 or 20 tantallum (Ta) pellets. The F0 generation was then mated at 120 d post DU implantation. In the F0 generation, when measured on postimplantation d 27 and 117, uranium was present in the urine of DU-implanted animals in a dose-dependent manner. F0 reproductive success was similar across treatment groups and the maternal retrieval test revealed no changes in maternal behavior. DU implantation exerted no effect on the survival, health, or well-being of the F0 generation. Necropsy results of F0 animals were negative with the exception of a marked inflammatory response surrounding the implanted DU pellets. For the F1 generation, measures of F1 development through postnatal day (PND) 20 were unremarkable and no gross abnormalities were observed in F1 offspring. No uranium was detected in whole-body homogenates of PND 4 or PND 20 pups. Necropsy findings of F1 PND 20 pups were negative and no instances of ribcage malformation were observed in F1 PND 20 pups. Body weight and body weight gain of F1 rats through PND 120 were similar across treatment groups. Eight of 414 F1 animals observed from PND 20 to 120 died of unknown causes; 7 were from litters of DU-implanted F0 mating pairs. F1 mating success at 10 wk of age was an overall 70% compared with 91% for F0 mating pairs. Mating success was similar between F1 animals derived from DU-implanted F0 adults and those derived from F0 implant control adults suggesting that the comparatively low mating success was not due to F1 DU exposure. The gestational index of F1 animals derived from mid-dose F0 mating pairs was found to be lower compared with F1 controls. The average gestation duration of F1 animals derived from high-dose F0 mating pairs was found to be significantly longer than F1 controls. F1 sperm motility analyses did not differ among experimental groups and no gross abnormalities were identified at necropsy among surviving F1 animals at PND 120. Histopathology of kidneys, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, ovaries, and testes of F1 high-dose animals did not differ from F1 controls. F1 high-dose females had significantly higher mean relative liver and heart weights compared with F1 controls; the biological relevance of this finding could not be determined. For the F2 generation, measures of F2 development through PND 20 were unremarkable and no gross abnormalities were observed in F2 offspring. Necropsy findings of F2 PND 20 pups were negative and no instances of ribcage malformation were observed in F2 PND 20 pups. Body weight and body weight gain of F2 rats through PND 90 were similar across treatment groups. Mean relative heart weights of males derived from high-dose F0 parens were significantly lower compared with F2 controls. Sperm motility and concentration analysis of F2 males at PND 90 were similar across F2 groups. Overall, the consistent absence of positive findings in this study seems to suggest that DU is not a significant reproductive or developmental hazard, particularly when one considers that mid- and high-dose rats were implanted with the equivalent of 0.3 and 0.5 lb of DU in a 70-kg human, respectively. However, the findings that seven of eight F1 adults that died postweaning were from DU-implanted F0 mating pairs, and that mean relative heart weights were elevated in high-dose F1 and F2 pups, suggest conservatism is warranted in characterizing the reproductive and teratogenic hazards of embedded DU until further studies are completed. C1 [Arfsten, D. P.] USN, Air Stn Jacksonville, Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Still, K. R.; Wilfong, E. R.; Johnson, E. W.; McInturf, S. M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Eggers, J. S.] Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Bekkedal, M. Y. -V.] Dept Hlth & Family Serv, State Wiscosin Bureau Environm Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Schaeffer, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Air Stn Jacksonville, Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil FU U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA), Fort Detrick, MD FX This work was made possible by a grant from the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA), 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5014. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policy of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, the U. S. government, or the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. We thank Dr. David E. McClain (Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute) and his staff for providing training on DU pellet implantation to NHRC scientists. We also thank the following personnel for providing technical assistance with the tests and assays described in this article: James E. Miller (HM1), Mila C. Lopez (HM1), Bethany L. Stelle (HM2), Christopher M. Fike (HM2), Angie R. Thitoff, Anne E. Jung, and Dr. Scott R. Lohrke. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 410 EP 427 AR PII 908546018 DI 10.1080/15287390802647344 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 404HX UT WOS:000263143500007 PM 19199148 ER PT J AU Pope, HG Poliakoff, MB Parker, MP Boynes, M Hudson, JI AF Pope, Harrison G., Jr. Poliakoff, Michael B. Parker, Michael P. Boynes, Matthew Hudson, James I. TI Response to R. E. Goldsmith, R. E. Cheit, & M. E. Wood, "Evidence of Dissociative Amnesia in Science and Literature: Culture-Bound Approaches to Trauma in Pope et al. (2007)" SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE dissociative amnesia; repressed memory; recovered memory; traumatic amnesia; memory ID MEMORY; REPRESSION; THOUGHT AB In their critique of our 2007 paper on "dissociative amnesia," R. E. Goldsmith, R. E. Cheit, and M. E. Wood (this issue) do not adequately distinguish between dissociative amnesia and other more mundane forms of memory disturbance. This is a common problem of misinterpretation extensively discussed in recent publications by Dr. Richard McNally and colleagues. After correcting for this problem, we find that Goldsmith and colleagues have produced no legitimate examples of dissociative amnesia in historical works prior to the late 17th century-thus leaving intact our hypothesis that dissociative amnesia is a recent culture-bound syndrome. We invite interested readers first to review the issues of misinterpretation discussed by McNally and then to carefully compare the methodological discussion in our original paper with that of Goldsmith and colleagues. C1 [Pope, Harrison G., Jr.; Boynes, Matthew; Hudson, James I.] McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. [Pope, Harrison G., Jr.; Boynes, Matthew; Hudson, James I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Poliakoff, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Off Vice President Acad Affairs & Res, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Parker, Michael P.] USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pope, HG (reprint author), McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM hpope@mclean.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1529-9732 J9 J TRAUMA DISSOCIATIO JI J. Trauma Dissociation PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 254 EP 257 DI 10.1080/15299730902956754 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 542MO UT WOS:000273497900003 ER PT J AU Duplessis, C Maguire, JD AF Duplessis, Christopher Maguire, Jason D. TI Melioidosis Masquerading as Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case Report Demonstrating Efficacy of Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article CT Conference of the Virginia-American-College-of-Physicians CY 2007 CL Portsmouth, VA SP Virginia Amer Coll Phys ID BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; DOXYCYCLINE; INFECTION; AGENTS AB Burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil saprophyte typically associated with the highly fatal disease melioidosis in Southeast Asia, is an increasing global concern as worldwide travel proliferates in our increasingly cosmopolitan society. Emergence of this disease in locations where it was not previously described underscores the importance of understanding the basic microbiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of infectious diseases on a global scale rather than the myopic view of the usual microbiological culprits of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in developed nations. We report a case of melioidosis originally diagnosed as CAP complicated by empyema successfully cured with combination of antibiotics and intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy, averting operative intervention. C1 [Duplessis, Christopher; Maguire, Jason D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Duplessis, C (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM mduplessis4@cox.net NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00277.x PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394VC UT WOS:000262478300018 PM 19192137 ER PT J AU Christman, MS L'Esperance, JO Choe, CH Stroup, SP Auge, BK AF Christman, Matthew S. L'Esperance, James O. Choe, Chong H. Stroup, Sean P. Auge, Brian K. TI Analysis of Ureteral Stent Compression Force and its Role in Malignant Obstruction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ureter; stents; ureteral obstruction; nephrostomy, percutaneous ID EXTRINSIC COMPRESSION; URINARY-DIVERSION; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; SECONDARY; FLOW AB Purpose: Extrinsic ureteral obstruction can be a challenging entity for the urologist since half of the ureteral stents placed for malignant obstruction fall. We evaluated the resistance to radial compression of various stents. Materials and Methods: Silhouette (R) 4.6Fr, 6Fr and 8Fr, Sof-Curl (TM) Tecoflex (R) 6Fr, Resonance (R) 6Fr, Polaris (TM) Ultra 6Fr and 7Fr, and Percuflex (R) 6Fr and 8Fr stents were tested. The force needed to compress the stent to 50% of its original external diameter was measured at 3 locations along the stent length, including proximal, middle and distal. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Statistically greater force was required to compress the Resonance and Silhouette stents compared to all others tested. These results were maintained at all 3 locations along the stent. Only the Polaris 6Fr stent differed in resistance to compression along the stent length. Conclusions: The significantly higher forces required to compress the Resonance and Silhouette stents may translate into improved success in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction. C1 [Christman, Matthew S.; L'Esperance, James O.; Choe, Chong H.; Stroup, Sean P.; Auge, Brian K.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Auge, BK (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM brian.auge@med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 181 IS 1 BP 392 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.08.125 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 383WU UT WOS:000261705900198 PM 19010490 ER PT J AU Ali, D Thompson, P DiPasquale, J Richardson, CJK AF Ali, Dyan Thompson, Phillip DiPasquale, Joseph, III Richardson, Christopher J. K. TI A silicon-germanium W-structure photodiode for near-infrared detection SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE PHOTODETECTORS; SI; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATIONS; LAYERS; BAND AB The authors report on the design, characterization, and performance of silicon-rich SiGe waveguide photodetectors grown directly on silicon without virtual buffer relaxation layers. The type-II band offsets of the SiGe system is used to engineer a "W-structure" for absorption at 1.3 mu m. Multimode waveguide devices are found to have a responsivity of 13.2 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 1.8 X 10(8) cm Hz(1/2) W(-1) at 1.3 mu m. Variation in the responsivity versus length of single-mode waveguide devices was used to characterize the material, yielding an optical absorption coefficient of 11.21 cm(-1) for a single active region that is 25 angstrom thick. The 500 mu m long single-mode devices exhibit a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.54 GHz. (C) 2009 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3039688] C1 [Ali, Dyan; DiPasquale, Joseph, III; Richardson, Christopher J. K.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thompson, Phillip] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ali, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dyanali@lps.umd.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1116/1.3039688 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 442KB UT WOS:000265839000006 ER PT J AU Cohen, HS Gottshall, KR Graziano, M Malmstrom, EM Sharpe, MH AF Cohen, Helen S. Gottshall, Kim R. Graziano, Mariella Malmstrom, Eva-Maj Sharpe, Margaret H. TI International survey of vestibular rehabilitation therapists by the Barany Society Ad Hoc Committee on Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article DE Vestibular disorders; physical therapy; occupational therapy; standards of care AB The goal of this study was to determine how occupational and physical therapists learn about vestibular rehabilitation therapy, their educational backgrounds, referral patterns, and their ideas about entry-level and advanced continuing education in vestibular rehabilitation therapy. The Barany Society Ad Hoc Committee for Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy invited therapists around the world to complete an E-mail survey. Participants were either known to committee members or other Barany Society members, known to other participants, identified from their self-listings on the Internet, or volunteered after reading notices published in publications read by therapists. Responses were received from 133 therapists in 19 countries. They had a range of educational backgrounds, practice settings, and referral patterns. Few respondents had had any training about vestibular rehabilitation during their professional entry-level education. Most respondents learned about vestibular rehabilitation from continuing education courses, interactions with their colleagues, and reading. All of them endorsed the concept of developing standards and educating therapists about vestibular anatomy and physiology, vestibular diagnostic testing, vestibular disorders and current intervention strategies. Therefore, the Committee recommends the development of international standards for education and practice in vestibular rehabilitation therapy. C1 [Cohen, Helen S.] Baylor Coll Med, Bobby R Alford Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gottshall, Kim R.] USN, Med Ctr, US Dept Def, Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Malmstrom, Eva-Maj] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Malmstrom, Eva-Maj] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Head & Neck Surg, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Malmstrom, Eva-Maj] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Malmstrom, Eva-Maj] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Sharpe, Margaret H.] Dizziness & Balance Disorders Ctr, Unley, SA 5061, Australia. RP Cohen, HS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM hcohen@bcm.tmc.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.3233/VES-2009-0339 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 524RK UT WOS:000272160300002 PM 19893192 ER PT B AU Gallup, SP MacKinnon, DJ Zhao, Y Robey, J Odell, C AF Gallup, Shelley P. MacKinnon, Douglas J. Zhao, Ying Robey, John Odell, Chris BE Liu, K TI FACILITATING DECISION MAKING, RE-USE AND COLLABORATION A Knowledge Management Approach for System Self-Awareness SO KMIS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SHARING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing CY OCT 06-08, 2009 CL Funchal Madeira, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun DE Program self-awareness; Decision making; Knowledge management; Data mining; Text mining; Cluster; Association; Visualization; Search AB Decades of reform have been largely ineffective at improving the efficiency of the DoD Acquisition System, due in part to the complex processes and stovepipe activities that result in duplication of effort, lack of re-use and limited collaboration on related development efforts. This research applies Knowledge Management (KM) concepts and methodologies to the DoD acquisition enterprise to increase "Program Self Awareness" (Gallup and MacKinnon, 2008). This research supports the implementation of reform initiatives such as Capability Portfolio Management and Open Systems Architecture which share the common objectives of reducing duplication of effort, promoting collaboration and re-use of components. The DoD Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) Program will be used as a test case to develop prototype data schemas and apply text and data mining tools to identify duplication and/or gaps in the features of select MDA technologies. This paper will also provide the foundation for future development of the System Self-awareness concept and KM tools to support decision making and collaboration in diversified commercial and military applications. C1 [Gallup, Shelley P.; MacKinnon, Douglas J.; Zhao, Ying; Robey, John; Odell, Chris] USN, Postgrad Sch, Distributed Informat Syst Experimentat DISE Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gallup, SP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Distributed Informat Syst Experimentat DISE Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spgallup@nps.edu; djmackin@nps.edu; yzhao@nps.edu; jlrobey@nps.edu; cwodell@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-674-013-9 PY 2009 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCO33 UT WOS:000310819900041 ER PT S AU Dell, RF Roman, PE Velasquez, JD AF Dell, Robert F. Roman, Pablo E. Velasquez, Juan D. BE Velasquez, JD Rios, SA Howlett, RJ Jain, LC TI Web User Session Reconstruction with Back Button Browsing SO KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems CY SEP 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math, Santiago, CHILE SP Millennium Inst Complex Engn Syst, Chilean Govt, Millennium Sci Initiat, Univ Chile, Dept Ind Engn HO Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math AB A web user session, the sequence of pages a user visits at, a web site, is valuable data used in many c-business applications but privacy concerns often limit their direct retrieval. A web server log file provides an approximate way of constucting user sessions without privacy concerns. It is only approximate because the same IP address as recorded in the web log often contains the requests of several concurrent users without each user being uniquely identified. Additionally, a user's activation of the back and forward browser button is often not, recorded in the web log because, in most cases, the browser retrieves the page from its own cache. We present ail integer program to construct user sessions (sessionization) from web log data that, includes, the possible use of the back button. We present, sessionization results on web log data from ail academic web site and compare sessions constructed with and without, the option of sessions with the back button. C1 [Dell, Robert F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Roman, Pablo E.; Velasquez, Juan D.] Univ Chile, Dept Ind Engn, Santiago 701, Chile. RP Roman, PE (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Ind Engn, Republ 701, Santiago, Chile. OI Roman, Pablo/0000-0002-7105-9371 FU Conicyt Chile; Chilean Millennium Institute of Complex Engineering Systems FX This work has been partially supported by the National Doctoral Grant from Conicyt Chile and by the Chilean Millennium Institute of Complex Engineering Systems. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-04594-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2009 VL 5711 BP 326 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMP40 UT WOS:000273270800040 ER PT J AU Pollack, JD AF Pollack, Jonathan D. TI The major powers and the two Koreas: an uneasy transition SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The potential for major change on the Korean peninsula has seldom seemed greater than at present. Barring a severe peninsular or regional crisis, America's preoccupations with military conflicts in the Greater Middle East and itsown internal economic upheavalboth taking place amidst the transition to a new presidencyare likely to crowd out U.S. attention to Northeast Asia. The United States and other powers have substantial incentives to maintain and (if possible) to enhance peninsular stability, but there is little clarity on how to achieve such stability, given the uncertainties related to the political leadership in North Korea, the problematic prospects for nuclear diplomacy, policy immobilism in South Korea, weak leadership and stark political divisions in Japan, and China and Russia both seeking to enhance their regional influence. The Six-Party Talks best capture this indeterminacy, enabling initial but very incomplete steps toward denuclearization in North Korea, without a shared vision of the peninsula's future or consensus on the respective roles of the major powers. Amidst mutual suspicions, unresolved power rivalries, and divergent policy agendas, all states are groping their way toward a future that none can fully anticipate or control. The prospects for longer-term peninsular stability and regional order are both uncertain, and will pose major challenges for security and diplomacy in coming years. C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Pollack, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM jonathan.d.pollack@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 AR PII 909470451 DI 10.1080/10163270902745588 PG 9 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 427RX UT WOS:000264797700001 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Collins, GE AF Lu, Qin Collins, Greg E. TI A fritless, EOF microchip pump for high pressure pumping of aqueous and organic solvents SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ELECTROOSMOTIC PUMP; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANAR MICROCHIP; FABRICATION; DEVICES; SILICA; PHASES; FLOWS AB A fritless, microchip electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump is microfabricated and demonstrated on a planar soda lime glass substrate to be capable of supplying reasonable flow rates under high back pressures, such as that required for micro-high pressure liquid chromatography (mu-HPLC). The microchip EOF pump is composed of a densely packed microchannel containing 800 nm silica particles and was capable of generating a maximum pressure > 1000 psi (similar to 7 MPa) and a maximum flow rate of 282 nL/min (aqueous cyclohexylamino alkyl sulfonate (CHES) buffer, 10 mM, pH 9.0, 200 V/cm). Other pumping fluids, such as CHES buffer-acetonitrile mixture (50%, v/v), CHES buffer-methanol mixture (50%, v/v), and pure acetonitrile were also used in a characterization of pump performance that included determinations of the maximum flow rate, maximum pressure, and resulting flow rate against an applied, downstream back pressure. The flow rate under a 200 psi (similar to 1.4 MPa) back pressure at an applied electric field strength of 250 V/cm ranged from 285 nL/min for aqueous CHES buffer to 44 nL/min for CHES buffer-acetonitrile mixture (50%, v/v), indicating that this EOF pump will meet the future requirements of a mu-HPLC system. C1 [Lu, Qin; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for funding support of this effort through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 954 EP 960 DI 10.1039/b816291c PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 419YS UT WOS:000264256200014 PM 19294307 ER PT J AU Bachand, GD Hess, H Ratna, B Satir, P Vogel, V AF Bachand, George D. Hess, Henry Ratna, Banahalli Satir, Peter Vogel, Viola TI "Smart dust'' biosensors powered by biomolecular motors SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; MICROTUBULE MOVEMENTS; NANOSCALE TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; CARGO; PARTICLES; SURFACES; DRIVEN; DNA; NANODEVICES AB The concept of a microfabricated biosensor for environmental and biomedical monitoring applications which is composed of environmentally benign components is presented. With a built-in power source (the biological fuel ATP) and driven by biological motors (kinesin), sensing in the microdevice can be remotely activated and the presence of a target molecule or toxin remotely detected. The multifaceted progress towards the realization of such a device is described. C1 [Hess, Henry] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bachand, George D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ratna, Banahalli] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Satir, Peter] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Vogel, Viola] ETH, Dept Mat, Lab Biol Oriented Mat, CH-8049 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hess, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hhess@mse.ufl.edu RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Vogel, Viola/O-8025-2015; OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Vogel, Viola/0000-0003-2898-7671; Bachand, George/0000-0002-3169-9980 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The research teams led by the authors of this review have collaborated in the investigation and creation of a hybrid smart dust device under the auspices of the DARPA-DSO Biomolecular Motors Program, whose support we gratefully acknowledge. With great appreciation, we would like to thank all collaborators who contributed to this project, including, Ashutosh Agarwal, Marlene Bachand, Amy Blum, Andrew Boal, Christian Brunner, Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Karl-Heinz Ernst, Isaac Finger, Thorsten Fischer, Parag Katira, Gregory Lee, Sheila Luna, Brett Martin, Elizabeth Mobley, Scott Phillips, Sujatha Ramachandran, Susan Rivera, Ajoy Saha, Raviraja Seetharam, Carissa Soto, Kim Sapsford, Robert Tucker, Yuuko Wada, Christian Wahnes, and Di Wu. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1666 DI 10.1039/b821055a PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453MZ UT WOS:000266616000002 PM 19495446 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Kim, JS Erickson, JS Hilliard, LR Howell, PB Anderson, GP Nasir, M Ligler, FS AF Golden, Joel P. Kim, Jason S. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Hilliard, Lisa R. Howell, Peter B. Anderson, George P. Nasir, Mansoor Ligler, Frances S. TI Multi-wavelength microflow cytometer using groove-generated sheath flow SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CHIP; CHANNEL; DEVICES; ARRAYS AB A microflow cytometer was developed that ensheathed the sample (core) fluid on all sides and interrogated each particle in the sample stream at four different wavelengths. Sheathing was achieved by first sandwiching the core fluid with the sheath fluid laterally via fluid focusing. Chevron-shaped groove features fabricated in the top and bottom of the channel directed sheath fluid from the sides to the top and bottom of the channel, completely surrounding the sample stream. Optical fibers inserted into guide channels provided excitation light from diode lasers at 532 and 635 nm and collected the emission wavelengths. Two emission collection fibers were connected to PMTs through a multimode fiber splitter and optical filters for detection at 635 nm (scatter), 665 nm and 700 nm (microsphere identification) and 565 nm (phycoerythrin tracer). The cytometer was capable of discriminating microspheres with different amounts of the fluorophores used for coding and detecting the presence of a phycoerythrin antibody complex on the surface of the microspheres. Assays for Escherichia coli were compared with a commercial Luminex flow cytometer. C1 [Golden, Joel P.; Kim, Jason S.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Hilliard, Lisa R.; Howell, Peter B.; Anderson, George P.; Nasir, Mansoor; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU NIH [UO1 AI075489]; ONR/NRL [6336] FX The work presented here was performed under NIH grant UO1 AI075489 and ONR/NRL 6.2 work unit 6336. The authors would like to thank Ron Hui for his help in developing the first preliminary prototype of the microflow cytometer. The views presented here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, US Navy, or Department of Defense. NR 39 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 13 BP 1942 EP 1950 DI 10.1039/b822442k PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 459RP UT WOS:000267124400016 PM 19532970 ER PT J AU Thangawng, AL Howell, PB Richards, JJ Erickson, JS Ligler, FS AF Thangawng, Abel L. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Richards, Jeffrey J. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Ligler, Frances S. TI A simple sheath-flow microfluidic device for micro/nanomanufacturing: fabrication of hydrodynamically shaped polymer fibers SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; NANOFIBERS; MICROFABRICATION AB A simple sheath flow microfluidic device is used to fabricate polymer micro/nanofibers that have precisely controlled shapes and sizes. Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) was used as the model polymer for these experiments. The sheath-flow device uses straight diagonal and chevron-shaped grooves integrated in the top and bottom walls of the flow channel to move sheath fluid completely around the polymer stream. Portions of the sheath stream are deflected in such a way as to define the cross-sectional shape of the polymer core. The flow-rate ratio between the sheath and core solution determines the fiber diameter. Round PMMA fibers with a diameter as small as 300 nm and flattened fibers with a submicron thickness are demonstrated. C1 [Thangawng, Abel L.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Richards, Jeffrey J.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; Richards, Jeffrey/I-7964-2014 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; FU ONR/NRL [MA 042-06-41, WU 9899]; US Navy or Department of Defense; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow and JJR; Navy Research Enterprise Internship Program FX This work was supported by ONR/NRL MA 042-06-41 WU 9899. Any opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. ALT is a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow and JJR is an undergraduate summer intern under the Navy Research Enterprise Internship Program. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2009 VL 9 IS 21 BP 3126 EP 3130 DI 10.1039/b910581f PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 506GE UT WOS:000270761600015 PM 19823729 ER PT J AU Boyum, RD Elliot, JN Sexton, MJ AF Boyum, R. D. Elliot, J. N. Sexton, M. J. TI Sudden Postpartum Death: An Unexpected Complication of Neurofibromatosis SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 98th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 07-13, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Naval Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. Naval Hlth Clin Cherry Point, Cherry Point, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 89 MA 7 BP 5A EP 5A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 394XK UT WOS:000262486300008 ER PT J AU Osburn, CL O'Sullivan, DW Boyd, TJ AF Osburn, Christopher L. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Boyd, Thomas J. TI Increases in the longwave photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal waters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CARBON; RIVER AB Salinity effects on the photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) due to coastal mixing were investigated through a comparative study of surrogate and surface-water CDOM. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and ultrafiltered river dissolved organic matter (UDOM) added to mixtures of river and seawater permeates (<1 kDa) that varied in salinity from 0 to 33 to mimic coastal mixing. Surface-water CDOM was collected from the Chesapeake Bay in January, June, and September 2002. Shortwave CDOM absorption loss (e.g., 280 nm) did not change with salinity; however, longwave CDOM absorption loss (e.g., 440 nm) often decreased by 10% to 40% with salinity. Apparent quantum yields for average absorption loss from 280 to 550 nm (phi(avg)) increased with salinity for both surrogate and surface-water CDOM, providing evidence for an effect of salinity independent of light absorption among different samples. Further, hydrogen peroxide photoproduction from UDOM increased from 15 to 368 nmol L(-1) h(-1) with salinity, even though pH values were circumneutral. A kinetic model demonstrated that, at circumneutral pH and iron concentrations expected for the Chesapeake Bay, photo-Fenton chemistry could not explain the increase in hydrogen peroxide production quantum yields (phi(hp)) with salinity. Using phi(avg) for the SRHA and UDOM surrogates, a model of the change in surface-water CDOM photoreactivity in the Chesapeake Bay as a function of salinity suggested additional CDOM inputs for the lower Chesapeake Bay. Because estuarine mixing increases photobleaching of longwave CDOM absorption, the modeling of absorption coefficients above 400 nm may underestimate dissolved organic matter in coastal waters. C1 [Osburn, Christopher L.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_osburn@ncsu.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU Office of Naval Research Work Unit [MA013-01-44-8541]; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX This research was funded in part by Office of Naval Research Work Unit MA013-01-44-8541 and by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship award to C.L.O. The opinions and assertions contained herein are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the U. S. Navy. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0145 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 432XX UT WOS:000265168800012 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Wood, KS Barstow, MA Cruddace, RG AF Kowalski, M. P. Wood, K. S. Barstow, M. A. Cruddace, R. G. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI Future EUV Observations of the Interstellar Medium SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Local Interstellar Medium; White Dwarfs; Extreme Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER; EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTROSCOPY; G191-B2B AB Interstellar helium can be observed directly only in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) waveband. However, high sensitivity and spectral resolution are required to disentangle the He II Lyman series lines from the many heavier element lines found in the continuum spectra of many white dwarfs. In 2001 we observed the white dwarf G191-B2 with the world's first high resolution EUV astrophysical spectrometer (J-PEX), flown on a NASA sounding rocket. We were able to detect interstellar He II lines against the background of other species. Our experience underlines the promise of He It absorption line measurements in mapping structure in the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM) such as the Local Bubble and the need for many more high-resolution EUV observations. J-PEX will fly again in 2008 to observe the binary white dwarf Feige 24, but the limited observation time with sounding rockets makes them unattractive for future detailed studies. Here we describe the scientific case for high-resolution EUV spectroscopy, summarize the technology that makes such measurements practical, and present a concept for a similar to 3-month orbital mission, in which the J-PEX payload is modified for flight as a small-satellite. Such a mission might produce sensitive high-resolution spectra for similar to 30 white dwarfs, many of which could contribute to the understanding of structure in the LISM. C1 [Kowalski, M. P.; Wood, K. S.; Cruddace, R. G.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barstow, M. A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Leicester LEI 7RH, Leics, England. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 141 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900018 ER PT S AU Lipson, A Chernov, I Roussetski, A Cherdantsev, Y Tsivadze, A Lyakhov, B Saunin, E Melich, M AF Lipson, Andrei Chernov, Ivan Roussetski, Alexei Cherdantsev, Yuri Tsivadze, Aslan Lyakhov, Boris Saunin, Eugeny Melich, Michael BE Marwan, J Krivit, SB TI Hot Deuteron Generation and Charged Particle Emissions on Excitation of Deuterium Subsystem in Metal Deuterides SO LOW-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS AND NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SOURCEBOOK, VOL 2 SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUSION REACTION; D(D,P)T AB Statistically significant emissions of DD-reaction products, 3 MeV protons and high-energy alpha particles (11-20 MeV) were observed in specially prepared Pd/PdO:D-x and TiDx targets in vacuum, stimulated by electron beam (J similar to 0.6 mA/cm(2), U = 30 keV). These charge particles' energies and identities were determined using a Set of CR-39 detectors covered with various metal foils. In contrast, the Pd/PdO:D-x and the TiDx samples show no sign of nuclear emissions in vacuum without e-beam stimulation. Extrapolation of both DD-reaction cross section and the enhancement factor (consistent with a calculated screening potential U-e = 750 eV) to very low deuteron energy satisfactorily describes the detected DD-reaction yield in Pd/PdO:Dx targets, under the assumption of hot deuteron ( similar to 3.0 eV) generation under e-beam bombardment. This result strongly supports the theoretical prediction (1, 2) for electron excitation of the D-subsystem in Pd- deuterides. C1 [Lipson, Andrei; Tsivadze, Aslan; Lyakhov, Boris; Saunin, Eugeny] Russian Acad Sci, AN Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Chernov, Ivan; Cherdantsev, Yuri] Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Roussetski, Alexei] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Melich, Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lipson, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AN Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Moscow 119991, Russia. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2454-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1029 BP 95 EP 117 PG 23 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAY30 UT WOS:000306024800007 ER PT J AU Jagannathan, S Bertsatos, I Symonds, D Chen, TR Nia, HT Jain, AD Andrews, M Gong, Z Nero, R Ngor, L Jech, M Godo, OR Lee, S Ratilal, P Makris, N AF Jagannathan, Srinivasan Bertsatos, Ioannis Symonds, Deanelle Chen, Tianrun Nia, Hadi Tavakoli Jain, Ankita Deepak Andrews, Mark Gong, Zheng Nero, Redwood Ngor, Lena Jech, Mike Godo, Olav Rune Lee, Sunwoong Ratilal, Purnima Makris, Nicholas TI Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) of marine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem; Acoustic sensing; Instantaneous wide-area; Continuous monitoring; Abundance; Behavior; OAWRS; Remote species classification ID WHITING MICROMESISTIUS-AUSTRALIS; DEPENDENT BENCHMARK PROBLEMS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ENVIRONMENT; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; LONG-RANGE SONAR; ANTARCTIC KRILL; TARGET STRENGTH AB Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) has recently been shown to be capable of instantaneously imaging and continuously monitoring fish populations over continental shelf-scale areas, covering thousands of km(2). We show how OAWRS can be used in a variety of oceanic ecosystems to remotely assess populations and study the behavior of fish and other marine organisms, such as Antarctic krill, to help the study of marine ecology and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. C1 [Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Bertsatos, Ioannis; Symonds, Deanelle; Chen, Tianrun; Nia, Hadi Tavakoli; Jain, Ankita Deepak; Ngor, Lena; Lee, Sunwoong; Makris, Nicholas] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Andrews, Mark; Gong, Zheng; Ratilal, Purnima] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nero, Redwood] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jech, Mike] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Godo, Olav Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Makris, N (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM m.akris@mit.edu RI Gong, Zheng/K-5808-2012; Tavakoli Nia, Hadi/D-6880-2013; OI Nia, Hadi/0000-0003-1970-9901; Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 FU Office of Naval Research; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program, and is a contribution to the Census of Marine Life. NR 158 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 395 BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.3354/meps08266 PG 24 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 541AV UT WOS:000273383900011 ER PT J AU Cadden, DDH Styles, R Subrahmanyam, B AF Cadden, Dara D. H. Styles, Richard Subrahmanyam, Bulusu TI Estimates of Geostrophic Surface Currents in the South Atlantic Bight SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; geostrophic surface currents; Gulf Stream; South Atlantic Bight ID GULF-STREAM VARIABILITY; FLORIDA CURRENT; FRONTAL EDDIES; CAPE-HATTERAS; MEANDERS AB The determination of long-term trends in the behavior of the Gulf Stream is critical to understanding the meridional heat transfer cycle and associated global climate change. In this study, in situ current measurements from cross-stream transects of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) were used in conjunction with satellite altimetry data to obtain accurate estimates of Gulf Stream surface geostrophic current within the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) between 1992 and 2004. Analysis of time series data reveals that the magnitude of the geostrophic flow varies seasonally and that the seasonally averaged velocity was greatest following the intense 1997-1998 El Nino. Because of the relatively small fluctuations in the Gulf Stream's path, our analysis provides a method for accurate, long-term measurements of Gulf Stream currents for this region of the SAB. C1 [Cadden, Dara D. H.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Cadden, Dara D. H.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Styles, Richard] USN, Oceanog Off, Coastal Predict Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cadden, DDH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM dcadden@geol.sc.edu FU NASA [NNG06GJ22G, NNX08AO33G]; South Carolina Space FX We would like to express our gratitude to the crew of the R/V Seward Johnson as well as to Joseph Jurisa, Katy Todora, and Steven Traynum for support in the laboratory. We would like to acknowledge Eelco Doornbos of the Delft University of Technology who provided helpful information on how to work within the format of the Radar Altimeter Database System. This research was supported in part by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program under Grant# NNG06GJ22G and by a South Carolina Space Grant Consortium Graduate Fellowship and NASA Grant# NNX08AO33G. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.1080/01490410903094908 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 502XE UT WOS:000270492900006 ER PT J AU Becker, JJ Sandwell, DT Smith, WHF Braud, J Binder, B Depner, J Fabre, D Factor, J Ingalls, S Kim, SH Ladner, R Marks, K Nelson, S Pharaoh, A Trimmer, R Von Rosenberg, J Wallace, G Weatherall, P AF Becker, J. J. Sandwell, D. T. Smith, W. H. F. Braud, J. Binder, B. Depner, J. Fabre, D. Factor, J. Ingalls, S. Kim, S-H. Ladner, R. Marks, K. Nelson, S. Pharaoh, A. Trimmer, R. Von Rosenberg, J. Wallace, G. Weatherall, P. TI Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Global bathymetry; satellite altimetry ID ERS-1 GEODETIC MISSION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; FLOOR; PREDICTION; TOPOGRAPHY; GEOSAT; OCEAN AB A new 30-arc second resolution global topography/bathymetry grid (SRTM30_PLUS) has been developed from a wide variety of data sources. Land and ice topography comes from the SRTM30 and ICESat topography, respectively. Ocean bathymetry is based on a new satellite-gravity model where the gravity-to-topography ratio is calibrated using 298 million edited soundings. The main contribution of this study is the compilation and editing of the raw soundings, which come from NOAA, individual scientists, SIO, NGA, JAMSTEC, IFREMER, GEBCO, and NAVOCEANO. The gridded bathymetry is available for ftp download in the same format as the 33 tiles of SRTM30 topography. There are 33 matching tiles of source identification number to convey the provenance of every grid cell. The raw sounding data, converted to a simple common format, are also available for ftp download. C1 [Becker, J. J.; Sandwell, D. T.; Binder, B.; Kim, S-H.; Ladner, R.; Nelson, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, W. H. F.; Marks, K.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Braud, J.; Depner, J.; Fabre, D.] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Factor, J.; Ingalls, S.; Trimmer, R.; Von Rosenberg, J.; Wallace, G.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, St Louis, MO USA. [Factor, J.; Ingalls, S.; Trimmer, R.; Von Rosenberg, J.; Wallace, G.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pharaoh, A.] Int Hydrog Bur, Monaco, Monaco. [Weatherall, P.] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Sandwell, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 1102 IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0140]; National Science Foundation [OCE0825045] FX Scott Nelson, Seung-Hee Kim, and Breanna Binder cheerfully edited several hundred million single and multibeam soundings. We thank RADM Christian Andreasen for his guidance and review of the research. This research was partly supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-0140) and the National Science Foundation (OCE0825045). The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 325 Z9 335 U1 6 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 355 EP 371 DI 10.1080/01490410903297766 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 523TT UT WOS:000272098200002 ER PT J AU Kasperski, S Wieland, R AF Kasperski, Stephen Wieland, Robert TI When is it Optimal to Delay Harvesting? The Role of Ecological Services in the Northern Chesapeake Bay Oyster Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fishing moratorium; stock rebuilding; fisheries management; bioeconomic modeling; ecological value; Chesapeake Bay oysters ID OPTIMAL FOREST ROTATION; MARINE RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; HABITAT; EUTROPHICATION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM; RESOURCE; COD AB Despite decades of rebuilding efforts, the population of Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay has fallen to historically low levels. We develop a novel bioeconomic model which includes the value of ecological services provided by oysters in situ to determine the optimal length of a harvest moratorium and a subsequent harvest rate that will maximize the net present value of the oyster resource. Not surprisingly, steady-state stocks and optimal harvest rates are increasing and decreasing in ecological service values, respectively The results also suggest that instituting a harvest moratorium and limiting harvest effort in the fishery can increase the net present value of the resource more than effort limitation alone. C1 [Kasperski, Stephen] USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98012 USA. [Wieland, Robert] Main St Econ, Trappe, MD 21673 USA. RP Kasperski, S (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98012 USA. EM Stephen.Kasperski@noaa.gov; Robert@mainstreeteconomics.com FU NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office; National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors thank Jamie King, Chris Dungan, Doug Lipton, John Horowitz, and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and support. Much of the research on which this paper is based was supported by the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office under their Non-Native Oyster Research Program. A portion of this work was completed while Stephen was a National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Fellow, and he acknowledges their support. The opinions expressed here represent those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The authors are responsible for any errors or omissions. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 361 EP 385 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 550LX UT WOS:000274130400003 ER PT S AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Bingert, JF Reynolds, AP Tang, W Colligan, KJ Wert, JA AF Fonda, Richard W. Knipling, Keith E. Bingert, John F. Reynolds, Anthony P. Tang, Wei Colligan, Kevin J. Wert, John A. BE Rollett, AD TI TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT IN ALUMINUM FRICTION STIR WELDS SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND TEXTURE SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Alcoa Technical Ctr ID GRAIN-STRUCTURE; STAINLESS-STEEL; TORSION; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB This study reveals the development of texture and microstructure that occurs during friction stir welding of two aluminum alloys. Friction stir welds of single crystal aluminum and 2195 aluminum were investigated using a stop-action technique, where the microstructure surrounding the tool was preserved by immediately quenching the weld end upon completion. Plan view sections of these weld terminations reveal that slight variations in the crystallographic orientation within the base material have different susceptibilities to the shear deformation produced by the rotating tool. Similarly, the misorientations generated during subgrain development can also induce variations in the lattice rotation rate. The divergent orientations that develop can have different susceptibilities to both rotation and grain subdivision. Lattice rotations continue until achieving a readily-sheared orientation, after which no further rotation is observed. The final texture that develops near the tool corresponds to the B and (B) over bar components of the simple shear texture. In the 2195 alloy, the deposited weld also exhibits a simple shear texture, but it varies with a periodicity of the tool advance per revolution between a pure B/(B) over bar component and a mixture of the B/(B) over bar and C components. Thus, the development of textures ahead of the tool can be correlated directly to the increasing temperature and shear deformation of those regions, while the periodic texture variations of the deposited weld indicate a systematically varying component in the friction stir welding process. C1 [Fonda, Richard W.; Knipling, Keith E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6356, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bingert, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reynolds, Anthony P.; Tang, Wei] Univ South Carolina, Coll Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Colligan, Kevin J.] Concurrent Technol Corp, Harvest, AL 35749 USA. [Wert, John A.] Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tang, Wei/E-3613-2017 OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-9274-9574 FU Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program from the Belgian State through the Belgian Science Policy agency [IAP6/24] FX Financial support from the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program from the Belgian State through the Belgian Science Policy agency, contract IAP6/24, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-44419-1; 978-0-470-40834-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 200 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BTO68 UT WOS:000287579000012 ER PT B AU McCormick, GH Owen, G AF McCormick, Gordon H. Owen, Guillermo BE Memon, N Farley, JD Hicks, DL Rosenorn, T TI Terrorists and Sponsors. An Inquiry into Trust and Double-Crossing SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN COUNTERTERRORISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We consider the conditions that lead to the dissolution of state-terrorist coalitions. While such coalitions have well known advantages, they also have structural weaknesses that are largely ignored in the literature on the state sponsorship of terrorism. Each player in the coalition has interests that are only partially shared and, in some cases, at odds with those of its partner. Long term cooperation must be based on mutual advantage and mutual trust, both of which are subject to change over time. We examine the conditions that are needed to begin and maintain a cooperative strategy and the circumstances that lead a state and a terrorist group to leave the coalition and double-cross its partner. Equilibrium strategies for both players are defined and interpreted. C1 [McCormick, Gordon H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Owen, Guillermo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gmccormick@nps.edu; gowen@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-211-09441-9 PY 2009 BP 291 EP 308 DI 10.1007/978-3-211-09442-6_17 D2 10.1007/978-3-211-09442-6 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Criminology & Penology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Mathematics GA BLS65 UT WOS:000270952000017 ER PT B AU Melese, F AF Melese, Francois BE Memon, N Farley, JD Hicks, DL Rosenorn, T TI A Brinkmanship Game Theory Model of Terrorism SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN COUNTERTERRORISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This study reveals conditions under which a world leader might credibly issue a brinkmanship threat of preemptive action to deter sovereign states or transnational terrorist organizations from acquiring weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The model consists of two players: the United Nations (UN) "Principal," and a terrorist organization "Agent." The challenge in issuing a brinkmanship threat is that it needs to be sufficiently unpleasant to deter terrorists from acquiring WMD, while not being so repugnant to those that must carry it out that they would refuse to do so. Two "credibility constraints" are derived. The first relates to the unknown terrorist type (Hard or Soft), and the second to acceptable risks ("blowback") to the World community. Graphing the incentive-compatible Nash equilibrium solutions reveals when a brinkmanship threat is credible, and when it is not - either too weak to be effective, or unacceptably dangerous to the World community. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, DRMI, Monterey, CA USA. RP Melese, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, DRMI, Monterey, CA USA. EM fmelese@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-211-09441-9 PY 2009 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/978-3-211-09442-6_19 D2 10.1007/978-3-211-09442-6 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Criminology & Penology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Mathematics GA BLS65 UT WOS:000270952000019 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Alexander, DJ AF Choi, Sung R. Alexander, Donald J. BE Salem, J Hilmas, G Fahrenholtz, W Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN AN OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING OF CERAMIC BINARY,TERNARY, AND COMPOSITE SYSTEMS SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; SURFACES; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) behavior of an oxide/oxide (N720/AS) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was determined at ambient temperature using impact velocities ranging from 100 to 400 m/s by 1.59-mm diameter steel ball projectiles. Two different support configurations of target specimens were used: fully supported and partially supported. For the fully supported configuration, frontal contact stress played a major role in generating composite damage, while for the partially supported case both frontal contact and backside flexure stresses were the combined sources of damage generation. The material beneath impact site was compacted in conjunction with the formation of cone cracks. Unlike monolithic silicon nitrides, the oxide/oxide composite did not show any catastrophic failure even at the highest impact velocity of 400 m/s, showing damage tolerance greater in the composite than in silicon nitrides. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Alexander, Donald J.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34492-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1002/9780470456361.ch16 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJE30 UT WOS:000265134900016 ER PT J AU Mott, DR Howell, PB Obenschain, KS Oran, ES AF Mott, David R. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Obenschain, Keith S. Oran, Elaine S. TI The Numerical Toolbox: An approach for modeling and optimizing microfluidic components SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Microfluidics; CFD; Design; Optimization; Toolbox; Genetic algorithm; Surface delivery; Mixing ID MIXER; MICROMIXERS; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATION; DESIGN; FLOW AB A suite of numerical algorithms called the Toolbox has been designed to model the flow of low-velocity liquids and gases through microfluidic components. High-resolution, three-dimensional flow is precomputed for a set of basic geometrical features using traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. Then, for each geometric feature, an advection map is stored that encapsulates the net transport generated by the feature in a way that can be retrieved efficiently. Then the Toolbox retrieves and combines data from the library of advection maps to predict the transport through complex components that combine these geometric features. The speed-up relative to traditional CFD approaches enables automated design and optimization based on user-specified performance criteria without requiring the user to specify an initial prototype design. The basic Toolbox approach is described here, and an example is presented for optimizing surface delivery in a device designed to detect TNT in seawater. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mott, David R.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Obenschain, Keith S.; Oran, Elaine S.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, DR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6404,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.mott@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X FU [NRL 6.2] FX This work is sponsored by NRL 6.2 Work Unit 64-6113-0-8. The authors would like to thank Carolyn Kaplan, Joel Golden, and Fran Ligler and for their contributions to this program. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent opinion or policy of the US Navy, Department of Defense, or Federal Government. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2008.07.001 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 416IP UT WOS:000263999700013 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI The Naval Research Laboratory MEM Adaptive Optics Program SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics III CY JAN 27-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt, Texas Instruments Inc, NanoInk, Inc, Ozen Engn Inc, Natl Sci Fdn Sci & Technol AB The Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) is the longest baseline at visible wavelengths interferometer in the world. The astronomical capabilities of such an instrument are being exploited and recent results will be presented. NPOI is also the largest optical telescope belonging to the US Department of Defense with a maximum baseline of 435 meter has a resolution that is approximately 181 times the resolution attainable by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and 118 times the resolution attainable by the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS). It is also the only optical interferometer capable of recombining up to six apertures simultaneously. The NPOI is a sparse aperture and its sensitivity is limited by the size of the unit aperture, currently that size is 0.5 meters. In order to increase the overall sensitivity of the instrument a program was started to manufacture larger, 1.4 meter, ultra-light telescopes. The lightness of the telescopes requirement is due to the fact that telescopes have to be easily transportable in order to reconfigure the array. For this reason a program was started three years ago to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) telescopes, including the optics. Furthermore, since the unit apertures are now much larger than r(0) there is a need to compensate the aperture with adaptive optics (AO). Since the need for mobility of the telescopes, compact AO systems, based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), have been developed. This paper will present the status of our adaptive optics system and some of the results attained so far with it. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7455-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7209 AR 72090F DI 10.1117/12.812117 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSQ09 UT WOS:000285333600012 ER PT J AU Giles, TL Oh-Ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Swaminathan, S Mahoney, MW McNelley, TR AF Giles, Tanya L. Oh-Ishi, Keiichiro Zhilyaev, Alexander P. Swaminathan, Srinivasan Mahoney, Murray W. McNelley, Terry R. TI The Effect of Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Aluminum Lithium Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LI-CU ALLOYS; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; TRANSFORMATIONS; PHASE AB Friction stir processing (FSP) was conducted on a wrought plate of AA2099 to re. ne and homogenize the microstructure and enhance the through-thickness ductility and fracture resistance. Optical microscopy (OM), orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods were employed to evaluate microstructure and microtexture in as-received material and in material subjected to FSP as well as postprocessing heat treatments. Hardness and orientation-dependent tensile test data were combined with anticlastic bending fatigue data to characterize the as-received, processed, and processed and heat-treated conditions of the material. C1 [Giles, Tanya L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Machinery Branch, Marine Safety Ctr, Washington, DC 20593 USA. [Zhilyaev, Alexander P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mahoney, Murray W.] Teledyne Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [McNelley, Terry R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Naval Research [N0001406-WR-2-0196] FX The authors acknowledge the partial support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Dr. Leo Christodoulou, program monitor, and the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N0001406-WR-2-0196), Dr Julie Christodoulou, program monitor. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40A IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9698-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 379QS UT WOS:000261411900010 ER PT B AU Clapp, AR Mattoussi, H Medintz, IL AF Clapp, Aaron R. Mattoussi, Hedi Medintz, Igor L. BE Rege, K Medintz, IL TI Self-Assembled QD-Protein Bioconjugates and Their Use in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer SO METHODS IN BIOENGINEERING: NANOSCALE BIOENGINEERING AND NANOMEDICINE SE Artech House Methods in Bioengineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE quantum dots; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; organic dyes; biosensing; fluorescence spectroscopy ID ZNS QUANTUM DOTS; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; FLUOROPHORES; MICROSCOPY; LIGANDS; DONORS; CELLS AB Due to their unique size, chemical composition, and optical properties, quantum dots (QDs) provide a flexible platform for developing FRET-based applications in biology. In this chapter we present methods for preparing water soluble QDs, stably attaching biomolecules to their surface, and performing experiments that utilize fluorescence resonance energy transfer as a signal transduction mechanism. The protocols are presented in a generalized format that are applicable to a variety of potential uses including sensitive detection of analytes in solution, measuring enzymatic activity, quantifying distances, and observing molecular rearrangements. Special considerations for using QDs as FRET donors are highlighted throughout including unique features of data analysis and interpretation. C1 [Clapp, Aaron R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM clapp@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-410-8 J9 ARTECH HSE METH BIOE JI Art. Hse. Meth. Bioengr. Ser. PY 2009 BP 53 EP 74 PG 22 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ87 UT WOS:000269709900004 ER PT J AU Kanipes, MI Guerry, P AF Kanipes, Margaret I. Guerry, Patricia BE Moran, AP Holst, O Brennan, PJ VonItzstein, M TI Role of microbial glycosylation in host cell invasion SO MICROBIAL GLYCOBIOLOGY: STRUCTURES, RELEVANCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Lipopolysaccharides; Lipo-oligosaccharides; Capsules; Capsular polysaccharide; Glycoproteins; Campylobacter; Salmonella; Invasion; Pathogenesis; Virulence ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI 81-176; NONTYPABLE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CHICK GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; DEEP-ROUGH MUTANT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STRUCTURE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AB Gram-negative bacteria possess a number of cell surface glycans that can play variable roles in pathogenesis. This chapter will discuss the role of surface carbohydrate structures in the ability of several invasive Gram-negative pathogens to interact with host cells. The role of microbial glycosylation systems, including lipopolysaccharides, lipo-oligosaccharides, capsular polysaccharides and glycoproteins, in host cell invasion of bacteria will be compared. Discussion of glycosylation systems that are covered in other chapters will be minimized and emphasis will be on selected, representative invasive organisms, particularly Campylobacter jejuni. C1 [Kanipes, Margaret I.] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC USA. [Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kanipes, MI (reprint author), North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC USA. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092324-6 PY 2009 BP 871 EP 883 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BEO65 UT WOS:000317593200045 ER PT B AU Caldwell, J Robertson, C AF Caldwell, James Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI M-ARY HYPER PHASE-SHIFT KEYING WITH REED SOLOMON ENCODING AND SOFT DECISION RELIABILITY INFORMATION SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE bandwidth efficiency; orthonormal; phase-shift keying; probability of bit error; forward error correction ID CODES AB Reed Solomon (RS) forward error correction (FEC) coding in conjunction with M-ary hyper phase-shift keying (MHPSK) and soft decision decoding is considered in order to improve the robustness of a high spectral efficiency, non-linear satellite communications link. In this paper, a system that utilizes RS encoding of the information symbols which are then transmitted with MHPSK is evaluated in terms of probability of bit error and spectral efficiency. Using standard RS hard decision decoding, the receiver either correctly decodes the received block or returns a decoding failure. In the event of a decoding failure, soft decision reliability information is used to identify received code symbols with a low probability of being correctly received and to generate new code symbol estimates that are used in the traditional RS decoding algorithm. Because the majority of decoding failures are caused when the total number of code symbol errors exceeds the error correction capability t of the RS code by only a few symbols, only a few code symbols must be corrected in order to successfully decode the received block. The performance of this system is compared to a two-subcarrier OFDM system with either 8-PSK or 8-QAM on each subcarrier and single carrier 8-PSK where the data bits are encoded with the Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) standard rate 0.83 low density parity check (LDPC) code. The MHPSK system with RS encoding and soft decision decoding, the two-subcarrier OFDM system with either 8-QAM or 8-PSK on each subcarrier with LDPC encoding, and single carrier 8-PSK with LDPC encoding are compared in terms of probability of bit error, peak-to-average power ratio, amplifier backoff and spectral efficiency for very long block lengths. C1 [Caldwell, James; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900012 ER PT S AU Rupar, M Glancy, J Egg, B AF Rupar, Michael Glancy, John Egg, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Implementation of an FPGA-Based Modem for UAV Surveillance Applications SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the capability of carrying sensors that produce large amounts of data. A high speed wireless data link is required to transfer this data to other systems for processing. This paper presents an FPGA-based implementation of a high data-rate (350 Mbps) QPSK modulator and demodulator to support a high data rate relay from a UAV to a ground station. By using high speed ADCs and DACs in conjunction with state of the art FPGAs it is possible to implement all signal processing functions necessary in a modem. We will present the architecture and methodologies used for both the modulator and demodulator and discuss how these algorithms are implemented in an FPGA. C1 [Rupar, Michael; Glancy, John] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Egg, Benjamin] Fred Harris & Assoc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Rupar, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 102 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900015 ER PT B AU Lekkakos, D Kragh, F Robertson, C AF Lekkakos, Dimitrios Kragh, Frank Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of a LINK-16 Compatible Waveform Using Errors-and-Erasures Decoding When Corrupted by Pulse-Noise Interference SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB The Link-16 is the tactical data link utilized by the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). The JTIDS system is important due to its wide use by U.S. armed forces, NATO, and other allied militaries. Link-16 is a hybrid frequency-hopped/direct sequence spread spectrum system that utilizes minimum-shift keying (MSK) to modulate the chips, cyclical code-shift keying (CCSK) to modulate the 32-chip symbols, and a (31, 15) Reed Solomon (RS) code with hard decision decoding (HDD) for forward error correction (FEC). This paper analyzes an alternative waveform compatible with the existing Link-16 which uses orthogonal modulation such as Walsh codes vice CCSK and errors-and-erasures decoding (FED) vice hard decision decoding. Both of these modifications are suggested for enhanced bit error rate (BER) performance. Orthogonal modulation for Link-16 with HDD has been explored before 11114 121 shows that the proposed alternative waveform outperforms the Link-16 waveform slightly when HDD is used. This paper reveals potential further improvement through the use of EED. Currently, the Link-16 waveform is received noncoherently at the chip level, but in this paper the performance of the alternative Link-16-compatible waveform is evaluated for coherent as well as for noncoherent demodulation in order to ascertain the performance possible if coherent demodulation becomes practical. The performance of the alternative waveform for the relatively benign case where additive white Gaussian noise is the only noise present as well as when pulse-noise interference, is present is investigated for both coherent and noncoherent demodulation. C1 [Lekkakos, Dimitrios; Kragh, Frank; Robertson, Clark] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lekkakos, D (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900028 ER PT S AU Kao, CH Robertson, C Kragh, F AF Kao, Chi-Han Robertson, Clark Kragh, Frank GP IEEE TI Performance of a JTIDS-type Waveform with Errors-and-Erasures Decoding in Pulsed-Noise Interference SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Errors-and-erasures decoding (EED); Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS); Link-16; pulsed-noise interference (PNI); probability of symbol error AB The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) is the Link-16 communication terminal. JTIDS is a hybrid direct sequence/frequency-hopping spread spectrum system and features Reed-Solomon (RS) codes for channel coding. In this paper, the performance with an errors-and-erasures decoder (EED) in the JTIDS receiver is evaluated by a combination of analysis and simulation assuming perfect frequency dehopping, chip sequence synchronization, chip synchronization, and chip descrambling. Furthermore, maximum-likelihood chip detection is assumed rather than maximum-likelihood chip-sequence detection since the former represents a more practical assumption for a JTIDS-type signal. The probability of symbol error of a JTIDS-type waveform is evaluated for both the single- and the double-pulse structure in both additive white Gaussian noise and pulsed-noise interference. The results obtained with EED are compared to those obtained with errors-only RS decoding. In all cases considered, EED outperforms errors-only RS decoding in terms of probability of symbol error. C1 [Kao, Chi-Han] Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. [Robertson, Clark; Kragh, Frank] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kao, CH (reprint author), Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900048 ER PT S AU Nguyen, GD Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI COOPERATION FOR TRANSMISSION SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE ID DIVERSITY; PROTOCOLS AB We study the use of node cooperation as a way to improve performance in multiple-source, single-destination wireless networks that use scheduled access as the channel-access method. Unlike many other studies of scheduled access, which are based on the use of a collision channel, we use a physical channel model that incorporates other-user interference, fading, and background noise. The characteristics of such channels are exploited to enable the successful reception of multiple packets simultaneously. Our primary performance measure is throughput, which is the average number of packets that are successfully received by the destination per time slot. First, we study the performance of transmission schedules, which depends on channel fading, receiver noise, and interference. We then show that a cooperative strategy, based on the introduction of a relay to assist unsuccessful source nodes, can improve the throughput. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 786 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900115 ER PT S AU Kang, MH Li, M Montrose, B Khashnobish, A Elliott, S Bell, M Pieper, S AF Kang, Myong H. Li, Margery Montrose, Bruce Khashnobish, Amitabh Elliott, Scott Bell, Mike Pieper, Steven GP IEEE TI OVERVIEW OF THE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OF THE COMPREHENSIVE MARITIME AWARENESS SYSTEM SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB The Comprehensive Maritime Awareness (CMA) system tries to identify anomalous behavior and potential threats associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the United States and coalition partners' security. It analyzes data from multiple sources that impose different data handling requirements, to discover potential threats. Security architecture and mechanisms are essential enablers for data sharing. More data stewards will share their data when they feel secure with the data protection mechanism of the system that will host their data. Critical technologies for data protection and access mediation for CMA are Oracle label security (OLS) and attribute-based access control (ABAC) based on federated identity management. Federated identity providers use security assertion markup language (SAME) 2.0 as a protocol to exchange user identity and attributes. This paper provides a high-level overview of the CMA security architecture. It explains how different security mechanisms seamlessly work together to protect data and mediate access. C1 [Kang, Myong H.; Li, Margery; Montrose, Bruce; Khashnobish, Amitabh] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Elliott, Scott; Bell, Mike; Pieper, Steven] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1512 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901020 ER PT S AU Ivanic, N Rivera, B Adamson, B AF Ivanic, Natalie Rivera, Brian Adamson, Brian GP IEEE TI MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK EMULATION ENVIRONMENT SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB To support research in wireless mobile ad hoc networks, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have worked jointly to establish an advanced emulation environment. A key component is a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network emulation testbed where algorithms and applications can be subjected to representative wireless network conditions. The testbed is based on a version of the "MANE" (Mobile Ad hoc Network Emulator) software originally developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Consulting & Engineering Next Generation Networks (CENGEN) has enhanced MANE by implementing a modular, extensible architecture which allows advanced modeling methods and computing technologies to be incorporated into the environment. This paper discuses the current capabilities of Mobile Network Emulation for conducting empirical evaluation and demonstration of MANET technologies and is organized into 5 sections: (1) introduction to the role of emulation in network modeling, (2) mobile network emulators background (3) emulation system components (4) future plans and (5) conclusions. C1 [Ivanic, Natalie; Rivera, Brian] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Adamson, Brian] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ivanic, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1690 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901046 ER PT B AU Macker, JP AF Macker, Joseph P. GP IEEE TI Distributed Connected Dominating Set Election from Uniform Random to Power Law Network Graphs SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB This work describes an analysis of applying different election heuristics to connected dominated set (CDS) algorithms within different topological graph taxonomies. Our initial motivation for this study was a general observation that a significant amount of research in mobile ad hoc network (manet) algorithm design and related election heuristic evaluation is based upon geometric random or other types of uniform random network models. Our hypothesis is that small world or scale-free network topology analysis can result in significantly different design feedback that may be suppressed by exclusive use of uniform random analysis. Previous research has shown that power law based networks more accurately represent types of real world and social networks and we believe it is important to understand the potential tradeoffs in distributed algorithm design for self-organizing networks beyond traditional random network models. We provide a concrete example by applying the existing specification for the essential-CDS algorithm used within the mobile ad hoc network (manet) Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF) and the OSPF Extensions for MA NET MDR approach. We model random, small world, and power law based network types based upon well known models. We demonstrate that the network graph taxonomy used in modeling affects the design analysis such as understanding the resulting effectiveness of various distributed election heuristics. Future work is planned to extend these initial results to more dynamic analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1827 EP 1833 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901067 ER PT B AU Zajic, AG AF Zajic, Alenka G. GP IEEE TI Effects of Mutual Coupling on Capacity of MIMO Vehicle-to-vehicle Systems SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE ID MOBILE CHANNELS; SIMULATION; NETWORK AB This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3-D) model for narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MEMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V-to-V) multipath fading channels that accounts for mutual coupling among both, transmit and receive antenna elements. This model is used to evaluate the effect of mutual coupling on the antenna element patterns and capacity of MIMO V-to-V systems in a variety of urban environments(1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zajic, AG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2106 EP 2110 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901109 ER PT S AU Danilov, C Henderson, TR Goff, T Kim, JH Macker, J Weston, J Neogi, N Ortiz, A Uhlig, D AF Danilov, Claudiu Henderson, Thomas R. Goff, Thomas Kim, Jae H. Macker, Joseph Weston, Jeff Neogi, Natasha Ortiz, Andres Uhlig, Daniel GP IEEE TI Experiment and Field Demonstration of a 802.11-based Ground-UAV Mobile Ad-Hoc Network SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB This paper describes a field demonstration and presents the network performance of an 802.11 ground-UAV network composed of 11 ground stations, a mobile vehicle and two fixed wing UAVs, connected by two routing gateways to a legacy wired network. The network effects demonstrated include mobility, network partitions and merges, and gateway failovers. The paper presents experimental results for recorded data traffic and for the state of the routing protocols, with the mobile nodes participating as sources of data traffic. C1 [Danilov, Claudiu; Henderson, Thomas R.; Goff, Thomas; Kim, Jae H.] Boeing Res & Technol, POB 3707,MC 7L-49, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Macker, Joseph; Weston, Jeff] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neogi, Natasha; Ortiz, Andres; Uhlig, Daniel] 306 Talbot Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Danilov, C (reprint author), Boeing Res & Technol, POB 3707,MC 7L-49, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [NOOOI4-05-C-0012]; Boeing IRD FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research contract NOOOI4-05-C-0012 and also by Boeing IR&D and capital funds. Phil Spagnolo and Ian Chakeres contributed to software used in the demonstration. The authors would like to thank Dr. Santanu Das (ONR Program Manager) for his support. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2667 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901191 ER PT J AU Biggs, RL Douglas, BH O'Boyle, AL Rieg, TS AF Biggs, R. Lee Douglas, Brad H. O'Boyle, Amy L. Rieg, Thomas S. TI The Impact of Pregnancy on the Individual and Military Organization: A Postpartum Active Duty Survey SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Using a postpartum survey, comparing singles to married, we sought to expand existing information on pregnancy occurring among active duty service women. The study instrument was a 59-question survey distributed in the initial 24 hours postpartum and collected prior to discharge. The majority affirmed that pregnancy had not changed career plans. Singles did not consider their commands supportive during pregnancy, (p = .04). Eighty-two percent of pregnancies among singles were unplanned, (p = .006). The majority of single pregnancies occurred while assigned to operational units, (p = .004); and during their first enlistment, (p < .001). Three-quarters of all singles required Women Infants and Children (WIC) financial support, (p < .001); and fewer fathers were, or planned to be involved, (p < .001). Unplanned pregnancy, contraceptive failure, and pregnancy complications highlight areas of organizational and individual concern warranting further study among active duty. C1 [Biggs, R. Lee] US Naval Hosp Guam, Dept Ob Gyn, FPO, AP 96538 USA. [O'Boyle, Amy L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Ob Gyn, Div Urogynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Rieg, Thomas S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Command Clin Invest & Res Div, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Biggs, RL (reprint author), US Naval Hosp Guam, Dept Ob Gyn, PSC 490,Box 9025, FPO, AP 96538 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 174 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LN UT WOS:000278061100011 PM 19216300 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Reber, DN AF Royset, Johannes O. Reber, Daniel N. TI Optimized Routing of Unmanned Aerial Systems for the Interdiction of Improvised Explosive Devices SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEAM ORIENTEERING PROBLEM AB The paper describes an optimization-based tool for selecting routes that will best employ unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for the purpose of detecting improvised explosive devices (IEDs) or related activity. The routing tool uses preprocessing procedures, an integer linear program, and an IED prediction model to direct UASs to sectors of the area of operations with high IED activity, while accounting for factors such as winds, aircraft de-confliction, and blue force activity. Initial evaluation of the routing tool through field experiments with actual UASs suggests that the tool produces realistic routes, which can be flown in the allocated amount of time, even under windy conditions. C1 [Royset, Johannes O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu; daniel.n.reber@usmc.mil FU Naval Postgraduate School; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USSOCOM; Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to Dr. David Netzer, Naval Postgraduate School, Mr. Jack Keane, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USSOCOM, and the Office of Naval Research for supporting this research project. The authors also greatly appreciate the invaluable input received from Major M. Scioletti and Professors R. Dell, G. Bradley, and M. Kress of the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 5 EP 19 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 572DR UT WOS:000275808000001 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Wood, RK Morton, DP AF Salmeron, Javier Wood, R. Kevin Morton, David P. TI A Stochastic Program For Optimizing Military Sealift Subject To Attack SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; AIRLIFT; MODELS; ASSET AB We describe a stochastic program for planning the wartime, sealift deployment of military cargo that is subject to attack. The cargo moves on ships from U.S. or allied seaports of embarkation, to seaports of debarkation (SPODs) near the theater of war where it is unloaded and sent on to final, in-theater destinations. The question we ask is: Can a deployment-planning model, with probabilistic information on the time and location of potential enemy attacks on SPODs, successfully hedge against those attacks? That is, can this information be used to reduce the expected disruption caused by such attacks? We develop a specialized, stochastic mixed-integer program whose solutions answer that question in the affirmative for realistic deployment data. Furthermore, compared to the optimal deterministic solution, the stochastic solution incurs only a minor "disruption penalty" when no attack occurs, and outcomes for worst-case scenarios are better. Insight gained from the stochastic-programming approach also points to possible improvements in current, rule-based, scheduling methods. C1 [Salmeron, Javier; Wood, R. Kevin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Morton, David P.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsalmero@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu; morton@mail.utexas.edu RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0217927]; State of Texas Advanced Research Program [003658-0405-1999]; National Research Council; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank the students at the Naval Postgraduate School whose research has provided the foundation for our work: Tammy Glaser, Steven Aviles, Michael Theres, Christopher Alexander and Loh Long Piao. David Morton's research was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DMI-0217927 and by the State of Texas Advanced Research Program through grant #003658-0405-1999. Javier Salmeron's research was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. Kevin Wood's research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors also thank two anonymous referees for suggestions that have improved the paper. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 BP 19 EP 39 PG 21 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 514XT UT WOS:000271430800002 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Carlyle, WM Wood, RK AF Royset, Johannes O. Carlyle, W. Matthew Wood, R. Kevin TI Routing Military Aircraft With A Constrained Shortest-Path Algorithm SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLOBALLY OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES; LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS; NETWORK; RISK AB We formulate and solve aircraft-routing problems that arise when planning missions for military aircraft that are Subject to ground-based threats such as surface-to-air missiles. We use a constrained shortest-path (CSP) model that discretizes the relevant airspace into a grid of vertices representing potential waypoints, and connects those vertices with directed edges to represent potential flight segments. The model is flexible: It can route any type of manned or unmanned aircraft; it can incorporate any number of threats; and it can incorporate, in the objective function or as side constraints, numerous mission-specific metrics such as risk, fuel consumption, and flight time. We apply a new algorithm for solving the CSP problem and present computational results for the routing of a high-altitude F/A-18 strike group, and the routing of a medium-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle. The objectives minimize risk from ground-based threats while constraints limit fuel consumption and/or flight time. Run times to achieve a near-optimal solution range from fractions of a second to 80 seconds on a personal computer. We also demonstrate that our methods easily extend to handle turn-radius constraints and round-trip routing. Composite Group: Advances in Military OR. C1 [Royset, Johannes O.; Carlyle, W. Matthew] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu; mcarlyle@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this research. The authors are also grateful for information on air-mission planning obtained in discussions with Lieutenant Commanders Vic Bindi, Christopher Landon, and Chris McCarthy, and Major Brian Zacherl. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 31 EP 52 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 541NQ UT WOS:000273422800002 ER PT J AU Dean, E Aspinwall, KR Schwerin, MJ Kendrick, DE Bourne, MJ AF Dean, Elizabeth Aspinwall, Kimberly R. Schwerin, Michael J. Kendrick, Douglas E. Bourne, Mark J. TI Multi-Iteration Usability Testing of the US Navy's Performance Management System SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROCEDURAL JUSTICE; TURNOVER AB The U. S. Navy has undertaken the second of two iterations of usability testing for the Navy's Human Performance Feedback and Development (HPFD) and ePerformance system. This second of two iterations included 34 officer and enlisted supervisors and nonsupervisors in usability testing conducted at three Navy locations-Naval Meteorology and Oceanographic Center (NAVMETOCCEN) Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia; USS HOWARD (DDG 83) in San Diego, California; and the Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS) in Arlington, Virginia. Each participant completed a usability test scenario in addition to pretest and posttest surveys designed to obtain Navy personnel's subjective impressions of the HPFD and ePerformance systems. Results from analyses comparing data from Iteration 1 (reported in Schwerin, Dean, Robbins, Bourne, & Reed, 2006) and Iteration 2 (reported in Dean, Aspinwall, Schwerin,& Kendrick, 2006) show an overall reduction in user burden (e. g., fewer errors and less time to complete usability tasks) and increased user satisfaction (e. g., more satisfied with the professionalism, efficiency, and overall effectiveness). These findings indicate that the Navy HPFD and ePerformance systems are easier to use but, more generally, results support the value and effectiveness of usability in human systems integration (HSI) and usability testing. Recommendations for system refinement, policy development, and implementation planning are discussed. C1 [Dean, Elizabeth; Aspinwall, Kimberly R.; Schwerin, Michael J.; Kendrick, Douglas E.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bourne, Mark J.] USN, Human Performance Ctr N5, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Schwerin, MJ (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schwerin@rti.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1080/08995600802574688 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 427AQ UT WOS:000264752300009 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Alderton, DL Farmer, WL Highfill-McRoy, R AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Alderton, David L. Farmer, William L. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn TI Risk Factors for Misconduct in a Navy Sample SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIRSCHIS GENERAL-THEORY; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE USE; SELF-CONTROL; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; SENSATION SEEKING; CRIME; CHILDHOOD; ADOLESCENCE; IMPULSIVITY AB Understanding antisocial behavior and organizational misconduct is an important objective, because these maladaptive behaviors are disruptive and costly to organizations and to society as a whole. The objective of this study was to identify psychosocial risk factors for misconduct and antisocial behavior in a sample of Navy personnel. A group of sailors (n = 158) who had engaged in significant misconduct were compared with a demographically similar group of sailors (n = 288) who had not engaged in misconduct and who were in good standing with the Navy. The psychosocial variables that emerged as the most important risk factors for antisocial behavior were alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42), high impulsivity (OR = 2.20), high trait hostility (OR = 1.79), and antisocial behavior of friends (OR = 1.65). The implications of these results for the military and for research on antisocial behavior are discussed. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie; Larson, Gerald E.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 252 EP 269 AR PII 910065845 DI 10.1080/08995600902768776 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 427AR UT WOS:000264752400008 ER PT J AU Sitzmann, T Brown, KG Ely, K Kraiger, K Wisher, RA AF Sitzmann, Traci Brown, Kenneth G. Ely, Katherine Kraiger, Kurt Wisher, Robert A. TI A Cyclical Model of Motivational Constructs in Web-Based Courses SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS; NOMOLOGICAL NETWORK; PERFORMANCE; ATTITUDES; METAANALYSIS; WORK AB The current study investigates antecedents and outcomes of motivation to learn across nine Web-based courses. The results supported a cyclical model of motivational processes across courses in a training curriculum. Trainees' course expectations had a positive effect on motivation to learn, motivation to learn had a positive effect on trainee reactions, and trainee reactions predicted expectations for subsequent courses in the curriculum. In addition, motivation to learn decreased across the nine courses such that the average level of motivation was 0.30 points lower (on a 5-point scale) for the ninth than the first course. Agreeableness predicted changes in motivation to learn such that motivation decreased at a steeper rate for highly agreeable trainees across courses. The results suggest that there is a dynamic interplay among motivational constructs over time, and motivation should be examined from a systems perspective to understand carryover effects across training courses. C1 [Sitzmann, Traci; Ely, Katherine] Adv Distributed Learning Co Lab, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. [Brown, Kenneth G.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Kraiger, Kurt] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wisher, Robert A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sitzmann, T (reprint author), Adv Distributed Learning Co Lab, 1901 N Beauregard St,Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. EM traci.sitzmann.ctr@adlnet.gov RI Brown, Kenneth/A-5844-2008 OI Brown, Kenneth/0000-0001-9428-9420 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 534 EP 551 DI 10.1080/08995600903206479 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AP UT WOS:000274640200007 ER PT J AU Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS Stander, VA Merrill, LL AF Crouch, Julie L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Milner, Joel S. Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. TI Heterosexual Intimate Partner Violence among Navy Personnel: Gender Differences in Incidence and Consequences SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; PERPETRATION; CONFLICT; SCALES AB This study examined the incidence and consequences of receipt of intimate partner violence (IPV) as reported by 1,035 (576 female and 459 male) Navy personnel during their second year of service. Overall, 21.1% of respondents reported that they had been victims of some form of IPV during their second year of service, of which 10.5% of respondents experienced moderate IPV only and 10.6% experienced severe (with or without moderate) IPV. Women reported experiencing higher rates of moderate IPV only (12.2 vs. 8.2% of men), whereas men reported higher rates of severe IPV (16.7 vs. 6.2% of women). With regard to injury, slightly more female (54%) than male (45%) IPV victims reported one or more forms of injury. Male victims, compared with female victims, were more likely to report that they were restraining their partner or had touched their partner in a sexual way prior to their partners' violence. After controlling for pre-military levels of trauma symptoms, women with past-year experiences of IPV, compared with those with no past-year IPV, had significantly higher levels of all 10 types of trauma symptoms assessed; for men, IPV was associated with significantly higher scores on all trauma symptom scales except for those related to sexual concerns/behaviors. C1 [Crouch, Julie L.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Stander, Valerie A.; Merrill, Lex L.] USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crouch, JL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jcrouch@niu.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 SU 2 BP S1 EP S15 DI 10.1080/08995600903249065 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AL UT WOS:000274639700001 ER PT J AU Roberts, N AF Roberts, Nancy BE Loo, B TI Transforming organizational culture Lessons learned from a systems perspective SO MILITARY TRANSFORMATION AND STRATEGY: REVOLUTIONS IN MILITARY AFFAIRS AND SMALL STATES SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Roberts, Nancy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Roberts, Nancy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roberts, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-89182-7 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2009 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMU74 UT WOS:000273614000012 ER PT S AU Singh, G Ableiter, D AF Singh, Gurminder Ableiter, Dirk BE Loffler, J Klann, M TI TwiddleNet: Smartphones as Personal Content Servers for First Responders SO MOBILE RESPONSE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Information Technology for Emergency Response CY MAY 29-30, 2008 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Intelligent Anal & Informat Syst, Fraunhofer Inst Appl Informat Tehcnol DE Emergency Services; Military Information Systems; Distributed Information Systems AB TwiddleNet uses smartphones as personal servers to enable instant content capture and dissemination for first-responders. It supports the information sharing needs of first responders in the early stages of an emergency response operation. In TwiddleNet, content, once captured, is automatically tagged and disseminated using one of the several networking channels available in smartphones. TwiddleNet pays special attention to minimizing the equipment, network set-up time, and content capture and dissemination effort. It can support small teams of emergency responders in the first 48-72 hours of an emergency response by using smartphone-based infrastructure and scale up to handle a much larger number of users with a more robust backend. C1 [Singh, Gurminder; Ableiter, Dirk] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gsingh@nps.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00439-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5424 BP 130 EP 137 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJB58 UT WOS:000264553500013 ER PT S AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, Doron Shing, Man-Tak BE Schurr, A Selic, B TI Using UML Statecharts with Knowledge Logic Guards SO MODEL DRIVEN ENGINEERING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Denver, CO SP ACM, Springer, IEEE, Aerospace DE K-statechart; knowledge-logic; adaptive behavior; formal specification; runtime verification AB This paper describes all extension of UML statecharts, called K-statechart, suitable for the formal specification, modeling, and runtime verification of system behavior chat depends on knowledge and belief in distributed multi-agent systems. With K-statecharts, statechart transition guards allow the use of knowledge-logic formulae. a. form of modal logic; sed for reasoning about multi-agent systems. We demonstrate the proposed formalism tiling an example of a multi-agent system bat consists of three traffic-light controllers. We also describe a newly developed K-statechart code generator that is part of the StateRover Eclipse-IDE plug-in for statechart-based modeling and formal specification. C1 [Drusinsky, Doron; Shing, Man-Tak] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-04424-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5795 BP 586 EP 590 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BND12 UT WOS:000274189300044 ER PT J AU Boyum, RD Elliot, JN Sexton, MJ AF Boyum, R. D. Elliot, J. N. Sexton, M. J. TI Sudden Postpartum Death: An Unexpected Complication of Neurofibromatosis SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 98th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 07-13, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USN, Hosp Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. USN, Hlth Clin Cherry Point, Cherry Point, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 BP 5A EP 5A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 393KF UT WOS:000262371500008 ER PT J AU Boyum, RD Brooks, MA Luster, JS Ruiz, BI AF Boyum, R. D. Brooks, M. A. Luster, J. S. Ruiz, B. I. TI Adopting Automated Gel Testing In a Small Community Hospital Blood Bank: More Positive Antibody Screens and Failure to Accurately Type a Rare CISAB Genotype SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 98th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 07-13, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 [Boyum, R. D.; Brooks, M. A.; Luster, J. S.; Ruiz, B. I.] Naval Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 MA 1721 BP 380A EP 380A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 393KF UT WOS:000262371501719 ER PT B AU Tama, M AF Tama, Mario BE Trechsel, HR Bomberg, MT TI Quality Management in Design and Construction of the Building Envelope SO MOISTURE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS: THE KEY FACTOR IN MOLD PREVENTION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tama, Mario] USN, Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-7004-9 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2009 IS MNL18 BP 493 EP 566 D2 10.1520/MNL18_2ND-EB PG 74 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BWN61 UT WOS:000294327700026 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS AF Goerss, James S. TI Impact of Satellite Observations on the Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SCHEME; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; CONVECTION AB The tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) were evaluated for a number of data assimilation experiments conducted using observational data from two periods: 4 July-31 October 2005 and 1 August-30 September 2006. The experiments were designed to illustrate the impact of different types of satellite observations on the NOGAPS TC track forecasts. The satellite observations assimilated in these experiments consisted of feature-track winds from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites, Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) total column precipitable water and wind speeds, Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiances, and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) and European Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) scatterometer winds. There were some differences between the results from basin to basin and from year to year, but the combined results for the 2005 and 2006 test periods for the North Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins indicated that the assimilation of the feature-track winds from the geostationary satellites had the most impact, ranging from 7% to 24% improvement in NOGAPS TC track forecasts. This impact was statistically significant at all forecast lengths. The impact of the assimilation of SSM/I precipitable water was consistently positive and statistically significant at all forecast lengths. The improvements resulting from the assimilation of AMSU-A radiances were also consistently positive and significant at most forecast lengths. There were no significant improvements/degradations from the assimilation of the other satellite observation types [e. g., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) winds, SSM/I wind speeds, and scatterometer winds]. The assimilation of all satellite observations resulted in a gain in skill of roughly 12 h for the NOGAPS 48- and 72-h TC track forecasts and a gain in skill of roughly 24 h for the 96- and 120-h forecasts. The percent improvement in these forecasts ranged from almost 20% at 24 h to over 40% at 120 h. C1 NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jim.goerss@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research 6.2 Base Program project FX This research was supported by Office of Naval Research 6.2 Base Program project "Assimilation of WindSat, OMPS, and GPS Data into NAVDAS." NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2601.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900003 ER PT J AU Eckermann, S AF Eckermann, Stephen TI Hybrid sigma-p Coordinate Choices for a Global Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; SEMI-IMPLICIT METHOD; VERTICAL COORDINATE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTIVE SKILL; TIME INTEGRATION AB A methodology for choosing a hybrid sigma-p ( sigma-pressure) vertical coordinate of the Simmons-Strufing form for a global model is presented. The method focuses on properties of the vertical derivative of the terrain-following coefficient, which affect the smoothness and shape of layer thickness profiles and determines the coordinate's monotonicity over variable terrain. The method is applied to characterize and interrelate existing hybrid coordinate choices in NWP and climate models, then to design new coordinates with specific properties. Offline tests indicate that the new coordinates reduce stratospheric errors in models due to vertical truncation effects in the computation of the pressure gradient force over steep terrain. When implemented in a global model, the new coordinates significantly reduce vorticity and divergence errors at all altitudes in idealized simulations. In forecasting experiments with a global model, the new coordinates slightly reduce the stability of the semi-implicit time scheme. Resetting the reference pressure in the scheme to similar to 800 hPa solves the problem for every coordinate except the Sangster-Arakawa-Lamb hybrid, which remains intrinsically less stable than the others. Impacts of different coordinates on forecast skill are neutral or weakly positive, with the new hybrid coordinates yielding slight improvements relative to earlier hybrid choices. This essentially neutral impact indirectly endorses the wide variety of hybrid coordinate choices currently used in NWP and climate models, with the proviso that these tests do not address the impact over longer time scales or on data assimilation. C1 USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eckermann, S (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NCEP-DoE reanalysis 2 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRLPSD, Boulder, CO (see online at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). Forecast runs were made possible by computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center provided by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. I thank Tim Hogan for generating the NOGAPS reanalysis fields and Frank Giraldo for providing his test case subroutines. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 224 EP 245 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2537.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900013 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Holt, TR Nachamkin, J Chen, S Mclay, JG Doyle, JD Thompson, WT AF Bishop, Craig H. Holt, Teddy R. Nachamkin, Jason Chen, Sue McLay, Justin G. Doyle, James D. Thompson, William T. TI Regional Ensemble Forecasts Using the Ensemble Transform Technique SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; PREDICTION SYSTEM; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MESOSCALE; MODEL; SKILL; ERROR; PREDICTABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; PRECIPITATION AB A computationally inexpensive ensemble transform (ET) method for generating high-resolution initial perturbations for regional ensemble forecasts is introduced. The method provides initial perturbations that (i) have an initial variance consistent with the best available estimates of initial condition error variance, (ii) are dynamically conditioned by a process similar to that used in the breeding technique, (iii) add to zero at the initial time, (iv) are quasi-orthogonal and equally likely, and (v) partially respect mesoscale balance constraints by ensuring that each initial perturbation is a linear sum of forecast perturbations from the preceding forecast. The technique is tested using estimates of analysis error variance from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) and the Navy's regional Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) over a 3-week period during the summer of 2005. Lateral boundary conditions are provided by a global ET ensemble. The tests show that the ET regional ensemble has a skillful mean and a useful spread-skill relationship in mass, momentum, and precipitation variables. Diagnostics indicate that ensemble variance was close to, but probably a little less than, the forecast error variance for wind and temperature variables, while precipitation ensemble variance was significantly smaller than precipitation forecast error variance. C1 [Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 702,Room 212, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bishop@nrlmry.navy.mil FU ONR [0602435N]; High Performance Computing (HPC) FX CHB, TH, JN, WTT, SC, and JD acknowledge support from ONR Project Element 0602435N. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of High Performance Computing (HPC) time from the Department of Defense (DoD) Major Shared Resource Center at NAVOCEANO in Stennis, MS, and the DoD HPC Distributed Center at FNMOC in Monterey, CA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2559.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 404VU UT WOS:000263181900016 ER PT B AU Hastings, AS Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ Pan, H Beling, A Campbell, JC AF Hastings, Alexander S. Tulchinsky, David A. Williams, Keith J. Pan, Huapu Beling, Andreas Campbell, Joe C. GP IEEE TI Minimizing Photodiode Nonlinearities By Compensating Voltage-Dependent Responsivity Effects SO MWP: 2009 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 14-16, 2009 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Minist Cienca Innovac, Gen Valenc, Univ Politecn Valencia, Discovery Semiconductors Inc, Photline Technol, Emcore Corporat, Photon Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, MTTS, IEEE MTTS, IEICE ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; PHOTODETECTORS AB Two voltage-dependant responsivity effects, impact ionization and Franz-Keldysh oscillations, are shown to have opposing effects at certain wavelengths in p-i-n photodiodes. It is shown that these two effects can compensate each other and minimize photodiode nonlinearities when optimized with respect to wavelength and bias voltage. C1 [Hastings, Alexander S.; Tulchinsky, David A.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pan, Huapu; Beling, Andreas; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Hastings, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4788-6 PY 2009 BP 19 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BOP12 UT WOS:000277177700006 ER PT B AU Ramaswamy, A Nunoya, N Piels, M Johansson, LA Coldren, LA Bowers, JE Hastings, AS Williams, KJ Klamkin, J AF Ramaswamy, Anand Nunoya, Nobuhiro Piels, Molly Johansson, Leif A. Coldren, Larry A. Bowers, John E. Hastings, Alexander S. Williams, Keith J. Klamkin, Jonathan GP IEEE TI Experimental Analysis of Two Measurement Techniques to Characterize Photodiode Linearity SO MWP: 2009 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 14-16, 2009 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Minist Cienca Innovac, Gen Valenc, Univ Politecn Valencia, Discovery Semiconductors Inc, Photline Technol, Emcore Corporat, Photon Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, MTTS, IEEE MTTS, IEICE ID PHOTODETECTORS; DISTORTION; MODULATORS AB As photodiodes become more linear, accurately characterizing their linearity becomes very challenging. We compare the IMD3 results from a standard two tone measurement to those from a more complex three tone measurement technique. A Ge n-i-p waveguide photodetector on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOL) substrate is used for the comparison. Additionally, we analyze, via simulation, the limitations of the measurement system in determining the distortion of highly linear photodiodes. C1 [Ramaswamy, Anand; Nunoya, Nobuhiro; Piels, Molly; Johansson, Leif A.; Coldren, Larry A.; Bowers, John E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hastings, Alexander S.; Williams, Keith J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Klamkin, Jonathan] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Ramaswamy, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM anand@ece.ucsb.edu FU United States Air Force [FA8750-05-C-0265]; Intel Corp FX The authors would like to thank useful discussions with Ronald Esman, Steve Pappert, Jim Hunter and Nadir Dagli. Further acknowledgement should be provided to Tao Yin from Intel Corp. for providing the SiGe detector on which these measurements were made. This material is based upon work supported by the DARPA-PHORFRONT program under United States Air Force contract number FA8750-05-C-0265. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4788-6 PY 2009 BP 298 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BOP12 UT WOS:000277177700079 ER PT J AU Shim, W Ham, J Lee, KI Jeung, WY Johnson, M Lee, W AF Shim, Wooyoung Ham, Jinhee Lee, Kyoung-il Jeung, Won Young Johnson, Mark Lee, Wooyoung TI On-Film Formation of Bi Nanowires with Extraordinary Electron Mobility SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; GROWTH; DEVICES; ARRAYS AB A novel stress-induced method to grow semimetallic Bi nanowires along with an analysis of their transport properties is presented. Single crystalline Bi nanowires were found to grow on as-sputtered films after thermal annealing at 260-270 degrees C. This was facilitated by relaxation of stress between the film and the thermally oxidized Si substrate that originated from a mismatch of the thermal expansion. The diameter-tunable Bi nanowires can be produced by controlling the mean grain size of the film, which is dependent upon the thickness of the film. Four-terminal devices based on individual Bi nanowires were found to exhibit very large transverse and longitudinal ordinary magnetoresistance, indicating high-quality, single crystalline Bi nanowires. Unusual transport properties, including a mobility value of 76900 cm(2)/(V s) and a mean free path of 1.35 mu m in a 120 nm Bi nanowire, were observed at room temperature. C1 [Shim, Wooyoung; Ham, Jinhee; Lee, Kyoung-il; Lee, Wooyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jeung, Won Young] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, W (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 134 Shinchon, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM wooyoung@yonsei.ac.kr FU KOSEF through National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology; Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy; Seoul Research and Business Development Program [10816]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; Office of Naval Research [N0001408WX20705] FX This work was supported by KOSEF through National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology and by a grant from the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, and by Seoul Research and Business Development Program (10816), and by a grant from "Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology" under "21st Century Frontier R&D Programs" of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. M.J. gratefully acknowledges the partial support of the Office of Naval Research, Grant N0001408WX20705. We thank Chad A. Mirkin for his valuable discussion. NR 24 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1021/nl8016829 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 395IZ UT WOS:000262519100004 PM 19032034 ER PT S AU Lebedev, N Trammell, SA Tsoi, S Spano, A Kim, JH Xu, J Twigg, ME Schnur, JM AF Lebedev, Nikolai Trammell, Scott A. Tsoi, Stanislav Spano, Anthony Kim, Jin Ho Xu, Jimmy Twigg, Mark E. Schnur, Joel M. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Bio-inspired photo-electronic material based on photosynthetic proteins SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications II CY AUG 05-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE bioelectronics; biophotonics; photovoltaic; self-assembly; photosynthetic reaction center ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; REACTION CENTERS; ZINC PORPHYRIN; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DONOR; BIOSENSORS; HYDROGEN; SENSORS; CELLS AB The construction of efficient light energy converting (photovoltaic and photo-electronic) devices is a current and great challenge in science and technology and one that will have important economic consequences. Several innovative nanoelectronic materials were proposed to achieve this goal, semiconductor quantum dots, metallic nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are among them. As a charge separating unit for light energy conversion, we propose the utilization of the most advanced photoelectronic material developed by nature, photosynthetic reaction center proteins. As a first step in this direction, we constructed a novel bioinorganic nanophotoelectronic material with photoactive photosynthetic reaction center (RC) proteins encapsulated inside a multiwall CNT arrayed electrode. The material consists of photosynthetic RC-cytochrome complexes acting as charge separating units bound to the inner walls of a CNT electrode and ubiquinone-10 (Q2) serving as a soluble electron-transfer mediator to the counter electrode. The proteins were immobilized inside carbon nanotubes by a Ni(NTA)-alkane-pyrene linker, forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the surface of inner CNT walls and allowing for unidirectional protein orientation. The material demonstrates an enhanced photoinduced electron transfer rate and shows substantial improvement in photocurrent density compared to that obtained with the same proteins when immobilized on planar graphite (HOPG) electrode. The results suggest that protein encapsulation in precisely organized arrayed tubular electrode architecture can considerably improve the performance of photovoltaic, photoelectronic, or biofuel cell devices. They demonstrate the potential for substantial advantages of precisely organized nano electrode tubular arrayed architecture for variety biotechnological applications. C1 [Lebedev, Nikolai; Trammell, Scott A.; Tsoi, Stanislav] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7693-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7403 AR 740304 DI 10.1117/12.829353 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BUN67 UT WOS:000289839400002 ER PT B AU Willard, MA Daniil, M AF Willard, Matthew A. Daniil, Maria BE Liu, JP Fullerton, E Gutfleisch, O Sellmyer, DJ TI Nanostructured Soft Magnetic Materials SO NANOSCALE MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NB-SI-B; ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE; (FE0.5CO0.5)(88)ZR7B4CU1 NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; INDUCED ANISOTROPY; FE-CO; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CU-M; FINEMET AB Reduction of the grain size to less than 20 nm has provided major advances in soft magnetic materials performance, including reduced core losses and coercivities. These promising results have stimulated research efforts, worldwide, in the areas of nanocrystalline alloy design, alloy processing, materials performance evaluation, and transition to various applications. This chapter presents recent advances in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy processing methods, phase transformations, microstructure evaluation, magnetic property measurement and analysis, and applications. C1 [Willard, Matthew A.; Daniil, Maria] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-85598-1 PY 2009 BP 373 EP 397 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-85600-1_13 PG 25 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMO84 UT WOS:000273183100013 ER PT S AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Vora, GJ Sapsford, KE Ratna, BR AF Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. Vora, Gary J. Sapsford, Kim E. Ratna, Banahalli R. BE Nagarajan, R Zukas, W Hatton, TA Lee, S TI Virus Nanoparticles for Signal Enhancement in Microarray Biosensors SO NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 234th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 17-19, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Colloid & Surface Chem ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOSCALE; FABRICATION; STRATEGIES; PARTICLES; PEPTIDES AB Although fluorescent dye loading is often accompanied by fluorescence quenching, biosensor sensitivity depends on localizing large numbers of dye molecules in a specific area. Our results demonstrate that organized spatial distribution of fluorescent reporter molecules on a virus capsid eliminates this commonly encountered problem. We have used this enhanced fluorescence for the detection of DNA-DNA hybridization and the detection of protein toxins. When compared with the most often used detection methods in a microarray-based genotyping assay for Vibrio cholerae 0139, and a sandwich assay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B, these viral nanoparticles markedly increased assay sensitivity thus demonstrating their applicability for existing microarray protocols. C1 [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Soto, Carissa M.; Vora, Gary J.; Sapsford, Kim E.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6981-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1016 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW58 UT WOS:000292990100011 ER PT S AU Taylor, SR Shiflet, GJ Scully, JR Buchheit, RG van Ooij, WJ Sieradzki, K Diaz, RE Brinker, CJ Moran, AL AF Taylor, S. R. Shiflet, G. J. Scully, J. R. Buchheit, R. G. van Ooij, W. J. Sieradzki, K. Diaz, R. E. Brinker, C. J. Moran, A. L. BE Fernando, RH Sung, LP TI Increasing Coating Functionality Using Nanodimensioned Materials SO NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS; BOILING HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; MILD-STEEL; CORROSION INHIBITION; IODIDE-IONS; SYNERGISTIC COMBINATIONS; INTERMETALLIC PHASES; LOCALIZED CORROSION; PITTING CORROSION AB The coating system presently used on military aircraft is constrained in function and limited to the use of chromate-based compounds for the mitigation of corrosion. The objective of this program was to expand the functionality of the military aerospace coating using recent advances in the materials sciences. By implementing gains in molecular and nano-engineered materials, the scientific and technological foundations will be laid for a coating that: (1) provides corrosion protection and adhesion using environmentally compliant materials, (2) senses corrosion and mechanical damage, (3) initiates mitigating responses to the sensed damage (chemical and mechanical), (4) improves fatigue resistance, (5) has the ability to change color-on-demand, and (6) provide water rejection and self-cleaning capability. The enhanced functionality of this advanced coating system will be achieved through the incorporation of: (1) a field-replaceable, nano-engineered metallic cladding, (2) the use of molecular-engineering and self-assembled colloidal crystals for packaging, sensing, color-on-demand, and super-hydro-phobicity, (3) the development of new approaches for the identification, encapsulation, and delivery of environmentally compliant corrosion inhibitors, and (4) the optimization of organic coating adhesion through the use of environmentally compatible surface treatments. A summary of program achievements will be presented. C1 [Taylor, S. R.; Shiflet, G. J.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Scully, J. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Buchheit, R. G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [van Ooij, W. J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sieradzki, K.; Diaz, R. E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brinker, C. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Moran, A. L.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Taylor, SR (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, 6516 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7448-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1008 BP 126 EP 155 D2 10.1021/bk-2009-1008 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BOU37 UT WOS:000277626100008 ER PT J AU Bussian, DA Crooker, SA Yin, M Brynda, M Efros, AL Klimov, VI AF Bussian, David A. Crooker, Scott A. Yin, Ming Brynda, Marcin Efros, Alexander L. Klimov, Victor I. TI Tunable magnetic exchange interactions in manganese-doped inverted core-shell ZnSe-CdSe nanocrystals SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SEMIMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; REDUCTION; IONS AB Magnetic doping of semiconductor nanostructures is actively pursued for applications in magnetic memory and spin-based electronics(1,2). Central to these efforts is a drive to control the interaction strength between carriers (electrons and holes) and the embedded magnetic atoms(3-5). In this respect, colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures provide great flexibility through growth-controlled 'engineering' of electron and hole wavefunctions in individual nanocrystals(6,7). Here, we demonstrate a widely tunable magnetic sp-d exchange interaction between electron-hole excitations (excitons) and paramagnetic manganese ions using 'inverted' core-shell nanocrystals composed of Mn(2+)-doped ZnSe cores overcoated with undoped shells of narrower-gap CdSe. Magnetic circular dichroism studies reveal giant Zeeman spin splittings of the band-edge exciton that, surprisingly, are tunable in both magnitude and sign. Effective exciton g-factors are controllably tuned from 200 to C 30 solely by increasing the CdSe shell thickness, demonstrating that strong quantum confinement and wavefunction engineering in heterostructured nanocrystal materials can be used to manipulate carrier-Mn(2+) wavefunction overlap and the sp-d exchange parameters themselves. C1 [Bussian, David A.; Yin, Ming; Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bussian, David A.; Klimov, Victor I.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Crooker, Scott A.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brynda, Marcin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Efros, Alexander L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bussian, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crooker@lanl.gov; klimov@lanl.gov OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 FU Los Alamos LDRD; Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science; US Department of Energy (DOE); DOE Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies jointly operated by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories; ONR FX We thank B. Prall for technical assistance. This work was supported by Los Alamos LDRD Funds and the Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy (DOE). D. A. B. and V. I. K. are partially supported by the DOE Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies jointly operated by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. A. L. E. acknowledges financial support from ONR. NR 29 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 12 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1038/NMAT2342 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 386FC UT WOS:000261866700016 PM 19079242 ER PT J AU Mei, BC Susumu, K Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Mei, Bing C. Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Polyethylene glycol-based bidentate ligands to enhance quantum dot and gold nanoparticle stability in biological media SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENT NANOCRYSTALS; ALTERNATIVE ROUTES; SEMICONDUCTOR; PROTEIN; FLUOROPHORES; MONODISPERSE; CONJUGATION AB We describe a simple and versatile scheme to prepare a series of poly(ethylene glycol)-based bidentate ligands that permit strong interactions with colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) alike and promote their dispersion in aqueous solutions. These ligands are synthesized by coupling poly(ethylene glycol)s of various chain length to thioctic acid, followed by ring opening of the 1,2-dithiolane moiety to create a bidentate thiol anchoring group with enhanced affinity for CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs. These ligands provide a straightforward means of preparing QDs and AuNPs that exhibit greater resistance to environmental changes, facilitating their effective use in bioassays and live cell imaging. C1 [Mei, Bing C.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mei, Bing C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office (ARO); CB Directorate/Physical S& T Division (DTRA) FX We acknowledge NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Army Research Office (ARO) and the CB Directorate/Physical S& T Division (DTRA) for financial support. We thank Dr Horn-Bond Lin for assistance with the FTIR spectra. NR 41 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 69 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 EI 1750-2799 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 412 EP 423 DI 10.1038/nprot.2008.243 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441PU UT WOS:000265782000013 PM 19265800 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Mei, BC Mattoussi, H AF Susumu, Kimihiro Mei, Bing C. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Multifunctional ligands based on dihydrolipoic acid and polyethylene glycol to promote biocompatibility of quantum dots SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; SEMICONDUCTOR; STABILITY; PROTEIN; FLUOROPHORES AB One of the common strategies to promote the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) to buffer media and to couple them to biological molecules has relied on cap exchange. We have shown previously that dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended DHLA can effectively replace the native ligands on CdSe-ZnS QDs. Here we explain in detail the synthesis of a series of modular ligands made of the DHLA-PEG motif appended with terminal functional groups. This design allows easy coupling of biomolecules and dyes to the QDs. The ligands are modular and each is comprised of three units: a potential biological functional group (biotin, carboxylic acid and amine) and a DHLA appended at the ends of a short PEG chain, where PEG promotes water solubility and DHLA provides anchoring onto the QD. The resulting QDs are stable over a broad pH range and accessible to simple bioconjugation techniques, such as avidin-biotin binding. C1 [Susumu, Kimihiro; Mei, Bing C.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mei, Bing C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office FX We acknowledge NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Army Research Office for financial support. We thank Drs Horn-Bond Lin and Igor Medintz for assistance. NR 26 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 11 U2 77 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 EI 1750-2799 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 424 EP 436 DI 10.1038/nprot.2008.247 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 441PU UT WOS:000265782000014 PM 19265801 ER PT J AU Singer, DJ Doerry, N Buckley, ME AF Singer, David J. Doerry, Norbert Buckley, Michael E. TI What Is Set-Based Design? SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB On February 4, 2008, Admiral Paul Sullivan, Commander of the Naval Sea Systems Command, sent out a letter entitled: Ship Design and Analysis Tool Goals. The purpose of the widely distributed memorandum was to state the requirements and high-level capability goals for NAVSEA design synthesis and analysis tools. In this memo, Admiral Sullivan expressed the need for evolving models and analysis tools to be compatible with, among other things, set-based design (SBD). Admiral Sullivan's memo was a major step toward improving ship design programs with new, more powerful analytical support tools but many have asked, "What is Set-Based Design and how does it relate to Naval Ship Design?'' SBD is a complex design method that requires a shift in how one thinks about and manages design. The SBD paradigm can replace point-based design construction with design discovery; it allows more of the design effort to proceed concurrently and defers detailed specifications until trade-offs are more fully understood. This paper describes the principles of SBD citing improvements SBD in design practice that have set the stage for SBD, and relating these principles to current Navy ship design issues. C1 [Singer, David J.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Buckley, Michael E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Singer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.00226.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 662OK UT WOS:000282817300002 ER PT J AU Wallace, D White, D Davidson, K AF Wallace, Daniel White, Dennis Davidson, Karole TI Warfighter Inclusion in System Development: The Operational Perspective in Defining Design Requirements SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Human systems integration (HSI) is integral to any comprehensive system engineering process. HSI is defined by the International Conference on System Engineering as "interdisciplinary technical and management processes for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements; an essential enabler to systems engineering practice." But how does one accomplish this interdisciplinary integration? This paper highlights the essential role of the warfighter as an overarching elicitor and integrator of system requirements, and how to effectively exploit this crucial resource. All complex systems are developed to be used and maintained in a specific operational environment by a trained user. It is therefore imperative that the unique operational perspectives of those users are made part of the design and development process. There are several key opportunities within the acquisition process where qualified, representative users play a significant role in refining the system's requirements and defining how the total system will perform. Active participation from the warfighter and user community in the design process will aid in identifying issues early enough to make a meaningful influence on design, fosters warfighter acceptance of the system, reduces the risks associated with warfighter alterations to system configurations, and validates total system performance using human in the loop evaluations. C1 [Wallace, Daniel; Davidson, Karole] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Washington, DC USA. [White, Dennis] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgrens HSI Branch, Washington, DC USA. NAVSEA 05H, Naval Sea Syst Commands Human Syst Integrat & War, Washington, DC USA. RP Wallace, D (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.01139.x PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 431QG UT WOS:000265077300003 ER PT J AU Koenig, P Nalchajian, D Hootman, J AF Koenig, Philip Nalchajian, Don Hootman, John TI Ship Service Life and Naval Force Structure SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Naval Sea Systems Command has conducted several interdisciplinary studies recently, motivated by a need to address the high cost and extended duration of naval vessel design and construction. Naval architecture and force structure studies have been key components of these efforts. Two general approaches are available: development of alternative future fleet design and programming concepts, and changes in ship expected service life policy. These are not mutually exclusive alternatives, service life is a key variable in future force planning regardless of any other variables considered. In this paper, issues associated with both approaches are described and discussed. Potential implications for future naval force structure planning are identified and recommendations for future work are suggested. C1 [Koenig, Philip; Nalchajian, Don] USN, Future Ship & Force Architecture Concepts Div NAV, Sea Syst Command Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Hootman, John] USN, Expeditionary Warfare Ships Div NAVSEA 05D3, Sea Syst Command Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Koenig, P (reprint author), USN, Future Ship & Force Architecture Concepts Div NAV, Sea Syst Command Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. FU Computer Sciences Corporation, Washington, DC; [NAVSEA 05D1] FX This work is based on multidisciplinary studies carried out by several organizations in the Department of the Navy and elsewhere. The valuable contributions of Mike Bergmann, Matthew McCarton, and Dave Helgerson (Computer Sciences Corporation, Washington, DC) and Phil Sims (NAVSEA 05D1) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.01141.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 431QG UT WOS:000265077300005 ER PT J AU Huynh, T Connett, B Chiu-Rourman, JC Davis, J Kessler, A Oravec, J Schewfelt, M Wark, S AF Huynh, Thomas Connett, Brian Chiu-Rourman, Jared Chewey'' Davis, Jennifer Kessler, Andrew Oravec, Joseph Schewfelt, Michael Wark, Shaunnah TI Architecting a System of Systems Responding to Maritime Domain Terrorism by Orthogonal Array Experiment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this work we solve the problem of architecting a conceptual, cost-effective, near-term system of systems (SoS) to respond to terrorist threats to the United States emanating from the maritime domain. The threats include a weapon of mass destruction smuggled on a container ship, a commandeered ship used as a weapon, and small boats used by terrorists to attack maritime commerce traffic and critical shore infrastructures. We formulate the problem as an assignment problem, which is then solved using the orthogonal array experiment. The optimality of the resulting SoS architecture is validated against a heuristically developed architecture and an optimal effective, but not necessarily cost-effective, architecture obtained also with the orthogonal array experiment approach. The principal results of the orthogonal array experiment method reported herein underline this successful exploratory work in architecting an SoS. This method can be extended to architecting of other systems of systems. C1 [Huynh, Thomas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Huynh, Thomas] San Jose State Univ, Dept Math, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Davis, Jennifer] Northrop Grumman Ship Syst, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Kessler, Andrew] USN, TOPGUN Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Huynh, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 79 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.01142.x PG 23 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 431QG UT WOS:000265077300006 ER PT J AU Fortune, RH Perkinson, BT Staiman, RC AF Fortune, Randall H. Perkinson, Brian T. Staiman, Robert C. TI Getting AEGIS to Sea: The AEGIS Ships SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Fortune, Randall H.] USN, Ship Res & Dev Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. [Perkinson, Brian T.] USS SOLEY DD 707, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Perkinson, Brian T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Newport News, VA USA. [Perkinson, Brian T.] US Pacific Fleet, Honolulu, HI USA. [Perkinson, Brian T.] USN, Sea Syst Command, AEGIS Shipbldg Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Fortune, RH (reprint author), USN, Ship Res & Dev Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.00208.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 503PZ UT WOS:000270551700013 ER PT J AU Paige, KK Truver, SC AF Paige, Kathleen K. Truver, Scott C. TI The Future of AEGIS: To the Horizon and Beyond SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Truver, Scott C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.00209.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 503PZ UT WOS:000270551700014 ER PT J AU Miller, MJ Doyle, JH Parker, JT AF Miller, Michael J. Doyle, James H., Jr. Parker, J. T. TI The AEGIS Movement- An Operational Perspective SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Miller, Michael J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Arlington, VA USA. [Miller, Michael J.] Anteon Corp, Fairfax, VA USA. [Doyle, James H., Jr.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Doyle, James H., Jr.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Oceans Law & Policy, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Doyle, James H., Jr.] George Washington Univ, Natl Law Ctr, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Parker, J. T.] Naval Acad Chapel, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.00212.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 503PZ UT WOS:000270551700017 ER PT S AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. BE Wirtz, JJ Larsen, JA TI Introduction SO NAVAL PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS: STABILITY FROM THE SEA SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stability, Security, Transition, Reconstruction - Challenges for the US Navy CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88723-3 J9 CASS SER NAV POL HIS PY 2009 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BMW99 UT WOS:000273781000001 ER PT S AU Moran, D AF Moran, Daniel BE Wirtz, JJ Larsen, JA TI Stability operations The view from afloat SO NAVAL PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS: STABILITY FROM THE SEA SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stability, Security, Transition, Reconstruction - Challenges for the US Navy CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch C1 [Moran, Daniel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88723-3 J9 CASS SER NAV POL HIS PY 2009 BP 13 EP 25 PG 13 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BMW99 UT WOS:000273781000002 ER PT S AU Piombo, J Malley, M AF Piombo, Jessica Malley, Michael BE Wirtz, JJ Larsen, JA TI Beyond protecting the land and the sea The role of the US Navy in reconstruction SO NAVAL PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS: STABILITY FROM THE SEA SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stability, Security, Transition, Reconstruction - Challenges for the US Navy CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch C1 [Piombo, Jessica] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88723-3 J9 CASS SER NAV POL HIS PY 2009 BP 61 EP 80 PG 20 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BMW99 UT WOS:000273781000005 ER PT S AU Tomb, N AF Tomb, Nicholas BE Wirtz, JJ Larsen, JA TI Civil-military teams The PRT model in Afghanistan SO NAVAL PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS: STABILITY FROM THE SEA SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stability, Security, Transition, Reconstruction - Challenges for the US Navy CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch C1 [Tomb, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Stabilizat & Reconstruct Studies, Monterey, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88723-3 J9 CASS SER NAV POL HIS PY 2009 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BMW99 UT WOS:000273781000010 ER PT B AU Clunan, AL AF Clunan, Anne L. BE Shawki, N Cox, M TI Redefining Sovereignty: Humanitarianism's Challenge to Sovereign Immunity SO NEGOTIATING SOVEREIGNTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: ACTORS AND ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY HUMAN RIGHTS POLITICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAW C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clunan, AL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9437-3; 978-0-7546-7719-2 PY 2009 BP 7 EP 25 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4VA UT WOS:000336335500002 ER PT J AU Hough-Troutman, WL Smiglak, M Griffin, S Reichert, WM Mirska, I Jodynis-Liebert, J Adamska, T Nawrot, J Stasiewicz, M Rogers, RD Pernak, J AF Hough-Troutman, Whitney L. Smiglak, Marcin Griffin, Scott Reichert, W. Matthew Mirska, Ilona Jodynis-Liebert, Jadwiga Adamska, Teresa Nawrot, Jan Stasiewicz, Monika Rogers, Robin D. Pernak, Juliusz TI Ionic liquids with dual biological function: sweet and anti-microbial, hydrophobic quaternary ammonium-based salts SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERICIDAL ACTION; WOOD PRESERVATIVES; EXTRACTION; HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE; CONSTITUTION; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS AB The dual nature of ionic liquids has been exploited to synthesize materials that contain two independent biological functions by combining anti-bacterial quaternary ammonium compounds with artificial sweetener anions. The synthesis and physical properties of eight new ionic liquids, didecyldimethylammonium saccharinate ([DDA][Sac]), didecyldimethylammonium acesulfamate ([DDA][Ace]), benzalkonium saccharinate ([BA][Sac]), benzalkonium acesulfamate ([BA][Ace]), hexadecylpyridinium saccharinate ([HEX][Sac]), hexadecylpyridinium acesulfamate ([HEX][Ace]), 3-hydroxy-1-octyloxymethylpyridinium saccharinate ([1-(OctOMe)-3-OH-Py][Sac]), and 3-hydroxy-1-octyloxymethylpyridinium acesulfamate ([1-(OctOMe)-3-OH-Py][Ace]), are reported, as well as the single crystal structures for [HEX][Ace] and [1-(OctOMe)-3-OH-Py][Sac]. Determination of anti-microbial activities is described for six of the ILs. While some exhibited decreased anti-microbial activity others showed a dramatic increase. For two of the ionic liquids, [DDA][Sac] and [DDA][ACE], oral toxicity, skin irritation, and deterrent activity was also established. Unfortunately, both ILs received a Category 4 (harmful) rating for oral toxicity and skin irritation. However, deterrent activity experiments point to use as an insect deterrent, as both ILs scored either "very good'' or "good'' against several types of insects. C1 [Hough-Troutman, Whitney L.; Smiglak, Marcin; Griffin, Scott; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Hough-Troutman, Whitney L.; Smiglak, Marcin; Griffin, Scott; Rogers, Robin D.] Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Reichert, W. Matthew] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mirska, Ilona] Karol Marcinkowski Univ Med Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Bacteriol, PL-60781 Poznan, Poland. [Jodynis-Liebert, Jadwiga; Adamska, Teresa] Karol Marcinkowski Univ Med Sci, Dept Toxicol, PL-60631 Poznan, Poland. [Nawrot, Jan] Inst Plant Protect, PL-60318 Poznan, Poland. [Stasiewicz, Monika; Pernak, Juliusz] Poznan Tech Univ, Fac Chem Technol, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. [Rogers, Robin D.] Queens Univ Belfast, QUILL, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Rogers, RD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM r.rogers@qub.ac.uk; juliusz.pernak@put.poznan.pl RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Smiglak, Marcin/N-8284-2013; Stasiewicz, Monika/M-1575-2014; Pernak, Juliusz/M-1695-2014 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Smiglak, Marcin/0000-0003-4444-5354; FU Poznan University of Technology [BW 32-222/2008] FX This work was supported by Poznan University of Technology, BW 32-222/2008. NR 51 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1039/b813213p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 416RW UT WOS:000264024200003 ER PT B AU Pique, A Kim, H Auyeung, R Wang, JW Birnbaum, A Mathews, S AF Pique, Alberto Kim, Heungsoo Auyeung, Ray Wang, Jiwen Birnbaum, Andrew Mathews, Scott GP SIST TI Laser-Based Digital Microfabrication SO NIP 25: DIGITAL FABRICATION 2009, TECHNICAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Imaging Soc Japan ID DIRECT-WRITE; ELECTRODES AB Non-lithographic digital microfabrication processes are ideally suited for the rapid prototyping of microelectronic devices and other high fidelity micro-components. Laser Direct-Write is an example of digital microfabrication that offers unique advantages and capabilities. A key advantage of laser direct-write techniques is their compatibility with a wide range of materials, surface chemistries and surface morphologies. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed various laser-based forward transfer processes ranging from the non-phase transformative direct printing of complex suspensions or inks to the "lase-and-place" of entire semiconductor devices. These processes have been demonstrated in the fabrication of a wide variety of microelectronic elements such as interconnects, passives, antennas, sensors, power sources and embedded circuits. Recently, laser direct-write of thin film-like structures with excellent lateral resolution and thickness uniformity using metallic nano-inks has also been demonstrated. The high degree of control in size and shape achievable was applied to the digital microfabrication of 3-dimensional stacked assemblies and also MEMS-like structures. Overall, the application of laser-based direct-write techniques is well suited for the development, customization, modification, and repair of microelectronic components and systems. This paper will provide a brief introduction to laser direct-write and describe several examples of the types of structures and devices fabricated at NRL using laser-based digital microfabrication processes. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Kim, Heungsoo; Auyeung, Ray; Wang, Jiwen; Birnbaum, Andrew; Mathews, Scott] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-287-2 PY 2009 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BPN16 UT WOS:000279358900105 ER PT J AU McDonald, BE AF McDonald, B. E. TI Modeling nonlinear compressional waves in marine sediments SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB A computational model is presented which will help guide and interpret an upcoming series of experiments on nonlinear compressional waves in marine sediments. The model includes propagation physics of nonlinear acoustics augmented with granular Hertzian stress of order 3/2 in the strain rate. The model is a variant of the time domain NPE (McDonald and Kuperman, 1987) supplemented with a causal algorithm for frequency-linear attenuation. When attenuation is absent, the model equations are used to construct analytic solutions for nonlinear plane waves. The results imply that Hertzian stress causes a unique nonlinear behavior near zero stress. A fluid, in contrast, exhibits nonlinear behavior under high stress. A numerical experiment with nominal values for attenuation coefficient implies that in a water saturated Hertzian chain, the nonlinearity near zero stress may be experimentally observable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcdonald@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414BD UT WOS:000263838000015 ER PT S AU Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Lindle, J. R. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI High-Performance Interband Cascade Lasers Emitting in the 2.9-4.2 mu m Wavelength Range SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel in-Plane Semiconductor Lasers VIII CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; photodiode; long-wavelength infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Advances in the development of mid-IR antimonide type-II "W" interband cascade lasers (ICLs) have recently led to the first demonstration of continuous wave operation at room temperature. The 5-stage narrow-ridge Au-electroplated ICL emitted at lambda=3.75 mu m produced over 10 mW of cw power at 300 K and operated to 319 K. The considerable increase in T(max) was realized by carefully optimizing both the design and the MBE growth of these complicated multilayer structures. The internal loss was decreased by reducing the doping in the claddings and separate-confinement regions, and then using fewer stages to take advantage of the lower dissipated power density while still having enough gain to reach threshold. We find that the improved properties are similarly available in devices spanning the spectral window of at least 3.2-4.2 mu m. C1 [Lindle, J. R.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7230 AR 72300R DI 10.1117/12.809351 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BST83 UT WOS:000285777100013 ER PT J AU Ravi, G Alvarado, JL Marsh, C Kessler, DA AF Ravi, Gurunarayana Alvarado, Jorge L. Marsh, Charles Kessler, David A. TI Laminar Flow Forced Convection Heat Transfer Behavior of a Phase Change Material Fluid in Finned Tubes SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHANGE-MATERIAL SLURRIES; CHANGE MATERIAL SUSPENSIONS; TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; WALL TEMPERATURE; CIRCULAR DUCTS; UNIFORM AB The heat transfer behavior of phase change material fluid (PCM) under laminar flow conditions in circular tubes and internally longitudinal finned tubes was studied. An effective specific heat technique was used to model the phase change process. Heat transfer results for a smooth circular tube with PCM fluid were obtained under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Results for the finned tube were obtained using the H2 and T boundary conditions. It was determined that the Nusselt number was strongly dependent on the Stefan number, fin thermal conductivity value, and height of the fins. C1 [Alvarado, Jorge L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Ind Distribut, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ravi, Gurunarayana] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Marsh, Charles] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. [Kessler, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC USA. [Marsh, Charles] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Alvarado, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Ind Distribut, 117 Thompson Hall,3367 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM alvarado@entc.tamu.edu OI Alvarado, Jorge/0000-0002-4059-6588 FU Army Corps Engineers Engineer and Research Development Center and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Army Corps Engineers Engineer and Research Development Center and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, and the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors would also like to thank Satyanarayana Kondle for his support and knowledge of Fluent. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PY 2009 VL 55 IS 8 BP 721 EP 738 AR PII 910344601 DI 10.1080/10407780902864672 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 435UT UT WOS:000265369500001 ER PT B AU Ivanov, LM Collins, CA AF Ivanov, L. M. Collins, C. A. BE Long, JA Wells, DS TI MODAL DECOMPOSITION FOR OCEANIC CIRCULATION: APPLICATIONS FOR A HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL AND LAGRANGIAN DATA SO OCEAN CIRCULATION AND EL NINO: NEW RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; FLOW DECOMPOSITION; PART II; DYNAMICS; EQUATIONS; ATLANTIC; SURFACE; SPARSE; SOUTH AB The classical Fourier polynomials are generalized for non-rectangular basins: partially open, simply and multiply connected, and are used as basis functions (modes) for the spectral representations of ocean velocity, temperature and tracer concentrations. Calculation of the modes accounts for basin geometry and bottom topography only but neither dynamical forcing nor dissipation processes. Therefore these basis functions are unlike empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and cannot mix effects of different spatial scales on a particular spatial circulation pattern. Circulation velocity or any scalar field can be represented as a weighted sum of modes (a modal decomposition) with weights (spectral coefficients) determined in the least squares sense from the orthogonal feature of modes. Using different combinations of modes, a 3D circulation is decomposed as a hierarchy of "elementary" currents of different scales and/or with different kinematic properties. These can be used to select the spatial energy-dominant scales and coherent circulation structures in complex oceanic flows. The dominant time scales of the flow can be extracted from the spectral coefficients using wavelet analysis. It is always possible to select the wavelet coefficients with respect to a specified time scale, and reconstruct a filtered version of the flow from them, selecting only energy-dominating scales (ridges on scalogram). To perform such decomposition, an objective threshold is defined in terms of the wavelet coefficients. Using modal decomposition and a highly efficient filtering technique (which determines the optimal number of modes in the modal decomposition) ocean currents are reconstructed from irregularly spaced and noisy data, filling spatial gaps in inhomogeneous observational coverage. The estimates are robust for a given observational sampling and tend to the "true" solutions as the variance of random measurement error vanishes. The capability of the developed modal decomposition is illustrated by a number of oceanographic examples. First, energy-dominant currents including coherent mesoscale eddies and Rossby waves were detected in high-resolution ROMS (UCLA) output fields off Central California. Second, the mid-depth large-scale currents in the North Atlantic were reconstructed from Argo float data. Third, the FGGE data were used to reconstruct the near-surface large-scale circulation in the Southern Ocean. These examples show that the modal decomposition seems to be a highly efficient diagnostic technique for ocean circulation from large scales to submesoscales. C1 [Ivanov, L. M.; Collins, C. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-084-8 PY 2009 BP 31 EP 69 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BKT98 UT WOS:000269226600002 ER PT B AU Peng, G Garraffo, Z Halliwell, GR Smedstad, OM Meinen, CS Kourafalou, V Hogan, P AF Peng, G. Garraffo, Z. Halliwell, G. R. Smedstad, O. M. Meinen, C. S. Kourafalou, V. Hogan, P. BE Long, JA Wells, DS TI TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT AT 27 degrees N SO OCEAN CIRCULATION AND EL NINO: NEW RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE; APRIL 1982; PRESSURE AB The variability of annual cycle of the Florida Current transport and its relationship to variability of large-scale atmospheric forcing is examined using time series of daily Florida Current transport based on submarine cable voltage measurements from 1982 to 2005. To investigate the impact of large-scale atmospheric forcing variations represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), two NAO regimes, strong positive and strong negative, are defined in order to isolate basic characteristics of the annual cycles of the Florida Current transport associated with those two regimes. The strong positive (negative) NAO regime is defined as being when the NAO index is greater (less) than 0.8 (-0.8). A minimum of 30.46 Sv in the Florida Current transport is found in January and a maximum of 33.71 in July with a mean of 32.12 Sv based on daily composites of all cable data, which is consistent with previous studies. A distinct difference between those two opposing NAO regimes occurs in late winter, with a minimum (maximum) for the strong positive (negative) NAOs in March. As for the summer peak, it occurs in May for the strong positive NAOs and in July for the strong negative NAOs, as in the normal year. There is a 5% fluctuation in the mean Florida Current transport values between those two strong NAO regimes. Using daily transport time series for the Florida Current calculated from various model experiments for the year 2004, along with the Florida Current transport derived from cable and in-situ measurements from research cruises, we have shown that the Florida Current transport is not sensitive to the resolution of local atmospheric forcing or to the model vertical resolution. However, the major influence on fluctuations on time scales of a few days to several weeks is found to be linked to basin-scale variability in the North Atlantic Ocean. The decadal variability of the Florida Current transport is examined using a 54-year time series of Florida Current transport anomaly from a 1/3o North Atlantic model simulation. The model Florida Current transport anomaly is found to be loosely correlated with the NAO anomaly. The time series of the sea surface height difference (sshdif) between the subtropical gyre and subpolar gyre, however, is strongly correlated with the NAO anomaly, with NAO leading by about 2.5 years. The results also show that the sshdif is well correlated with the model Florida Current transport anomaly, with sshdif leading by about 3.5 years. This suggests that the decadal variability of the Florida Current transport is largely controlled by the variability of the internal ocean dynamics forced by the NAO variability rather than by the NAO variability itself. C1 [Peng, G.; Garraffo, Z.; Halliwell, G. R.; Kourafalou, V.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hogan, P.] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. EM gpeng@sdsio.jpl.nasa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Peng, Ge /D-8003-2014 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-084-8 PY 2009 BP 119 EP 137 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BKT98 UT WOS:000269226600005 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Kraska, J AF Wilson, Brian Kraska, James TI American Security and Law of the Sea SO OCEAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article DE law of the sea; maritime security; freedom of navigation; oceans policy; oceans law; exclusive economic zone; EEZ AB With the election of President Barack Obama and renewed interest in the Law of the Sea Convention inside the United States, this article pulls from obscurity the key U.S. declarations, understandings, and conditions of ratification to the Treaty, considers their context and meaning for U.S. security interests, and helps to place them into the lexicon of oceans law and policy that informs the greater dialogue of international security and strategy. C1 [Wilson, Brian] S Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Kraska, James] S Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Wilson, Brian] USN, Legal Off, Washington, DC USA. [Kraska, James] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), USN, Legal Off, Washington, DC USA. EM brianstwilson@gmail.com; james.kraska@gmail.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8320 J9 OCEAN DEV INT LAW JI Ocean Dev. Int. Law PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 268 EP 290 AR PII 913764318 DI 10.1080/00908320903077001 PG 23 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 481HS UT WOS:000268799000002 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Loh, WY AF Kara, A. Birol Wallcraft, Alan J. Hurlburt, Harley E. Loh, Wei-Yin TI Quantifying SST errors from an OGCM in relation to atmospheric forcing variables SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE SST bias; HYCOM; Atmospheric forcing; Wind speed; Fractional factorial design ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN MIXED-LAYER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLOBAL OCEAN; BLACK-SEA; CLIMATE; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB The relationship between various atmospheric variables at the sea surface and climatological monthly means of sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated over the global ocean. The goal is to quantify the change in SST that results solely from variations in a particular atmospheric variable. This is accomplished using a series of numerical simulations from an atmospherically-forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM). It is first demonstrated that SST variations at all latitudes are generally strongly and positively correlated with increases in near-surface air temperature, and vapor mixing ratio and net short-wave radiation at the sea surface, while they are often moderately and negatively correlated with increases in near-surface wind speed. There is only a weak and negative relationship between variations in SST and those in net longwave radiation at the sea surface. Variations in the net shortwave radiation and vapor mixing ratio are found to have more influence in driving the seasonal cycle of SST than other atmospheric variables. Global averages of slope values from the least squares fit indicate that a 1 degrees C change in air temperature results in approximate to 0.2 degrees C change in SST. Similarly, a 1 g kg(-1) change in vapor mixing ratio gives approximate to 4.4 degrees C change in SST, and 10 W m(-2) change in shortwave (longwave) radiation results in approximate to 0.13 degrees C (approximate to 0.07 degrees C) change in SST. All these values vary regionally, and are neither constant nor in the same direction everywhere. In addition, some atmospheric variables are already correlated to each other. Therefore, a fractional factorial design which involves the joint effects of all atmospheric variables on SST at the same time is further applied. Results from the factorial design are somewhat consistent with the simple linear regression analysis, in that a 2 degrees C increase in air temperature can typically give an increase in SST, generally ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 degrees C over the global ocean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kara, A. Birol; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Loh, Wei-Yin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; alan.wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; harley.hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil; loh@stat.wisc.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.03.001 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 450WT UT WOS:000266432800004 ER PT J AU van Sebille, E van Leeuwen, PJ Biastoch, A Barron, CN de Ruijter, WPM AF van Sebille, E. van Leeuwen, P. J. Biastoch, A. Barron, C. N. de Ruijter, W. P. M. TI Lagrangian validation of numerical drifter trajectories using drifting buoys: Application to the Agulhas system SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical Lagrangian drifters; Model validation; Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics; Drifting buoys ID ATLANTIC INTEROCEAN EXCHANGE; MODEL; DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; LEAKAGE; SEA AB The skill of numerical Lagrangian drifter trajectories in three numerical models is assessed by comparing these numerically obtained paths to the trajectories of drifting buoys in the real ocean. The skill assessment is performed using the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. To demonstrate the assessment procedure, it is applied to three different models of the Agulhas region. The test can either be performed using crossing positions of one-dimensional sections in order to test model performance in specific locations, Or using the total two-dimensional data set of trajectories. The test yields four quantities: a binary decision of model skill, a confidence level which can be used as a measure of goodness-of-fit of the model, a test statistic which can be used to determine the sensitivity of the confidence level, and cumulative distribution functions that aid in the qualitative analysis. The ordering of models by their confidence levels is the same as the ordering based on the qualitative analysis, which suggests that the method is suited for model validation. Only one of the three models, a 1/10 degrees two-way nested regional ocean model, might have skill in the Agulhas region. The other two models, a 1/2 degrees global model and a 1/8 degrees assimilative model, might have skill only on some sections in the region. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Sebille, E.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Biastoch, A.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Barron, C. N.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP van Sebille, E (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Princetonpl 5, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM E.vanSebille@uu.nl RI van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; van Leeuwen, Peter Jan/A-1271-2010; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; de Ruijter, Wilhelmus/I-2541-2016 OI van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; van Leeuwen, Peter Jan/0000-0003-2325-5340; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO [EO-079] FX EvS is sponsored by the SRON User Support Programme under Grant EO-079, with financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.05.005 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 477MG UT WOS:000268522600005 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Collins, CA Marchesiello, P Margolina, TM AF Ivanov, L. M. Collins, C. A. Marchesiello, P. Margolina, T. M. TI On model validation for meso/submesoscale currents: Metrics and application to ROMS off Central California SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Models; ROMS; Submesoscale features; Mesoscale features; Subsurface drifters; Satellite altimetly ID REGIONAL OCEAN MODELS; CURRENT SYSTEM; STOCHASTIC STABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DISPERSION; TOPEX/POSEIDON; MESOSCALE; DIFFUSION; SIGNALS AB ROMS with horizontal grid spacing of 3.5 km for the region off Central California was compared to RAFOS float observations and satellite altimetry on meso/submesoscales. The approach introduced and used two new metrics for model-data comparison, as well as suggested how to calculate these metrics for different spatio-temporal scales. The first metric consisted of the first two moments of exit time and was used to compare ROMS against RAFOS float observations at mid-depths (between 300 m and 350 m). Exit time is the time a float launched at a point takes to leave a domain for the first time. The second metric was spectral entropy and was used to estimate how well ROMS reproduced variability of the sea surface height (SSH) anomaly field extracted from an AVISO data set (1992-2007) for specified temporal and spatial scales. Calculations showed that ROMS reproduced the mid-depth mesoscale/Submesoscale Currents next to the coast in a very accurate manner (low-order exit time statistics of floats were reproduced by ROMS with an accuracy better than 95%); but ROMS overestimated the speed of westward drift of floats by as much as 20-30% at distances greater than 350 kin from the coastline. ROMS predicted the variability of the mesoscale (100-400 km) SSH anomaly field for temporal scales of 1-12 months with a reasonable accuracy. A wavelet transform modulus maxima technique applied to the spectral entropy of SSH anomaly also demonstrated good agreement between ROMS and satellite altimetry for mesoscales characterized by singular exponents and multi-fractal spectra for 1-12 month time scales. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ivanov, L. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95033 USA. [Collins, C. A.; Margolina, T. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Marchesiello, P.] IRD, Ctr Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Margolina, T. M.] Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95033 USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu FU NSF [OCE-0530748, OCE-0827168]; National Research Council for a Research Associateship at the Naval Postgraduate School. Comments of Prof. J. McWilliams [OCE-0827169] FX This study was supported by NSF Award OCE-0530748 and OCE-0827168 for Prof. C. Collins and OCE-0827169 for Dr. L. Ivanov. Dr. T. Margolina thanks the National Research Council for a Research Associateship at the Naval Postgraduate School. Comments of Prof. J. McWilliams (University of California in Los Angeles, CA) were extremely useful and improved and clarified the manuscript. Thanks are also given to two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. MATLAB (R)' Wavelet Toolbox and Fraclab (INRIA - http://fractales.inria.fr/) were used for multi-fractal analysis of spectral entropy series. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 209 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.02.003 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 443KP UT WOS:000265908900003 ER PT J AU Dukhovskoy, DS Morey, SL Martin, PJ O'Brien, JJ Cooper, C AF Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S. Morey, Steven L. Martin, Paul J. O'Brien, James J. Cooper, Cortis TI Application of a vanishing, quasi-sigma, vertical coordinate for simulation of high-speed, deep currents over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical models; Deep currents; Topographic waves; Numerical truncation error; Vertical discretization; Sigsbee Escarpment; Gulf of Mexico ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT ERRORS; OCEAN MODELS; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; WAVES; FORCE AB Recent observations over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed extremely energetic deep currents (near 1 m s(-1)), which are trapped along the escarpment. Both scientific interest and engineering needs demand dynamical understanding of these extreme events, and can benefit from a numerical model designed to complement observational and theoretical investigations in this region of complicated topography. The primary objective of this study is to develop a modeling methodology capable of simulating these physical processes and apply the model to the Sigsbee Escarpment region. The very steep slope of the Sigsbee Escarpment (0.05-0.1) limits the application of ocean models with traditional terrain-following (sigma) vertical coordinates, which may represent the very complicated topography in the region adequately, can result in large truncation errors during calculation of the horizontal pressure gradient. A new vertical coordinate system, termed a vanishing quasi-sigma coordinate, is implemented in the Navy Coastal Ocean Model for application to the Sigsbee Escarpment region. Vertical coordinate surfaces for this grid have noticeably gentler slopes than a traditional sigma grid, while still following the terrain near the ocean bottom. The new vertical grid is tested with a suite of numerical experiments and compared to a classical sigma-layer model. The numerical error is substantially reduced in the model with the new vertical grid. A one-year, realistic, numerical simulation is performed to simulate strong, deep currents over the Escarpment using a very-high-resolution nested modeling approach. The model results are analyzed to demonstrate that the deep-ocean currents in the simulation replicate the prominent dynamical features of the observed intense currents in the region. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S.; Morey, Steven L.; O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Martin, Paul J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cooper, Cortis] Chevron Overseas Petr Inc, Energy Techol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Dukhovskoy, DS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,RM Johnson Bldg,Suite 200, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ddmitry@coaps.fsu.edu; smorey@coaps.fsu.edu; paul.martin@nrlssc.navy.mil; jobrien@coaps.fsu.edu; cortcooper@chevron.com OI Morey, Steven/0000-0002-6585-1688 FU DeepStar FX This study was funded by DeepStar. The authors would like to thank Alan Wallcraft at the Naval Research Laboratory for assistance with the model. We acknowledge the Florida State University shared High-Performance Computing facility and staff for contributions to results presented in this paper. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 250 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.02.009 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 443KP UT WOS:000265908900006 ER PT J AU van Sebille, E Barron, CN Biastoch, A van Leeuwen, PJ Vossepoel, FC de Ruijter, WPM AF van Sebille, E. Barron, C. N. Biastoch, A. van Leeuwen, P. J. Vossepoel, F. C. de Ruijter, W. P. M. TI Relating Agulhas leakage to the Agulhas Current retroflection location SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTER-OCEAN EXCHANGE; BOUNDARY CURRENT; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CURRENT SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; EDDIES; IMPACT; MODEL AB The relation between the Agulhas Current retroflection location and the magnitude of Agulhas leakage, the transport of water from the Indian to the Atlantic Ocean, is investigated in a high-resolution numerical ocean model. Sudden eastward retreats of the Agulhas Current retroflection loop are linearly related to the shedding of Agulhas rings, where larger retreats generate larger rings. Using numerical Lagrangian floats a 37 year time series of the magnitude of Agulhas leakage in the model is constructed. The time series exhibits large amounts of variability, both on weekly and annual time scales. A linear relation is found between the magnitude of Agulhas leakage and the location of the Agulhas Current retroflection, both binned to three month averages. In the relation, a more westward location of the Agulhas Current retroflection corresponds to an increased transport from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. When this relation is used in a linear regression and applied to almost 20 years of altimetry data, it yields a best estimate of the mean magnitude of Agulhas leakage of 13.2 Sv. The early retroflection of 2000, when Agulhas leakage was probably halved, can be identified using the regression. C1 [van Sebille, E.; van Leeuwen, P. J.; Vossepoel, F. C.; de Ruijter, W. P. M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Barron, C. N.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Vossepoel, F. C.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Biastoch, A.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP van Sebille, E (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM e.vanSebille@uu.nl RI van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; van Leeuwen, Peter Jan/A-1271-2010; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; de Ruijter, Wilhelmus/I-2541-2016 OI van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; van Leeuwen, Peter Jan/0000-0003-2325-5340; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; FU SRON [EO-079]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO; European Commission [SIP3-CT-2003-502885]; SRON-UU-DUT FX EvS is sponsored by the SRON User Support Programme under Grant EO-079, with financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO. PJvL is partly supported by the MERSEA project of the European Commission under Contract SIP3-CT-2003-502885. FCV was funded by the SRON-UU-DUT Framework Program "Space-based Observations of System Earth". Model and float integrations have been performed at the Hochstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgard (HLRS). The AVISO data set was produced by Ssalto/Duacs, with support from CNES. We thank the reviewers for their useful comments to earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was inspired by the late Fritz Schott, who placed the general question of Indian Ocean climate indexes on the agenda of the CLIVAR Indian Ocean Panel. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 536QT UT WOS:000273059600010 ER PT J AU Tokmakian, R AF Tokmakian, R. TI On the multiple time scales of variability in the Northeast Pacific Ocean SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE CIRCULATION; WAVELET ANALYSIS; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; SIGNAL; GYRES AB The spatial and temporal sea surface height energy distribution of the Northeast Pacific Ocean is described and discussed. Using an altimetric data set covering 15 years (1993-2007), the energy within the 3-9 month band is primarily located within 10 degrees of the coast. In the Gulf of Alaska, this energy signal is on the shelf, while further south, west of the California/Oregon coast, the significant energy in this band is west of the shelf break. In both cases, it is primarily forced by the local wind. Within the 2-3 year band, the signal reflects energy generated by local changes to the wind stress from large atmospheric shifts indicated by the Pacific North American Index and by advective or propagating processes related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Over the two 4-6 year periods within this data set, the change is primarily due to the large scale shift in atmospheric systems north of about 30 degrees N which also affect changes in current strengths. Based on the distribution of the energy signal and its variability, a set of three winter-time indices are suggested to characterize the distinct differences in the SSH anomalies in these areas. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tokmakian, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtt@nps.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 591 EP 605 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 536QT UT WOS:000273059600016 ER PT J AU Vincent, L AF Vincent, Linwood BE Glickson, D TI Introduction and Goals SO OCEANOGRAPHY IN 2025 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 CY JAN 08-09, 2009 CL Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board, Irvine, CA HO Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Vincent, L (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13745-4 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BC0JF UT WOS:000349083500001 ER PT J AU Perry, MJ Sieracki, M Ward, B Weidemann, A AF Perry, Mary Jane Sieracki, Michael Ward, Bess Weidemann, Alan BE Glickson, D TI Who's Blooming? Toward an Understanding of Why Certain Species Dominate Phytoplankton Blooms SO OCEANOGRAPHY IN 2025 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 CY JAN 08-09, 2009 CL Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board, Irvine, CA HO Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board C1 [Perry, Mary Jane; Sieracki, Michael] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Ward, Bess] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA. [Weidemann, Alan] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Perry, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13745-4 PY 2009 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BC0JF UT WOS:000349083500033 ER PT S AU Pawlak, G De Carlo, EH Fram, JP Hebert, AB Jones, CS McLaughlin, BE McManus, MA Millikan, KS Sansone, FJ Stanton, TP Wells, JR AF Pawlak, G. De Carlo, E. H. Fram, J. P. Hebert, A. B. Jones, C. S. McLaughlin, B. E. McManus, M. A. Millikan, K. S. Sansone, F. J. Stanton, T. P. Wells, J. R. GP IEEE TI Development, Deployment, and Operation of Kilo Nalu Nearshore Cabled Observatory SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 - Europe Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE ID HAWAII; SYSTEM; TIDES AB The Kilo Nalu Observatory, located on the south shore of the island of Oahu, supplies data and power connections to a suite of instruments over an array of stations extending from 12 to 20 m water depth which enable real-time extended time series observations, as well as individual user-specific interactive and automated experiments. The observatory power backbone includes a central distribution node at 12 m depth which controls DC power for up to four secondary nodes distributed across the reef; each node, in turn, provides isolated power for up to four experiment modules or 'subnodes'. The shore cable also provides gigabit Ethernet data communications to the central node over optical fiber, with 100 Mb data bandwidth capability routed subsequently to each node. A monitoring system provides real-time diagnostic data on power system performance. Backbone data connections to remote nodes are achieved using underwater mate-able 'micro-nodes' that transmit Ethernet over fiber optic cable. Raw observational and diagnostic data are collected and archived at a shore station and transmitted via wireless link to the University of Hawai'i at Manoa campus where a database system provides products to a web interface (www.soest.hawaii.edu/OE/KiloNalu). Baseline observations include water currents and temperature versus depth, directional wave spectra, salinity, acoustic backscatter, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll fluorescence. Meteorological data is collected at the observatory's shore station. Kilo Nalu is part of the broader Hawai'i Ocean Observing System (HIOOS), which includes observational and forecast components across the Hawaiian Islands. C1 [Pawlak, G.; Fram, J. P.; Hebert, A. B.; Millikan, K. S.; Wells, J. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [De Carlo, E. H.; Jones, C. S.; McLaughlin, B. E.; McManus, M. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stanton, T. P.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pawlak, G (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Pawlak, Geno/F-9984-2014 OI Pawlak, Geno/0000-0003-3718-1880 FU ONR Young Investigator [N00014-03-1-0486]; National Science Foundation CoOP [OCE-0536616]; NSF [OCE-0327332, OCE-0824832]; ONR projects [N00014-06-1-0224, N00014-07-1-1182]; NOAA Coastal Services Center [NA07NOS4730207]; NOAA Sea [NA050AR4171048] FX Kilo Nalu was developed and deployed with support from ONR Young Investigator Award N00014-03-1-0486 and National Science Foundation CoOP project OCE-0536616. Kilo Nalu has also received funding from NSF projects OCE-0327332 and OCE-0824832, ONR projects N00014-06-1-0224 and N00014-07-1-1182, NOAA Coastal Services Center project NA07NOS4730207, NOAA Sea Grant award NA050AR4171048, as well as from the City and County of Honolulu, and the University of Hawai'i School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. We are very grateful for the continued assistance from the State of Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) and from the Hawai'i Community Development Association (HCDA) NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400021 ER PT S AU Barisic, M Vukic, Z Miskovic, N Kragelund, SP AF Barisic, Matko Vukic, Zoran Miskovic, Nikola Kragelund, Sean P. GP IEEE TI A MOOS-Based Online Trajectory Re-planning System For AUVs SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 - Europe Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE AB his paper describes an open source navigation system architecture for use in autonomous underwater vehicles. It is based on the Mission Oriented Operating System proposed, published and programmed by ([1], [2]). It is uniquely applicable for work-in-progress type and development-stage software and capability installation onto an AUV system. This applicability is achieved by its completely modular nature, which is obtained by the operating system kernel running separate processes for each advanced navigation or control feature. Robustness is also achieved in this respect since failures and errors will cause only the individual modules that incurs them to fail. Such critical errors, bugs and failures will thereby be contained and their propagation halted from completely freezing even the low-level control loops and decision-making processes needed to successfully retrieve the malfunctioning AUV. C1 [Barisic, Matko; Vukic, Zoran; Miskovic, Nikola] Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Underwater Syst & Technol, Unska 3, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [Kragelund, Sean P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Autonomous, Underwater Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Barisic, M (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Underwater Syst & Technol, Unska 3, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. EM matko.barisic@fer.hr; spkragel@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 338 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400058 ER PT S AU Hausler, AJ Ghabcheloo, R Kaminer, I Pascoal, AM Aguiar, AP AF Haeusler, Andreas J. Ghabcheloo, Reza Kaminer, Isaac Pascoal, Antonio M. Aguiar, A. Pedro GP IEEE TI Path Planning for Multiple Marine Vehicles SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 - Europe Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE ID COOPERATIVE CONTROL; SENSOR NETWORKS AB Motivated by increasingly complex and challenging missions at sea, there is widespread interest in the development of advanced systems for cooperative control of multiple autonomous marine vehicles. Central to the implementation of these systems is the availability of efficient algorithms for multiple vehicle path planning that can take explicitly into account the capabilities of each vehicle and existing environmental conditions. Examples include path planning to steer a group of marine vehicles and enable them to reach a specific target site simultaneously with a desired formation pattern, while avoiding inter-vehicle collisions, and online path replanning for a vehicle fleet upon detection of episodic events or obstacles. Multiple vehicle path planning methods build necessarily on key concepts and algorithms for single vehicle path following. However, they go one step further in that they must explicitly address such issues as inter-vehicle collision avoidance and simultaneous times of arrival. As such, they pose considerable challenges both from a theoretical and practical implementation standpoint. This paper is a brief survey of multiple vehicle path planning techniques. The exposition is focused on specific algorithms for path planning developed in the scope of research work in which the authors have participated. The algorithms make ample use of direct optimization methods that lead to efficient and fast techniques for path generation. The paper affords the reader a fast paced presentation of key algorithms that had their genesis in the aircraft field, discusses them critically, and suggests problems that warrant further consideration. C1 [Haeusler, Andreas J.; Pascoal, Antonio M.; Aguiar, A. Pedro] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Ghabcheloo, Reza] Tampere Univ Technol, Dept Intelligent Hydraul & Automat, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Kaminer, Isaac] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hausler, AJ (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM ahaeusler@isr.ist.utl.pt; reza.ghabcheloo@tut.fi; kaminer@nps.navy.edu; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; pedro@isr.ist.utl.pt RI Hausler, Andreas/E-6171-2013 OI Hausler, Andreas/0000-0001-5584-1155 FU FREEslibNET Network of the EU [MRTN- C'12 006- 03 61 8 6]; IST [035223]; EUFP7 [231378]; PTNAV controIIFCT PT [PTDCIEEAACR/65996/2006]; FCTTSRlIST; POS C/FEDER FX Researched supported by the FREEslibNET Network of the EU (contract No. MRTN- C'12 006- 03 61 8 6) , project GREX/CEC IST (contract No.035223),projectCo3AUVs(EUFP7,grant agreementNo.231378).project NAV controIIFCT PT(PTDCIEEAACR/65996/2006),and the FCTTSRlIST plurianual fuding program (POS C/FEDER). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 423 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400070 ER PT S AU Johnson, MH AF Johnson, Mary H. GP IEEE TI Synthetic Elements for Moving Line Arrays SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE AB Beamformed line arrays are limited in frequency coverage by both the Nyquist rate imposed by temporal sampling and by the spatial separation of the individual sensors of the array. The spatial limitation, analogous to the Nyquist rate, is imposed by the necessity of adequately sampling the waveform in space in order to distinguish one arrival angle from another. A moving line array effectively samples the space more densely than a stationary array, and, thus, with an adequate temporal sampling rate, meets the sampling criterion for higher frequency coverage than does the stationary array. This paper explores methodology for exploiting array motion to process higher frequency regions at all steered directions in order to use the full frequency capability of the array. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Johnson, MH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Code 1522,Bldg 1320 Room 105,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02842 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 759 EP 764 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400120 ER PT S AU Smith, TA Campbell, T Small, RJ Allard, R AF Smith, Travis A. Campbell, T. Small, R. J. Allard, R. GP IEEE TI Two-Way Atmospheric and Oceanic Coupling of the Adriatic Bora SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID BOTTOM AB Two-way fully-coupled ESMF (Earth System Modeling Framework) COAMPS (R) (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) simulations of the Adriatic Sea bora were performed to compare to observational data from several recent field studies as well as to an uncoupled simulation. Results show that latent and sensible heat fluxes were superior in the fully coupled run using NCOM (Navy Coastal Ocean Model) SSTs than the uncoupled run utilizing just NCODA (Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation) SSTs. COAMPS winds and wind stresses produced by the bora events show mixed results when compared to the observational data. The ocean circulation pattern in the fully-coupled run responded by producing mixed results with regard to the double gyre surface current pattern that is prevalent during strong bora events. C1 [Smith, Travis A.; Campbell, T.; Small, R. J.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smith, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009,Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 104 EP 113 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600018 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Kuo, YH AF Chu, Peter C. Kuo, Yu-heng GP IEEE TI Biophysical Variability in the Kuroshio Extension from Altimeter and SeaWiFS SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Kuroshio Extension; SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a; warm-core ring; cold-core ring; negative correlation ID WAVES AB Ten years (1998-2007) of Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) from multiple satellite altimeters and chlorophyll-a concentration from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) were used to investigate the eddy structure and associated biophysical processes in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region near 35 degrees N. Seasonal SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a concentrations cycles and annual changes of altimeter SLA are derived for the subtropical North Pacific near 35 degrees N and along the KE axis. Spatial structure of SeaWiFS is determined as the deviations from a local seasonal cycle and examined in relation to altimeter eddy structure. In the KE region, SeaWiFS structure is evident during the spring bloom period with a scale around 460 km. Eddy propagation speeds and scales are examined. Cold-core (cyclonic) rings correspond to areas of high SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a. Warm-core (anticyclonic) rings relate to areas of low chlorophyll-a concentration. SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a anomalies and Altimeter SLA structure have an overall negative correlation coefficient of r=-0.36. Swirl currents between eddies redistribute surface chlorophyll concentrations and can spatially bias maximum and minimum concentration levels off eddy center. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Kuo, Yu-heng] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600027 ER PT S AU Chu, P AF Chu, Peter GP IEEE TI Analysis of Remotely Sensed Ocean Data by the Optimal Spectral Decomposition (OSD) Method SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Optimal spectral decomposition; Argo drifter; Lagrangian data; satellite data; rotation method ID FLOW DECOMPOSITION; SPARSE AB A new data analysis/assimilation scheme, optimal spectral decomposition (OSD), has been developed to reanalyze fields from noisy and sparse data in a domain with open boundary conditions using two scalar representations for a three-dimensional incompressible flow. The reanalysis procedure is divided into two steps: (a) specification of basis functions in the spectral decomposition from knowledge of boundary geometry and velocity and (b) determination of coefficients in the spectral decomposition for the circulation solving linear or nonlinear regression equations. The basis functions are the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian operator with mixed boundary conditions. The optimization process is used to obtain unique and stable solutions on the base of an iteration procedure with special regularization (the filtration. The capability is demonstrated using various examples. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Natl Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Natl Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600028 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC AF Isaacs, Jason C. GP IEEE TI Diffusion Map Kernel Analysis for Target Classification SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; EIGENMAPS AB Given a high dimensional dataset, one would like to be able to represent this data using fewer parameters while preserving relevant information, previously this was done with principal component analysis, factor analysis, or feature selection. However, if we assume the original data actually exists on a lower dimensional manifold embedded in a high dimensional feature space, then recently popularized approaches based in graph-theory and differential geometry allow us to learn the underlying manifold that generates the data. One such manifold-learning technique, called Diffusion Maps, is said to preserve the local proximity between data points by first constructing a representation for the underlying manifold. This work examines binary target classification problems using Diffusion Maps to embed the data with various kernel representations for the diffusion parameter. Results demonstrate that specific kernels are well suited for Diffusion Map applications on some sonar feature sets and in general certain kernels outperform the standard Gaussian and Polynomial kernels, on several of the higher dimensional data sets including the sonar data contrasting with their performance on the lower-dimensional publically available data sets. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 270 EP 276 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600038 ER PT S AU Ruppel, TH AF Ruppel, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Generating Acoustic Provinces for the US Navy's Low Frequency Bottom Loss Database Using Geographic Information Systems SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The U.S. Navy's Low Frequency Bottom Loss (LFBL) database is released and maintained by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and used as an environmental input to many of the Navy-standard tactical decision aids. It is designed to support the Navy's operational requirements in determining the nature of the interaction of 20 1000 Hz acoustic energy with the sea bottom. The general methodology of generating shallow-water LFBL databases was described in a previous paper. [Harvey, D.W., Lowrie, A., and Filipczyk, R. D., Oceans '02 MTSTIEE Volume 1, pages 358-362.1 LFBL is based on acoustic and seismic measurements performed at-sea by NAVOCEANO survey teams and subsequent geo-acoustic inversions of the measured data using the Navy Standard Parabolic Equation (NSPE) model and the resources of the Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center (Navy DSRC). LFBL is composed of a global database that is available worldwide and four regional databases for which additional acoustic and geological measurements were made. The global and regional databases use different parameter sets to describe bottom interactions. In the global database, a set of 10 parameters is used to describe an effective one-layer bottom. In the regional databases the bottom is parameterized using a set of effective acoustic layers described by sound speed, density, and attenuation at the top and bottom of each layer. The acoustic properties of the effective layers may not correspond to the actual density, sound speed, or attenuation of the physical bottom at a given location, but collectively, they are found to accurately predict acoustic propagation of bottom-interacting sound paths, and the values are constrained in the geo-acoustic inversion to geologically reasonable values. Hence, the regional databases are also known as "N-Layer" databases. Starting with LFBL Version 11.1, LFBL has also included error metrics in the regional databases to indicate the degree of confidence for the values therein in order to provide improved guidance for operational decision-making. For both the global and regional databases, the geographic region is divided into provinces over which it is assumed that the sub-bottom acoustic parameters are constant, even if the sub-bottom layer depths in the N-Layer regions vary. The sub-bottom layer depths are determined from geological interpretation of acoustic two-way travel times using data gathered concurrent with, but with independent equipment from, the acoustic transmission loss (TL) measurements. A new technique has been devised for determining province boundaries in the regional databases using geographic information systems (GIS). In brief, rough provinces are sketched out by geologists at NAVOCEANO. The locations of the TL measurements are added onto this map, and colored lines (dubbed "geo-acoustic connections") are drawn between the TL measurements to indicate how accurately the inverted parameters from one measurement predict the results of the other. The province boundaries are then adjusted to include (as much as possible) only measurements whose inverted parameters accurately predict TL at the other measurement sites within the province. Parameters are chosen for a given province by selecting the parameter set within the province that produces the best confidence metrics. C1 USN, Acoust Modeling & Database Div, Acoust Anal Branch, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Ruppel, TH (reprint author), USN, Acoust Modeling & Database Div, Acoust Anal Branch, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600039 ER PT S AU Steed, CA Cheng, CF Harvey, DW AF Steed, Chad A. Cheng, Chiu-Fu Tiger Harvey, David W. GP IEEE TI Development of the Geophysical Data Base Variable Resolution (GDBV) Version 2 using HDF5 SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Geophysical Data Base Variable resolution Version 2 (GDBV V2) provides a high performance database format for ocean bottom characterization by utilizing a flexible data model implemented using the Hierarchical Data Format Version 5 (HDF5). GDBV V2 has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Lockheed Martin in close collaboration with the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). GDBV has been designed to support the parameters stored in NAVOCEANO's ocean bottom database products: Low Frequency Bottom Loss (LFBL), High Frequency Bottom Loss (HFBL), and Bottom Sediment Type (BST). In this paper, we describe the initial study to select the HDF5 format, as well as details regarding the GDBV data model, utilities, and implementation. Using the current GDBV V2 release candidate, we also present the initial performance statistics, which reveal excellent performance as compared to the current NAVOCEANO database formats. C1 [Steed, Chad A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steed, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM csteed@acm.org; ccheng@nrlssc.navy.mil; david.w.harvey@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 286 EP 291 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600041 ER PT S AU Petry, FE AF Petry, Frederick E. GP IEEE TI Issues for Meteorological and Oceanographic Data Web Services SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Web Services are becoming the standard technology used to share data for many Navy and other DoD operations. These enable an automated capability to obtain and integrate data for data fusion. This paper will address issues that are involved in coordination and collaboration for Met Oc data access and exchange across enterprise boundaries. This includes issues of JMBL, JMBL-OGC compatibility and UCore messaging. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600042 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TC AF Nguyen, T. C. GP IEEE TI Integral Representation of Linear Free-Surface Potential Flows for Bottom Pressure Calculation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A numerical method for evaluating the steady, finite-depth Green function and a new boundary-integral representation of velocity in a potential flow region are presented in this paper. Unlike the classical formulation using Green identity where the velocity potential 0 in the fluid domain is given in terms of boundary values of 0 and its normal derivative, the new representation defines the velocity components u and v directly in terms of the velocity distribution at the boundary control surface. This difference is very useful when the near-field flow is computed using a RANS solver, and far-field flow parameter such as bottom pressure is desired. Typical RANS solution does not involve the potential 0 and is not very accurate in the far field because of numerical damping, coarse grid, and inexact radiation conditions. However, RANS solution can be used to prescribe the velocity distribution at a control surface enclosing the ship. This control surface is large enough so that the flow outside can be considered linear and potential. The new integral representation can be applied to this outer potential flow region to quickly compute the velocity components and pressure on the seafloor. The new representation is similar to that given in [1] for infinite fluid depth, but it differs in one important aspect. Instead of using a Fourier-Kochin formulation, the new representation expresses the velocity explicitly in terms of the derivatives of the Green function. This was done intentionally to take advantage of the new numerical method for the Green function. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Nguyen, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 333 EP 342 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600050 ER PT S AU Hyland, JC Smith, CM AF Hyland, J. C. Smith, C. M. GP IEEE TI Nonparametric Spatial Analysis for Mine Line Detection SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The development of tools for automated analysis of data collected for mine countermeasures (MCM) search, classify and map (SCM) has predominantly focused on automated target recognition for individual mines. As MCM target detection becomes more automated, detecting spatial patterns in the positioning of mines should follow. Natural restrictions on mine deployment such as depth and bottom contour as well as mine deployment methodology and protocol effectively create mine line patterns that are typical to coastal areas. We have developed a mine line detection algorithm that uses nonparametric spatial analysis to identify mine-like contacts (MLCs) that fit into mine line patterns dictated by standard mine laying protocol in coastal regions. In general, a set of MLCs reported from a mine detection sensor will consist of both actual mines and false alarms; the algorithm classifies every MLC in this set into one of three classes: fixed - the MLC psi fits into a mine line pattern with fixed mine spacing; random the MLC psi fits into a mine line pattern with random mine spacing; or false alarm psi- the MLC psi does not fit into a mine line pattern and is subsequently not considered a mine. The latest version of the algorithm utilizes nonparametric techniques and requires no knowledge of either the detection sensor's probability of detection (P(d)) or probability of false alarm (P(fa)). A nonparametric anomaly detector first identifies regions with unusually high MLC density for more detailed analysis. Suspected regions are subsequently analyzed for unusually regular patterns of MLCs. The probabilities that the observed target densities and target patterns could occur simply by chance are estimated by comparison with results from nearby areas using basic information about mine deployment. To ensure that a mine line's full extent is captured, the algorithm attempts to grow a line after it is detected. And a more detailed probability analysis distinguishes random mine lines from fixed-spaced mine lines. Extensive Matlab simulations characterize the algorithm's performance across a wide range of operating environments and simulated minefield configurations. In total, ten replications each of 1,367 different configurations have been evaluated. These configurations include three different water depths (10 ft., 6 ft. and 200 ft.), six false notional alarm rates (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 false alarms per sq. NM), three false alarm distributions (uniform, sloped, and striped), three sensor probabilities of detections (0.4, 0.6 and 0.9), three target confidence scores (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) and four false alarm confidence scores (0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0). The range of simulation parameters was selected in part as an attempt to push the algorithm past its acceptable performance limits. However, the algorithm performed remarkably well even under the worst conditions. For MLC sets with false alarm rates as high as 20 per square nautical mile, the algorithm correctly classifies over 98% of the MLCs as mines and detects 97% of the mine lines. Furthermore, it reduces the false alarm rate from 20 to 0.2 per square nautical mile with a false mine line rate of 0.14 false lines per square nautical mile. The algorithm achieves even lower false alarm rates when the initial false alarm rate is less than 20. The automated mine line detection discovers many obscure lines that are virtually undetectable to the naked eye. C1 [Hyland, J. C.; Smith, C. M.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Hyland, JC (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600053 ER PT S AU Blain, CA Cambazoglu, MK Kourafalou, VH AF Blain, Cheryl Ann Cambazoglu, Mustafa Kemal Kourafalou, Vassiliki H. GP IEEE TI Modeling the Dardanelles Strait Outflow Plume Using a Coupled Model System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID EXCHANGE; SEA AB The ADvanced CIRCulation Model, ADCIRC, and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM, are coupled in the Northern Aegean Sea. Over its 62 km, the Dardanelles Strait connects the Aegean Sea to the Marmara Sea. The Dardanelles outflow spreads to the Aegean Sea as a buoyant plume showing seasonal characteristics. The unstructured nature of the ADCIRC mesh provides the resolution necessary to model flow in the narrow strait whose minimum width is about 1 km. During one-way coupling efforts, ADCIRC is initialized using interannual solutions for temperature, salinity, velocity and water surface elevation fields taken from a larger domain HYCOM-AMB model, covering the Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas. Experiments using the one-way coupled model system are targeted at early February and late May of 2003 representing typical winter-spring and summer-fall conditions, respectively. C1 [Blain, Cheryl Ann] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cambazoglu, Mustafa Kemal] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cheryl.ann.blain@nrlssc.navy.mil; kemal.cambazoglu.ctr.tu@nrlssc.navy.mil; vkourafalou@rsmas.miami.edu FU Office of Naval Research under the 6.2 NRL program "Development of a Multi-Scale Coupled Ocean Model System: Application to the Turkish Straits"; Naval Oceanographic Office were provided through the Department of Defense High-Performance Modernization Office (HPCMO) [NRL/PP/7320 09-9345] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under the 6.2 NRL program "Development of a Multi-Scale Coupled Ocean Model System: Application to the Turkish Straits". The authors appreciate Drs. E. Jarosz and J. Book of NRL, and S. Besiktepe of NURC for sharing observations collected during the TSS08 and TSS09 sea trials. Further thanks are extended also to Dr. J. Chiggiato (NURC) for software that facilitated optimal interpolation of the observational data, to Mr. I. Androulidakis (RSMAS) for providing HYCOM-NAS model run results and to Drs. B. Kara and A. Wallcraft of NRL for providing access to HYCOM-AMB run results used for model coupling purposes. Computational resources at the Naval Oceanographic Office were provided through the Department of Defense High-Performance Modernization Office (HPCMO). This paper is contribution number NRL/PP/7320 09-9345. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 407 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600060 ER PT S AU Blain, CA Linzell, RS Weidemann, AD Lyon, PE AF Blain, Cheryl Ann Linzell, Robert S. Weidemann, Alan D. Lyon, Paul E. GP IEEE TI A Tool for Rapid Configuration of A River Model SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A tool has been developed, the River Simulation Tool (RST), that allows the configuration of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic river model based on imagery-extracted information that defines model geometry and water depth, as available. The RST contains automated shoreline processing and mesh generation capabilities for unstructured grids and accommodates user-specified forcing and parameter values. Alternatively, the RST provides synthetic bathymetry and default forcing and parameter values for those situations in which observational data or information describing the river environment is unavailable. This manuscript describes the components of the RST in detail and its application to the upper East Pearl River, MS. Solutions for water level and currents from the RST-generated river model are compared to a "truth" solution for the same region. Implementation of the RST's ensemble creation feature allows an assessment of the sensitivity of river predictions to the specification of water depth, bottom type, and upstream discharge conditions. C1 [Blain, Cheryl Ann; Weidemann, Alan D.; Lyon, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Linzell, Robert S.] US Navy, Quinet N Amer, Technol sol Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM blain@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL 6.2 Core Project "The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network" FX This work is supported under the NRL 6.2 Core Project "The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network". The authors thank Dr. J. Paul McKay for sharing model data of the Pearl River, MS and helpful discussions on river dynamics. This paper is contribution number NRL/PP/7320/09/9352. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 415 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600061 ER PT S AU McKay, P Blain, CA AF McKay, Paul Blain, Cheryl Ann GP IEEE TI Toward Developing a Hydrodynamic Flow and Inundation Model of the Lower Pearl River SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The lower Pearl River in Mississippi and Louisiana flows through extensive areas of intertidal marshes and flood-plains and is subject to frequent floods due to upstream flows, local runoff and tidal and storm forcing. In order to improve flow and flood prediction capabilities, a hydrodynamic flow and inundation model for the lower Pearl River is being developed using ADCIRC by the river modeling group at the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center. Image analysis techniques are applied to high resolution aerial photography of the Pearl River to extract the channel boundaries and a synthetic bathymetry is generated by fitting an idealized cross-section across the channel. A mesh is generated for the entire lower Pearl River from Bogalusa, LA to the coast. A separate mesh is created for a subregion of the East Pearl River and this model is validated against observations. C1 [McKay, Paul; Blain, Cheryl Ann] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McKay, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600062 ER PT S AU Elmore, PA Fabre, DH Sawyer, RT Ladner, RW AF Elmore, Paul A. Fabre, David H. Sawyer, Raymond T. Ladner, R. Wade GP IEEE TI Uncertainty estimation of historical bathymetric data from Bayesian networks SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Bathymetry; Uncertainty Estimation; Bayesian Networks AB We have developed a Bayesian network to aid estimation of uncertainty for gridded bathymetry data sets in the Digital Bathymetric Data Base - Variable Resolution, maintained at the Naval Oceanographic Office. These estimates did not previously exist and are now needed so that these data can be stored in the Bathymetric Attributed Grid files, which require both bathymetry and uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulations have been used in the literature to calculate how navigation error, sensor error, and bottom gradient propagates into bathymetric uncertainty. This procedure, however, requires the use of original soundings data. Attempting this approach for all soundings used to make the data base is not pragmatic due to the vast quantity of data used. Bayesian networks can be a pragmatic alternative, however, as this approach propagates probability densities of the inputs to calculate probabilities of the end result, resulting in computations that are simpler and more rapid than direct simulations. Valid application of the technique relies on the assumption that measurement errors and bottom slope propagate into bathymetric uncertainty independent of actual measurement location. We discuss how we used the published Monte Carlo techniques on representative sets of soundings data to train the network and implemented the network to estimate the propagation of navigation error and bottom slope to bathymetric uncertainty in historic data. We also test the validity of applying this approach to estimate bathymetric uncertainty through comparisons of these estimates from the Bayesian net and Monte Carlo techniques. C1 [Elmore, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fabre, David H.; Sawyer, Raymond T.; Ladner, R. Wade] US Navy, Naval Oceanograph Off, Bathymetry Databases Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Naval Oceanographic Office; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways FX This work was funded by the Naval Oceanographic Office. The mention of commercial products or the use of company names does not in any way imply endorsement by the U.S. Navy. NCEX data were furnished by the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP), Integrative Oceanography Division, operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 441 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600064 ER PT S AU Posey, PG Metzger, EJ Wallcraft, AJ Smedstad, OM Phelps, MW AF Posey, P. G. Metzger, E. J. Wallcraft, A. J. Smedstad, O. M. Phelps, M. W. GP IEEE TI Real-time Data Assimilation of Ice Concentration into a Coupled Ice/Ocean Forecast System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE AB Since the late 1980's, ice forecasting systems developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have been predicting conditions in the Arctic Ocean and several of its marginal seas for use by the U.S. Navy. Each day a 120-hour forecast of ice drift, ice thickness and ice concentration is run operationally at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). Presently, a high resolution Arctic two-way coupled ice/ocean nowcast/forecast system based on the Community Ice CodE (CICE) and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is being tested using the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA) system. Ice concentration data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) is used as initialization for the model's ice concentration field. Results from the coupled system both with and without the use of ice concentration data for initialization will be discussed. C1 [Posey, P. G.; Metzger, E. J.; Wallcraft, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] Technol Solut Grp, QinetiQ North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Phelps, M. W.] Jacobs Engn Stennis Space Ctr, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. RP Posey, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU National Oceanographic Partnership; Office of Naval Research; NAVOCEANO IBM; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization; NRL [NRL/PP/7320/09/9326] FX This work was funded as part of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and the Office of Naval Research. The numerical simulations were performed on the NAVOCEANO IBM at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi using grants of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This paper is NRL contribution NRL/PP/7320/09/9326 and is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 476 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600069 ER PT S AU Steed, CA Jankun-Kelly, TJ Swan, JE AF Steed, Chad A. Jankun-Kelly, T. J. Swan, J. Edward, II GP IEEE TI Illustrative Visualization Techniques for Hurricane Advisory Information SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID GEOVISUALIZATION AB We have developed new illustrative visualization techniques inspired by artistic brush strokes for graphically representing the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Hurricane Center's (NHC) hurricane advisory statements. To address the complexity of the advisory information and the limitations of traditional map displays, our techniques offer enhanced representations that map advisory data attributes to the visual features in brush strokes. By condensing the information into a single, comprehensible image, our new representations avoid many perceptual issues that affect the perception and cognition of the current NHC graphical products. In the current work, we describe the motivation and algorithmic details of two variants of our approach: the small brush stroke and long brush stroke methods. We also present the results of applying our techniques to the representation of hurricane advisories from the 2005 season, which include those of the infamous Hurricane Katrina. The results highlight the promise of our illustrative visualization methods as an effective approach for the dispensation of this vital information. C1 [Steed, Chad A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Jankun-Kelly, T. J.; Swan, J. Edward, II] Mississippi State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39769 USA. RP Steed, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM csteed@acm.org; tjk@acm.org; swan@acm.org FU Naval Research Labratory FX This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Labratorys Select Graduate Training Program. The data utilized in the figures and discussion within this paper were downloaded from the NHC tropical cyclone advisory archive (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.shtml). This work was initiated in the Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) course taught by Dr. T.J. Jankun-Kelly at Mississippi State University. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 540 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600079 ER PT S AU Norton, GV AF Norton, Guy V. GP IEEE TI The numerical solution of acoustic propagation through dispersive moving media SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATION; FREQUENCY POWER-LAW; INCLUDING DISPERSION; PULSE-PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; EQUATION; SOUND AB As the Navy expands its dependence on underwater communication between sensors, operating in areas where turbulent turbid water layers are present; there exists a need to accurately predict prior to sensor deployment how they will operate in these environments. The benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) is an example of a moving turbid water layer in the ocean. The BNL is characterized by changing vertical thickness, concentration and speed of the suspended material. Acoustic propagation and hence acoustic communication and system performance will be affected when operating in these areas. The suspended material will alter the sound speed, density and the attenuation of the medium. Thus what was once a non-dispersive quiescent environment is now a moving dispersive environment. The numerical solution of acoustic pulse propagation through dispersive moving media requires the inclusion of attenuation and its causal companion, phase velocity. For acoustic propagation in a linear dispersive quiescent medium, Szabo 11 Acoust. Soc. Am., 96, 491-500 (1994)1 introduced the concept of a convolutional propagation operator that plays the role of a casual propagation factor in the time domain. The operator has been incorporated in the linear wave equation for quiescent media. Additionally it has been used to study propagation and scattering from such widely diverse media as bubble plumes in the ocean and ultrasound propagation in human tissue. In this work, this method is extended to address acoustic propagation in dispersive moving media. The development of the modified wave equation for sound propagation in dispersive media with inhomogeneous flow will be described, along with an example. The resulting modified wave equation is solved via the method of finite differences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Norton, GV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 559 EP 564 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600081 ER PT S AU Swick, W MacMahan, J AF Swick, William MacMahan, Jamie GP IEEE TI The Use of Position-Tracking Drifters in Riverine Environments SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION AB Small, inexpensive GPS-equipped drifters are described for use in natural rivers and streams. The Lagrangian drifters allow for near-continuous position observations providing estimates of the mean flow field, pathways, and dispersion in natural riverine environments. A discussion of limitations and statistical methods is provided. Twenty river drifters were released in clusters in three different reaches on the Skagit River, WA, USA. The results highlight the ease of use and the broad range of information river drifters afford scientists and engineers. C1 [Swick, William; MacMahan, Jamie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Swick, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 579 EP 588 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600084 ER PT S AU Dykes, JD Shriver, JF Ziegeler, S AF Dykes, James D. Shriver, Jay F. Ziegeler, Sean GP IEEE TI Automation of Ocean Model Performance Metrics SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID VERTICAL COORDINATE AB A system to rapidly and automatically assess the performance of numerical ocean modeling systems was developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This includes the calculation of quantitative, objective metrics of the accuracy of ocean forecasts. We will present results from this system, including metrics of surface and subsurface analysis and forecast fields. This work supports the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which provides oceanographic products in response to requests for environmental support for Navy operations. The development of a comprehensive automated system that provides model performance information is expected to increase the consistency of results, reduce errors, and reduce time required to generate oceanographic products. C1 [Dykes, James D.; Shriver, Jay F.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ziegeler, Sean] High Performance Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dykes, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (program element 0602435N) as part of the project "Automation of Ocean Product Performance Metrics". The computations in this paper were completed utilizing Defense Department High Performance Computing time at the Navy DSRC. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 589 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600085 ER PT S AU Sanders, WM Richardson, MD AF Sanders, W. M. Richardson, M. D. GP IEEE TI Parameter Estimation Errors In Buckingham's Grain Shearing Model SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WAVE PROPERTIES; PROPAGATION AB A compilation of 54 sets of geoacoustic measurements of marine sediments was reviewed in order to bound estimates of parameters for use in Buckingham's grain shearing (GS) theory of acoustic propagation. These data, for unconsolidated sands (siliciclastic and carbonate) with grain sizes between 0.0156 mm and 0.57 mm, were all made in shallow water (maximum depth of 60 m) sites at diverse locales. In each data set, measurements of the speed and attenuation of the compressional wave at high frequency, the shear wave speed at 1 kHz, porosity, and bulk density are sufficient to calculate the three free parameters in GS theory (a material exponent, a compressional coefficient and a shear coefficient). The spread of the values calculated for GS parameters, combined with a sensitivity analysis, do not support the use of a single material exponent value for all sediments. Nor do they support the notion that the material exponent be 1, which would be the case if elastic and viscous forces at grain contacts are equal. Finally, it is suggested that, given the sensitivity to spot measurements, the GS parameters be estimated simultaneously from a full range of compressional and shear wave measurements. C1 [Sanders, W. M.; Richardson, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sanders, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 610 EP 617 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600089 ER PT S AU Jensen, TG Campbell, T Smith, TA Small, RJ Allard, R AF Jensen, T. G. Campbell, T. Smith, T. A. Small, R. J. Allard, R. GP IEEE TI Cold air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID SEA INTERACTIONS; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN AB A case of cold air outbreak over the Kuroshio region is simulated over an 8 day period using a state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast model that includes assimilation of observations. During the event, maximum winds reach 20 m/s in agreement with observations and the air temperature drops over 10 degrees C, resulting in surface heat fluxes in excess of 1000 W/m(2). C1 [Jensen, T. G.; Campbell, T.; Smith, T. A.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Small, R. J.] Jacobs Engn, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. RP Jensen, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 618 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600090 ER PT S AU Lever, JA Gritton, B Alexander, C AF Lever, John A. Gritton, Bruce Alexander, Charles GP IEEE TI An Interagency Collaboration toward the Integrated Ocean Observing System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NAVMETOCCOM) intend to collaborate on software architectures used to enable the processing and dissemination of scientific data and products for their respective missions. This collaboration supports the goals of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). This paper explores some potential areas and approaches for collaboration, enabled by the Service Oriented Architecture model. C1 [Lever, John A.; Gritton, Bruce] USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Alexander, Charles] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 652 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600096 ER PT S AU Small, RJ Campbell, T Teixeira, J Smith, TA Dykes, J Chen, S Allard, R AF Small, R. J. Campbell, T. Teixeira, J. Smith, T. A. Dykes, J. Chen, S. Allard, R. GP IEEE TI Air-Sea Interaction In The Ligurian Sea: Numerical Simulations And In-Situ Data In The Summer Of 2007 SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; MODEL AB In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented from the Ligurian Sea in the north-western Mediterranean. Here surface winds are light in summer except during occasional Mistral events which are often associated with cyclogenesis in the lee of the Alps. The Ligurian Sea Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) took place in June 2007, with a focus on the coincident measurement of oceanic and atmospheric boundary layer properties. To help interpret the observational results we use the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R)), developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, non-hydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma-z level ocean model (Naval Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). Both models are at high resolution: the inner nest of the COAMPS domain is on a 4 km grid with 40 vertical levels, and that for NCOM on a 2km grid with 50 levels. The coupled model system is evaluated for a month-long simulation which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere but not the ocean. Correlatation coefficients between model and observed values for near-surface wind speeds, and turbulent heat fluxes are above 0.5 (significant at 99%) at a deep water mooring. A comparison of the coupled run with an uncoupled atmospheric run using analysis SST at the surface boundary, both of which use atmospheric data assimilation, does not reveal significant or systematic differences. Therefore a non-assimilating run for the period of a strong wind event (26-29 June), is performed to examine more closely the impact of coupling on the flux fields and SST. Here, the cooling of SST up to 3 degrees C over 72 hours in a fully coupled run affects the surface stress, which is reduced by similar to 20%, and the surface latent heat flux which is reduced by 50%, relative to an uncoupled simulation where the SST is kept fixed at the initial value of the coupled run. In other words, the coupling provides a negative feedback on the surface forcing under strong winds. C1 [Small, R. J.; Campbell, T.; Smith, T. A.; Dykes, J.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Teixeira, J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chen, S.] NRL Monterey, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Battlespace Environments Institute and NRL's 6.2 Core Program "Battlespace Environment Assessment for Situational Awareness" [PE 0602435N] FX RJS, TC, TAS, and RA were supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Battlespace Environments Institute and NRL's 6.2 Core Program "Battlespace Environment Assessment for Situational Awareness"(Program Element PE 0602435N). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 676 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600100 ER PT S AU Delgado, RR AF Delgado, R. R. GP IEEE TI FLEET SURVEY TEAM: PROVIDING OPERATIONAL HYDROGRAPHY TO THE US NAVY SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Established in 2005, the U.S. Navy Fleet Survey Team (FST) is an organization that enables Theater combatant commanders worldwide with access in the littoral regions through operational hydrography. When forces are armed with detailed descriptions of the environmental conditions they could face, operations have a greater chance of being safely and efficiently executed. FST gathers the needed information via timely, self-contained hydrographic surveys in response to combatant commanders' requests. These requests frequently are for harbor, beach, or river areas where Navy operations will take place or where charting accuracy is uncertain. FST members (both civilian and military) quickly deploy to areas around the world outfitted with equipment to perform surveys from various boats of opportunity or from their own Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats (RHIBs) and personal water craft. Because of these unique capabilities, civilian and military members of FST have deployed to areas in the Middle East, Africa, and South America to perform near-shore surveys to collect data that aid in the safe navigation of U.S. forces and supplies traversing the area. FST members have also played significant roles in charting areas affected by natural disasters such as the 2004 south Asia tsunami and hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike in the Gulf of Mexico. Comprised of approximately 65 military and civilian members, FST is collocated with the Naval Oceanographic Office and Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. Command personnel possess a unique blend of military and civilian knowledge and experience. Enlisted sailors routinely qualify as level-two military hydrographers, certifying their skills in addition to their Navy Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) training. In addition to their strong backgrounds in math, science, and engineering, officers and civilians frequently obtain master's degrees in hydrographic science through an ongoing program with The University of Southern Mississippi, which offers an accredited course by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) for Category A hydrographers. C1 USN, Fleet Survey Team, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Delgado, RR (reprint author), USN, Fleet Survey Team, 1032 Neptune Pass, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 684 EP 687 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600101 ER PT S AU Green, DW Young, DC Walter, DJ AF Green, Dove W., III Young, David C. Walter, Donald J. GP IEEE TI REMUS Subbottom Image Processing for Integration into ArcGIS SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office collects subbottom acoustic data using the Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The subbottom data are processed using customized playback software that creates a subbottom profile image that can be integrated into ArcGIS 9.2. A REMUS AUV test survey was recently completed that obtained quality subbottom profiler data that were used to demonstrate this image integration approach. Recent improvements in the processing software developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have been used to decrease the time and effort required to efficiently utilize and integrate the subbottom profile imagery into the ArcGIS 9.2 product. This new software allows multiple subbottom images to be easily added to the ArcGIS 9.2 project while at sea, providing a more complete representation of the REMUS survey. The efficient integration of the subbottom imagery into an ArcGIS 9.2 project is a significant step in providing a more improved product. C1 [Green, Dove W., III; Young, David C.; Walter, Donald J.] USN, Res Lab, Naval Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Naval Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 754 EP 762 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600111 ER PT S AU Qu, FZ Yang, LQ Yang, TC AF Qu, Fengzhong Yang, Liuqing Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI High Reliability Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum for Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Many emerging underwater applications involve the wireless transmission of controlling signals and commands to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and underwater sensors. Such communication links often require high reliability with low complexity receivers and only a few hydrophones. In this paper, we propose a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) scheme to meet such a need. DSSS systems are recently introduced to underwater communications because of their capability of resolving multipath and enabling the collection of delay diversity and channel energy. Similar to these existing schemes, our proposed approach also has very low receiver complexity requiring only matched filter operation. However, different from them, we simultaneously transmit multiple symbols during each sequence period. Compared with existing underwater DSSS schemes, our proposed approach requires shorter channel coherence time and is thus more robust against moderate channel variation that is inevitable in underwater scenarios. In addition, our high reliability (HR-)DSSS scheme also facilitates higher and more flexible rates. More importantly, the high reliability and high data rate are achieved with negligible self- and co-channel interference. Besides simulations, our scheme is also tested in sea trials using QPSK modulation without any chip level equalization. C1 [Qu, Fengzhong; Yang, Liuqing] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qu, FZ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Qu, Fengzhong/I-5189-2014 OI Qu, Fengzhong/0000-0003-2006-0951 FU National Science Foundation [0621879, 0845722]; Office of Naval Research [N00014071-0193] FX This work is in part supported by National Science Foundation under grants #0621879 and #0845722 and by Office of Naval Research under grant #N00014071-0193. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 802 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600117 ER PT S AU Dubberley, JR Gendron, ML AF Dubberley, J. R. Gendron, M. L. GP IEEE TI Synthetic Aperture Sonar Low Frequency vs. High Frequency Automatic Contact Generation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) bottom mapping sensors are on the verge of entering operational use. Here we examine the utility of both the low and high frequency output of SAS systems recorded from trials to determine their utility in the automatic contact generation scheme described in the companion paper "Automated Change Detection using Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery" The survey area covered by the trial has contacts called separately by the high and low frequency SAS output. The results are compared with a manual survey of the data to determine accuracy. The two frequency results are also compared by processing time. The data are then used to determine how merging the two outputs may yield an improved contact calling algorithm. C1 [Dubberley, J. R.; Gendron, M. L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dubberley, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-1,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1058 EP 1061 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600156 ER PT S AU Gendron, M Lohrenz, M Dubberley, J AF Gendron, Marlin Lohrenz, Maura Dubberley, John GP IEEE TI Automated Change Detection Using Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Acoustic signal detection; Computer aided analysis; Real time systems; Sonar signal processing AB When resurveying a seafloor area of interest during change detection operations, an automated method to match found bottom objects with objects detected in a previous survey allows the surveyor to quickly sort new objects from old. The change detection system developed at the Naval Research Laboratory contains modules for automatic object detection, feature matching using shadow outlining, scene matching using control-point matching, and visualization capabilities. This system was developed for sidescan sonar surveys using instrumentation such as the high-frequency Marine Sonic Technology sidescan sonar. In this paper, the authors describe modifications to the sidescan-based system required to perform change detection using Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) bottom imagery. C1 [Gendron, Marlin; Lohrenz, Maura; Dubberley, John] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gendron, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-1, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1062 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600157 ER PT S AU Sulzberger, G Bono, J Manley, RJ Clem, T Vaizer, L Holtzapple, R AF Sulzberger, G. Bono, J. Manley, R. J. Clem, T. Vaizer, L. Holtzapple, R. GP IEEE TI Hunting Sea Mines with UUV-Based Magnetic and Electro-Optic Sensors SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The US Navy (USN) has recognized the need for effective buried-mine hunting as one of its Organic Mine Countermeasures (MCM) Future Naval Capabilities. Current thinking envisions a two-step process for identifying buried mines. First, an initial survey, or Search-Classify-Map (SCM) mission, will be performed using low-frequency synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). Second, a Reacquire-and-Identify (RI) mission will provide confirmatory final classification by reacquiring the target, at close range, with magnetic, acoustic, and electro-optic sensors, and evaluating properties such as geometric details and magnetic moment that can be fused to identify or definitively classify the object. The goal is to demonstrate a robust capability to identify buried sea mines through sensor fusion. Specifically, the classification results of a passive magnetic sensor and an electro-optic sensor will be generated for fusion with the results from a short-range bottom-looking sonar, with all three sensors co-residing and operating simultaneously on an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV). The Bluefin12 Buried Mine Identification (BMI) System will be used as the platform to develop a capability for the identification of buried mines. This system houses the bottom looking sonar, the Real-time Tracking Gradiometer (RTG), and an Electro-Optic Imager (EOI). This paper will address the applications of the RTG, EOI, and data fusion results with bottom looking sonar. The objective for the RTG is the enhancement of the processing that extracts target locations and magnetic moments from the raw RTG data. In particular, we are adding a capability to conduct real-time processing capability to provide autonomous target classification and localization results soon after the UUV passes the target, while the system is still performing the mission. These results will be shared with the vehicle or other sensors for transmission back to a base station when the vehicle surfaces. The objectives for the EOI include additions to the control software and the development of a set of versatile image processing techniques. A significant goal is to develop the ability to make images viewable remotely over the vehicle's RF link. This allows for a quick review of contacts and improved flexibility in mission planning and execution. Image processing goals included the development of image enhancement algorithms that could be applied to all EOI data. The intent of the enhancement algorithms is to enhance image contrast and sharpness to better differentiate targets from background and increase target detail. The software will be used to batch process large amounts of raw EOI images and save them in a format so that the user can scroll through the images using a standard image viewer. In 2008, the Bluefin12 BMI system participated in multiple sea tests. The data collected from these missions proved that sensor fusion aboard an UUV was possible. Post Mission Analysis (PMA) also concluded that data fusion was successful. Both the RTG and the EOI participated in sea tests of the Bluefin12 BMI System to evaluate, optimize and demonstrate a BMI capability. Specifically in 2008, this system was demonstrated at Panama City, FL and at AUVfest 2008 in Newport, RI. This paper focuses on the 2008 sea testing using the modified RTG and the EOI sensors and the ability to use near real-time detection. C1 [Sulzberger, G.; Bono, J.; Manley, R. J.; Clem, T.; Vaizer, L.; Holtzapple, R.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Sulzberger, G (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1075 EP 1079 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600159 ER PT S AU Snyder, MA AF Snyder, Mark A. GP IEEE TI Effects of Hurricanes on Ambient Noise in the Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Long-term omni-directional ambient noise was collected at several sites in the Gulf of Mexico during 2004 and 2005. The Naval Oceanographic Office deployed bottom-moored Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys approximately 159 nautical miles south of Panama City, Florida, in water depths of 3200 meters. The hydrophone of each buoy was 265 meters above the bottom. The buoys were located near a major shipping lane, with an estimated 1.5 to 4.5 ships per day passing nearby. The data duration was 14 months, and data were sampled at 2500 Hz with a bandwidth of 10-1000 Hz. Data were processed in eight 1/3-octave frequency bands, centered from 25 to 950 Hz. Monthly values of the following statistical quantities were computed from the resulting eight time series of noise spectral level: mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and coherence time (the time for the autocorrelation function of each time series to fall to e(-1) of its central, zero-lag value). Four hurricanes were recorded during the summer of 2004, and they had a major impact on all of the noise statistics. Hurricane Charlie was recorded in August, followed by Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne in September. Nearby National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) weather buoys recorded wind speed and wave height data, which allowed for comparison of underwater noise levels with the wind speed and significant wave height data during extreme weather conditions. During hurricane conditions, the ambient noise levels at higher frequencies (400-950 Hz) are elevated, as expected, and are highly correlated with the wind and wave height data. The ambient noise levels at lower frequencies (25-100 Hz) are depressed, perhaps an indicator of less shipping activity during extreme wind conditions. The fewest number of peaks, as well as troughs, per day in the noise levels are observed from 200-950 Hz, yielding the smallest estimate of nearby ships per day. The average time between peaks, as well as troughs, is maximum from 200-950 Hz. The variability of the data is high at higher frequencies (400-950 Hz) during hurricanes, as indicated by the standard deviation and the spread of the data (the difference between the 10(th) and the 90(th) percentiles). The skewness is positive from 25-400 Hz and negative from 630-950 Hz. The kurtosis is high from 50-100 Hz, peaking at 100 Hz. The coherence time peaks during hurricanes in the higher frequency bands. The coherence time is maximum from 200-950 Hz, ranging from 10 hours at 200 Hz to 33 hours at 950 Hz. The passage of Hurricane Ivan is analyzed in detail. Ivan was actually recorded twice. Ivan passed by the EARS buoys once, went ashore near the Alabama-Florida border, moved into the Atlantic Ocean, and then its remnants came back into the Gulf of Mexico a second time. During its first approach, Ivan was a Category 4 hurricane as its eye passed within 101 nmi of the EARS buoys. Its acoustic effects were evident for a 3-day period. Noise levels in higher frequency bands increased by approximately 11 dB per day during Ivan's first approach and decreased by approximately 11 dB per day as Ivan departed the EARS buoy's range. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Snyder, MA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1080 EP 1088 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600160 ER PT S AU Stanic, S Brown, B Kennedy, E Solangi, M Vanderpool, D Hoffland, T AF Stanic, Steve Brown, Bob Kennedy, Edgar Solangi, Mobashir Vanderpool, Delphine Hoffland, Timothy GP IEEE TI Correlation of the Broadband Spectral Characteristics of Bottlenose Dolphin Signatures with Dolphin Behavior in the Mississippi Sound SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID WHISTLES AB A series of acoustic measurements and visual observations were made of Bottlenose dolphins in the Mississippi Sound. A portable acoustic monitoring system recorded dolphin echolocation clicks, wideband burst pulses and narrowband frequency modulated whistles. The signal spectra were correlated with observations of dolphin behavior. The results showed that when these dolphins are diving and traveling, the primary signals are short echolocation clicks. During what appeared to be social interactions, the signals were more complex broadband amplitude modulated whistles. C1 [Stanic, Steve; Brown, Bob; Kennedy, Edgar] US Navy, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Solangi, Mobashir; Vanderpool, Delphine; Hoffland, Timothy] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39502 USA. RP Stanic, S (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU The Institute for Marine Mammal Studies FX Work supported by The Institute for Marine Mammal Studies. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1097 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600162 ER PT S AU DelBalzo, DR Klicka, J AF DelBalzo, Donald R. Klicka, Joseph GP IEEE TI Uncertainty-based Adaptive AXBT Sampling with SPOTS SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Naval operations continue to evolve toward Littoral Warfare as military action shifts to regional conflicts. To accomplish this evolution, new navigation, sensor, and data-analysis capabilities are needed to support operations in the highly variable and complicated near-shore waters of the littoral environment. Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) is often conducted in shallow-water areas, where subsurface enemies pose a constant threat, and where knowledge of ocean thermal data is critical, but lacking. Planning operations in these harsh-environment areas is difficult because accurate predictions of sensor performance depend on detailed knowledge of the local conditions. Tactical mission planning is thus seldom optimal or efficient, often resulting in coverage gaps and increased risk. The Naval Air Systems Command has recently been exploring new environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize the littoral environment. Most designs contain a thermistor string, to measure ocean temperatures, and other environmental sensors. This type of sonobuoy, with a complex set of sensors, would be more expensive than a traditional AXBT but it could provide a more thorough littoral environment assessment. The increased cost implies the need for an Environmental Decision Aid to determine the minimum number and best locations for sensors to meet performance objectives. The work reported here concerns the development and evaluation of Sensor Placement for Optimal Temperature Sampling (SPOTS), which addresses these sampling requirements. The SPOTS process follows the following steps: 1) divide the area of interest into cells with varying volumes of water; 2) estimate the volume-weighted uncertainty of temperatures and the local anisotropic temperature covariance in each cell, based on current optimal interpolation nowcasts; 3) calculate the overall volume-weighted reduction in temperature uncertainty that would result from various sampling patterns; and 4) choose the pattern with the lowest uncertainty. This uncertainty-based approach leads to sampling patterns that produce the highest accuracy temperature characterizations. SPOTS employs three innovations: 1) analysis of remotely-sensed data, confirmed with a numerical model, when needed; 2) adapting the covariance ellipse axes automatically to the predominant coastline features; and 3) using depth-weighted and volume-weighted uncertainty where the depth-dependent uncertainty and volume of water in a cell is considered in the optimization process. SPOTS uses an optimal interpolation technique that weights all input data by their uncertainties and provides uncertainty estimates for the output. That is a significant advantage over other interpolation schemes. Horizontal/vertical smoothing routines remove large discontinuities and produce the final "nowcast." As a result of these innovations, SPOTS sampling recommendations emphasize the upper water column, where most of the dynamic effects occur, and where acoustic variability is greatest. Data from several water-sampling flights in the Sea of Japan off the east coast of Korea were used to develop SPOTS. Approximately 44 AXBTs were dropped on a 15-min grid during each flight. Ten combinations of these AXBT measurements, ranging from three to all of the measurements, were assimilated into the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS). The climatology alone and climatology with assimilated satellite sea surface temperatures brought the number of cases to twelve. These were analyzed to determine the relationship between nowcast accuracy and the number (and placement) of assimilated in-situ measurements. The sub-sampled nowcast estimates were compared with the measured temperatures and reported as RMS temperature errors. The results show that: 1) a small number of well-placed measurements outperforms a larger number of gridded measurements; 2) a small number of poorly-placed measurements can significantly degrade a nowcast; and 3) approximately 3-5 measurements per 10,000 nmi(2) are required to reduce RMS temperature errors by 50% compared to climatology. C1 [DelBalzo, Donald R.] QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Klicka, Joseph] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command FX This work was funded by the Naval Air Systems Command. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1162 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600171 ER PT S AU Walrod, J Key, J AF Walrod, John Key, Joseph GP IEEE TI Development and Test of a Medium Voltage Converter for Ocean Observatories SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Power system engineering for ocean observatories has been an active area of research and development for the past 10 years. A number of architectures have been reported and discussed, including AC systems, DC systems, constant-voltage systems, constant-current systems, and various series and parallel cable topologies. A sequence of engineering analyses and prototype experiments led the U.S. MARS and the Canadian NEPTUNE programs to select a constant-voltage, branched DC architecture in their systems. A similar power architecture is in consideration for the U.S. Regional Scale Network (RSN). These regional power systems are generally comprised of shore-based power feed equipment (PFE), one or more long (10 400 km) single-conductor undersea telecom cables, one or more undersea nodes, and seawater electrodes to return currents from the nodes to the shore. The power conductors in these undersea cabled systems typically have resistances of 1 ohm/km, with operational currents of less than 2 Amps and operational voltages of less than 12 KVDC. High-voltage, low-current power transmission is essential to minimize power losses within the cables and to maintain stability under dynamic, negative impedance loads. A critical component in regional scale undersea power systems is the medium voltage converter (MVC). The MVC is a DC-DC converter in the primary network infrastructure that receives a medium voltage power input from the PFE via the telecom cable, typically at 1 - 10 KVDC, and provides down-conversion to one or more lower voltage outputs, typically 300 - 600 VDC, to feed power to science nodes and instrumentation in the secondary network infrastructure. The development of a reliable undersea MVC has been a difficult engineering obstacle in ocean observatories, causing delays and overruns in several projects. Unlike fiber optic timing and data networks, the ocean observatory power system has almost no equivalent terrestrial system market from which to draw mature, affordable, commercial components such as MVCs. The marine technology community has been at various stages of MVC design, development, and prototyping since 2000, trying to solve the difficult electrical, mechanical, and ocean engineering challenges found in ocean observatory systems. These challenges include high-voltage corona and arcing, operational availability, system cost, cable impedance dynamics, instrument load dynamics, thermal dissipation, safety issues, cable and connector faults, installation limitations, and a limited palette of high-quality commercial components for MVC design and engineering. In this paper, we report the successful development, test, and subsea installation of a 3KV, 3 kW MVC based upon the Vorperian modular stacked architecture. The MVC provides 3000 VDC to 625 VDC conversion for primary undersea networks. The MVC design consists of sixteen (16) DC-DC subconverters wired in a series input configuration, with each subconverter input operating at approximately 187 V (3000V/16). The sixteen subconverter outputs are wired in an 8 x 2 series-parallel configuration, with each subconverter output operating at approximately 78 V (625V/8). A feedback control loop monitors the MVC output and pulse-width modulates the duty cycle of the subconverter switching to maintain precision output regulation. C1 [Walrod, John] SAIC Adv Syst Div, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. [Key, Joseph] NSWC Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Walrod, J (reprint author), SAIC Adv Syst Div, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1279 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600189 ER PT S AU Edwards, KL Veeramony, J Wang, D Holland, KT Hsu, YL AF Edwards, K. L. Veeramony, J. Wang, D. Holland, K. T. Hsu, Y. L. GP IEEE TI Sensitivity of Delft3D to Input Conditions SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; VALIDATION AB In January 2009, the forecasting ability of the Delft3D modeling suite was demonstrated in real time for an area in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. As part of the demonstration, a bathymetric survey was conducted, and several wave buoys of different types were deployed. Delft3D is a three-dimensional modeling suite that can also be run in depth-averaged mode to provide wave conditions, currents, changes in morphology, or a combination of these processes for areas of interest. Each process is modeled by a specialized module at a range of spatial scales that vary from tens of kilometers to smaller coastal scales on the order of meters. The depth-averaged model was configured for the area of interest (AOI) located on Santa Rosa Island in the vicinity of Navarre Beach, FL. The wave and flow modules were coupled, allowing for wave-current interactions resulting in wave and tide driven currents. Comparisons between estimated and measured wave parameters showed an underestimation in wave height leading to a sensitivity analysis to determine how changes in the bathymetry, wind input, and wave boundary conditions affect the Delft3D output. It was determined that although the wave and current conditions showed some sensitivity to more highly resolved bathymetry, the wave predictions were not improved much by using the updated bathymetry. This is likely because 1) the bathymetric shape of the coastline near Navarre is simple and linear and 2) because sensor location was arbitrarily chosen; alternative locations in the AOI showed a greater sensitivity to bathymetry. The Delft3D results were much more sensitive to wind input and wave boundary conditions in this particular application. We will present the sensitivity of wave results to changes in the model configuration with respect to the model parameters discussed in addition to the improvements rendered by the changes. Although data limitations inhibit a validation of the flow module, sensitivity of the flow module to the changes in the wave conditions will be discussed. C1 [Edwards, K. L.; Veeramony, J.; Wang, D.; Holland, K. T.; Hsu, Y. L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Edwards, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1285 EP 1292 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600190 ER PT S AU Rosenfield, DA Caruthers, JW Nechaev, DA Sidorovskaia, NA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW Yaremchuk, MI AF Rosenfield, D. A. Caruthers, J. W. Nechaev, D. A. Sidorovskaia, N. A. Ioup, G. E. Ioup, J. W. Yaremchuk, M. I. GP IEEE TI Using Acoustic Tomography to Monitor Deep Ocean Currents in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Toward the improved prediction and monitoring of deep-water currents and eddies in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf Eddy Monitoring System group (GEMS; researchers from University of Southern Mississippi, University of New Orleans, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and the Naval Research Laboratory) proposes that a network of acoustic transmitter-receiver pairs be deployed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Acoustic travel times are inverted to recover temperature and velocity between transmitter-receiver pairs. This data can be fed into ocean dynamical models to improve simulation and prediction of the circulation in the deep ocean. While a proven technique, it has only recently been used successfully in deeper waters. The location is ideal for this type of tomographic application for its predictable oceanic parameters and convenient geomorphology. With a sound-channel axis at about 900 m, a lower power output transmission is required, thus providing negligible impact on marine mammals. Because no other technology can be used to monitor for similar events, we are introducing this method to the marine technology community. C1 [Rosenfield, D. A.; Caruthers, J. W.; Nechaev, D. A.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sidorovskaia, N. A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Ioup, G. E.; Ioup, J. W.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Yaremchuk, M. I.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rosenfield, DA (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM nsidorovskaia@louisiana.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1316 EP 1318 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600194 ER PT S AU Chu, P Blain, CA Linzell, RS AF Chu, Philip Blain, Cheryl Ann Linzell, Robert S. GP IEEE TI Development of a Relocatable Coastal Forecast System for the US Navy SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID OCEAN TIDES AB The goal is to fulfill the US Navy's need for a relocatable, robust operational coastal forecast system by developing and transitioning a high-resolution, coastal circulation model into the Naval Oceanographic Office's operational environment. The coastal circulation model undergoing transition is a three-dimensional, finite-element based hydrodynamic model, the Advanced Circulation Model for Shelves, Coastal Seas, and Estuaries (ADCIRC). Its unstructured grid allows modeling complex coastal regions at fine spatial scale. Scripts and programs are developed to automate major tasks of the forecast run stream such as initial setup, forcing data acquisition, model configuration and post-processing. An application of the ADCIRC-based forecast system to the Korean West Coast region is presented. C1 [Chu, Philip; Blain, Cheryl Ann] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Linzell, Robert S.] Qinetiq North America, Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Chu, P (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM chu@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1357 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600200 ER PT S AU Penko, AM Calantoni, J Slinn, DN AF Penko, Allison M. Calantoni, Joseph Slinn, Donald N. GP IEEE TI Mixture Theory Model Sensitivity to Effective Viscosity in Simulations of Sandy Bedform Dynamics SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID VISCOUS RESUSPENSION; SUSPENSION FLOWS; PARTICLES AB We perform a sensitivity analysis on a three-dimensional bottom boundary layer model (SedMix3D) that uses mixture theory to simulate the flow and sediment transport over rippled sand beds. SedMix3D treats the fluid-sediment mixture as a single continuum with effective properties that parameterize the fluid-sediment and sediment-sediment interactions using several closures for the sediment phase. The effective viscosity is one such closure that includes three adjustable parameters: the intrinsic viscosity, the maximum viscosity, and the maximum packing concentration of unconsolidated sediment. The sensitivity of suspended sediment concentration predictions by SedMix3D is tested by varying the intrinsic viscosity, which is a proxy for sediment grain shape. We qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the model output of suspended sediment concentration for a range of intrinsic viscosity values typical of quartz sand. Intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 produce total suspended sediment concentrations that differ less than 11%. However, there is approximately a 16% difference between the suspended sediment concentrations from intrinsic viscosity values of 2.5 to 3.5 and 4.0 to 5.0. Simulations of sediment transport over bedforms performed here were not significantly sensitive to the choice of an intrinsic viscosity value in the range of 2.5 to 3.5. Using a baseline intrinsic viscosity value of 3.0, we subsequently tested two additional effective viscosity formulations. The suspended sediment concentrations predicted by the Eilers and Krieger-Dougherty formulations were very similar, but the Mooney formulation generated much less suspended sediment. We found the model to be more sensitive to variations of effective viscosity in the ripple-fluid interface than in the suspension range. C1 [Penko, Allison M.; Calantoni, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Penko, Allison M.; Slinn, Donald N.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Calantoni, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Penko, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM allison.penko@nrlssc.navy.mil; joe.calantoni@nrlssc.navy.mil; slinn@coastal.ufl.edu FU Office of Naval Research [PE#61153N]; Office of Naval Research Code 322 Coastal Geosciences Program; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVY DSRC; ERDC DSRC FX AMP and JC are supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research (PE#61153N). Partial support for AMP is also provided by the Office of Naval Research Code 322 Coastal Geosciences Program. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVY DSRC and the ERDC DSRC. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1405 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600206 ER PT S AU DelBalzo, DR Klicka, J AF DelBalzo, Donald R. Klicka, Joseph GP IEEE TI Potential Impact of Long-Life Environmental Sonobuoys on Littoral ASW SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The focus of military activity has recently shifted from large area engagements to regional conflicts. Consequently, supportive Naval maritime operations have continued to evolve toward littoral warfare in complicated shallow-water, near-shore environments. This evolution requires new sensors, advanced Concept of Operations, and improved data-analysis capabilities, among others. Planning operations in these harsh-environment areas is difficult because accurate predictions of tactical sensor performance depend on detailed knowledge of the local environmental conditions. Tactical mission planning is thus seldom optimal or efficient, often resulting in coverage gaps, increased risk, and reduced mission success. According to a Navy Mission Need Statement, "Air ASW tactical execution, especially in littoral seas, requires in-situ environmental updates for preflight mission planning. In the conduct of ASW operations, an urgent need for explicit knowledge of environmental variables is required to optimize the effectiveness of operational acoustic sensors, as well as acoustic sensors in development." The Naval Air Systems Command has considered extended-life environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize the littoral environment. Most designs contain a thermistor string to measure ocean temperatures and also hydrophones to measure ambient noise. This type of complex sonobuoy would be more expensive than a traditional single-measurement AXBT but it could provide a more thorough littoral environment assessment. This " paper examines the trade-off between increased sensor complexity and improved ASW performance, in terms of cumulative detection probability. Some advantages of an extended-life combined thermistor string/hydrophone approach, compared to AXBTs and tactical hydrophones, are: 1) higher accuracy of the raw data; 2) temporal averaging to smooth out fluctuations; 3) extended area coverage during drift; 4) less chance for surface temperature anomalies (e.g., mixed-layer-depth errors) caused by various electronic and mechanical variability upon impact; 5) opportunities to discover thermal and acoustic feature boundaries during drift; and 6) less need to re-seed thus allowing longer tactical mission times. These advantages are evaluated relative to the following disadvantages: 1) increased cost; 2) potential drift outside the mission area; and 3) need for increased battery life for longer durations. The analysis is tempered by considering how a potential new system might be used. One assumption is that an environmental sampling decision aid is available to determine the minimum number and best initial locations of drifting sensors to meet performance objectives. The November 2007 Requirements Document from the Naval Oceanographic Office states "Sampling guidance: Development of guidance on the hest way to deploy, spatially and temporally, observation systems in order to meet various forecasting, model assimilation, and model evaluation objectives is needed." Work in this area is reported in this Oceans '09 Conference in a paper entitled "Uncertainty-based Adaptive AXBT Sampling with SPOTS", which addresses optimal sampling requirements. For this trade-off analysis, temperature data from watersampling flights in the Sea of Japan off the east coast of Korea were used to simulate expected capability of a long-term drifting thermistor string. Then optimal initial positions for three notional buoys were determined followed by a simulation of drifting positions and data collected over 12 days. Ocean nowcasts were constructed and used to determine acoustic performance of a notional tactical sonobuoy field. The analysis shows that a drifting extended-life thermistor string can provide significant improvement in environmental characterization, tactical planning, and ASW detection performance. C1 [DelBalzo, Donald R.] QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Klicka, Joseph] Naval Air Syst Command, PMA 264, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command FX This on-going work was sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1424 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600208 ER PT S AU Wettergren, TA Baylog, JG AF Wettergren, Thomas A. Baylog, John G. GP IEEE TI Collaborative Search Planning for Multiple Vehicles in Nonhomogeneous Environments SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The planning of search paths of multiple unmanned undersea vehicles is complicated by taking into consideration the effects that potential cross-vehicle collaboration may have on their performance. Such collaboration is expected to have the effects of increasing the quality and accuracy of search over that which is obtainable from independent search paths. These problems are important in the undersea domain, where limited communications and uncertain performance characterizations provide a challenge to conduct meaningful search operations in a reasonable amount of time. In this paper, we develop a modeling framework that accounts for the effects of collaborating searchers in a spatially variable undersea environment. The impact of this modeling framework on search plan generation and evaluation is then illustrated using simulation examples. C1 [Wettergren, Thomas A.; Baylog, John G.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org; john.baylog@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1459 EP 1465 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600214 ER PT S AU Helber, RW Shriver, JF Barron, CN Smedstad, OM AF Helber, Robert W. Shriver, Jay F. Barron, Charlie N. Smedstad, Ole Martin GP IEEE TI The impact of the number of satellite altimeters used in a data assimilative ocean prediction system SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB This paper describes the relative impact of the number of satellite altimeters used in the data assimilation portion of the U.S. Navy ocean prediction system. Using two different statistical and two different comparison methods, four different sets of results are evaluated. Much needed information is provided, regarding the ocean prediction accuracy that is achieved with satellite altimeters determined relative to in situ ocean observations. C1 [Helber, Robert W.; Shriver, Jay F.; Barron, Charlie N.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research [602345N] FX This publication is a contribution to the Assessing UUV Sampling Strategies with Observation System Simulation Experiments project supported by the Office of Naval Research under program element 602345N. We also thank Jan Dastugue for skillful rendering of figures. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1508 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600220 ER PT S AU Simeonov, J Holland, T Spansel, S AF Simeonov, Julian Holland, Todd Spansel, Steven GP IEEE TI Rip Currents and Rip Channel Morphodynamics under Quasi-Steady Conditions SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB We developed a realistic test case for morphodynamic predictions of short-term bathymetry evolution associated with quasi-steady rip currents. Assuming stationary forcing, predictions made by the coupled wave-hydrodynamic-morphodynamic model Delft3D are compared with surf zone morphological change inferred from quarterly in-situ bathymetric surveys. The model gives plausible two-dimensional hydrodynamic predictions with offshore currents being strongest in the rip channels. When the default wave-induced bed-load transport is included the model predicts accretion on the bar similar to the observations but the predicted sandbar amplitude grows unrealistically. Both with and without wave-induced transport, the model underestimates the erosion in the rip channels. C1 [Simeonov, Julian; Holland, Todd; Spansel, Steven] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Simeonov, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-3, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1547 EP 1553 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600226 ER PT S AU Mahoney, KL Allen, ND AF Mahoney, K. L. Allen, N. D. GP IEEE TI Glider Observations of Optical Backscatter in Different Jerlov Water Types: Implications to US Naval Operations SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly being used as efficient and cost-effective Intelligent Preparation of the Operational Environment (IPOE) platforms by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which seeks to provide Battlespace on Demand to the US Navy warfighter. One such UUV, the Teledyne/Webb Slocum Electric Glider, was utilized during four US Naval exercises in the past year to provide environmental data in support of Navy operations. Folding Slocum Glider missions into tactical operations has numerous benefits: the Slocum Glider (1) provides high-resolution optical and physical data in shallow coastal environments in real-time, (2) maintains a low profile when surfaced, (3) is piloted remotely with minimal manpower, (4) can be deployed over-the-horizon, and (5) reduces the amount of time an asset spends off-mission for the sake of IPOE measurements. Environmental data include sound velocity profiles, water clarity, and current velocity. The scientific payload for the Slocum Gliders in the NAVOCEANO glider inventory consists of a CTD probe and an optical backscattering sensor. Sound velocity profiles are derived from the CTD, water clarity is inferred from the backscattering data, and depth-averaged currents are determined by offsets between subsurface dead-reckoning position estimates and actual surface Global Positioning System (GPS) position fixes. One issue pertaining to the optical data is that many of the optical products utilized are based on beam attenuation and not optical backscattering. Consequently, optical backscattering data from the NAVOCEANO Slocum glider data must be converted to beam attenuation to be utilized for algorithms that create optical products. The work presented here examines the optical backscattering to beam attenuation relationship of glider-based observations of four distinct coastal water masses, as described by the Jerlov Optical Ocean Water Mass Classification. Optical backscattering data were converted to beam attenuation by (1) using a standard algorithm and (2) scaling backscattering to attenuation. The results indicate that the contribution of optical backscatter to total attenuation depends heavily on the composition of particles in the water column and that concurrent measures of beam attenuation and optical backscattering are needed to provide accurate estimates of relevant optical products. C1 [Mahoney, K. L.; Allen, N. D.] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Mahoney, KL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1554 EP 1561 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600227 ER PT S AU Hartmann, VA Briggs, K Shivarudrappa, S Yeager, KM Diaz, R AF Hartmann, Valerie A. Briggs, Kevin Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar Yeager, Kevin M. Diaz, Robert GP IEEE TI The Impact of Hypoxia on Bioturbation Rates in the Louisiana Continental Shelf, Northern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID ORGANISM-SEDIMENT RELATIONS; SABINE-NECHES ESTUARY; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; MARINE; ENVIRONMENTS; RADIONUCLIDE; RECOVERY; TEXAS; BAY AB Variation in the spatial and temporal extent of hypoxia in coastal bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico leads to changes in benthic community structure and sediment physical properties. Past and present benthic community structure determines what types of biogenic structures are present in the sediment as well as faunal mixing rates. Therefore, hypoxia has an important effect upon bioturbation. This study focuses upon the effects of hypoxia on bioturbation specifically on the continental shelf of Louisiana, where hypoxia has become an important issue due to its seasonal reoccurrence and increasing expansion across the northern Gulf of Mexico over the past 30 years. In this project, characteristics of biogenic structures in the sediment including number, diameter, and depth are correlated with benthic communities dwelling in hypoxic, intermittently hypoxic, and normoxic conditions using non-destructive Computed Tomography (CT) imagery of sediment cores and Sediment Profile Imaging (SPI) photography. Biogenic structures are also correlated with sediment physical properties, bioturbation rates, and bioturbation behaviors (dilator or compactor) of benthic invertebrate fauna. Initial data for this project was collected during two cruises along the continental shelf of Louisiana, the first in April 2009 and the second in September 2009. Four different "provinces" were chosen for sampling using bottom water oxygen concentration data from the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) and archived sediment type data. These four sampling sites represent normoxic and hypoxic provinces with a consistent sediment type. The provinces consist of a normoxic site (NO) that has experienced hypoxia less than 25% of the time and briefly hypoxic (BH), frequently hypoxic (FH) and hypoxic (HO) sites that have experienced hypoxia greater than 25% of the time. We expect areas of rapid deposition (organics and inorganic sediment) and low bottom water oxygen to be colonized by a few organisms that are concentrated near the sediment-water interface, remaining above the depth of the redox potential discontinuity (RPD). In contrast, well oxygenated areas are expected to have developed diverse benthic communities that have attained the equilibrium stage of succession, which includes larger, deeper burrowing fauna. The diverse, deeper-burrowing benthos helps to create and maintain a deeper RPD. As a consequence of the vertical zonation and faunal diversity differences between stressed and recovered areas, several sediment properties may be affected. SPI photographs show that RPD depths in the four provinces vary from 2 to 6 cm below the sediment surface in the spring, before hypoxia has developed. The x-radiographs depict the extent of recent sedimentation and bioturbation at each province. Featured in the x-radiographs are: event layers, shell fragments, voids above and below event layers, vertical, horizontal, and complex burrows. Preliminary radiochemistry results for the April 2009 cruise indicate shallow depths of sediment mixing at all sites on a temporal scale of similar to 1 year (Be-7), though provinces HO and FH show a deeper mixing depth (2.25 cm) over this period than provinces BH or NO (1.25 and 1.75 cm, respectively). This may reflect a competitive advantage of discrete macrobenthic organisms who are better able to tolerate hypoxic conditions, a rapid re-colonization of previously hypoxic bottom sediments, or both. Results from the April 2009 cruise are presented as baseline data to establish benthic macrofauna densities and sediment properties before development of hypoxia. A second cruise was conducted in September to assess the effects of seasonal hypoxia at these same four provinces. C1 [Hartmann, Valerie A.; Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar; Yeager, Kevin M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Briggs, Kevin] Seafloor Sci Branch, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Diaz, Robert] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hartmann, VA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Navy Research Laboratory FX The data presented were collected beginning in 2009 with support from the Navy Research Laboratory. Kimberly Schindler provided excellent technical support and guidance with organic matter and radiochemical analyses of the cores in the laboratory. Many thanks are also owed to Kersey Sturdivant for the SPI photography and assistance with equipment on the boat. Mike Richardson, Sarah Epps, Jan Watkins, and Jason Dale were invaluable help to us on the cruise as well as in the laboratory and provided support above and beyond the call of duty. We are also grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Pelican for their assistance during the cruises. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1604 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600234 ER PT S AU Lindwall, DA Wood, WT AF Lindwall, D. A. Wood, W. T. GP IEEE TI Anisotropy of bottom loss in marine sediments SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB We observed anisotropy in the acoustic reflection amplitudes from the seafloor at Hydrate Ridge on the Oregon Margin. We analyzed acoustic data from several OBS receivers and several sound-source lines with one line being perpendicular to the others. We used time windows to isolate the acoustic data that contained the most information regarding the seafloor reflectivity. The bottom loss is directly related to these observed reflection strengths with some restrictions. The observed higher reflection strengths for the east-west line (perpendicular to bathymetric contours) than to reflection strengths on the north-south lines is unexpected and so far unexplained. We expect that the primary causes of variations in the reflectivity are due to scattering and from heterogeneity. C1 [Lindwall, D. A.; Wood, W. T.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lindwall, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7432, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1668 EP 1675 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600242 ER PT S AU Armstrong, B Pentzer, J Odell, D Bean, T Canning, J Pugsley, D Frenzel, J Anderson, M Edwards, D AF Armstrong, Benjamin Pentzer, Jesse Odell, Douglas Bean, Thomas Canning, John Pugsley, Donald Frenzel, James Anderson, Michael Edwards, Dean GP IEEE TI Field Measurement of Surface Ship Magnetic Signature Using Multiple AUVs SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB An effort has been initiated to develop a portable system capable of measuring the magnetic signature of a surface ship. The system will employ a formation of multiple AUVs, each equipped with a magnetometer. The objective is to measure total magnetic field at specified locations relative to the surface ship. In the first step of system development, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) has been equipped with a tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer and used to perform preliminary magnetic field measurements. Measurements of this type will be used to calibrate an individual AUV/magnetometer system. Initial measurements appear to meet necessary measurement requirements on noise floor as the standard deviation of the indicated total magnetic field was observed to be 21nT while the AUV proceeded on a straight, level path. Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) are being developed for on-board AUV navigation and post-processing a best estimate for AUV vehicle position. Navigation experiments were conducted to evaluate AUV navigation and position estimation. In these experiments, an independent high-accuracy topside-track system was used to provide groud-truth for comparison. The average error in the on-board estimated position of the AUV used for navigation was 1.84m. The post processing EKF was designed to use all available sensor data. This EKF had an average position error of 0.74m when compared to the ground-truth. Overall, the AUV was able to navigate to an average distance of 1.95m from its desired waypoint track. C1 [Armstrong, Benjamin; Pentzer, Jesse; Bean, Thomas; Canning, John; Frenzel, James; Anderson, Michael; Edwards, Dean] Univ Idaho, Ctr Intelligent Syst Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Odell, Douglas] Acoust Res Detachment, Bayview, ID 83803 USA. [Pugsley, Donald] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Armstrong, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Intelligent Syst Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, through "Electromagnetic Signature Assessment System Using Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)" [ONR N00014-08-1-0779] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research, through Electromagnetic Signature Assessment System Using Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), ONR N00014-08-1-0779. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1785 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600260 ER PT S AU Newcomb, JJ Tashmukhambetov, AM Ioup, GE Ioup, JW Sidorovskaia, NA Stephens, JM Rayborn, GH Summerfield, P AF Newcomb, Joal J. Tashmukhambetov, Arslan M. Ioup, George E. Ioup, Juliette W. Sidorovskaia, Natalia A. Stephens, James M. Rayborn, Grayson H. Summerfield, Phil GP IEEE TI EARS Buoy Applications by LADC: II. 3-D Seismic Airgun Array Characterization SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID PROPAGATION AB In September 2007 the Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC), a consortium of University and Navy scientists, conducted an experiment in the northwest Gulf of Mexico to measure the three-dimensional acoustic field of the primary arrival from a seismic airgun array. The water depth was approximately 1500 m. The acoustic measurements were made by Generation 2 4-channel EARS (Environmental Acoustic Recording System) buoys developed by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), with each channel capable of measuring to 25 kHz. A total of 48 hydrophones were deployed on 3 moorings at 20 different depths. At each depth there was a sensitive and desensitized phone, the latter used to prevent clipping. Eight hydrophones (four pairs) were ship-deployed near the surface. A dedicated source ship, the M/V Fairfield ENDEAVOR, supplied almost all the shots, although the M/V Veritas VANTAGE, which was conducting a survey in the area, provided a few lines of opportunity. The M/V CAPE HATTERAS was used to deploy, manage, and recover the receiving hydrophone arrays, as well as to conduct all environmental measurements. It also deployed and provided communication and control for the Ultra Short BaseLine Localization (USBL) system and a single Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), which were used to give accurate hydrophone positions during the experiment. About 3.5 TB of data were collected. C1 [Newcomb, Joal J.] USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tashmukhambetov, Arslan M.; Ioup, George E.; Ioup, Juliette W.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Sidorovskaia, Natalia A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Stephens, James M.; Rayborn, Grayson H.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Summerfield, Phil] UIT, ExxonMobil Corp, E&G DM, DS,Geodet & Cartog, Houston, TX 77060 USA. RP Newcomb, JJ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Joint Industry Programme through the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers; Industry Research Funding Coalition through the International Association of Geophysical Contractors FX Research supported by the Joint Industry Programme through the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers and the Industry Research Funding Coalition through the International Association of Geophysical Contractors. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1794 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600261 ER PT S AU Eickstedt, DP Sideleau, SR AF Eickstedt, Donald P. Sideleau, Scott R. GP IEEE TI The Backseat Control Architecture for Autonomous Robotic Vehicles: A Case Study with the Iver2 AUV SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB In this paper, an innovative hybrid control architecture for real-time control of autonomous robotic vehicles is described as well as its implementation on a commercially available autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). This architecture has two major components, a behavior-based intelligent autonomous controller and an interface to a classical dynamic controller that is responsible for real-time dynamic control of the vehicle given the decisions of the intelligent controller over the decision state space (e.g. vehicle course, speed, and depth). The driving force behind the development of this architecture was a desire to make autonomy software development for underwater vehicles independent from the dynamic control specifics of any given vehicle. The resulting software portability allows significant code reuse and frees autonomy software developers from being tied to a particular vehicle manufacturer's autonomy software and support as long as the vehicle supports the required interface between the intelligent controller and the dynamic controller. This paper will describe in detail the components of the backseat driver architecture as implemented on the Iver2 underwater vehicle, provide several examples of its use, and discuss the future direction of the architecture. C1 [Eickstedt, Donald P.; Sideleau, Scott R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Eickstedt, DP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. EM donald.eickstedt@navy.mil; scott.sideleau@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1891 EP 1898 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600275 ER PT S AU Korobkin, M D'Sa, E Ko, DS AF Korobkin, Mitsuko D'Sa, Eurico Ko, Dong S. GP IEEE TI Satellite Observations and NCOM Assessment of the Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas Coast following Hurricanes Gustav and Ike SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID EDDIES; RIVER AB In 2008, two major category 2 hurricanes impacted the northern Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Gustav made a landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana on September 1, and Hurricane Ike at Galveston, Texas on September 13. Both surface and subsurface changes of sea states caused by these hurricanes were captured by remote sensing. Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS and chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration from SeaWiFS after Gustav and Ike showed evidence of upper-ocean cooling along their tracks and, subsequently, an increase in Chia concentration that is normally not present in the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In particular, phytoplankton blooms were observed by SeaWiFS in the south of Atchafalaya Bay after Gustav and in the Louisiana Bight west of Mississippi bird-foot delta after Ike. Ike caused large-scale flooding east of Galveston, and plumes of high Chla region near river outlets of western Louisiana coast appeared in SeaWiFS data a few weeks later. Moreover, cloud-free weather in late September afforded true-color imagery from MODIS showing estuarine discharge plumes, sediment transport, and shelf eddies along the Louisiana and Texas coast. These important surface/subsurface phenomena triggered by the hurricanes cannot be understood by remote sensing alone. The high-resolution (similar to 2km) Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) developed for Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas (MsLaTex) coast provided additional information, such as sea surface height, degree of vertical stratification, and 3D ocean current vectors, to examine the coastal water responses to hurricanes. We use NCOM to explain physical conditions that caused the plankton blooms and other unusual shelf dynamics after hurricanes Gustav and Ike in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Korobkin, Mitsuko; D'Sa, Eurico] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Korobkin, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mkorob@lsu.edu; ejdsa@lsu.edu; ko@nrissc.navy.mil FU NASA Decisions [NNA07CN12] FX This work was funded by a NASA Decisions Support Grant NNA07CN12 (Applied Sciences Progam). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1899 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600276 ER PT S AU Wood, WT AF Wood, W. T. GP IEEE TI The Distribution of Gas and Gas Hydrate at Natural Seeps Inferred from Seismic Data SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Naval Research Laboratory has conducted detailed seismic and acoustic investigations at natural methane hydrate seep sites at several locations worldwide. The seismic expressions of these features exhibit significant differences, such as bathymetric expression (mounds, pockmarks, pavements) and the positions of the faults that are likely acting as methane-supplying conduits. Similarities include the way in which the base of gas-hydrate stability, a pressure and temperature boundary is perturbed upward by the warm, upward advecting fluids that supply the seep. In all areas observed, massive, sediment-displacing deposits of gas hydrate on or within about one meter of the seafloor are consistent with a localized conduit supplying the methane, but also brings heat, thereby thinning the zone in which hydrates are stable. Although massive gas hydrates on the seafloor are one of the most visible types of gas hydrate accumulation, they appear to be very localized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1907 EP 1910 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601002 ER PT S AU deRada, S Arnone, RA Anderson, S AF deRada, Sergio Arnone, Robert A. Anderson, Stephanie GP IEEE TI Bio-Physical Ocean Modeling in the Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID DATA ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; FORMULATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Oceanography Division has implemented a 1/25 degrees horizontal-resolution numerical ocean model for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The model domain encompasses the entire GOM extending from 18 degrees to 31 degrees North and from 77 degrees to 98 degrees West. The physical formulation is based on the Naval Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) configured with a 40 level sigma-z vertical structure: 19 terrain-following sigma (sigma) levels at the top of the water column, and 21 z (depth) levels at the bottom. The terrain-following levels, reaching from the surface to about 137 meters, allow higher vertical resolutions for resolving mixed layer/shallow waters, while the z-levels are used in the stratified ocean. The ocean bathymetry is constructed from the NRL 2-minute database with the coastline set at a depth of 2 meters. The physical model is one-way coupled to a 13-component ecosystem (biogeochemical) model [Chai et. al., 2002, 2003, 2007] that includes nutrients, two classes of plankton, as well as O and CO2. The current configuration is tailored, but not limited to, real-time (RT) prediction; providing nowcasts (current state of the ocean) and up to 120-hour forecasts for the region. In this configuration, the model receives (initial) boundary information from the operational 1/8 degrees Global NCOM, and it is forced by 3-hourly 1/2 degrees momentum and heat fluxes from the Naval Operational Global Prediction System (NOGAPS). The NCOMGOM model assimilates daily surface/subsurface temperature and salinity generated by the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS), which regresses satellite derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Height (SSH) data to obtain T&S synthetic profiles. The model was initialized on January 1, 2009 from the operational 1/8 degrees Global NCOM physical state and from the World Ocean Atlas 2005 and Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) biogeochemical fields. Results from the real-time NCOMGOM nowcasting/forecasting ocean modeling system are compared and evaluated against in-situ and remotely sensed observations, which include bio-optical products processed by the NRL Ocean Color Section. Google Earth/Ocean is used as a platform for viewing the model results interactively and dynamically in real-time. Initial assessment of the model prediction skill is presented along with future plans for improvements and enhancements. The suitability of the system as a tool for decision management is discussed, outlining processes localized to particular areas such as hypoxia, dead zones, wetland loss and degradation, harmful algal blooms, as well as tropical storms and related issues that affect all coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [deRada, Sergio; Arnone, Robert A.; Anderson, Stephanie] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP deRada, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1915 EP 1921 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601004 ER PT S AU Lunde, BN Coelho, EF AF Lunde, Bruce N. Coelho, Emanuel F. GP IEEE TI Implementations of the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation System at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID PREDICTION; SCHEME; MODEL AB The Naval Oceanographic Office uses the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA) system to perform data assimilation for ocean modeling. Currently the system uses a 3D multivariate optimum interpolation (3D MVOI) algorithm to produce outputs of temperature, salinity, geopotential, and u/v velocity. NCODA is run in a stand alone mode to support automated ocean data quality control (NCODA OcnQC) and to test software updates. NCODA is also coupled with the Regional/Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (RNCOM/GNCOM). The RNCOM/NCODA system is being used as part of an Adaptive Sampling and Prediction (ASAP) pre-operational project, that makes use of the Ensemble Transform (ET) and Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ET KF) applied to ensemble runs of the RNCOM. The ET KF is used to predict the posterior error covariances resulting from possible profile measurements. These results aid in predicting the impact of ocean observations on the future analysis, and thus allow the direction of limited assets to areas that will have the maximum gain (for applications such as ocean acoustics). A review of these systems will be given as well as examples of the metrics used for the RNCOM/NCODA system, ensemble modeling, and ASAP. C1 [Lunde, Bruce N.] USN, Oceanog Off, Code NP11,Bldg 1002, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Coelho, Emanuel F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. RP Lunde, BN (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Code NP11,Bldg 1002, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Bruce.Lunde@navy.mil; Emanuel.Coelho.ctr.po@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2004 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601019 ER PT S AU Shivarudrappa, S Briggs, K Hartmann, V AF Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar Briggs, Kevin Hartmann, Valerie GP IEEE TI Benthic Community Response to Hypoxia: Baseline Data SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB World wide more than 400 aquatic systems are hypoxic, affecting an area of more than 245,000 square kilometers. The hypoxic area in Gulf of Mexico is the second largest in the world next to the Baltic Sea basin. In the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxia is a phenomenon which occurs when the seasonal thermohaline stratification in the water column develops. Under normoxic or hypoxic conditions benthic organisms affect the physicochemical properties of sediment by their usual biological activity such as feeding, locomotion, and burrowing. According to the Pearson-Rosenberg model, changes in the benthos due to hypoxia occur at the community level of organization, with the pioneering community having different biological behavior than the equilibrium community, which normally exists without hypoxic stress. These changes as a response to low oxygen include numerical density, species diversity, organism size, depth of bioturbation, and number of functional groups-all factors which ultimately can affect the physicochemical properties of sediment. Thus, to some extent there may be a feedback mechanism that conditions the sediment properties for the particular type of benthic community. The types of sediment properties that can affect the density and diversity of benthos include grain size distribution, bulk density, and concentration of organic matter. To study these changes, macrobenthos and sediment samples were collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico between the Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers. Four provinces were chosen based on the frequency of occurrence of hypoxic events for a comparison between pre-hypoxic conditions in early spring and hypoxic conditions in late summer. The macrobenthos data will be compared with the sediment properties of grain size, organic matter concentration, sedimentation rate, and depth of the redox potential discontinuity to help explain the variability in the biological data among provinces. The macrobenthos data will be statistically analyzed for species richness using Hurlbert rarefaction curves that enable the calculation of the richness for a set number of species, organism sizes, bioturbation depths, and functional groups. The macrobenthos data will be correlated with sediment properties using the principal component analysis. These baseline data will be compared with similar data collected in September for assessing the effects of hypoxia on benthic community structure in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar; Hartmann, Valerie] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Briggs, Kevin] Seafloor Sci Branch, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shivarudrappa, S (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2014 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601020 ER PT S AU Avera, WE Gallacher, PC Teague, WJ Liang, R Nelson, JB AF Avera, W. E. Gallacher, Patrick C. Teague, W. J. Liang, Robert Nelson, J. Bradley GP IEEE TI Magnetic Noise Associated with Ocean Internal Waves SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Environmental noise can be a major limitation on the performance of magnetic sensor systems in continental shelf regions. Previous work has predicted the magnetic influence from internal waves and indicates that these could be important components of ambient ocean magnetic noise. Existing electric and magnetic field sensor technology has an instrument noise floor well below the ambient magnetic noise in shallow water applications. Model predictions indicate that internal oceanographic features, such as high amplitude internal waves, internal bores and solitary waves, can contribute magnetic variations in the very low frequency band ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 nT which is well above the noise level of commercial magnetometer systems. Predictions of the magnetic character for internal ocean dynamics are computed using a nested non-hydrostatic ocean model coupled with a simple electromagnetic model. These predictions should correlate with oceanographic observations of water velocity. Comparison of the model predictions with observed oceanographic measurements is under investigation. C1 [Avera, W. E.; Gallacher, Patrick C.; Teague, W. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Liang, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nelson, J. Bradley] Def Res & Dev Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y3Z7, Canada. RP Avera, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research though the Naval Research Laboratory [62435N] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research though the Naval Research Laboratory under program element 62435N. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2030 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601023 ER PT S AU Reed, AH Miselis, JL Holland, KT AF Reed, Allen H. Miselis, Jennifer L. Holland, K. Todd GP IEEE TI Thermal diffusivity and strength of tidal flat sediments during a tidal simulation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Coastal margins and tidal flat sediment systems are some of the most complex, heterogeneous and energetically dynamic regions on earth. Tidal flats are repositories of terrigenous and biogenous sediments that are shaped by tides, waves and storms and utilized by birds and benthic organisms. They often lie adjacent to rivers that enable inland passage for ships and access to spawning grounds for fish. As such, they are subject to numerous anthropogenic effects, such as fishing, clamming, beach combing, and automobile traffic. Depending on their morphology and tidal range and periodicity, tidal flats are inundated or exposed for variable amounts of time and over widely different areas. To better understand the properties and distribution of the sediments within this setting, an ongoing study is being conducted to determine the relationship between thermal and geotechnical properties of tidal flat sediments. Our specific objectives are: 1) to determine how to assess thermal properties of laboratory-simulated tidal flat sediments and 2) to assess the relationship between sediment composition and undrained shear strength. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to remotely predict tidal flat trafficability (humans or vehicles) from the temperature signature. To understand how mineralogy influences thermal properties of sediments, several sediment types were tested. To simulate the heterogeneity of the tidal flat, a range of sand-clay mixtures was evaluated. The sand-clay percentages in these mixtures ranged from 100:0 to 0:100 with fractional percentages decremented or incremented by 10 or 20% until all possible sediment mixtures were achieved. Though more complicated scenarios can be simulated, the initial experiments only considered fully saturated sediments. Each sediment tested was exposed to a heat lamp and the resulting temperature gradient was measured every two centimeters with a vertical thermistor array. Measurements were recorded at 5-second intervals during a warming cycle (similar to 20 degrees C change in temperature) and were used to calculate the thermal diffusivity of the sediment using the one-dimensional heat equation. To mimic lateral continuity of a real-world tidal flat and to satisfy the one-dimensional requirement of our numerical method, the sediment was insulated on its sides and base while remaining open at the top to a focused heat source. Homogeneous sediments of varying mineralogy showed distinct differences in thermal conductivity. The ratio of saturated and dry conductivities for sand was 3 times greater than the same ratio for kaolin, suggesting that measurements of sediment temperature at high and low tides might provide insight to tidal flat sediment type. Furthermore, data collected with sediment mixtures showed a non-linear decrease in thermal conductivity with increasing clay fraction and an inverse relationship between thermal conductivity and shear strength. Finally, sediment bearing capacity and shear strength increased with packing density with the highest shear strength occurring at depth within the sediments. The greatest difference in sediment strength occurred in the pure clay sample with the surface strength being similar to 53% lower than the strength at 10 cm below the surface. Additionally, as clay content increased, sediment strength increased as well. On going work will continue to evaluate the relationship between thermal and geotechnical properties of tidal flat sediments. Field work will be conducted in the upcoming months to assess whether thermal properties of sediments may be correlated with sedimentstrength and trafficability. C1 [Reed, Allen H.; Miselis, Jennifer L.; Holland, K. Todd] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39520 USA. RP Reed, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39520 USA. EM allen.reed@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2042 EP 2046 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601025 ER PT S AU Briggs, K Watkins, J Shivarudrappa, S Hartmann, V AF Briggs, Kevin Watkins, Jan Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar Hartmann, Valerie GP IEEE TI Effects of Hypoxia on Sediment Properties in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID BURROWING INVERTEBRATES; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FAUNA AB The effects of hypoxia on benthic community structure and processes are well documented but the direct and indirect effects of hypoxia on seafloor properties are unknown. Using bottom oxygen data compiled by Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, we chose four provinces with sea floors having different number of annual exposures to hypoxia from 1985 to 2006. The provinces were arrayed east to west along the 30-m depth contour from the Mississippi River bird's foot (FH), to south of Terrebonne Bay (BH), and to south of Atchafalaya Bay (HO and NO). Several sediment properties can be affected as a consequence of the vertical zonation and diversity differences between benthos living in hypoxic and normoxic areas. Sediment physical and acoustic properties were measured on cores collected from the March/April 2009 cruise to attain baseline values for comparison among provinces and between pre-hypoxic and persistently hypoxic provinces to be sampled in early September 2009, August 2010, and July 2011. Average values for sediment compressional wave velocity ratio were 1.063, 1.003, 0.979, and 0.995 for provinces NO, BH, FH, and HO, respectively. Average values for sediment compressional wave attenuation were 0.93, 0.30, 0.11, and 032 dB/m.kHz for provinces NO, BH, FH, and HO, respectively. Average values for sediment shear strength in the uppermost 5 cm of subcores were 1.3, 1.8, 0.6, and 0.8 kPa for provinces NO, BH, FH, and HO, respectively. The gradients of sediment shear strength in the top 5 cm of sediment were 0.40, 0.42, 0.17, and 0.28 kPa/cm for provinces NO, BH, FH, and HO, respectively. Sediment grain size distribution and bulk density were measured at 1-cm intervals in the top 2 cm of the core and at 2-cm intervals below those increments on 22 cores. The sediments at provinces NO, BH, and HO were very poorly sorted to extremely poorly sorted sand-silt-clays (mean: 4.9, 8.3, and 8.1 phi, respectively); the sediment at the FH province was a very poorly sorted silty clay (mean: 11.1). Average values for sediment density were 1.819, 1.597, 1.289, and 1.519 g/cm(3) for provinces NO, BH, FH, and HO, respectively. Sediment permeability was measured from each of the 24 box cores on 13-cm-long cores with a falling head permeameter. C1 [Briggs, Kevin; Watkins, Jan] USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Shivarudrappa, Shivakumar; Hartmann, Valerie] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Briggs, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2047 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601026 ER PT S AU Tao, J Zheng, YR Xiao, CS Yang, TC AF Tao, Jun Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID TURBO-EQUALIZATION; CHANNELS AB A new receiver design using iterative block decision-feedback equalizer (BDFE) is proposed for high data rate single-carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. The adoption of BDFE enables a sequence-based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation during iterative equalization, thus leading to better performance and faster convergence than existing low-complexity iterative equalization methods using symbol-based LLR evaluation. The proposed BDFE method is applied to overlapped blocks to reduce performance degradation at the tail of each block. The block size is flexibly selected depending on the practical channel condition. The proposed receiver scheme has been tested by extensive experimental data and proved to be robust to different transmission environments with consistently good detection performance. Data from collected during the SPACE08 experiment near Martha's Vineyard and the GOMEX08 experiment at the Gulf of Mexico, are both presented here. C1 [Tao, Jun] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Univ Missouri Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tao, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846486, CCF-0832833, CCF-0915846]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219, N00014-09-1-0011]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants ECCS-0846486, CCF-0832833 and CCF-0915846, and the Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-07-1-0219 and N00014-09-1-0011. The work of T. C. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research.We thank Dr. James Preisig and his team for conducting the SPACE08 experiment. We are also grateful to Dr. Jingxian Wu for helpful discussion. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2106 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601035 ER PT S AU Fabre, JP Norton, G Zingarelli, R Keiffer, R AF Fabre, J. Paquin Norton, Guy Zingarelli, Robert Keiffer, Richard GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of Methods for Characterizing the Air/Water Interface for Parabolic Equation Transmission Loss Modeling SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID SEA-SURFACE; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; BUBBLES; CLOUDS; WATER AB Proper characterization of underwater acoustic transmission loss (TL) relies on proper treatment of the air/water and water/sediment interfaces. This paper will focus on how the air/water interface is treated in parabolic equation (PE) models such as the range dependent acoustic model (RAM) [Collins, M. D., "Applications and time-domain solution of higher-order parabolic equations in underwater acoustics," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 86(3), 1097-1102, 1989] and the finite element parabolic equation (FEPE) model [Collins, M.D., "A higher-order parabolic equation for wave propagation in an ocean overlying an elastic bottom", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1459-1464, 1989]. Two surface loss methods have been implemented in RAM, a surface loss versus angle (LVA) and a conformal mapping (CM) method. Additionally, the CM method has been implemented in FEPE. These two methods are discussed and compared for realistic test cases and a third option, which has accuracy consistent with the CM but speed more aligned with the LVA approach is discussed. C1 [Fabre, J. Paquin; Norton, Guy; Zingarelli, Robert; Keiffer, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fabre, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2167 EP 2174 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601044 ER PT S AU Zingarelli, RA Chin-Bing, SA Collins, MD AF Zingarelli, Robert A. Chin-Bing, Stanley A. Collins, Michael D. GP IEEE TI Optimizations for Fourier Synthesized Time Domain Pulse Propagation Calculations SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Fourier transform methods are the standard way for determining time-domain pulse structure and arrival time from a set of continuous wave (discrete frequency) underwater acoustic model calculations. This technique requires a large number of computer model runs at closely spaced frequencies, often making it computationally expensive. It has the advantages of including the correct attenuation at each frequency component, and of correctly treating continuity requirements at the water/sediment interface. Direct time-domain computer models are not as accurate for ocean bottoms with strong attenuation over a large bandwidth of frequencies. In this work the frequency-domain/Fourier approach is optimized for maximum efficiency at a given level of acceptable imprecision. Techniques are presented to improve the efficiency of the individual frequency component calculations, and to avoid running many of the frequencies. Efficiencies at individual frequencies are gained through intelligent selection of grid parameters in the ocean acoustic model (a parabolic equation model). Further improvements are achieved through intelligent zero padding schemes, and by interpolating envelope functions at the receiver location in order to estimate (and hence avoid running) up to 90% of the calculations required by the Nyquist sampling theorem. The effects of the various approximations are shown in the examples. C1 [Zingarelli, Robert A.; Chin-Bing, Stanley A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Collins, Michael D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zingarelli, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research with technical management; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research with technical management provided by the Naval Research Laboratory under the 6.2 base program. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2179 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601046 ER PT S AU Sternlicht, DD Harbaugh, JK Nelson, MA AF Sternlicht, Daniel D. Harbaugh, J. Kent Nelson, Matthew A. GP IEEE TI Experiments in Coherent Change Detection for Synthetic Aperture Sonar SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Automatic Change Detection (ACD) compares new and stored terrain images for alerting to changes occurring over time. ACD techniques, long used in airborne radar applications, are just beginning to be applied to sidescan sonar. In Coherent Change Detection (CCD) the cross-correlation of multi-temporal complex data collected from coherent imaging sonars detects changes in the transduced amplitudes and phase of image pixels which, under the right conditions, can be used to detect new objects or disturbances on the seafloor. Synthetic aperture sonars (SAS) produce range-independent, fine resolution seafloor images. With centimetric resolution demonstrated out to hundreds of meters, these coherent systems can classify small manmade objects at long ranges, and should be suitable for CCD. This paper describes experiments testing CCD with data from synthetic aperture sonars mounted on autonomous undersea vehicles and actively navigated tow bodies. A noncoherent example carried out with data collected from an AUV-mounted SAS demonstrates the utility of correlation-based automatic change detection. CCD tests were carried out with repeat pass data collected using a SAS mounted on a dynamically controlled tow vehicle. While simple image pair co-registration procedures failed to provide sufficient coherence in the overall scene required for CCD, preliminary tests of image warping techniques used for airborne radar applications show promise of transitioning successfully into the SAS signal processing chain. C1 [Sternlicht, Daniel D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Harbaugh, J. Kent; Nelson, Matthew A.] Appl Signal Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. RP Sternlicht, DD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2190 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601048 ER PT S AU Field, RL Gallacher, PC Hebert, DA Jarosz, E AF Field, R. L. Gallacher, P. C. Hebert, D. A. Jarosz, E. GP IEEE TI GOMEX08-High Frequency Acoustic Propagation over the Alabama Alps SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The objective of this work is to diagnose high frequency acoustic propagation directly from oceanographic data and ocean models. To achieve this objective a joint acoustic and oceanographic experiment was performed in the Gulf of Mexico in the summer of 2008. This paper will show that high frequency acoustic propagation at 17.5 kHz tracks the estimated turbulent dissipation rate obtained from field measurements and that ocean modeling gives reasonable estimates of both the turbulent dissipation rate and sound speed. The ocean model sound speed structure is used in an acoustic model to simulate the measured acoustic fluctuations at 17.5 kHz over a four hour period. C1 [Field, R. L.; Gallacher, P. C.; Hebert, D. A.; Jarosz, E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Field, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2222 EP 2230 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601053 ER PT S AU Mullen, L Laux, A Cochenour, B McBride, W AF Mullen, L. Laux, A. Cochenour, B. McBride, W. GP IEEE TI Extended Range Underwater Imaging using a Time Varying Intensity (TVI) Approach SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A system based on the time-varying intensity (TVI) approach was built in the early 1970's at the Scripps Visibility Laboratory and experimental data collected by this prototype system showed an imaging capability of between 15 and 20 attenuation lengths at 640 nm. Researchers at the Naval Air Systems Command have developed an updated version of this original system with state-of-the-art components. This new TVI system uses a modulated laser illuminator to convey information about the scan to the distant receiver instead of using a separate optical trigger as was used in the original system. Laboratory water tank experiments were conducted with a prototype modulated TVI system to evaluate the effect of system and environmental variables on the system performance. In parallel with the experiments, an interactive computer simulation was developed to help evaluate the effect of the many variables on the TVI performance. Results from experiments and simulations will be discussed and compared. C1 [Mullen, L.; Laux, A.; Cochenour, B.] USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [McBride, W.] QinetiQ North America, MSAAP, Planning Syst Incorp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2231 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601054 ER PT S AU Barron, CN Helber, RW Jacobs, GA Gunduz, M Spence, P AF Barron, C. N. Helber, R. W. Jacobs, G. A. Gunduz, M. Spence, P. GP IEEE TI Acoustic impact of short-term ocean variability in the Okinawa Trough SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID DATA ASSIMILATION; LAYER; SEA AB The impact of short-term ocean variability on acoustic transmission loss (TL) is examined in the nature run of an observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) centered on the Okinawa Trough in the western North Pacific. Range-dependent examinations of TL in the upper ocean show the impact of variability as it modifies the sonic layer depth and thickness of the surface duct. Short term variations in the marine environment are shown to have potentially significant impact on acoustic propagation, particularly for applications using active sonar. We examine case studies highlighting the effects of three types of phenomena: diurnal warming, typhoon-induced mixing, diurnal warming, and internal waves. These phenomena were identified as important in the OSSE study area during an extensive Navy data collection effort during the summer and fall of 2007. Publically available observations are used to evaluate the fidelity of the nature run, which then serves as the standard for both range-dependent TL computations and comparisons of ocean prediction alternatives. Some of the alternatives do not represent short-term ocean variability. Thus the case studies reveal the types of errors that arise when acoustic calculations fail to account for a sufficient spectrum of environmental influences. TL differences in the variable environments demonstrate acoustic prediction benefits provided by increasingly capable Navy ocean models. C1 [Barron, C. N.; Helber, R. W.; Jacobs, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, NRL Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gunduz, M.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atomospher Predict studies, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Spence, P.] QinetiQ North America, Technol Solut Grp, PSI, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Barron, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRL Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is a contribution to the 6.2 Assessing UUV Sampling Strategies with Observation System Simulation Experiments project supported by the Office of Naval Research under program element NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2239 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601055 ER PT S AU Fulford, JK AF Fulford, James K. GP IEEE TI Cluster of Sound Speed Fields by an Integral Measure SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A technique to cluster large area oceanic predictions of sound speed into quasi-range independent areas is presented. Oceanic models produce high fidelity predictions of the oceanic sound speed fields that enable large-scale simulation of acoustic propagation with reasonable accuracy. Unfortunately, the oceanic models can produce sound speed fields quicker than can be digested by current technologies in underwater acoustic performance prediction systems. The speed bottleneck can be broken in two ways, a long term improvement in prediction technologies, and a interim process that allows similar acoustic areas to be aggregated into range dependent regions while maintaining a high degree of fidelity with the performance prediction resulting from using the complete oceanic model output. The interim process created must be capable of reflecting changes in sound speed field that control water born energy, and the changes in the field that effect the interaction with the oceanic bottom. This study uses vertically integrated gradient of the sound speed field as a basis for creating quasi-range dependent areas. The integrated gradient, when applied over a restricted latitudinal extent, gives an estimate of the mean ray curvature in the wave-guide. Since the field is integrated over depth, the effects of water depth are included in the calculation. The nature of the interaction with the oceanic bottom is not included in this calculation. The variations in bottom loss over the region of interest will be integrated into the analysis at a latter stage. The quantity cannot be used to predict transmission loss, but indicates where similar propagation conditions occur. The method is shown to be sensitive to the characteristics of the deep sound channel, and changes in the near surface structure of the sound speed field. The method is sensitive to the vertical integration weighting, which needs to be investigated further. The method is applied to an oceanic region where variations in bottom effects are simple and relatively well understood. Incoherent acoustic transmission loss predictions are made from a single receiver depth to a single target depth for each of the longitude-latitude mesh points in the computational domain of the oceanic prediction model where the initial water depth is greater than both the receiver depth and the target depth to a maximum range of 100km. The transmission loss predictions are fitted to a two-parameter family of curves. The two-parameter family of curves accomplish two closely related goals: (1) the number of parameters that must be compared is minimized, and (2) the slight differences in range of maximum and minimum that so often cloud prediction comparisons are eliminated. The relationships between transmission loss parameters, and integrated gradient of the sound speed field are relatively well constrained. The relationships cluster into groups that are characterized by bottom type. The relationships between the two-parameter family of curves and the vertically integrated index are thus far diagnostic, the variations in parameter coefficient are large enough such that a prognostic relationship does not appear to be supported. C1 USN, Res Lab Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fulford, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jim.fulford@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2271 EP 2274 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601060 ER PT S AU Fulford, JK AF Fulford, James K. GP IEEE TI Flow interpretation implications for Poro-Elastic Modeling SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID FREQUENCY RANGE; PROPAGATION; WAVES; MEDIA AB The basis of poro-elastic modeling is a set of assumptions about the nature of the porous media and the fluid that fill its void spaces. The basic assumptions are: (1) the solid matrix is homogenous, elastically deformable, and chemically inert with respect to the fluid, (2) the fluid is single phase and Newtonian, (3) the flow is in the laminar range, (4) there is an explicit one-to-one relationship between porosity and permeability, and (5) the fluid flow is governed by Darcy's law. There are two basic interpretations of Darcy's law. The primary interpretation in poro-elastic acoustics is to assume that Darcy's law is a restatement of Poisseuille's law for porous media applications. This restatement can be extended for bundles of capillary tubes, and non-straight tubes. This gives rise to a linear equation that predicts the acoustic dispersion, and attenuation for acoustic waves in a porous media. Unfortunately, simulations of fluid flow in He le-Shaw cells suggest that for porous media consisting of face-centered-cubically packed spheres the Poisseuille law treatment is incorrect. Both the distribution of fluid velocity, and viscous drag are incorrect. The second interpretation is to assume that Darcy's law is a macro-scale statistically derived flow relationship derived from underlying micro-scale processes. This methods gives rise to a model that inherently includes flow geometry, and variations in permeability and porosity. The statistical model allows for the definition of permeability such that the tortuosity of the fluid paths are explicitly included in both the permeability and the inertial effects. Additional fluid dynamic phenomena, such as inertial effects, internal friction and local accelerations among others can be included in the calculation. Two quantities of interest in understanding porous media flow characteristics are the dispersivity of the porous media, and the permeability. The dispersivity determines the spreading of a definite fluid portion, and the permeability determines the average flux of a fluid through the porous media. The Poisseuille law treatment leads to models that can explain longitudinal dispersion in porous media flows, but cannot explain transverse dispersion. The macro-scale statistical model can explain both phenomena at a cost of complexity. Thus the Poisseuille law treatment will give rise to less dispersive estimates of the momentum transfer, and thereby greater overall acoustic effects caused by momentum transfer by the fluid. The Poisseuille law treatment or the statistical treatment of Darcy's Law can employed within the consolidation model framework to predict compressional phase speeds, shear phase speeds, and attenuations. The predictions from either method are similar. Both methods predict a non-linear dependence on frequency, frequency dependent phase speeds, and two compressional waves. The overall shape of the sound speed dispersion relationship for each of the fluid flow models is similar, although a significant difference is obvious. The most significant difference in the predictions from the two interpretations is the velocity difference between high-frequency and low-frequency phases speeds is larger by roughly a factor of two for the Poisseuille law interpretation. This discrepancy has implications for the interpretation of acoustical inversions based on poro-elastic models. C1 USN, Res Lab Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fulford, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jim.fulford@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2275 EP 2278 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601061 ER PT S AU Zajic, AG AF Zajic, Alenka G. GP IEEE TI Statistical Space-Time-Frequency Characterization of MIMO Shallow Water Acoustic Channels SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID COMMUNICATION AB This paper proposes a geometry-based statistical model for multiple-input multiple-output shallow water acoustic multipath fading channels. From the reference model, the corresponding space-time-frequency correlation function is derived. Finally, the derived spatial and temporal correlations are compared with the empirically obtained channel statistics and close agreement is observed(1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zajic, AG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2301 EP 2306 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601065 ER PT S AU Ramp, SR Rice, J Stacey, M Garfield, T Largier, J AF Ramp, Steven R. Rice, Joseph Stacey, Mark Garfield, Toby Largier, John GP IEEE TI SF Bayweb 2009: Planting the Seeds of an Observing System in the San Francisco Bay SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A pilot project was recently completed in the San Francisco Bay from May 1-10, 2009, to test the use of advanced moorings combined with undersea and wireless networking for displaying real-time environmental data online. The project was a collaboration among several universities and state and federal agencies and was hosted by SFSU's Romberg Tiburon Center (RTC) in Tiburon, CA. Two current profilers housed in hydrodynamic moorings were deployed near Angel Island to observe currents throughout the water column and transmit data to shore in real time via a communications gateway mounted on a US Coast Guard navigation buoy. The network was an implementation of the most recent version of the Seaweb system developed at the SPAWAR systems center in San Diego, CA. A series of undersea repeater nodes were used to transmit the signals from the sensors to the buoy using very low power outputs. Shipboard CTD and ADCP surveys were also completed to help understand the observed circulation. The long-term plan is to make these data available all the time at several key choke points within the bay and use it to constrain a new community model of the San Francisco Bay circulation being developed by UC Berkeley and Stanford University. The model output will in turn be used to address community needs in the areas for maritime safety, water quality, spill containment and mitigation, and ecosystem health. Instruments were deployed in Raccoon Strait and the Main Channel on May 1, 2009 and collected data for 10 days. The primary mooring structure was a new package developed at the Naval Postgraduate School that integrated current sensors, acoustic release, and acoustic modems into a Flotation Technologies Stablemoor moored 3 m off the ocean floor. This package allowed for the possibility of migrating sand waves about 2 m high, which could potentially prevent a bottom package from being recovered. Mooring performance was good, with a variance in pitch and roll of only about plus or minus 5 degrees in very high currents. Observed currents in the Main Channel were predominantly tidal and oscillated from the southwest to northeast at speeds exceeding 100 cm/s. Currents were barotropic over most of the tidal cycle but exhibited an unusual shear in the v-component for about 3 hours at the beginning of each ebb tide. Such shear in the water column is of interest to deep-draft vessels transiting the area. The Raccoon Strait observations were hampered by a failed compass in the instrument: It may be possible to reconstruct the record using the observed speed and the highly oscillatory nature of the flow. Plans are underway for a second, longer deployment in the bay during July 2009. These technologies can potentially allow for obtaining real-time current observations in difficult environments where they were not previously possible. C1 [Ramp, Steven R.] CeNCOOS MBARI, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Rice, Joseph] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garfield, Toby] SFSU Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif Bodega, Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), CeNCOOS MBARI, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. FU U.S. Navyvia the Naval Postgraduate School and the SPAWAR Systems Center; ONR Physical Oceanography Program; NOAA via CeNCOOS FX Funding for this exercise was mostly cooperative. Significant funding was provided however by the U.S. Navyvia the Naval Postgraduate School and the SPAWAR Systems Center. S. R. Ramp and F. L. Bahr were partially supported by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program and by NOAA via CeNCOOS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2337 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601071 ER PT S AU Prater, JL G-Michael, T AF Prater, James L. G-Michael, Tesfaye GP IEEE TI Interferometric Measurements Using Redundant Phase Centers of Synthetic Aperture Sonars SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Interferometric sonars with multiple horizontal rows of elements have been used routinely to produce swath bathymetry. However, interferometric sonars are larger more complex, and consume more power than arrays with a single row of elements. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems often require the use of redundant phase centers (RPC), where the aft sonar element positions overlap in space with the forward element positions of the previous ping. Considering that a vehicle carrying a SAS array would likely have non-zero pitch, the use of RPC provides sonar data from receivers at the same along-track position with some vertical displacement. This data is similar to that of interferometric systems with the exception that the distance between receiver pairs can vary with vehicle motion and the received signals are not collected concurrently. This paper evaluates the possibility that an interferometric capability could be achieved using RPC data collected from a SAS system consisting of a single horizontal row of elements. An error analysis was conducted to determine the effect of errors in relative receiver position on swath bathymetry. Results show that errors in receiver vertical displacement result in similar percent errors in elevation. Therefore, errors in swath bathymetry can be reduced by designing the array to increase vertical displacement between RPC pairs. Results also show that increasing vertical displacement between RPC pairs can also reduce the impact of data phase measurement errors on swath bathymetry. Swath bathymetry measurements are very sensitive to errors in across-track displacements, but the predictable nature and scale of the error may indicate that accurate across-track displacements could be calculated from phase measurements. Swath bathymetry images produced from data acquired by an existing SAS consisting of a single horizontal row of elements are shown and illustrate viability of the technique depending on the required resolution of the system. C1 [Prater, James L.; G-Michael, Tesfaye] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Prater, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2422 EP 2427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601083 ER PT S AU Penta, B Ko, D Gould, R Arnone, R Greene, R Lehrter, J Hagy, J Schaeffer, B Murrell, M Kurtz, J Herchenroder, B Green, R Eldridge, P AF Penta, B. Ko, D. Gould, R. Arnone, R. Greene, R. Lehrter, J. Hagy, J. Schaeffer, B. Murrell, M. Kurtz, J. Herchenroder, B. Green, R. Eldridge, P. GP IEEE TI Using Coupled Models to Study the Effects of River Discharge on Biogeochemical Cycling and Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf Of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB We describe emerging capabilities to understand physical processes and biogeochemical cycles in coastal waters through the use of satellites, numerical models, and ship observations. Emerging capabilities provide significantly improved ability to model ecological systems and the impact of environmental management actions on them. The complex interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes responsible for hypoxic events requires an integrated approach to research, monitoring, and modeling in order to fully define the processes leading to hypoxia. Our effort characterizes the carbon cycle associated with river plumes and the export of organic matter and nutrients from coastal Louisiana wetlands and embayments in a spatially and temporally intensive manner previously not possible. Riverine nutrients clearly affect ecosystems in the northern Gulf of Mexico as evidenced in the occurrence of regional hypoxia events. Less known and largely unquantified is the export of organic matter and nutrients from the large areas of disappearing coastal wetlands and large embayments adjacent to the Louisiana Continental Shelf. This project provides new methods to track the river plume along the shelf and to estimate the rate of export of suspended inorganic and organic particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from coastal habitats of south Louisiana. C1 [Penta, B.; Ko, D.; Gould, R.; Arnone, R.; Green, R.] Naval Res Lab, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Greene, R.; Lehrter, J.; Hagy, J.; Schaeffer, B.; Murrell, M.; Kurtz, J.] US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Herchenroder, B.] Lockhead Martin Informat Technol, EPA Environm Modeling & Visualizat Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eldridge, P.] Western Ecol Div, USEPA Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Penta, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This project is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2592 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601109 ER PT S AU Abelev, A Valent, P AF Abelev, Andrei Valent, Philip GP IEEE TI Strain-rate dependency of strength of soft marine deposits of the Gulf of Mexico SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID CLAY AB Many marine civil engineering applications require knowledge and understanding of the behavior and strength properties of soft cohesive marine sediments under high strain-rate conditions, typically encountered during impact penetration events of sediment probes and other objects as a result of free fall through the water column. In order to investigate these effects, a series of variable rotational rate vane shear tests were performed using a precision rheometer and spanning the rotational rate range of 0.25 to 1000 [1/min]. A wide range of water contents from 65 to 95% was examined as a primary influence on the response of a particular saturated silty clay material. Non-linearities in the behavior of the soft mud were analyzed and applicability and precision of various models examined. A modified rate equation is suggested yielding good correlation with experimental data at all water contents and all rotational rates explored. C1 [Abelev, Andrei; Valent, Philip] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Abelev, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2607 EP 2615 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601111 ER PT S AU Abelev, A Tubbs, K Valent, P AF Abelev, Andrei Tubbs, Kevin Valent, Philip GP IEEE TI NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMIC FREE-FALL PENETROMETERS IN SOFT COHESIVE MARINE SEDIMENTS USING A FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROACH SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID PENETRATION; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH; CLAYS AB Rapid assessments of undrained shear strength of marine sediments are often of great interest in various branches of offshore civil and petroleum engineering, as well as the Navy. Dynamic free-fall penetrometers offer a potential for such rapid strength assessment, but have typically been employed in conjunction with mostly empirical relationships to investigate the undrained shear strengths of sediments. In this work, we analyze the behavior of STING (Sea Terminal Impact Naval Gauge) using the deceleration record of sediment impact. We modify an existing numerical technique for extraction of the undrained shear strength from the deceleration history of the probe. We utilize a finite-difference code for the analysis of continua (FLAC3D [1]) for solution of the penetrometer impact and penetration into the heterogeneous marine sediments. The numerical solutions are described in detail and address many aspects of modeling penetration resistance in cohesive materials. Analysis was performed into a number of numerical aspects of attaining the solution in FLAC3D, including the indeterminate contact geometry after discretization, and incompressibility of the deforming material and the influence of the Poisson's ratio on the solution. Undrained deformation of the water saturated cohesive sediments is characterized by nearly incompressible response, leading to some difficulties in achieving accurate solutions. These effects were investigated and stable solutions were attained. Numerical predictions thus accomplished were compared with the values of the undrained shear strength, as determined in standard laboratory tests on specimens recovered from several locations in the Gulf of Mexico and showed good accuracy and large improvement over the original STING processing algorithm. C1 [Abelev, Andrei; Tubbs, Kevin; Valent, Philip] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Abelev, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2616 EP 2625 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601112 ER PT S AU Abelev, A Simeonov, J Valent, P AF Abelev, Andrei Simeonov, Julian Valent, Philip GP IEEE TI Numerical investigation of dynamic free-fall penetrometers in soft cohesive marine sediments using a finite element approach SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID CONE PENETRATION C1 [Abelev, Andrei; Simeonov, Julian; Valent, Philip] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Abelev, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2626 EP 2633 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601113 ER PT S AU Dennis, SM AF Dennis, Steven M. GP IEEE TI Coverage Metric for Acoustic Receiver Evaluation and Track Generation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Acoustic receiver track generation has been the subject of active research, both academic and operational, since at least 1946. In general, track generation algorithms operate by maximizing some measure of effectiveness or performance for a particular receiver in a particular environment. Current probability-based receiver performance measures are difficult to visualize, time consuming to calculate and are not easily subject to strict scientific analysis. Although great strides have been made in the ability to model and predict oceanography (temperature, salinity, currents, etc.) accurately, there exists the need to develop measures of receiver performance which more readily lend themselves to analysis of sensitivity to environmental variation or uncertainty. With the increasing dependence on optimization algorithms in acoustic receiver placement and track generation in the presence of variable or uncertain environments, the desire for a more environmentally-sensitive metric of acoustic receiver performance has arisen. A measure of performance based upon acoustic coverage area has shown promise as a basis for acoustic receiver utilization and optimized track generation applications and is presented here. Coverage can be defined as the areas throughout which a receiver has a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio or, alternatively, probability of making positive observations. For the purposes of determining optimal receiver placement and track generation the area of interest is divided into a sufficiently sampled grid of calculation points. Computing and compiling acoustic receiver coverage area information for grid points throughout the area of interest into an acoustic receiver coverage map gives immediate visual feedback on locations of optimal performance for a specific acoustic receiver in use in the current ocean environment. By making use of multiple calculation layers in an N x 2-D fashion, acoustic coverage volumes can be constructed for the purposes of three dimensional receiver placement or track generation. The use of an acoustic coverage-based metric for optimal track generation is shown to compare favorably with current track optimizers which use cumulative probability measures of performance, offering faster calculation times and a stronger connection to the acoustic environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dennis, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2716 EP 2719 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601126 ER PT S AU Fabre, JP AF Fabre, J. Paquin GP IEEE TI A metric for comparing acoustic transmission loss curves SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A metric is presented for quantifying the difference between two acoustic transmission loss curves. This allows a fast, but more importantly, consistent way to determine how well two underwater acoustic transmission loss curves compare in terms of their end use. Two methods are proposed for different applications, the first involves comparing only the curves themselves and the second involves use of a figure of merit to compare the curves as they apply to an end performance estimate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fabre, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2779 EP 2784 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601134 ER PT S AU Fabre, JP AF Fabre, J. Paquin GP IEEE TI Technical Metrics for Acoustic Evaluation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A Technical Metrics Workshop was held at NRL Stennis Space Center, MS, by the NRL Acoustics Division April 29 - May 1, 2008. The primary goal of the workshop was to identify the state-of-the-art technical and scientific metrics for the acoustic and oceanographic research and development communities. A second goal was to relate scientific metrics to engineering and performance metrics, and outline the inclusion of uncertainties in various parameters using metric variability. Participation in the workshop was significant. State-of-the-art technical applications, as well as brief insights into future metrics, requirements for metrics, standards or reference level metrics were presented. This paper briefly summarizes and presents the conclusions of the workshop. This work is a useful reference for building consistent technical metrics within the ocean and acoustic research and development community, as well as providing common guidance for measuring exit and milestone criteria, and for quantifying the contributions of interdisciplinary projects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fabre, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2785 EP 2789 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601135 ER PT S AU Schoenhardt, N Sample, JT McCreedy, F AF Schoenhardt, Norman Sample, John T. McCreedy, Frank GP IEEE TI A Tile-Based System for the Rapid Display of Symbolized Digital Nautical Chart Data SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB For efficient retrieval and display of Digital Nautical Chart (DNC (R)) imagery, a tiled-based approach is presented. By preprocessing the data into persistent image tiles, the presented method can minimize or eliminate image processing steps during the retrieval process. Tile-based approaches define constant image sizes and scales for geographic regions, therefore tiles can be pre-generated and stored in a format needed for transmission to users. This greatly improves the performance of applications that visualize DNC (R) data and allows for advanced caching of DNC (R) imagery tiles. In addition, the evenly-spaced and commonly-sized images are stored in files that are easily indexed allowing for simple and fast lookup of DNC (R) imagery tiles for a given geographic area. C1 [Schoenhardt, Norman; Sample, John T.; McCreedy, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schoenhardt, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2790 EP 2795 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601136 ER PT S AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. GP IEEE TI Weakly Nonlinear Harmonic Acoustic Waves in Classical Thermoviscous Fluids: A Perturbation Analysis SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID EQUATION AB Using regular perturbation analysis, we investigate the propagation of a time-harmonic acoustic signal, generated by a sinusoidal boundary condition, in a half-space filled with a classical thermoviscous fluid. It is assumed that the flow is described by a recently introduced, weakly nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) that, unlike earlier models, exhibits a Hamiltonian structure in the lossless limit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2812 EP 2815 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601140 ER PT B AU Devgan, PS Diehl, JF Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Devgan, Preetpaul S. Diehl, John F. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI Transmission of an ultra-low-jitter RE signal with high output power using all-photonic gain and saturated photodetector SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA ID HIGH-STABILITY; FREQUENCY AB All-photonic gain allows for the transmission of an ultra-low-jitter signal over 14 km of fiber. The jitter is 2.75 fs, only 0.3 fs more than back-to-back, while RF output power is increased 7.7 dB. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Diehl, John F.; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Devgan, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pdevgan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 2026 EP 2028 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764201014 ER PT B AU Hu, J Menyuk, CR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Hu, J. Menyuk, C. R. Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. GP IEEE TI Supercontinuum generation in an As2Se3-based chalcogenide PCF using four-wave mixing and soliton self-frequency shift SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; OPTICAL-FIBER AB We theoretically find a bandwidth of 4 mu m can be generated using four-wave mixing and soliton self-frequency shift, in an As2SC3-based chalcogenide PCF with an air-hole-diameter-to-pitch ratio of 0.4 and a pitch of 3 mu m. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, J.; Menyuk, C. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, TRC205A,1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shaw, L. B.; Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, TRC205A,1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hu1@umbc.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 2903 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764201199 ER PT B AU Fu, TC Fullerton, AM Terrill, E Faller, W Lada, G Hess, D Minnick, L AF Fu, T. C. Fullerton, A. M. Terrill, E. Faller, W. Lada, G. Hess, D. Minnick, L. GP ASME TI MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF THE MOTIONS OF A HIGH-SPEED CATAMARAN IN WAVES SO OMAE 2009, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB Wetdeck slamming can be defined as a large vertical acceleration event that occurs when ship motions cause an impact between the cross deck and the ocean's surface. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and other simulation tools to accurately predict wetdeck slamming loads and ship motions has become the objective of a number of efforts (Hess, et al, 2007; Lin, et al, 2007; Faller et al, 2008; for example). The Sea Fighter, FSF-1, is a high-speed research vessel developed by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). Christened in 2005, she is an aluminum catamaran propelled by four steerable water jets capable of speeds up to 50 knots. In 2006, Sea Fighter underwent a series of rough water trials to assess its operational profile in high sea states (Fu, et. al., 2007). Along with this assessment, ONR sponsored an effort to obtain full-scale qualitative and quantitative wave slamming and ship motion data. One of these rough water trials took place 18-20 April 2006 as the ship transited from Esquimalt, British Columbia, Canada to San Diego, California, USA. During this trial, the significant wave height ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 m and the ship speed ranged from 20 to 40 knots. This paper describes the results of the effort to characterize the Sea Fighter's motion in waves. To provide suitable full-scale validation data, the incoming ambient waves had to be characterized. A Light Detecting and Ranging, (LiDAR) system, an array of ultrasonic distance sensors, and several video cameras were used to characterize the incoming wave field. In addition, three fiber optic gyro motion units were deployed to record ship motions. Additionally, a GPS unit was utilized to measure ship speed, pitch, roll, and heading. Several slam and near slam events are discussed over the range of ship's speed, heading, and sea states tested. Similarities and differences between these events are also noted. Additionally, this data was used to develop a simulation of the Sea Fighter's motion in waves similar to previous work done utilizing model test data (Hess, et al, 2007; Faller et al, 2008). C1 [Fu, T. C.; Fullerton, A. M.; Hess, D.; Minnick, L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Fu, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4344-4 PY 2009 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BTB79 UT WOS:000286404300059 ER PT B AU Fullerton, AM Fu, TC Ammeen, ES AF Fullerton, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. Ammeen, Edward S. GP ASME TI DISTRIBUTION OF WAVE IMPACT FORCES FROM BREAKING AND NON-BREAKING WAVES SO OMAE 2009, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID PRESSURES AB Impact loads from waves on vessels and coastal structures are highly complex and may involve wave breaking, making these changes difficult to estimate numerically or empirically. Results from previous experiments have shown a wide range of forces and pressures measured from breaking and non-breaking waves, with no clear trend between wave characteristics and the localized forces and pressures that they generate. In 2008, a canonical breaking wave impact data set was obtained at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, by measuring the distribution of impact pressures of incident non-breaking and breaking waves on one face of a cube. The effects of wave height, wavelength, face orientation, face angle, and submergence depth were investigated. A limited number of runs were made at low forward speeds, ranging from about 0.5 to 2 knots (0.26 to 1.03 m/s). The measurement cube was outfitted with a removable instrumented plate measuring 1 ft(2) (0.09 m(2)), and the wave heights tested ranged from 8-14 inches (20.3 to 35.6 cm). The instrumented plate had 9 slam panels of varying sizes made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and 11 pressure gages; this data was collected at 5 kHz to capture the dynamic response of the gages and panels and fully resolve the shapes of the impacts. A Kistler gage was used to measure the total force averaged over the cube face. A bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was used to obtain measurements of velocity through the water column to provide incoming velocity boundary conditions. A Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) system was also used above the basin to obtain a surface mapping of the free surface over a distance of approximately 15 feet (4.6 m). Additional point measurements of the free surface were made using acoustic distance sensors. Standard and high-speed video cameras were used to capture a qualitative assessment of the impacts. Impact loads on the plate tend to increase with wave height, as well as with plate inclination toward incoming waves. Further trends of the pressures and forces with wave characteristics, cube orientation, draft and face angle are investigated and presented in this paper, and are also compared with previous test results. C1 [Fullerton, Anne M.; Fu, Thomas C.; Ammeen, Edward S.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Fullerton, AM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4344-4 PY 2009 BP 609 EP 617 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BTB79 UT WOS:000286404300071 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Operational Warfare at Sea Theory and practice Introduction SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 1 EP + PG 22 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700002 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Operational Warfare at Sea Theory and practice Preface SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP XII EP XIII PG 2 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700001 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI The objectives SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 21 EP + PG 31 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700003 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Methods SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 49 EP + PG 22 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700004 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Maritime operational functions SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 69 EP + PG 33 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700005 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Naval operational planning SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 99 EP + PG 21 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700006 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Operational design SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 119 EP + PG 19 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700007 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI The operational idea SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 137 EP + PG 39 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700008 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Preparations and execution SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 172 EP + PG 13 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700009 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Operational leadership SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 184 EP + PG 22 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700010 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI Operational thinking SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 202 EP + PG 21 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700011 ER PT S AU Vego, M AF Vego, Milan BA Vego, M BF Vego, M TI The future SO OPERATIONAL WARFARE AT SEA: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-88995-4 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2009 VL 42 BP 220 EP + PG 13 WC History; Management; Political Science SC History; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BMK09 UT WOS:000272651700012 ER PT J AU Lin, YM Gupta, MC Taylor, RE Lei, C Stone, W Spidel, T Yu, M Williams, R AF Lin, Yaomin Gupta, Mool C. Taylor, Robert E. Lei, Charles Stone, William Spidel, Tom Yu, Michael Williams, Reanne TI Nanosecond pulsed laser micromachining for experimental fatigue life study of Ti-3Al-2.5V tubes SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nanosecond pulsed laser; Laser micromachining; Fatigue life; Ti-3Al-2.5V; Notch ID GROWTH; INITIATION; CRACKS AB Defects on external Surface of in-service hydraulic tubes can reduce total life cycles for operation. Evaluation of fatigue life of the tubes with damage is thus critical for safety reasons. A methodology of generating defects in the Ti-3Al-2.5V tube-a widely used pipeline in hydraulic systems of aircrafts-using nanosecond pulsed laser for experimental fatigue life study is described in this paper. Straight tubes of five different sizes were laser micromachined to generate notches of given length and depths on the outside Surface. Approaches were developed to precisely control the notch dimensions. The laser-notched tubes were tested with cyclic internal impulse pressure and fatigue life was measured, The laser notches and fatigue cracks were characterized after the test. It is concluded that laser micromachining generated consistent notches, and the influence of notch depth on fatigue life of the tube is significant. Based on the experimental test results, the relationship between the fatigue life of the Ti-3Al-2.5V tube and the notch depth was revealed. The research demonstrated that laser micromachining is applicable for experimental fatigue life study of titanium tubes. The presented test data are useful for estimating the damage limits of the titanium tubes in service environment and for further theoretical studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Yaomin; Gupta, Mool C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lin, Yaomin] Alfred E Mann Fdn Sci Res, Santa Clara, CA 91355 USA. [Taylor, Robert E.; Lei, Charles; Stone, William; Spidel, Tom; Yu, Michael; Williams, Reanne] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Gupta, MC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Thornton Hall,351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mgupta@virginia.edu OI Lin, Yaomin/0000-0002-6509-308X FU NAVAIR; NSF I/UCRC Laser Center FX Financial Support from NAVAIR and NSF I/UCRC Laser Center are gratefully acknowledged. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2008.07.008 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386WS UT WOS:000261913900018 ER PT S AU Johnson, BJ Melde, BJ Charles, PT Malanoski, AP AF Johnson, Brandy J. Melde, Brian J. Charles, Paul T. Malanoski, Anthony P. BE Halvorson, CS Southern, SO Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Porphyrin-embedded organosilicas for detection and decontamination SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS IN GLOBAL HOMELAND SECURITY V AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security V/Biometric Technology for Human Identification VI CY APR 13-16, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optical detection; porphyrin; imprint; mesoporous organosilica; photocatalysis; trinitrotoluene; absorbance; fluorescence ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; NANOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; METALLOPORPHYRINS; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; SURFACTANT AB Porphyrin-embedded materials (PEMs) combine the tunable binding selectivity, high surface area, and low materials density of a highly ordered pore network with the unique properties of porphyrins. Porphyrins are a family of large, nearly planar molecules which strongly absorb visible light and fluoresce intensely. They are highly sensitively to alterations in their immediate environment making porphyrins valuable as indicators. They are well established electro- and photocatalysts and have been used in this capacity in a wide range of applications. Surfactant-templated nanoporous organosilicas have great potential for the adsorption of small molecule contaminants. They can be synthesized with high surface areas, uniform pore dimensions, and ordered nanostructures while incorporating organic bridging groups in the pore walls that may be tuned for adsorption of a specific class of compounds. In the porphyrin-embedded materials, the organosilica scaffold stabilizes the porphyrin and facilitates optimal orientation of porphyrin and target. The materials can be stored under ambient conditions and offer exceptional shelf-life. The selectivity of the materials can be controlled both through incorporation of varying organic bridging groups in the organosilica structure and through selection of the porphyrin component. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Melde, Brian J.; Charles, Paul T.; Malanoski, Anthony P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7572-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7306 AR 73060E DI 10.1117/12.819875 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BVR68 UT WOS:000292555700009 ER PT S AU Malanoski, AP Leski, TA Cheng, L Wang, Z Stenger, DA Lin, BC AF Malanoski, Anthony P. Leski, Tomasz A. Cheng, Luke Wang, Zheng Stenger, David A. Lin, Baochuan BE Halvorson, CS Southern, SO Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Broad-spectrum identification and discrimination between biothreat agents and near-neighbor species SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS IN GLOBAL HOMELAND SECURITY V AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security V/Biometric Technology for Human Identification VI CY APR 13-16, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biothreat agents; confounder; geographic information system; limit of detection; resequencing microarray (RPM); pathogencity; tropical and emerging infections ID RESEQUENCING DNA MICROARRAYS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION; ARRAYS; MICROORGANISMS; VIRUSES; PATTERN AB A comprehensive resequencing microarray "Tropical and Emerging Infections (TessArray RPM-TEI 1.0 array)" has been developed to identify and distinguish between biothreat organisms of interest and genetically close related species. This array has undergone validation using an innovative approach where synthetic DNA fragments are used for organisms that it is not safe to work with outside a biosafety 3 facilities. The approach was confirmed from testing a subset of target organisms, such as Ebola viruses and Lassa viruses, at USAMRIID. Most potential biothreat organisms are actually endemic in some part of the world. Proper surveillance of biothreat agents will require some form of monitoring the evolution of the indigenous organisms under their natural environment, so when changes in the organisms occur, the diagnostic assays for these organisms can be reviewed to assure they still provide detection. Using the resequencing microarray (RPM) for detection in locations such as the Africa can support indigenous monitoring as it provides sequence information. An ongoing collaboration with Njala University aims to establish a broad-spectrum pathogen surveillance capability in the Republic of Sierra Leone, West Africa using RPM technology combined with a Geographic Information System. This has the potential to improve the public health efforts in an infected area as well as provide monitoring of the changes occurring to a biothreat organism, i.e. Lassa viruses, in its natural location. C1 [Malanoski, Anthony P.; Leski, Tomasz A.; Wang, Zheng; Stenger, David A.; Lin, Baochuan] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malanoski, AP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7572-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7306 AR 73060C DI 10.1117/12.819901 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BVR68 UT WOS:000292555700007 ER PT S AU Lane, PA Melinger, JS Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ AF Lane, Paul A. Melinger, Joseph S. Esenturk, Okan Heilweil, Edwin J. BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Carrier dynamics of composite and nanolayered films of zinc phthalocyanine and C-60 measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics X CY AUG 03-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Organic photovoltaic; Buckminsterfullerene; Phthalocyanine; THz Spectroscopy AB We present a study of charge transfer and carrier dynamics in films of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and buckmisnsterfullerene (C-60) investigated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). These films are model structures for charge generation layers in organic photovoltaics and their intrinsic properties are therefore of interest. We compare two classes of films: composite films of ZnPc and C-60 prepared by co-evaporation and layered ZnPc/C-60 films prepared by alternating deposition. We find evidence for a short-lived charge transfer state of C-60 that decays within several picoseconds of excitation. In contrast, both composite and multi-layered films have a long-lived THz absorption that depends on the composition and structure of the fims. The optimum composition for charge transfer within composite films is a 1:1 blend of ZnPc and C-60. Amongst the layered films, there is an increase in charge photogeneration with decreasing layer thickness with a sample having ultrathin (2 nm) exhibiting the strongest THz absorption. A much stronger THz absorption signal was obtained from the layered structure than for the best composite film, even both structures contain similar fractions of ZnPc and C-60. C1 [Lane, Paul A.; Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Esenturk, Okan; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7706-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7416 AR UNSP 74161Z DI 10.1117/12.845719 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BBO03 UT WOS:000307649100025 ER PT J AU Dillner, DK AF Dillner, Debra K. TI Syntheses of C-1 Axial Derivatives of L-Menthol SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID STEREOCHEMISTRY C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dillner, DK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ddillner@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1080/00304940902802008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 587ML UT WOS:000276996500003 ER PT B AU Wang, YM AF Wang, Y. -M. BE Thompson, MJ Balogh, A Culhane, JL Nordlund, A Solanki, SK Zahn, JP TI Coronal Holes and Open Magnetic Flux SO ORIGIN AND DYNAMICS OF SOLAR MAGNETISM SE Space Science Series of ISSI LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Coronal holes; Open magnetic flux; Solar wind; Photospheric flux transport; Coronal flux-tube expansion; Rigid rotation; Magnetic reconnection ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; X-RAY JETS; ACTIVE-REGION; FIELD; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; SUN; INTERPLANETARY; MAXIMUM AB Coronal holes are low-density regions of the corona which appear dark in X-rays and which contain "open" magnetic flux, along which plasma escapes into the heliosphere. Like the rest of the Sun's large-scale field, the open flux originates in active regions but is subsequently redistributed over the solar surface by transport processes, eventually forming the polar coronal holes. The total open flux and radial interplanetary field component vary roughly as the Sun's total dipole strength, which tends to peak a few years after sunspot maximum. An inverse correlation exists between the rate of flux-tube expansion ill coronal holes and the solar wind speed at 1 AU. In the rapidly diverging fields present at the polar hole boundaries and near active regions, the bulk of the heating occurs at low heights, leading to an increase in the Mass flux density at the Sun and a decrease in the asymptotic wind speed. The quasi-rigid rotation of coronal holes is maintained by continual footpoint exchanges between open and closed field lines, with the reconnection taking place at the streamer cusps. At much lower heights within the hole interiors, "interchange reconnection" between small bipoles and the overlying open flux also gives rise to coronal jets and polar plumes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0238-2 J9 SPACE SCI SER ISSI PY 2009 VL 32 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0239-9_19 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0239-9 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKH57 UT WOS:000268118700019 ER PT S AU Taitt, CR North, SH Kulagina, NV AF Taitt, Chris R. North, Stella H. Kulagina, Nadezhda V. BE Cretich, M Chiari, M TI Antimicrobial Peptide Arrays for Detection of Inactivated Biothreat Agents SO PEPTIDE MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biothreat; detection; array; antimicrobial peptide ID RECOGNITION MOLECULES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHOLERA-TOXIN; BIOSENSOR; BINDING; IMMUNOSENSOR; MEMBRANE AB Arrays of immobilized antimicrobial peptides arc used to detect bacterial, viral, and rickettsial pathogens, including inactivated biothreat agents. These arrays differ from the many combinatorial peptide arrays described in the literature in that the peptides used here have naturally evolved to interact with and disrupt microbial membranes with high affinity but broad specificity. The interaction of these naturally occurring peptides with membranes of pathogens has been harnessed for the purpose of detection, with immobilized antimicrobial peptides acting as "capture" molecules in detection assays. Methods arc presented for immobilizing the antimicrobial peptides in planar arrays, performing direct and sandwich assays, and detecting bound targets. C1 [Taitt, Chris R.; North, Stella H.; Kulagina, Nadezhda V.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB00680] NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60327-393-0 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2009 VL 570 BP 233 EP 255 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-394-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-394-7 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BMR77 UT WOS:000273425300011 PM 19649597 ER PT J AU Jungkunz, P Darken, CJ AF Jungkunz, P. Darken, C. J. TI Assessing the interaction of bottom-up and top-down factors on the eye-movements in visual search for a human target SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jungkunz, P.; Darken, C. J.] USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjungkun@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2009 VL 38 SU S BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V16YN UT WOS:000207905000144 ER PT B AU Price, GL AF Price, Geoffrey L. BE Sastry, NSN Rao, TSSRK Delampady, M Rajeev, B TI On the Classification of Binary Shifts on the Hyperfinite II(1) Factor SO PERSPECTIVES IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES II: PURE MATHEMATICS SE Statistical Science and Interdisciplinary Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Perspectives in Mathematical Sciences CY FEB 04-08, 2008 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP Indian Stat Inst ID DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS; TYPE-II1 FACTORS; COMMUTANT INDEX; ENTROPY; CONJUGACY AB We provide a complete classification Lip to conjugacy of the binary shifts of finite commutant index on the hyperfinite II(1) factor. There is a natural correspondence between the conjugacy classes of these shifts and polynomials over GF(2) satisfying a certain duality condition. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Price, GL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM glp@usna.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4273-64-0 J9 STAT SCI INT RES PY 2009 VL 8 BP 111 EP 136 PG 26 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BMZ38 UT WOS:000273976100007 ER PT S AU Lazem, S Abdel-Hamid, A Gracanin, D Adams, KP AF Lazem, Shaimaa Abdel-Hamid, Ayman Gracanin, Denis Adams, Kevin P. BE Hassanien, AE Abawajy, JH Abraham, A Hagras, H TI Mobile Virtual Environments in Pervasive Computing SO PERVASIVE COMPUTING: INNOVATIONS IN INTELLIGENT MULTIMEDIA AND APPLICATIONS SE Computer Communications and Networks Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mobile Virtual Environments; Game theory; Adaptive resource allocation; Decision-making ID REALITY AB Recently, human computer interaction has shifted from traditional desktop computing to the pervasive computing paradigm where users are engaged with everywhere and anytime computing devices. Mobile virtual environments (MVEs) are an emerging research area that studies the deployment of virtual reality applications on mobile devices. MVEs present additional challenges to application developers due to the restricted resources of the mobile devices, in addition to issues that are specific to wireless computing, such as limited bandwidth, high error rate and handoff intervals. Moreover, adaptive resource allocation is a key issue in MVEs where user interactions affect system resources, which, in turn, affects the user's experience. Such interplay between the user and the system can be modelled using game theory. This chapter presents MVEs as a real-time interactive distributed system, and investigates the challenges in designing and developing a remote rendering prefetching application for mobile devices. Furthermore, we introduce game theory as a toot for modelling decision-making in MVEs by describing a game between the remote rendering server and the mobile client. C1 [Lazem, Shaimaa; Gracanin, Denis] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Adams, Kevin P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22407 USA. RP Lazem, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM shlazem@vt.edu; hamid@aast.edu; gracanin@vt.edu; Kevin.P.Adams@navy.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7975 BN 978-1-84882-598-7 J9 COMPUT COMMUN NETW S PY 2009 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-599-4_7 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BLT76 UT WOS:000270992400007 ER PT S AU Wood, WH AF Wood, William H. BE Meijers, A TI COMPUTATIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF FUNCTION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN SO PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, VOL 9 SE Handbook of the Philosophy of Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANICAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN; KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wood, WH (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bwood@usna.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-9846 BN 978-0-08-093074-9 J9 HBK PHILOS SCI PY 2009 VL 9 BP 543 EP 564 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-51667-1.50024-0 PG 22 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BEL53 UT WOS:000317223100022 ER PT J AU Eberle, CJ AF Eberle, Christopher J. TI Basic human worth and religious restraint SO PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL CRITICISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Pacific Division of the American-Philosophical-Association CY APR, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Philosoph Assoc DE just war theory; pacifism; religion; religion and politics; respect for persons AB The Doctrine of Religious Restraint is the claim that citizens and officials in a liberal democracy should not support coercive laws that they know to require a religious rationale. The most prominent argument for the Doctine of Religious Restraint appeals to the claim that we ought to treat each person as having basic worth: citizens and officials ought to obey the Doctrine of Religious Restraint because doing so is required in order for them to respect their compatriots as persons who have equal moral standing. But this argument is not persuasive: citizens and officials who support coercive laws that they know require some religious justification need not thereby disrespect their compatriots. The article focuses throughout on the figure of an 'Agapic Pacifist' who has sectarian religious reasons to oppose government's use of lethal military force. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Eberle, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0191-4537 EI 1461-734X J9 PHILOS SOC CRIT JI Philos. Soc. Crit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 151 EP 181 DI 10.1177/0191453708098759 PG 31 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 405DG UT WOS:000263202200008 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Freitas, JA Eddy, CR Kub, F Ahn, J Kim, HY Kim, J AF Mastro, M. A. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Kub, F. Ahn, J. Kim, H. -Y. Kim, J. TI Luminescence characteristics of zinc oxide nanocrystals deposited on glass via a solution method SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ZnO; Nanocrystal; Luminescence ID ZNO NANOWIRE ARRAYS; LASERS AB A simple solution growth process was employed to deposit ZnO nanowires on glass slides. The batch process was scaled from one to multiple glass slides with no apparent scaling limit observed. Strong green emission, distinctive of the ZnO surface luminescence, Was measured and Visualized in individual nanowires. This technique can be used to grow high-quality ZnO nanowires on any substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahn, J.; Kim, H. -Y.; Kim, J.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Mastro, M. A.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Kub, F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Anamdong 5 Ga, Seoul, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 FU Office of Naval Research; ONR-Global [N00014-07-1-4035]; Brain Korea 21 program. FX Research at the Naval Research Lab is partially supported by Office of Naval Research and ONR-Global (Grant number N00014-07-1-4035); support for JK was partially provided by Brain Korea 21 program. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2008.09.007 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 402LR UT WOS:000263015700031 ER PT S AU Greilich, A Spatzek, S Efros, AL Yugova, IA Yakovlev, DR Reuter, D Wieck, AD Bayer, M AF Greilich, A. Spatzek, S. Efros, Al. L. Yugova, I. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Bayer, M. BE Stutzmann, M Stolz, H TI A way to a single frequency precession of an inhomogeneous ensemble of electron spins in InGaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 6, NO 2 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors CY MAY 26-29, 2008 CL Klink, GERMANY AB We show a possible way to the realization of a robust macroscopical quantum bit on the basis of an inhomogeneous ensemble of electron spins. In our case, electrons are confined in a self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots which are excited by a periodical laser pulses. The precession of electron spins in a transverse magnetic field is monitored by the time-resolved Faraday rotation technique. Due to mode-locking effect and a focusing of the electron spins precession on a discrete number of modes by the nuclei it should be possible to drive all the electron spins into a single precession mode. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Greilich, A.; Spatzek, S.; Efros, Al. L.; Yugova, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Efros, Al. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Appl Solid State Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Greilich, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM alex.greilich@tu-dortmund.de RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 FU Naval Research and Alexander-vonHumbold Foundation; BMBF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the BMBF project nanoquit and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Forschergruppe Quantum Optics in Semiconductor Nanostructures). A.L.E acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research and Alexander-vonHumbold Foundation. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 428 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200880362 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BJD25 UT WOS:000264882800012 ER PT S AU Gole, JL Corno, J Ozdemir, S Prokes, S Shin, HC AF Gole, James L. Corno, James Ozdemir, Serdar Prokes, Sharka Shin, Heon-Cheol BE Nassiopoulou, A Sailor, M Canham, L Schmuki, P TI Active microfiltered sensor interfaces, photocatalytic reactors, and microbatteries using combined micro/nanoporous interfaces SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 6, NO 7 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Porous Semiconductors Science and Technology CY MAR 10-14, 2008 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Minist Educ & Sci, Autonomous Valencian Community, Tech Univ Valencia, Vesta Res, Vesta Ceram ID POROUS-SILICON; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Select active micro/nanoporous porous silicon (PS) interfaces have been formed and treated to form the scaffolding for sensors, photocatalysis-based microreactors, and PS-based lithium ion batteries. The introduction of active nanostructures is used to form sensitive and selective sensors. The introduction of TiO2-xNx visible light absorbing nanophotocatalysts to the PS structure for the purpose of creating a microreactor, the concomitant metal ion seeding of these nanostructures to promote infrared spectral enhancement, introduce rapid room temperature phase transformation, and provide the potential for a novel active photovoltaic response are outlined. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Gole, James L.; Corno, James; Ozdemir, Serdar] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gole, James L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Prokes, Sharka] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shin, Heon-Cheol] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM james.gole@physics.gatech.edu FU National Science Foundation [CTS-0608896] FX s Partial support for this work by the National Science Foundation (CTS-0608896) through the NIRT program. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1773 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200881009 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BPO04 UT WOS:000279496300054 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Quantum dot-based resonance energy transfer and its growing application in biology SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; TRANSFER FRET; IN-VIVO; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; PEPTIDE INTERACTION; PROBES; CDSE AB We provide an overview of the progress made in the past few years in investigating fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and the application of QD-based FRET to probe specific biological processes. We start by providing some of the pertinent conceptual elements involved in resonance energy transfer, and then discuss why the Forster dipole-dipole mechanism applies to QD fluorophores. We then describe the unique QD photophysical properties of direct relevance to FRET and summarize the main advantages offered, along with some of the limitations encountered by QDs as exciton donors and/or acceptors. Next we describe the overall progress made and discuss a few representative examples where QD-based FRET sensing of specific biological processes has been demonstrated. We also detail some of the advances of single molecule FRET using QD-conjugates and highlight the unique information that can be extracted. We conclude by providing an assessment of where QD-based FRET investigations may be evolving in the near future. C1 [Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL; CB Directorate/Physical ST Division; DTRA FX The authors acknowledge NRL, and the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division, DTRA for support. NR 112 TC 364 Z9 364 U1 17 U2 182 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 17 EP 45 DI 10.1039/b813919a PG 29 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 406EX UT WOS:000263278900002 ER PT J AU Du, SW Oh, E AF Du, Shengwang Oh, Eun TI Three-wire magnetic trap for direct forced evaporative cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; rubidium ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; CHIP; MICROTRAPS; SURFACES; WIRES AB We propose a simple three-wire-based magnetic trap potential for direct forced evaporative cooling of neutral atoms without using induced spin-flip technologies. We have devised a method for controlling the trap depth without sacrificing its frequencies by only varying wire currents and external magnetic fields. By having multiples of these wires on different levels integrated into an atom chip, it is possible to attain Bose-Einstein condensation without the conventional forced evaporation technique. C1 [Du, Shengwang] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Oh, Eun] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Du, SW (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM dusw@ust.hk RI Du, Shengwang/B-4475-2011; OI Du, Shengwang/0000-0002-7174-4571 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.013407 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000111 ER PT J AU Kim, D Sheng, WD Poole, PJ Dalacu, D Lefebvre, J Lapointe, J Reimer, ME Aers, GC Williams, RL AF Kim, Danny Sheng, Weidong Poole, Philip J. Dalacu, Dan Lefebvre, Jacques Lapointe, Jean Reimer, Michael E. Aers, Geoff C. Williams, Robin L. TI Tuning the exciton g factor in single InAs/InP quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE angular momentum; excitons; g-factor; ground states; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; photoluminescence; semiconductor quantum dots; tight-binding calculations; valence bands ID ELECTRON-SPIN; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH AB Photoluminescence data from single self-assembled InAs/InP quantum dots in magnetic fields up to 7 T are presented. Exciton g factors are obtained for dots of varying height, corresponding to ground-state emission energies ranging from 780 to 1100 meV. A monotonic increase in the g factor from -2 to +1.2 is observed as the dot height decreases. The trend is well reproduced by sp(3) tight-binding calculations, which show that the hole g factor is sensitive to confinement effects through orbital angular-momentum mixing between the light-hole and heavy-hole valence bands. We demonstrate tunability of the exciton g factor by manipulating the quantum dot dimensions using pyramidal InP nanotemplates. C1 [Kim, Danny; Sheng, Weidong; Poole, Philip J.; Dalacu, Dan; Lefebvre, Jacques; Lapointe, Jean; Reimer, Michael E.; Aers, Geoff C.; Williams, Robin L.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. [Kim, Danny; Williams, Robin L.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada. RP Kim, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kim, Danny/A-7066-2009; Sheng, Weidong/D-2523-2010; Reimer, Michael/C-4623-2011 OI Kim, Danny/0000-0001-7396-3826; FU Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovation; NSFC; MOST of China; STCSM FX D. K. and R. L. W. would like to thank the Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovation for financial support. W. S. would like to thank the NSFC, the 973 projects of MOST of China, and the STCSM for financial support. The authors would like to thank Pawel Hawrylak for useful discussions. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 AR 045310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.045310 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401YB UT WOS:000262978400070 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Stinaff, EA Bracker, AS Gammon, D Efros, AL Korenev, VL Merkulov, I AF Shabaev, Andrew Stinaff, Eric A. Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Daniel Efros, Alexander L. Korenev, Vladimir L. Merkulov, Igor TI Optical pumping and negative luminescence polarization in charged GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE electron-hole recombination; excitons; gallium arsenide; Hanle effect; III-V semiconductors; light polarisation; optical pumping; photoluminescence; semiconductor quantum dots; semiconductor quantum wells ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; EXCITONS; WELLS; ORIENTATION; DYNAMICS; TRION; STATE AB Optical pumping of electron spins and negative photoluminescence polarization are observed when interface quantum dots in a GaAs quantum well are excited nonresonantly by circularly polarized light. Both observations can be explained by the formation of long-lived dark excitons through hole spin relaxation in the GaAs quantum well prior to exciton capture. In this model, optical pumping of resident electron spins is caused by capture of dark excitons and recombination in charged quantum dots. Negative polarization results from accumulation of dark excitons in the quantum well and is enhanced by optical pumping. The dark exciton model describes the experimental results very well, including intensity and bias dependence of the photoluminescence polarization and the Hanle effect. C1 [Korenev, Vladimir L.; Merkulov, Igor] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Shabaev, Andrew; Stinaff, Eric A.; Bracker, Allan S.; Gammon, Daniel; Efros, Alexander L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 FU ONR; NSA/ARO; RFBR; NSF [PHY99-07949] FX This research was supported by ONR, NSA/ARO, RFBR, and NSF under Grant No. PHY99-07949. A. L. E. would like to express appreciation for the hospitality of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 035322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.035322 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401YA UT WOS:000262978200090 ER PT J AU Cordoyiannis, G Kurihara, LK Martinez-Miranda, LJ Glorieux, C Thoen, J AF Cordoyiannis, George Kurihara, Lynn K. Martinez-Miranda, Luz J. Glorieux, Christ Thoen, Jan TI Effects of magnetic nanoparticles with different surface coating on the phase transitions of octylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article DE coatings; critical exponents; liquid crystal phase transformations; magnetic particles; nanoparticles; nematic liquid crystals; organic compounds; smectic liquid crystals ID AEROSIL PARTICLES; HEAT-CAPACITY; X-RAY; BEHAVIOR; FERROSMECTICS; FERRONEMATICS; CONFINEMENT; FERROFLUIDS; SCATTERING; 8CB AB The impact of magnetic nanoparticles with different surface coating upon the isotropic-to-nematic and nematic-to-smectic-A phase transitions of the liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl is explored by means of high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetry. A shrinkage of the nematic range is observed, which is strongly dependent on the surface coating of the nanoparticles. The isotropic-to-nematic transition remains weakly first order while the nematic-to-smectic-A is continuous with the effective critical exponent alpha values (0.35 and 0.39, depending on the coating) between the pure octylcyanobiphenyl value of 0.31 +/- 0.03 and the theoretical tricritical value of 0.5. C1 [Cordoyiannis, George; Glorieux, Christ; Thoen, Jan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Natuurkunde Sterrenkunde, Lab Akoestiek Therm Fys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Kurihara, Lynn K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martinez-Miranda, Luz J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cordoyiannis, G (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Natuurkunde Sterrenkunde, Lab Akoestiek Therm Fys, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM jan.thoen@fys.kuleuven.be FU Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) [G.0230.07]; [OT/07/035] FX This research was financially supported by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO, Project No. G.0230.07). G. C. acknowledges the support of FWO and of Research Fund of K. U. Leuven (Project No. OT/07/035). NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 011702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011702 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 401XP UT WOS:000262976600060 PM 19257047 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Kim, CS Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Lindle, J. R. Meyer, J. R. BA Arakawa, Y BF Arakawa, Y BE Osinski, M Witzigmann, B Henneberger, F TI Auger Recombination, Internal Loss, and Other Processes in Interband Cascade Lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XVII CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Auger recombination; internal loss; interband cascade laser; mid-infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; NARROW-RIDGE; HIGH-POWER; TEMPERATURE; SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Lifetimes, Auger coefficients, and internal losses were deduced for 25 different type-II "W" interband cascade laser structures, from correlations of the experimental threshold current densities and slope efficiencies with calculated threshold carrier densities and optical gains. The room-temperature Auger coefficients for a number of low-threshold devices emitting at wavelengths from 2.9 mu m to 5.2 mu m fall in the narrow range 3-11 x 10(-28) cm(6)/s, which represents a much stronger suppression of Auger decay than was implied by most earlier experiments and theoretical projections. The estimated internal loss is lowest at intermediate wavelengths, and the most recent designs display additional reduction to as little as 8 cm(-1) at 300 K. C1 [Vurgaftman, I.; Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Lindle, J. R.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7457-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7211 AR 721111 DI 10.1117/12.816951 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BST65 UT WOS:000285749000026 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Houston, BH AF Martin, Michael James Houston, Brian H. TI Free-molecular heat transfer of vibrating cantilever and bridges SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL RESONATOR; FLOW; PRESSURE; SENSORS; DEVICES; LIMIT; MEMS AB Vibrating cantilever and bridge structures for micro- and nanodevices are characterized by high frequencies and length scales below the continuum limit. Free-molecular heat transfer equations are used to estimate the heat transfer from structures vibrating at high frequencies. The heat transfer is computed for a cantilever cross section as a function of a frequency and amplitude of vibration. These results are then integrated across the mode shape of cantilever and bridge structures to give a net heat transfer for the system. In micro- and nanodevices, the effect of frequency on the heat transfer is strongest for devices operating at cryogenic temperatures and extremely high frequencies. In mesoscale devices, the effect of frequency can be seen for devices with amplitudes on the order of microns and frequencies in the kilohertz region. [DOI:10.1063/1.3055285] C1 [Martin, Michael James; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martin, Michael James] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 AR 017101 DI 10.1063/1.3055285 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 401UU UT WOS:000262968700037 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, Michael P. Flack, Karen A. TI Turbulent boundary layers on a systematically varied rough wall SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PRESSURE-GRADIENT; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; FLOW; RESISTANCE; SMOOTH; PIPE AB Results of an experimental investigation of the flow over a model roughness are presented. The series of roughness consists of close-packed pyramids in which both the height and the slope were systematically varied. The aim of this work was to document the mean flow and subsequently gain insight into the physical roughness scales which contribute to drag. The mean velocity profiles for all nine rough surfaces collapse with smooth-wall results when presented in velocity-defect form, supporting the use of similarity methods. The results for the six steepest surfaces indicate that the roughness function Delta U(+) scales almost entirely on the roughness height with little dependence on the slope of the pyramids. However, Delta U(+) for the three surfaces with the smallest slope does not scale satisfactorily on the roughness height, indicating that these surfaces might not be thought of as surface "roughness" in a traditional sense but instead surface "waviness." [DOI: 10.1063/1.3059630] C1 [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Flack, Karen A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-WR-2-0231] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research, Contract No. N00014-05-WR-2-0231, for financial support of this research. Many thanks also go to Mr. Mike Superczynski for machining the test specimens and Mr. Don Bunker of the USNA Hydromechanics Laboratory staff for providing technical support. The authors are also grateful for the many helpful comments of the referees, which significantly strengthened the final manuscript. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 AR 015104 DI 10.1063/1.3059630 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 401UU UT WOS:000262968700027 ER PT S AU Badescu, SC Reinecke, TL AF Badescu, S. C. Reinecke, T. L. BE Caldas, MJ Studart, N TI The role of the electron-hole exchange in the spin mixing of excited-shell excitons in quantum dots SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2008 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL ID FINE-STRUCTURE AB In semiconductor quantum dots, the relaxation of a negatively charged exciton (trion) from its lowest excited states toward recombination is dominated by phonon processes. A few spin-mixing mechanisms have been considered in the past that lead to the phonon decay from different excited spin states. Here we show that a new component of the electron-hole exchange can lead to a large spin mixing between states of different orbital symmetries, which can have important effect on the decoherence of excited trions. C1 [Badescu, S. C.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Badescu, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0736-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1199 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQR10 UT WOS:000281590800201 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Pottier, E AF Lee, Jong-Sen Pottier, Eric BA Lee, JS Pottier, E BF Lee, JS Pottier, E TI Overview of Polarimetric Radar Imaging SO POLARIMETRIC RADAR IMAGING: FROM BASICS TO APPLICATIONS SE Optical Science and Engineering-CRC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAR C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pottier, Eric] Univ Nantes, IRESTE, Elect & Informat Syst Lab, Polarimetry Grp, Nantes, France. [Pottier, Eric] Univ Rennes 1, F-35014 Rennes, France. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. NR 30 TC 678 Z9 679 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-5497-2 J9 OPT SCI ENG-CRC PY 2009 BP 1 EP 30 D2 10.1201/9781420054989 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJV04 UT WOS:000267227600001 ER PT S AU Olsen, RC Eyler, M Puetz, AM Esterline, C AF Olsen, R. Chris Eyler, Michael Puetz, Angela M. Esterline, Chelsea BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Initial results and field applications of a polarization imaging camera SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing IV CY AUG 03-04, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Polarization imaging; image classification; surface characterization AB The SALSA linear Stokes polarization camera from Bossa Nova Technologies (520-550 nm) uses an electronically rotated polarization filter to measure four states of polarization nearly simultaneously. Some initial imagery results are presented. Preliminary analysis results indicate that the intensity and degree of linear polarization (DOLP) information can be used for image classification purposes. The DOLP images also show that the camera has a good ability to distinguish asphalt patches of different ages. These positive results and the relative simplicity of the camera system show the camera's potential for field applications. C1 [Olsen, R. Chris; Eyler, Michael; Puetz, Angela M.; Esterline, Chelsea] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Olsen, RC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM olsen@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7751-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7461 AR 74610F DI 10.1117/12.825405 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCJ99 UT WOS:000310357000013 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Cash, JJ Yandek, GR AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Cash, Jessica J. Yandek, Gregory R. BE Celina, MC Wiggins, JS Billingham, NC TI New Cyanate Ester and Poly(p-phenylene) Resins with Low-Moisture Absorption and Improved Thermal Stability SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND PERFORMANCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Performance Degradation and Materials Selection held at the ACS Spring Meeting CY MAR, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc AB New cyanate ester and poly-p-phenylene (P3) resin materials that exhibit significantly reduced moisture absorption while maintaining thermal stability have been developed and their key properties investigated. The replacement of a single carbon atom by a silicon atom in the repeat unit chemical structure of the di(cyanate ester) of Bisphenol A (BADCy) resulted in a new silicon-containing resin (SiMCy) with a 50% reduction in water uptake and higher char yields in air after curing. Thermosetting Navy P3 resins were found to exhibit moisture uptake similar to poly-p-phenylene thermoplastics, a level which is about 85% lower than thermosetting polyimides. Like their thermoplastic counterparts, the Navy P3 resins exhibit outstanding resistance to high temperature degradation. Unlike their thermoplastic counterparts, these resins form low viscosity melts that are easily formed into carbon fiber reinforced composites. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Petteys, Brian J.; Cash, Jessica J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6978-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1004 BP 198 EP 208 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BQE85 UT WOS:000280805100017 ER PT B AU Gibbons, DE AF Gibbons, Deborah E. BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT LEARNING AND ADAPTATION SO PREDATOR'S GAME-CHANGING DESIGNS: RESEARCH-BASED TOOLS SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION OVERLOAD; ORGANIZATION; COMMUNICATION AB As organizations' environments become more complex and dynamic, rapid responses that are increasingly needed can become decreasingly manageable by formal leaders alone. Many businesses, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies manage everyday activities through long-standing structures and policies that are not conducive to learning and adaptation. Even in organizations that regularly review and update their formal designs, prescribed structures cannot equal the adaptive and responsive capabilities of informal ties among organization members and between members and external entities. The informal networks change and grow as information and opportunities present themselves, creating fluid and adaptive conduits for subsequent diffusion of ideas and coordination of action. In this chapter; I describe research-based strategies to help emergent leaders develop effective informal networks that benefit participating individuals and the organizations that they support. C1 [Gibbons, Deborah E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Gibbons, Deborah E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gibbons, Deborah E.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-60752-150-1 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2009 BP 19 EP 42 PG 24 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BLI21 UT WOS:000270228800002 ER PT J AU Holcomb, J McManus, J Kerr, ST Pusateri, A AF Holcomb, John B. McManus, John G. Kerr, S. T. Pusateri, Anthony E. TI Needle versus Tube Thoracostomy in a Swine Model of Traumatic Tension Hemopneumothorax SO Prehospital Emergency Care LA English DT Article DE tension pneumothorax; tube thoracostomy; needle thoracostomyn ID INSUFFICIENT CANNULA LENGTH; CHEST-WALL THICKNESS; POTENTIAL FAILURE; PNEUMOTHORAX; THORACENTESIS AB Objective. Traumatic tension hemopneumothorax is fatal if not treated rapidly. However, whether prehospital decompression is better achieved by chest tube or needle thoracostomy is unknown. We conducted this study to compare the immediate results and prolonged effectiveness of two methods of treatment for traumatic tension hemopneumothorax in a swine model. Methods. Ten percent of calculated total blood volume was instilled into the hemithorax of spontaneously ventilating swine (n = 5 per group, 40 3 kg). A Veres needle and insufflator were used to induce tension hemopneumothorax. Animals were randomized to one of four groups: 1) needle thoracostomy with 14-gauge intravenous catheter; 2) needle thoracostomy with Cook catheter; 3) 32-F chest tube thoracostomy; or 4) no intervention (control). Serial chest x-rays were obtained to document mediastinal shift before and after treatment. Arterial blood gas values and physiologic data were recorded. Postoperatively, thoracoscopy was performed to detect possible pulmonary injury from the procedure and/or catheter kinking or clotting. Results. Positive intrapleural pressure was rapidly relieved in all treated animals. Four-hour survival was 100% in the 14-gauge needle and chest tube thoracostomy groups, 60% in the Cook catheter group, and 0% in the control animals (p 0.05). There were no significant differences in survival or physiologic measurements among the treated animals (p 0.05). Conclusions. In this animal model, needle thoracostomy using a 14-gauge or Cook catheter was as successful as chest tube thoracostomy for relieving tension hemopneumothorax. C1 [Holcomb, John B.; McManus, John G.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kerr, S. T.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Pusateri, Anthony E.] Novo Nordisk AS, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Holcomb, J (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM john.holcomb@amedd.army.mil FU United States Marine Corps FX Supported by a Combat Casualty Care grant from the United States Marine Corps. Cook Catheters were provided by the Cook Group Company. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 AR PII 907832556 DI 10.1080/10903120802290760 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394UQ UT WOS:000262476500004 PM 19145520 ER PT S AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Williams, CL Stockdale, CJ Kelley, MT AF Weiler, Kurt W. Panagia, Nino Sramek, Richard A. Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Williams, Christopher L. Stockdale, Christopher J. Kelley, Matthew T. BE Antonelli, LA Limongi, M Menci, N Tornambe, A Brocato, E Raimondo, G TI Radio Emission from Supernovae SO PROBING STELLAR POPULATIONS OUT TO THE DISTANT UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Probing Stellar Populations Out to the Distant Universe CY SEP 07-19, 2008 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Italian Inst Astrophys, Italian Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Italian Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Palermo, Italian Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Teramo, Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, Univ Palermo, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, Cefalu Local Author, Mondralisco Fdn, Assoc Cefalu & Astron DE radio continuum:stars; supernovae ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SN 1993J VLBI; IB SUPERNOVAE; MASS-LOSS; EXPANSION; DECELERATION; SN-1993J AB Study of radio supernovae over the past 27 years includes more than three dozen detected objects and more than 150 upper limits. From this work it is possible to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the presupernova stellar system, and to detect clumpiness of the circumstellar material. Along with reviewing these general properties of the radio emission from supernovae, we present our extensive observations of the radio emission from supernova (SN) 1993J in M 81 (NGC 3031) made with the Very Large Array and other radio telescopes. The SN 1993J radio emission evolves regularly in both time and frequency, and the usual interpretation in terms of shock interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM) formed by a pre-supernova stellar wind describes the observations rather well considering the complexity of the phenomenon. However: 1) The highest frequency measurements at 85 - 110 GHz at early times (< 40 days) are not well fitted by the parameterization which describes the cm wavelength measurements rather well. 2) At mid-cm wavelengths there is often deviation from the fitted radio light curves, particularly near the peak flux density, and considerable shorter term deviations in the declining portion when the emission has become optically thin. 3) At a time similar to 3 100 days after shock breakout, the decline rate of the radio emission steepens from (t(+beta)) beta similar to -0.7 to beta similar to -2.7 without change in the spectral index (v(+alpha); alpha similar to -0.81). However, this decline is best described not as a power-law, but as an exponential decay starting at day similar to 3100 with an e-folding time of similar to 1100 days. 4) The best overall fit to all of the data is a model including both non-thermal synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) and a thermal free-free absorbing (FFA) components at early times, evolving to a constant spectral index, optically thin decline rate, until a break in that decline rate at day similar to 3 100, as mentioned above. Moreover, neither a purely SSA nor a purely FFA absorbing model can provide a fit that simultaneously reproduces the light curves, the spectral index evolution, and the brightness temperature evolution. C1 [Weiler, Kurt W.] USN, Res Lab, Head RIOS Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Head RIOS Branch, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kurt.Weiler@weilerhome.org; panagia@stsci.edu OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0648-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1111 BP 440 EP 447 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJK00 UT WOS:000266597500073 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA Russom, DM Rodman, BE AF Shifler, David A. Russom, Dennis M. Rodman, Bruce E. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE HIGH TEMPERATURE COATINGS TO IMPROVE HOT CORROSION RESISTANCE IN A SHIPBOARD ENVIRONMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB 501-K34 marine gas turbine engines serve as auxiliary power sources for the U.S. Navy's DDG-51 Class. It is desired that 501-K34 marine gas turbine engines have a mean time between removal of 20K hours. While some engines have approached this goal, others have fallen significantly short. A primary reason for this shortfall is hot corrosion (Type I and Type II) damage in the turbine area (more specifically the first row turbine hardware) due to both intrusion of salts from the marine air and from sulfur in the gas turbine combustion fuel. The Navy's technical community recognizes that engine corrosion problems are complex in nature and are often tied to the design of the overall system. For this reason, two working groups were formed. One group focuses on the overall ship system design and operation, including the inlet and fuel systems. The second, the corrosion issues working group, will review the design and performance of the turbine itself and develop sound, practical, economical, and executable changes to engine design that will make it more robust and durable in the shipboard operating environment. Metallographic examination of unfailed blades removed from a marine gas turbine engine with 18000 operating hours showed that the coating thickness under the platform and in the curved area of transition between the platform to the blade stem was either very thin, or in a few cases, non-existent on each unfailed blade Type II hot corrosion was evident at these locations under the platform. It was also observed that this corrosion under the platform led to corrosion fatigue cracking of first stage turbine blades due to poor coating quality (high porosity and variable thickness). Corrosion fatigue cracks initiated at several hot corrosion sites and had advanced through the stems to varying degrees. Cracking in a few blades had advanced to the point that would have led to premature blade failure. Low velocity, atmospheric-pressure burner-rig (LVBR) tests were conducted for 1000 hours to evaluate several alternative high-temperature coatings in both Type I and Type II hot corrosion environments. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) report the results of the hot corrosion performance of alternative high temperature coating systems for under the platform of the 1(st) stage blade of 501-K34 gas turbine engine, (2) compare the performance of these alternative coating systems to the current baseline 1(st) stage blade coating, and (3) down select the best performing coating systems (in terms of their LVBR hot corrosion and thermal cycling resistance) to implement on future 501-K34 First stage blades for the Fleet. C1 [Shifler, David A.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4885-2 PY 2009 BP 941 EP 948 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BON26 UT WOS:000277058700090 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, David A. GP ASME TI FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR SHIP PROPULSION MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SI-B ALLOYS; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; PACK CEMENTATION; HOT CORROSION; MECHANISMS; PREFERENCE; PLATINUM; ELEMENTS AB High temperature applications demand materials that have a variety of properties such as high strength, toughness, creep resistance, fatigue resistance, as well as resistance to degradation by their interaction with the environment. All potential metallic materials are unstable in many high temperatures environments without the presence of a protective coating on the component surface. High temperature alloys derive their resistance to degradation by forming and maintaining a continuous protective oxide surface layer that is slow-growing, very stable, and adherent. In aggressive environments, the superalloy oxidation and corrosion resistance needs to be augmented by coatings. Propulsion materials for Naval shipboard gas turbine engines are subjected to the corrosive environment of the sea to differing degrees. Increasing fuel efficiency and platform capabilities require higher operating temperatures that may lead to new degradation modes of coatings and materials. Fuel contaminants or the lack of contaminants from alternative synthetic fuels may also strongly influence coating and/or materials performance which, in turn, can adversely affect the life in these propulsion or auxiliary gas turbine engines. This paper will dwell on some past results of materials testing and offer some views on future directions into materials research in high temperature materials in aggressive environments that will lead to new advanced propulsion materials for shipboard applications C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4885-2 PY 2009 BP 959 EP 968 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BON26 UT WOS:000277058700092 ER PT B AU Buonamici, GP Boughner, AL AF Buonamici, Gianfranco P. Boughner, Abe L. GP ASME TI GAS TURBINE TESTING DURING US NAVY TRIALS FOR LHD-8 USS MAKIN ISLAND SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The Navy's newest and last WASP class Amphibious Assault Ship, LHD 8 USS MAKIN ISLAND, is undergoing sea testing for the first time November 2008 before an expected delivery to the US Navy in early 2009. Rather than the two steam propulsion plants used by other ships in the WASP class, LHD 8 utilizes a gas turbine/electric drive hybrid propulsion system developing a combined 70,000 horsepower that will drive the 42,800-ton ship to speeds in excess of 20 knots. The paper will discuss the testing used to prepare the LM2500+ installation on LHD 8, the first of its kind in a military application, for entry into service. This will include details on engine light-off and the testing performed both dockside and at-sea. The paper will discuss the results of the at-sea test data as it compares to the initial predictions used to provide the rationale for funding the ship's construction project. C1 [Buonamici, Gianfranco P.; Boughner, Abe L.] USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Buonamici, GP (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4885-2 PY 2009 BP 969 EP 975 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BON26 UT WOS:000277058700093 ER PT B AU Rauf, W Philipp, R AF Rauf, Walter Philipp, Russell GP ASME TI US NAVY EXPERIENCES COKING OF LUBE OIL PURIFIER HEATERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Normally U S Navy ships operate their lubricating oil systems with oil that is clear to light amber in color Recently, many ships have reported the presence of dark oil and, in some cases, burgundy colored oil Laboratory analysis of the affected oil has shown that the lube oil has been stressed due to heat In at least three cases, the flashpoint and the viscosity of the oil were significantly reduced as compared to the samples analyzed from ship's storage tanks In one particular case volatile aromatics were discovered possibly indicating that pyrolysis is taking place In an effort to determine the cause of the heat stress a hand-over-hand tracing of the system was accomplished Subsequently, the lube oil purifier heater was inspected and coking of the heating elements was discovered Approximately 65% of the ships inspected have reported fouling of the heating elements ranging from a tar-like substance to severe coking A land-based lube oil purifier heater was configured to operate in the same manner as a shipboard unit This unit was instrumented to collect oil and sheath temperature data to aid in determining the temperature within the heater that may cause the lubricating oil to form coke In addition, laboratory testing is also being conducted to determine the oil's tendency to coke and at what temperatures the pyrolysis will begin to take place The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ongoing investigation, results of data collected, the laboratory testing and engineering solutions to minimize or eliminate tube oil coking C1 [Rauf, Walter; Philipp, Russell] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Rauf, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4885-2 PY 2009 BP 977 EP 989 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BON26 UT WOS:000277058700094 ER PT B AU Vick, MJ Heyes, A Pullen, K AF Vick, Michael J. Heyes, Andrew Pullen, Keith GP ASME TI DESIGN OVERVIEW OF A THREE-KILOWATT RECUPERATED CERAMIC TURBOSHAFT ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID WATER-VAPOR; MICROTURBINES AB A three-kilowatt turboshaft engine with a ceramic recuperator and turbine has been designed for small unmanned air vehicle (UAV) propulsion and portable power generation. Compared with internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines offer superior reliability, engine life, noise and vibration characteristics, and compatibility with military fuels. However, the efficiency of miniature gas turbines must be improved substantially, without severely compromising weight and cost, if they are to compete effectively with small IC engines for long-endurance UAV propulsion. This paper presents a design overview and supporting analytical results for an engine that could meet this goal. The system architecture was chosen to accommodate the limitations of mature, cost-effective ceramic materials: silicon nitride for the turbine rotors, and toughened mullite for the heat exchanger and turbine stators. An engine with a cycle pressure ratio below 2:1, a multistage turbine, and a highly effective recuperator is shown to have numerous advantages in this context. A key benefit is a very low water-vapor-induced surface recession rate for silicon nitride, due to an extremely low partial pressure of water in the combustion products. Others include reduced sensitivity to internal flaws, creep, and foreign object damage; an output shaft speed low enough for grease-lubricated bearings; and the potential viability of a novel premixed heat-recirculating combustor. C1 [Vick, Michael J.] USN, Res Lab, Vehicle Res Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vick, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vehicle Res Sect, Code 5712, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.vick@nrl.navy.mil; a.heyes@imperial.ac.uk; k.pullen@city.ac.uk NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4886-9 PY 2009 BP 297 EP 310 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BON28 UT WOS:000277059700031 ER PT B AU Volino, RJ Kartuzova, O Ibrahim, MB AF Volino, Ralph J. Kartuzova, Olga Ibrahim, Mounir B. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE SEPARATION CONTROL USING VORTEX GENERATOR JETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID PASSIVE FLOW-CONTROL; AIRFOIL CONDITIONS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; BLADE AB Boundary layer separation control has been studied using vortex generator jets (VGJs) on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under low freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) of 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000. Jet pulsing frequency, duty cycle, and blowing ratio were all varied. In all cases without flow control, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach. With the VGJs, separation control was possible even at the lowest Reynolds number. Pulsed VGJs were more effective than steady jets. At sufficiently high pulsing frequencies, separation control was possible even with low jet velocities and low duty cycles. At lower frequencies, higher jet velocity was required, particularly at low Reynolds numbers. Effective separation control resulted in an increase in lift of up to 20% and a reduction in total pressure losses of up to 70%. Simulations of the flow using an unsteady RANS code with the four equation Transition-sst model produced good agreement with experiments in cases without flow control, correctly predicting separation, transition and reattachment. In cases with VGJs, however, the CFD did not predict the reattachment observed in the experiments. C1 [Volino, Ralph J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu; m.ibrahim@csuohio.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4888-3 PY 2009 BP 1105 EP 1117 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BON44 UT WOS:000277073700100 ER PT B AU Sullivan, MA Loomis, HH Ross, AA AF Sullivan, Margaret A. Loomis, Herschel H. Ross, Alan A. GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Employment of Reduced Precision Redundancy for Fault Tolerant FPGA Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 17TH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 05-07, 2009 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCCA AB This research explores the employment of Reduced Precision Redundancy (RPR) as a power-saving alternative to traditional Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). This paper focuses on the details of RPR implementation and the of effect of RPR fault tolerance on the performance of spacecraft systems. RPR-protected system performance is evaluated using a signal-to-noise ratio analogy developed with MATLAB and Simulink computational tools. This research demonstrates that RPR is an effective fault tolerance approach for arithmetic operations Experimental results show that the benefit of RPR increases with the complexity of the operation to which it is applied system performance simulations demonstrate that RPR provides very good recovery from errors caused by SEE in spacecraft systems. C1 [Sullivan, Margaret A.; Loomis, Herschel H.; Ross, Alan A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sullivan, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM margaret.sullivan@buckley.af.mil; loomis@nps.edu; aross@nps.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3716-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2009 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1109/FCCM.2009.53 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BNN98 UT WOS:000275103200042 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Khashnobish, A AF Kang, Myong H. Khashnobish, Amitabh GP IEEE Computer Society TI A Peer-to-Peer Federated Authentication System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: NEW GENERATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG 2009) CY APR 27-29, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc DE Security; Identity management AB A Federated identity management system extends identity information across multiple security domains. It is an enabler for sharing information and services among organizations while respecting the authorization decisions of each organization. Federation can be realized in two ways: 1) Conventional federation that is based on a multilateral agreement among participants and 2) Peer-to-peer (P2P) federation that is based on bilateral agreements. In this paper, we introduce a P2P federated authentication system based on the OASIS security assertion markup language (SAML) version 2.0 standard. The P2P federation model is simpler and more flexible than the conventional federation model even though managing peer relationships becomes a burden if the number of peers gets unmanageably large. The conventional federation model and P2P federation model are not mutually exclusive. The two models can co-exist and interoperate. C1 [Kang, Myong H.; Khashnobish, Amitabh] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM myong.kang@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3770-2 PY 2009 BP 382 EP 387 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLQ66 UT WOS:000270815100067 ER PT B AU Ngo, HT Asari, VK AF Ngo, Hau T. Asari, Vijayan K. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Design of a Logarithmic Domain 2-D Convolver for Low Power Video Processing Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: NEW GENERATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG 2009) CY APR 27-29, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper, a design and implementation of an efficient, low power log-based 2-D convolution unit (convolver) for video processing applications is proposed. The design of the proposed convolver utilizes approximation method with error correction technique to transform data to logarithmic domain for reduced power consumption. A novel design and implementation of a modular approach for leading bit detection module that is used to compute the binary logarithm is presented A partitioning and gating technique is also presented to reduce the switching activities based on detection of insignificant data bits. It is observed that the proposed logarithmic-domain multiplier reduces power consumption in two common image filtering operations by more than 50% compared to conventional linear-domain 2D convolvers. C1 [Ngo, Hau T.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Asari, Vijayan K.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Ngo, HT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3770-2 PY 2009 BP 1280 EP + DI 10.1109/ITNG.2009.287 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLQ66 UT WOS:000270815100221 ER PT S AU Sanchez, SM Wan, H AF Sanchez, Susan M. Wan, Hong GP IEEE TI BETTER THAN A PETAFLOP: THE POWER OF EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB Recent advances in high-performance computing have pushed computational capabilities to a petaflop (a thousand trillion operations per second) in a single computing cluster. This breakthrough has been hailed as a way to fundamentally change science and engineering by letting people perform experiments that were previously beyond reach. But for those interested in exploring the I/O behavior of their simulation model, efficient experimental design has a much higher payoff at a much lower cost. A well-designed experiment allows the analyst to examine many more factors than would otherwise be possible, while providing insights that cannot be gleaned from trial-and-error approaches or by sampling factors one at a time. We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. Ideally, this tutorial will entice you to use experimental designs in your upcoming simulation studies. C1 [Sanchez, Susan M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu; hwan@purdue.edu FU U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Monterey (TRAC-MTRY); Department of Defense's Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office (MSCO); Netcentric Systems Test Science & Technology focus area (NST ST) FX This tutorial is an updated version of Sanchez and Wan (2009). This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center Monterey (TRAC-MTRY), the Department of Defenses Modeling & Simulation Coordination Office (M&SCO), and the Netcentric Systems Test Science & Technology focus area (NST S&T). Portions of this tutorial appeared earlier in Sanchez (2008a, 2008b). Thanks to David Kelton and Paul Sanchez for helpful comments. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 60 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2009.5429316 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492500007 ER PT S AU Paulo, EP Few, S AF Paulo, Eugene P. Few, Stephanie GP IEEE TI LEVERAGING THE DOD M&S EDUCATION PROJECT FOR SPECIALIZED ARMY M&S EDUCATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB This paper describes our efforts to develop, deliver, and sustain two specialized courses, developed by faculty from Systems Engineering Department at the Naval Postgraduate School as part of a larger DoD M&S Education Project, on the topic of simulation for active Army and civilians. First, the "Advanced Simulation Course," sponsored by the Simulation Proponent Division, office of the Army Modeling & Simulation Directorate, provides a non-technical M&S perspective that covers the significant M&S issues and M&S activities throughout the Acquisition Life Cycle. The second course is "M&S in Engineering Product Design and Development." This course is intended for engineers at the Army Research Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) and focuses on the role of M&S in the product development process. Students complete this course with a thorough understanding of the overall capabilities of M&S in supporting their product design from within the construct of an appropriate process that allows for problem formulation, analysis, and interpretation. C1 [Paulo, Eugene P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93907 USA. [Few, Stephanie] US Naval Acad, Postgrad Sch Remote, Dept Syst Engn, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Paulo, EP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93907 USA. EM eppaulo@nps.edu; smfew@nps.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 268 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2009.5429332 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492500023 ER PT S AU Johnson, RT Lampe, TA Seichter, S AF Johnson, Rachel T. Lampe, Thorsten A. Seichter, Stephan GP IEEE TI CALIBRATION OF AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION MODEL DEPICTING A REFUGEE CAMP SCENARIO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB This paper describes the use of the design and analysis of experiments to calibrate an agent-based simulation model of a peace-keeping mission. The situation depicted is a refugee camp scenario in which de-escalation of enraged civilians is required by military personnel. Calibration was determined by ensuring that the military actions in the simulation properly followed the typical rules of engagement and the expected reactions of both civilians and military forces. The expectations were determined by subject matter experts including active military personnel and psychologists. C1 [Johnson, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lampe, Thorsten A.] European Aeronaut Def & Space Co EADS, Syst Design Ctr Germany, D-85716 Unterschleissheim, Germany. [Seichter, Stephan] Bundeswehr Transformat Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Dept, D-85521 Ottobrunn, Germany. RP Johnson, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu; thorsten.lampe@eads.com; stephanseichter@bundeswehr.org FU German Bundeswehr FX The PAX model was developed by EADS with assistance from the Operations Research Division of the Bundeswehr Transformation Center. PAX was initiated and funded by the German Bundeswehr. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 1737 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501026 ER PT S AU Hayes, SP Paulo, EP AF Hayes, Shaun P. Paulo, Eugene P. GP IEEE TI ARCHITECTURE FOR COMPARING ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS OF A TACTICAL NAVAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM USING DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB Research was conducted recently at Naval Postgraduate School focusing on the development of a system architecture for a tactical naval Command and Control (C2) system. The system architecture methodology started with describing an operational concept, moved to the co-development of the functional architecture and the physical architecture, and concluded with the development of a notional operational architecture. A portion of the contact prosecution process for a Surface Action Group (SAG) involved in securing local sea control was modeled in the discrete-event simulation software Arena, and this effort is the focus of this paper. Simulations for both potential alternative designs were conducted. Finally, a comparison of the simulation results demonstrated the feasibility of the developed architecture framework to compare alternative designs of the C2 system. C1 [Hayes, Shaun P.] USN, Dept Navy, Sea Syst Command, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. [Paulo, Eugene P.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hayes, SP (reprint author), USN, Dept Navy, Sea Syst Command, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. EM shaun.p.hayes@navy.mil; paulo@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 1768 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501029 ER PT B AU Johnson, A Syverson, P AF Johnson, Aaron Syverson, Paul GP IEEE TI More Anonymous Onion Routing Through Trust SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium CY JUL 08-10, 2009 CL Port Jefferson, NY SP IEEE DE onion routing; anonymous communication; trust; minimax ID MANAGEMENT AB We consider using trust information to improve the anonymity provided by onion-routing networks. In particular, we introduce a model of trust in network nodes and use it to design path-selection strategies that minimize the probability that the adversary can successfully control the entrance to and exit from the network. This minimizes the chance that the adversary can observe and correlate patterns in the data flowing over the path and thereby deanonymize the user We first describe the general case in which onion routers can be assigned arbitrary levels of trust. Selecting a strategy call be formulated in a straightforward way, as a linear program, bill it is exponential in size. We thus analyze a natural simplification of path selection for this case. Mort importantly, however, when choosing routes in practice, only a very course assessment of trust in specific onion routers is likely to be feasible. Therefore, we focus next oil the special case in which there are only two trust levels. For this more practical case we identify three optimal route-selection strategies such that at least one is optimal, depending oil the trust levels of the two classes, their size, and the reach of the adversary. This can yield practical input into routing decisions. We set out the relevant parameters and choices for making such decisions. C1 [Johnson, Aaron] Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 2158, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Syverson, Paul] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 2158, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM aaron.johnson@yale.edu; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3712-2 PY 2009 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1109/CSF.2009.27 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BND17 UT WOS:000274193000001 ER PT S AU Krener, AJ Ide, K AF Krener, Arthur J. Ide, Kayo GP IEEE TI Measures of Unobservability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 48TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2009 HELD JOINTLY WITH THE 2009 28TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC/CCC 2009) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) / 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) CY DEC 15-18, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Honeywell, Quanser, United Technologies, Googol Tech, MathWorks, Natl Instruments ID MODEL-REDUCTION; VORTEX PAIR; CONTROLLABILITY; OBSERVABILITY; SYSTEMS AB An observed nonlinear dynamics is observable if the mapping from initial condition to output trajectory is one to one. The standard tool for checking observability is the observability rank condition but this only gives a yes or no answer. It does not measure how observable or unobservable the system is. Moreover it requires the ability to differentiate the dynamics and the observations. We introduce new tools, the local unobservability index and the local estimation condition number, to measure the degree of observability or unobservability of a system. To compute these one only needs the ability to simulate the system. We apply these tools to find the best location to put a sensor to observe the flow induced by two point vortices. C1 [Krener, Arthur J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajkrener@nps.edu; ide@umd.edu NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-3872-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2009 BP 6401 EP 6406 DI 10.1109/CDC.2009.5400067 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA5OA UT WOS:000336893606149 ER PT S AU Kang, W Xu, L AF Kang, Wei Xu, Liang GP IEEE TI A Quantitative Measure of Observability and Controllability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 48TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2009 HELD JOINTLY WITH THE 2009 28TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC/CCC 2009) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) / 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) CY DEC 15-18, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Honeywell, Quanser, United Technologies, Googol Tech, MathWorks, Natl Instruments AB Observability and controllability are fundamental concepts of control systems. In this paper, we use dynamical optimization and its computational methods as the tool to define and to quantitatively measure the observability and reachability. In addition, the duality between the observability and reachability becomes straightforward under the definitions introduced in this paper. Several examples are given to illustrate the concepts, including an example in which a system being observable under linear control theory is proved to be weakly unobservable. C1 [Kang, Wei] Naval Postgrad Sch, Fac Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Fac Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu; liang.xu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-3872-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2009 BP 6413 EP 6418 DI 10.1109/CDC.2009.5399945 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA5OA UT WOS:000336893606151 ER PT B AU Ekstrom, C Peil, S Swanson, T Crane, S AF Ekstrom, C. Peil, S. Swanson, T. Crane, S. BE Maleki, L TI ATOMIC FOUNTAINS FOR THE USNO MASTER CLOCK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has a program to field operational atomic fountain clocks for augmentation of the USNO timescale and master clock. We present the design and characterization of our engineering prototype and the initial results for the first two operational fountain clocks. In addition, we briefly discuss the new Master Clock Facility that houses the operational devices. C1 [Ekstrom, C.; Peil, S.; Swanson, T.; Crane, S.] USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ekstrom, C (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 308 EP 313 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200035 ER PT B AU Crane, S Jiang, H Lemonde, P Santarelli, G Kefelian, F Lopez, O Amy-Klein, A Chardonnet, C AF Crane, S. Jiang, H. Lemonde, P. Santarelli, G. Kefelian, F. Lopez, O. Amy-Klein, A. Chardonnet, Ch. BE Maleki, L TI OPTICAL FREQUENCY TRANSFER OVER 172 KM OF INSTALLED FIBER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID UNCERTAINTY; LINK AB We transferred the frequency of an ultra-stable laser achieving a link distance of 172 km by implementing a recirculation loop on a continuous 86 km optical fiber fully installed in the urban environment of Paris. The link is fed with a 1542 nm cavity stabilized fiber laser having a sub-Hz linewidth. The fiber-induced phase noise is measured and cancelled with an all fiber-based interferometer using commercial off-the-shelf pigtailed optical telecommunications components. The compensated link shows an Allan deviation of a few 10(-16) at one second and a few 10(-19) at 10(4) seconds. C1 [Crane, S.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Crane, S (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; jiang, haifeng/A-6637-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200055 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K Nakos, G AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos Nakos, George GP ASME TI ALGEBRAIC CRITERIA FOR QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSC 2008) CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Dynam Syst & Control Div, IEE Japan, Inst Syst, Control & Informat Engineers, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Soc Automot Engineers Japan, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers ID SYSTEMS AB Aggregate modeling can approximate the convex hull of local matrices to nonlinear dynamics for any given accuracy. The authors use aggregate models to extend sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of linear differential inclusions to nonlinear dynamics. An example illustrates the applicability of the proposed criteria to the analysis of nonlinear biochemical reaction chains. C1 [Kiriakidis, Kiriakos] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@usna.edu; gcn@usna.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4335-2 PY 2009 BP 887 EP 890 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJK59 UT WOS:000266709500111 ER PT B AU Park, JT Hayden, DD Melendez, MP Kim, JH AF Park, Joel T. Hayden, David D. Melendez, Mark P. Kim, Joseph H. GP ASME TI A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE SHIP MODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB An Arc Second Indoor Global Positioning System (IGPS) has been applied in the evaluation of the maneuvering characteristics of surface ships. The system consists of a series of laser transmitters located around the Maneuvering and Seakeeping (MASK) Basin at the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) in West Bethesda, Maryland. Receivers for the location of the model within the MASK are installed on a free-running surface ship model. Since the system provides position of the model within the basin as a function of time, velocity is also computed from finite differences of position and time. The system has been effective in providing velocity calibration data versus propeller shaft speed in straight-line runs. The characteristics of circle maneuvers have also been determined from the system such as the steady turn radius as a function of approach velocity and rudder angle, velocity in a turn, and the drift angle. Quantitative results are provided for a surface ship model in circle maneuvers and velocity calibration from straight-line runs. The typical Froude number range for a test is typically 0.1 < Fr < 0.4 with an uncertainty of +/- 0.0048 at the 95% confidence level. C1 [Park, Joel T.; Hayden, David D.; Melendez, Mark P.; Kim, Joseph H.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Seakeeping Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Park, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Seakeeping Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM joel.park@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4841-8 PY 2009 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biophysics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJK35 UT WOS:000266635000056 ER PT B AU Leung, A Simmonds, K Bagchi, A Matic, P AF Leung, Alan Simmonds, Kirth Bagchi, Amit Matic, Peter GP ASME TI SURROGATE ARM MODAL AND TRANSIENT RESPONSE COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2008, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Naval Research Laboratory has been developing measurement devices to study the dynamic response of the human body, commonly known as GelMan technologies in publications(1,2,3). This technology is currently being extended to upper extremity designs (GelMan-Upper Extremity, Figure I a), consisting of upper ann and forearm with surrogate bones connected by a spherical joint and surrounded by generalized surrogate tissue. Computational low speed localized impact tests on the arm surrogate have been performed and compared to corresponding experiments. The outcome of this analysis can simulate the structural response of the arm, thus providing insight into preventing or mitigating injuries sustained from car accidents, sports and/or battlefield injuries. A modal analysis and low speed impact transient analysis have also been performed on the arm surrogate constrained at the shoulder using the finite element program ABAQUS (Figure 1b). Linear elastic material properties from open literature are used for each arm component for the analysis using three dimensional, 8-noded hexahedral elements. Modes of vibration below 500 Hertz and strain-based frequency response have been obtained. A transient analysis of the arm is also being performed; von Mises stress contours, displacements and pressures inside the arm and total ann kinematics are extracted. These computational models have been validated with low speed, localized impact experiments using surrogate arm. Impacts of 10 N peak load are applied to upper arm and forearm of the surrogate model for 1 to 3 millisecond duration. Mode shapes of the arm are observed using a high speed camera and strain based frequency response curves are obtained. Experimental data (pressure and displacements) from transient test of the arm is compared to computational analysis. Agreement between the computational and experimental arm models provides a means for more advanced arm designs and loading situations. C1 [Leung, Alan; Simmonds, Kirth; Bagchi, Amit; Matic, Peter] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leung, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4863-0 PY 2009 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BJH60 UT WOS:000265911300023 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW Jo, JC AF Kwon, Y. W. Jo, J. C. BE Sigrist, JF TI COUPLED FINITE ELEMENT BASED LATTICE BOLTZMANN EQUATION AND STRUCTURAL FINITE ELEMENTS FOR FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION APPLICATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; UNDERWATER SHOCK; FLOWS; MODELS; SIMULATIONS; FORMULATION AB A computational technique was developed for analysis of fluid-structure interaction. The fluid flow was solved using the lattice Boltzmann method which found to be computationally simple and efficient. In order to apply the lattice Boltzmann method to irregular shapes of fluid domains, the finite element based lattice Boltzmann method was developed. In addition, the turbulent model was also implemented into the lattice Boltzmann formulation. Structures were analyzed using either beam or shell elements depending of the nature of the structures. Then, coupled transient fluid flow and structural dynamics were solved one after another for each time step. Numerical examples for both 2-D and 3-D fluid-structure interaction problems were presented to demonstrate the developed techniques. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4827-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2009 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJB36 UT WOS:000264429600011 ER PT B AU Faulkner, SD Kwon, YW AF Faulkner, Susan D. Kwon, Y. W. BE Dixon, RD Springer, B AuYang, MK TI STUDY OF COMPOSITE JOINT STRENGTH WITH CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Strengthening of composite joints is a topic of recent research. The benefits of using locally applied carbon nanotubes to reinforce a carbon fiber composite joint were Studied. The effect of carbon nanotubes on enhancing the fracture toughness and joint interface strength was investigated by performing Mode I and Mode II fracture with and without carbon nanotubes applied locally at the joint interface. During the study, the image correlation technique was used to examine the fracture mechanisms altered by the introduction of carbon nanotubes. The experimental Study showed that carbon nanotubes increased the fracture toughness of the composite interface significantly, especially for the Mode II fracture, with altering the fracture mechanism. C1 [Faulkner, Susan D.; Kwon, Y. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Faulkner, SD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4828-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2009 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJB38 UT WOS:000264431300031 ER PT B AU Kailasanath, K Liu, JH Gutmark, E Munday, D Martens, S AF Kailasanath, K. Liu, Junhui Gutmark, Ephraim Munday, David Martens, Steven GP ASME TI IMPACT OF MECHANICAL CHEVRONS ON SUPERSONIC JET FLOW AND NOISE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SCREECH; PREDICTION AB In this paper, we present observations on the impact of mechanical chevrons on modifying the flow field and noise emanated by supersonic jet flows. These observations are derived from both a monotonically integrated large-eddy simulation (MILES) approach to simulate the near fields of supersonic jet flows and laboratory experiments The nozzle geometries used in this research are representative of practical engine nozzles. A finite-element flow solver using unstructured grids allows us to model the nozzle geometry accurately and the MILES approach directly computes the large-scale turbulent flow structures The emphasis of the work is on "off-design" or non-ideally expanded flow conditions. LES for several total pressure ratios under non-ideally expanded flow conditions were simulated and compared to experimental data. The agreement between the predictions and the measurements on the flow field and near-field acoustics is good After this initial step on validating the computational methodology, the impact of mechanical chevrons on modifying the flow field and hence the near-field acoustics is being investigated. This paper presents the results to date and further details will be presented at the meeting. C1 [Kailasanath, K.; Liu, Junhui] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kailasanath, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4882-1 PY 2009 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BON15 UT WOS:000277052900008 ER PT B AU Choi, SR AF Choi, Sung R. GP ASME TI FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN GAS-TURBINE GRADE SILICON NITRIDES BY SILICON NITRIDE BALL PROJECTILES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst DE foreign object damage (FOD); impact damage; impact test; silicon nitrides; ceramics; ballistic impact ID IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; CERAMICS; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; AMBIENT; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) behavior of two gas-turbine grade silicon nitrides (AS800 and SN282) was determined with a considerable sample size at ambient temperature using impact velocities ranging from 50 to 225 m/s by 1.59-mm diameter silicon nitride ball projectiles. The degree of impact damage as well as of post-impact strength degradation increased with increasing impact velocity, and was greater in SN282 than in AS800 silicon nitride. The critical impact velocity in which target specimens fractured catastrophically was remarkably low: about 200 and 130 m/s, respectively, for AS800 and SN282. The difference in the critical impact velocity and impact damage between the two target silicon nitrides was attributed to the fracture toughness of the target materials. The FOD by silicon nitride projectiles was significantly greater than that by steel ball projectiles. Prediction of impact force was made based on a yield model and compared with the conventional Hertzian contact-stress model. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4882-1 PY 2009 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BON15 UT WOS:000277052900024 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Sutton, JA Fleming, JW AF Williams, Bradley A. Sutton, Jeffrey A. Fleming, James W. TI The role of methylene in prompt NO formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Chemical kinetics; NO(x) formation; Laminar flames ID RATE-CONSTANT; AB-INITIO; FLAMES; DIAZOMETHANE; NCN; OXIDATION; METHANE; HEAT AB We address the plausibility of singlet methylene ((1)CH(2)) in the prompt NO formation mechanism via examination of experimental species profiles and kinetic flame modeling of several low-pressure methane-oxygen-nitrogen flames. Existing kinetic models assuming CH as the only prompt NO precursor greatly underpredict NO formation under very fuel-lean conditions. We have constructed a kinetic pathway initiated by the recombination of singlet CH(2) with molecular nitrogen to form diazomethane, CH(2)=N=N, early in the flame. Although the majority of the diazomethane is predicted to react with flame radicals to regenerate N(2), a small percentage (approximately 10%) is predicted to react via cleavage of the N=N bond leading to NO formation. This leads to accurate prediction of the experimental measurements of NO fort-nation in lean, low-pressure flames. Assuming reasonable kinetic parameters for the reactions of CH(2), the large underprediction of NO tinder lean conditions can be rectified by the inclusion of the (1)CH(2) prompt NO pathway in the kinetic mechanism. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Bradley A.; Sutton, Jeffrey A.; Fleming, James W.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Dynam Sect, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory base program funding. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.175 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800036 ER PT J AU Wagner, S Fisher, BT Fleming, JW Ebert, V AF Wagner, Steven Fisher, Brian T. Fleming, James W. Ebert, Volker TI TDLAS-based in situ measurement of absolute acetylene concentrations in laminar 2D diffusion flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Diagnostics; Acetylene; Laminar flames; Chemiluminescence; Soot formation ID LASER-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIODE-LASER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; METHANE/AIR FLAMES; LIQUID WATER; MU-M; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; H2O AB We report the first quantitative and calibration-free in Situ C(2)H(2) measurement in a flame environment using direct Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy(TDLAS). Utilizing a fiber-coupled Distributed Feedback diode laser near 1535 nm we measured spatially resolved, absolute C(2)H(2) concentration profiles in a laminar non-premixed CH(4)/air flame supported on a modified Wolfhard-Parker slot burner with N(2) purge slots to minimize end flames. We developed a wavelength tuning scheme combining laser temperature and current modulation to record with a single diode laser a mesh of 37 overlapping spectral windows and generate an similar to 7 nm (30 cm(-1)) wide, high-resolution absorption spectrum centered at 1538 nm. Experimental C(2)H(2) spectra in a reference cell showed excellent agreement-with simulations using HITRAN2004 data. The enhanced wavelength coverage was needed to establish correct C(2)H(2) line identification and selection in the very congested high temperature flame spectra and led to the P17e line as the only candidate for in situ detection of C(2)H(2) in the flame. We used highly efficient optical disturbance correction algorithms for treating transmission and background emission fluctuations in combination with a multiple Voigt line Levenberg-Marquardt fitting algorithm and Pt/Rh thermocouple measurements to achieve fractional optical resolutions of up to 4 x 10(-5) OD (1 sigma) in the flame (Tup to 2000 K). Temperature dependent C(2)H(2) detection limits for the P17e line were 60 to 480 ppm. By translating the burner through the laser beam with a DC motor we obtained spatially resolved, absolute C(2)H(2) concentration profiles along the flame sheet with 0.5 mm spatial resolution as measured with a knife edge technique. The TDLAS-based, transverse C(2)H(2) concentration profiles without any scaling are in excellent agreement with published mass spectrometric C(2)H(2) data for the same flame supported on a similar burner, thus validating our calibration-free TDLAS measurements. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Wagner, Steven; Ebert, Volker] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fisher, Brian T.; Fleming, James W.] USN, Res Lab, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ebert, V (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM volker.ebert@urz.uni-heidelberg.de RI Ebert, Volker/E-7671-2011; Wagner, Steven/H-3433-2015 OI Ebert, Volker/0000-0002-1394-3097; Wagner, Steven/0000-0002-1504-9259 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) FX Funding for this research was from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory core funding and from The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) with travel support for VE and SW from-the Deutscher Akademischer Aust-auschdienst(German Academic Exchange Service). NR 37 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.087 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800094 ER PT B AU Kira, Z Potter, MA AF Kira, Zsolt Potter, Mitchell A. BE Gupta, GS Mukhopadhyay, SC TI Exerting Human Control Over Decentralized Robot Swarms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS AND AGENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents CY FEB 10-12, 2009 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP Massey Univ, Palmerston N, Sch Engn & Adv Technol, IEEE NZ Cent Sect, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Intelligent Control, Singapore Polytechn, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Tribotix Pty Ltd, Knowledge Solut Grp Inc AB Robot swarms are capable of performing tasks with robustness and flexibility using only local interactions between the agents. Such a system can lead to emergent behavior that is often desirable, but difficult to control and manipulate post-design. These properties make the real-time control of swarms by a human operator challenging-a problem that has not been adequately addressed in the literature. In this paper we present preliminary work on two possible forms of control: top-down control of global swarm characteristics and bottom-up control by influencing a subset of the swarm members. We present learning methods to address each of these. The first method uses instance-based learning to produce a generalized model from a sampling of the parameter space and global characteristics for specific situations. The second method uses evolutionary learning to learn placement and parameterization of virtual agents that can influence the robots in the swarm. Finally we show how these methods generalize and can be used by a human operator to dynamically control a swarm in real time. C1 [Kira, Zsolt] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Potter, Mitchell A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kira, Z (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zkira@gatech.edu; mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001408WX20450] FX This work was performed under Office of Naval Research Work Order N0001408WX20450 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2712-3 PY 2009 BP 144 EP + PG 2 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BKZ50 UT WOS:000269688000027 ER PT B AU Sands, TA Kim, JJ Agrawal, B AF Sands, Timothy A. Kim, Jae Jun Agrawal, Brij GP IEEE TI Control Moment Gyroscope Singularity Reduction via Decoupled Control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2009, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2009 CY MAR 05-08, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Atlanta Sect, Georgia Tech IEEE Student Branch AB Two objectives dominate consideration of control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) for spacecraft maneuvers: High torque (or equivalently momentum) and singularity-free operations. Utilizing a 3/4 CMG skewed-pyramid in the optimal singularity-free configuration, this paper develops a decoupled control strategy to reduce the remaining singular conditions. Analysis is provided to justify the argument with promising simulations followed by experimental verification using a free-floating satellite simulator. C1 [Sands, Timothy A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, 663 Nautilus Court 104, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. [Kim, Jae Jun; Agrawal, Brij] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sands, TA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, 663 Nautilus Court 104, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. EM timothy.sands@eglin.af.mil; jki12@nps.navy.mil; agrawal@nps.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3977-5 PY 2009 BP 388 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BMM93 UT WOS:000272863900072 ER PT B AU Pan, LM Dawson, B Krim, J Baker, C Pearson, J Zikry, M Vovoedin, A AF Pan, Liming Dawson, Ben Krim, Jacqueline Baker, Colin Pearson, James Zikry, Mohammed Vovoedin, Andrey GP ASME TI NANOSCALE DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE STLE/ASME INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID ROUGHNESS AB We report a joint theoretical and experimental study of the tribological properties of gold-yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based nanocomposite coatings, with a focus on the role of nanocrystalline grain size. Nanocomposites hold great promise for space and ambient applications, on account of their ability to adapt to and exhibit low friction and wear rates in constantly varying environmental conditions. Their internal structure has been the topic of prior literature, but the impact of grain size on tribological performance has heretofore not been considered, and the surface topology has not been reported. As such, we have performed both experimental and theoretical studies, to model the impact of grain size on film stress and wear attributes, and to document surface region grain size distributions through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of self-affine fractal scaling properties. Nanocrystalline gold crystal sizes, as determined from STM and x-ray diffraction (XRD) data are consistent with those inferred from high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. Our modeling results associate smaller grain sizes with lower wear rates, consistent with experiments. The findings show promise for nanoscale customization of coatings so as to tailor them at the nanoscale in an application specific manner. C1 [Pan, Liming; Dawson, Ben; Krim, Jacqueline; Pearson, James; Zikry, Mohammed] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baker, Colin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vovoedin, Andrey] Wright Patterson Air Force Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, LM (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0381] FX This work has been supported by the Extreme Friction MURI program, AFOSR grant FA9550-04-1-0381. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4336-9 PY 2009 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BJJ09 UT WOS:000266325200018 ER PT S AU Imam, MA Fliflet, AW Siebach, KL David, A Bruce, RW Qadri, SB Feng, CR Gold, SH AF Imam, M. A. Fliflet, A. W. Siebach, K. L. David, A. Bruce, R. W. Qadri, S. B. Feng, C. R. Gold, S. H. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI CONTINUOUS MICROWAVE DRIVEN POLYOL PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING YTTERBIUM DOPED YTTRIA POWDER SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID ALUMINA COMPACTS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; IRRADIATION; NANOPARTICLES; AG AB The continuous microwave polyol process is a promising novel approach to the synthesis of metallic and ceramic nanopowders Current efforts are directed toward synthesizing ytterbia-doped yttria (Yb2O3 Y2O3) for use as a polycrystalline laser host material The process involves pumping a mixture of yttrium nitrate and ytterbium nitrate dissolved in hydrated diethylene glycol through a pressurized quartz tube contained in an S Band waveguide driven by a 2 45 GHz microwave source at powers up to 6 kW As the solution moves along the waveguide it absorbs the co propagating microwave energy and is heated rapidly to a temperature above 200 degrees C causing a reaction to occur Condensation reactions then form particles with ytterbium doped yttria crystal structure The rapid heating and cooling serve to limit the growth of the crystals so that they are on submicron and fairly uniform in size The production of doped yttria was confirmed by x-ray diffraction C1 [Imam, M. A.; Fliflet, A. W.; Siebach, K. L.; David, A.; Bruce, R. W.; Qadri, S. B.; Feng, C. R.; Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40845-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 203 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSU33 UT WOS:000285825100001 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Alexander, DJ Faucett, DC AF Choi, Sung R. Alexander, Donald J. Faucett, David C. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE VS STATIC INDENTATION DAMAGE IN AN OXIDE/OXIDE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; IMPACT; SURFACES; AMBIENT; SPHERES AB Static indentation was conducted using an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with 1 59 mm diameter steel balls Surface morphology and cross sections of indents were characterized and compared with those of dynamic impact sites Many similar features were in common, such as deformation, densification, and the mode of damage generation, despite some difference in seventy of those variables Impact force subjected to foreign object damage testing was estimated by using the static indentation data to determine at least a first order of approximation C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Alexander, Donald J.; Faucett, David C.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40845-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 203 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSU33 UT WOS:000285825100016 ER PT S AU Goshorn, D Wachs, J Kolsch, M AF Goshorn, Deborah Wachs, Juan Koelsch, Mathias BE BayroCorrochano, E Eklundh, JO TI The Multi-level Learning and Classification of Multi-class Parts-Based Representations of US Marine Postures SO PROGRESS IN PATTERN RECOGNITION, IMAGE ANALYSIS, COMPUTER VISION, AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition CY NOV 15-18, 2009 CL Guadalajara, MEXICO SP Mexican Assoc Comp Vis, Neurocomp & Robot, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Cuban Assoc Pattern Recognit, Chilean Assoc Pattern Recognit, Brizilian Comp Soc Special Interest Grp, Spanish Assoc Pattern Recognit, Portuguese Assoc Pattern Recognit, CINVESTAV, IEEE GRSS, CoecytJal, INTEL Educ, Gobierno Municipal, Direcc Turismo Guadalajara, Oficina Vistantes & Convenciones Guadalajara AB This paper primarily investigates the possibility of using multi-level learning of sparse parts-based representations of US Marine postures in an outside and often crowded environment for training exercises. To do so, the paper discusses two approaches to learning parts-based representations for each posture needed. The first approach uses a two-level learning method which consists of simple clustering of interest patches extracted from a set of training images for each posture, in addition to learning the nonparametric spatial frequency distribution of the clusters that represents one posture type. The second approach uses a two-level learning method which involves convolving interest patches with filters and in addition performing joint boosting on the spatial locations of the first level of learned parts in order to create a global set of parts that the various postures share in representation. Experimental results on video from actual US Marine training exercises are included. C1 [Goshorn, Deborah; Wachs, Juan; Koelsch, Mathias] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goshorn, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wachs, Juan/0000-0002-6425-5745 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-10267-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5856 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPQ26 UT WOS:000279629500059 ER PT J AU Gailey, R Harsch, P AF Gailey, Robert Harsch, Peter TI Introduction to triathlon for the lower limb amputee triathlete SO PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Rehabilitation of amputees; prosthetics; amputee; prosthetics; triathlon; sports ID INJURIES; NONAMPUTEES; AMPUTATIONS; CLUB; PAIN AB From the roots of cross training to the rigorous worldwide events, triathlon has become a means for physical conditioning, competition and socialization that is adaptable to everyone with a desire and commitment to participate. The novelty of athletes with limb loss competing alongside able-bodied has passed. The current expectation is that sport, including triathlon, is well within the reach of any amputee athlete with the physical ability and determination to compete. Commitment by the clinical team to the amputee athlete along with the systematic practice of prosthetic fitting, sport-specific training and accurate record keeping will not only assist today's athletes, but will establish the foundation for future amputee triathletes. This article outlines the prosthetic and training consideration for clinicians working with novice and intermediate amputee triathletes or those interested in swimming, cycling and running. In addition, prosthetic fitting and component selection and race day strategies is discussed. C1 [Gailey, Robert] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Phys Therapy, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Harsch, Peter] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Prosthet & Orthot, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gailey, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Phys Therapy, 5915 Ponce de Leon Blvd,5th Floor Plumer Bldg, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM rgailey@bellsouth.net NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-3646 J9 PROSTHET ORTHOT INT JI Prosthet. Orthot. Int. PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 242 EP 255 AR PII 913563782 DI 10.1080/03093640902995070 PG 14 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 480BY UT WOS:000268708000007 PM 19658014 ER PT S AU Palusinski, IA Walters, RJ Matson, LE Fuqua, PD Jenkins, P Barrie, JD Meshishnek, MJ Messenger, SR Geis, JM Jackson, E Lorentzen, JR AF Palusinski, Iwona A. Walters, Robert J. Matson, Lawrence E. Fuqua, Peter D. Jenkins, Phillip Barrie, James D. Meshishnek, Michael J. Messenger, Scott R. Geis, Jason M. Jackson, Eric Lorentzen, Justin R. BE Kleiman, JI TI Optical Reflector Materials Experiment-I (ORMatE-I) and ORMatE-II on Board MISSE SO PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY MAY 20-23, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Canadian Space Agcy, Montana State Univ, Univ Toronto Inst Aerospac Studies, Integr Testing Lab AB The first Optical Reflector Materials Experiment (ORMatE-I) is on-board MISSE-6. The follow-on experiment, ORMatE-II, is part of MISSE-7. Both these projects are a collaborative effort among The Aerospace Corporation, the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Directorate (AFRL/ML). ORMatE-I is a study of optically reflective materials focused on SiC for use as a lightweight mirror substrate. Several types of SIC material grown by different methods and vendors are included as well as diverse coating materials and deposition techniques. Advanced glass substrate technologies, like ULE and corrugated borosilicate, are also on-board. Additional SiC and composite materials will be evaluated on ORMatE-II along with silver mirrors deposited by various means. A description of both experiment suites and a summary of the pre-flight optical characterization will be presented. C1 [Palusinski, Iwona A.; Fuqua, Peter D.; Jenkins, Phillip; Barrie, James D.; Meshishnek, Michael J.; Geis, Jason M.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Matson, Lawrence E.] AFRL ML, Dayton, OH USA. [Messenger, Scott R.; Jackson, Eric; Lorentzen, Justin R.] SSA Inc, largo, MD USA. RP Palusinski, IA (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0619-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1087 BP 249 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BIX44 UT WOS:000263582700022 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ Krasowski, MJ Chapman, JJ Ballard, PG Vasquez, JA Mahony, DR LaCava, SN Braun, WR Skalitzky, R Prokop, NF Flatico, JM Greer, LC Gibson, KB Kinard, WH Pippin, HG AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. Krasowski, Michael J. Chapman, John J. Ballard, Perry. G. Vasquez, John A. Mahony, Denis R. LaCava, Susie N. Braun, William R. Skalitzky, Robert Prokop, Norman F. Flatico, Joseph M. Greer, Lawrence C. Gibson, Karen B. Kinard, William H. Pippin, H. Gary BE Kleiman, JI TI MISSE7: Building a Permanent Environmental Testbed for the International Space Station SO PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY MAY 20-23, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Canadian Space Agcy, Montana State Univ, Univ Toronto Inst Aerospac Studies, Integr Testing Lab AB The Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE) provide low-cost material exposure experiments on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS). The original concept for a suitcase-like box bolted to the ISS to passively expose materials to space has grown to include increasingly complex in situ characterization. As the ISS completes construction, the facilities available to MISSE experiments will increase dramatically. MISSE7 is the first MISSE to take advantage of this new infrastructure. In addition to material exposure, MISSE7 will include characterization of single-event radiation effects on electronics and solar cell performance in LEO. MISSE7 will exploit the ISS Express Logistics Carrier power and data capabilities and will leave behind a MISSE specific infrastructure for future missions. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.; Vasquez, John A.; LaCava, Susie N.; Braun, William R.; Skalitzky, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krasowski, Michael J.; Prokop, Norman F.; Greer, Lawrence C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Chapman, John J.; Gibson, Karen B.; Kinard, William H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ballard, Perry. G.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mahony, Denis R.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Flatico, Joseph M.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brookpark, OH USA. [Pippin, H. Gary] Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0619-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1087 BP 273 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BIX44 UT WOS:000263582700023 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Kritz-Silverstein, D Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF AF Smith, Tyler C. Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI PTSD Prevalence, Associated Exposures, and Functional Health Outcomes in a Large, Population-Based Military Cohort SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; III-R CRITERIA; DSM-III; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; GULF-WAR; VIETNAM VETERANS; LONGITUDINAL COURSE; COMBAT EXPOSURE; RAPE VICTIMS AB Objectives. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic, life-threatening events including combat-related experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and diagnosis, self-reported exposures, and functional health in a large cross-section of the U.S. military. Methods. This study used baseline Millennium Cohort data (July 2001 to June 2003) of 75,156 U.S. military members to assess the population-based prevalence of PTSD symptoms, self-reported exposures, and functional health as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V). Results. PTSD diagnosis without current symptoms was reported by 953 respondents (1.2%, weighted), 1,490 respondents (2.1%, weighted) reported no diagnosis but reported PTSD symptoms, and 287 respondents (0.4%, weighted) reported diagnosis and current symptoms. Self-reported exposure to chemical or biological warfare agents, protective countermeasures, or hearing alarms were associated with PTSD symptoms independent of other combat-like exposures. Physical health was similar among those with PTSD diagnosis and current PTSD symptoms. However, compared with the overall cohort, lower mental health summary means; for those reporting current PTSD symptoms (mean = 27.8), current symptoms and diagnosis (mean = 24.6), and diagnosis without current symptoms (mean = 47.5) were found. Conclusions. Results suggest a 2.0% prevalence of PTSD symptoms without diagnosis and that self-reported threatening exposures were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Mental and physical health scores of those with current PTSD symptoms appear diminished, but suggest a return to cohort levels with resolution of PTSD symptoms. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Wingard, Deborah L.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil FU Naval Health Research Center [07-040]; DoD [60002] FX This article represents Naval Health Research Center report 07-040, supported by the DoD, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, DoD, Department of Veterans Affairs, the U.S. Government, or the University of California San Diego. NR 72 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 11 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 124 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 385NI UT WOS:000261820500013 PM 19413031 ER PT J AU Nakazawa, K Sarazin, CL Kawaharada, M Kitaguchi, T Okuyama, S Makishima, K Kawano, N Fukazawa, Y Inoue, S Takizawa, M Wik, DR Finoguenov, A Clarke, TE AF Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Sarazin, Craig L. Kawaharada, Madoka Kitaguchi, Takao Okuyama, Sho Makishima, Kazuo Kawano, Naomi Fukazawa, Yasushi Inoue, Susumu Takizawa, Motokazu Wik, Daniel R. Finoguenov, Alexis Clarke, Tracy E. TI Hard X-Ray Properties of the Merging Cluster Abell 3667 as Observed with Suzaku SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual (Abell 3667); galaxies: magnetic fields; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies ID MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTH; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; COMA CLUSTER; GALAXY CLUSTERS; BOARD SUZAKU; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COLD-FRONT; HOT GAS AB Wide-band Suzaku data oil the merging Cluster Abell 3667 were examined for hard X-ray emission in excess to the known thermal component. Suzaku detected X-ray signals in a wide energy band from 0.5 to 40 keV. The hard X-ray (> 10 keV) flux observed by the HXD around the cluster center cannot be explained by a simple extension of the thermal emission with an average temperature of similar to 7 keV. The emission is most likely to be from a very hot (kT > 13.2 keV) thermal component around the cluster center, produced via a strong heating process in a merger. In the north-west radio relic, no signature of non-thermal emission was observed. Using the HXD, the overall upper-limit flux within a 34' x 34' field-of-view around the relic was derived to be 5.3 x 10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) ill the 10-40 keV band, after Subtracting the ICM contribution estimated using the XIS or the XMM-Newton spectra. Directly oil the relic region, the upper limit is further tightened by the XIS data to be less than 7.3 x 10(-13) erg s(-1) cm(-2) when converted into the 10-40 keV band. The latter value suggest that the average magnetic field within the relic is higher than 1.6 mu G. The non-thermal pressure due to magnetic fields and relativistic electrons may be as large as similar to 20% of the thermal pressure in the region. C1 [Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Kitaguchi, Takao; Okuyama, Sho; Makishima, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Sarazin, Craig L.; Wik, Daniel R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kawaharada, Madoka; Makishima, Kazuo] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3500198, Japan. [Kawano, Naomi; Fukazawa, Yasushi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Inoue, Susumu] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Takizawa, Motokazu] Yamagata Univ, Dept Phys, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Nakazawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hungo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM nakazawa@amalthea.phys.s.u-tokyo.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2009 VL 61 IS 2 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1093/pasj/61.2.339 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 447YP UT WOS:000266228300019 ER PT J AU Williams, DR Harra, LK Brooks, DH Imada, S Hansteen, VH AF Williams, David R. Harra, Louise K. Brooks, David H. Imada, Shinsuke Hansteen, Viggo H. TI Evidence from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer for Axial Filament Rotation before a Large Flare SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: filaments; Sun: transition region ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TRANSITION REGION; FLUX ROPES; HINODE AB In this article, we present observations made with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on-board the Hinode solar satellite, of an active region filament in the Hell emission line at 256.32 angstrom. The host active region AR 10930 produces an X-class flare during these observations. We measure Doppler shifts with apparent velocities of up to 20 km s(-1), which are anti symmetric about the filament length and occur several minutes before the flare's impulsive phase. This is indicative of a rotation of the filament, which is in turn consistent with expansion of a twisted flux rope due to the MHD helical kink instability. This is the first time that such an observation has been possible in this transition-region line, and we note that the signature observed occurs before the first indications of pre-flare activity in the GOES solar soft X-ray flux, suggesting that the filament begins to destabilise in tandem with a reorganization of the local magnetic field. We suggest that this expansion is triggered by the decrease of magnetic tension around, and/or total pressure above, the filament. C1 [Williams, David R.; Harra, Louise K.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Imada, Shinsuke] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hansteen, Viggo H.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Williams, DR (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM drw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; shinsuke.imada@nao.ac.jp; viggo.hansteen@astro.uio.no RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011; OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (formerly PPARC); NASA Hinode programme FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). DRW acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (formerly PPARC). DHB acknowledges support from the NASA Hinode programme. The authors thank the referee for helpful comments towards presenting the results herein. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.1093/pasj/61.3.493 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475OI UT WOS:000268368900012 ER PT S AU Baer, W Pizzi, R AF Baer, Wolfgang Pizzi, Rita BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI The Case for Biological Quantum Computer Elements SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VII CY APR 16-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Quantum Computers; Biological Quantum Effects; Whitehead; Process Ontology ID CONSCIOUSNESS AB An extension to vonNeumann's analysis of quantum theory suggests self-measurement is a fundamental process of Nature. By mapping the quantum computer to the brain architecture we will argue that the cognitive experience results from a measurement of a quantum memory maintained by biological entities. The insight provided by this mapping suggests quantum effects are not restricted to small atomic and nuclear phenomena but are an integral part of our own cognitive experience and further that the architecture of a quantum computer system parallels that of a conscious brain. We will then review the suggestions for biological quantum elements in basic neural structures and address the de-coherence objection by arguing for a self-measurement event model of Nature. We will argue that to first order approximation the universe is composed of isolated self-measurement events which guaranties coherence. Controlled de-coherence is treated as the input/output interactions between quantum elements of a quantum computer and the quantum memory maintained by biological entities cognizant of the quantum calculation results. Lastly we will present stem-cell based neuron experiments conducted by one of us with the aim of demonstrating the occurrence of quantum effects in living neural networks and discuss future research projects intended to reach this objective. C1 [Baer, Wolfgang] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dep Informat Sci Code IS, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pizzi, Rita] Univ Milan, Dept Informat Technol, I-26013 Crema, Italy. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dep Informat Sci Code IS, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Baer@nps.edu; pizzi@dti.unimi.it NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7608-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7342 AR UNSP 734204 DI 10.1117/12.818218 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCS48 UT WOS:000311280400003 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Parks, AD AF Gray, John E. Parks, Allen D. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI The Post-Selection Probability Current and Its Implications SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VII CY APR 16-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE probability current; post-selection; weak values; weak energy ID QUANTUM STATE EVOLUTION; POINTED WEAK ENERGY; SEPARATED SYSTEMS; GEOMETRY; SPACE AB We introduce a notation for probability current and operator current in a normal quantum mechanics setting. We then extend these concepts to the concept of post-selection that was introduced by Schordinger and has found wide application by Aharonov and his colleagues. We introduce the concept of a post-selection operator current and then use it as an alternative means of examining concepts of weak values. The concept of weak energy introduced by Parks is derived in this setting. Also, the configuration space based on geometric phase and the Fubini-Study metric that was introduced by Parks defines an operator current as well. We provide a connection between this current and post-selection operator current. C1 [Gray, John E.; Parks, Allen D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Code Q-23,18444 FRONTAGE ROAD,SUITE 328, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7608-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7342 AR 73420G DI 10.1117/12.818097 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCS48 UT WOS:000311280400011 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum entangled radar theory and a correction method for the effects of the atmosphere on entanglement SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VII CY APR 16-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum radar; quantum sensors; atmospheric correction; super sensitivity; entanglement; Heisenberg limit; quantum metrology; quantum imaging; quantum sensing AB A quantum entangled radar uses entangled photons instead of separate photons. It has been shown that for quantum entangled interferometers that the value of quantum entanglement deteriorates in an environment with attenuation. This paper introduces a correction method that allows the quantum radar to maintain excellent performance even when dealing with an environment with attenuation. The correction method is analogous to techniques used in adaptive optics to improve images. Correction approaches based on signal sources deliberately introduced into the environment and electromagnetic sources already present in the environment are considered. Closed form expressions for estimating the range error are derived for the cases when the radar uses N entangled photons for imaging or N separate imaging photons. Simulations of radar range error estimates for entangled and separate photon cases for propagation media with widely varying attenuation properties are provided. Comparisons of estimates with and without atmospheric correction are given. The atmospheric correction method extends the range of the beneficial effects of entanglement by a factor of 82, i.e. to 5000 km for a slowly varying propagation medium. For a propagation medium with 50 times as much variation, the atmospheric correction method offers super sensitivity for three times the range of the uncorrected case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7608-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7342 AR 73420A DI 10.1117/12.819918 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCS48 UT WOS:000311280400007 ER PT S AU Kessler, DA Oran, ES Kaplan, CR AF Kessler, David A. Oran, Elaine S. Kaplan, Carolyn R. BE Abe, T TI Simulation of Dense, Rarefied Gas Flows using a Multiscale Procedure SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD26) CY JUN 20-JUL 25, 2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Soc Promot Space Sci, Iwantani Naoji Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Kaijma Fdn, IHI Corp, IHI Aerosp Engn Co Ltd, Osaka Vaccuun Ltd, Nissin Inc DE Monte Carlo; DSMC; multiscale; dense gas flows ID MONTE-CARLO AB We present a multiscale solution algorithm for dense rarefied gas flows. In this method the general conservation laws of compressible fluid dynamics are solved with a flux-corrected-transport-based finite volume algorithm using physically accurate stresses and heat fluxes calculated with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The resulting computational method is expected to produce better solutions for moderate to high Knudsen number (transition-regime) flows than solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations at a much lower computational cost than DSMC and other particle-based solution methods. The algorithm is tested on a low-speed, planar Couette flow at two different Knudsen numbers. The effect of the lengths of time spent in the finite volume and DSMC portions of the algorithm are examined. C1 [Kessler, David A.; Oran, Elaine S.; Kaplan, Carolyn R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kessler, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0615-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1084 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJF97 UT WOS:000265564800057 ER PT B AU Agrawal, B AF Agrawal, Brij BE Kurnaz, S Ince, F Onbasioglu, S Basturk, S TI Jitter Control for Imaging Spacecraft SO RAST 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2009 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP turkish Air Force Acad, Istanbul Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Marmara Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Istanbul Commerce Univ, Halic Univ, Yeditepe Univ, IEEE, AIAA DE Jitter Control; Imaging Spacecraft AB The current imaging spacecraft design trend is for higher imaging performance, allowing very low jitter. Vibration sources on spacecraft include reaction or momentum wheels, control moment gyros (CMG), solar drive motors, thruster firing, cryogenic coolers and slew maneuvers. Several techniques have been developed to reduce jitter. One technique is to increase damping of the spacecraft support structure to reduce vibration response by adding passive and/or active damping. The second technique is to introduce isolation between vibration source and the spacecraft. The third technique is to isolate the optical payloads from the spacecraft. The fourth technique is to reduce jitter in the optical beam by using fast steering mirrors. For spacecraft requiring the very low jitter, a combination of these techniques is used. This paper discusses briefly all these jitter control techniques. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM agrawal@nps.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3626-2 PY 2009 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1109/RAST.2009.5158266 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BLZ72 UT WOS:000271613000119 ER PT S AU McNelley, TR Swarninathan, S Su, JQ Zhilyaev, AP AF McNelley, T. R. Swarninathan, S. Su, J. Q. Zhilyaev, A. P. BE Cabibbo, M Spigarelli, S TI Texture and High-Angle Boundary Formation during Deformation Processing SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL METALS AND ALLOYS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Developments in the Processing and Applications of Structural Metals and Alloys CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Como, ITALY HO Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn DE Texture; texture variants; deformation processing; severe plastic deformation; deformation banding ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; EVOLUTION; REFINEMENT; COPPER; STRAIN AB Among the phenomena leading to formation of high-angle boundaries during deformation processing at low homologous temperatures is the subdivision of prior grains and formation of deformation bands. Evidence for this phenomenon during processing of AA2004, a superplastic aluminum alloy, is reviewed; fragmentation of deformation bands leads to equiaxed grains and high-angle boundaries that support superplasticity. In addition to subdivision, groups of grains undergo lattice rotation toward one or the other variant of the beta orientation fibers during plane-strain deformation of pure aluminum by ambient temperature rolling. The formation of equiaxed grains from banded structures during simple shear by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is also considered. C1 [McNelley, T. R.; Swarninathan, S.; Su, J. Q.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhilyaev, A. P.] CSIC, CENIM, Dept Phys Met, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu; Alex.Zhilyaev@uab.es RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06058G001]; U.S. National Research Council; Spanish CICYT [MAT2003/01172] FX The authors acknowledge partial support for this work by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under funding document no. F1ATA06058G001. S.S., JQS and APZ also acknowledge a U.S. National Research Council Fellowship, and APZ acknowledges support from the Spanish CICYT under program MAT2003/01172. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 604-605 BP 251 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIX28 UT WOS:000263555900026 ER PT B AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, Michael E. BE Connes, A Fauvet, F Ramis, JP TI (Non)commutative Hopf algebras of trees and (quasi)symmetric functions SO RENORMALIZATION AND GALOIS THEORIES SE IRMA Lectures in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Renormalization and Galois Theories CY MAR, 2006 CL Ctr Int Rencontres Math, Marseilles, FRANCE HO Ctr Int Rencontres Math ID DECORATED ROOTED TREES; PLANAR BINARY-TREES; RENORMALIZATION AB The Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees, its dual, and the Foissy Hopf algebra of planar rooted trees are related to each other and to the well-known Hopf algebras of symmetric and quasi-symmetric functions via a pair of commutative diagrams. We show how this point of view can simplify computations in the Connes Kreimer Hopf algebra and its dual, particularly for combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equations. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM meh@usna.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA ETH-ZENTRUM FLI C4, ZURICH, CH-8092, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-03719-073-9 J9 IRMA LECT MATH THEOR PY 2009 VL 15 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.4171/073-1/6 PG 19 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BGR72 UT WOS:000323914100007 ER PT B AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. BE NGuerekata, GM TI A NEW EXACT SOLUTION TO THE DELAYED DIFFUSION EQUATION SO RESEARCH ON EVOLUTION EQUATION COMPENDIUM, VOL 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Delayed diffusion equation; Fourier's law; thermal relaxation time; Lambert W-function ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; DAMPED WAVE-EQUATION; HEAT AB A new analytical solution to the one-dimensional delayed diffusion equation is derived in terms of the Lambert W-function. A new critical value of the thermal lag time parameter is also noted. The effects of varying this parameter are examined using numerical methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60456-752-6 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 325 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BMS57 UT WOS:000273476100018 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI The Resurrection and Collapse of Empire in Habsburg Serbia, 1914-1918 Introduction SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 44 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900001 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI Facing a Serb Levee en Masse: The Habsburg Army and War on Civilians in 1914 SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 27 EP 61 PG 35 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900002 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI Eradicating National Politics in Occupied Serbia SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 62 EP 104 PG 43 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900003 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI Legal Severity, International Law, and the Tottering Empire in Occupied Serbia SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 105 EP 141 PG 37 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900004 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI Food as Salvation: Food Supply, the Monarchy, and Serbia, 1916-1918 SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 142 EP 192 PG 51 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900005 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI A Levee en Masse Nation No More? Guerrilla War in Habsburg Serbia SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 193 EP 230 PG 38 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900006 ER PT J AU Gumz, JE AF Gumz, Jonathan E. BA Gumz, JE BF Gumz, JE TI The Resurrection and Collapse of Empire in Habsburg Serbia, 1914-1918 Conclusion SO RESURRECTION AND COLLAPSE OF EMPIRE IN HABSBURG SERBIA, 1914-1918 SE Cambridge Military Histories LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gumz, Jonathan E.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Gumz, Jonathan E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gumz, JE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89627-6 J9 CAMBRIDGE MIL HIST PY 2009 BP 231 EP 248 PG 18 WC History SC History GA BBU11 UT WOS:000308168900007 ER PT S AU Lipkowitz, KB AF Lipkowitz, Kenny B. BE Lipkowitz, KB Cundari, TR TI Reviews in Computational Chemistry 27 Preface SO REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 26 SE Reviews in Computational Chemistry LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lipkowitz, Kenny B.] Off Naval Res, 875 North Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lipkowitz, KB (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 North Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM kenny.lipkowitz@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1069-3599 BN 978-0-470-39954-5; 978-0-470-38839-6 J9 REV COMP CH JI Rev. Comput. Chem. PY 2009 VL 26 BP V EP XII D2 10.1002/9780470399545 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BE4XC UT WOS:000372186400001 ER PT S AU Chao, CC Garland, DL Dasch, GA Ching, WM AF Chao, Chien-Chung Garland, Donita L. Dasch, Gregory A. Ching, Wei-Mei BE Hechemy, KE Brouqui, P Samuel, JE Raoult, DA TI Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Antibiotic-Sensitive and Insensitive Isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi SO RICKETTSIOLOGY AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY MAY 18-20, 2008 CL Marseilles, FRANCE DE Orientia tsutsugamushi; Proteomic; antibiotic sensitive ID SCRUB TYPHUS; RESISTANCE AB Scrub typhus, caused by infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, is probably the most common severe rickettsial disease. Early diagnosis followed by treatment with antibiotics such as doxycycline or chloramphenicol usually quickly decreases fever in patients, and they often recover well from other symptoms of the disease. However, poorly responsive cases have been reported from northern Thailand and southern India. In order to identify protein factors that may be partially responsible for differential drug sensitivity of isolates of Orientia, we compared the protein profiles of doxycycline sensitive (Karp) versus (vs.) insensitive (AFSC4 and AFSC7) isolates. Tryptic peptides from both total water-soluble proteins and from protein spots separated by 2D-PAGE were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The identity of each protein was established using the published genomic sequence of Boryong strain O. tsutsugamushi. The profiles of protein released into water from these isolates were quite different. There were 10 proteins detected only in AFSC4, 3 only in Karp, and I only in AFSC7. Additionally, there were 2 proteins not detected only in AFSC4,4 not found only in Karp, and 3 not found only in AFSC-7. A comparison of 2D-PAGE protein profiles of drug sensitive strain versus (vs.) insensitive isolates has led to the identification of 14 differentially expressed or localized proteins, including elongation factor Ts and Tu, DNA-directed RNA polymerase alpha-subunit, ATP synthase beta-subunit, and several hypothetical proteins. These data confirm the tremendous proteomic diversity of isolates of Orientia and suggest that drug insensitivity in this species may arise from multiple mechanisms. C1 [Chao, Chien-Chung; Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, VRDD, IDD, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Garland, Donita L.] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dasch, Gregory A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ching, Wei-Mei] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), USN, VRDD, IDD, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chien-chung.chao@med.navy.mil RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 FU Work Unit Number (WUN [6000.RAD1.J.A0310] FX The authors wish to thank Ms. Kynita Winn for her help in 2D-PAGE analysis and Dr. Paul Graf for his review of the manuscript. This work was Supported by Work Unit Number (WUN) 6000.RAD1.J.A0310. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy, the naval service at large, the Department of Defense, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the U. S. Government. Authors C. C. Chao, G. A. Dasch, and W M. Ching are employees of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of official duties. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-750-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1166 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04525.x PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Parasitology GA BJV56 UT WOS:000267264400003 PM 19538261 ER PT B AU Roussev, V Garfinkel, SL AF Roussev, Vassil Garfinkel, Simson L. GP IEEE Computer Soc TI File Fragment Classification-The Case for Specialized Approaches SO SADFE 2009: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO DIGITAL FORENSIC ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering SADFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering CY MAY 21, 2009 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE AB Increasingly advances in file carving, memory analysis and network forensics requires the ability to identify the underlying type of a file given only a file fragment. Work to date on this problem has relied on identification of specific byte sequences in file headers and footers, and the use of statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms taken from the middle of the file. We argue that these approaches are fundamentally flawed because they fail to consider the inherent internal structure in widely used file types such as PDF, DOC, and ZIP. We support our argument with a bottom-up examination of some popular formats and an analysis of TK PDF files. Based on our analysis, we argue that specialized methods targeted to each specific file type will be necessary to make progress in this area. C1 [Roussev, Vassil] Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roussev, V (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM vassil@cs.uno.edu; slgarfin@nps.edu NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3792-4 J9 INT WORK SYS APPR D PY 2009 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1109/SADFE.2009.21 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN33 UT WOS:000275055800001 ER PT J AU Danko, JR Gilliland, WR Miller, RS Decker, CF AF Danko, Janine R. Gilliland, William R. Miller, R. Scott Decker, Catherine F. TI Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab therapy SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SKIN INFECTIONS AB Tumor necrosis factor- inhibitors are important adjunctive therapies for rheumatologic diseases. These agents increase the risk for granulomatous disease. We present a case of a woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis on infliximab who developed multiple nodular skin lesions. Biopsies grew Mycobacterium marinum. New lesions developed through therapy, necessitating surgical debulking. C1 [Danko, Janine R.] USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gilliland, William R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Miller, R. Scott] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Decker, Catherine F.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Danko, JR (reprint author), USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3N25, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM janine.danko@med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0036-5548 EI 1651-1980 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 252 EP 255 AR PII 909259105 DI 10.1080/00365540902774599 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 418GP UT WOS:000264137000002 PM 19266397 ER PT S AU Normand, E Grant, K Ioup, E Sample, J AF Normand, Eric Grant, Kevin Ioup, Elias Sample, John BE Winslett, M TI Improving Relation Extraction by Exploiting Properties of the Target Relation SO SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP LATG, Diamond Data Syst, Sun Microsyst, NOVACES, Univ New Orleans AB In this paper we demonstrate and quantify the advantage gained by allowing relation extraction algorithms to make use of information about the cardinality of the target, relation. The two algorithms presented herein differ only in their assumption about the nature of the target relation (one-to-many or many-to-many). The algorithms are tested on the same relation to show the degree of advantage gained by their differing assumptions. Comparison of the performance of the two algorithms oil a one-to-many domain demonstrates the existence of several, previously undocumented behaviors which can he used to improve the performance of relation extraction algorithms. The first is a distinct, inverted u-shape in the initial portion of the recall Curve of the many-to-many algorithm. The second is that, as the number of seeds increases, the rate of improvement of the two algorithms descreases to approach the rate at which new information is added via the seeds. C1 [Normand, Eric; Grant, Kevin; Ioup, Elias; Sample, John] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Normand, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM enormand@nrlssc.navy.mil; kevin.grant.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil; eioup@nrlssc.navy.mil; john.sample@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02278-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5566 BP 553 EP 561 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BKL72 UT WOS:000268444900037 ER PT J AU Calistes, R Swaminathan, S Murthy, TG Huang, C Saldana, C Shankar, MR Chandrasekar, S AF Calistes, R. Swaminathan, S. Murthy, T. G. Huang, C. Saldana, C. Shankar, M. R. Chandrasekar, S. TI Controlling gradation of surface strains and nanostructuring by large-strain machining SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Surfaces; Nanostructure; Severe plastic deformation; Machining ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; EXTRUSION; TITANIUM; COPPER; TEMPERATURE; LAYERS AB Direct measurement of the deformation field associated with the creation of a machined surface shows that the strains in the surface and chip are large and essentially equal. This is supported by microstructure and hardness data. By interpreting these results in the framework of an upper bound model for the deformation, control of severe plastic deformation parameters on the machined surface is seen to be feasible, suggesting interesting opportunities for nano- and microscale engineering of surface microstructures by machining. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Calistes, R.; Murthy, T. G.; Huang, C.; Saldana, C.; Chandrasekar, S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, Ctr Mat Proc & Tribol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Swaminathan, S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shankar, M. R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Chandrasekar, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, Ctr Mat Proc & Tribol, 315 N Grant St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chandy@ecn.purdue.edu RI Huang, Chih-Yung/D-9059-2012; OI Shankar, M. Ravi/0000-0001-9608-6627 FU NSF [CMMI 0626047, CMMI 0654250] FX This work was supported in part by the NSF via grants CMMI 0626047 and CMMI 0654250. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.08.027 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 406QX UT WOS:000263311100004 ER PT J AU Cove, DA AF Cove, David A. TI Navigation Vision 2025: Charting The Future of Naval Navigation SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cove, DA (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 404KV UT WOS:000263151400002 ER PT B AU Moreno-Insertis, F Galsgaard, K Ugarte-Urra, I AF Moreno-Insertis, F. Galsgaard, K. Ugarte-Urra, I. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI X-Ray Jets in Coronal Holes: Numerical Simulation and Hinode Observations SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID EMERGING FLUX; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MODEL AB We report on our recent 3D numerical models of the launching of hot, high-speed jets in a coronal hole following the emergence of magnetized plasma from the solar interior. As part of the same research, we have also analyzed Hinode (EIS and XRT) and Soho-MDI observational data of an actual process of flux emergence followed by jet launching in a coronal hole. From the observations, we reconstruct the magnetic topology at the emergence site and calculate velocity and further physical properties of the observed event. The 3D model was calculated for realistic conditions in a coronal hole, including, in particular, a low-density (10(8) particles cm(-3)), high Alfven speed plasma prior to the emergence. After emergence, a ribbon-like current sheet is created at the site of collision of the emerging and preexisting magnetic systems. Field line reconnection ensues, which leads to the ejection of the X-Ray jet. We analyze the global magnetic topology, and the temperature, velocity and current distribution in the 3D experiment. The numerical results provide a good match to the observed features of the coronal hole jets. This is meant regarding both our own observational results as well as the ranges and average values of the statistical study by Savcheva et al. (2007). C1 [Moreno-Insertis, F.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Moreno-Insertis, F.] Univ La Laguna, Fac Phys, Dept Astrophys, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Galsgaard, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ugarte-Urra, I.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moreno-Insertis, F (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. EM Fmi@iac.es; iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009 FU European Commission via the SOLAIRE Marie Curie Network [(MTR)-CT-2006-035484]; Spanish Ministry of Research and Innovation [AYA2007-66502, CSD2007-00050] FX Financial support by the European Commission via the SOLAIRE Marie Curie Network (MTR)-CT-2006-035484 and by the Spanish Ministry of Research and Innovation through projects AYA2007-66502 and CSD2007-00050 are gratefully acknowleded, as are the computer resources, technical expertise and assitance provided by the MareNostrum (BSC/CNS,Spain) and LaPalma (IAC/RES, Spain)supercomputer installations. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 51 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000009 ER PT B AU Ugarte-Urra, I Warren, HP Brooks, DH AF Ugarte-Urra, I. Warren, H. P. Brooks, D. H. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Hinode Coronal Loop Observations SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SOLAR CORONA; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; TRACE OBSERVATIONS; FILTER; MISSION; TIME; ELEMENTARY; TELESCOPE AB Coronal loops are the building blocks of the solar atmosphere. Understanding their mechanism of formation means understanding the mechanism responsible for heating the solar corona. The properties of coronal loops are only partially established. Several issues such as the relationship among structures seen at different temperatures, the temperature distribution of the emission, or the degree of filamentation within a volume remain under discussion. Hinode, as the new generation solar observatory, provides the best suited diagnostics to address some of these issues. We demonstrate that this is the case using a case study, AR 10978, and encourage systematic studies of larger samples as solar activity increases. Results for AR 10978 are consistent with loops rooted in highly dynamic unipolar magnetic field areas made of multiple strands that get heated to at least 2.5 MK, and cool down rather coherently to transition region temperatures. C1 [Ugarte-Urra, I.; Warren, H. P.; Brooks, D. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave NW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000045 ER PT B AU Antolin, P Shibata, K Kudoh, T Shiota, D Brooks, D AF Antolin, P. Shibata, K. Kudoh, T. Shiota, D. Brooks, D. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Alfven Wave and Nanoflare Reconnection Heating: How to Distinguish Them Observationally? SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID SOLAR CORONA; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE; FLOWS; LOOPS; MODEL AB Alfven waves can dissipate their energy by means of nonlinear mechanisms, and constitute good candidates to heat and maintain the solar corona to the observed few million degrees. Another appealing candidate is nanoflare reconnection heating, in which energy is released through many small magnetic reconnection events. Distinguishing the observational features of each mechanism is an extremely difficult task. By setting up a 1.5D MHD model of a loop we test both heating mechanisms and derive observational quantities. The obtained coronae differ in many aspects; for instance, in the flow patterns along the loop, flow velocities, and the simulated intensity profile that Hinode/XRT would observe. The heating events in the loop exhibit power-law distributions in frequency, whose indexes differ considerably depending on the heating mechanism and its location along the loop. We thus test the observational signatures of the power-law index as a diagnostic tool for the above coronal heating mechanisms. C1 [Antolin, P.; Shibata, K.] Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. [Antolin, P.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Kudoh, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Shiota, D.] JAM STEC, Earth Simulator Ctr, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 2360001, Japan. [Brooks, D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brooks, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. RP Antolin, P (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. EM antolin@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp; shibata@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Technology, and Culture of Japan; [17GS0208]; [Altix3700 BX2] FX This work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergencefrom the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research, The Basic Study of Space Weather Prediction(17GS0208; Head Investigator: K. Shibata) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Technology, and Culture of Japan. The numerical calculations were carried out on Altix3700 BX2 at YITP in Kyoto University. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 247 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000046 ER PT B AU Tripathi, D Mason, HE Dwivedi, BN Del Zanna, G Young, PR AF Tripathi, D. Mason, H. E. Dwivedi, B. N. Del Zanna, G. Young, P. R. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Diagnostics of Active Region Loops Observed with Hinode/EIS SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI AB The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode provides us with an excellent opportunity to study the physical parameters in spatially resolved coronal structures. In this paper we have carried out a study of active region loops using observations from the EIS. The active region was observed on 2007 Ma 19 using the 1 '' slit of EIS. At coronal temperatures, we find that electron densities measured from,Fe XII and Si X line ratios decrease along the loop length, being approximate to 10(10) cm(-3) at foot point and approximate to 10(8.5) cm(-3) at a height of about 75 Mm. However, the electron densities measured from the Mg VII line ratios (at a transition region temperature) show significantly lower values at the foot point. The electron temperature along the loop increases with height from approximate to 0.8 MK (at foot point) to approximate to 1.5 MK (at a height of 75 Mm). The temperature diagnostics using EM-loci at different locations along the loop show that the loop is "nearly isothermal" or "mildly multi-thermal" along the LOS. These measurements provide important constraints on the theoretical modelling of coronal loops. C1 [Tripathi, D.; Mason, H. E.; Del Zanna, G.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Dwivedi, B. N.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Young, P. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Tripathi, D (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM dkt@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; hm11@damtp.cam.ac.uk; gdz@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; pry.home@gmail.com FU STFC FX DT, HEM, and GDZ acknowledge support from STFC. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 260 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000049 ER PT B AU Ko, YK Doschek, GA Warren, HP Young, PR AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Doschek, George A. Warren, Harry P. Young, Peter R. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Ultra-Hot Plasma in Active Regions Observed by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI AB We present a specific algorithm to extract the Ca XVII lambda 192.858 line from the blending with two Fe XI and six O V lines in the Hinode/EIS data. This is a review of the work to be published by Ko et al. (2009). We demonstrate that the Ca XVII line can be satisfactorily extracted from the blend if the Ca XVII emission contributes to at least 10% of the blend. This Ca XVII line, with formation temperature at 6 million degrees, is thus a viable line in the EIS data to probe the thermal structure in non-flaring active regions at its high temperature end and provides valuable constraints for coronal heating models. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Doschek, George A.; Warren, Harry P.; Young, Peter R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674YKK,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yko@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; george.doschek@nrl.navy.mil; pry.home@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000053 ER PT B AU Mariska, JT AF Mariska, John T. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Doppler Shift Oscillations Observed with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB This contribution reports on the detection of Doppler-shift oscillations in an active region observed on 2007 August 22-23. The oscillations, which have a much lower amplitude than those observed with earlier instruments, have periods of 7 to 10 min. These observations include density-sensitive emission lines and oscillations are also present in the derived densities. EIS is capable of detecting coronal velocity fluctuations with amplitudes of less than 0.5 km s(-1) with short integration times in strong coronal lines, potentially allowing access to a much richer range of coronal oscillatory phenomena than has been available with earlier instruments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7673,Code 7674YKK,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000055 ER PT B AU Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I DeGiorgi, A AF Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio DeGiorgi, Amanda BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI The Temperature Structure of Active Region Loops SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID CORONAL-EXPLORER AB Previous solar observations have shown that coronal loops near 1MK are difficult to reconcile with simple heating models. These loops have lifetimes that are long relative to a radiative cooling time and densities that are large relative to thermodynamic equilibrium. Models proposed to explain these properties generally rely on the existence of small scale filaments that are in various stages of heating and cooling, suggesting a distribution of temperatures within a loop. We present the observation of an evolving coronal loop observed with EIS/Hinode and TRACE. This loop has a high density, a narrow distribution of temperatures, and a lifetime that is long relative to a radiative cooling time. These properties will be difficult to reconcile with physical models of coronal loops. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; DeGiorgi, Amanda] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000060 ER PT B AU Del Zanna, G Andretta, V Poletto, G Teriaca, L Ko, YK Mason, HE Vourdilas, A Bemporad, A Magri, M AF Del Zanna, G. Andretta, V. Poletto, G. Teriaca, L. Ko, Y. -K. Mason, H. E. Vourdilas, A. Bemporad, A. Magri, M. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Multi-Instrument Campaigns to Observe the Off-Limb Corona SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION AB We briefly describe two multi-instrument campaigns we coordinated to observe the off-limb corona in 2007, with some preliminary results. The first one (Hinode HOP 7) was a SOHO/Himode/TRACE/STEREO/Ulysses week-long campaign during the SOHO-Ulysses quadrature in 2007 May. We could not achieve all of our goals, however we were very fortunate in that the "Del Zarma" active region appeared on the Sun at the right longitude, and that a filament eruption and a CME were observed. Of particular significance is the finding of large (100 km s(-1)) non-thermal broadenings in all coronal lines observed by Hinode/EIS in the region where the filament was erupting. The second campaign (Hinode HOP 44) involved SOHO (CDS, SUMER, UVCS), Hinode, and TRACE to measure the physical parameters of plume/interplume regions in the polar coronal holes from the low corona to 1.7 solar radii, on 30/10-4/11. We obtained a good set of observations, however various instrumental constraints and the lack of fully developed plumes limited our goals. C1 [Del Zanna, G.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Andretta, V.; Magri, M.] INAF Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Poletto, G.] INAF Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Teriaca, L.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Ko, Y. -K.; Vourdilas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.] DAMTP, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Bemporad, A.] INAF Osserv Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. RP Del Zanna, G (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gdz@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; teriaca@mpi.mpg.de; yko@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; hmll@damtp.cam.ac.uk; bemporad@oato.inaf.it OI Bemporad, Alessandro/0000-0001-5796-5653 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 315 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000062 ER PT B AU Bemporad, A Del Zanna, G Andretta, V Magri, M Poletto, G Ko, YK AF Bemporad, A. Del Zanna, G. Andretta, V. Magri, M. Poletto, G. Ko, Y. -K. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI An Erupting Filament and Associated CME Observed by Hinode, STEREO and SOHO SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB A multi-spacecraft campaign was set up in May 2007 to observe the off-limb corona with Hinode, STEREO and SOHO instruments (Hinode HOP 7). During this campaign, a filament eruption and a coronal mass ejection (CME) occurred on May 9 from NOAA 10953 at the West limb. The filament eruption starts around 13:40 UT and results in a CME at 4 degrees SW latitude. Remarkably, the event was observed by STEREO (EUVI and COR1) and by the Hinode/EIS and SOHO/UVCS spectrometers. We present results from all these instruments. High-cadence data from Stereo/EUVI A and B in the He II lambda 304 line were used to study the 3-D expansion of the filament. A slow rising phase, during which the filament moved southward, was followed by an impulsive phase during which the filament appeared to change direction and then contribute to the westward-expanding CME as seen in STEREO/COR 1. Hinode/EIS was scanning with the 2" slit the region where the filament erupted. The EIS spectra show remarkable non-thermal broadening in lines emitted at different temperatures at the location of the filament eruption. The CME was also observed by the SOHO/UVCS instrument: the spectrograph slit was centered at 1.7 solar radii, at a latitude of 5 degrees SW and recorded a sudden increase in the O VI lambda lambda 1032 - 1037 and Si XII lambda 520 spectral line intensities. We discuss the overall morphology of this interesting eruptive event, and provide a preliminary assessment of its temperature and density structure. C1 [Bemporad, A.] INAF Torino Astron Obs, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Del Zanna, G.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Andretta, V.; Magri, M.] INAF Capodimonte Astron Obs, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Poletto, G.] INAF Arcelri Astrophys Obs, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Ko, Y. -K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bemporad, A (reprint author), INAF Torino Astron Obs, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. EM bemporad@oato.inaf.it; gdz@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; yko@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Bemporad, Alessandro/0000-0001-5796-5653 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 385 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000075 ER EF