FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Berger, MT Ghosh, D AF Berger, Mark T. Ghosh, Devleena TI Geopolitics and the Cold War Developmental State in Asia: From the Culture of National Development to the Development of National Culture in Independent India SO GEOPOLITICS LA English DT Article AB Contrary to the view of some observers who insist that the Cold War was of limited or no relevance to the transition from colonies to nation-states after 1945 we argue that the geopolitics of the Cold War played a crucial role in shaping the character and direction of the trajectories of nation-states in Asia, if not the erstwhile Third World as a whole. More particularly, the geopolitics of the Cold War provided the crucial backdrop for the rise and fall of developmental nationalism, while the post-Cold War era has set the scene for an array of cultural nationalisms. These issues are explored with a particular focus on India. The case of India makes clear that it is impossible to separate the emergence of new nation-states and their success or failure after 1945 from the geopolitics of the Cold War. It will also make clear that the shifting geopolitics of the end of the Cold War reinforced the demise of developmental nationalism. Since the late 1980s, the problems facing the nation-states of the former Third World, are being played out in a geo-political context, which includes an important shift from developmental nationalisms to cultural nationalisms, while the nation-state system itself is sliding deeper into crisis against the backdrop of the global framework of 'genuinely existing' liberal capitalism and the changing geopolitics of the early twenty-first century. C1 [Berger, Mark T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ghosh, Devleena] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 210, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu RI Ghosh, Devleena/N-7387-2015 OI Ghosh, Devleena/0000-0001-9096-5954 NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-0045 J9 GEOPOLITICS JI Geopolitics PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 586 EP 605 AR PII 926315818 DI 10.1080/14650040903501096 PG 20 WC Geography; Political Science SC Geography; Government & Law GA 644GB UT WOS:000281360700008 ER PT J AU Berger, MT AF Berger, Mark T. TI Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective SO GEOPOLITICS LA English DT Book Review ID TRANSNATIONAL STATE; SOCIAL-THEORY C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 210, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-0045 J9 GEOPOLITICS JI Geopolitics PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 636 EP 642 AR PII 926312347 DI 10.1080/14650040903501146 PG 7 WC Geography; Political Science SC Geography; Government & Law GA 644GB UT WOS:000281360700011 ER PT S AU Guth, PL AF Guth, P. L. GP ISPRS TI GEOMORPHOMETRIC COMPARISON OF ASTER GDEM AND SRTM SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE ASTER; GDEM; SRTM; Digital Elevation Model AB The ASTER GDEM purports to be the highest resolution global digital elevation model, with 30 m spacings (actually 1 arc second). We have compared the GDEM with SRTM 3 arc second data for 52 locations in Europe and North America, using NextMap IFSAR DSM and DTM pairs for absolute calibration. In addition, for the 6 North American sites we have also compared the GDEM with NED and CDED cartographic DEMs, and with SRTM 1 second data. For each European site we have 4 DEMs to compare, and in North America we have up to 7 DEMs because for some area we have three resolutions of NED. For each test area we computed the elevation and slope distributions, as well as other geomorphometric parameters, which allows us to compare GDEM to similar resolution SRTM and NED or CDED, as well as higher resolution NED and NextMap data. For a descriptive comparison, we looked at shaded reflectance maps, which generally provide a better depiction of the terrain than simple elevation maps, and at the same time highlight quality issues in the DEM, and we created topographic profiles using all the DEMs for each area. At its best, we found that GDEM is essentially equivalent to SRTM 3 second data, and that like SRTM 1 arc second, the 30 m spacing claimed for GDEM does not match 30 m or 1 second cartographic DEMs but closely approximates 3 arc second cartographic DEMs at 9 times the storage cost. Much of GDEM, perhaps up to 20% of the data tiles, has data anomalies that degrade its use for most applications, and we suggest using SRTM preferentially. The challenge for global DEMs continues to be creation of a consistent DEM with complete coverage and no data anomalies, but a free, global DEM with 2-3 arc second resolution should be achievable with careful processing of SRTM and GDEM, perhaps in tandem. C1 [Guth, P. L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pguth@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900031 ER PT S AU Lim, TW Tasker, FA Delahunt, PG AF Lim, Tae W. Tasker, Frederick A. DeLaHunt, Paul G. BE McQuerry, SC TI THE JOINT MILLI-ARCSECOND PATHFINDER SURVEY (JMAPS) INSTRUMENT FINE ATTITUDE DETERMINATION APPROACH SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2010 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2010 CL Breckenridge, CO AB Joint Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS) is a spacecraft mission that will conduct astrometric and spectrophotometric survey of the full sky to support current and future star catalog needs. A step-stare observing method will be employed for the survey. While collecting science data, instrument itself will function as a star tracker providing an unprecedented 10 milli-arcsec attitude determination accuracy (1 sigma) at a 5 Hz rate. Instrument design to support this star tracker capability is presented including the description of guide star windows and their processing. Fine attitude determination algorithms are presented that are employed to update the attitude estimate using the guide star centroid data with respect to the reference attitude which was used to place the guide star windows on the focal plane. Thanks to small guide star window sizes, a small angle attitude determination assumption is valid and allows the development of an algorithm based on the homogeneous transformation method, which has been used widely to describe kinematics of robot manipulators. Its attitude determination performance in accuracy and computational efficiency is examined and described in comparison to well known, general purpose attitude determination algorithms such as TRIAD, q-method, and QUEST. C1 [Lim, Tae W.; Tasker, Frederick A.; DeLaHunt, Paul G.] USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lim, TW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-561-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 137 BP 77 EP 92 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT40 UT WOS:000290281800008 ER PT J AU Serichantalergs, O Pootong, P Dalsgaard, A Bodhidatta, L Guerry, P Tribble, DR Anuras, S Mason, CJ AF Serichantalergs, Oralak Pootong, Piyarat Dalsgaard, Anders Bodhidatta, Ladaporn Guerry, Patricia Tribble, David R. Anuras, Sinn Mason, Carl J. TI PFGE, Lior serotype, and antimicrobial resistance patterns among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from travelers and US military personnel with acute diarrhea in Thailand, 1998-2003 SO GUT PATHOGENS LA English DT Article AB Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. In Thailand, several strains of C. jejuni have been isolated and identified as major diarrheal pathogens among adult travelers. To study the epidemiology of C. jejuni in adult travelers and U. S. military personnel with acute diarrhea in Thailand from 1998-2003, strains of C. jejuni were isolated and phenotypically identified, serotyped, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 312 C. jejuni isolates were obtained from travelers (n = 46) and U. S. military personnel (n = 266) in Thailand who were experiencing acute diarrhea. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 94.9% and 93.0% of the isolates, respectively. From 2001-2003, resistance to tetracycline (81.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (57.9%), ampicillin (28.9%), kanamycin (5.9%), sulfisoxazole (3.9%), neomycin (2.0%), and streptomycin (0.7%) was observed. Combined PFGE analysis showed considerable genetic diversity among the C. jejuni isolates; however, four PFGE clusters included isolates from the major Lior serotypes (HL: 36, HL: 11, HL: 5, and HL: 28). The PFGE analysis linked individual C. jejuni clones that were obtained at U. S. military exercises with specific antimicrobial resistance patterns. Conclusions: In summary, most human C. jejuni isolates from Thailand were multi-resistant to quinolones and tetracycline. PFGE detected spatial and temporal C. jejuni clonality responsible for the common sources of Campylobacter gastroenteritis. C1 [Serichantalergs, Oralak; Pootong, Piyarat; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn; Mason, Carl J.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Serichantalergs, Oralak; Dalsgaard, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Fac Life Sci, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Anuras, Sinn] Bumrungrad Hosp, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. RP Serichantalergs, O (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM oralaks@afrims.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 FU United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in Fort Detrick, MD, USA FX All of the study projects described herein were supported financially by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command in Fort Detrick, MD, USA. We are grateful to the National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada for providing antiserum to perform the Lior serotyping. The views expressed here are those of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the United States Department of Defense or the United States Army. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1757-4749 J9 GUT PATHOG JI Gut Pathogens PY 2010 VL 2 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1757-4749-2-15 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA V20VM UT WOS:000208167500015 PM 21062505 ER PT B AU Goshorn, RE Goshorn, DE Goshorn, JL Goshorn, LA AF Goshorn, Rachel E. Goshorn, Deborah E. Goshorn, Joshua L. Goshorn, Lawrence A. BE Nakashima, H Aghajan, H Augusto, JM TI Behavior Modeling for Detection, Identification, Prediction, and Reaction (DIPR) in AI Systems Solutions SO HANDBOOK OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND SMART ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Goshorn, Rachel E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Goshorn, Deborah E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [Goshorn, Deborah E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goshorn, Joshua L.; Goshorn, Lawrence A.] JLG Technol Inc, Pebble Beach, CA USA. RP Goshorn, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-93807-3 PY 2010 BP 669 EP 700 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-93808-0_25 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-93808-0 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BLW77 UT WOS:000271238000025 ER PT B AU Sarasvathy, SD Dew, N Velamuri, SR Venkataraman, S AF Sarasvathy, Saras D. Dew, Nicholas Velamuri, S. Ramakrishna Venkataraman, Sankaran BE Acs, ZJ Audretsch, DB TI Three Views of Entrepreneurial Opportunity SO HANDBOOK OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SURVEY AND INTRODUCTION, SECOND ED SE International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INNOVATION; KNOWLEDGE; MARKET; DISCOVERY C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras D.; Venkataraman, Sankaran] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Velamuri, S. Ramakrishna] China Europe Int Business Sch, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Sarasvathy, SD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM sarasvathys@darden.virginia.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1190-2 J9 INT HANDB SER ENTREP PY 2010 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9 PG 20 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BQT58 UT WOS:000281800800004 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Introduction and Motivation SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID COMPUTING MACHINES; SYSTEMS; HARDWARE AB From Bluetooth transceivers to the NASA Mars Rover, FPGAs have become one of the mainstays of embedded system design. By merging properties of hardware and software, reconfigurable devices provide an attractive tradeoff between the performance of application-specific hardware and the programmability of CPUs. Although this flexibility allows developers to quickly prototype and deploy embedded systems with performance close to ASICs, this programmability can also be exploited to disrupt critical functionality, eavesdrop on encrypted communication, or even destroy a chip. Creating systems which are both efficient and flexible, yet fundamentally sound from a security point of view, is an exceedingly challenging endeavor for both researchers and practitioners. All too often the security aspects of a reconfigurable design are not addressed until far too late in the design process, resulting in systems that are protected only by their obscurity. This chapter presents an overview of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies from the viewpoint of security, specifically how and why these devices have grown in importance over the last decade to become one of the most trusted and critical elements of modern computer systems. This chapter also discusses their changing role from a platform for prototyping to a deployable solution, the architecture of a modern FPGA, the security ramifications of their increased use, and some of the lessons from the security community that may be applicable in this domain. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200001 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI High Assurance Software Lessons and Techniques SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROTECTION; SECURITY; MODEL; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB To understand the principles needed to manage security in FPGA designs, this chapter presents lessons learned from the development of high assurance systems. These principles include risk assessment, threat models, policy enforcement, lifecycle management, assessment criteria, configuration control, and development environments. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 70 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 44 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200002 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Hardware Security Challenges SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter discusses the problem of malicious hardware, or gateware, on FPGAs. Categories of malicious hardware, the problem of foundry trust, and attacks facilitated by malicious inclusions are presented. This chapter also explains the problem of covert channels on FPGAs, with a formal definition of a covert channel in general and a description of the specific case of covert channels on FPGAs. Methods for detecting and mitigating these covert channels are also described. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200003 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI FPGA Updates and Programmability SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter explains the security issues related to the programmability of FPGAs. FPGAs have the ability to change part or all of their configuration during runtime in the field. This chapter also explains how to prevent attackers from exploiting these features. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200004 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Memory Protection on FPGAs SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter describes a memory access policy language (Huffmire et al., Proceedings of the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), Hamburg, Germany, September 2006), based on formal regular languages, and demonstrates how this language can express classical security policies, including isolation, controlled sharing, and Chinese wall. This chapter also describes a policy compiler (Huffmire et al., Proceedings of the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), Hamburg, Germany, September 2006) that translates an access policy expressed in this language into a synthesizeable hardware module. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 126 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200005 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Spatial Separation with Moats SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS AB This chapter describes moats and drawbridges (Huffmire et al., Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland, CA, USA, May 2007), a method for separating multiple cores on a single reconfigurable chip. Moats provide logical isolation by placing cores into distinct areas of the chip in a verifiable manner. Drawbridges use interconnect tracing to statically verify that only legal connections between system elements are allowed and that interfaces carrying sensitive data have not been tapped or routed to other cores or I/O pads. To facilitate legal communication between cores, two alternative communication architectures are compared. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200006 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Putting It All Together: A Design Example SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter describes a design example that incorporates the security primitives from the earlier chapters. This embedded system is connected to two separate networks that require encryption. It consists of two processor cores and a shared AES encryption core, all on the same device. Further details about a similar system can be found in Huffmire et al. (ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. (TODAES) 13(3):44, 2008). C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200007 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Forward-Looking Problems SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter considers forward looking problems, including trustworthy tools, formal verification of hardware designs, configuration management, languages, physical attacks, design theft, and securing the entire manufacturing supply chain. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200008 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T AF Huffmire, Ted Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Sherwood, Timothy BA Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T BF Huffmire, T Irvine, C Nguyen, TD Levin, T Kastner, R Sherwood, T TI Computer Architecture Fundamentals SO HANDBOOK OF FPGA DESIGN SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB No book dealing with FPGAs and embedded systems would be complete without a discussion of computer architecture. To better understand the hardware-oriented security methods presented in this book, this appendix discusses the fundamental concepts of computer architecture that are applicable to FPGAs, ASICs, and CPUs. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Cunningham Rd 1411, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu; tdhuffmi@nps.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9156-7 PY 2010 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9157-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPU99 UT WOS:000280058200009 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA AF Kennedy, T. A. BE Chen, WM Buyanova, IA TI Dynamics of Localized Spins in Non-Magnetic Semiconductors SO HANDBOOK OF SPINTRONIC SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRON-SPIN; QUANTUM DOTS; MANIPULATION; GAAS AB Electron spin is envisioned as the useful property for new applications in electronics, optical communications and quantum information technology. Recent work on ensembles of spins in normal (non-magnetic) semiconductors motivated by this vision is reviewed in this paper. The states of the spins are initialized, controlled and read out using light of suitable energy and duration. The recent progress in theory, materials and experimental techniques is substantial. In the area of spin lifetimes, a microsecond T-2 and a millisecond T-1 have been reported in III-V semiconductors. Demonstrations of coherent population trapping and the conversion of light-polarization to electronic spin point the way toward future applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tavdkennedy@comcast.net NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-767-0 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 241 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD99 UT WOS:000288982900009 ER PT S AU Vincenzi, DA Deaton, JE Blickenderfer, EL Pray, R Williams, B Buker, TJ AF Vincenzi, Dennis A. Deaton, John E. Blickenderfer, Elizabeth L. Pray, Rick Williams, Barry Buker, Timothy J. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Measurement and Reduction of System Latency in See-Through Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) Systems SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XV: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XV - Design and Applications CY APR 08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Latency; system latency; helmet mounted displays; HMDs; simulations; simulator sickness; training; neural network; Kalman filters ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AB Future military aviation platforms such as the proposed Joint Strike Fighter F-35 will integrate helmet mounted displays (HMDs) with the avionics and weapon systems to the degree that the HMDs will become the aircraft's primary display system. In turn, training of pilot flight skills using HMDs will be essential in future training systems. In order to train these skills using simulation based training, improvements must be made in the integration of HMDs with out-the-window (OTW) simulations. Currently, problems such as latency contribute to the onset of simulator sickness and provide distractions during training with HMD simulator systems that degrade the training experience. Previous research has used Kalman predictive filters as a means of mitigating the system latency present in these systems. While this approach has yielded some success, more work is needed to develop innovative and improved strategies that reduce system latency as well as to include data collected from the user perspective as a measured variable during test and evaluation of latency reduction strategies. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper describes a new method to measure and assess system latency from the user perspective. Second, the paper describes use of the testbed to examine the efficacy of an innovative strategy that combines a customized Kalman filter with a neural network approach to mitigate system latency. Results indicate that the combined approach reduced system latency significantly when compared to baseline data and the traditional Kalman filter. Reduced latency errors should mitigate the onset of simulator sickness and ease simulator sickness symptomology. Implications for training systems will be discussed. C1 [Vincenzi, Dennis A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Vincenzi, DA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8152-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7688 AR 76880F DI 10.1117/12.850239 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSM48 UT WOS:000284936400012 ER PT S AU Wooden, W Luzum, B Stamatakos, N AF Wooden, W. Luzum, B. Stamatakos, N. BE Corbett, IF TI Current Status and Future Directions of the IERS RS/PC Predictions of UT1 SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica C1 [Wooden, W.; Luzum, B.; Stamatakos, N.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Wooden, W (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM brian.luzum@usno.navy.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 218 EP 218 DI 10.1017/S1743921310008872 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900073 ER PT S AU Marin, VMM Storchi-Bergmann, T Delgado, RMG Schmitt, HR Spinelli, P AF Munoz Marin, V. M. Storchi-Bergmann, T. Gonzalez Delgado, R. M. Schmitt, H. R. Spinelli, P. BE Diego, JM Goicoechea, LJ GonzalezSerrano, JI Gorgas, J TI Origin of the Near-UV Light in the Circumnuclear Regions of Seyfert Galaxies SO HIGHLIGHTS OF SPANISH ASTROPHYSICS V SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Scientific Meeting of the Spanish-Astronomical-Society (SEA) CY JUL 07-11, 2008 CL Univ Cantabria, Inst Fisica Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN SP Spanish Astronom Soc HO Univ Cantabria, Inst Fisica Cantabria C1 [Munoz Marin, V. M.; Gonzalez Delgado, R. M.] CSIC, Inst Astrof Andalucia, POB 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Storchi-Bergmann, T.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Schmitt, H. R.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Inter Formate Inc, Herdon, VA 20171 USA. [Spinelli, P.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. RP Marin, VMM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrof Andalucia, POB 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM manuel@iaa.es; rosa@iaa.es NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-11249-2 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 321 EP 321 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11250-8_60 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZU25 UT WOS:000302967500060 ER PT B AU Magnes, SA Ringhausen, L Seidenberg, PH AF Magnes, Scott A. Ringhausen, Lance Seidenberg, Peter H. BA Bowen, JD BF Bowen, JD BE Seidenberg, PH TI Taping and Bracing for Pelvic and Hip Injuries SO HIP AND PELVIS IN SPORTS MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPRESSION GARMENTS; ANKLE; PERFORMANCE; PROPRIOCEPTION; PLAYERS; MOTION C1 [Magnes, Scott A.] Naval Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Ringhausen, Lance] McKendree Coll, Lebanon, IL USA. [Seidenberg, Peter H.] King Med Care Inc, Bloomsburg, PA USA. RP Magnes, SA (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-5787-0 PY 2010 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5788-7_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-5788-7 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA BOZ53 UT WOS:000278108100012 ER PT B AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick E. BE Clary, TS TI OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE DESIGN FOR MODELING IMPRECISE DATA SO HORIZONS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROUGH SET TECHNIQUES; RELATIONAL DATABASE; FUZZY AB We examine fuzzy set and rough set techniques in designing an object-oriented database that can be used to represent and query imprecise data. We extend a formal framework of object-oriented databases to allow for the modeling of various types of imprecision, vagueness, and uncertainty that typically occur in spatial data. This model is based on a formal type system and specified constraints, thus preserving integrity of the database, while at the same time allowing an object-oriented database to be generalized in such a way as to include both fuzzy and rough set uncertainty, both well-developed methods of uncertainty management. Fuzzy and rough set theories are briefly overviewed, and the types of uncertainty that can be represented with each the technique is discussed. Because spatial data applications such as geographic information systems (GIS) commonly involve the need to model imprecise data and perform uncertain querying, examples from spatial database applications are given for the techniques presented. C1 [Beaubouef, Theresa] SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, SLU 10847, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-972-8 PY 2010 BP 229 EP 245 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSD72 UT WOS:000284235700007 ER PT J AU Bruder, JT Angov, E Limbach, KJ Richie, TL AF Bruder, Joseph T. Angov, Evelina Limbach, Keith J. Richie, Thomas L. TI Molecular vaccines for malaria SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Review DE malaria; vaccine; antigen; adjuvant; vaccine design; vaccine delivery; vaccine safety ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CD8(+) T-CELL; MEDIATED PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DEFECTIVE ADENOVIRUS VECTORS; DIFFERING PLASMID BACKBONES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB The basic premise of vaccination is the triggering of host immune responses leading to the induction of adaptive immunity having sufficient magnitude and duration to provide long term protection. This has been achieved by many licensed vaccines, the majority based on attenuated or inactivated organisms, although often the protective antigens and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been identified. However, this traditional approach has not led to the development of a licensed vaccine for malaria or for several other devastating infectious diseases. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on applying rational molecular design principles toward the development of novel vaccines for these refractory pathogens. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of antigen design, adjuvant advancement and the development of vaccine delivery systems as they are being applied to malaria vaccines. C1 [Bruder, Joseph T.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Angov, Evelina; Limbach, Keith J.; Richie, Thomas L.] US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Angov, Evelina] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Limbach, Keith J.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bruder, JT (reprint author), GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM jbruder@genvec.com OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU [RAD1.F.A0309] FX We thank Ashley Birkett for assistance in generating the manuscript outline, Doug Brough for his review of the entire manuscript, Sheetij Dutta, Yimin Wu and Shannon Takala for their reviews of the sections describing their laboratory's work on AMA1, David Lanar for his review of the sections on SAPNs, Blaise Genton for his review of the update on virosomes and Graham Bentley for his review of the legend for Figure 2. We are grateful to Gary Brice, Adrian Hill, Tupur Husain, David Lanar and Annie Mo for their personal communications, to Judith Epstein, Birgitte Giersing, Gregory Mullen and Vasee Moorthy for permission to republish Figure 1, to Edmond Remarque, Bart Faber and Henk van Westbroek for the original figure of the PfAMA1 crystal structure and legend in Figure 2 and to David Lanar for permission to publish the SAPN diagram and murine protection data in Figure 4. The study protocols for the clinical trials discussed in the manuscript that were performed by the US Navy or US Army were approved by the Naval Medical Research Center or Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Boards, respectively, in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. Likewise, the animal experiments reported herein that were conducted by the US Navy or US Army were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. TLR is a military service member and EA is an employee of the U. S. Government. The work of TLR and EA was prepared as part of official government duties. Title 17 U.S.C. S105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. S101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. The work of KL and TLR was supported by work unit number 6000. RAD1.F.A0309. NR 263 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 54 EP 77 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 557DT UT WOS:000274650200009 PM 20061792 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL Billingsley, PF James, E Richman, A Loyevsky, M Li, T Chakravarty, S Gunasekera, A Chattopadhyay, R Li, ML Stafford, R Ahumada, A Epstein, JE Sedegah, M Reyes, S Richie, TL Lyke, KE Edelman, R Laurens, MB Plowe, CV Sim, BKL AF Hoffman, Stephen L. Billingsley, Peter F. James, Eric Richman, Adam Loyevsky, Mark Li, Tao Chakravarty, Sumana Gunasekera, Anusha Chattopadhyay, Rana Li, Minglin Stafford, Richard Ahumada, Adriana Epstein, Judith E. Sedegah, Martha Reyes, Sharina Richie, Thomas L. Lyke, Kirsten E. Edelman, Robert Laurens, Matthew B. Plowe, Christopher V. Sim, B. Kim Lee TI Development of a metabolically active, non-replicating sporozoite vaccine to prevent Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE Malaria; malaria vaccine; Plasmodium falciparum; sporozoite; malaria immunity; pre-erythrocytic ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; STERILE IMMUNITY; STAGE MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ATTENUATED SPOROZOITES; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; SURFACE PROTEIN-2; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS AB Immunization of volunteers by the bite of mosquitoes carrying radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites protects greater than 90% of such volunteers against malaria, if adequate numbers of immunizing biting sessions and sporozoite-infected mosquitoes are used. Nonetheless, until recently it was considered impossible to develop, license and commercialize a live, whole parasite P. falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine. In 2003 Sanaria scientists reappraised the potential impact of a metabolically active, non-replicating PfSPZ vaccine, and outlined the challenges to producing such a vaccine. Six years later, significant progress has been made in overcoming these challenges. This progress has enabled the manufacture and release of multiple clinical lots of a 1(st) generation metabolically active, non-replicating PfSPZ vaccine, the Sanaria (TM) PfSPZ Vaccine, submission of a successful Investigational New Drug application to the US Food and Drug Administration, and initiation of safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies in volunteers in MD, US. Efforts are now focused on how best to achieve submission of a successful Biologics License Application and introduce the vaccine to the primary target population of African children in the shortest possible period of time. This will require implementation of a systematic, efficient clinical development plan. Short term challenges include optimizing the (1) efficiency and scale up of the manufacturing process and quality control assays, (2) dosage regimen and method of administration, ( 3) potency of the vaccine, and (4) logistics of delivering the vaccine to those who need it most, and finalizing the methods for vaccine stabilization and attenuation. A medium term goal is to design and build a facility for manufacturing highly potent and stable vaccine for pivotal Phase 3 studies and commercial launch. C1 [Hoffman, Stephen L.; Billingsley, Peter F.; James, Eric; Richman, Adam; Loyevsky, Mark; Li, Tao; Chakravarty, Sumana; Gunasekera, Anusha; Chattopadhyay, Rana; Stafford, Richard; Ahumada, Adriana; Sim, B. Kim Lee] Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Li, Minglin; Stafford, Richard; Ahumada, Adriana; Sim, B. Kim Lee] Prot Potential LLC, Rockville, MD USA. [Epstein, Judith E.; Sedegah, Martha; Reyes, Sharina; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lyke, Kirsten E.; Edelman, Robert; Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Rana] US FDA, Ctr Biol & Evaluat, Off Blood & Res Review, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. EM slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013; OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Institute for One World Health, San Francisco, CA; United States Department of Defense; PATH-Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Seattle WA; Top Institut Pharma, Leiden, the Netherlands; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command FX Funding for Sanaria's development efforts has been provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Small Business Innovation Research grant program; The Institute for One World Health, San Francisco, CA; The United States Department of Defense; The PATH-Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Seattle WA; and Top Institut Pharma, Leiden, the Netherlands. We thank David Dolberg and Alexander Hoffman for review of the manuscript and Robert C. Thompson for support throughout.; Site assessment for African trials of Sanaria (TM) PfSPZ Vaccine has been supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative. K.E.L. and C.V.P. are supported by awards from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation.; The work performed by J.E.E. and T.L.R. was supported by funds allocated to the Naval Medical Research Center by the US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. J.E.E. and T.L.R. are military service members and performed this work as part of official duties. Title 17 U.S.C.S 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C.S 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. Protocols for clinical studies were approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. Animal experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. NR 69 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 28 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 557DT UT WOS:000274650200013 PM 19946222 ER PT S AU Park, C Pattipati, KR An, W Kleinman, DL AF Park, Chulwoo Pattipati, Krishna R. An, Woosun Kleinman, David L. GP IEEE TI Quantifying the Impact of Information and Communication Structures via Distributed Auction Algorithm SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2010) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2010 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE DE Assignment problem; blackboard communication structure; distributed auction algorithm; partial information structure; point-to-point communication structure AB Task-asset assignment is a fundamental problem paradigm in a wide variety of applications. A typical problem scenario involves a single decision maker (OM) who has complete knowledge of the weight (or reward/benefit/accuracy) matrix and who can control any of the assets to execute the tasks. Motivated by planning problems arising in distributed organizations, this paper introduces a novel variation of the assignment problem, wherein there are multiple DMs and each DM knows only a part of the weight matrix and/or controls a subset of the assets. We extend the auction algorithm to such realistic settings with various partial information structures and communication structures. We show that by communicating the bid, the best and the second best profits among DMs and with a coordinator, the DMs can reconstruct the centralized assignment solution. The auction setup provides a nice analytical framework for formalizing how team members build internal models of other DMs and achieve team cohesiveness over time. C1 [Park, Chulwoo; Pattipati, Krishna R.; An, Woosun] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM chp06004@engr.uconn.edu; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; woa05001@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-1-0062. An extended version of this paper will be submitted to IEEE Trans. on SMC Part A: Systems and Humans. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-6588-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BWU85 UT WOS:000295015301075 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Metrics for Mitigating Cybersecurity Threats to Networks SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Computer crime; Internet; Forecasting; Data mining; Databases; network security; cybersecurity metrics; networks AB To achieve their full potential, networks must be secure as well as functional. With this in mind, the author identifies metrics designed to mitigate vulnerabilities to cyberattacks in networks that are key to the critical infrastructure of the US. He discusses both growth metrics - based on data obtained from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Homeland Security vulnerability database - and metrics designed to mitigate the risk of security vulnerabilities in networks. If used together, these two types of metrics can help make networks more secure. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1109/MIC.2010.14 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 540NS UT WOS:000273340500020 ER PT J AU Mahmoudian, N Geisbert, J Woolsey, C AF Mahmoudian, Nina Geisbert, Jesse Woolsey, Craig TI Approximate Analytical Turning Conditions for Underwater Gliders: Implications for Motion Control and Path Planning SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Motion control; path planning; steady motion; underwater glider ID POSITIONS; MODEL; CAR AB This paper describes analysis of steady motions for underwater gliders, a type of highly efficient underwater vehicle which uses gravity for propulsion. Underwater gliders are winged underwater vehicles which locomote by modulating their buoyancy and their attitude. Several underwater gliders have been developed and have proven their worth as efficient long-distance, long-duration ocean sampling platforms. Underwater gliders are so efficient because they spend much of their flight time in stable, steady motion. Wings-level gliding flight for underwater gliders has been well studied, but analysis of steady turning flight is more subtle. This paper presents an approximate analytical expression for steady turning motion for a realistic underwater glider model. The problem is formulated in terms of regular perturbation theory, with the vehicle turn rate as the perturbation parameter. The resulting solution exhibits a special structure that suggests an efficient approach to motion control as well as a planning strategy for energy efficient paths. C1 [Mahmoudian, Nina; Woolsey, Craig] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Geisbert, Jesse] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Mahmoudian, N (reprint author), Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ninam@vt.edu; jesse.geisbert@navy.mil; cwoolsey@vt.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0012] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-08-1-0012. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1109/JOE.2009.2039655 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 553UD UT WOS:000274391400012 ER PT J AU Jalli, J Hong, YK Lee, JJ Abo, GS Park, JH Lane, AM Kim, SG Erwin, SC AF Jalli, Jeevan Hong, Yang-Ki Lee, Jae-Jin Abo, Gavin S. Park, Ji-Hoon Lane, Alan M. Kim, Seong-Gon Erwin, Steven C. TI Conversion of Worm-Shaped Antiferromagnetic Hematite to Ferrimagnetic Spherical Barium-Ferrite Nanoparticles for Particulate Recording Media SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Information storage; barium ferrite; dynamic remanent coercivity; particulate recording media; thermal stability AB We used a modified, two-step hydrothermal process to produce worm-shaped antiferromagnetic hematite-barium iron oxide particles and converted them to 25-45 nm spherical ferrimagnetic barium-ferrite (S-BaFe) nanoparticles for high-density magnetic recording media application. Saturation magnetization and coercivity of the S-BaFe nanoparticles were 50.7 emu/g and 4311 Oe, respectively. The thermal stability of KuV/k(B)T approximate to 81 was estimated for the S-BaFe nanoparticles from time-dependent remanent coercivity measurements. C1 [Jalli, Jeevan; Hong, Yang-Ki; Lee, Jae-Jin; Abo, Gavin S.; Park, Ji-Hoon] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Jalli, Jeevan; Hong, Yang-Ki; Lee, Jae-Jin; Abo, Gavin S.; Park, Ji-Hoon; Lane, Alan M.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lane, Alan M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Kim, Seong-Gon] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hong, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM ykhong@eng.ua.edu FU Information Storage Industry Consortium; ONR FX This work was supported by Information Storage Industry Consortium and partly supported by ONR. The authors would like to thank M. P. Sharrock of Imation for his encouragement and helpful discussions. They would also like to thank S. Bae of MINT Center, University of Alabama. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 AR 4500204 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2010.2087315 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V31VD UT WOS:000208910200014 ER PT S AU Calusdian, J Yun, XP Drakopoulos, L AF Calusdian, James Yun, Xiaoping Drakopoulos, Leonidas GP IEEE TI Testing and Evaluation of an Inertial/Magnetic Sensor-Based Pen Input Device SO IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 18-22, 2010 CL Taipei, TAIWAN AB Testing and evaluation of a novel pen input device are presented in this paper. The pen input device could be used to write on any type of surface including desktops, blackboards, or in the air. It is constructed by attaching an inertial/magnetic sensor module to a writing instrument such as a pencil, a marker, or a piece of chalk. The inertial/magnetic sensor module has three accelerometers, three angular rate sensors, and three magnetometers. A tracking algorithm and a calibration algorithm are described. The tracking algorithm is for estimating the pen tip trajectories based on the sensor measurements, and the calibration algorithm is for estimating the relative position of the sensor module on the writing instrument. Experimental results for writing alphanumeric characters are presented. The relationship between tracking accuracy and writing speed is also discussed. C1 [Calusdian, James; Yun, Xiaoping] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Calusdian, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4244-6675-7 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2010 BP 5232 EP 5237 DI 10.1109/IROS.2010.5653798 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BTO97 UT WOS:000287672001016 ER PT J AU Hempel, CG AF Hempel, Christian G. TI Sequential Track Initialization with Page's Test SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH RADAR DETECTION; HOUGH TRANSFORM; PERFORMANCE AB A new track initialization method for remote sensing systems that uses the amplitudes of the measurements to provide some statistical separation between true and false contacts is presented. In the proposed method the data are partitioned into Hough transform bins, and Page's test is performed on the data in each bin. The new method embodies the best ideas of existing sequential and batch methods, exploits both the amplitude and the temporal information in the data, and minimizes the average latency for initializing target tracks for a specified false track initialization rate. Analytic performance predictions for the proposed method for the Swerling I signal model with Poisson clutter are developed and compared with the theoretical performance of a commonly used "M of N" method. The new method provides substantial improvement in the false track initialization rate and the average latency for initializing target tracks. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM christian.hempel@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [ONR-321US, N0001406WR20122] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR-321US) under Contract N0001406WR20122. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 414 EP 424 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 559IR UT WOS:000274818200029 ER PT J AU Gupta, L Kota, S Murali, S Molfese, DL Vaidyanathan, R AF Gupta, Lalit Kota, Srinivas Murali, Swetha Molfese, Dennis L. Vaidyanathan, Ravi TI A Feature Ranking Strategy to Facilitate Multivariate Signal Classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Curse of dimensionality; discrete cosine transform (DCT); ear-pressure signal classification; event-related potential (ERP) classification; feature ranking; human-machine interface (HMI); multivariate signal classification; rincipal component transform (PCT) ID PARAMETRIC CLASSIFICATION; ROBOT; COMMUNICATION; INTERFACES AB A strategy is introduced to rank and select principal component transform (PCT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) transform coefficient features to overcome the curse of dimensionality frequently encountered in implementing multivariate signal classifiers due to small sample sizes. The criteria considered for ranking include the magnitude, variance, interclass separation, and classification accuracies of the individual features. The feature ranking and selection strategy is applied to overcome the dimensionality problem, which often plagues the implementation and evaluation of practical Gaussian signal classifiers. The applications of the resulting PCT- and DCT-Gaussian signal classification strategies are demonstrated by classifying single-channel tongue-movement ear-pressure signals and multichannel event-related potentials. Through these experiments, it is shown that the dimension of the feature space can be decreased quite significantly by means of the feature ranking and selection strategy. The ranking strategy not only facilitates overcoming the dimensionality curse for multivariate classifier implementation but also provides a means to further select, out of a rank-ordered set, a smaller set of features that give the best classification accuracies. Results show that the PCT- and DCT-Gaussian classifiers yield higher classification accuracies than those reported in previous classification studies on the same signal sets. Among the combinations of the two transforms and four feature selection criteria, the PCT-Gaussian classifiers using the maximum magnitude and maximum variance selection criteria gave the best classification accuracies across the two sets of classification experiments. Most noteworthy is the fact that the multivariate Gaussian signal classifiers developed in this paper can be implemented without having to collect a prohibitively large number of training signals simply to satisfy the dimensionality conditions. Consequently, the classification strategies can be beneficial for designing personalized human-machine interface signal classifiers for individuals from whom only a limited number of training signals can reliably be collected due to severe disabilities. C1 [Gupta, Lalit; Kota, Srinivas; Murali, Swetha] So Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Molfese, Dennis L.] Univ Louisville, Birth Defects Ctr, Dev Neuropsychol Lab, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gupta, L (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lgupta@siu.edu FU NIH [RO1 HD17860, 1R43HD042367-01A1]; NSF [BNS 82-10846]; U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F01869X/1] FX This work was supported in part by the Grant NIH RO1 HD17860, in part by the Grant NSF BNS 82-10846, in part by the Grant NIH 1R43HD042367-01A1, and in part by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Grant EP/F01869X/1. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6977 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2024648 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 517HW UT WOS:000271605100009 ER PT S AU Cho, V Withers, WD AF Cho, Vivian Withers, Wm Douglas BE Elmoataz, A Lezoray, O Nouboud, F Mammass, D Meunier, J TI Circle Location by Moments SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image and Signal Processing CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Trois Rivieres, CANADA SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, European Assoc Signal Proc, Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Univ Caen Basse Normandie, Univ Ibn Zohr, Ctr Rech math AB We present a method for locating circles in images based on the moment values of specially-constructed functions. Our approach differs from Hough-transform-type approaches in requiring no large accumulator array, searching operation, nor preliminary edge-detection step. It differs from previous work on curve location by moments by the existence of an explicit formula for the circle parameters and a theoretically proven guarantee of success. The moment approach is inherently robust with respect to blurriness, pixelization, or small-scale noise. C1 [Cho, Vivian; Withers, Wm Douglas] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Withers, WD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdw@usna.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13680-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6134 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPQ95 UT WOS:000279663600012 ER PT S AU Lucke, R Fisher, J AF Lucke, Robert Fisher, John BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The Schmidt-Dyson: a Fast Space-Borne Wide-Field Hyperspectral Imager SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XV CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DESIGN AB Hyperspectral imaging from space requires a very efficient, low f-number optical system to obtain a 20 - 30 m GSD without ground motion compensation. The combination of a folded Schmidt telescope with a Dyson spectrometer meets these requirements while retaining spectral purity. We present the basic design of an instrument that images at f/1.2 with high resolution: with a 300 mm focal length it has a 4 degree field with 20 m GSD and 40 km ground swath from 600 km altitude. Various capabilities, problems, and design options of the Schmidt-Dyson combination are discussed. Detailed design for a specific application remains to be done. C1 [Lucke, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-308-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7812 AR 78120M DI 10.1117/12.859471 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSU56 UT WOS:000285829200019 ER PT B AU Anderson, JM Stewart, DO Blake, WK AF Anderson, Jason M. Stewart, Devin O. Blake, William K. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SOUND FROM FLOW OVER ROUGH SURFACES SO IMECE2009, VOL 15: SOUND, VIBRATION AND DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; SMOOTH; NOISE AB Turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces are known to produce elevated far-field acoustic sound levels. The nature by which surface irregularities alter the near-field surface pressures and subsequently affect the sound generation to the scattering of high wavenumber convective pressures to low wavenumber acoustic pressures, which is typically interpreted as a dipole-like source. The focus of the current investigation is the experimental interrogation of both near- and far-field pressures due to the flow over roughened surfaces in order to identify the source mechanisms and to validate physical models of roughness sound. For rough surfaces composed of large geometrical elements (defined by large Reynolds numbers based on roughness height and friction velocity), such as hemispheres and cubes, the measured near-field surfaces pressures indicate that the local interstitial flows become important in determining the sound radiation characteristics. In order to describe the aeroacoustic source region, scaling laws are developed for surface pressures at locations around the roughness elements for various roughness configurations and flow speeds. Relationships between surface pressures amongst the rough surface elements and far-field pressures measured at several directional aspects were examined to identify roughness sound source mechanisms. Measurements of a dipole directivity pattern and dipole efficiency factors obtained when normalizing radiated sound by surface pressures offer support to the scattering theories for roughness sound. Using existing pressure scattering models as a basis, an empirical model for roughness sound is generated. C1 [Anderson, Jason M.; Stewart, Devin O.; Blake, William K.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4388-8 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF62 UT WOS:000282621100002 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Maximenko, SI Yakes, MK Yi, C Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Jackson, EM Nolde, JA Affouda, CA Gonzalez, M Meyer, JR Clark, KP Pinsukanjana, PR AF Aifer, E. H. Maximenko, S. I. Yakes, M. K. Yi, C. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Jackson, E. M. Nolde, J. A. Affouda, C. A. Gonzalez, M. Meyer, J. R. Clark, K. P. Pinsukanjana, P. R. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TYPE-II SUPERLATTICE BASED INFRARED DETECTORS. SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; III-V; IR detector; LWIR; photodiode ID TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEGREGATION AB Much has been accomplished in the last few years in advancing the performance of type-II superlattice (T2SL) based infrared photodiodes, largely by focusing on device and heterostructure design. Quantum efficiency (QE) has increased to 50% and higher by using thicker absorbing layers and making use of internal reflections, and dark currents have been reduced by over a factor of ten by using bandstructure engineering to suppress tunneling and generation-recombination (G-R) currents associated with the junction. With performance levels of LWIR T2SL photodiodes now within an order of magnitude of that of HgCdTe (MCT) based technology, however, there is renewed interest in understanding fundamental materials issues. This is needed both to move performance toward the theoretical Auger limit, and to facilitate the task of transitioning T2SL growth from laboratories to commercial institutions. Here we discuss recent continuing efforts at NRL to develop new device structures for enhanced detector performance, and to further our understanding of this material system using advanced structural and electronic probes. Results from electron beam induced current (EBIC) imaging and analysis of point defects in T2SL photodiodes will be presented, showing differentiated behavior of bulk defect structures. We will also describe a study comparing intended vs. as-grown T2SL photodiode structures by cross-sectional scanning microscopy (XSTM). Using parameters extracted from the XSTM images, we obtain detailed knowledge of the composition and layer structures through simulation of the x-ray diffraction spectra. C1 [Aifer, E. H.; Yakes, M. K.; Yi, C.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Jackson, E. M.; Nolde, J. A.; Affouda, C. A.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76601Q DI 10.1117/12.855028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300057 ER PT S AU Judd, KP Waterman, JR Nichols, JM AF Judd, K. Peter Waterman, James R. Nichols, J. M. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Passive Shortwave Infrared Technology and Hyperspectral Imaging for Maritime Applications SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; SWIR; large format; marine environments; taggant; spray; detection; signature AB We present image data and discuss naval sensing applications of SWIR and Hyperspectral SWIR imaging in littoral and marine environments under various light conditions. These environments prove to be challenging for persistent surveillance applications as light levels may vary over several orders of magnitude within and from scene to scene. Additional difficulties include imaging over long water paths where marine haze and turbulence tend to degrade radiation transmission, and discrimination of low contrast objects under low-light and night imaging. Image data obtained from two separate passive sensor systems, both of which are built around an RVS large format (1280 x 1024) InGaAs FPA with high dynamic range and low noise electronics, are presented. The SWIR camera imager is equipped with a custom 300 mm focal length f/2 narrow field-of-view (6 degrees diagonal) refractive telescope. The Hyperspectral imager has a custom selectable 900/1800 mm focal length telescope with corresponding 1.55 degrees/0.79 degrees field-of-view and f-numbers of 3/6 respectively. The sensor uses 1280 pixels in the spatial direction and a window of 192 are used for the spectral and operates at a nominal frame rate of 120 Hz. To assess field performance of the SWIR/Hyperspectral imagers, comparison is made to output from a scientific grade VNIR camera and two state-of-the-art low-light sensors. C1 [Judd, K. Peter; Waterman, James R.; Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 766008 DI 10.1117/12.850262 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300007 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Waterman, JR Menon, R Devitt, J AF Nichols, J. M. Waterman, J. R. Menon, Raghu Devitt, John BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Performance Characteristics of a Submarine Panoramic Infrared Imaging Sensor SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Infrared; panoramic; focal plane array; system performance AB A high-resolution mid-wave infrared panoramic periscope sensor system has been developed. The sensor includes a catadioptric optical system that provides a 360 degrees horizontal azimuth by -10 degrees to + 30 degrees elevation field of view without requiring moving components (e.g. rotating mirrors). The focal plane is a 2048 x 2048, 15 mu m pitch InSb detector operating at 80K. An on-board thermo-electric reference source allows for real-time non-uniformity correction using the two-point correction method. The entire system (detector-dewar assembly, cooler, electronics and optics) is packaged to fit in an 8" high, 6.5" diameter volume. This work describes both the system optics and electronics and presents sample imagery. We also discuss the sensor's radiometric performance, quantified by the NEDT, as a function of key system parameters. The ability of the system to resolve targets as a function of imaged spatial frequency is also presented. C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Waterman, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 766005 DI 10.1117/12.850254 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300004 ER PT B AU de Groot-Hedlin, CD Hedlin, MAH Drob, DP AF de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine D. Hedlin, Michael A. H. Drob, Douglas P. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Atmospheric Variability and Infrasound Monitoring SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; SOUND-PROPAGATION; STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE; NATURAL INFRASOUND; PREDICTION SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; DISTANCES; VOLCANO; MIDDLE C1 [de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hedlin, Michael A. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP de Groot-Hedlin, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM chedlin@ucsd.edu RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 98 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 475 EP 507 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_15 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400015 ER PT B AU Le Pichon, A Vergoz, J Cansi, Y Ceranna, L Drob, D AF Le Pichon, A. Vergoz, J. Cansi, Y. Ceranna, L. Drob, D. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Contribution of Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Remote Sensing SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; NATURAL INFRASOUND; WAVES; EXPLOSIONS; ERUPTIONS; SURFACE C1 [Le Pichon, A.; Cansi, Y.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Ceranna, L.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Drob, D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Le Pichon, A (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 629 EP 646 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_20 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400020 ER PT B AU Drob, DP Meier, RR Picone, JM Garces, MM AF Drob, Douglas P. Meier, R. R. Picone, J. Michael Garces, Milton M. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Inversion of Infrasound Signals for Passive Atmospheric Remote Sensing SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORTHOGONAL DISTANCE REGRESSION; NUMERICAL WEATHER-PREDICTION; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; NATURAL INFRASOUND; STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SOUND-PROPAGATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; INFORMATION-CONTENT; RESEARCH SATELLITE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE C1 [Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, Milton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, SOEST, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. RP Drob, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.drob@nrl.navy.mil RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 104 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 701 EP 731 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_24 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400024 ER PT J AU Radcliffe, PM Leavens, TL Wagner, DJ Olabisi, AO Struve, MF Wong, BA Tewksbury, E Chapman, GD Dorman, DC AF Radcliffe, Pheona M. Leavens, Teresa L. Wagner, Dean J. Olabisi, Ayodele O. Struve, Melanie F. Wong, Brian A. Tewksbury, Earl Chapman, Gail D. Dorman, David C. TI Pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled tungsten (W-188) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following acute sodium tungstate inhalation SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inhalation; kinetics; tungsten ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; BEAGLE DOGS; NEVADA; COBALT; POPULATION; PARAMETERS; TURNOVER; EXPOSURE; FALLON AB Aerosol cloud formation may occur when certain tungsten munitions strike hard targets, placing military personnel at increased risk of exposure. Although the pharmacokinetics of various forms of tungsten have been studied in animals following intravenous and oral administration, tungsten disposition following inhalation remains incompletely characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of inhaled tungstate (WO 4) in rats. Male, 16-wk-old, CD rats (n = 7 rats/time point) underwent a single, 90-min, nose-only exposure to an aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] 1.50 mu m) containing 256 mg W/m(3) as radiolabeled sodium tungstate ((Na2WO4)-W-188). W-188 tissue concentrations were determined at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 21 days postexposure by gamma spectrometry. The thyroid and urine had the highest W-188 levels postexposure, and urinary excretion was the primary route of W-188 elimination. The pharmacokinetics of tungsten in most tissues was best described with a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with initial phase half-lives of approximately 4 to 6 h and a longer terminal phase with half-lives of approximately 6 to 67 days. The kidney, adrenal, spleen, femur, lymph nodes, and brain continued to accumulate small amounts of tungsten as reflected by tissue: blood activity ratios that increased throughout the 21-day period. At day 21 all tissues except the thyroid, urine, lung, femur, and spleen had only trace levels of W-188. Data from this study can be used for development and refinement of pharmacokinetic models for tungsten inhalation exposure in environmental and occupational settings. C1 [Leavens, Teresa L.; Struve, Melanie F.; Dorman, David C.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Radcliffe, Pheona M.] Colgate Palmol Co, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Wagner, Dean J.; Olabisi, Ayodele O.; Chapman, Gail D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Dayton, OH USA. [Wong, Brian A.; Tewksbury, Earl] Hamner Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dorman, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM david_dorman@ncsu.edu OI Foster, Melanie/0000-0001-6392-7418 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.3109/08958370902913237 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 543ZS UT WOS:000273621300007 PM 20017594 ER PT B AU Maule, RW Gallup, SP AF Maule, R. William Gallup, Shelley P. BE Sobh, T TI Enterprise 2.0 Collaboration for Collective Knowledge and Intelligence Applications SO INNOVATIONS AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Computer, Information, Systems Sciences and Engineering CY DEC 05-13, 2008 CL Bridgeport, CT AB This paper describes an enterprise system implemented to support ad-hoc collaborative processes in a large-scale Department of Defense experiment that integrated civil authorities, coalition nations, and non-governmental agencies in a mock international crisis. The deployed system was a commercial service-oriented architecture that provided XML-based web services that supported user-initiated and self-managed collaborative functions, and virtual workspaces within which participants could create and secure communities of interest. Assessed is the degree to which cooperative tools and processes can be specified given the inevitability of ad-hoc information processes and emergent communications. C1 [Maule, R. William; Gallup, Shelley P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3657-5 PY 2010 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2_99 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQL52 UT WOS:000281247700099 ER PT B AU Maule, RW Gallup, SP Jensen, JJ AF Maule, R. William Gallup, Shelley P. Jensen, Jack J. BE Sobh, T TI Knowledge Engineering Experimentation Management System for Collaboration SO INNOVATIONS AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Computer, Information, Systems Sciences and Engineering CY DEC 05-13, 2008 CL Bridgeport, CT ID ONTOLOGIES AB This paper presents a methodology and system for the analysis of complex experiments currently utilized by the Department of Defense. Assessed are effectiveness and efficiency of systems interactions and affected intra- and inter-organizational processes. Methodology is derived from an operational experimentation analytics and management system designed to assess next-generation military e-services and infrastructure. A focus is the expansion of systems methodology beyond traditional transaction-oriented exchanges to include management layers for complex inter-organizational processes and mechanisms to accommodate sensitive company operations. C1 [Maule, R. William; Gallup, Shelley P.; Jensen, Jack J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rwmaule@nps.edu; spgallup@nps.edu; jjjensen@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3657-5 PY 2010 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2_100 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQL52 UT WOS:000281247700100 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Bradburne, CE Boeneman, K Susumu, K Farrell, D Mei, BC Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, G Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H Medintz, IL AF Delehanty, James B. Bradburne, Christopher E. Boeneman, Kelly Susumu, Kimihiro Farrell, Dorothy Mei, Bing C. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, G. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi Medintz, Igor L. TI Delivering quantum dot-peptide bioconjugates to the cellular cytosol: escaping from the endolysosomal system SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; PENETRATING PEPTIDES; LIVING CELLS; MEDIATED DELIVERY; GENE-TRANSFER; TAT PEPTIDE; LONG-TERM; PROTEIN; MEMBRANE AB For luminescent quantum dots (QDs) to realize their full potential as intracellular labeling, imaging and sensing reagents, robust noninvasive methods for their delivery to the cellular cytosol must be developed. Our aim in this study was to explore a range of methods aimed at delivering QDs to the cytosol. We have previously shown that QDs functionalized with a polyarginine 'Tat' cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) could be specifically delivered to cells via endocytic uptake with no adverse effects on cellular proliferation. We began by assessing the long-term intracellular fate and stability of these QD-peptide conjugates. We found that the QDs remained sequestered within acidic endolysosomal vesicles for at least three days after initial uptake while the CPP appeared to remain stably associated with the QD throughout this time. We next explored techniques designed to either actively deliver QDs directly to the cytosol or to combine endocytosis with subsequent endosomal escape to the cytosol in several eukaryotic cell lines. Active delivery methods such as electroporation and nucleofection delivered only modest amounts of QDs to the cytosol as aggregates. Delivery of QDs using a variety of transfection polymers also resulted in primarily endosomal sequestration of QDs. However, in one case the commercial PULSin (TM) reagent did facilitate a modest cytosolic dispersal of QDs, but only after several days in culture and with significant polymer-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, we demonstrated that an amphiphilic peptide designed to mediate cell penetration and vesicle membrane interactions could mediate rapid QD uptake by endocytosis followed by a slower efficient endosomal release which peaked at 48 h after initial delivery. Importantly, this QD-peptide bioconjugate elicited minimal cytotoxicity in the cell lines tested. C1 [Delehanty, James B.; Bradburne, Christopher E.; Boeneman, Kelly; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Farrell, Dorothy; Mei, Bing C.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Dawson, G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM James.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil; Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012 FU DTRA; NRL Nanosciences Institute; ONR; NRC; ASEE FX The authors acknowledge DTRA, NRL Nanosciences Institute and ONR for support. C. E. B. and D. F. were supported by an NRC fellowship. K. B. acknowledges an ASEE fellowship. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Dr Thomas Pons for assistance with the intracellular FRET analysis. NR 59 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5-6 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1039/c0ib00002g PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 607VJ UT WOS:000278535000005 PM 20535418 ER PT S AU Collins, JB AF Collins, Joseph B. BE Autexier, S Calmet, J Delahaye, D Ion, PDF Rideau, L Rioboo, R Sexton, AP TI An OpenMath Content Dictionary for Tensor Concepts SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTER MATHEMATICS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management CY JUL 05-10, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Ecole Natl Superieur Informat Ind & Entreprise, GDR, Genie Programmat Logiciel, Texas Instruments, ACM, Special Interest Grp Symbolic & Algebraic Manipulat AB We introduce a new Open Math content dictionary named "tensor1" containing symbols for the expression of tensor formulas. These symbols support the expression of non-Cartesian coordinates and invariant, multilinear expressions in the context of coordinate transformations. While current Open Math symbols support the expression of linear algebra formulas using matrices and vectors, we find that there is an underlying assumption of Cartesian, or standard, coordinates that makes the expression of general tensor formulas difficult, if not impossible. In introducing these new Open Math symbols for the expression of tensor formulas, we attempt to maintain, as much as possible, consistency with prior Open Math symbol definitions for linear algebra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14127-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6167 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BTF69 UT WOS:000286842300025 ER PT S AU Fossati, D Di Eugenio, B Ohlsson, S Brown, C Chen, L AF Fossati, Davide Di Eugenio, Barbara Ohlsson, Stellan Brown, Christopher Chen, Lin BE Aleven, V Kay, J Mostow, J TI Generating Proactive Feedback to Help Students Stay on Track SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PART II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Apangea Learning, Carnegie Learning Inc, EDalytics, LLC, Grockit, KAPLAN, Univ Pittsburgh, Learning Res & Dev Ctr, NSF, LearnLab, Carnegie Mellon, Sch Comp Sci, Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Educ DE Feedback; proactive interaction AB In a tutoring system based on an exploratory environment, it is also important to provide direct, guidance to students We endowed List, our linked list tutor, with the ability to generate proactive feedback using a procedural knowledge model automatically constructed from the interaction of previous students with the system We compared the new version of iList, with its predecessors and human tutors Our evaluation shows that iList is effective in helping students learn C1 [Fossati, Davide] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Di Eugenio, Barbara; Chen, Lin] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Ohlsson, Stellan] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Brown, Christopher] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fossati, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU ONR [N000140710040, N000140010640]; UIC Graduate College; NSF [ALT0536968, IIS0133123, CRA0937060, CIF186] FX This work is supported by the ONR (N000140710040, N000140010640); the UIC Graduate College (Deans Scholar Award 20082009); and the NSF (ALT0536968, IIS0133123, 0937060 to CRA for CIF186). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13436-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6095 BP 315 EP + PN Part II PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPZ31 UT WOS:000280420200056 ER PT S AU Hartkopf, WI AF Hartkopf, W. I. BE Rivinius, T Cure, M TI HOT BINARIES: OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS SO INTERFEROMETRIC VIEW ON HOT STARS SE Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica-Serie de Conferencias LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interferometric View on Hot Stars CY MAR 02-06, 2009 CL Vina del Mar, CHILE SP ESO, Univ Valparaiso, NOAO, NRAO DE binaries: general; stars: early-type; techniques: interferometric ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; ORION TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; FINE GUIDANCE SENSOR; PERIASTRON PASSAGE; DELTA-SCORPII; STAR ORBITS; PLEIADES; MULTIPLICITY; DISTANCE; NEBULA AB Interferometric work on hot binary and multiple stars is summarized, from the earliest eyepiece interferometry to recent speckle and AO duplicity surveys. Multiplicity fractions for cluster, field, and runaway O stars are discussed. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM wih@usno.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 978-607-02-1317-5 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2010 VL 38 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAQ24 UT WOS:000305162500006 ER PT B AU Wood, RA Salem, TE AF Wood, Robert A. Salem, Thomas E. GP Mesago PCIM GmbH TI Characteristics of a 1200 V, 550 A SiC DMOSFET Dual Module SO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE FOR POWER ELECTRONICS, INTELLIGENT MOTION AND POWER QUALITY 2010 (PCIM EUROPE 2010), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion and Power Quality (PCIM Europe 2010) CY MAY 04-06, 2010 CL Nuremburg, GERMANY ID MOSFETS AB The enhanced material properties of silicon carbide (SiC) offer improved performance capabilities for power electronic devices compared to traditional, silicon based components. Recently, a 1200 V, 50 A, SiC DMOSFET has been developed and its use in a switch has been reported [1-2]. Based on this work, a 1200 V, 550 A, all SiC dual module has been fabricated. This paper reports on the experimental characterization of this advanced dual power module that incorporates eleven SiC DMOSFETs and eleven SiC JBS diodes per switch. C1 [Wood, Robert A.] US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Salem, Thomas E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Wood, RA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MESAGO PCIM GMBH PI STUTTGART PA ROTEBUEHLSTR 83-85, STUTTGART, 70178, GERMANY BN 978-1-61738-967-2 PY 2010 BP 280 EP 285 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LD UT WOS:000391419800046 ER PT J AU Campbell, JS Castaneda, M Pulos, S AF Campbell, Justin S. Castaneda, Michael Pulos, Steven TI Meta-Analysis of Personality Assessments as Predictors of Military Aviation Training Success SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; ANXIETY AB Results from a meta-analysis of studies using personality constructs to predict military aviation training outcomes are reported. From the 26 studies that reported effects of personality as predictors of aviation training outcome, the constructs of neuroticism (K = 7), extroversion (K = 8), and anxiety (K = 4) appeared most frequently. Meta-analysis effects were derived using both random effects and artifact distribution model. Uncorrected effects from the random effects model produced the largest mean effect for neuroticism (rmeta = -.15), followed by extroversion (rmeta = .13), and anxiety (rmeta = -.11). Corrections for predictor reliability and range restriction produced the greatest increase in the validity coefficient for neuroticism (rcorr = -.25), implying more psychometrically reliable and sensitive instruments could substantially improve the predictive validity of personality assessments in aviation selection contexts. The results confirmed the hypothesis that neuroticism and its facet anxiety would be negatively related to training success, and that extroversion would share a positive relationship with training success in military aviation. C1 [Castaneda, Michael] Wichita State Univ, Natl Inst Aviat Res, Wichita, KS 67208 USA. Univ No Colorado, Sch Psychol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Campbell, JS (reprint author), USN, Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Med Serv Corps, 340 Hulse Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM camp2486@hotmail.com OI Campbell, Justin/0000-0002-3471-9430 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 92 EP 109 AR PII 918633360 DI 10.1080/10508410903415872 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 545GL UT WOS:000273720400006 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, B. TI Extension of Murakami's high-order non-linear solver to multiple roots SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE multiple roots; non-linear; high-order; efficiency ID ITERATIVE METHODS; EQUATIONS; FAMILY; CONVERGENCE AB Several one-parameter families of fourth-order methods for finding multiple zeros of non-linear functions are developed. The methods are based on Murakami's fifth-order method (for simple roots) and they require one evaluation of the function and three evaluations of the derivative. The informational efficiency of the methods is the same as the previously developed methods of lower order. For a double root, the method is more efficient than all previously known schemes. All these methods require the knowledge of multiplicity. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009; OI Neta, Beny/0000-0002-7417-7496 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7160 J9 INT J COMPUT MATH JI Int. J. Comput. Math. PY 2010 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1080/00207160802272263 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 593LK UT WOS:000277455900008 ER PT J AU Gao, XS Zhang, GH Roe, C AF Gao, Xiaosheng Zhang, Guihua Roe, Charles TI A Study on the Effect of the Stress State on Ductile Fracture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ductile fracture; void nucleation; growth and coalescence; stress triaxiality; lode parameter; third stress invariant ID CRACK-GROWTH; VOID GROWTH; ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS; APPROXIMATE MODELS; RUPTURE MECHANISMS; COMBINED TENSION; STRAIN-RATE; CELL-MODEL; METALS AB The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that besides the stress triaxiality parameter, the Lode angle, which can be related to the third invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor, also has an important effect on ductile fracture. This is achieved by conducting a series of micromechanics analyses of void-containing unit cells and experimental-numerical studies of carefully designed specimens experiencing a wide range of stress states. As a result, a fracture criterion is expressed in terms of the equivalent failure strain as a function of the stress triaxiality and the Lode angle (or the third invariant of the stress deviator) and this function is calibrated for a DH36 steel plate. C1 [Gao, Xiaosheng; Zhang, Guihua] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Roe, Charles] USN, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gao, XS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xgao@uakron.edu FU NAVSEA [05P24] FX Part of the work reported in this paper was conducted while XG was an ONR summer faculty fellow hosted by the Alloy Development and Mechanics Branch, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. This portion of the effort was funded under the Advanced Combatant Materials Program sponsored by Mr Gene Mitchell of NAVSEA 05P24. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.1177/1056789509101917 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 549EB UT WOS:000274027500003 ER PT J AU Tonon, F Pettit, CL AF Tonon, Fulvio Pettit, Chris L. TI Toward a definition and understanding of correlation for variables constrained by random relations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE correlation; random sets; interval analysis; imprecise probabilities; measurable selections; optimisation ID CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; VALUED DATA; RANDOM SETS; FUZZY-SETS; PROBABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; VARIANCE AB Random relations are random sets defined on a two-dimensional space (or higher). After defining the correlation for two variables constrained by a random relation as an interval, the effect of imprecision was studied by using a multi-valued mapping, whose domain is a space of joint random variables. This perspective led to the notions of consistent and non-consistent marginals, which parallel those of epistemic independence, and unknown interaction and epistemic independence for random sets, respectively. The calculation of the correlation bounds entails solving two optimisation problems that are NP-hard. When the entire random relation is available, it is shown that the hypothesis of non-consistent marginals leads to correlation bounds that are much larger (four orders of magnitude in some cases) than those obtained under the hypothesis of consistent marginals; this hierarchy parallels the hierarchy between probability bounds for unknown interaction and strong independence, respectively. Solutions of the optimisation problems were found at the extremes of their feasible intervals in 80-100% of the cases when non-consistent marginals were assumed, but this range became 75-84% when consistent marginals were assumed. When only the marginals are available, there is a complete loss of knowledge in the correlation, and the correlation interval is nearly vacuous or vacuous (i.e. [-1,1]) even if the measurements are sufficiently accurate in which their narrowed intervals do not overlap. Solutions to the optimisation problems were found at the extremes of their feasible intervals 50% or less of the times. C1 [Tonon, Fulvio] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, Univ Stn 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pettit, Chris L.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tonon, F (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, Univ Stn 1, C1792, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tonon@mail.utexas.edu RI Tonon, Fulvio/G-6128-2015 OI Tonon, Fulvio/0000-0002-3211-3320 FU Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-98-D-3210]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [02VA03COR] FX The first author acknowledges the support of the Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract F33615-98-D-3210, Delivery Order 63). The first author also acknowledges that he made the connection between consistent marginals and strong independence after a presentation by Dr Thomas Fetz (University of Innsbruck, Austria) while Thomas was a visiting scholar at the University of Texas, Austin. The first author expresses his gratitude to Professor Alberto Bernardini (University of Padua, Italy) for his critical review of a first draft of this paper. The second author thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Laboratory Task 02VA03COR) for partially supporting this project. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-1079 EI 1563-5104 J9 INT J GEN SYST JI Int. J. Gen. Syst. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 577 EP 604 AR PII 919503058 DI 10.1080/03081070903541273 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 621WZ UT WOS:000279618000001 ER PT J AU Turk, J Miller, S Castello, C AF Turk, J. Miller, S. Castello, C. TI A dynamic global cloud layer for virtual globes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB We describe a technique to merge multiple environmental satellite data sets for an hourly updated, near real-time global depiction of cloud cover for virtual globe applications. A global thermal infrared composite obtained from merged geostationary- (GEO) and low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellite data is processed to depict clear and cloudy areas in a visually intuitive fashion. This GEO-plus-LEO imagery merging is complicated by the fact that each individual satellite observes a single 'snapshot' of the cloud patterns, each taken at different times, whereas the underlying clouds themselves are constantly moving and evolving. For the cloudy areas, the brightness and transparency are approximated based upon the cloud top temperature relative to the local radiometric surface temperatures (corrected for surface emissivity variations) at the time of the satellite observation. The technique clearly defines and represents mid-to high-level clouds over both land and ocean. Due to their proximity to the Earth's surface, low-level clouds such as stratocumulus and stratus clouds will be poorly represented with the current technique, since warmer temperatures in this case do not correspond to higher cloud transparency. Overcoming this problem requires the introduction of multispectral channel combinations. C1 [Turk, J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Miller, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Castello, C.] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Turk, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM joe.turk@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Google Earth GIS team at Google, Inc. FX The first two authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Google Earth GIS team at Google, Inc. The MODIS data are provided courtesy of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Near Realtime Processing Effort (NRTPE). We would like to acknowledge Dr Ben Ruston of the Naval Research Laboratory for the use of the surface emissivity database and for advice and guidance on its use in this application. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1897 EP 1914 DI 10.1080/01431160902926657 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 592OP UT WOS:000277389200013 ER PT J AU Velazquez, ACS AF Velazquez, Arturo C. Sotomayor TI Peacekeeping Effects in South America: Common Experiences and Divergent Effects on Civil-Military Relations SO INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING LA English DT Article AB Participation in UN peace operations has increased differences in civil-military relations in South America. Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay have internalized and implemented divergent defence policies, even as they have increased their troop contributions and been involved in similar or identical peacekeeping missions. This is caused not only by the fact that these countries have very different motivations for participating in peace operations; they have also drawn very different lessons from their exposure to peacekeeping. C1 [Velazquez, Arturo C. Sotomayor] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. [Velazquez, Arturo C. Sotomayor] Ctr Invest & Docencia Econ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Velazquez, ACS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1353-3312 J9 INT PEACEKEEPING JI Int. Peacekeeping PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP 629 EP 643 DI 10.1080/13533312.2010.516946 PG 15 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 851WR UT WOS:000297302800006 ER PT S AU Rao, MV Nath, A Qadri, SB Tian, YL Nipoti, R AF Rao, Mulpuri V. Nath, A. Qadri, S. B. Tian, Y-L. Nipoti, R. BE Matsuo, J Kase, M Aoki, T Seki, T TI Microwave Annealing of Ion Implanted 4H-SiC SO ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN SP Adv Ion Beam Technol Inc, ATMI, AXCELIS, Buckley Syst Ltd, Edwards Japan Ltd, Nano Sci Corp, Evans Analyt Grp, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Ion Beam Serv, KLA Tencor Corp, Linde Elect, MATHESON TRIGAS Elect, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Japan, Nissin Ion Equipment Co Ltd, PLANSEE Metall Gmbh, SemEquip Inc, SEN Corp, ULVAC Inc, Varian Semiconductor Equipment Assoc Inc HO Kyoto Univ DE 4H-SiC; Phosphorous; post implantation annealing; electrical resistivity; X-ray diffraction; lattice recovery AB Ultra-fast high-temperature microwave annealing at temperatures as high as 2050 degrees C for 30 s has been performed on phosphorus ion-implanted 4H-SiC for phosphorus doping concentrations in the range 5 x 10(19) cm-(3) -8 x 10(20) cm(-3). For comparison, inductive heating furnace anneals were performed at 1800 degrees C -1950 degrees C for 5 min. Electrical resistivity of the P+-implanted samples decreased with increasing annealing temperature reaching a minimum value of 6.8 x 10(-4) Omega cm for 2050 degrees C/30 s microwave annealing and a slightly higher value for 1950 degrees C/5 min inductive heating furnace annealing. X-ray rocking curve measurements showed that the microwave annealing not only removed the lattice damage introduced by the ion-implantation process, but also the defects present in the original virgin sample as well. C1 [Rao, Mulpuri V.; Nath, A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Qadri, S. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tian, Y-L.] LT Technol, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Nipoti, R.] CNR, IMM, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmulpuri@gmu.edu RI Nipoti, Roberta/N-6162-2014 OI Nipoti, Roberta/0000-0002-8019-9149 FU Army Research Office (ARO); DARPA through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [N0017310-2-C006] FX This material is based on the work supported by Army Research Office (ARO) and also by DARPA through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory contract # N0017310-2-C006. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0876-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1321 BP 241 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BTY03 UT WOS:000288402500056 ER PT B AU Schultz, MP Volino, RJ Flack, K AF Schultz, Michael P. Volino, Ralph J. Flack, Karen BE Nickels, TB TI Boundary Layer Structure over a Two-Dimensional Rough Wall SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICS OF WALL-BOUNDED TURBULENT FLOWS ON ROUGH WALLS SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on the Physics of Wall-Bounded Flows on Rough Walls CY JUL 07-09, 2009 CL Clare Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IUTAM, Sir Arthur Marshall Inst Aeronaut, British Petroleum, Springer HO Clare Coll ID TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; SMOOTH AB Turbulence measurements for a zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a two-dimensional (2-D) roughness are presented and compared to previous results for a smooth wall and a three-dimensional (3-D) roughness. The present experiments were made on transverse square bars in the fully-rough flow regime. The 2-D bars lead to significant changes in the turbulence in the outer flow. Reynolds stresses, particularly (v'(2)) over bar (+) and (-u'v') over bar (+), increase, although the mean flow is not as significantly affected. Large scale turbulent motions originating at the wall lead to increased spatial scales in the outer flow. The dominant feature of the outer flow, however, remains hairpin vortex packets which have similar inclination angles for all wall conditions. The differences between boundary layers over 2-D and 3-D roughness are attributable to the scales of the motion induced by each type of roughness. It is also noted that there are fundamental differences in the response of internal and external flows to strong wall perturbations, with internal flows being less sensitive to roughness effects due to their boundary conditions. C1 [Schultz, Michael P.; Volino, Ralph J.; Flack, Karen] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mschultz@usna.edu; volino@usna.edu; flack@usna.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9630-2 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 22 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_4 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BVF48 UT WOS:000291369300004 ER PT B AU Smits, A Bailey, SCC Pepe, RL Schultz, MP AF Smits, Alexander Bailey, Sean C. C. Pepe, Rick L. Schultz, Michael P. BE Nickels, TB TI Turbulence in Pipe Flows with Small Relative Roughness SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICS OF WALL-BOUNDED TURBULENT FLOWS ON ROUGH WALLS SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on the Physics of Wall-Bounded Flows on Rough Walls CY JUL 07-09, 2009 CL Clare Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IUTAM, Sir Arthur Marshall Inst Aeronaut, British Petroleum, Springer HO Clare Coll AB The Princeton University Superpipe, capable of generating Reynolds numbers from 31 x 10(3) to 35 x 10(6), has been used to study the effects of surface roughness on turbulence in fully developed turbulent pipe flow. Mean velocity and pressure gradient results, streamwise Reynolds stresses, and two point correlations have all been performed on flow through a commercial steel pipe, with k(rms)/D = 1/26,000 = 38.5 x 10(-6), where k(rms) is the rms roughness height and D is the pipe diameter. The Reynolds number of these studies ranged from 76 x 10(3) to 20 x 10(6). It was found that through the transitionally rough flow regime, the friction factor behavior did not follow that predicted by the Colebrook correlation. In addition, when the flow moved into the transitional and fully rough flow regimes, the streamwise Reynolds normal stress in the outer layer was found to saturate at a maximum value and did not increase in the same manner as observed for smooth pipes. C1 [Smits, Alexander; Bailey, Sean C. C.; Pepe, Rick L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smits, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM asmits@Princeton.EDU; sebailey@engr.uky.edu; rlpepe@gmail.com; mschultz@usna.edu OI Bailey, Sean/0000-0002-9807-9858 FU ONR [N00014-09-1-0263]; NSF [CTS-0625268] FX The support of ONR under Grant N00014-09-1-0263 (Ronald Joslin) and NSF under Grant CTS-0625268 (William Schultz) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9630-2 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 22 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_5 PG 2 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BVF48 UT WOS:000291369300005 ER PT B AU Flack, K Schultz, MP AF Flack, Karen Schultz, Michael P. BE Nickels, TB TI Roughness Scaling Parameters in the Fully-Rough Regime SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICS OF WALL-BOUNDED TURBULENT FLOWS ON ROUGH WALLS SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on the Physics of Wall-Bounded Flows on Rough Walls CY JUL 07-09, 2009 CL Clare Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IUTAM, Sir Arthur Marshall Inst Aeronaut, British Petroleum, Springer HO Clare Coll ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WALL; FLOW; SURFACES; PIPE AB A correlation is proposed to estimate the frictional drag for a surface covered with irregular three-dimensional roughness in the fully rough regime. The correlation relies solely on a measurement of the surface roughness profile and builds on previous work utilizing moments of the surface statistics. A relationship is given for the equivalent sandgrain roughness height (k(s)) as a function of the root-mean-square roughness height (k(rms)) and the skewness of the roughness probability density function (sk). Boundary layer similarity scaling then allows the overall frictional drag coefficient to be determined as a function of the ratio of the equivalent sandgrain roughness height to length of the surface. C1 [Flack, Karen; Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flack, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM flack@usna.edu; mschultz@usna.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9630-2 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 22 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_14 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BVF48 UT WOS:000291369300014 ER PT J AU Rajapurkar, A Ural, SO Zhuang, YA Lee, HY Amin, A Uchino, K AF Rajapurkar, Aditya Ural, Seyit O. Zhuang, Yuan Lee, Ho-Yong Amin, Ahmed Uchino, Kenji TI Piezoelectric Loss Performance in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 Single Crystals SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals are a suitable replacement over conventional PZT-based ceramics in transducer applications because of their large electromechanical coupling factors (k > 0.90) and piezoelectric constants (d > 1000 pC/N). For single crystals, it is possible to modify the performance by suitable selection of the orientation, and appropriate composition changes or doping can be utilized to improve the mechanical quality factor Q(m). In this research, we report the piezoelectric loss performance in PMN-PT single crystals as a function of orientation, doping and vibration mode. The loss characteristics are based on mechanical quality factor Q(m) as well as the Q values at resonance (Q(A)) and anti-resonance (Q(B)). The Mn-doping resulted in almost twice the enhancement of the mechanical quality factor Q(m) and the maximum vibration velocity in comparison with the undoped samples. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Rajapurkar, Aditya; Ural, Seyit O.; Zhuang, Yuan; Uchino, Kenji] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lee, Ho-Yong] Ceracomp Co Ltd, Chungnam 330816, South Korea. [Amin, Ahmed] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rajapurkar, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, U.S.A. [N00014-99-1-0754] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, U.S.A. through Contract Number N00014-99-1-0754. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 7 AR 071502 DI 10.1143/JJAP.49.071502 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 631XD UT WOS:000280383100023 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Y Ural, SO Tuncdemir, S Amin, A Uchino, K AF Zhuang, Yuan Ural, Seyit O. Tuncdemir, Safakcan Amin, Ahmed Uchino, Kenji TI Analysis on Loss Anisotropy of Piezoelectrics with infinity mm Crystal Symmetry SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTIRESONANCE FREQUENCY; LOSS MECHANISMS; TRANSDUCERS AB The key factor for the miniaturization of piezoelectric devices is power density, which is limited by the heat generation or loss mechanisms. There are three loss components for piezoelectric vibrators, i.e., dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric losses. The mechanical quality factor, determined by these three factors, is the figure of merit in the sense of loss or heat generation. In this paper, quality factors of resonance and antiresonance for both k(31) and k(33) vibration modes are derived, and the method to determine loss factors in various directions is provided. For simplicity, we focus on materials with infinity mm (equivalent to 6 mm) crystal symmetry for deriving the loss factors of polycrystalline ceramics, and ten different loss factors can be obtained from the measurements. Finite element simulations are made to prove the theory, and the analysis also demonstrates the significance of the piezoelectric loss factor which has usually been neglected by previous piezoelectric device designers. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Zhuang, Yuan; Ural, Seyit O.; Tuncdemir, Safakcan; Uchino, Kenji] Penn State Univ, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Amin, Ahmed] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zhuang, YA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM yuz128@psu.edu FU Office of Naval Research, U.S.A. [N00014-08-1-0912] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, U.S.A. through Contract Number N00014-08-1-0912. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 2 AR 021503 DI 10.1143/JJAP.49.021503 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570ID UT WOS:000275665700027 ER PT J AU Springer, RM Narducci, FA Thomas, ME Hahn, DV AF Springer, R. M. Narducci, F. A. Thomas, M. E. Hahn, D. V. TI Optical Properties of Polycrystalline Neodymium (Nd)-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet for Different Levels of Nd Doping SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article C1 [Thomas, M. E.; Hahn, D. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Springer, R. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Thomas, ME (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM mike.thomas@jhuapl.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 266 EP 267 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 589OG UT WOS:000277159400030 ER PT J AU Linoski, A AF Linoski, Alexis TI Licensing Digital Content: A Practical Guide for Librarians SO JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP LA English DT Book Review C1 [Linoski, Alexis] USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Linoski, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM linoski@usna.edu RI Linoski, Alexis/A-8396-2009 OI Linoski, Alexis/0000-0001-7307-8771 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1333 J9 J ACAD LIBR JI J. Acad. Librariansh. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.acalib.2009.12.009 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 558LK UT WOS:000274743700016 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, PL Cannara, RJ Gao, GT Urban, JJ Carpick, RW Harrison, JA AF Piotrowski, Pamela L. Cannara, Rachel J. Gao, Guangtu Urban, Joseph J. Carpick, Robert W. Harrison, Judith A. TI Atomistic Factors Governing Adhesion between Diamond, Amorphous Carbon and Model Diamond Nanocomposite Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adhesion; diamond; nanocomposite diamond; amorphous carbon; diamond-like carbon; nanotribology; work of adhesion; pull-off force; atomic force microscopy; friction force microscopy; molecular dynamics; ab initio studies; density functional theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCALE FRICTION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; FILMS; MEMS AB Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to determine the work of adhesion for diamond (C)(111)(1x1) and C(001)(2x1) surfaces paired with carbon-based materials. While the works of adhesion from experiments and simulations are in reasonable agreement, some differences were identified. Experimentally, the work of adhesion between an amorphous carbon tip and individual C(001)(2 x 1)-H and C(111)(1 x 1)-H surfaces yielded adhesion values that were larger on the C(001)(2x1)-H surface. The simulations revealed that the average adhesion between self-mated C(001)(2x1) surfaces was smaller than for self-mated C(111)(1x1) contacts. Adhesion was reduced when amorphous carbon counterfaces were paired with both types of diamond surfaces. Pairing model diamond nanocomposite surfaces with the C(111)(1x1)-H sample resulted in even larger reductions in adhesion. These results point to the importance of atomic-scale roughness for adhesion. The simulated adhesion also shows a modest dependence on hydrogen coverage. Density functional theory calculations revealed small, C-H bond dipoles on both diamond samples, with the C(001)(2 x 1)-H surface having the larger dipole, but having a smaller dipole moment per unit area. Thus, charge separation at the surface is another possible source of the difference between the measured and calculated works of adhesion. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Piotrowski, Pamela L.; Gao, Guangtu; Urban, Joseph J.; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cannara, Rachel J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012; Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013 OI Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475 FU AFOSR [F1ATA-09-086G002, F1ATA-09-086G003, FA9550-08-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-09-WR20155]; NSF [CMMI-0825981, CMMI-0826076] FX P.L.P., G.G. and J.A.H. acknowledge support from AFOSR grant numbers F1ATA-09-086G002 and F1ATA-09-086G003 (and as part of the Extreme Friction MURI). J.A.H. also acknowledges support from the ONR grant # N00014-09-WR20155. P.L.P. and J.A.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant number CMMI-0825981. R.W.C. acknowledges support from AFOSR grant # FA9550-08-1-0024 and NSF grant number CMMI-0826076. J.A.H. and P.L.P. gratefully acknowledge J.D. Schall for helpful discussions. R.J.C. and R.W.C. gratefully acknowledge A.V. Sumant for helpful discussions and invaluable technical expertise. We also thank G.D. Wright and D. Whyte for the elastic recoil experiments, as well as D.S. Grierson and A.R. Konicek for the X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 19 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 15-16 BP 2471 EP 2498 DI 10.1163/016942410X508208 PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 679HR UT WOS:000284153000010 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Schubert, WH AF Hendricks, Eric A. Schubert, Wayne H. TI Adiabatic Rearrangement of Hollow PV Towers SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Diabatic heating from deep moist convection in the hurricane eyewall produces a towering annular structure of elevated potential vorticity (PV). This structure has been referred to as a hollow PV tower. The sign reversal of the radial gradient of PV satisfies the Charney-Stern necessary condition for combined barotropic-baroclinic instability. For thin enough annular structures, small perturbations grow exponentially, extract energy from the mean flow, and lead to hollow tower breakdown, with significant vortex structural and intensity change. The three-dimensional adiabatic rearrangements of two prototypical hurricane-like hollow PV towers (one thick and one thin) are examined in an idealized framework. For both hollow towers, dynamic instability causes air parcels with high PV to be mixed into the eye preferentially at lower levels, where unstable PV wave growth rates are the largest. Little or no mixing is found to occur at upper levels. The mixing at lower and middle levels is most rapid for the breakdown of the thin hollow tower, consistent with previous barotropic results. For both hollow towers, this advective rearrangement of PV affects the tropical cyclone structure and intensity in a number of ways. First, the minimum central pressure and maximum azimuthal mean velocity simultaneously decrease, consistent with previous barotropic results. Secondly, isosurfaces of absolute angular momentum preferentially shift inward at low levels, implying an adiabatic mechanism by which hurricane eyewall tilt can form. Thirdly, a PV bridge, similar to that previously found in full-physics hurricane simulations, develops as a result of mixing at the isentropic levels where unstable PV waves grow most rapidly. Finally, the balanced mass field resulting from the PV rearrangement is warmer in the eye between 900 and 700 hPa. The location of this warming is consistent with observed warm anomalies in the eye, indicating that in certain instances the hurricane eye inversion is enhanced through PV mixing on isentropic surfaces and is thus partially dynamically controlled. C1 [Hendricks, Eric A.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Schubert, Wayne H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation under the Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0837932, ATM-0833032]; National Research Council FX We would like to thank Rick Taft, Brian McNoldy, Scott Fulton, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was performed in part while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, CA and while he was a PhD student at Colorado State University. The work of the second author has been supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ATM-0837932 and ATM-0833032 and under the Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University through cooperative agreement No. ATM-0425247. Model simulations were performed on high-end Linux workstations generously provided through a gift from the Hewlett-Packard Corporation. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2010 VL 2 AR 8 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.8 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UG UT WOS:000208299500008 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Tutorial on Hardware and Software Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Software-based systems have become the dominant player in the computer systems world. Since it is imperative that computer systems operate reliably, considering the criticality of software, reliability is a critical property, particularly in safety critical systems. Software and hardware do not operate in a vacuum. Therefore, both software and hardware are addressed in this tutorial in an integrated fashion. The narrative of the tutorial is augmented with illustrative solved problems. It is important for an organization to have a disciplined process if it is to produce high reliability software. This process uses a life cycle approach to software reliability that takes into account the risk to reliability due to requirements changes. A requirements change may induce ambiguity and uncertainty in the development process that cause errors in implementing the changes. Subsequently, these errors may propagate through later phases of development and maintenance. In view of the life cycle ramifications of the software reliability process, maintenance is included in this tutorial. Furthermore, because reliability and maintainability determine availability, the latter is also included. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 134 EP 150 DI 10.2514/1.36017 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 590HT UT WOS:000277216800001 ER PT J AU Patnaik, G Moses, A Boris, JP AF Patnaik, Gopal Moses, Adam Boris, Jay P. TI Fast, Accurate Defense for Homeland Security: Bringing High-Performance Computing to First Responders SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB An urban-oriented emergency assessment system, called CT-Analyst (R) was developed to evaluate airborne contaminant transport threats and to aid in making rapid decisions for complex-geometry environments such as cities where current transport and dispersion methods are slow and inaccurate. Contaminant transport-Analyst was designed for the military prior to 9/11 to incorporate verbal reports, to treat systems with mobile sensors, and to function in realistic situations where the nature, amount, and source location of an airborne contaminant or a chemical, biological, or radiological agent is unknown. Thus contaminant transport-Analyst is well suited to urban defense in the Homeland Security context. Contaminant transport-Analyst gives good accuracy and much greater speed than possible with current alternatives because is it based on entirely new principles and designed to function in information-starved situations, characterizing the first few minutes of a terrorist or accident scenario, where alternate technologies do not. These advantages derive from pre-computed data structures based on three-dimensional large-eddy simulation computational fluid dynamics that includes solar heating and buoyancy, complete building geometry specification, trees, and impressed wind fluctuations. A few detailed urban aerodynamics simulations are pre-computed for each coverage region when contaminant transport-Analyst is installed. These results extend to all wind directions, speeds, likely sources and source locations through a new data structure called Dispersion Nomografs (TM). Thus a high-performance computing based system can generate Nomografs for cities, military bases, industrial complexes, and other potential danger areas well in advance, removing the need for the emergency first responders and warfighters to wait for supporting analyses. Furthermore, since the full power of high-performance computing is available for the pre-computations, contaminant transport-Analyst provides important, new, real-time, zero-latency functions such as sensor data fusion, backtracking to an unknown source location, and evacuation route planning directly to the first responder. Thus the Department of Homeland Security can avoid the delays and uncertainties of reachback to high-performance computing modeling resources and the associated support and communications infrastructure currently required during airborne contaminant transport emergencies. C1 [Patnaik, Gopal] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Ctr Computat Phys Dev, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Ctr Computat Phys Dev, NRL Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patnaik@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU ONR through NRL FX The authors wish to thank Bob Doyle, Keith Obenschain, Julie Pullen, Lisa Williams, and Theodore Young, Jr., the NRL contaminant transport team who made this technology practical and easy to use. Further thanks are due Carey Cox, Bo Cybyk, Jack Fulton, John Iselin, Sandy Landsberg, Charles Lind, and Rob Scott for their technical discussions and contributions to various components of this effort. Aspects of the work discussed here were supported by ONR through NRL, and in the past by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Office, NSWC Crane, DARPA, DTRA, MDA, TSWG, and the University of Houston. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 7 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.2514/1.26040 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 631QG UT WOS:000280362100002 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Software Testing and Reliability Strategies SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Software testing strategies are developed based on fault removal-deterministic and random. Based on literature search, it is appears that this is the first research that has evaluated these strategies. Deterministic fault removal is determined by the ranking of deviations of the time of fault occurrence from statistical control chart upper limit. Random removal of faults is selected by random number generation. Counterintuitively, random fault removal proved to be the better strategy based on improvement in reliability metrics across a series of tests. Contrariwise, deterministic fault removal was better when the cost effectiveness of fault removal was considered. Fault and failure data from three diverse projects were used to make the strategy assessment: NASA Space Shuttle flight software, Japanese University application, and a database application. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RI Gogi, Vivekanand S/O-6941-2016; Bahadurdesai, Vikram /P-9984-2016 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 9 BP 294 EP 307 DI 10.2514/1.49220 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 658XK UT WOS:000282527600002 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Software Development Queuing Model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY AB Queueing models have been applied to the fault detection and correction process [1,2]. In addition, analysis of the time spent by faults in a software testing system has led naturally to an increased interest in the dynamics of queuing networks, which are used to model such systems. Analytical as well as simulation models have been used to study the behavior of queues and fault correction stations in testing systems [3]. Both analytical and simulation models are employed in an attack on relieving fault bottlenecks in fault correction systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 308 EP 321 DI 10.2514/1.40133 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 687CZ UT WOS:000284753500001 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW Gefken, PR AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu Gefken, Paul R. TI Diagnostic-Photographic Determination of Drag/Lift/Torque Coefficients of a High Speed Rigid Body in a Water Column SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE body-flow interaction; drag coefficient; lift coefficient; torque coefficient; fast rigid body in water column; diagnostic-photographic method ID FALLING CYLINDER; PREDICTION AB Prediction of a rigid body falling through water column with a highspeed (such as Mk-84 bomb) needs formulas for drag/lift and torque coefficients, which depend oil various physical processes such as free surface penetration and babbles. A semi-empirical method is developed in this study to determine the drag/lift and torque coefficients for a fast-moving rigid body in a water column. The theoretical part is to derive the relationships (called diagnostic relationships) between (drag, lift, and torque) coefficients cold (position and orientation) of the rigid body from the three momentum equations and the three moment of momentum equations. The empirical part is to collect data of trajectory, and orientation of a fast-moving rigid body using multiple high-speed video cameras (10,000 Hz). Substitution of the digital photographic data into the theoretical relationships leads to semi-empirical formulas of drag/lift and torque coefficients, which are functions of the Reynolds number, attack angle, and rotation rate. This method was verified by 1/12th Mk-84 bomb strike experiment with various tail configurations (tail section with four fins, two fins, and no fin and no-tail section) conducted at the SRI test site. The cost of this method is much lower than the traditional method rising the wind tunnel. Various trajectory patterns are found for different tail configurations. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3173767] C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 94025 USA. [Gefken, Paul R.] SRI Int, Polter Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 94025 USA. FU The Office of Naval Research Breaching Technology Program [N0001405WR20209]; Naval Oceanographic Office FX The Office of Naval Research Breaching Technology Program (Grant No. N0001405WR20209) and Naval Oceanographic Office supported this study. The program manager is Brian Almquist. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2010 VL 77 IS 1 AR 011015 DI 10.1115/1.3173767 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 516WO UT WOS:000271574200015 ER PT J AU Cress, CD Schauerman, CM Landi, BJ Messenger, SR Raffaelle, RP Walters, RJ AF Cress, Cory D. Schauerman, Christopher M. Landi, Brian J. Messenger, Scott R. Raffaelle, Ryne P. Walters, Robert J. TI Radiation effects in single-walled carbon nanotube papers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alpha-particle effects; carbon nanotubes; carrier density; electrical conductivity; energy loss of particles; localised states; tunnelling ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; IRRADIATION; TRANSISTORS; CONDUCTION; NETWORKS AB The effects of ionizing radiation on the temperature-dependent conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) papers have been investigated in situ in a high vacuum environment. Irradiation of the SWCNT papers with 4.2 MeV alpha particles results in a steady decrease in the SWCNT paper conductivity, resulting in a 25% reduction in room temperature conductivity after a fluence of 3x10(12) alpha particles/cm(2). The radiation-induced temperature-dependent conductivity modification indicates that radiation damage causes an increase in the effective activation barrier for tunneling-like conductivity and a concomitant increase in wavefunction localization of charge carriers within individual SWCNTs. The spatial defect generation within the SWCNT paper was modeled and confirms that a uniform displacement damage dose was imparted to the paper. This allows the damage coefficient (i.e., differential change in conductivity with fluence) for alpha particles, carbon ions, and protons to be compared with the corresponding nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) of the incident particle. The resulting nonlinear relationship with NIEL between these parameters is distinct from the more typical linear response observed in many bulk semiconductors and superconductors and indicates that localized radiation damage in the SWCNT papers has a greater impact than distributed damage. Although SWCNT papers behave largely as a bulk material with properties that are a convolution of the underlying SWCNT distribution, the radiation response appears to be largely dominated by degradation in the preferred one-dimensional conduction within these two-dimensionally confined nanostructures. C1 [Cress, Cory D.; Messenger, Scott R.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schauerman, Christopher M.; Landi, Brian J.; Raffaelle, Ryne P.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Cress, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cory.cress@nrl.navy.mil RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Government; National Research Council FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Defense and in part by the U.S. Government. C. D. C. acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the National Research Council and is grateful to J. H. Warner, B. D. Weaver, and G. G. Jernigan for helpful discussions and for their review of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 014316 DI 10.1063/1.3268470 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600090 ER PT J AU Flynn, RA Bussmann, K Simpkins, BS Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Long, JP AF Flynn, Richard A. Bussmann, Konrad Simpkins, B. S. Vurgaftman, Igor Kim, Chul Soo Long, James P. TI Propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons determined by emission from introduced surface discontinuities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; gold; nanoparticles; optical losses; optical waveguides; polaritons; surface plasmons ID METAL STRIPES; MICROSCOPY AB Flexible far-field microscopy methods suitable for directly measuring surface plasmon polariton propagation along optically thick or buried waveguides are introduced. The methods monitor the local intensity of surface plasmon polaritons by imaging the light scattered when the plasmons encounter discontinuities in the form of (i) the terminal end of the guide, (ii) randomly dispersed nanoparticles, and (iii) nanoholes drilled through the guide. Measurements by these three methods give consistent values to within similar to 15% of 39 mu m for the propagation length along 5-mu m-wide Au-stripe waveguides deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer and excited at a wavelength of 860 nm. This range is due to varying losses associated with the introduction of the nanoholes and nanoparticles. These losses are quantified and could be reduced with realistic experimental improvements. Finite-element computations find that propagation in these optically thick (107 nm) guides is intrinsically limited not only by Ohmic losses, but also by radiation emitted into the substrate from the stripe edges. The radiative loss depends on the slope of the edge sidewall and on the wafer oxide thickness, both of which must be considered when reconciling experiment with theory. C1 [Flynn, Richard A.; Simpkins, B. S.; Long, James P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, Konrad] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vurgaftman, Igor; Kim, Chul Soo] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flynn, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.flynn.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; jp.long@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while R. A. F. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 013109 DI 10.1063/1.3273480 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600009 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL O'Shea, PG Feldman, DW Shaw, JL AF Jensen, K. L. O'Shea, P. G. Feldman, D. W. Shaw, J. L. TI Emittance of a field emission electron source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field emitter arrays; space charge ID EMITTER-ARRAY DEVELOPMENT; MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; VACUUM ELECTRONICS; RF PHOTOINJECTORS; NEEDLE CATHODES; CURRENT PULSES; PERFORMANCE; AMPLIFIERS; BEAMS AB An analytical formula of the emittance of a field emitter is given. In contrast to thermal and photoemission, such a formula contains complexity due to the multidimensional nature of the source. A formulation of emittance is given for one- and three-dimensional (3D) field emitters. The 3D formulation makes use of the point charge model of a unit cell emitter coupled with a trajectory analysis to follow electrons to an evaluation plane where emittance is determined. The single tip theory is extended to an array and the resulting theory predicts the emittance of a Spindt-type square array of emitters 0.2 cm on a side producing 2000 A/cm(2) is 23 mm mrad. Theory compares favorably with experimental measurements in the literature from ungated and gated sources. The impacts of several complications are estimated: the effects of a gate for modulating the emitter; the influence of space charge within the unit cell on the beam; and constraints imposed by modulation frequency, emitter dimensions, and rise/fall time requirements for turning a beam on and off, as determined by the array's RLC characterization. C1 [Jensen, K. L.; Shaw, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Shea, P. G.; Feldman, D. W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Energy Res Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office FX We gratefully acknowledge support provided by the Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office. We also thank C. Brau (Vanderbilt University) for suggestions resulting in the manuscript's improvement. NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.3267288 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600116 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, Kevin L. TI Space charge effects in field emission: Three dimensional theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field emission; field emitter arrays; space charge; work function ID VACUUM ELECTRONICS; NEEDLE CATHODES; EMITTER ARRAYS; CODE; GUN; INJECTORS; DENSITY; BEAMS; AREA AB Field emitters rely on high gradients on microfabricated structures to enable substantial levels of emitted current, which can in turn act to reduce the field at the emission site of a single emitter. An account of that effect is obtained in the following steps: a model of the emitter geometry based on the point charge model that allows for the determination of the apex radius and field enhancement factor for arbitrarily sharp emitter structures is given, followed by an analytical formula for the calculation of total current from such a structure and then by a model of the effect of emitted current in suppressing the field at the emission site. Predictions of the impact of space charge on the emitted current are made and compared to findings of Barbour [Phys. Rev. 92, 45 (1953)] for sharpened structures with varying work function. A discussion is given of the method to combine single tip three-dimensional results with a study of space charge on field emission in one dimension. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Joint Technology Office FX We gratefully acknowledge support provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Joint Technology Office. We also thank A. Rokhlenko and J. L. Lebowitz (Rutgers University) and P. G. O'Shea and D. W. Feldman (University of Maryland) for helpful discussions. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 014905 DI 10.1063/1.3272688 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600118 ER PT J AU Rokhlenko, A Jensen, KL Lebowitz, JL AF Rokhlenko, A. Jensen, K. L. Lebowitz, J. L. TI Space charge effects in field emission: One dimensional theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE current density; electric field effects; electrodes; field emission; space charge ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; VACUUM ELECTRONICS; NEEDLE CATHODES; EMITTER ARRAYS; LIMITED FLOW; GUN; INJECTORS; BEAMS; CODE AB The current associated with field emission is greatly dependent on the electric field at the emitting electrode. This field is a combination of the electric field in vacuum and the space charge created by the current. The latter becomes more important as the current density increases. Here, a study is performed using a modified classical one dimensional (1D) Child-Langmuir description that allows for exact solutions in order to characterize the contributions due to space charge. Methods to connect the 1D approach to an array of periodic three dimensional structures are considered. C1 [Jensen, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rokhlenko, A.; Lebowitz, J. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Math, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lebowitz, J. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU AFOSR [AF-FA 9550-07]; Naval Research Laboratory; Joint Technology Office FX The work of A. R. and J. L. L. was supported in part by AFOSR Grant No. AF-FA 9550-07; they thank Dr. R. Barker for useful discussions. The work of K. L. J. was supported provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Joint Technology Office; he thanks K. Nguyen (Beam Wave Research) and J. Petillo (SAIC) for useful discussions. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 014904 DI 10.1063/1.3272690 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600117 ER PT J AU Burt, C AF Burt, Clarissa TI Loss and Memory: The Exilic Nihilism of Wadi Saadah, Australia's Lebanese Emigre Poet SO JOURNAL OF ARABIC LITERATURE LA English DT Article DE Wadi Saadah; poetry; Mahjar; alienation; loss AB Wadi Saadah, poet of the new Lebanese Mahjar, writes the loss and alienation which have been salient features of the experience the generation who came of age in the early 1970s and witnessed the horrors of recent Lebanese history. In his inimitable prose-poetic style, he documents the existential vortex which draws him in, but from which his poems escape as exquisite flares shot from afar, illuminating for us brilliantly, briefly where he has gone, tracers of personal, generational, and historical dissolution. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burt, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0085-2376 J9 J ARABIC LIT JI J. Arab. Lit. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 195 DI 10.1163/157006410X486800 PG 16 WC Asian Studies; Literature SC Asian Studies; Literature GA 674CN UT WOS:000283711400013 ER PT J AU Lang, JE Bono, JV Whiddon, DR Salyapongse, AK Moezzi, DM Smith, EL AF Lang, Jason E. Bono, James V. Whiddon, David R. Salyapongse, Aaron K. Moezzi, Darius M. Smith, Eric L. TI Stability of Revision Acetabular Components Using the Rim-Fit Technique SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE revision hip arthroplasty; cementless revision acetabulum; cavitary defect; digital radiography ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; FOLLOW-UP; BIPOLAR ENDOPROSTHESIS; RECONSTRUCTION; DEFECTS; CLASSIFICATION; REPLACEMENT; DEFICIENCY; FAILURE; GRAFTS AB Use of the rim-fit technique in revision acetabular surgery was reviewed for 20 hips in 18 patients. Defects at revision surgery included isolated medial segmental and global cavitary deficiencies with largely intact peripheral rim. A cementless acetabular component is placed to achieve a press-fit against the bony acetabular rim after morselized allograft and/or autograft was placed behind the cup. The average follow-up period was 68.3 months (5.7 years) (range, 27-112 months). Cup migration was assessed using digital radiography. Average vertical migration was 1.02 mm superiorly, and average horizontal migration was 0.8 mm medially. The abduction angle changed on average by 0.25 degrees. Use of the rim-fit technique for treatment of cavitary acetabular defects is associated with component stability and minimal component migration. C1 [Lang, Jason E.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Bono, James V.] New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA USA. [Whiddon, David R.] USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Salyapongse, Aaron K.] Webster Orthopaed Med Grp, Pleasanton, CA USA. [Moezzi, Darius M.] Flagstaff Ctr Bone & Joint Diosrders, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Smith, Eric L.] Tufts Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lang, JE (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 4th Floor,Watlington Hall,Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2008.09.013 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 594ZQ UT WOS:000277580800025 PM 19056229 ER PT J AU Herbers, THC Lentz, SJ AF Herbers, T. H. C. Lentz, S. J. TI Observing Directional Properties of Ocean Swell with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD VERIFICATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WAVE MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRA; NEARSHORE; GRAVITY; SONAR; BUOY; PERFORMANCE; MOTIONS AB Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are widely used for routine measurements of ocean currents and waves in coastal environments. These instruments have the basic capability to measure surface wave frequency-directional spectra, but the quality of the estimates is not well understood because of the relatively high noise levels in the velocity measurements. In this study, wave data are evaluated from two 600-kHz ADCP instruments deployed at 20- and 45-m depths on the Southern California continental shelf. A simple parametric estimation technique is presented that provides robust estimates of the gross directional wave properties, even when the data quality is marginal, as was often the case in this benign wave environment. Good agreement of mean direction and (to a lesser degree) directional spreading estimates with measurements from a nearby surface-following buoy confirms that reliable wave information can generally be extracted from ADCP measurements on the continental shelf, supporting the instrument's suitability for routine wave-monitoring applications. C1 [Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lentz, S. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Herbers, THC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thherber@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Physical Oceanography Program) and the Office of Naval Research (Coastal Geosciences Program). The instruments were deployed and maintained by staff from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Naval Postgraduate School. We thank Julie Thomas and Bill O'Reilly for collecting and archiving the Waverider buoy observations and Paul Jessen and Jeremy Boyd for their help with the ADCP data analysis. We also appreciate helpful suggestions by the anonymous reviewers. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 210 EP 225 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO681.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800015 ER PT J AU Velamuri, SR Dew, N AF Velamuri, S. Ramakrishna Dew, Nicholas TI Evolutionary Processes, Moral Luck, and the Ethical Responsibilities of the Manager SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE business ethics; theoretical foundation; evolution; moral luck; ethical responsibility ID ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; ROUTINES; HABITS AB The responsibilities of the manager have been examined through several lenses in the business ethics literature: Kantian (Bowie, 1999), contractarian (Donaldson and Dunfee, 1999), consequentialist (Friedman, 1970), and virtue ethics (Solomon, 1992), to name just four. This paper explores what the ethical responsibilities of the manager would look like if viewed through an evolutionary lens. Discussion is focused on the impact of evolutionary thinking on the process of moral reasoning, rather than on the sources or the substance of morality. The conclusion is reached that the evolutionary lens supports the view that moral luck plays an important role in how we assign ethical responsibilities. C1 [Velamuri, S. Ramakrishna] CEIBS, Shanghai 201206, Peoples R China. [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Velamuri, SR (reprint author), CEIBS, 699 Hongfeng Rd, Shanghai 201206, Peoples R China. EM rvelamuri@ceibs.edu; ndew@nps.edu NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10551-009-0071-7 PG 14 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 540GX UT WOS:000273320600008 ER PT J AU O'Neill, LW Chelton, DB Esbensen, SK AF O'Neill, Larry W. Chelton, Dudley B. Esbensen, Steven K. TI The Effects of SST-Induced Surface Wind Speed and Direction Gradients on Midlatitude Surface Vorticity and Divergence SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; GULF-STREAM; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; OCEAN AB The effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability having spatial scales of 100 1000 km are investigated using vector wind observations from the Sea Winds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite and SST from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite. The wind-SST coupling is analyzed over the period June 2002 August 2008, corresponding to the first 61 years of the AMSR-E mission. Previous studies have shown that strong wind speed gradients develop in response to persistent mesoscale SST features associated with the Kuroshio Extension, Gulf Stream, South Atlantic, and Agulhas Return Current regions. Midlatitude SST fronts also significantly modify surface wind direction; the surface wind speed and direction responses to typical SST differences of about 2 degrees-4 degrees C are, on average, about 1-2 m s(-1) and 4 degrees-8 degrees, respectively, over all four regions. Wind speed perturbations are positively correlated and very nearly collocated spatially with the SST perturbations. Wind direction perturbations, however, are displaced meridionally from the SST perturbations, with cyclonic flow poleward of warm SST and anticyclonic flow poleward of cool SST. Previous observational analyses have shown that small-scale perturbations in the surface vorticity and divergence fields are related linearly to the crosswind and downwind components of the SST gradient, respectively. When the vorticity and divergence fields are analyzed in curvilinear natural coordinates, the wind speed contributions to the SST-induced vorticity and divergence depend equally on the crosswind and downwind SST gradients, respectively. SST-induced wind direction gradients also significantly modify the vorticity and divergence fields, weakening the vorticity response to crosswind SST gradients while enhancing the divergence response to downwind SST gradients. C1 [O'Neill, Larry W.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chelton, Dudley B.; Esbensen, Steven K.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Oceanog Satellite Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP O'Neill, LW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM larry.oneill@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 67 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 255 EP 281 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2613.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500004 ER PT J AU Tsalik, EL Jones, D Nicholson, B Waring, L Liesenfeld, O Park, LP Glickman, SW Caram, LB Langley, RJ van Velkinburgh, JC Cairns, CB Rivers, EP Otero, RM Kingsmore, SF Lalani, T Fowler, VG Woods, CW AF Tsalik, Ephraim L. Jones, Daphne Nicholson, Bradly Waring, Lynette Liesenfeld, Oliver Park, Lawrence P. Glickman, Seth W. Caram, Lauren B. Langley, Raymond J. van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C. Cairns, Charles B. Rivers, Emanuel P. Otero, Ronny M. Kingsmore, Stephen F. Lalani, Tahaniyat Fowler, Vance G. Woods, Christopher W. TI Multiplex PCR To Diagnose Bloodstream Infections in Patients Admitted from the Emergency Department with Sepsis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BACTEREMIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RAPID DETECTION; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; ROD BACTEREMIA; UNITED-STATES; SEPTIC SHOCK; IDENTIFICATION AB Sepsis is caused by a heterogeneous group of infectious etiologies. Early diagnosis and the provision of appropriate antimicrobial therapy correlate with positive clinical outcomes. Current microbiological techniques are limited in their diagnostic capacities and timeliness. Multiplex PCR has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections and fill this diagnostic gap. We identified patients from two large academic hospital emergency departments with suspected sepsis. The results of a multiplex PCR that could detect 25 bacterial and fungal pathogens were compared to those of blood culture. The results were analyzed with respect to the likelihood of infection, sepsis severity, the site of infection, and the effect of prior antibiotic therapy. We enrolled 306 subjects with suspected sepsis. Of these, 43 were later determined not to have infectious etiologies. Of the remaining 263 subjects, 70% had sepsis, 16% had severe sepsis, and 14% had septic shock. The majority had a definite infection (41.5%) or a probable infection (30.7%). Blood culture and PCR performed similarly with samples from patients with clinically defined infections (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.64 and 0.60, respectively). However, blood culture identified more cases of septicemia than PCR among patients with an identified infectious etiology (66 and 46, respectively; P = 0.0004). The two tests performed similarly when the results were stratified by sepsis severity or infection site. Blood culture tended to detect infections more frequently among patients who had previously received antibiotics (P = 0.06). Conversely, PCR identified an additional 24 organisms that blood culture failed to detect. Real-time multiplex PCR has the potential to serve as an adjunct to conventional blood culture, adding diagnostic yield and shortening the time to pathogen identification. C1 [Tsalik, Ephraim L.; Park, Lawrence P.; Caram, Lauren B.; Fowler, Vance G.; Woods, Christopher W.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Jones, Daphne; Nicholson, Bradly] Durham VA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. [Glickman, Seth W.; Cairns, Charles B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rivers, Emanuel P.; Otero, Ronny M.] Wayne State Univ, Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI USA. [Langley, Raymond J.; van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C.; Kingsmore, Stephen F.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Lalani, Tahaniyat] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Waring, Lynette; Liesenfeld, Oliver] Roche Mol Diagnost, Pleasanton, CA USA. RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs 111H, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM woods004@mc.duke.edu RI van Velkinburgh, Jennifer/D-7205-2015 OI kingsmore, stephen/0000-0002-3758-4631; van Velkinburgh, Jennifer/0000-0002-4592-2397 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [5U01-AI066569-5]; Roche Molecular Sciences FX The cohort defined in this study draws from two other studies (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00258869 and grant/cooperative agreement number U38/CCU423095). This work was supported by NIH grant 5U01-AI066569-5 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as well as a research grant from Roche Molecular Sciences (to C. W. W.). NR 33 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1128/JCM.01447-09 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576NL UT WOS:000276151500002 PM 19846634 ER PT J AU Fraser, M Elgamal, A He, XF Conte, JP AF Fraser, Michael Elgamal, Ahmed He, Xianfei Conte, Joel P. TI Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring of a Highway Bridge SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Structural health monitoring; Highway bridge; Sensor network; Video; Internet; System identification ID SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; MODAL-ANALYSIS; DAMAGE; ALGORITHMS AB A bridge monitoring TestBed is developed as a research environment for sensor networks and related decision-support technologies. A continuous monitoring system, capable of handling a large number of sensor data channels and three video signals, is deployed on a four-span, 90-m long, reinforced concrete highway bridge. Of interest is the integration of the image and sensor data acquisition into a single computer, thereby providing accurate time synchronization between the response and corresponding traffic loads. Currently, video and acceleration records corresponding to traffic induced vibration are being recorded. All systems operate online via a high-speed wireless Internet network, allowing real-time data transmission. Elements of the above health monitoring framework are presented herein. Integration of these elements into an automated functional system is emphasized. The recorded data are currently being employed for structural system identification via a model-free technique. Effort is also underway to correlate the moving traffic loads with the recorded accelerations. Finally, the TestBed is available as a resource for verification of new sensor technologies, data acquisition/transmission algorithms, data mining strategies, and for decision-support applications. C1 [Elgamal, Ahmed; Conte, Joel P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fraser, Michael] USN, Facil Engn Command SW, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. [He, Xianfei] AECOM Transportat, Orange, CA 92868 USA. RP Elgamal, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mfraser@ucsd.edu; elgamal@ucsd.edu; jpconte@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation [0205720] FX Support of this research was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0205720. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (UCSD Calit2, http://www.calit2.net) for providing fellowship support to this project. Finally, the writers wish to acknowledge Mr. Minh Phan for his major contributions in development of the health monitoring Web portal (http://healthmonitoring.ucsd.edu). NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000005 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 536ID UT WOS:000273037200003 ER PT J AU Groshens, TJ AF Groshens, Thomas J. TI Synthesis, characterization, and coordination chemistry of the dihydrobis(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)borate anion SO JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coordination polymers; Bridging ligands; Tetrazolylborate; 5-Aminotetrazole; Boronium ion ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; WATER SUBSTRUCTURES; LIGAND; POLYMERS AB The new anionic dihydrobis(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)borate ligand was synthesized in high yield and structurally characterized. Electron donating effects of the amino substituent on the tetrazole ring are discussed comparing the basicity and coordination chemistry to the previously reported unsubstituted dihydrobistetrazol-1-ylborate anion. Both mono- and diprotonated ligand species were isolated and structurally characterized. Increased sigma-electron donating strength of the aminotetrazole compound provides more than one tetrazolyl nitrogen position capable of metal coordination. One-dimensional coordination polymers of {H2B(H2NCN4)2}2Cu(NH3)2 and {H2B(H2NCN4)2}Zn(NH3)Cl are structurally characterized demonstrating both a symmetrically bridging and a new unsymmetrically bridging motif involving more than one of the tetrazolyl ring positions of the ligand. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Groshens, TJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM thomas.groshens@navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0095-8972 J9 J COORD CHEM JI J. Coord. Chem. PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1882 EP 1892 AR PII 923377538 DI 10.1080/00958972.2010.495775 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 622ZP UT WOS:000279706500006 ER PT J AU Go, DS Kearney, M Korman, V Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Go, Delfin S. Kearney, Marna Korman, Vijdan Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen TI Wage Subsidy and Labour Market Flexibility in South Africa SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID IMPERFECT COMPETITION; SCALE ECONOMIES; UNEMPLOYMENT; COUNTRIES AB We use a general equilibrium model to analyse the employment effects and fiscal cost of a wage subsidy in South Africa. We capture the structural characteristics of the labour market with several labour categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences. The employment impact depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labour are complements in production. The impact is improved by supporting policies, but the gains remain modest if the labour market is rigid. C1 [Thierfelder, Karen] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Go, Delfin S.; Korman, Vijdan] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Kearney, Marna] Quantec, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Thierfelder, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM thier@usna.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-0388 J9 J DEV STUD JI J. Dev. Stud. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1481 EP 1502 AR PII 928635542 DI 10.1080/00220380903428456 PG 22 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 671ZG UT WOS:000283552200001 ER PT J AU Veauthier, JM Chavez, DE Tappan, BC Parrish, DA AF Veauthier, Jacqueline M. Chavez, David E. Tappan, Bryce C. Parrish, Damon A. TI Synthesis and Characterization of Furazan Energetics ADAAF and DOATF SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE burning rate; furazan; heat of formation; performance; sensitivity ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NITROFURAZANS; OXIDATION; SERIES; HMX AB The synthesis and structural characterization of bis[4-aminofurazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan (ADAAF) and 3,4:7,8:11,12:15,16-tetrafurazano-1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14-octaazacyclohexadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene-1,10-dioxide (DOATF) are described. Explosive sensitivity properties of both materials were determined. The heat of formation of ADAAF was measured to be 300kcal/mol and the detonation velocity and pressure of ADAAF were measured to be 7.88km/s and 299 kbar, respectively, at 94% theoretical maximum density. We also investigated the burning rate characteristics of ADAAF. C1 [Veauthier, Jacqueline M.; Chavez, David E.; Tappan, Bryce C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Veauthier, Jacqueline M.; Chavez, David E.; Tappan, Bryce C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Expt Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Veauthier, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J582, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM veauthier@lanl.gov OI Veauthier, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2206-7786 FU DoD/DOE FX The authors thank Dan Hooks for helpful discussion related to crystal packing; Stephanie Hagelberg for elemental analyses; Mary Sandstrom and Geoff Brown for thermal analyses; Daniel Preston, Gabe Avilucea, and Ernie Hartline for sensitivity tests; Joe Lloyd, Eric Sanders, and Dennis Montoya for performance testing; and Dave Oschwald for assistance with burning rate studies. This work was supported by the DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Technology Development Program. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 229 EP 249 AR PII 922886252 DI 10.1080/07370651003601769 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 609UV UT WOS:000278683900005 ER PT J AU Fleming, A Sekhavat, P Ross, IM AF Fleming, Andrew Sekhavat, Pooya Ross, I. Michael TI Minimum-Time Reorientation of a Rigid Body SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) ID SPACECRAFT; FEEDBACK AB Recent advances in optimal control theory and computation are used to develop minimum-time solutions for the rest-to-rest reorientation of a generic rigid body. It is shown that the differences in the geometry of the inertia ellipsoid and the control space lead to counterintuitive noneigenaxis maneuvers. The optimality of the open-loop solutions are verified by an application of Pontryagin's principle as a necessary condition and not as a problem-solving tool. It is shown that the nonsmoothness of the lower Hamiltonian compounds the curse of dimensionality associated in solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations for feedback solutions. These difficulties are circumvented by generating Caratheodory-pi trajectories, which are based on the fundamental notion that a closed loop does not necessarily imply closed-form solutions. While demonstrating the successful implementation of the proposed method for practical applications, these closed-loop results reveal yet another counterintuitive phenomenon: a suggestion that parameter uncertainties may aid the optimality of the maneuver rather than hinder it. C1 [Fleming, Andrew] Leffler Consulting LLC, Chantilly, VA 20152 USA. [Sekhavat, Pooya; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fleming, A (reprint author), Leffler Consulting LLC, Chantilly, VA 20152 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.2514/1.43549 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 543QC UT WOS:000273592300014 ER PT J AU Tintle, SM Wilson, K McKay, PL Andersen, RC Kumar, AR AF Tintle, S. M. Wilson, K. McKay, P. L. Andersen, R. C. Kumar, A. R. TI SIMULTANEOUS PEDICLED FLAPS FOR COVERAGE OF COMPLEX BLAST INJURIES TO THE FOREARM AND HAND (WITH SUPPLEMENTAL EXTERNAL FIXATION TO THE ILIAC CREST FOR IMMOBILIZATION) SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-EUROPEAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE complex soft tissue coverage; flap reconstruction; external fixation; open fracture; war injury ID GROIN FLAP; ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES; WAR; EXPERIENCE; LESSONS; DORSAL; MEDICINE; SURFACES; CAMPAIGN; DEFECTS AB The technique of two simultaneous pedicled flaps to a single extremity has recently proven useful in the care of war-injured military personnel. We present two cases of combat-injured Marines who underwent upper extremity reconstruction using simultaneous pedicled flaps. These cases illustrate a simple and successful alternative to free tissue transfer in providing coverage to complex soft tissue defects of the hand and forearm. Good outcomes were obtained in circumstances where free tissue transfer was not indicated. C1 [Tintle, S. M.; Wilson, K.; McKay, P. L.; Andersen, R. C.; Kumar, A. R.] USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Tintle, SM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM s6stintle@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-1934 J9 J HAND SURG-EUR VOL JI J. Hand Surg.-Eur. Vol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35E IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1177/1753193409347428 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 549VR UT WOS:000274082900001 PM 19843626 ER PT J AU MacGregor, AJ Shaffer, RA Dougherty, AL Galarneau, MR Raman, R Baker, DG Lindsay, SR Golomb, BA Corson, KS AF MacGregor, Andrew J. Shaffer, Richard A. Dougherty, Amber L. Galarneau, Michael R. Raman, Rema Baker, Dewleen G. Lindsay, Suzanne R. Golomb, Beatrice A. Corson, Karen S. TI Prevalence and Psychological Correlates of Traumatic Brain Injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE military; posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD; traumatic brain injury ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; HEAD-INJURY; COMBAT VETERANS; SEVERITY SCORE; EVENT; REGISTRY; AMNESIA AB Objective: To describe the prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among injured male combatants in the Iraq conflict. Participants: A total of 781 men injured during military combat between September 2004 and February 2005. Main Outcome Measures: Mental health diagnosis (ICD-9 290-319), particularly posttraumatic stress disorder and mood/anxiety disorders, assigned through November 2006. Results: 15.8% met criteria for TBI (13.4% mild, 2.4% moderate-severe TBI), 35.0% other head injury, and 49.2% non-head injury. Multivariate logistic regression suggested lower rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and mood/anxiety disorders among those with mild and moderate-severe TBI. Conclusions: These findings could reflect a problem with differential diagnosis or, conversely, a low rate of self-presentation for symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the psychological consequences, clinical implications, and overall impact of TBI among military combat veterans. C1 [MacGregor, Andrew J.; Shaffer, Richard A.; Galarneau, Michael R.; Corson, Karen S.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Dougherty, Amber L.] Sci Applications Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Raman, Rema; Baker, Dewleen G.; Golomb, Beatrice A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Baker, Dewleen G.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Lindsay, Suzanne R.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Dougherty, AL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM amber.dougherty@med.navy.mil FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC FX This work was supported by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under Work Unit No. 60819. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2007.0004). NR 53 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 550XC UT WOS:000274165800001 PM 20051901 ER PT J AU Tao, GH Guo, Y Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Tao, Guo-Hong Guo, Yong Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic 1,5-diamino-4H-tetrazolium nitro-substituted azolates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; IONIC LIQUIDS; DETONATION PRESSURES; THEORETICAL-MODELS; CHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES; DENSITY; FAMILY; EXPLOSIVES AB 1,5-Diaminotetrazole (DAT) is a fascinating component in the construction of high-energy-density materials because of its extremely high nitrogen content (similar to 84%). Three DAT nitro-substituted azolate salts were synthesized and fully characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, thermal stability, phase behavior, and density. 1,5-Diamino-4H-tetrazolium 5-nitrotetrazolate salt (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic system Pbca. The detonation pressure (P) values calculated for these salts range from 28.05 to 29.88 GPa, and the detonation velocities (D) from 8343 to 8655 m s(-1), which make them competitive energetic materials. Each of the compounds has an oxygen balance approaching zero (-23.8 to -33.5%). Their impact sensitivities were determined. The salts were compared using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the nitro-substituted azolate anions. These CHNO-explosives, DAT nitro-substituted azolate salts, are potential green energetic materials which are obtained via a straightforward synthetic route. C1 [Tao, Guo-Hong; Guo, Yong; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; NSF [CHE-0315275]; ONR [N00014-06-1-1032] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the DTRA (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), the NSF (CHE-0315275), and the ONR (N00014-06-1-1032). NR 73 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 15 BP 2999 EP 3005 DI 10.1039/b925267c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 576NR UT WOS:000276152100013 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Sapp, M Vincelli, J Gupta, MC AF Kumar, Aniruddha Sapp, Mark Vincelli, Jay Gupta, Mool C. TI A study on laser cleaning and pulsed gas tungsten arc welding of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy tubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloy; Fiber laser; Cleaning; Welding ID TITANIUM; SURFACES; DECONTAMINATION; REMOVAL; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONSERVATION AB An alternate cleaning process to chemical process of Ti-3Al-2.5V tube surface by a pulsed fiber laser and welding of the laser-cleaned tubes with end fittings by Pulsed Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW-P) technique is reported in this paper. Results on surface morphology, hardness, chemical composition, metallography and X-ray radiography are presented for laser assisted cleaning and welding of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy tubes. Welding of laser-cleaned samples show excellent weld quality. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Aniruddha; Gupta, Mool C.] Univ Virginia, Charles L Brown Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Sapp, Mark; Vincelli, Jay] USN, Div Aircraft, Air Warfare Ctr, Cherry Point, NC 28533 USA. RP Gupta, MC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charles L Brown Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mgupta@virginia.edu FU NAVAIR FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by NAVAIR. They thank Bill Stone, Kevin Woodland, Bob Taylor and Charles Lei from NAVAIR. The authors are indebted to Teh-Hwa Wong, J.P. Panakkal, AX Sengupta, K. Ravi and D. Mukherjee for useful discussuions during the work. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.08.017 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 531BD UT WOS:000272636800008 ER PT J AU Hagerott, MR AF Hagerott, Mark R. TI From Hot War to Cold: The US Navy and National Security Affairs, 1945-1955 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hagerott, Mark R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hagerott, MR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 299 EP 301 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300080 ER PT J AU Narducci, FA Scully, MO AF Narducci, Frank A. Scully, Marlan O. TI Festschrift in Memory of Lorenzo M. Narducci - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Narducci, Frank A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 14-15 BP 1195 EP 1195 AR PII 926511069 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.510871 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 646YO UT WOS:000281581800001 ER PT J AU Gordon, K DeSavage, S Duncan, D Welch, GR Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Gordon, K. DeSavage, S. Duncan, D. Welch, G. R. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Recoil-induced resonances for optical switching SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE recoil-induced resonance; cold atoms; optical switching ID LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; CESIUM AB We have investigated recoil-induced resonances in laser-cooled atoms for the purpose of developing an optical switch. In contrast to our earlier experiments 8, we employ a system in which the trapping beams are left on during the course of the measurement. We not only find the expected narrow resonance but also a much wider resonance. The widths of the wide and narrow resonances differ by three orders of magnitude. In addition, the two resonances show different temporal dynamics. We explore the utility of each resonance as an optical switch. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Gordon, K.; DeSavage, S.; Duncan, D.] Aerosp Mass Properties Anal Inc, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. [Welch, G. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Welch, G. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 3190,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frank@aps.org FU Office of Naval Research [N001409WX20679]; Department of the Navy [N00178-06-D-4679-4Y01] FX F.A.N. would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Danielle Braje. J.P.D. and F.A.N. gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research under a Section 219 grant, and under Grant N001409WX20679. G.R.W. gratefully acknowledges Faculty Development Leave from Texas A&M University.; The work as part of Kyle H. Gordon, Sara A. DeSavage and Dwight L. Duncan's official duties as Federal Government Contractors is published by permission of the Naval Air System Command, Department of the Navy under Contract Numbers N00178-06-D-4679-4Y01. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 19 SI SI BP 1849 EP 1857 AR PII 929761895 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.522259 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 682NO UT WOS:000284410500004 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, C. M. TI Nanowire and Nanocable Intrinsic Quantum Capacitances and Junction Capacitances: Results for Metal and Semiconducting Oxides SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; FERRITE CIRCULATORS; SILICON NANOWIRES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE AB Here we calculate the intrinsic quantum capacitance of RuO2 nanowires and RuO2/SiO2 nanocables (filled interiors of nanotubes, which are empty), based upon available ab initio density of states values, and their conductances allowing determination of transmission coefficients. It is seen that intrinsic quantum capacitance values occur in the aF range. Next, expressions are derived for Schottky junction and p-n junction capacitances of nanowires and nanocables. Evaluation of these expressions for RuO2 nanowires and RuO2/SiO2 nanocables demonstrates that junction capacitance values also occur in the aF range. Comparisons are made between the intrinsic quantum and junction capacitances of RuO2 nanowires and RuO2/SiO2 nanocables, and between them and intrinsic quantum and junction capacitances of carbon nanotubes. We find that the intrinsic quantum capacitance of RuO2-based nanostructures dominates over its junction capacitances by an order of magnitude or more, having important implications for energy and charge storage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cliff.krowne@nrl.navy.mil NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2010 AR 160639 DI 10.1155/2010/160639 PG 27 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 744KO UT WOS:000289093500001 ER PT J AU Luca, F Marques, D Stanica, P AF Luca, Florian Marques, Diego Stanica, Pantelimon TI On the spacings between C-nomial coefficients SO JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article DE Sequences ID NUMBERS; FORMS AB Let (C(n))(n >= 0) be the Lucas sequence C(n+2) = aC(n+1) + bC(n) for all n >= 0, where C(0) = 0 and C(1) = 1. For 1 <= k <= m - 1 let [m k](c) = C(m)C(m-1) ... C(m-k+1)/C(1) ... C(k) be the corresponding C-nomial coefficient. When C(n) = F(n) is the Fibonacci sequence (the numbers [m k](F) are called Fibononnials), or C(n) = (q(n) - 1)/(q - 1), where q > 1 is an integer (the numbers [m k](q) are called q-binomial, or Gaussian coefficients), we show that there are no nontrivial solutions to the Diophantine equation [m k](f) = [n l](f) or [m k](q) = [n l](q) with (m, k) not equal (n, l) other than the obvious ones (n, l) = (m, m - k). We also show that the difference vertical bar[m k](f) - [n l](f)vertical bar tends to infinity when (m, k, n, l) are such that 1 <= k <= m/2, 1 <= l <= n/2, (m, k) not equal (n, l) and max{m, n) tends to infinity in an effective way. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marques, Diego; Stanica, Pantelimon] Univ Brasilia, Dept Matemat, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Luca, Florian] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marques, D (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Matemat, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM fluca@matmor.unam.mx; diego@mat.unb.br; pstanica@nps.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 FU SEP-CONACyT [79685]; PAPIIT [100508]; ONR VSP [N62909-09-1-4009]; CNPq; CAPES; Air Force-CVAQ; NPS-RIP FX The first author was supported in part by Grants SEP-CONACyT 79685, PAPIIT 100508 and ONR VSP N62909-09-1-4009. The second author was supported by CNPq and CAPES. The third author was partially supported by Air Force-CVAQ (D. Nussbaum) and NPS-RIP. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-314X J9 J NUMBER THEORY JI J. Number Theory PD JAN PY 2010 VL 130 IS 1 BP 82 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jnt.2009.07.015 PG 19 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 511YX UT WOS:000271209100006 ER PT J AU Landerville, AC Conroy, MW Oleynik, II White, CT AF Landerville, Aaron C. Conroy, Michael W. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. TI Prediction of Isothermal Equation of State of an Explosive Nitrate Ester by van der Waals Density Functional Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET AB A new energetic material, nitrate ester 1 (NEST-1), has shown promise as a powerful, technologically attractive explosive. Its physical properties under compression, however, are currently unknown. Accurate, density functional calculations together. with a, reliable empirical van der Waals-correction are employed to predict the isothermal hydrostatic equation of state for this material prior to any known experimental results. The accuracy of results obtained from this approach was tested against experimentally known NEST-1 equilibrium properties and found to be excellent. C1 [Landerville, Aaron C.; Conroy, Michael W.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landerville, AC (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM alanderv@shell.cas.usf.edu RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); NRL; ARO DURIP FX The work at USF and NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and NRL. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities, USF Research Computing Cluster, and computational facilities of Materials Simulation Laboratory at the University of South Florida funded by ARO DURIP. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.1021/jz900026j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 586KD UT WOS:000276905600074 ER PT J AU Zheng, YX Shinoda, T Kiladis, GN Lin, JL Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Giese, BS AF Zheng, Yangxing Shinoda, Toshiaki Kiladis, George N. Lin, Jialin Metzger, E. Joseph Hurlburt, Harley E. Giese, Benjamin S. TI Upper-Ocean Processes under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL CYCLE; INDIAN-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; MODEL; COORDINATE; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 20 degrees S, 85 degrees W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area under the stratus cloud deck. Upper-ocean processes responsible for balancing the surface heat flux are examined by estimating each term in the heat equation. In contrast to surface heat fluxes, geostrophic transport in the upper 50 m causes net cooling in most of the stratus cloud deck region. Ekman transport provides net warming north of the IMET site and net cooling south of the IMET site. Although the eddy heat flux divergence term can be comparable to other terms at a particular location, such as the IMET mooring site, it is negligible for the entire stratus region when area averaged because it is not spatially coherent in the open ocean. Although cold-core eddies are often generated near the coast in the eddy-resolving model, they do not significantly impact the heat budget in the open ocean in the southeast Pacific. C1 [Zheng, Yangxing; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Metzger, E. Joseph; Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lin, Jialin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Giese, Benjamin S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zheng, YX (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yangxing.zheng@noaa.gov RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1223, NA17RJ1224, NA17RJ1225]; CNES; Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR; NSF [OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897, ATM-0745872, OCE-0351802]; office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4310146] FX Data from the Stratus Ocean Reference Station were made available by Dr. Robert Weller of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; these data were collected with support from Pan American Climate Study and Climate Observation Programs of the Office of Global Programs, NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Grants NA17RJ1223, NA17RJ1224, and NA17RJ1225. We are thankful for the altimeter products which were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (available online at http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). This work was supported in part by a grant from the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR. Yangxing Zheng is supported by NSF Grant OCE-0453046. Toshiaki Shinoda is supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046 and ATM-0745897; in addition, Toshiaki Shinoda, E. Joseph Metzger, and Harley Hurlburt are supported by the 6.1 project Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by the office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. Jialin Lin is supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program and by NSF Grant ATM-0745872. Benjamin S. Giese is grateful for support from the NSF Grant OCE-0351802 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA06OAR4310146. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4213.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 547OP UT WOS:000273899200006 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Steinhurst, DA Kidwell, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Kidwell, David A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Thermal imaging of solid oxide fuel cell anode processes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Thermal imaging; Solid oxide fuel cell; In situ optics; Hydrocarbon fuels ID IN-SITU RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; SOFC; POLARIZATION; HYDROGEN; METHANOL; ETHANOL; SYSTEM AB A Si-charge-coupled device (CCD), camera-based, near-infrared imaging system is demonstrated on Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fragments and the anodes of working solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). NiO reduction to Ni by H(2) and carbon deposition lead to the fragment cooling by 5+/-2 degrees C and 16+/-1 degrees C, respectively. When air is flowed over the fragments, the temperature rises 24+/-1 degrees C as carbon and Ni are oxidized. In an operational SOFC, the decrease in temperature with carbon deposition is only 4.0+/-0.1 degrees C as the process is moderated by the presence of oxides and water. Electrochemical oxidation of carbon deposits results in a Delta T of +2.2+/-0.2 degrees C, demonstrating that electrochemical oxidation is less vigorous than atmospheric oxidation. While the high temperatures of SOFCs are challenging in many respects, they facilitate thermal imaging because their emission overlaps the spectral response of inexpensive Si-CCD cameras. Using Si-CCD cameras has advantages in terms of cost, resolution, and convenience compared to mid-infrared thermal cameras. High spatial (similar to 0.1mm) and temperature (similar to 0.1 degrees C) resolutions are achieved in this system. This approach provides a convenient and effective analytical technique for investigating the effects of anode chemistry in operating SOFCs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Kidwell, David A.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. M. B. P. acknowledges the National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship program. The authors acknowledge Karen E. Swider-Lyons and Jeremy J. Pietron at NRL for equipment use, and Professors Bryan W. Eichhorn and Robert A. Walker at the University of Maryland, College Park for helpful discussions. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 1 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.072 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 534GB UT WOS:000272883200036 ER PT J AU Lennon, E Burke, AA Ocampo, M Besser, RS AF Lennon, E. Burke, A. A. Ocampo, M. Besser, R. S. TI Microscale packed bed reactor for controlled hydrogen peroxide decomposition as a fuel cell oxidant aboard unmanned undersea vehicles SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microscale packed bed reactor; Hydrogen peroxide; Oxidant; Air-independent SOFC; Unmanned undersea vehicles ID CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEM AB The multiphase catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is notoriously susceptible to thermal runaway (heat of reaction: -98 kJ mol(-1)). The high surface area to volume ratio (S/V) in a microscale packed bed (MPB) reactor (radius 0.5 mm) was investigated for reducing the risk of thermal runaway during hydrogen peroxide decomposition to oxygen intended as a fuel cell oxidant aboard an unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV). A microscale reactor channel with a S/V of similar to 2 x 10(3) m(2) m(-3) simulated under convective cooling generated a significant heat rise (T rise similar to 100 K), whereas a microreactor with a higher S/V (similar to 200 x 10(3) m(2) m(-3)) achieved thermal control (T rise < 10 K) over the simulated reaction zone. Although thermal management was successfully accomplished using the higher S/V, experimental conversions of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen (5-18%) measured from the outlet were lower than simulated conversions (38-63%). Simulation assumptions, such as homogeneously dispersed flow and perfect catalyst interaction among other factors, contributed to the discrepancies between the simulated and experimental degrees of peroxide conversion to oxygen. Even though thermal control of the MPB was achieved, this work indicates that mass transfer limitations are a factor in the MPB reactor during a multiphase reaction, like decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water, and suggests means to overcome them even on the microscale level. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lennon, E.; Ocampo, M.; Besser, R. S.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Burke, A. A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lennon, E (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM elennon@stevens.edu; rbesser@stevens.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 1 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 534GB UT WOS:000272883200043 ER PT J AU Johnson, RT Montgomery, DC Jones, B Parker, PA AF Johnson, Rachel T. Montgomery, Douglas C. Jones, Bradley Parker, Peter A. TI Comparing Computer Experiments for Fitting High-Order Polynomial Metamodels SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optimal Design; Response Surface; Space-Filling Design ID MODELS; DESIGNS; EXAMPLE AB The use of simulation as a modeling and analysis tool is wide spread. Simulation is an enabling tool for experimenting virtually on a validated computer environment. Often the underlying function for a computer experiment result has too much curvature to be adequately modeled by a low-order polynomial. In such cases, finding an appropriate experimental design is not easy. We evaluate several computer experiments assuming the modeler is interested in fitting a high-order polynomial to the response data considering both optimal and space-filling designs. We also introduce a new class of hybrid designs that can be used for deterministic or stochastic simulation models. C1 [Johnson, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Syst & Operat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jones, Bradley] SAS Inst, JMP Div, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; Bradley.Jones@jmp.com; peter.a.parker@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 86 EP 102 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 541JS UT WOS:000273411700007 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL AF Apruzese, J. P. Giuliani, J. L. TI Multi-dimensional radiation transport for modeling axisymmetric Z pinches: Ray tracing compared to Monte Carlo solutions for a two-level atom SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Multi-dimensional radiative transfer; Z pinch; Ray tracing; Monte carlo solutions; Two-level atom; Escape probability; Multifrequency; Cylindrical geometry ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; HYDRODYNAMICS; IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; PLASMAS AB Radiation plays a critical role in the dynamical evolution and energetics of Z pinches and a dominant role for those loads designed as radiation sources in the keV photon energy region. Therefore, in modeling such plasmas it is essential to employ an accurate and realistic calculation of radiation generation and transport. This study presents a straightforward method to carry out three-dimensional radiation transport calculations in an azimuthally symmetric cylindrical geometry for use in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of high energy Z-pinch plasma radiation sources. The present approach is based on the integral solution of the radiative transfer equation using long characteristics with equal weight angular quadratures, and uses either a multifrequency grid or probability-of-escape-based zone-to-zone coupling. Using previously published Monte Carlo calculations of a two-level atom in cylindrical geometry as a benchmark, the accuracy of the approach is assessed as a function of the frequency grid, number of rays employed, and spatial grid. An analytic expression for the frequency averaged escape probability of an emission line is found to be as accurate for the population kinetics as the multifrequency method. While the escape probability description sacrifices information on the line profile, it is far more computationally efficient yet sufficiently accurate for line dominated plasmas such as Z-pinch radiation sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Apruzese, J. P.; Giuliani, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 111 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.06.007 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 523GU UT WOS:000272061300012 ER PT J AU Ganio, MS Armstrong, LE Johnson, EC Klau, JF Ballard, KD Michniak-Kohn, B Kaushik, D Maresh, CM AF Ganio, Matthew S. Armstrong, Lawrence E. Johnson, Evan C. Klau, Jennifer F. Ballard, Kevin D. Michniak-Kohn, Bozena Kaushik, Diksha Maresh, Carl M. TI Effect of quercetin supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake in men and women SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Flavonoid; maximal oxygen uptake; endurance; exercise; aerobic capacity ID EXERCISE; INGESTION; PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE; ILLNESS; HUMANS; MUSCLE AB Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The effect of quercetin supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake ((V) over dotO(2max)) is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to test the effects of quercetin supplementation on (V) over dotO(2max) in untrained, sedentary individuals. After baseline treadmill (V) over dotO(2max) testing, 11 participants (5 males, 6 females) ingested either placebo or quercetin-supplemented (1000 mg . day(-1)) food bars in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover research design. The participants ingested food bars for six consecutive mornings (5 days). On the sixth morning, participants underwent repeat (V) over dotO(2max) testing. After a 22 day wash-out, the participants repeated baseline (V) over dotO(2max) testing, daily consumption of the opposite food bars, and post-supplementation (V) over dotO(2max) testing. The condition x time interaction for (V) over dotO(2max) was non-significant when expressed in absolute (litres . min(-1); P=0.929) and relative (ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); P=0.778) terms. These findings were similar when taking sex into account (P>0.05). The mean difference in (V) over dotO(2max) change from pre to post between groups (quercetin vs. placebo) was 0.139 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1) (P=0.780). Other physiological measures also were similar between conditions (P>0.05). In conclusion, 5 days of quercetin supplementation did not influence (V) over dotO(2max) or related variables in sedentary men and women. C1 [Ganio, Matthew S.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.; Johnson, Evan C.; Klau, Jennifer F.; Ballard, Kevin D.; Maresh, Carl M.] Univ Connecticut, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT USA. [Johnson, Evan C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Michniak-Kohn, Bozena; Kaushik, Diksha] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Ganio, MS (reprint author), Texas Hlth Presbyterian Hosp Dallas, Inst Exercise & Environm Med, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. EM matthewganio@texashealth.org OI Ballard, Kevin/0000-0001-7587-1220 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-0414 J9 J SPORT SCI JI J. Sports Sci. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1080/02640410903428558 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 556VF UT WOS:000274620700010 PM 20054739 ER PT J AU Jackson, CF AF Jackson, Colin F. TI Lost Chance or Lost Horizon? Strategic Opportunity and Escalation Risk in the Korean War, April-July 1951 SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Escalation; Limited War; Korean War AB This article examines three questions surrounding American attempts at war termination in 1951. Was there a militarily feasible 'lost chance' for UN forces to advance to the narrow neck of the Korean peninsula? If so, why did American decisionmakers decline to pursue it? What effect might such operations have had on the course of the war and subsequent American thinking on limited war? It concludes that the US missed a critical opportunity to conclude the war on more favorable terms; that the American decision to forgo amphibious operations in June 1951 had less to do with military calculations than with the domestic political firestorm that followed MacArthur's relief; and that the 'lost chance' not only increased the cost and duration of the Korean War, but encouraged subsequent decision makers to overstate the risks of intra-war escalation and understate the risks of premature, de-escalation. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Jackson, CF (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 255 EP 289 AR PII 921630522 DI 10.1080/01402391003590499 PG 35 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 594MI UT WOS:000277541400004 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. TI Innovation in War: Counterinsurgency Operations in Anbar and Ninewa Provinces, Iraq, 2005-2007 SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Counterinsurgency; Anbar Province; Military Doctrine; Ramadi; Mosul AB This article analyzes operations by three battalions conducting counterinsurgency, or COIN, operations in Iraq over the period from July 2005 through March 2007: the 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment (1-7) along the Iraq-Syrian border in the first half of 2006; the 1st Battalion, 37th Armored Regiment (1-37) battalion operating in south-central Ramadi in the fall of 2006; and the 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, or 2-1, operating in eastern Mosul in 2005-06. The empirical evidence presented in these cases suggest that, contrary to popular perceptions, the units successfully innovated in war-a process largely executed organically within the units themselves. Innovation is defined here as the development of new organizational capacities not initially present when the units deployed into the theater. The evidence presented in these cases suggests that the innovation process enabled these units to successfully transition from organizations structured and trained for conventional military operations to organizations that developed an array of new organizational capacities for full-spectrum combat operations. The units in this study developed these new capacitites largely on their own initiative. C1 USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 595 EP 624 AR PII 926058316 DI 10.1080/01402390.2010.489715 PG 30 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 641VR UT WOS:000281159200007 ER PT J AU Turgut, A Orr, M Rouseff, D AF Turgut, Altan Orr, Marshall Rouseff, Daniel TI Broadband source localization using horizontal-beam acoustic intensity striations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE INVARIANT; SHALLOW-WATER; RANGE; FIELD AB Waveguide invariant theory is applied to horizontal line array (HLA) beamformer output to localize moving broadband noise sources from measured acoustic intensity striation patterns. Acoustic signals emitted by ships of opportunity (merchant ships) were simultaneously recorded on a HLA and three hydrophones separated by 10 km during the RAGS03 (relationship between array gain and shelf-break fluid processes) experiment. Hough transforms are used to estimate both the waveguide invariant parameter "beta" and the ratio of source range at the closest point of approach to source speed from the observed striation patterns. Broadband (50-150-Hz) acoustic data-sets are used to demonstrate source localization capability as well as inversion capability of waveguide invariant parameter beta. Special attention is paid to bathymetric variability since the acoustic intensity striation patterns seem to be influenced by range-dependent bathymetry of the experimental area. The Hough transform method is also applied to the HLA beam-time record data and to the acoustic intensity data from three distant receivers to validate the estimation results from HLA beamformer output. Good agreement of the results from all three approaches suggests the feasibility of locating broadband noise sources and estimating waveguide invariant parameter beta in shallow waters. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3257211] C1 [Turgut, Altan; Orr, Marshall] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rouseff, Daniel] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM turgut@wave.nrl.navy.mil FU R/V Endeavor; R/V Oceanus FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We thank Peter Mignerey David Walsh, Steve Wales, Jeff Schindall, Earl Carey, Michael McCord, and Mark Hulbert of the Naval Research Laboratory for their scientific contribution to the RAGS03 experiment. We also thank the captain and crew of the R/V Endeavor and R/V Oceanus for the excellent support throughout the RAGS03 experiment. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1121/1.3257211 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 540UF UT WOS:000273364700013 PM 20058952 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Guenthner, A Cash, J Irvin, JA Irvin, DJ AF Stenger-Smith, John D. Guenthner, Andrew Cash, Jessica Irvin, Jennifer A. Irvin, David J. TI Poly(propylenedioxy)thiophene-Based Supercapacitors Operating at Low Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE differential scanning calorimetry; electrolytes; high-temperature effects; liquid mixtures; polymer films; supercapacitors ID IONIC LIQUIDS; BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; POLYMERS; DEVICES AB A mixture of the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMIBTI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIPF6) was formulated. The thermal properties of the 50/50 binary mixture were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and cloud point measurement. No evidence of crystallization or phase separation during cooling at 1 degrees C/min to -60 degrees C was found. The devices constructed in this study were light weight, flexible, and hermetically sealed. These sealed devices proved effective against electrolyte leakage and performance degradation during temperature cycling. The performance of poly(propylenedioxy) thiophene (PProDOT)-based type I supercapacitors using a 50/50 wt % EMIBTI/EMIPF6 electrolyte mixture was compared to the performance using neat EMIBTI. It was difficult to deposit PProDOT films directly from the ionic liquid mixtures. However, it was possible to deposit PProDOT films from EMIBTI and then assemble and test the devices using the 50/50 mixture. The low temperature performance of the EMIBTI/EMIPF6 supercapacitors was superior to that of the EMIBTI-based supercapacitors, evidenced by the retention of capacitive behavior below -30 degrees C. The high temperature performance of the EMIBTI/EMIPF6 supercapacitors was nearly as good as the EMIBTI-based supercapacitors with 10% loss after 10,000 cycles at 70% depth of discharge at 60 degrees C. C1 [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Guenthner, Andrew; Cash, Jessica] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Irvin, David J.] Syst & Mat Res Corp, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Stenger-Smith, JD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM john.stenger-smith@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 FU Power Sources Strategic Technology Initiative Office FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research and, in particular, Dr. M. Anderson, Dr. P. Armistead, and Dr. R. Carlin; the Power Sources Strategic Technology Initiative Office for support, Dr. David Hess for the viscosity measurements, and student Michael Ford for technical assistance. The gift of Kapton HN from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company is greatly appreciated. The gift of the ShieldPack PPD material from Greg Less of T/J Technologies is greatly appreciated. The authors thank Dr. Gregory Ostrom and Mark Moran for assistance with electrode substrate preparation, and Dan Kline and Joe Hibbs III for technical assistance with the scanning electron microscopy. The authors also thank the reviewers, especially reviewer 1 for suggestions on our manuscript. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP A298 EP A304 DI 10.1149/1.3276094 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 552VO UT WOS:000274321900010 ER PT J AU Gould, BD Bender, G Bethune, K Dorn, S Baturina, OA Rocheleau, R Swider-Lyons, KE AF Gould, B. D. Bender, G. Bethune, K. Dorn, S. Baturina, O. A. Rocheleau, R. Swider-Lyons, K. E. TI Operational Performance Recovery of SO(2)-Contaminated Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ACIDIC MEDIUM; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; SO2 AB Airborne sulfur contaminants (SO(2), H(2)S, and COS) cause the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to degrade because they adsorb to the Pt catalysts and modify reaction sites for oxygen reduction. Electrochemical methods can be used for PEMFC performance recovery by oxidizing adsorbed sulfur species (SO(x)) on the Pt catalysts to sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) at high potentials and then removing them as water-soluble anions at low potentials. We examine the effectiveness of five distinct methods for PEMFC performance recovery after 3 h of exposure to 1 ppm SO(2) in air at 60 degrees C and 48.3 kPa(g) (7 psi) and relative humidity of 100 vertical bar 50% (anode vertical bar cathode). The methods are tested when the Pt surface is partially covered but not completely saturated with sulfur species. The methods include variations in the cathode potential and gas environment (N(2) or air). In the optimum method, the cells are switched from normal H(2) vertical bar air operation to H(2) vertical bar N(2) by electrochemically consuming O(2) in the air. The potential is then cycled between 0.09 and 1.1 V vs the potential at the anode to restore 97% of the platinum catalyst electrochemical surface area. This in situ N(2) cycling method returns the polarization curves of contaminated PEMFCs to their original performance in less than 3 min. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3483108] All rights reserved. C1 [Gould, B. D.; Baturina, O. A.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bender, G.; Bethune, K.; Dorn, S.; Rocheleau, R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gould, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6113, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM benjamin.gould@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work and R. Stroman and H. Gasteiger for their helpful discussions. B. D. G. is an American Society of Engineering Education postdoctoral fellow. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 11 BP B1569 EP B1577 DI 10.1149/1.3483108 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 675TH UT WOS:000283857900034 ER PT J AU Wang, X Lau, KC Turner, CH Dunlap, BI AF Wang, Xian Lau, Kah Chun Turner, C. Heath Dunlap, Brett I. TI Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of AC Impedance on the Cathode Side of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; PT(111) SURFACE; OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; SYSTEM; LAYER; SOFC; ELECTROLYTES; SPECTROSCOPY AB A kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the oxygen reduction reaction and frequency response at the cathode of a 9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia fuel cell, using an asymmetrical cell scheme. To investigate the frequency-response characteristics, ac electrochemical impedance spectra have been studied with respect to variations of different electrolyte thicknesses, temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and relative permittivity of the electrolyte. Within a wide frequency range (10(3)-10(9) Hz), our results show that both electrolyte and reaction resistances are strongly temperature-dependent, with the former linearly proportional to the thickness of the electrolyte, as expected. Among the physical parameters that we studied, the temperature and the thickness of the electrolyte have the most profound influence on both the ionic current density and the ac impedance spectra of the fuel cell. The oxygen partial pressure and the relative permittivity of the electrolyte have a smaller influence on the impedance within the frequency range of this study. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3251281] All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xian; Turner, C. Heath] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lau, Kah Chun] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hturner@eng.ua.edu RI Lau, Kah Chun/A-9348-2013; OI Lau, Kah Chun/0000-0002-4925-3397; Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU The Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The Office of Naval Research directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory supported this research. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP B90 EP B98 DI 10.1149/1.3251281 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527SQ UT WOS:000272387200030 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Pit Initiation on Aluminum as a Queueing Process SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTED ALUMINUM; MEAN FREE PATHS; ANODIC-DISSOLUTION; 50-2000-EV RANGE; DYNAMICS; ALLOYS AB The pitting corrosion of aluminum is modeled as a queueing process in which chloride ions (customers or units) enter the passive film and are serviced (form an emerging pit) at certain sites (servers) at the oxide/metal interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data show that chloride ions penetrate the passive film on aluminum and are considered to lie in a queue. The servicing (or processing) stage includes chloride-assisted localized dissolution of aluminum, development of local acidity within the emerging pit, and buildup of chloride ions within the developing pit. The arrival rate (lambda) of chloride ions is determined from quantitative XPS intensity data. The servicing rate (mu) has been determined from anodic polarization curves and also from Scully's criterion for stable pit growth. The following queueing characteristic parameters have been calculated: the number of units (L(q)) in the queue, the number of units (L) in the system (queue plus server), the average time (W(q)) a unit spends in the queue, and the average time (W) a unit spends in the system (queue and server). This is done for the following queueing systems: single queue with a single server, single queue with multiple servers, and multiple queues with single or multiple servers. A long time (W) in the system corresponds to a low rate for the ongoing corrosion reaction. The time (W) that a unit spends in the system is maximized for (i) a decrease in the number of servers, (ii) a decrease in the servicing rate mu, (iii) a decrease in the number of queues, or (iv) an increase in the arrival rate (up to lambda = mu). (c) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3482021] All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Consultant Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Consultant Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 11 BP C382 EP C387 DI 10.1149/1.3482021 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 675TH UT WOS:000283857900061 ER PT J AU Policastro, SA Carnahan, JC Zangari, G Bart-Smith, H Seker, E Begley, MR Reed, ML Reynolds, PF Kelly, RG AF Policastro, S. A. Carnahan, J. C. Zangari, G. Bart-Smith, H. Seker, E. Begley, M. R. Reed, M. L. Reynolds, P. F. Kelly, R. G. TI Surface Diffusion and Dissolution Kinetics in the Electrolyte-Metal Interface SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOPOROUS METALS; CORROSION; EVOLUTION AB Modeling of dealloying has often used a local bond-breaking approach to define the energy barrier to simulate dissolution and surface diffusion. The energy barriers are tacitly assumed to be independent of the local solution chemistry at the metal/solution interface. In this work, an interaction energy parameter is added to the local bond-breaking model that accounts for the species-specific physics of the actual atom-water molecule, atom-ion interactions and allows complex atomistic behavior to be abstracted in the modeling of the diffusion and dissolution processes. Variations in the interactions of the electrolyte components with the metal atoms led to the prediction of different surface morphologies on a binary alloy sample surface that mirror the behaviors experimentally observed in dealloying experiments in Au-Cu alloys including the formation of Au-enriched surface islands at applied potentials below the critical potential and three-dimensional porosity at applied potentials above the critical potential. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3478572] All rights reserved. C1 [Policastro, S. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Carnahan, J. C.; Reynolds, P. F.] Univ Virginia, Dept Comp Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Zangari, G.; Kelly, R. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bart-Smith, H.; Begley, M. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Reed, M. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Seker, E.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Shriners Hosp Children,Ctr Engn Med,Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Policastro, SA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Rickover Hall,MS 11-C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sap8b@virginia.edu RI Seker, Erkin/A-5762-2010; OI Seker, Erkin/0000-0003-2401-3562 FU National Science Foundation, NIRT [0507023] FX Research supported by the National Science Foundation, NIRT grant award no. 0507023. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 10 BP C328 EP C337 DI 10.1149/1.3478572 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 643OQ UT WOS:000281306900045 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, Junko Ngai, K. L. TI Comparison of Heterogeneous Dynamics in Ionic Liquids and Ionically Conducting Glasses from Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; silicate glasses; molecular dynamics simulations; dynamic heterogeneity; Levy distribution; multifractality AB Complex dynamics of ionic liquids exemplified by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate (EMIM-NO3) obtained from molecular dynamics simulations are compared with those of the Li ion dynamics in metasilicate glasses. Long term heterogeneous dynamics are found in both systems, and both are related to the Levy distribution and multifractality of the walks or flights. Corresponding heterogeneity is found in accumulated structures such as density profiles. Thus, density profiles with multifractal character are formed by the heterogeneous dynamics with a multifractal nature. C1 [Habasaki, Junko] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Ngai, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [19540396]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 19540396, 2007-2009.The work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 79 SU A DI 10.1143/JPSJS.79SA.145 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38JT UT WOS:000209340400037 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Thayyil, MS Shinyashiki, N AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Thayyil, M. Shahin Shinyashiki, N. TI Resolution of problems in soft matter dynamics by combining calorimetry and other spectroscopies SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on New Frontiers of Thermal Studies of Materials CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2008 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP JSCTA, SPCTAJ DE Glass transition; Thermal analysis; Adiabatic calorimetry; Water; Aqueous mixtures; Water in nano-confinement; Hydration water; Hydrated protein; Polymer blends; Polymer solutions ID GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; LIQUID TRANSITION; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLY(N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE-STAT-STYRENE); POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE) AB In several current important problems in different areas of soft matter physics, controversy persists in interpreting the molecular dynamics observed by various spectroscopies including dielectric relaxation, light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and neutron scattering. Outstanding examples include: (1) relaxation of water in aqueous mixtures, in molecular sieves and silica-gel nanopores, and in hydration shell of proteins; and (2) dynamics of each component in binary miscible polymer blends, in mixtures of an amorphous polymer with a small molecular glassformer, and in binary mixtures of two small molecular glassformers. We show the applications of calorimetry to these problems have enhanced our understanding of the dynamics and eliminated the controversies. C1 [Capaccioli, S.; Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Capaccioli, S.; Thayyil, M. Shahin] CNR INFM, PolyLab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Calicut 673635, Kerala, India. [Shinyashiki, N.] Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Capaccioli, S (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM capacci@df.unipi.it RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 NR 87 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 123 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10973-009-0500-y PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 551MI UT WOS:000274213300020 ER PT J AU Christov, IC Jordan, PM AF Christov, Ivan C. Jordan, P. M. TI On the Propagation of Second-Sound in Nonlinear Media: Shock, Acceleration and Traveling Wave Results SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article DE Lambert W-function; Maxwell-Cattaneo law; MUSCL-Hancock scheme; Rankine-Hugoniot conditions; Second-sound; Shock waves; Traveling wave solution ID LAMBERT-W-FUNCTION; HYPERBOLIC HEAT-CONDUCTION; DISCONTINUITY WAVES; THERMAL WAVES; 2ND SOUND; SOLIDS; THERMOELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION; AMPLITUDE AB An exhaustive study of thermal shock, acceleration (or temperature-rate) and traveling waves in media with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, and within which the flux is described by the Maxwell-Catteneo law, is presented. The resulting quasilinear, hyperbolic system of equations predicts a variety of interesting phenomena in such media including, but not limited to, dynamic thermal shock waves with jump-dependent wave speed, finite-time temperature-rate wave blow-up, and temperature-rate wave formation as traveling waves reach a critical speed. Both analytical (integral transforms, singular surface theory, solution of transcendental equations using special functions) and numerical approaches are used; the former are benchmarked against the latter where appropriate. Parallels are drawn between the nonlinear heat waves discussed in the present work and nonlinear wave phenomena in related oclassicalo continuum theories such as acoustics. C1 [Christov, Ivan C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Christov, IC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM christov@alum.mit.edu RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531 FU Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University; ONR/NRL [PE 061153N] FX This paper is based, in part, on material from [51, 52], which was contributed by the authors to the proceedings of The Eight International Congress on Thermal Stresses, June 1-4 2009, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. I. C. C. was supported by a Walter P. Murphy Fellowship from the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University. P.M.J. was supported by ONR/NRL funding (PE 061153N). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1109 EP 1135 AR PII 929784580 DI 10.1080/01495739.2010.517674 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 682PD UT WOS:000284414600001 ER PT J AU Pope, HG Poliakoff, MB Parker, MP Boynes, M Hudson, JI AF Pope, Harrison G., Jr. Poliakoff, Michael B. Parker, Michael P. Boynes, Matthew Hudson, James I. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Pope, Harrison G., Jr.; Boynes, Matthew; Hudson, James I.] McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. [Pope, Harrison G., Jr.; Boynes, Matthew; Hudson, James I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poliakoff, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Off Vice President Acad Affairs & Res, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Parker, Michael P.] USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pope, HG (reprint author), McLean Hosp, Biol Psychiat Lab, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM hpope@mclean.harvard.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1529-9732 J9 J TRAUMA DISSOCIATIO JI J. Trauma Dissociation PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 19 EP 20 DI 10.1080/15299730903318392 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 542MX UT WOS:000273499100002 PM 20063244 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, Ralph J. TI Separated Flow Measurements on a Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoil SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID VORTEX GENERATOR JETS; TRANSITION; BOUNDARY; BLADE AB Boundary layer separation, transition, and reattachment have been studied on a new, very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under low freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 330,000. In all cases, the boundary layer separated, but at high Reynolds number the separation bubble remained very thin and quickly reattached after transition to turbulence. In the low Reynolds number cases, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, even when transition occurred. This behavior contrasts with previous research on other airfoils, in which transition, if it occurred, always induced reattachment, regardless of Reynolds number. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3104608] C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2010 VL 132 IS 1 AR 011007 DI 10.1115/1.3104608 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 497ZX UT WOS:000270105600007 ER PT B AU Schein, AI Caver, JF Honaker, RJ Martell, CH AF Schein, Andrew I. Caver, Johnnie F. Honaker, Randale J. Martell, Craig H. BE Fred, A Filipe, J TI AUTHOR ATTRIBUTION EVALUATION WITH NOVEL TOPIC CROSS-VALIDATION SO KDIR 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval (KDIR 2010) CY OCT 25-28, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun DE Author attribution; Novel topic; Cross validation; Genre shift AB The practice of using statistical models in predicting authorship (so-called author attribution models) is long established. Several recent authorship attribution studies have indicated that topic-specific cues impact author attribution machine learning models. The arrival of new topics should be anticipated rather than ignored in an author attribution evaluation methodology; a model that relies heavily on topic cues will be problematic in deployment settings where novel topics are common. We develop a protocol and test bed for measuring sensitivity to topic cues using a methodology called novel topic cross-validation. Our methodology performs a cross-validation where only topics unseen in training data are used in the test portion. Analysis of the testing framework suggests that corpora with large numbers of topics lead to more powerful hypothesis testing in novel topic evaluation studies. In order to implement the evaluation metric, we developed two subsets of the New York Times Annotated Corpus including one with 15 authors and 23 topics. We evaluated a maximum entropy classifier in standard and novel topic cross validation in order to compare the mechanics of the two procedures. Our novel topic evaluation framework supports automatic learning of stylometric cues that are topic neutral, and our test bed is reproducible using document identifiers available from the authors. C1 [Schein, Andrew I.; Caver, Johnnie F.; Honaker, Randale J.; Martell, Craig H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 1 Univ Way, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schein, AI (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 1 Univ Way, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM aischein@nps.edu; jfcaver@nps.edu; rjhonaker@nps.edu; cmartell@nps.edu FU National Reconnaissance Office FX We would like to thank Constantine Perepelitsa for help tuning our evaluation scripts. Members of the Naval Postgraduate School Natural Language Processing Laboratory gave valuable feedback. We would like to thank the National Reconnaissance Office for funding that supported this work. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCITEPRESS PI SETUBAL PA AV D MANUELL, 27A 2 ESQ, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-28-7 PY 2010 BP 206 EP 215 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7XL UT WOS:000391896900025 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Ferraro, MS Rabinovich, WS Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Ferraro, Mike S. Rabinovich, William S. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. McGill, R. Andrew TI Waveguide micro-opto-electro-mechanical resonant chemical sensors SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL OSCILLATORS; MICROCANTILEVERS; CANTILEVER AB We demonstrate a silicon micro-opto-electro-mechanical sensor based on mass-loading of a chemo-selective polymer coated onto a microbridge. The sensor is probed optically using an on-chip waveguide Fabry-Perot interferometer for high resolution displacement and resonant frequency measurement. The mechanical resonator is designed with paddles to simplify chemo-selective polymer deposition and to minimize any strain effects from the polymer during analyte sorption. Water vapor sensing experiments indicate mass-loading with minimum humidity detection of Delta RH = 0.25% corresponding to a measured limit-of-detection of 68 parts-per-million. The sensor response time constant is 30 s with minimum frequency noise of 58 Hz at 149.4 kHz resonance. The measured mass-loading resolution is 4.6 picograms. We extract the chemo-selective polymer's partition coefficient and confirm that strong sorption and mass-loading occurs. Various device improvements are discussed, including scaling up to large single-chip sensor arrays, increasing mass-loading resolution by adjusting the device geometry, and using other chemo-selective polymers with larger partition coefficients. These improvements suggest parts-per-billion limit-of-detection levels for a variety of toxic chemicals. C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.; Stievater, Todd H.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Rabinovich, William S.; Stepnowski, Jennifer L.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcel.pruessner@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We thank C.-S. Kim (NRL) for wire-bonding the devices, and L. D. Epp (NRL) for machining the flow-cell. M. W. Pruessner thanks D. King and the NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI) staff for cleanroom access and assistance with device fabrication. The authors acknowledge the support of the US Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 762 EP 768 DI 10.1039/b920463f PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 567UB UT WOS:000275471000012 PM 20221565 ER PT J AU Terray, A Hart, SJ AF Terray, Alex Hart, Sean J. TI "Off-the-shelf'' 3-D microfluidic nozzle SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FLOW AB We present the construction and operation of a microfluidic nozzle created using several standard fluidic parts available commercially. By elegantly combining several pieces from a standard assembly, a capillary and a few other standard parts, we were able to develop a novel device. Using this device, precise axisymmetric flow focusing of particles was achieved and observed at the exit of the nozzle and within a connected microfluidic device several centimetres away. Sheath and core flow rates were varied to show influence and control over the width of the focused particles. C1 [Terray, Alex; Hart, Sean J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 1729 EP 1731 DI 10.1039/b927244e PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 611NY UT WOS:000278824600014 PM 20376381 ER PT J AU Hashemi, N Howell, PB Erickson, JS Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Hashemi, Nastaran Howell, Peter B., Jr. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Golden, Joel P. Ligler, Frances S. TI Dynamic reversibility of hydrodynamic focusing for recycling sheath fluid SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; CELLS; MICROCHANNELS; GROOVES; MIXER AB The phenomenon of "unmixing" has been demonstrated in microfluidic mixers, but here we manipulate laminar flow streams back to their original positions in order to extend the operational utility of an analytical device where no mixing is desired. Using grooves in the channel wall, we passively focus a sample stream with two sheath streams to center it in a microchannel for optical analysis. Even though the sample stream is completely surrounded by sheath fluid, reversing the orientation of the grooves in the channel walls returns the sample stream to its original position with respect to the sheath streams. We demonstrate the separation of the sample stream from the contiguous sheath streams and the recycling of the sheath fluid using the reversibility of laminar flow. Polystyrene microspheres and fluorescent dye were used to quantify the performance of the unsheathing process. We found that the maximum numbers of microspheres and all of the fluorescent dye were recaptured at sheath recycling levels <92%. The use of this sheathing technique has previously been demonstrated in a sensitive microflow cytometer; the unsheathing capability now provides the opportunity to recover particles from the sensor with minimal dilution or to recycle the sheath fluid for long-term unattended operation. C1 [Hashemi, Nastaran; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Golden, Joel P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. EM Frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Hashemi, Nastaran/A-7645-2012; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Hashemi, Nastaran/0000-0001-8921-7588; Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU NIH [1UO1AI075489]; NRL 6.2 work unit [69-6339] FX We are grateful for critiques of this manuscript by Paul Yager and Greg Collins. We would like to thank Mansoor Nasir for help with confocal microscopy. NH is an ASEE Postdoctoral Fellow. This work was supported by NIH Partnership Grant 1UO1AI075489 and NRL 6.2 work unit 69-6339. The views are the authors own and do not represent opinion or policy of NIH, HHS, the US Navy or DoD. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 15 BP 1952 EP 1959 DI 10.1039/c004696e PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 624VX UT WOS:000279851200010 PM 20480064 ER PT J AU Nasir, M Price, DT Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, F AF Nasir, Mansoor Price, Dorielle T. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Ligler, Frances TI Effect of diffusion on impedance measurements in a hydrodynamic flow focusing sensor SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID COULTER-COUNTER; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CELL ANALYSIS; T-SENSOR; BIOSENSOR; DEVICES; MICROFLUIDICS; CONDUCTIVITY; IMMUNOASSAY; RESOLUTION AB This paper investigated the effects of diffusion between non-conductive sheath and conductive sample fluids in an impedance-based biosensor. Impedance measurements were made with 2- and 4-electrode configurations. The 4-electrode design offers the advantage of impedance measurements at low frequencies (<1 kHz) without the deleterious effects of double layer impedance which are present in the 2-electrode design. Hydrodynamic flow focusing was achieved with a modified T-junction design with a smaller cross-section for the sample channel than for the focusing channel, which resulted in 2D focusing of the sample stream with just one sheath stream. By choosing a non-conductive sheath fluid and a conductive sample fluid, the electric field was confined to the focused stream. In order to utilize this system for biosensing applications, we characterized it for electrical and flow parameters. In particular, we investigated the effects of varying flow velocities and flow-rate ratios on the focused stream. Increasing flow-rate ratios reduced the cross-sectional area of the focused streams as was verified by finite element modeling and confocal microscopy. Antibody mediated binding of Escherichia coli to the electrode surface caused an increase in solution resistance at low frequencies. The results also showed that the diffusion mass transport at the interface of the two streams limited the benefits of increased flow focusing. Increasing flow velocities could be used to offset the diffusion effect. To optimize detection sensitivity, flow parameters and mass transport must be considered in conjunction, with the goal of reducing diffusion of conducting species out of the focused stream while simultaneously minimizing its cross-sectional area. C1 [Nasir, Mansoor; Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Ligler, Frances] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Price, Dorielle T.] Univ S Florida, BioMEMS, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Price, Dorielle T.] Univ S Florida, Microsyst Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Ligler, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [AA07CBT015] FX This project is funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA #AA07CBT015). The authors would like to thank Dr G. Justin, Dr D. Mott and Dr Stanislav Tsoi at NRL, and Dr Shekhar Bhansali at the University of South Florida for discussions. Mansoor Nasir was a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellow. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 2787 EP 2795 DI 10.1039/c005257d PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656FZ UT WOS:000282314200020 PM 20725680 ER PT S AU Kim, AM Olsen, RC Borges, CF AF Kim, Angela M. Olsen, Richard C. Borges, Carlos F. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Simulating full-waveform LIDAR SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XV CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE LIDAR model; Monte Carlo simulation; PROSPECT Leaf Reflectance model; full-waveform AB A simple Monte Carlo model of laser propagation through a tree is presented which allows the simulation of full-waveform LIDAR signatures. The model incorporates a LIDAR system and a 'natural' scene, including an atmosphere, tree and ground surface. The PROSPECT leaf reflectance model is incorporated to determine leaf radiometric properties. Changes in the scene such as varying material reflectance properties, sloped vs. flat ground, and comparisons of tree 'leaf-on' vs. 'leaf-off' conditions have been analyzed. Changes in the LIDAR system have also been studied, including the effects of changing laser wavelength, shape and length of transmitted pulses, and angle of transmission. Results of some of these simulations are presented. C1 [Kim, Angela M.; Olsen, Richard C.; Borges, Carlos F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM amkim@nps.edu RI Rogers, King/G-5482-2010; Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8148-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7684 AR 768411 DI 10.1117/12.849747 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSM51 UT WOS:000284940500033 ER PT S AU Johnson, SL Papantonakis, MR Haglund, RF AF Johnson, Stephen L. Papantonakis, Michael R. Haglund, Richard F. BE Miotello, A Ossi, PM TI Deposition of Polymer and Organic Thin Films Using Tunable, Ultrashort-Pulse Mid-Infrared Lasers SO LASER-SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR NEW MATERIALS PRODUCTION: TAILORING STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; ABLATION; EXCITATION; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; POWER AB Advanced processing techniques for organic and polymer materials are critical to the burgeoning use of these versatile materials in electronic and electro-optic thin-film devices. Tunable, ultrashort-pulse mid-infrared lasers offer a promising new tool for laser-mediated deposition of these thermally labile materials, because they can be operated in a regime that largely avoids pathways to electronic excitation and are thus less prone to inducing destructive photochemical processes. This paper outlines the fundamental issues in the use of tunable mid-infrared lasers in the processing of organic materials, from the perspective of thin-film deposition by laser ablation. Consideration of the effect on laser ablation of spatially and temporally dense vibrational excitation leads to a figure of merit for comparing the process yield of lasers with varying pulse durations, energies and intensities. The mechanisms of mid-infrared laser ablation are examined using recent studies of three model materials: polystyrene, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(tetrafitioroethylene). Examples of thin-film deposition of technologically interesting polymers and nanoparticles by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) are presented. Finally, current developments in mid-infrared laser technology suitable for the processing of organic molecules, polymers and functional nanoparticles are presented. C1 [Johnson, Stephen L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Haglund, Richard F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Papantonakis, Michael R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, SL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-03306-3 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2010 VL 130 BP 177 EP 202 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BOL79 UT WOS:000276961000008 ER PT J AU Letada, P Shumaker, P Uebelhoer, N Landers, J AF Letada, Philip Shumaker, Peter Uebelhoer, Nathan Landers, John TI TREATMENT OF FOCAL ALILLARY HYPERHIDROSIS USING A LONG PULSED Nd:YAG 1064 nm LASER AT HAIR REDUCTION SETTINGS SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine and Surgery CY APR 16-18, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 [Letada, Philip; Shumaker, Peter; Uebelhoer, Nathan; Landers, John] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2010 SU 22 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 578LL UT WOS:000276295000120 ER PT J AU Trinkunas, HA AF Trinkunas, Harold A. TI THE TRANSFORMATION OF VENEZUELA SO LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Trinkunas, HA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LATIN AMER STUDIES ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 416 BELLEFIELD HALL, UNIV PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA SN 0023-8791 J9 LAT AM RES REV JI Lat. Am. Res. Rev. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 693HM UT WOS:000285215200012 ER PT B AU Corbin, BG Bouton, EN AF Corbin, Brenda G. Bouton, Ellen N. BE Isaksson, E Lagerstrom, J Holl, A Bawdekar, N TI Mentoring LISA SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY VI: 21ST CENTURY ASTRONOMY LIBRARIANSHIP, FROM NEW IDEAS TO ACTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Library and Information Services in Astronomy CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL Pune, INDIA SP Allied Publishers, Informatics Ltd, Monitor Informat Serv, Springer Pvt Ltd, Universal Book Serv, Aryabhatta Res Inst Observ Sci, Bose Inst, Indian Inst Astrophys, InterUniversity Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Phys Res Lab, Raman Res Inst, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Tat Inst Fundamental Res AB LISA meetings began with a core group of librarians who continued to work on planning future conferences. A Preliminary Organizing Committee (POC) was formed by this group after LISA I. Brief biographies of these early POC members, Ellen Bouton, Brenda Corbin, Marlene Cummins, and Sarah Stevens-Rayburn are given. The formation of the fundraising group Friends of LISA (FOL) is also briefly discussed. C1 [Corbin, Brenda G.] USN Observ, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bouton, Ellen N.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Corbin, BG (reprint author), USN Observ, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-746-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 433 BP 11 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BUU28 UT WOS:000290361400003 ER PT J AU Carboni, C George, AK Al-Shizawi, W Zoghaib, MW Naciri, J AF Carboni, Carlo George, Abraham K. Al-Shizawi, Wafa Zoghaib, Michael W. Naciri, Jawad TI Threshold field for switching the de Vries SA* phase in a low molar mass organosiloxane material SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE organosiloxane; de Vries phase ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION; DEVICES AB The existence of a threshold field for the onset of switching in the organosiloxane material, ETSiKN65, has been investigated. This material displays a de Vries smectic A* type phase, and the presence of the threshold confers an anti-ferroelectric-like response. However, it has been found that the value of the threshold depends on the thickness of the specimen, in fact it vanishes altogether if the specimen is more than 20 m thick. It is concluded that the threshold is due to a complex anchoring mechanism at the interface with the cell walls. C1 [Carboni, Carlo; George, Abraham K.; Al-Shizawi, Wafa] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Al Khoud 123, Oman. [Zoghaib, Michael W.] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, Al Khoud 123, Oman. [Naciri, Jawad] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carboni, C (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman. EM carlo@squ.edu.om FU Sultan Qaboos University [IG/SCI/PHYS/09/03]; US Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Sultan Qaboos University (grant number IG/SCI/PHYS/09/03) and by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1427 EP 1431 AR PII 929462546 DI 10.1080/02678292.2010.519058 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 680IS UT WOS:000284226200009 ER PT S AU Dolk, D AF Dolk, Daniel BE Sodhi, MS Tang, CS TI Structured Modeling and Model Management SO LONG VIEW OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE: THE PAST AND THE FUTURE SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECISION-SUPPORT; SML LANGUAGE; ENVIRONMENT; PROTOTYPE; SYSTEM; KNOWLEDGE AB We discuss Geoffrion's contribution to model management and the practice of modeling through his structured modeling formalism. We review the trajectory of structured model management research, enumerating the contributions and limitations of both structured modeling and model management in general. We summarize by suggesting how Geoffrion's work could be leveraged to contribute to a next generation of model management. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dolk, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4419-6809-8 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2010 VL 148 BP 63 EP 88 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6810-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6810-4 PG 26 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BST37 UT WOS:000285741500005 ER PT S AU Brown, GG Rosenthal, RE AF Brown, Gerald G. Rosenthal, Richard E. BE Sodhi, MS Tang, CS TI Optimization Tradecraft: Hard-Won Insights from Real-World Decision Support SO LONG VIEW OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE: THE PAST AND THE FUTURE SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Practitioners of optimization-based decision support advise commerce and government on how to coordinate the activities of millions of people who employ assets worth trillions of dollars. The contributions of these practitioners substantially improve planning methods that benefit our security and welfare. The success of real-world optimization applications depends on a few trade secrets that are essential, but that rarely, if at all, appear in textbooks. This paper summarizes a set of these secrets and uses examples to discuss each. C1 [Brown, Gerald G.; Rosenthal, Richard E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4419-6809-8 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2010 VL 148 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6810-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6810-4 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BST37 UT WOS:000285741500007 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Montes, MJ Fusina, RA Parrish, C Sellars, J Weidemann, A Goode, W Nichols, CR Woodward, P McIlhany, K Hill, V Zimmerman, R Korwan, D Truitt, B Schwarzschild, A AF Bachmann, Charles M. Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert A. Parrish, Christopher Sellars, Jon Weidemann, Alan Goode, Wesley Nichols, C. Reid Woodward, Patrick McIlhany, Kevin Hill, Victoria Zimmerman, Richard Korwan, Daniel Truitt, Barry Schwarzschild, Arthur TI Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery in the Very Shallow Water Limit: A Case Study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; shallow-water bathymetry; bottom type; IOP; Hydrolight; Virginia Coast Reserve AB We focus on the validation of a simplified approach to bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) in the very shallow water limit (less than 1-2 m), where many existing bathymetric LIDAR sensors perform poorly. In this depth regime, near infrared (NIR) reflectance depends primarily on water depth (water absorption) and bottom type, with suspended constituents playing a secondary role. Our processing framework exploits two optimal regions where a simple model depending on bottom type and water depth can be applied in the very shallow limit. These two optimal spectral regions are at a local maximum in the near infra-red reflectance near 810 nm, corresponding to a local minimum in absorption, and a maximum in the first derivative of the reflectance near 720 nm. These two regions correspond to peaks in spectral correlation with bathymetry at these depths. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parrish, Christopher; Sellars, Jon] NOAA NGS, Springfield, MA USA. [Weidemann, Alan; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis, MS USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Woodward, Patrick] Marine Informat Resources Corp, Ellicott City, MD USA. [McIlhany, Kevin] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hill, Victoria; Zimmerman, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Truitt, Barry] Nature Conservancy, Nassawadox, VA USA. [Schwarzschild, Arthur] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) FX This article was also funded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1080/01490410903534333 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 574HP UT WOS:000275980300004 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Nichols, CR Montes, MJ Li, RR Woodward, P Fusina, RA Chen, W Mishra, V Kim, W Monty, J Mcilhany, K Kessler, K Korwan, D Miller, WD Bennert, E Smith, G Gillis, D Sellars, J Parrish, C Schwarzschild, A Truitt, B AF Bachmann, Charles M. Nichols, C. Reid Montes, Marcos J. Li, Rong-Rong Woodward, Patrick Fusina, Robert A. Chen, Wei Mishra, Vimal Kim, Wonkook Monty, James Mcilhany, Kevin Kessler, Ken Korwan, Daniel Miller, W. David Bennert, Ellen Smith, Geoff Gillis, David Sellars, Jon Parrish, Christopher Schwarzschild, Arthur Truitt, Barry TI Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; substrate bearing strength; liquid water absorption; light-weight deflectometer; dynamic deflection modulus; dynamic cone penetrometer; grain size; barrier islands; beaches; dunes; mudflats; salt pannes; salt marshes; Virginia Coast Reserve ID GRAIN-SIZE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AVIRIS DATA; SNOW; SPECTROSCOPY; SANDS AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface properties of substrates such as type, moisture, and grain size. These are critical parameters that determine the substrate bearing strength. Although HSI only sees the surface layer, statistics can be derived that relate surface properties to the likely bearing strength of soils in particular regions. This information can be used to provide an initial map estimate on large scales of potential bearing strength. We describe an initial validation study at the Virginia Coast Reserve relating airborne HSI to in situ spectral and geotechnical measurements through a spectral-geotechnical lookup table (LUT). C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Woodward, Patrick] Marine Informat Resources Corp, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Mishra, Vimal; Kim, Wonkook; Monty, James] Purdue Univ, Applicat Remote Sensing Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mcilhany, Kevin] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kessler, Ken] Kessler Soils Engn, Springfield, VA USA. [Sellars, Jon; Parrish, Christopher] NOAA NOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schwarzschild, Arthur] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Truitt, Barry] Nature Conservancy, Nassawaddox, VA USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7332, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Mishra, Vimal/F-7281-2010; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015; OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU Office of Naval Research; National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) FX The authors acknowledge platform support from the Office of Naval Research. This paper was funded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). The opinions, views, and conclusions found within the paper do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Defense or the NGA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 116 AR PII 923709584 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.492278 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 619RY UT WOS:000279449200001 ER PT J AU Faas, RW Reed, AH AF Faas, Richard W. Reed, Allen H. TI Comparative Analysis of Two Techniques for Determining the Rheological Properties of Fluid Mud Suspensions SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 'apparent' viscosity; flow diagrams; rheology; shear rates; yield stress ID CONCENTRIC CYLINDER VISCOMETERS; YIELD-STRESS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BENTONITE DISPERSIONS; COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES; WATER-ALCOHOL; FLOW BEHAVIOR; SEDIMENT; VISCOSITY; PARTICLE AB Rheological analyses of fluid mud suspensions from three different estuarine and near shore coastal environments showed little variability when processed as Newtonian (fixed shear rates) and non-Newtonian (variable shear rates), the former as used by Brookfield Engineering Company and the latter according to Krieger and Maron (1954). Superimposed flow behavior curves and rheograms, constructed as both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, showed little deviation from each other. While individual shear rates at each rpm may differ, the overall viscous relationships (i.e., yield stress, 'apparent' viscosities, and flow behavior) are nearly identical. If non-Newtonian flow behavior is assumed, we suggest that the data analysis be performed according to Krieger and Maron (1954). If only general behavior patterns are desired, the Newtonian data analysis appears quite adequate. C1 [Faas, Richard W.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Reed, Allen H.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Faas, RW (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rfaas@cableone.net FU Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences Directorate; [PE 0601153N] FX John Walter (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories) for providing useful suggestions and comparisons of our data with other non-linear models. Charlotte Brunner for providing space in her lab until more appropriate lab space became available. The R/V Eugenie and R/V Laurus crews. We thank Susana Vinzon and Lauro Calliari for assistance with sampling in Brazil; Dan Duncan, Meade Allison, and Jen Misellis for assistance with sampling in the Atchafalaya; and Phillipe Wartel and Larry McTiernan for assistance in sampling in the Neuse. Early reviews of the manuscript were performed by K. T. Holland and S. Vinzon. Funding was provided under PE# 0601153N and by the Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences Directorate. The NRL contribution number is NRL/JA/7430-09-4. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 345 EP 362 AR PII 929665300 DI 10.1080/1064119X.2010.514251 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 682QK UT WOS:000284417900005 ER PT J AU Weber, PW Howle, LE Murray, MM AF Weber, Paul W. Howle, Laurens E. Murray, Mark M. TI Lift, Drag, and Cavitation Onset On Rudders With Leading-edge Tubercles SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article DE cavitation; rudders; hydrodynamics (general) ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper presents the experimental measurement of lift and drag as well as the determination of the onset of cavitation on rudders with leading-edge protuberances (tubercles) that are operating at low to moderate Reynolds Numbers in water. The leading-edge shape used for the rudders in this study is derived from our earlier work concerning the analysis of the leading-edge morphology found on the pectoral flippers of humpback whales. While humpback whales do not swim at speeds that induce cavitation, engineered control surfaces based on this bio-inspired control surface modification might operate in cavitation conditions. This point motivates our present work to investigate the onset of cavitation on small aspect ratio rudders with tubercles. Our findings are that (i) the presence of leading-edge tubercles accelerates the onset of cavitation, (ii) the tubercles can modify the location of the onset of cavitation, (iii) the tubercle geometry has an influence on the rudder's hydrodynamic performance, (iv) for the lower Reynolds Numbers considered in this paper, the tubercles decrease lift and increase drag for angles of attack between 15 and 22 deg, (v) for angles above 22 deg, rudders with tubercles generate more lift than smooth rudders, and (vi) for the higher Reynolds Numbers investigated, the difference in performance between the smooth and tubercled rudders diminishes, suggesting the existence of a critical Reynolds Number for a given tubercle geometry beyond which tubercles have no significant effect on hydrodynamic performance. C1 [Weber, Paul W.; Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Murray, Mark M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Weber, PW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. FU Naval Academy Research Council; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) FX The authors would like to acknowledge Don Bunker and Mike Zseleczky of the United States Naval Academy Hydrodynamics Laboratory for their assistance with the closed circuit water tunnel. Support has also been provided by the Naval Academy Research Council Grant. P.W.W is supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 553LX UT WOS:000274369400003 ER PT J AU Kennell, C AF Kennell, Colen TI On the Nature of the Transport Factor Component TFfuel SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article DE high speed craft; design (vessels); design (general); multi-hulls; catamarans; surface effect ships; trimarans AB This paper presents insight into the structure of TFfuel, the Transport Factor component related to the weight of fuel needed to meet a ship's endurance requirement. TFfuel is shown to be dependent on the required range and the specific fuel consumption rate of the machinery while being independent of installed power and speed. The effect of operating ships at less than full-load displacement to increase fuel efficiency is illustrated. The results are compatible with Transport Factor analyses that assess transport properties of ship types of interest for high-speed sealift such as displacement and semi-displacement monohulls and multihulls. C1 Ctr Innovat Ship Design, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kennell, C (reprint author), Ctr Innovat Ship Design, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. FU Mobility Combat Logistics Division [OPNAV N42]; USNavy/PEOShips [PMS 385] FX The continued support provided by the Mobility Combat Logistics Division (OPNAV N42) and USNavy/PEOShips (PMS 385) for high-speed sealift research is gratefully acknowledged. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 553LX UT WOS:000274369400006 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Yang, KU Jang, DJ Fredriksson, DW AF Kim, Tae Ho Yang, Kyong Uk Jang, Duck Jong Fredriksson, David W. TI The Submerging Characteristics of a Submersible Fish Cage System Operated by Compressed Air SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Submersible fish cage system; Submerging characteristics; Compressed air; Variable ballast tanks AB A numerical technique is developed to evaluate the submerging characteristics of a full-scale fish cage system operated by compressed air. The results of the numerical model are then compared to both physical model tests and in situ measurements. The cages incorporate the use of ballast tanks for fixed buoyancy and variable buoyancy control. The system is raised by injecting air from a compressor into the variable buoyancy ballast tanks. It is then lowered by releasing the air. The surfacing and submerging characteristics of the fish cage calculated with the numerical technique were similar to measurements obtained with the physical model and in situ tests. It was also found that the quantity of the inflow water is influenced more by the diameter of the suction pipe rather than by the changes in the pressure of compressed air. In addition, the changes in the diameter of the air evacuation pipe are considered to have a greater impact during the ascent rather than descent of the system. Other major factors that affect the vertical movement of the fish cage system operated by compressed air are the seawater flow rates and air flow rate supplied to the variable ballast system. It was concluded that the numerical method could be useful in analyzing various parameters required to optimize the surfacing and submerging characteristics of a fish cage system operated by compressed air. C1 [Kim, Tae Ho; Yang, Kyong Uk] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Marine Technol, Yeosu 550749, Jeonnam, South Korea. [Jang, Duck Jong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Maritime Police, Yeosu 550749, Jeonnam, South Korea. [Fredriksson, David W.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Marine Technol, Yeosu 550749, Jeonnam, South Korea. EM kimth@chonnam.ac.kr OI Yang, Kyong-Uk/0000-0003-0416-8348; Kim, Taeho/0000-0001-5043-5828 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 575JD UT WOS:000276062400007 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Rowenhorst, DJ Fonda, RW Spanos, G AF Knipling, K. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Fonda, R. W. Spanos, G. TI Effects of focused ion beam milling on austenite stability in ferrous alloys SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Martensitic steels; Serial sectioning; Focused ion beam milling; Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) ID SAMPLE PREPARATION; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; 3D EBSD; TOMOGRAPHY; CU; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEXTURE AB The susceptibility of fcc austenite to transform to bcc during focused ion beam milling was studied in three commercial stainless steels. The alloys investigated, in order of increasing austenite stability, were: (i) a model maraging steel, Sandvik 1RK91; (ii) an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel; and (iii) AL-6XN, a super-austenitic stainless steel. Small trenches were milled across multiple austenite grains in each alloy using a 30 kV Ga(+) ion beam at normal incidence to the specimen surface. The ion beam dose was controlled by varying the trench depth and the beam current. The factors influencing the transformation of fcc austenite to bcc (listed in order of decreasing influence) were found to be: (i) alloy composition (i.e., austenite stability), (ii) ion beam dose (or trench depth), and (iii) crystallographic orientation of the austenite grains. The ion beam current had a negligible influence on the FIB-induced transformation of austenite in these alloys. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Knipling, K. E.; Rowenhorst, D. J.; Fonda, R. W.; Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.09.013 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 556RN UT WOS:000274609000001 ER PT B AU Yolken, R Torrey, EF AF Yolken, Robert Torrey, E. Fuller BE Zimmerman, AW Connors, SL TI Prenatal Infections and Schizophrenia in Later Life - Focus on Toxoplasma gondii SO MATERNAL INFLUENCES ON FETAL NEURODEVELOPMENT: CLINICAL AND RESEARCH ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Prenatal maternal infection; Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasma antibodies; Serotypes; Herpesviruses; Schizophrenia ID NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION; ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA; RISK-FACTORS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SEROLOGIC-EVIDENCE; TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; MATERNAL RECALL; HOST-RESISTANCE C1 [Yolken, Robert] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Stanley Div Dev Neurovirol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Torrey, E. Fuller] USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Yolken, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Stanley Div Dev Neurovirol, 600 N Wolfe St,Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM yolken@mail.jhmi.edu NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-60327-920-8 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-921-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-921-5 PG 20 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA BRC26 UT WOS:000282337700008 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Pan, MJ AF Bender, Barry A. Pan, Ming-Jen BE Singh, D Kriven, WM TI SELECTION OF A TOUGHENED MULLITE FOR A MINIATURE GAS TURBINE ENGINE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ZIRCONIA COMPOSITES AB A small 4 hp recuperated gas turbine engine is being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The high turbine inlet temperature of 1225 degrees C on a small-sized engine along with a design life of 1000 hours places stringent conditions on what materials can be used. Mullite appears to be an excellent candidate due to its low density, low thermal conductivity, relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, and decent thermal shock resistance. However, mullite has low fracture toughness. To improve the toughness six different zirconia-toughened mullite systems were tested using commercially available powders. Two pressureless sintering processes were explored: in-situ reaction sintering between zircon, alumina and various dopants and conventional solid state reaction sintering of mullite with various zirconia powders. Dopants included ceria, yttria, magnesia, and dysprosia. Fracture toughness was measured by an indentation method. From these measurements, X-ray, diffraction results, and density measurements two systems were downselected for further study and optimization; mullite doped with 18 vol% yttria-doped ZrO(2) or doped with 18 vol% ceria-doped ZrO(2). Detailed microstructural and mechanical characterization of these two systems are presented along with the fracture toughness and X-ray diffraction characterization of the other unselected systems. C1 [Bender, Barry A.; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45752-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQS19 UT WOS:000281694100015 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Alexander, DJ Faucett, DC AF Choi, Sung R. Alexander, Donald J. Faucett, David C. BE Singh, D Kriven, WM TI Comparison in Foreign Object Damage between SiC/SiC and Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; IMPACT DAMAGE; AMBIENT AB Foreign object damage (FOD) of two different ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC and oxide/oxide, was assessed via impact testing at ambient temperature using impact velocities ranging from 100 to 400 m/s by 1.59mm-diameter steel ball projectiles. The extent of impact damage as well as post-impact strength degradation of both CMCs increased with increasing impact velocity. The degree of relative post-impact strength degradation of the MI SiC/SiC composite was similar to that of the oxide/oxide counterpart. Both of the CMCs were able to survive a very high impact velocity of 400 m/s, without complete structural failure, which is in a notable contrast with gas-turbine grade monolithic silicon nitrides. The damage of the oxide/oxide was characterized with its unique compaction/densification of the material just beneath the impact sites, attributed to the material's soft and open structure. Prediction of quasi-static impact force was made based on the static indentation data and was in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for the oxide/oxide composite. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Alexander, Donald J.; Faucett, David C.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choil@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45752-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQS19 UT WOS:000281694100016 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Martinez, T Teare, SW Restaino, SR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Martinez, Ty Teare, Scott W. Restaino, Sergio R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Using two MEMS deformable mirrors in an adaptive optics testbed for multi-conjugate correction SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics IV CY JAN 27-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB Adaptive optics systems have advanced considerably over the past decade and have become common tools for optical engineers. The most recent advances in adaptive optics technology have lead to significant reductions in the cost of most of the key components. Most significantly, the cost of deformable elements and wavefront sensor components have dropped to the point where multiple deformable mirrors and Shack-Hartmann array based wavefront sensor cameras can be included in a single system. Matched with the appropriate hardware and software, formidable systems can be operating in nearly any sized research laboratory. The significant advancement of MEMS deformable mirrors has made them very popular for use as the active corrective element in multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems so that, in particular for astronomical applications, this allows correction in more than one plane. The NRL compact AO system and atmospheric simulation systems has now been expanded to support Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO), taking advantage of using the liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) driven aberration generators in two conjugate planes that are well separated spatially. Thus, by using two SLM based aberration generators and two separate wavefront sensors, the system can measure and apply wavefront correction with two MEMS deformable mirrors. This paper describes the multi-conjugate adaptive optics system and the testing and calibration of the system and demonstrates preliminary results with this system. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan R.; Martinez, Ty; Restaino, Sergio R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jonathan.andrews@kirtland.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7991-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7595 AR 75950A DI 10.1117/12.845919 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS09 UT WOS:000285578100007 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Martinez, T Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM Teare, SW AF Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. Teare, Scott W. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Analysis of the Naval Research Laboratory MEM MCAO test-bed SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics IV CY JAN 27-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID TELESCOPE AB Our program for the upgrade of the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer with large telescopes and adaptive optics has produced a test-bed for the in system evaluation and testing of our MEMs adaptive optics components and system performances. We have already reported in recent publications the basic characteristics of the test-bed. In order to improve the capabilities of such laboratory set-up we have started an upgrade that aims at developing a Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCA) test-bed. This test bed is based on the use of multiple Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators (LCSLMs) for producing different phase screens at different spatial locations within the set-up. Details of this new set-up are presented in another paper in these proceedings. This paper specifically deals with the analytic portion of the MCAO test-bed. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7991-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7595 AR 759509 DI 10.1117/12.845692 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS09 UT WOS:000285578100006 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Prevosto, D Paluch, M AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Prevosto, D. Paluch, M. BE Rzoska, S Rzoska, AD Mazur, V TI THE NATURE OF GLASS: SOMETHINGS ARE CLEAR SO METASTABLE SYSTEMS UNDER PRESSURE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARW NATO Conference on Metastable Systems Under Pressure: Platform for New Technological and Environmental Applications CY OCT 04-08, 2008 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP ARW, NATO DE glass transition; structural relaxation; frequency dispersion; secondary relaxation; many-body relaxation; interacting systems ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED O-TERPHENYL; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; COUPLING MODEL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SOFTENING THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB The long-standing unsolved problem of glass transition has recently been drawn attention to the research community and general public by an article published in the New York Times, entitled "The Nature of Glass Remains Anything but Clear". The article mainly samples current and widely different views of some theoreticians, which have led to the conclusion that the situation is anything but clear. We show this pessimistic conclusion is unwarranted because results from recent experimental investigations have not been considered. These results show clearly the importance of the effects of many-body relaxation (or its surrogate, the degree of departure from linear exponential time dependence) and the relation between the structural a-relaxation with a special secondary relaxation. Both aspects have not been taken into account by most theories. If taken into consideration, significance progress can be expected. C1 [Ngai, K. L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ngai, K. L.; Capaccioli, S.; Prevosto, D.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ngai, K. L.; Capaccioli, S.; Prevosto, D.] CNR, INFM, Poly Lab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Paluch, M.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 FU Office of Naval Research; MIUR-FIRB [D.D.2186]; Poland KBN [N N202007534] FX KLN was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work at the Universita di Pisa was supported by MIUR-FIRB 2003 D.D.2186 grant Research, Poland KBN, Grant No. N N202007534. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6489 BN 978-90-481-3406-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC A JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. A-Chem. Biol. PY 2010 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3408-3_1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BRG35 UT WOS:000282671000002 ER PT S AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. BE Rzoska, S Rzoska, AD Mazur, V TI REORIENTATIONAL RELAXATION TIME AT THE ONSET OF INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY SO METASTABLE SYSTEMS UNDER PRESSURE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARW NATO Conference on Metastable Systems Under Pressure: Platform for New Technological and Environmental Applications CY OCT 04-08, 2008 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP ARW, NATO DE arrhenius behavior; relaxation time; viscosity; thermodynamic scaling ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; PRESSURE; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS AB For three liquids, salol, propylene carbonate, and o-terphenyl, we show that the relaxation time or the viscosity at the onset of Arrhenius behavior is a material constant. Thus, while the temperature of this transition can be altered by the application of pressure, the time scale of the dynamics retains a characteristic, pressure-independent value. Since the onset of an Arrhenius temperature-dependence and the related Debye relaxation behavior signify the loss of intermolecular constraints on the dynamics, our result indicates that intermolecular cooperativity effects are governed by the time scale for structural relaxation. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6489 BN 978-90-481-3406-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC A PY 2010 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3408-3_4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BRG35 UT WOS:000282671000005 ER PT S AU Beauhouef, T Petry, FF AF Beauhouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick F. BE Jeansoulin, R Papini, O Prade, H Schockaert, S TI Fuzzy and Rough Set Approaches for Uncertainty in Spatial Data SO METHODS FOR HANDLING IMPERFECT SPATIAL INFORMATION SE Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Spatial Interpolation; Triangulated Irregular Networks; Spatial Data Mining; Minimum Bounding Rectangles; Rough Sets; Topological Spatial Relations ID REGION CONNECTION CALCULUS; INFORMATION; QUERIES; OBJECTS AB The management of uncertainty in databases is necessary for real world applications, especially for systems involving spatial data such as geographic information systems. Rough and fuzzy sets are important techniques that can be used in various ways for modeling uncertainty in data and in spatial relationships between data entities. This chapter discusses various approaches involving rough and fuzzy sets for spatial database applications such as GIS. C1 [Beauhouef, Theresa] SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Ind Technol, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Petry, Frederick F.] USN, Res Lab, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beauhouef, T (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Ind Technol, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-9922 BN 978-3-642-14754-8 J9 STUD FUZZ SOFT COMP PY 2010 VL 256 BP 103 EP 129 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14755-5 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BRT63 UT WOS:000283636800005 ER PT S AU Long, JW Chervin, CN Wallace, JM Brandell, NL Dysart, JL Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Chervin, Christopher N. Wallace, Jean M. Brandell, Natalie L. Dysart, Jennifer L. Rolison, Debra R. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Multifunctional carbon nanoarchitectures as designer platforms for electrochemical power sources SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Battery; metal-air; carbon; aerogel; nanofoam; nanoarchitecture; electrocatalysis; MnO(2); ORR ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION; NANOSCALE MNO2 AB We use fiber-paper-supported carbon nanofoams as the basis for "multifunctional electrode nanoarchitectures" in which the nanofoams serve as conductive, ultraporous scaffoldings for subsequent incorporation of electroactive functionalities such as metal oxides, metal nanoparticles, and ultrathin polymers. The resulting functionalized carbon nanofoam papers are designed to serve as "plug-and-play" electrode structures in electrochemical devices ranging from high-rate Li-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors to metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Electroless deposition is an attractive approach to functionalize structurally complex substrates, such as carbon nanofoams, and we have recently demonstrated that conformal nanoscopic coatings of manganese oxide (MnOx) can be generated on the exterior and interior surfaces of pre-formed carbon nanofoam papers via redox reaction with aqueous permanganate (MnO(4)(-)). The resulting nanoscale MnOx coatings provide not only faradaic charge-storage functionality to the nanofoam structure, but also enhanced electrocatalytic activity for molecular oxygen reduction. The electrocatalytic functionality of MnOx can now be combined with the desirable structural characteristics of carbon nanofoams (through-connected and size-tunable pore structures, high specific surface areas, and good electrical conductivity) to produce high-performance air-breathing cathodes for metal-air batteries. Herein, we report preliminary results for a particular series of native and MnOx-functionalized carbon nanofoams as examined for their O(2)-reduction activity in a three-electrode testing configuration. C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Brandell, Natalie L.; Dysart, Jennifer L.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 767915 DI 10.1117/12.850461 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300034 ER PT S AU Snow, ES AF Snow, Eric S. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Large-area graphene for sensor applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Graphene; chemical sensor; transistor; RF; nanoelectromechanical ID DEVICES; LIMITS; FILMS AB Graphene represents an important new material with potential Department of Defense sensor applications. At the Naval Research Laboratory we have developed three techniques to produce large-area graphene films. We have used this material to construct chemical and radio-frequency electromagnetic sensors. Here we report the initial results of this effort. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790L DI 10.1117/12.849657 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300017 ER PT J AU Kim, J Ligler, F AF Kim, Jason Ligler, Fran BA Kim, JS Ligler, FS BF Kim, JS Ligler, FS TI THE MICROFLOW CYTOMETER Preface SO MICROFLOW CYTOMETER LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kim, Jason; Ligler, Fran] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-768-7 PY 2010 BP V EP V D2 452111763,12,1 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUF58 UT WOS:000289145500001 ER PT B AU Howell, PB AF Howell, Peter B. BA Kim, JS Ligler, FS BF Kim, JS Ligler, FS TI Three-Dimensional Particle Focusing SO MICROFLOW CYTOMETER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; MACHINED FLOW CHAMBER; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE; SHEATH FLOW; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CELLS; CYTOMETRY; DESIGN; CHIP; MICROFABRICATION AB The ability to obtain precise information from the particles traveling through a cytometer is greatly hindered if the sample stream is not adequately focused. While there have been many examples of microcytometry in the literature, only a few have succeeded in completely sheathing the stream. This typically involves the addition of two or more sheath inlets to perform the vertical focusing. Recently, grooves in the channel walls have been used to move the sheath fluid completely around the sample stream, providing a simpler approach to 3-dimensional focusing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howell, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.howell@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-768-7 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 129 D2 10.1112/S0025579310001555 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUF58 UT WOS:000289145500009 ER PT J AU Erickson, JS Kreft, DJ Kniller, MD AF Erickson, Jeffrey S. Kreft, Dustin J. Kniller, Matthew D. BA Kim, JS Ligler, FS BF Kim, JS Ligler, FS TI Microflow Cytometer Electronics SO MICROFLOW CYTOMETER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The development of portable and autonomous microflow cytometers is an important area in microfluidics research. One key component in these new instruments is a small, low power electronics package capable of performing data collection, analysis, and other operations necessary to run the instrument. The goal of this chapter is to present a general discussion of the parts required to build flow cytometer electronics that run without an attached personal computer. C1 [Erickson, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kreft, Dustin J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kniller, Matthew D.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22309 USA. RP Erickson, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.erickson@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-768-7 PY 2010 BP 201 EP 219 D2 452111763,12,1 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUF58 UT WOS:000289145500014 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Kim, Jason S. Golden, Joel P. Ligler, Frances S. BA Kim, JS Ligler, FS BF Kim, JS Ligler, FS TI Systems Integration SO MICROFLOW CYTOMETER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; PLUG-BASED MICROFLUIDICS; ACTIVATED CELL SORTER; ON-A-CHIP; SINGLE CELLS; DIRECT-WRITE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; DROPLET MICROFLUIDICS; SAMPLE PREPARATION AB Robust, portable microflow cytometers to be used at the point-of-care and in the field must be designed and developed with the integration of many miniaturized components. Optical and fluid control components necessary for the function of microflow cytometers are decreasing in size, but are also becoming microfabricated into the particle focusing chip. Technologies such as polymer lenses, optofluidic waveguides, organic light emitting diodes, and monolithic microvalves are some of the innovations being explored for microflow systems. Automation of sample preparation and processing is another challenge to system integration for portability and expansion into diagnostics. This chapter describes some of the system integration solutions for optics and detection as well as the possibilities for integration of sample preparation and processing components. C1 [Kim, Jason S.; Golden, Joel P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil; frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-768-7 PY 2010 BP 311 EP 334 D2 452111763,12,1 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUF58 UT WOS:000289145500019 ER PT S AU Maule, RW Lewis, WC AF Maule, R. William Lewis, William C. GP IEEE TI Security for Distributed SOA at the Tactical Edge SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) presents new paradigms for security and information assurance. Security processes for legacy systems are not sufficient to secure a distributed SOA. Yet, many of the new services arriving at the tactical edge for Fleet testing are based on web services-meaning that SOA is somewhat inevitable. This paper addresses some of the challenges encountered when testing SOA in live Fleet operations and in controlled laboratory experiments. Discussion of SOA capabilities is followed by a case study that uses them to determine the source of a latency failure under expected user tactical load. The case study concerns performance issues encountered in both field and laboratory experiments when implementing certificates to secure web services in distributed service-based tactical workflow automation. C1 [Maule, R. William] USN, Postgrad Sch, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Lewis, William C.] OPNAV, N2N6FC12, Panama City, FL USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM rwmaule@nps.navy.mil; bill.c.lewis@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200163 ER PT S AU Kompella, S Nguyen, GD AF Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. GP IEEE TI Optimal Scheduling in Frequency-agile Wireless Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We consider the problem of spectrum-based minimum-length scheduling of point-to-point links in a spatial TDMA (STDMA) wireless network where each node is equipped with a frequency agile radio capable of configuring the bandwidth on a per-slot basis. The problem formulation integrates the activation of multiple sets of links in the network, in a hybrid fashion (both time and frequency domain), while taking into account the Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) at each receiver. We assume uniform (fixed) transmission power at all nodes and propose an algorithm based on a column generation approach, which allocates a common spectrum band for links that satisfy the SINR constraints at the receivers, and different spectrum bands for interfering links, in order to generate a link schedule that minimizes the schedule length. For the formulated problem, we show that this column generation based approach can converge to a globally optimal solution. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679586 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200369 ER PT S AU Moran, T Heide, D Shah, S AF Moran, Thomas Heide, David Shah, Swati GP IEEE TI An Overview of the Tactical Secure Voice Cryptographic Interoperability Specification SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The Tactical Secure Voice Working Group was formed by the National Security Agency in 2008 to ensure that modernized tactical secure voice devices will be interoperable across the Department of Defense. The Naval Research Laboratory was tasked by the working group to develop the Tactical Secure Voice Cryptographic Interoperability Specification (TSVCIS), which became an official National Security Agency (NSA) document in July of 2009. The TSVCIS consists of two documents, one classified and the other unclassified. These documents define the voice encoding, encryption, framing, synchronization, key management, and other functions for tactical secure voice and data radio communications. This paper describes the unclassified portion of the TSVCIS and explains some of the improvements over the legacy tactical secure voice systems. It also describes how the modernized secure voice modes can provide even wider benefits in the future. C1 [Moran, Thomas; Heide, David; Shah, Swati] USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Moran, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680482 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200153 ER PT S AU Rupar, M Freeman, A Vorees, B Dave, S Tame, B AF Rupar, Michael Freeman, Allan Vorees, Brian Dave, Sameep Tame, Brad GP IEEE TI A Tactical Reachback Extended Communications (TREC) Capability SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE High data rate downlink; mobile communication systems; airborne communication downlink; directional antenna systems; FPGA Modems; Ka-band; ISR; persistent surveillance AB High data rate communication systems are the backbone for real-time persistent surveillance and raw data transfer and distribution. New, faster, more reliable systems are required to keep pace with emerging sensors and other data-generating technologies. This paper describes the development and testing of an RF communication system designed to offload a significant amount of data from an aircraft to a ground station. The system includes a unique, lightweight prism-based directional antenna system on the aircraft and a modified tracking antenna system as a ground station. State-of-the-art FPGA-based modem designs achieve high data throughput over the RF link. The components of this system architecture are detailed herein, as well as the presentation of system test results and future system recommendations. C1 [Rupar, Michael; Freeman, Allan; Vorees, Brian] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dave, Sameep] ViaSat Inc, Cuyahoga Hts, OH USA. [Tame, Brad] Ball Aerosp, Westminster, CO USA. RP Rupar, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680322 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200275 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Gondree, MA Shifflett, DJ Khosalim, J Levin, TE Irvine, CE AF Nguyen, Thuy D. Gondree, Mark A. Shifflett, David J. Khosalim, Jean Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. GP IEEE TI A Cloud-Oriented Cross-Domain Security Architecture SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE cloud computing; cross-domain services; collaborative applications; quality of security services AB The Monterey Security Architecture addresses the need to share high-value data across multiple domains of different classification levels while enforcing information flow policies. The architecture allows users with different security authorizations to securely collaborate and exchange information using commodity computers and familiar commercial client software that generally lack the prerequisite assurance and functional security protections. MYSEA seeks to meet two compelling requirements, often assumed to be at odds: enforcing critical, mandatory security policies, and allowing access and collaboration in a familiar work environment. Recent additions to the MYSEA design expand the architecture to support a cloud of cross-domain services, hosted within a federation of multilevel secure (MLS) MYSEA servers. The MYSEA cloud supports single-sign on, service replication, and network-layer quality of security service. This new cross-domain, distributed architecture follows the consumption and delivery model for cloud services, while maintaining the federated control model necessary to support and protect cross-domain collaboration within the enterprise. The resulting architecture shows the feasibility of high-assurance, cross-domain services hosted within a community cloud suitable for interagency, or joint, collaboration. This paper summarizes the MYSEA architecture and discusses MYSEA's approach to provide an MLS-constrained cloud computing environment. C1 [Nguyen, Thuy D.; Gondree, Mark A.; Shifflett, David J.; Khosalim, Jean; Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdnguyen@nps.edu; mgondree@nps.edu; shifflett@nps.edu; jkhosali@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680360 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200341 ER PT S AU Luo, J Kang, M AF Luo, Jim Kang, Myong GP IEEE TI Infrastructure for Multi-Level Secure Service-Oriented Architecture (MLS-SOA) SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE MLS; SOA AB Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is the premier application framework for integrating complex heterogeneous computing systems in business and government. To utilize SOA in sensitive military systems, however, the issue of multi-level security (MLS) must be addressed. MLS requirements call for strict separation and limit interaction between classification levels. However, many Web services and resources reside in the Low domains. Support services such as weather forecasting, mapping, and procurement typically reside in the Unclassified level. There is strong desire from High clients and applications to make use of those services. This paper presents a framework for adding MLS capabilities to SOA systems. Specifically, it will allow clients in High to securely and transparently utilize resources in Low. It addresses MLS requirements by minimizing the potential risks for information leak and thwart inference attacks. It also provides privilege control capabilities to limit and manage interaction between High and Low at the infrastructure level. Since an overt channel is created from High to Low, cross domain SOA has to be used with caution where the functional benefits outweigh the security risk. MLS-SOA is a practical solution that leverages the existing MLS infrastructure and augments security. Cross-domain solutions (CDS) already in place will mediate traffic across domain boundaries. MLS-SOA will provide additional safeguards and control for domains, applications, and users in High that need to invoke services across domain boundaries. C1 [Luo, Jim; Kang, Myong] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jim.Luo@nrl.navy.mil; Myong.Kang@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680368 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200171 ER PT S AU Boksiner, J Chang, KT Costello, P Huck, R Leising, T Zankel, M Posherstnik, Y Totaro, M Mai, T Molnar, J AF Boksiner, Jeffrey Chang, Kauteng Costello, Paul Huck, Richard Leising, Tim Zankel, Michael Posherstnik, Yuriy Totaro, Mike Mai, Trang Molnar, Joseph GP IEEE TI Testing of Policy-Based Dynamic Spectrum Access Radios SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Dynamic spectrum access; policy based radio; cognitive radio; PBR; DSA; test plan; framework AB Policy-driven Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems are emerging as one of the key technologies to enable the Department of Defense (DoD) to meet its increasing requirements for access to the electromagnetic spectrum. A key open issue surrounding deployment and continuing development of DSA systems concerns (1) the need to test and evaluate the performance of DSA in avoiding interference to itself and assigned incumbent users and (2) the performance of DSA network in the presence of various types of potential interference. In this paper we describe test framework and concepts to characterize performance of DSA-enabled policy-based radios. Our test framework includes tests to characterize the inherent interference-avoidance characteristics of DSA, such as the time to abandon a channel, as well as tests that address performance implications of a particular DSA policy. The test framework also provides for the ability to inject a relevant electromagnetic environment (EME). The proposed framework is flexible allowing for customization of the relevant test conditions, such as the EME, and facilitates simulation of typical communications events such as network formation and fragmentation. C1 [Boksiner, Jeffrey; Chang, Kauteng; Costello, Paul; Huck, Richard; Leising, Tim; Zankel, Michael] Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. [Posherstnik, Yuriy] Sabre Syst, Manasquan, NJ USA. [Totaro, Mike] Booz Allen Hamilton, Eatontown, NJ USA. [Mai, Trang; Molnar, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Boksiner, J (reprint author), Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680307 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200317 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE Thompson, MF AF Irvine, C. E. Thompson, M. F. GP IEEE TI Simulation of PKI-Enabled Communication for Identity Management Using CyberCIEGE SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE network cyber security; identity management; information assurance; educational video game AB CyberCIEGE is a sophisticated network security simulation packaged as a video game and used by educators around the world to enhance information assurance education and training at universities, community colleges, within the DoD, and in other government agencies. The CyberCIEGE game engine was recently expanded to include Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) features including certification authorities, selection of installed roots and cross certification. CyberCIEGE Virtual Private Network (VPN) gateways, VPN clients and email clients were then extended to incorporate the new PKI features. CyberCIEGE PKI abstractions are described in terms of player configuration choices and the consequences of these choices on network management and vulnerabilities. The CyberCIEGE game engine modifications include modeling of chains of trust and risks of cross certification schemes. The benefits of these enhancements include coherent integration of identity management technologies, ranging from the human interface through to the supporting distributed infrastructure, into scenarios. Benefits also include support for recent new scenarios focused on the PKI infrastructure, identity management, or both; and the ability to tie both identity management and PKI to concepts of identification, authentication, provenance, and access control. C1 [Irvine, C. E.; Thompson, M. F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM irvine@nps.edu; mfthomps@nps.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5679591 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200046 ER PT S AU Macker, J Dean, J Taylor, I Harrison, A AF Macker, Joseph Dean, Justin Taylor, Ian Harrison, Andrew GP IEEE TI Multicast Service Discovery Profiles for Deployment within Dynamic Edge Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Deploying survivable group-oriented applications and enterprise services across network infrastructures incorporating the use of mobile ad hoc edge networks is of interest in military communication scenarios. This requires a more flexible approach to service discovery than conventional solutions typically provide. In this paper, we discuss our service discovery design extensions leveraging improved multicast capabilities in multi-hop, wireless networks. The design also supports multiple discovery profiles, through the use of flexible timing parameters, caching and operating modes. We also provide an overview of our working software prototype and methodology used in examining scenario-based system performance. Our experiments investigate various service provider and consumer distributions across a set of mobile ad-hoc network scenarios. Our experimental scenarios involve node mobility and varying degrees of temporal connectivity. We illustrate the differences in success rates, time delays and network overhead of several discovery profiles. Results indicate that a one-size-fits all profile is not practical and that a flexible means of deploying specific discovery profiles for different applications is needed to optimize performance. C1 [Macker, Joseph; Dean, Justin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taylor, Ian; Harrison, Andrew] Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Cardiff, Wales. RP Macker, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; jdean@itd.nrl.navy.mil; Ian.J.Taylor@cs.cardiff.ac.uk; A.B.Harrison@cs.cardiff.ac.uk FU Networks and Communication Systems Branch of the Information Technology Division (ITD) at NRL; Office of Naval Research (ONR) Service Oriented Networks Operating in MANET (SONOMA) FX INDI has been developed by the Networks and Communication Systems Branch of the Information Technology Division (ITD) at NRL. On-going modifications to the core system are being funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Service Oriented Networks Operating in MANET (SONOMA) project. The authors would like to thank Brian Adamson for his advice and for the use of his SMF implementation. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1104 EP 1109 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680087 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200265 ER PT S AU Lass, RN Macker, J Millar, D Regli, WC Taylor, I AF Lass, Robert N. Macker, Joe Millar, David Regli, William C. Taylor, Ian GP IEEE TI XO: XMPP Overlay Service for Distributed Chat SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB This work discusses the adaptation of group-oriented messaging and chat technology for operation in serverless, multicast-capable mobile wireless architectures. The main goals are to allow group messaging and chat sessions to fragment/coalesce, operate through disrupted TCP conditions, and improve bandwidth utilization when multicast is available. In addition, the solution demonstrates proxying and gateway methods to interoperate with existing client and server standards and software. The approach presents several innovations that extend and adapt eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) standards for incorporating group serverless chat and messaging within more challenging operational environments. While there is large body of work on messaging middleware solutions, this paper concentrates on the adaptation of specific XMPP standards for serverless, multicast operation. We discuss our working implementation prototype and present initial experimentation comparing client/server multi-user chat (MUC) operation to serverless multicast MUC within several mobile network scenarios. In addition, we demonstrate a gatewaying solution for serverless MUC systems to interoperate with conventional MUC server-based systems. The specific test scenarios are instrumented to operate within a wireless mobile emulation environment using mobile ad hoc network (MANET) unicast and multicast routing technology. This approach remains independent of any particular routing algorithm and the proxied XMPP protocol module allows for the deployment of existing real-world client software across all nodes of the network. The initial findings show the significant performance potential for serverless MUC extensions. In addition to these results, we discuss some ongoing design challenges and future planned work. C1 [Lass, Robert N.; Millar, David; Regli, William C.] Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Macker, Joe] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Taylor, Ian] Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Lass, RN (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM urlass@cs.drexel.edu; joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; dwm27@cs.drexel.edu; regli@cs.drexel.edu; Ian.J.Taylor@cs.cardiff.ac.uk NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1116 EP 1121 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680094 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200120 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Murphy, JL Ferraro, MS Suite, MR Smith, WR Xu, B Burris, HR Moore, CI Schultz, WW Mathieu, BM Freeman, WT Frawley, S Colbert, M Hacker, K Reese, S AF Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Murphy, James L. Ferraro, Mike S. Suite, Michele R. Smith, Walter R. Xu, Ben B. Burris, Harris R. Moore, Christopher I. Schultz, Warren W. Mathieu, Barry M. Freeman, Wade T. Frawley, Steve Colbert, Michael Hacker, Kurt Reese, Shad GP IEEE TI Modulating Retro-reflector Lasercom Systems at the Naval Research Laboratory SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE lasercom; free-space optical; modulating retro-reflector; LPI/LPD techniques; anti-jamming techniques; Packbot; CREW; frequency allocation; airborne technologies; unmanned aerial vehicles; intelligence; surveillance; reconnaissance ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; RETROREFLECTOR; COMMUNICATION AB Free space optical (FSO) communication has enjoyed a renewal of interest driven by increasing data rate requirements and the crowding of the RF spectrum, affecting both commercial and military sectors. Military communications must also deal with intentional or unintentional jamming, as well as frequency allocation restrictions, neither of which affects FSO. The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been conducting research on FSO communications since 1998 with an emphasis on tactical applications. NRL's FSO research has covered propagation studies in the maritime domain, component development, and systems demonstrations. NRL has developed both conventional laser communications systems and retro-reflecting systems for small platforms. This paper reviews some of the retro-reflecting work, discusses applications of FSO in the areas of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and describes future directions. C1 [Goetz, Peter G.; Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Murphy, James L.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Suite, Michele R.; Smith, Walter R.; Xu, Ben B.; Burris, Harris R.; Moore, Christopher I.; Schultz, Warren W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mathieu, Barry M.] Barry Design LLC, Crofton, MD USA. [Freeman, Wade T.; Frawley, Steve; Colbert, Michael] Smart Logic Inc, Vienna, VA USA. [Hacker, Kurt; Reese, Shad] Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goetz@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Rapid Reaction Technology Office; NAVEODTECH; SPAWAR; DARPA FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, the Rapid Reaction Technology Office, NAVEODTECH, SPAWAR, and DARPA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1601 EP 1606 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200387 ER PT S AU Kao, CH Robertson, C AF Kao, Chi-Han Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance of a JTIDS-type Waveform with Noise-Normalization Combining in Pulsed-Noise Interference SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS); Link-16; noise-normalization combining; pulsed-noise interference; symbol error rate AB The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) is the communication terminal of Link-16. When the double-pulse structure is chosen to transmit the Link-16 data, JTIDS is a hybrid direct sequence/fast frequency-hopping spread spectrum system with a sequential diversity of two. To minimize the effect of pulsed-noise interference (PNI), a noise-normalized diversity combining MSK chip demodulator is assumed in the JTIDS receiver. The symbol error rate (SER) performance of a coherently detected JTIDS-type waveform for the double-pulse structure with noise-normalization combining (NNC) in PNI is investigated in this paper. To facilitate the evaluation, perfect frequency de-hopping, sequence synchronization, chip synchronization, and 32-chip sequence descrambling are assumed. Furthermore, maximum-likelihood chip detection is assumed rather than maximum-likelihood chip-sequence detection since the former represents a more practical assumption for a JTIDS signal. The results obtained with NNC are compared to those without NNC, as well as to those with perfect side information. The results show that for a coherently detected JTIDS-type waveform with the double-pulse structure, NNC effectively mitigates the system degradation caused by PNI. C1 [Kao, Chi-Han] ROC Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Robertson, Clark] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kao, CH (reprint author), ROC Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1690 EP 1694 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200033 ER PT S AU Adamson, B Macker, JP AF Adamson, Brian Macker, Joseph P. GP IEEE TI Reliable Messaging for Tactical Group Communication SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Command and Control and other applications operating in tactical edge networks often require group-wise communication to effectively support military operations. Tactical users rely upon group situational awareness. Mission planning and execution involves distributing force orders and supporting information among collaborating groups. Network-centric concepts of operation offer the promise of a more flexible and responsive fighting force if the necessary information can be effectively disseminated and exchanged among warfighting users and elements. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has conducted research and development of reliable multicast transport protocols for over a decade. The NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) protocol specification provides robust reliable transport and ancillary functions to support different application needs. The NRL NORM "toolkit" implementation provides controls for application developers to develop robust and efficient group messaging applications capable of operating in tactical edge network environments. This paper describes these mechanisms and presents some results from laboratory and field experiments. C1 [Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joseph P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Adamson, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1899 EP 1904 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680397 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200365 ER PT S AU Koromilas, I Robertson, C Kragh, F AF Koromilas, Ioannis Robertson, Clark Kragh, Frank GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of the LINK-16/JTIDS Waveform with Concatenated Coding in both AWGN and Pulsed-Noise Interference SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Link-16 is a tactical data link widely used in the United States Armed Forces and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The communication terminal of Link-16 is called the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) and features Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, symbol interleaving, cyclic code-shift keying for M-ary symbol modulation, minimum-shift keying for chip modulation and combined frequency-hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a Link-16/JTIDS-type waveform in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and pulsed-noise interference (PNI) when an alternative error correction coding scheme for the physical layer waveform is employed. The waveform considered uses a concatenated code consisting of a rate r = 4/5 convolutional code as an outer code and a (31, k) RS code as an inner code. Currently, the JTIDS waveform is received noncoherently at the chip level. In this paper the performance of the alternative, JTIDS-compatible waveform is evaluated for both coherent and noncoherent demodulation. The performance of the alternative waveform for the case where AWGN is the only noise present as well as when PNI is also present is investigated. The performance obtained using the alternative error correction coding scheme is compared to that of the existing JTIDS waveform when the same assumptions are made for both waveforms. C1 [Koromilas, Ioannis; Robertson, Clark; Kragh, Frank] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Koromilas, I (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2074 EP 2081 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680467 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200259 ER PT S AU Nguyen, GD Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI CHANNEL SHARING IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network in which the secondary users are allowed to share the spectrum with the primary users as long as the interference caused by the secondary users to the primary users is below a specified level. Both the primary users and secondary users access the common channel by way of transmission schedules. The channel model includes realistic features such as receiver noise, fading, and multiuser interference. Our primary performance measure is network throughput, which is the average number of packets that are successfully received per times lot. For a given level of guaranteed performance for each primary user, our goal is to determine the transmission schedule for the secondary users that maximizes their throughput. Our method exploits the multi-packet reception capability to improve throughput performance. We show that our method for scheduling can allow significant additional throughput for the secondary users, while keeping the impact of interference to the primary users to the specified level. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2268 EP 2273 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680374 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200326 ER PT S AU Adamson, B Chen, T Fecko, M Hokelek, I Kaplan, MA Samtani, S Shah, C AF Adamson, Brian Chen, Ta Fecko, Mariusz Hokelek, Ibrahim Kaplan, Michael A. Samtani, Sunil Shah, Chintan GP IEEE TI A CASE STUDY OF EMULATION WORKFLOW: FROM SCENARIO DEFINITION TO ROUTE ANALYSIS IN TACTICAL WIRELESS MOBILE NETWORKS SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper, we present a case study of emulation workflow in tactical wireless mobile network. The main contribution of this paper is an XML schema which has been recently developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to support high level scenario definition for mobile network emulators in a tool independent manner. In the scenario definition phase, a high level mobility scenario defined using the NRL's XML schema is converted to WISER's run-time emulation files. Using the nodes' locations and terrain information, the RF module performs the relevant calculations and outputs a topology script that depicts node positions and link characteristics (i.e. bandwidth, BER) for all node pairs. To demonstrate emulation scenario definition workflow, Dynamic Routing Control Agent (DRCA) along with the snapshot generation tool is selected as a case study. DRCA, which is a run-time agent, monitors network topology, traffic and capacity and sets the OSPF link metrics dynamically to control routing paths. A snapshot generation tool is integrated with the WISER SDT to identify significant changes in the network. An objective is to identify a small but representative set of snapshots that capture all of the key changes in network topology over the course of a scenario. The above mentioned tools, which are integrated within the WISER SDT, are used to define and analyze DRCA scenarios for the WISER emulation system. EMANE emulation workflow is also described to demonstrate that the NRL's emulation script schema can be used to define scenarios in a tool independent manner. C1 [Adamson, Brian] USN, Protean Res Grp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Ta; Fecko, Mariusz; Hokelek, Ibrahim; Kaplan, Michael A.; Samtani, Sunil; Shah, Chintan] Appl Res Telcordia Technol Inc, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Adamson, B (reprint author), USN, Protean Res Grp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Navy ONR [N00173-09-C-4014] FX This material was based upon work supported by U.S. Navy ONR under Contract No. N00173-09-C-4014. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2321 EP 2326 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680353 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200102 ER PT S AU Spyridis, K Robertson, C AF Spyridis, Konstantinos Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Simulation and Analysis of M-ary Frequency-Shift Keying with Reed Solomon Encoding, Coherent Demodulation, and Hybrid Soft Decision-Hard Decision Decoding SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE forward error correction coding; reliability information matrix; hard decision decoding; soft decision decoding; orthogonal signaling ID CODES AB All modern communication systems use some form of forward error correction coding. Generally, coding gain is improved when soft decision decoding is used instead of hard decision decoding. While soft decision decoding is a mature technology for convolutional codes, practical soft decision decoding for the commonly used Reed-Solomon (RS) non-binary block code has only recently been developed. Most of the developed SD decoding schemes are either applicable for low to medium code rates with high complexity or for channels that are far from q-ary symmetric. A hybrid hard decision-soft decision (HD/SD) decoding scheme was recently developed for use with bandwidth efficient modulation schemes such as M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK). Since many communication systems use orthogonal modulation schemes such as M-ary frequency-shift keying (MFSK) for more robust communication links, this paper extends the HD/SD decoding scheme developed for bandwidth efficient modulation to orthogonal modulation. The performance simulation and analysis of MFSK with RS encoding, coherent demodulation, and hybrid HD/SD decoding are presented. The effect of noise other than additive white Gaussian noise, such as pulse-noise interference, is also considered. Furthermore, in our simulations we extend the size of the soft decision reliability information matrix from 2(9) to 2(10) in order to increase the possible decoding lists for hybrid HD/SD decoding. C1 [Spyridis, Konstantinos; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Spyridis, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2357 EP 2362 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200209 ER PT J AU Palm, EF AF Palm, Edward F. BE Higbee, D TI Real Officers Don't Teach Keats: The Naval Academy, ROTC, and Military Spiritualism SO MILITARY CULTURE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Palm, Edward F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Naval ROTC Unit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palm, Edward F.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Palm, Edward F.] Glenville State Coll WV, Glenview, IL USA. [Palm, Edward F.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Palm, Edward F.] Olymp Coll, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Palm, EF (reprint author), Strayer Univ, Online Div, Newington, VA 22122 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0758-4 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 27 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5IY UT WOS:000336717600003 ER PT J AU Hart, DA AF Hart, D. Alexis BE Higbee, D TI Teaching Citizen Soldiers: Civic Rhetoric and the Intersections of Theory and Practice at the Virginia Military Institute SO MILITARY CULTURE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hart, D. Alexis] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. RP Hart, DA (reprint author), Virginia Mil Inst, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0758-4 PY 2010 BP 59 EP 73 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5IY UT WOS:000336717600006 ER PT J AU Negus, TL Brown, CJ Konoske, P AF Negus, Tracy L. Brown, Carrie J. Konoske, Paula TI Determining Medical Staffing Requirements for Humanitarian Assistance Missions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: The primary mission of hospital ships is to provide acute medical and surgical services to U.S. forces during military operations. Hospital ships also provide a hospital asset in support of disaster relief and humanitarian assistance (HA) operations. HA missions afford medical care to populations with vastly different sets of medical conditions from combat casualty care, which affects staffing requirements. Methods: Information from a variety of sources was reviewed to better understand hospital ship HA missions. Factors such as time on-site and location shape the mission and underlying goals. Results: Patient encounter data from previous HA missions were used to determine expected patient conditions encountered in various HA operations. These data points were used to project the medical staffing required for future missions. Conclusions: Further data collection, along with goal setting, must be performed to accomplish successful future HA missions. Refining staffing requirements allows deployments to accomplish needed HA and effectively reach underserved areas. C1 [Negus, Tracy L.; Brown, Carrie J.; Konoske, Paula] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Negus, TL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [60608] FX This work represents report 07-44 and was supported by the Office of Naval Research under work unit no. 60608. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800005 PM 20108835 ER PT J AU King, HC Baker, W AF King, Heather Cuniff Baker, William TI Pacific Partnership 2008: The Surgical Mission, Surgical Screening Process, and the Anesthetic Management of Uncontrolled, Untreated Hypertensive Patients SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; GLOBAL BURDEN; SURGERY; INDEX; RISK AB United States Armed Forces and nongovernmental agencies on board the USNS Mercy provided humanitarian and civic assistance to over 68,000 patients in five southeastern Asian nations during Pacific Partnership 2008. A commitment to improving the health and well-being of the citizens of these countries along with strengthening diplomatic relationships between the United States and the host nations visited was paramount. This article focuses on surgical mission planning and perioperative anesthetic considerations of providing care for patients with uncontrolled untreated hypertension. Special consideration was required when providing anesthetic care to our patient population. The anesthesia team developed perioperative guidelines for these patients and experienced minimal complications for over 900 surgeries. The purpose herein is to provide guidance for future humanitarian missions regarding management of this clinical problem and to improve mission planning. C1 [King, Heather Cuniff] USN, Dept Anesthesia, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Baker, William] Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP King, HC (reprint author), USN, Dept Anesthesia, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800010 PM 20108840 ER PT J AU Sames, WJ Klein, TA Kim, HC Gu, SH Kang, HJ Shim, SH Ha, SJ Chong, ST Lee, IY Richards, AL Yi, SH Song, JW AF Sames, William J. Klein, Terry A. Kim, Heung-Chul Gu, Se Hun Kang, Hae-Ji Shim, So-Hee Ha, Si-Jung Chong, Sung-Tae Lee, In-Yong Richards, Allen L. Yi, Suk-Hee Song, Jin-Won TI Serological Surveillance of Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus, and Leptospirosis in Small Mammals Captured at Twin Bridges Training Area, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2005-2007 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB Soldiers from the Republic of Korea and the United States conduct armistice military operations at Twin Bridges Training Area (TBTA) located near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and are exposed to zoonotic disease pathogens that small mammals and their potentially disease-carrying ectoparasites transmit. TBTA is a 36 km(2) rural training site with small villages and various forms of agriculture along its boundary. At TBTA, rodents, insectivores, and their ectoparasites are commonly found in association with unmanaged habitats of various densities of tall grasses, herbaceous plants, shrubs, briars, and crawling vegetation. Rodents and insectivores were collected during the winter (November December 2005 and December 2006) and early spring (March 2007), and serologically tested for the presence of scrub typhus, murine typhus, and leptospirosis antibodies. Of the six species of small mammals collected, Apodemus agrarius, the common striped field mouse and known reservoir of scrub typhus, was the most frequently collected (96.1%), followed by Crocidura lasiura (2.5%). Micromys mithaus (0.5%). Myodes regulus (0.5%), Mus musculus (0.3%), and Rattus aunts (0.1%). A. agrarius (56.1%). M. mac/this (66.7%), M. minutus (25%), and R. rattus (100%) were positive for scrub typhus antibodies. Only A. agrarius (14.7%) and C. lasiura (4.5%) were positive for murine typhus antibodies, whereas only A. agrarius (1.5%) was seropositive for leptospirosis. Seroprevalence rates of scrub typhus and murine typhus based on weight and sex of A. agrarius are presented. C1 [Sames, William J.] Def Logist Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Klein, Terry A.; Yi, Suk-Hee] USAMEDDAC K, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Kim, Heung-Chul; Chong, Sung-Tae] USAMEDDAC Korea, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Gu, Se Hun; Kang, Hae-Ji; Shim, So-Hee; Ha, Si-Jung; Song, Jin-Won] Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 136705, South Korea. [Lee, In-Yong] Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Med Biol, Coll Med, Seoul 120752, South Korea. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sames, WJ (reprint author), Def Logist Agcy, 8725 John J Kingman Rd,Suite 2639,Attn DES E, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD; National Center for Military Intelligence, Fort Detrick, MD. FX We are grateful for the support and encouragement that the 18th Medical Command (MEDCOM) commander, Brian Allgood (deceased) provided throughout this study. We thank COL Martha Sanders, deputy chief of staff, and LTC Hee-Choon Lee, preventive medicine consultant, Force Health Protection (FHP), 18th MEDCOM for their support and MSG Kerry McKinley, FHP, 18th MEDCOM, for his support in coordinating rodent surveillance personnel. We also thank the commanders and the many soldiers of the 5th and 38th Medical Detachments (preventive medicine), 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, for their support in conducting rodent surveillance. We especially thank the graduate students and staff of Korea University for their support in the bionomic data collection for the small mammals. We acknowledge Jong-Koo Lee, director general, Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and his staff for their administrative support and reports on scrub typhus in Korean populations. Funding for portions of this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD and the National Center for Military Intelligence (formerly Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center), Fort Detrick, MD. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800012 PM 20108842 ER PT J AU Burks, RE Moore, JT Barnes, JW Bell, JE AF Burks, Robert E. Moore, James T. Barnes, J. Wesley Bell, John E. TI Solving the Theater Distribution Problem with Tabu Search SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tabu search; Theater distribution; Location routing problem; Routing; Group theory; Scheduling AB The concept of an integrated logistics system is critical in constructing an efficient logistics distribution system. Management decisions concerning the number, size, and location of supply facilities, the allocation of customers and assets to these facilities, and the required delivery structure are crucial decisions in any distribution system. Theater distribution embodies the flow of logistics resources between military strategic sources and customers within a geographic military area of operation. The "location routing pickup and delivery problem with time windows" (LPDPTW) is associated with determining the set of vehicle depot locations to open, allocation of transportation assets to these depots, the selection of appropriate supply facilities, the allocation of customers to supply facilities, and the development of a vehicle routing and scheduling plan that achieves the time definite delivery (TDD) of demands while minimizing the total distribution system cost within a theater. The distribution network's logistics footprint within the geographic area of operation largely determines the system's cost, which consists of the costs of establishing and operating the transportation depots and supply facilities and the transportation costs incurred by the distribution network. This paper describes an implementation of an effective adaptive tabu search (ATS) methodology for the theater distribution problem (TDP). This methodology evaluates and provides a routing and scheduling of theater transportation assets at the individual asset level to ensure TDD for all demands. C1 [Burks, Robert E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Moore, James T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, J. Wesley] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bell, John E.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Burks, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM reburks@nps.edu; james.moore@afit.edu; wbarnes@mailutexas.edu; bell@utk.edu RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015 OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 5 EP 26 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 737OK UT WOS:000288577900001 ER PT J AU Shearer, LTCR Marvin, B AF Shearer, L. T. C. Robert Marvin, Brett TI Recognizing Patterns of Nation-State Instability that Lead to Conflict SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper presents research conducted at the Center for Army Analysis (CAA) to classify patterns of nation-state instability that lead to conflict Nation-states that experience instability-induced conflict are similar with respect to several factors and patterns We utilize standard pattern classification algorithms (k-Nearest Neighbor and Nearest Centroid) to identify these patterns First, we identify features (political, military, economic and social) that capture the instability of a nation-state Second, we forecast the future levels of these features for each nation-state Third, we classify each future state's conflict potential based upon the conflict level of those states in the past most similar to the future state This method improved upon the accuracy of earlier predictive models at CAA and provided an understandable geometric interpretation of the results for senior decision makers in the Army C1 [Shearer, L. T. C. Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Marvin, Brett] Marine Corps Combat Dev Command, Operat Anal Div, Quantico, VA USA. RP Shearer, LTCR (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 684MY UT WOS:000284555200002 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, Alan TI Barrier Games SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper considers barriers that separate one region from another m the sense that an intruder cannot pass from one region to the other without being captured The barriers are composed of individual units, each of which has a fixed speed and capture radius The distinguishing feature is that the intruder is assumed to know the configuration of the barrier at all times, and can use this information to select a successful penetration path, if one exists We find conditions under which penetration is possible, first for straight-line barriers and then for circular barriers C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 684MY UT WOS:000284555200003 ER PT J AU Kang, K Doerr, KH Apte, U Boudreau, M AF Kang, Keebom Doerr, Kenneth H. Apte, Uday Boudreau, Michael TI Decision Support Models for Valuing Improvements in Component Reliability and Maintenance SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We develop two integrated models to support the analysis required when outsourcing logistics services at the component-level to achieve improvements in system-level availability for a weapon system. In the decision-making environment we model, a set of investment alternatives for the improvement of component-level sparing, reliability, or maintainability are available at given costs through performance-based contractual agreements. Operational availability (Ao) is a central benefit to be obtained through such contracting, and average Ao is a typical performance measure in performance-based contracts. But average system Ao may not be a sufficient performance measure, compared to the probability that the Ao of an asset pool falls below a given planning threshold (what we call readiness risk). Investments in alternatives may be limited by budget constraints, but there is no simple commensurable unit between investment dollars and readiness benefits. Hence, we present a spreadsheet cost model and an integrated discrete-event simulation model that together make explicit the cost and readiness implications of available alternatives, to serve as a decision support system, and to provide a common ground for discussions of tradeoffs. C1 [Kang, Keebom; Doerr, Kenneth H.; Apte, Uday; Boudreau, Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM kkang@nps.edu; khdoerr@nps.edu; uapte@nps.edu; mboudreau@nps.edu OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 FU NAVSEA (Naval Sea Systems Command) FX We would like to acknowledge the support from the NAVSEA (Naval Sea Systems Command) PEO (Program Executive Officer) SHIPS and PEO IWS (Integrated Warfare Systems) for their funding. Authors also would like to thank Rear Admiral James Green, USN (ret) for his support and funding arrangement for our research. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 55 EP 68 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 737OK UT WOS:000288577900004 ER PT J AU Momen, N Taylor, MK Pietrobon, R Gandhi, M Markham, AE Padilla, GA Miller, PW Evans, KE Sander, TC AF Momen, Nausheen Taylor, Marcus K. Pietrobon, Ricardo Gandhi, Mihir Markham, Amanda E. Padilla, Genieleah A. Miller, Paul W. Evans, Katherine E. Sander, Todd C. TI Initial Validation of the Military Operational Risk Taking Scale (MORTS) SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSATION SEEKING; PROPENSITY; ANXIETY; BEHAVIORS AB Risk is an inherent component of military operations. A 31-item Military Operational Risk Taking Scale (MORTS) was developed to identify military personnel with the tendency to engage in or avoid operationally nonessential risks that are maladaptive to the mission. Three hundred and thirty-three active duty Marine Corps personnel completed the MORTS along with two measures of non-military-specific risk taking: Domain-Specific Risk-Attitude Scale (DOSPERT) and Evaluation of Risk Scale (EVAR). The participants also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The MORTS had excellent internal reliability and convergent validity with risk-taking scales of other domains. The responses to the 31 items of the MORTS were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) with a Varimax rotation. Preliminary findings demonstrated that the MORTS may identify individuals who are likely to participate in essential/adaptive versus nonessential/maladaptive operational risk. C1 [Momen, Nausheen; Markham, Amanda E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Miller, Paul W.; Evans, Katherine E.; Sander, Todd C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. [Pietrobon, Ricardo; Gandhi, Mihir] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Momen, N (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Nausheen.Momen@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 128 EP 142 AR PII 920991906 DI 10.1080/08995601003638942 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 595ZT UT WOS:000277653700004 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI Rosch, N Trickey, SB AF Dunlap, Brett I. Roesch, Notker Trickey, S. B. TI Variational fitting methods for electronic structure calculations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE variational fitting; density fitting; resolution of the identity; Cholesky decomposition; inner projection ID AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; KOHN-SHAM PROBLEM; X ALPHA METHOD; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; KROLL-HESS APPROACH; PERIODIC-SYSTEMS; TOTAL-ENERGY; INTEGRALS; ROBUST AB We review the basics and the evolution of a powerful and widely applicable general approach to the systematic reduction of computational burden in many-electron calculations. Variational fitting of electron densities (either total or partial) has the great advantage, for quantum mechanical calculations, that it respects the stationarity property, which is at the heart of the success of the basis set expansion methods ubiquitous in computational chemistry and materials physics. The key point is easy. In a finite system, independent of whether the fitted charge distribution is constrained to contain the proper amount of charge, variational fitting guarantees that the quantum mechanical total energy retains the stationarity property. Thus, many-electron quantum mechanics with variational fitting of an electronic density in an incomplete density-fitting basis set behaves similarly as the exact quantum mechanical energy does when evaluated with an incomplete basis set to fit wavefunctions or spin-orbitals. Periodically bounded systems are a bit more subtle but the essential stationarity is preserved. This preservation of an exact property is quite distinct from truncation of the resolution of the identity in a basis. Variational fitting has proven to have benefits far beyond the original objective of making a Gaussian-orbital basis calculation of an early density functional computationally feasible. We survey many of those developments briefly, with guidance to the pertinent literature and a few remarks about the connections with Quantum Theory Project. C1 [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roesch, Notker] Tech Univ Munich, Catalysis Res Ctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Trickey, S. B.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Trickey, S. B.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Roesch, Notker] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory; State of Bavaria; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie (Germany) [02E10186]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0002139] FX We are grateful to the host of collaborators whose names appear with ours in the citations. The Office of Naval Research, directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory supported the research of BID. NR was supported in part by the Munich Center of Advanced Computing funded by the State of Bavaria, Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie (Germany, grant no. 02E10186), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. SBT was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0002139. NR 88 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 108 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 3167 EP 3180 AR PII 927575199 DI 10.1080/00268976.2010.518982 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 685NJ UT WOS:000284635100032 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Sulpizio, HM Fayos, ZA Trulove, MA Reichert, WM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, L. M. Sulpizio, H. M. Fayos, Z. A. Trulove, M. A. Reichert, W. M. Foley, M. P. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Process Variables that Control Natural Fiber Welding SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID MORI SILK FIBROIN; IONIC LIQUIDS; CELLULOSE; DISSOLUTION; REGENERATION; SURFACE; FILMS AB Preliminary data are shown for a systematic study of the variables that control the fiber welding process. Cotton cloth samples are treated with various amounts of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for a series of times and temperatures. Processed materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and mechanical (tensile) testing. Chemical and physical properties are shown to be controllably modified with careful management of process variables. C1 [Haverhals, L. M.; Sulpizio, H. M.; Fayos, Z. A.; Trulove, M. A.; Reichert, W. M.; Foley, M. P.; Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U. S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1149/1.3484764 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000008 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Sulpizio, HM Fayos, ZA Trulove, MA Reichert, WM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, L. M. Sulpizio, H. M. Fayos, Z. A. Trulove, M. A. Reichert, W. M. Foley, M. P. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Characterization of Polymer Movement in Fiber Welded Cellulose Composites SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID IONIC LIQUIDS; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE AB Several examples of fiber welding were characterized by visible, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopies to evaluate polymer reorganization. Distinct morphologies were observed that are process dependent. The characterization of process controlled sample morphology is the basis for understanding observed bulk physical properties such as tensile strength and the modulus. C1 [Haverhals, L. M.; Sulpizio, H. M.; Fayos, Z. A.; Trulove, M. A.; Reichert, W. M.; Foley, M. P.; Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U. S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1149/1.3484765 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000009 ER PT S AU McIlvaine, WB Foley, MP Reichert, WM Mandia, JJ Haverhals, LM O'Sullivan, DW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF McIlvaine, W. B. Foley, M. P. Reichert, W. M. Mandia, J. J. Haverhals, L. M. O'Sullivan, D. W. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Grass to Gas: Ionic Liquid Based Conversion of Biomass to Fuels SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID CATALYSTS; DEPOLYMERIZATION; CELLULOSE; SOLVENTS AB Fossil fuels are being rapidly depleted and a novel and renewable source of hydrocarbons needs to be found. One source of untapped energy is cellulose. Work has shown that ionic liquids can dissolve and enable the facile processing of cellulose. This research shows that 1-methylimidazolum-3-ethylsulfonic acid triflate, an ionic liquid catalyst, can be used as a catalyst for the depolymerization of cellulose in an ionic liquid at greater than 50% conversion to reducing sugars. It also shows the main product of the reaction is glucose which is further dehydrated into 5-(Hydroxy-methyl) furfural. This investigation evaluated the effects of time, temperature, and co-catalyst on the reaction products and rate of the reaction. C1 [McIlvaine, W. B.; Foley, M. P.; Reichert, W. M.; Mandia, J. J.; Haverhals, L. M.; O'Sullivan, D. W.; Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP McIlvaine, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 FU Office of Naval Research FX Acknowledgements go to the Office of Naval Research for funding, the U. S. Naval Academy for facilities and personnel, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for personnel, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for facilities and personnel. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1149/1.3484767 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000011 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM DaBronzo, CL Schlessman, JL Reichert, WM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, L. M. DaBronzo, C. L. Schlessman, J. L. Reichert, W. M. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Fluorescence Activity of Green Fluorescent Protein in Ionic Liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID GENE-EXPRESSION AB In this study the fluorescence activity of a mutant form of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), GFPuv, was explored in ionic liquid solvents. Purified GFPuv was obtained and experiments probing the fluorescence spectral properties of GFPuv in a series of solvents were undertaken. Data show that GFPuv is fluorescent in several ionic liquid solvents when sufficient water is also present, and the amount of water (in the solvent system) is critical in determining the fluorescent activity. Results are interpreted with regards to previous Hofmeister series correlations in attempt to rationalize solvating and stabilizing properties of the solvent systems investigated. C1 [Haverhals, L. M.; DaBronzo, C. L.; Schlessman, J. L.; Reichert, W. M.; Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U. S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1149/1.3484770 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000014 ER PT S AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, G. T. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Voltammetric Investigations of Ketone Complexation by Lewis Acids in Ionic Liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochem, Electrodeposit, Energy Technol ID FRIES REARRANGEMENT; MELTS AB The interaction of fluorenone with scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(TfO)(3)) has been investigated in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMPY TfO). The formation of two Sc3+ : fluorenone complexes is suggested by the appearance of two reduction processes, shifted positive from the original fluorenone reduction process, upon addition of Sc(TfO)(3). A weak interaction of Sc(TfO)(3) with fluorenone radical anion is also observed. An interesting contrast with the behavior of Hf(TfO)(4) toward fluorenone is noted, the Hf(TfO)(4) : fluorenone interaction being generally stronger than that of Sc(TfO)(3). C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1149/1.3484808 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000052 ER PT S AU Owrutsky, JC Houchins, C Weidinger, D Brown, D AF Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Houchins, Cassidy Weidinger, Daniel Brown, Douglas BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Vibrational Spectra and Dynamics of Anions and Acids in Ionic Liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; SOLVATION AB Vibrational spectra and energy relaxation lifetimes are reported for the protonated acidic species hydrazoic acid (HN3) and the azide (N-3(-)), thiocyanate (NCS-) and dicyanamide (DCA) anions in imidizolium and phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs). The vibrational spectra and dynamics for the anions in phosphonium tetrafluoroborate and dicyanamide ILs are similar to those previously reported for imidizolium ILs, which resemble the behavior in aprotic molecular solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide. The results are different for hydrazoic acid. In water, methanol and other protic solvents the energy relaxation time is shorter for the azide anion than its protonated and neutral counterpart, hydrazoic acid. In ILs, however, the anion relaxation times are faster than the acid, indicating that the intermolecular interactions are different for acids and anions in ILs compared to conventional molecular solvents. C1 [Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Houchins, Cassidy; Weidinger, Daniel] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Douglas] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX Support provided by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. DW and CH acknowledges a Naval Research Laboratory - National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1149/1.3484820 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000064 ER PT S AU Reichert, WM Henderson, WA Trulove, PC Urban, JJ De Long, HC AF Reichert, W. M. Henderson, W. A. Trulove, P. C. Urban, J. J. De Long, H. C. BE Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Trulove, PC TI Effects of Crystal Packing on the Thermal Behavior of N,N '-alkylpiperidinium and N,N '-alkylmorpholinium Iodide Salts SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 17 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Electrodeposit, Energy Technol (ETD) ID MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELD; IONIC LIQUIDS; MMFF94; GEOMETRIES AB The focus of this study was an investigation of the thermal and structural properties of a series of piperidinium (PIPxx) and morpholinium (MORPxx) iodide salts. This study explores the effects changes in the alkyl chain length and ring conformation has in the melting point and crystal packing. As well heteroatom substitution effect on the melting point and conformation of the ionic liquids will be investigated. An evaluation of the structural information and melting point data gave insight into the thermal behavior of these salts. By maintaining the anion and varying the alkyl chain length, we were able to observe the influence that chain length has on cation-anion interactions. The small changes in the cation, such as increasing the alkyl chain length or substituting a heteroatom into the ring, can lead to dramatic changes in the thermal properties. C1 [Reichert, W. M.; Trulove, P. C.; Urban, J. J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Henderson, W. A.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Reichert, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U. S. Naval Academy; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program; U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy FX This work was partially support by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the U. S. Naval Academy, and the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-176-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.1149/1.3484824 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDK82 UT WOS:000313618000068 ER PT J AU Ge, XY Li, T Peng, MS AF Ge, Xuyang Li, Tim Peng, Melinda S. TI Cyclogenesis Simulation of Typhoon Prapiroon (2000) Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL-CYCLONE; PREEXISTING TYPHOON; HURRICANE INTENSITY; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES; OUTFLOW LAYER; EDDY FLUXES; MOMENTUM; ENVIRONMENT; VORTICES AB The genesis of Typhoon Prapiroon (2000), in the western North Pacific, is simulated to understand the role of Rossby wave energy dispersion of a preexisting tropical cyclone (TC) in the subsequent genesis event. Two experiments are conducted. In the control experiment (CTL), the authors retain both the previous typhoon, Typhoon Bilis, and its wave train in the initial condition. In the sensitivity experiment (EXP), the circulation of Typhoon Bilis was removed based on a spatial filtering technique of Kurihara et al., while the wave train in the wake is kept. The comparison between these two numerical simulations demonstrates that the preexisting TC impacts the subsequent TC genesis through both a direct and an indirect process. The direct process is through the conventional barotropic Rossby wave energy dispersion, which enhances the low-level wave train, the boundary layer convergence, and the convection-circulation feedback. The indirect process is through the upper-level outflow jet. The asymmetric outflow jet induces a secondary circulation with a strong divergence tendency to the left-exit side of the outflow jet. The upper-level divergence boosts large-scale ascending motion and promotes favorable environmental conditions for a TC-scale vortex development. In addition, the outflow jet induces a well-organized cyclonic eddy angular momentum flux, which acts as a momentum forcing that enhances the upper-level outflow and low-level inflow and favors the growth of the new TC. C1 [Ge, Xuyang; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ge, XY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xuyang@hawaii.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000140710145, N000140810256]; National Science Foundation (NSF) of China [40875026]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07AG53G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX The authors thank Drs. Bin Wang and Liguang Wu, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments, which helped improve the quality of this work. This work is supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grants N000140710145 and N000140810256. The first author is also supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) of China Grant 40875026. The International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; NNX07AG53G), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; NA17RJ1230). NR 32 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1175/2009MWR3005.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 552WO UT WOS:000274324900003 ER PT J AU Campbell, WF Bishop, CH Hodyss, D AF Campbell, William F. Bishop, Craig H. Hodyss, Daniel TI Vertical Covariance Localization for Satellite Radiances in Ensemble Kalman Filters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES; STATISTICAL STRUCTURE; FORECAST ERRORS; MODEL; TOVS; NAVY AB A widely used observation space covariance localization method is shown to adversely affect satellite radiance assimilation in ensemble Kalman filters (EnKFs) when compared to model space covariance localization. The two principal problems are that distance and location are not well defined for integrated measurements, and that neighboring satellite channels typically have broad, overlapping weighting functions, which produce true, nonzero correlations that localization in radiance space can incorrectly eliminate. The limitations of the method are illustrated in a 1D conceptual model, consisting of three vertical levels and a two-channel satellite instrument. A more realistic 1D model is subsequently tested, using the 30 vertical levels from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) weighting functions for channels 6-11, and the observation error variance and forecast error covariance from the NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). Analyses from EnKFs using radiance space localization are compared with analyses from raw EnKFs, EnKFs using model space localization, and the optimal analyses using the NAVDAS forecast error covariance as a proxy for the true forecast error covariance. As measured by mean analysis error variance reduction, radiance space localization is inferior to model space localization for every ensemble size and meaningful observation error variance tested. Furthermore, given as many satellite channels as vertical levels, radiance space localization cannot recover the true temperature state with perfect observations, whereas model space localization can. C1 [Campbell, William F.; Bishop, Craig H.; Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93941 USA. RP Campbell, WF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Rd, Monterey, CA 93941 USA. EM bill.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Oceanographic and Aeronautical Administration (NOAA) [NA04AANRG0233]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [BE-435-003, N0001407WX30012]; National Research Council FX The authors thank Jeff Whitaker, Peter Houtekamer, Herschel Mitchell, and our anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments. We gratefully acknowledge the support of funding from the National Oceanographic and Aeronautical Administration (NOAA), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the National Research Council. In particular, support from ONR Project Element 0602435N, Project BE-435-003, ONR Grant N0001407WX30012, and from NOAA, THORPEX Grant NA04AANRG0233 is acknowledged. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1175/2009MWR3017.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 552WO UT WOS:000274324900019 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Fundamental Principles and Overview SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADAR DETECTION; SEA CLUTTER; DESIGN RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 1 EP 73 PG 73 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900001 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Doppler Radar Waveform Design and Filtering SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POST-DETECTION INTEGRATION; APPROXIMATIONS; SYSTEMS RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 75 EP 135 PG 61 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900002 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Doppler Radar Performance Measures SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 137 EP 214 PG 78 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900003 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Clutter Properties and Data SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-CLUTTER; RADAR DETECTION; DETECTION PERFORMANCE; WEIBULL CLUTTER; MODEL; GENERATION; TARGETS RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 215 EP 333 PG 119 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900004 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Theory of Optimum Radar Doppler Processing SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTEGRATION; NOISE; MTI; TRANSFORM RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 335 EP 398 PG 64 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900005 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI MTI Systems SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 399 EP 475 PG 77 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900006 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Pulsed Doppler Systems SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTENNA SIDELOBE REQUIREMENTS; AIR-TO-SURFACE; AIRBORNE RADAR; MEDIUM PRF; CLUTTER RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 477 EP 558 PG 82 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900007 ER PT B AU Schleher, DC AF Schleher, D. Curtis BA Schleher, DC BF Schleher, DC TI Special Topics in Doppler Radar Systems SO MTI AND PULSED DOPPLER RADAR WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Schleher, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-414-6 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 559 EP 634 PG 76 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BPQ30 UT WOS:000279629900008 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Dai, ZT King, WP Sheehan, PE AF Lee, Woo Kyung Dai, Zhenting King, William P. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Maskless Nanoscale Writing of Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites and Nanoparticle Assemblies using Thermal Nanoprobes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanolithography; nanocomposites; atomic force microscopy ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SHEAR-INDUCED ORDER; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTRONICS; SUSPENSIONS; DIMENSIONS; MOLECULES AB Nanoparticle polymer Composites containing metal, semiconductor, magnetic, and optically active nanoparticles were deposited onto multiple substrates from a heatable atomic force microscope tip. The nanoparticle nanostructures were functional as deposited or could be etched with an oxygen plasma, revealing single nanoparticle lithographic resolution. Many types of nanoparticles can be patterned with the same technique, without the need to tailor the substrate chemistry and without solution processing. C1 [Lee, Woo Kyung; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dai, Zhenting; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1021/nl9030456 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 541PG UT WOS:000273428700022 PM 20028114 ER PT J AU Cragg, GE Efros, AL AF Cragg, George E. Efros, Alexander L. TI Suppression of Auger Processes in Confined Structures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Auger processes; quantum dot; quantum well; quantum wire; nanocrystal blinking; laser threshold ID QUANTUM-DOT BLINKING; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; WELL LASERS; INTERMITTENCY; SILICON AB We explore how the size and shape of the microscopic confinement potential affects the nonradiative Auger decay rate of confined carriers. Calculations conducted in the two-band, effective mass Kane model unambiguously show that smoothing out the confinement Potential could reduce the rate by more than 3 orders of magnitude relative to the rate in structures with abruptly terminating boundaries. As the confinement potential width is increased, the calculated rate decreases overall, exhibiting very deep minima at regular widths. Such minima suggest that nanocrystals of "magic sizes" can exist for which nonradiative Auger processes are strongly suppressed. C1 [Cragg, George E.; Efros, Alexander L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cragg, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cragg@alum.mit.edu; efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; National Research Council Associateship Program FX This work has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the National Research Council Associateship Program. NR 27 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1021/nl903592h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 541PG UT WOS:000273428700052 PM 20017564 ER PT J AU Efros, AL AF Efros, Alexander L. BE Klimov, VI TI Fine Structure and Polarization Properties of Band-Edge Excitons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals SO NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; MICROCRYSTALS; RESONANCE; LUMINESCENCE; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITIONS; ASSIGNMENT; CRYSTALS AB We review the dark/bright exciton model that describes the fine structure of the band-edge exciton in nanometer-size crystallites of direct-gap semiconductors with a cubic lattice structure or a hexagonal lattice structure, which can be described within the framework of a quasicubic model. The theory shows that the lowest energy exciton, which is eightfold degenerate in spherically symmetric nanocrystals (NCs), is split into five levels by the crystal shape asymmetry, the intrinsic crystal field (in hexagonal lattice structures), and the electron-hole exchange interaction. Two of the five states, including the ground state, are optically passive (dark excitons). The oscillator strengths of the other three levels (bright excitons) depend strongly on the NC size, shape, and energy band parameters. The state angular momentum projections on the crystal hexagonal axis (F = 0, + 1) determine polarization properties of the NC emission. An external magnetic field splits the levels and mixes the dark and bright excitons allowing the direct optical recombination of the dark exciton ground state. The developed theory is applied for description of various polarization properties of photoluminescence (PL) from CdSe NCs: the linear polarization memory effect, the polarization properties of single spherical and elongated (rod-like) NCs, the fine structure of the resonant PL, the Stokes shift of the PL, shortening of the radiative decay in a magnetic field, magnetocircular dichroism (MCD), and PL polarization in a strong magnetic field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7927-2 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 132 DI 10.1201/9781420079272-c3 D2 10.1201/9781420079272 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BTC22 UT WOS:000286425800005 ER PT S AU Gowda, MH Glembocki, OJ Geng, S Prokes, SM Garces, N Caldwell, JD AF Gowda, M. H. Glembocki, O. J. Geng, S. Prokes, S. M. Garces, N. Caldwell, J. D. BE Islam, MS Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA TI Surface Modification of Metal and Metal Coated Nanoparticles to Induce Clustering SO NANOEPITAXY: HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DEVICE INTEGRATION OF NANOMATERIALS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Homo- and Heterogeneous Synthesis, Characterization, and Device Integration of Nanomaterials II CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering; Absorption Surface Plasmon Resonance; Au and Ag nanoparticles; Cysteamine; Organosulfur compounds ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMON RESONANCE; AMINO-ACIDS; SILVER; SCATTERING AB Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for the detection of submonolayer coverage of gold or silver surfaces. The magnitude of the effect and the spectral wavelength of the peak depend on the metal nanoparticles used and its geometry. In this paper we show that the use of chemicals that bind to gold or silver can lead to the clustering of nanoparticles. We used well defined Au nanoparticles in our experiments and add cysteamine to solutions containing the nanoparticles. The plasmonic response of the nanoparticles is measured by transmission Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. We observed significant changes to the SPR spectra that are characteristics of close coupled nanoparticles. The time evolution of these changes indicates the formation of gold nanoparticles clusters. The SERS response of these clustered nanoparticles is observed to red shift from the designed peak wavelength in the green to the red. In addition, the placement of these clusters on dielectric surfaces shifts the SPR even more into the red. The experimental results are supported by calculations of the electromagnetic fields using finite difference methods. C1 [Gowda, M. H.; Glembocki, O. J.; Prokes, S. M.; Garces, N.; Caldwell, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gowda, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8264-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7768 AR 77680L DI 10.1117/12.862367 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BSU42 UT WOS:000285826300010 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Qi, H Yung, J Glembocki, O AF Prokes, S. M. Qi, Hua Yung, Jenny Glembocki, Orest BE Islam, MS Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA TI Formation and Plasmonic Properties of silicon nanowire arrays produced by chemical etching SO NANOEPITAXY: HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DEVICE INTEGRATION OF NANOMATERIALS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Homo- and Heterogeneous Synthesis, Characterization, and Device Integration of Nanomaterials II CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Si nanowires; arrays; etching; SERS ID GROWTH AB We have investigated the formation of silicon nanowire arrays by the use of a simple chemical etching approach. The etching characteristics of silicon nanowire arrays using wafers with diverse doping levels and several orientations have been examined. Furthermore, the etching solution, etching time and temperature were also considered in order to optimize the etching conditions to produce thinner and more orderly silicon nanowire arrays in registry with the substrate. Since this process takes advantage of a silver catalyst, we have also investigated various ways of forming the initial silver catalyst on the silicon surfaces, and we show that electroless Ag deposition, as well as e-beam thin film deposition of Ag, results in successful, highly aligned and ordered Si nanowire arrays after the etching step. In addition, we have also performed Surfaced Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements on the nanowire arrays and on nanowires removed from the substrate. C1 [Prokes, S. M.; Qi, Hua; Yung, Jenny; Glembocki, Orest] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8264-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7768 AR 77680M DI 10.1117/12.859825 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BSU42 UT WOS:000285826300011 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Wang, JW Qiu, XF Burda, C AF Gole, James L. Prokes, Sharka M. Glembocki, O. J. Wang, Junwei Qiu, Xiaofeng Burda, Clemens TI Study of concentration-dependent cobalt ion doping of TiO2 and TiO2-xNx at the nanoscale SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ANATASE-RUTILE TRANSFORMATION; YAG LASER IRRADIATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; NITROGEN; TITANIUM; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE; NANOCATALYSTS; PHOTOEMISSION AB Experiments with a porous sol-gel generated TiO2 nanocolloid and its corresponding oxynitride TiO2-xNx are carried out to evaluate those transformations which accompany additional doping with transition metals. In this study, doping with cobalt (Co-II) ions is evaluated using a combination of core level and VB-photoelectron and optical spectroscopy, complementing data obtained from Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy suggests that cobalt doping of porous sol-gel generated anatase TiO2 and nitridated TiO2-xNx introduces a spinel-like structure into the TiO2 and TiO2-xNx lattices. TEM and XPS data complemented by valence band-photoelectron spectra demonstrate that metallic cobalt clusters are not formed even at high doping levels. As evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, the creation of a spinel-like structure is commensurate with the room temperature conversion of the oxide and its oxynitride from the anatase to the rutile form. The onset of this kinetically driven process correlates with the formation of spinel sites within the TiO2 and TiO2-xNx particles. Despite their visible light absorption, the photocatalytic activity of these cobalt seeded systems is diminished relative to the oxynitride TiO2-xNx. C1 [Gole, James L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gole, James L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Prokes, Sharka M.; Glembocki, O. J.] NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Junwei; Qiu, Xiaofeng; Burda, Clemens] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St,NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jim.gole@physics.gatech.edu; prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; glembocki@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; burda@case.edu RI Burda, Clemens/C-5107-2008; Burda, Clemens/D-1933-2010 OI Burda, Clemens/0000-0002-7342-2840; NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2010 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1140 DI 10.1039/c0nr00125b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 622AE UT WOS:000279627900013 PM 20648339 ER PT J AU Harvey, JC AF Harvey, John C. TI ASNE Fleet Maintenance and Modernization Symposium 2010 Opening Keynote Address SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Harvey, John C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00276.x PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 726EN UT WOS:000287701900001 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Biswas, S AF Dong, Qing Biswas, Saroj TI Nonlinear Feedback Control of a Dual-Cable Ropeway System SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OVERHEAD CRANE; MOTION AB This paper investigates dynamic control of dual-cable transportation systems, where the haul cable drives a concentrated load on a flexible track cable. The objective of this research is to develop a nonlinear feedback control algorithm applied to this unique cable system, which can be applied to the Navy Underway Replenishment System. First, the nonlinear system model is developed which has the form of a second order nonlinear differential equation coupled with a set of algebraic constraints. Then a linearizing feedback control law is presented that drives a concentrated load smoothly from one point to another. The method is illustrated by simulation results. C1 [Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM qing.dong@navy.mil; saroj.biswas@temple.edu FU NSWC Carderock Division FX The first author is also grateful to Dr. John Barkyoumb, Director of Research, NSWC Carderock Division, who provided funding for this effort. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00238.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712QD UT WOS:000286680400003 ER PT J AU Psallidas, K Whitcomb, CA Hootman, JC AF Psallidas, Konstantinos Whitcomb, Clifford A. Hootman, John C. TI Forecasting System-Level Impacts of Technology Infusion in Ship Design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study examines a methodology that can aid the decision maker in projecting the performance of future vessel concepts and in allocating the resources for technological research and development in an optimum way. The method is generic, and can be applied to any system that can be modeled mathematically, such as a naval surface combatant or submarine. The method combines system-level design parameters with technology impact assessment. The impact of technology is assessed through the use of technology k-factors through a design of experiments and response surface method that is coupled with a computational ship synthesis model to modify the technical characteristics or the cost parameters of the design. These modifications result in changes to the technical metrics used to simulate the hypothetical improvement or degradation associated with the new technology. This methodology is demonstrated through a technological impact assessment of the operational characteristics of a conventional submarine design. C1 [Whitcomb, Clifford A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Whitcomb, Clifford A.] Univ New Orleans, Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Hootman, John C.] USN, Sea Syst Command Headquarters, Expeditionary Warfare Ship Div NAVSEA 05D3, Washington, DC USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001402WR20414] FX This work was performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for their support through grant number N0001402WR20414. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00197.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 682BB UT WOS:000284370600002 ER PT J AU Wilson, W Hendrix, D Gorski, J AF Wilson, Wesley Hendrix, Dane Gorski, Joseph TI Hull Form Optimization for Early Stage Ship Design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Shape optimization is a growing field of interest in many areas of academic research, marine design, and manufacturing. As part of the Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments Ships Hydromechanics Product, an effort is underway to develop a computational tool set and process framework that can aid the ship designer in making informed decisions regarding the influence of the planned hull shape on its hydrodynamic characteristics, even at the earliest stages where decisions can have significant cost implications. The major goal of this effort is to utilize the increasing experience gained in using these methods to assess shape optimization techniques and how they might impact design for current and future naval ships. Additionally, this effort is aimed at establishing an optimization framework within the bounds of a collaborative design environment that will result in improved performance and better understanding of preliminary ship designs at an early stage. The initial effort demonstrated here is aimed at ship resistance, and examples are shown for full ship and localized bow dome shaping related to the Joint High Speed Sealift hull concept. C1 [Wilson, Wesley; Gorski, Joseph] USN, Computat Hydromech Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gorski, Joseph] USN, Prop & Fluid Syst Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wilson, W (reprint author), USN, Computat Hydromech Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM wesley.m.wilson@navy.mil FU NSWC Carderock Division; Department of Defense FX This effort has been partially funded by the NSWC Carderock Division Board of Directors Technical Capability Stewardship Funds and the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program under the CREATE Ships Hydrodynamics Project. The authors also would like to thank John Kuhn from SAIC, who is the developer of the SHAPE code. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 2 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00268.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 703SE UT WOS:000286000800002 ER PT J AU Petersen, LJ Hoffman, DJ Borraccini, JP Swindler, SB AF Petersen, Lynn J. Hoffman, Donald J. Borraccini, Joseph P. Swindler, Steven B. TI Next-Generation Power and Energy: Maybe Not So Next Generation SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Through many a technical society paper and/or presentation, such as this, future high-power mission loads such as Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, Electromagnetic Rail Gun, and Free Electron Laser that will provide capabilities far greater than can be achieved by existing platforms, have been presented. With these high-power and energy mission loads comes the need for next-generation integrated power systems possessing higher voltage distribution systems (AC or DC), compact/power-dense conversion modules, high-speed power-dense power generation modules, energy storage modules, and appropriate supervisory and machinery controls to provide and partition the available power and energy to the right load, with the right power and at the right time. This remains the vision for the "Navy after Next" all-electric warship (AEW). However, "Navy Now" and "Next Navy" platforms have challenges and needs that ongoing investments and advanced developments in power and energy technologies can help to meet. Such challenges include reduced dependency on foreign-supplied fossil fuel, increasing demand for installed ship power, controlling ship procurement and life-cycle costs. This paper will present planned and ongoing efforts that can be aligned to meet these nearer term ship challenges, and at the same time, with an eye on the future power and energy requirements when they materialize, be refocused to enable and support the high-power and energy demands of the AEW. C1 [Petersen, Lynn J.] NAVSEA Energy Technol, SEA 05T2, Washington, DC USA. [Petersen, Lynn J.] PMS 320, Washington, DC USA. [Hoffman, Donald J.; Borraccini, Joseph P.; Swindler, Steven B.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Petersen, LJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Energy Technol, SEA 05T2, Washington, DC USA. EM lynn.j.petersen@navy.mil NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00280.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 726EN UT WOS:000287701900005 ER PT J AU Kennedy, KP AF Kennedy, Kevin P. TI Training: The Key to Keeping Your Head in a Crisis Situation SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In today's highly competitive fiscal environment, training organizations have to fight for and defend their need for a share of an organization's budget. As a result, training and training-related activities often are reduced drastically or eliminated-but at what ultimate cost? Training and performance support interventions are required to ensure peak levels of human activities during any situation, and are especially important to ensure personnel are properly prepared and ready to respond to crisis situations. To illustrate this point, this paper will discuss several catastrophes that were averted as a result of well-trained crews who were ready for the worst possible scenario, including the recent US Airways Airbus A320, which crash-landed in New York's Hudson River, and the remarkable survival of USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58), the crew of which refused to give up the ship after striking a mine in the Persian Gulf. In addition to examining these scenarios, this paper will discuss why it is important to blend emerging technologies with legacy training methods as a fundamental requirement for designing and developing highly effective learning and performance support interventions for training efforts. We will also discuss the importance of designing and implementing training that both motivates and engages the student, all with a goal of meeting the training needs of today's and tomorrow's 21st-Century fleet. C1 [Kennedy, Kevin P.] AMSEC LLC, Northrop Grumman Shipbldg, ISD, Newport, VA USA. [Kennedy, Kevin P.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Kennedy, KP (reprint author), 2829 Guardian Lane, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. EM kevin.kennedy3@ngc.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00247.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712QD UT WOS:000286680400007 ER PT J AU Sun, J Stebe, J Kennell, C AF Sun, Jing Stebe, John Kennell, Colen TI Feasibility and Design Implications of Fuel Cell Power for Sealift Ships SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Fuel cell technologies provide clean and efficient power solutions for both stationary and mobile applications. For shipboard applications, most studies published so far have focused on ship service power or on propulsion power for small vessels with moderate power requirements. Using a military sealift vessel as the platform, this project aims at investigating the implications of implementing fuel cells as the primary power source on a large military cargo ship. A notional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module is proposed and the implications of the technology on fuel savings and machinery arrangements are analyzed. The study shows that, by using a hybrid SOFC-GT (gas turbine) system, high system efficiency can be achieved through combined power-heat-steam generation within the constraints of the given machinery space. The modular features of the fuel cell systems and electrical components are also exploited for flexible machinery arrangements. This paper documents the quantitative analysis of the fuel cell-powered sealift vessel, provides detailed space arrangement schematics for the proposed concept, and identifies the technology gaps and future development opportunities to pursue the next generation of clean and efficient military sealift vessels or commercial cargo ships. C1 [Sun, Jing] Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stebe, John] USN, Acquisit Intern Program, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Stebe, John] USN, Ctr Innovat Ship Design, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Kennell, Colen] USN, Sea Syst Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jingsun@umich.edu FU ONR FX The authors would also like to thank Ed House from NAVSEA Philadelphia and Mike Touma from Military Sealift Command Prepositioning and Sealift Programs for their inputs on the Office of Naval Research (ONR) fuel cell programs and on the engineering specifications of the vessels of interest, respectively. The work reported here was performed under the ONR-ASEE (American Society of Engineering Education) Summer Faculty Fellow Program, and the authors acknowledge the financial and administrative support from ONR, in particular the support and encouragement from ONR program director Ms. Kelly Cooper. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 87 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00274.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712QD UT WOS:000286680400008 ER PT J AU Eccles, TJ Ashe, G Albrecht, S AF Eccles, Thomas J. Ashe, Glenn Albrecht, Sam TI The Achieving Service Life Program SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB One of the most challenging aspects of fleet husbandry today for any Government ship owner is the proper assessment of where to spend limited maintenance resources to keep ships mission ready and safe for the personnel who sail them as well as for the environment in which they operate. Budgets are becoming more and more constrained, personnel have less time to spread their attention over all the systems that comprise the total ship system and operating tempos are increasing. As a result, it is attractive to identify and implement processes, which facilitate the ability to focus attention where it is most needed and where it will provide the best return on investment. The Naval Sea Systems Command and the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) have recently partnered in a "Achieving Service Life Program" for the US Navy which will introduce a structured, third-party periodic condition assessment process for selected systems on a number of classes of Navy ships to aid the Navy in identifying where maintenance action is most needed on these classes and provide the means whereby the continuing health of these systems may be tracked and projections made for future planning of work. The intent of this paper is to describe the background, intent, structure, and preliminary results of this program. C1 [Eccles, Thomas J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Ashe, Glenn] Govt Operat Amer Bur Shipping, Alexandria, VA USA. [Ashe, Glenn] Govt Operat Off, Alexandria, VA USA. EM thomas.eccles@navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00275.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712QD UT WOS:000286680400009 ER PT J AU Psallidas, K Whitcomb, CA Hootman, JC AF Psallidas, Konstantinos Whitcomb, Clifford A. Hootman, John C. TI Design of Conventional Submarines with Advanced Air Independent Propulsion Systems and Determination of Corresponding Theater-Level Impacts SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Finding a quiet, state-of-the-art conventional submarine in a large area is a challenging task and the potential impacts of the threat of such a submarine can delay operations and consume large numbers of military assets. At the theater level, a technological impact assessment of the operational characteristics of a notional air independent propulsion (AIP) system submarine design is performed using a mission simulation context. This paper refreshes the topic of conventional submarine design, provides examples of analyses that demonstrate the assessment of the performance characteristics of current technology, and provides aids for decision makers in determining the impacts of future designs and possible threats. At the theater level, a technological impact assessment of the operational characteristics of a notional AIP system submarine design is performed using a mission simulation context. This study investigates potential improvements by varying systems within the same hull form. The results demonstrate the probability of detections possible with AIP propulsion systems. C1 [Whitcomb, Clifford A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Whitcomb, Clifford A.] Univ New Orleans, Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Hootman, John C.] USN, Sea Syst Command Headquarters, Expeditionary Warfare Ship Div NAVSEA 05D3, Washington, DC USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001402WR20414] FX This work was performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for their support through grant number N0001402WR20414. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00196.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 682BB UT WOS:000284370600009 ER PT S AU Chen, W AF Chen, Wei BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI A NONLINEAR MODEL FOR VELOCITY ESTIMATION FROM INFRARED IMAGE SEQUENCES SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss DE Ocean Current; Surface Velocity; Velocity Estimation; Motion Estimation; infrared images; AVHRR Images ID SEA-SURFACE VELOCITIES; TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE IMAGES; INVERSE MODEL AB Velocity estimation using tracer conservation or heat flow equation based on infrared image sequence is one of the most challenging inverse problems in geosciences and remote sensing applications. In this paper, a new nonlinear model has been created for estimating top surface velocity from an infrared image sequence. The differential form of tracer conservation or heat flow equation is replaced by a temporal integral form of the heat flow conservative constraint equation in which the initial and final states of flow terms are associated with only two time-varying frames at time t(1) and t(2). Iterative equations with Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marguardt algorithms for the estimation of the top surface velocity are formulated based on the temporal integral form of the heat flow equation, modelling the velocity field, and a nonlinear least-squares model. The solution of a numerical model is used as a benchmark to exam the new estimator. Both angular and magnitude error measurements based on the synthetic surface heat flow from the numerical model demonstrate that the performance of the new approach with the nonlinear model are much better than the results of using a linear model of the tracer conservation or heat flow equation. One sequence of NOAA AVHRR images taken in the New York Bight fields is also used to demonstrate the performance of the nonlinear inverse model. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 958 EP 963 PN 8 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000203 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Gorham, ED Garland, CF Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Mohr, Sharif B. Gorham, Edward D. Garland, Cedric F. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brain neoplasms; Vitamin D; Ultraviolet rays; Alcohol; Cigarettes; Multiple regression; International comparisons ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; BREAST-CANCER; PLASMA 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; OVARIAN-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTORS; D METABOLITES; COLON-CANCER AB Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an inverse association exists between latitude, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, modeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incidence rates of cancer of the brain. Methods: Associations of latitude and UVB irradiance with age-standardized incidence rates of cancer of the brain were analyzed for 175 countries while controlling for proportion of population overweight, energy from animal sources, fish consumption, cigarette and alcohol consumption and per capita health expenditures, using multiple regression. Serum 25(OH)D levels were modeled for each country, and their association with brain cancer also was determined. Results: The incidence rates of brain cancer were higher at higher latitudes (R(2) for males = 0.45, p <= 0.0001; R(2) for females = 0.35, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounders, UVB irradiance (p <= 0.0001) and modeled serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with incidence rates. Conclusions: Countries with low solar UVB irradiance and estimated mean serum 25(OH)D levels generally had higher age-standardized incidence rates of brain cancer. Since this was an ecological study, further research would be worthwhile on the association of prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D with incidence rate in studies of cohorts of individuals. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Cedric F.; Garland, Frank C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med 0620, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Grant, William B.] Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0620, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 FU Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [60126] FX This research was supported by a Congressional allocation to the Penn State Cancer Institute of the Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pa., USA, through the Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under work unit No. 60126 at the Naval Health Research Center (San Diego, Calif., USA). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not represent an official position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1159/000314350 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 683AM UT WOS:000284444100008 PM 20948235 ER PT J AU Drake, AI Meyer, KS Cessante, LM Cheung, CR Cullen, MA McDonald, EC Holland, MC AF Drake, Angela I. Meyer, Kimberly S. Cessante, Lynne M. Cheung, Catherine R. Cullen, Maren A. McDonald, Eric C. Holland, Martin C. TI Routine TBI screening following combat deployments SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Blast; combat veteran; injury mechanism; Iraq; Afghanistan; Marines; military; post-deployment; prevalence; screening; traumatic brain injury ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; WAR; IRAQ; VETERANS; CARE AB A precise estimate of the rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in returning combat troops is difficult to establish given the challenges of screening large numbers of military personnel returning from combat deployments. The Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS) was implemented in the First Marine Expeditionary Force between 2004 and 2006. Nine percent of the 7909 marines who completed the BTBIS were considered having a positive screen; that is, they endorsed at least one injury mechanism and indicated a change in mental status at the time of injury. The majority of combat-related TBI's were due to multiple injury agents with the next largest group related to blast exposure only. Most importantly, of those who screened positive for TBI 70.5% (n = 500) were first identified by the screen. Service members who endorsed items on the BTBIS were contacted for follow-up assessment of persistent symptoms related to TBI and clinical referrals were made as needed. Given the rate of positive TBI screens in this non-referred sample of military personnel returning from a combat deployment, routine TBI screening appears valuable in screening individuals who might not be identified otherwise. Furthermore, this study appears to refute the contention that routine TBI screening will result in an over-identification of TBI in this population. C1 [Drake, Angela I.; Meyer, Kimberly S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Cessante, Lynne M.; Cheung, Catherine R.; Cullen, Maren A.] USN, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Drake, AI (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Bldg 1,Room B209,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM adrake@dvbic.org NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0554 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300002 PM 20448308 ER PT S AU Birkholzer, T Madachy, R Pfahl, D Port, D Beitinger, H Schuster, M Olkov, A AF Birkhoelzer, Thomas Madachy, Ray Pfahl, Dietmar Port, Dan Beitinger, Harry Schuster, Michael Olkov, Alexey BE Munch, J Yang, Y Schafer, W TI SimSWE - A Library of Reusable Components for Software Process Simulation SO NEW MODELING CONCEPTS FOR TODAY'S SOFTWARE PROCESSES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Process 2010 CY JUL 08-09, 2010 CL Paderborn, GERMANY SP Univ Paderborn, Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn, Chinese Acad Sci (CAS) AB SimSWE is a library of components for modeling and simulation of software engineering processes. It consists of a generic, implementation independent description of the components and a reference implementation using the MATLAB (R) / Simulink (R) environment. By providing ready-to-use building blocks for typical functionality, the library should facilitate and ease the use of simulation to analyze software engineering issues. The goals are to provide a collection of reusable components within an open and evolvable framework to help practitioners develop simulation models faster and enable researchers to implement complex modeling and simulation tasks. Currently, the library contains more than thirty components. It can be used under the LPGL license. The paper presents the current status of SimSWE to encourage its use and participation within the research community. C1 [Birkhoelzer, Thomas; Beitinger, Harry; Schuster, Michael] Univ Appl Sci Konstanz, Constance, Germany. [Madachy, Ray] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Pfahl, Dietmar] Univ Oslo, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Pfahl, Dietmar] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Port, Dan; Olkov, Alexey] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Birkholzer, T (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Konstanz, Constance, Germany. RI Pfahl, Dietmar/H-3084-2015 OI Pfahl, Dietmar/0000-0003-2400-501X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14346-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6195 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ34 UT WOS:000286151700028 ER PT J AU Branicki, M Malek-Madani, R AF Branicki, M. Malek-Madani, R. TI Lagrangian structure of flows in the Chesapeake Bay: challenges and perspectives on the analysis of estuarine flows SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND-INDUCED DESTRATIFICATION; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; HYPERBOLIC TRAJECTORIES; DATA SETS; INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; VELOCITY-FIELDS; OUTFLOW PLUME; COHERENT STRUCTURES; UNSTABLE MANIFOLDS AB In this work we discuss applications of Lagrangian techniques to study transport properties of flows generated by shallow water models of estuarine flows. We focus on the flow in the Chesapeake Bay generated by Quoddy (see Lynch and Werner, 1991), a finite-element (shallow water) model adopted to the bay by Gross et al. (2001). The main goal of this analysis is to outline the potential benefits of using Lagrangian tools for both understanding transport properties of such flows, and for validating the model output and identifying model deficiencies. We argue that the currently available 2-D Lagrangian tools, including the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic trajectories and techniques exploiting 2-D finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields, are of limited use in the case of partially mixed estuarine flows. A further development and efficient implementation of three-dimensional Lagrangian techniques, as well as improvements in the shallow-water modelling of 3-D velocity fields, are required for reliable transport analysis in such flows. Some aspects of the 3-D trajectory structure in the Chesapeake Bay, based on the Quoddy output, are also discussed. C1 [Branicki, M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. [Branicki, M.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. [Malek-Madani, R.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Branicki, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. EM m.branicki@bristol.ac.uk FU Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research Global; [N00014-09-0674] FX The authors are grateful to T. F. Gross (IOC/UNESCO) for several valuable discussions and for making the Quoddy data available. M. B. is grateful to A. D. Kirwan (Univ.of Delaware) and S. Wiggins (Univ.of Bristol) for many useful remarks raised during the course of this work. R. M.-M. is grateful for many valuable conversations with his colleagues at the Naval Academy: K. McIlhany, G. Nakos, N. Brasher, E. Petruncio, G. Grant and G. Fowler. M. B. was supported by the N00014-09-0674 grant. This research was also partially supported by other grants from the Office of Naval Research and the Office of Naval Research Global. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 149 EP 168 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 589WM UT WOS:000277184900006 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Kim, CS Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Abell, J Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Challenges for mid-IR interband cascade lasers SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In - Plane Semiconductor Lasers IX CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Internal loss; interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; distributed-feedback laser ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; HIGH-POWER; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; NARROW-RIDGE; EMISSION AB We review the state-of-the-art performance of interband cascade lasers emitting in the 3-5 mu m spectral band and discuss the prospects for future improvements. New five-stage designs produce a combination of pulsed room-temperature threshold current densities of 400-500 A/cm(2) and internal losses as low as approximate to 6 cm(-1) for broad-area devices. A 4.4-mu m-wide ridge fabricated from one of these wafers and emitting at 3.7 mu m lased cw to 335 K, which is the highest cw operating temperature for any semiconductor laser in the 3.0-4.6 mu m spectral range. A 10-mu m-wide ridge with high-reflection and anti-reflection facet coatings produced up to 59 mW of cw power at 298 K, and displayed a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 3.4%. Corrugated-sidewall distributed-feedback lasers from similar material produce 45 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at -20 degrees C, with maximum wall-plug efficiency of 7.6%. The current tuning range for temperatures between 0 and 25 degrees C is >= 11 nm. C1 [Vurgaftman, I.; Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8012-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7616 AR 761619 DI 10.1117/12.844678 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BSG17 UT WOS:000284355200028 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bnzarov, I Bombara, M Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cai, XZ Caines, H Calderon, M Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Dash, S Daugherity, M De Silva, LC Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Lordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kuhn, C Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, N Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Millner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trattner, AL Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhu, X Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Badyal, S. K. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bnzarov, I. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon, M. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Das, S. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. De Silva, L. C. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Lordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kuhn, C. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, N. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Millner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X. -H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trattner, A. L. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Particle production; Photons; Forward rapidity; Limiting fragmentation ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITY; MATTER; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; CONDENSATE; DETECTOR AB We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region -3.7 < eta < -2.3 using the photon Multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of (lie collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for An + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 for root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 and 200 GeV, respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of eta-Y-beam, are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Singaraju, R. N.] Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata 700064, India. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Bombara, M.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Gaillard, L.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.; Trattner, A. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Calderon, M.; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Lordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Lee, C. -H.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. 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K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Hepplemann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X. -H.; Tian, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Sarsour, M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daugherity, M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elnimr, M.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Feng, A.; Li, N.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Mohanty, B (reprint author), Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata 700064, India. EM bmohanty@veccal.ernet.in RI Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; OI Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 FU Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed.; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech.; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe', CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech., and RosAtom of Russia. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 832 IS 1-2 BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.11.011 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 551PX UT WOS:000274222600009 ER PT J AU Wheeler, B AF Wheeler, Brannon TI Gift of the Body in Islam: The Prophet Muhammad's Camel Sacrifice and Distribution of Hair and Nails at his Farewell Pilgrimage SO NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS LA English DT Article DE pilgrimage; sacrifice; hair; territory; Bible; Mecca AB The following pages examine the relationship between the prophet Muhammad's sacrifice of the camels and the distribution of his hair at the conclusion of his farewell pilgrimage just before his death. A study of the accounts of the Prophet's camel sacrifice shows that it prefigures the annual rites of the Hajj using the biblical model of Abraham's sacrifice to align other pre-Islamic practices, including those associated with the cult at Mecca, with the origins of a specifically Islamic civilization. The prophet Muhammad's distribution of his hair, detached from his body at the time of his desacralization from the H.ajj delineates the Meccan sanctuary as the place of origination from which was spread both the physical and textual corpus of the Prophet's life. Whether by design or not, the traditional Islamic descriptions of this episode from the life of the prophet Muhammad are not unlike narratives found in Buddhist, Iranian, Christian and other traditions in which the body of a primal being is dismembered to create a new social order. Through the gift of the sacrificial camels and parts of his own body, the prophet Muhammad is portrayed, in this episode, as making a figurative and literal offering of himself at the origins of Islamic civilization. C1 US Naval Acad, Ctr Middle East & Islamic Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, B (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Ctr Middle East & Islamic Studies, 107 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bwheeler@usna.edu NR 291 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0029-5973 EI 1568-5276 J9 NUMEN JI Numen-Int. Rev. Hist. Relig. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 388 DI 10.1163/156852710X501342 PG 48 WC History; Religion SC History; Religion GA V34YN UT WOS:000209118600004 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, JA Roy, D Blackman, VS AF Whitcomb, John A. Roy, Deborha Blackman, Virginia Schmied TI Evidence-Based Practice in a Military Intensive Care Unit Family Visitation SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE critical care; evidence-based practice; family-centered care; visitation ID VISITING HOURS; PERCEPTIONS AB Background: The dissatisfaction of family members with a restrictive visiting policy in a combined intensive care and step-down unit provides an opportunity for staff to develop better ways to meet the needs of patients and their families. A review of the evidence-based practice (EBP) literature as the measure of significance indicated that less restrictive visitation policies enhance patient and family satisfaction and offer many physiologic and psychological benefits to the patient. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a less restrictive visitation policy could be implemented in the adult critical care department of a naval medical center. Methods: Staff was educated on the use of EBP, specifically the Iowa-based model, and a less restrictive visitation policy was developed and implemented. Results: Evaluation of the postintervention survey findings revealed higher patient and family satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings from this EBP project suggest that a more open visitation policy is feasible in adult critical care units, with an increase in overall satisfaction of patients and their families with regard to their stay in the intensive care unit. C1 [Whitcomb, John A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Nursing Res Consultat Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Blackman, Virginia Schmied] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Intens Care Unit, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Whitcomb, JA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Nursing Res Consultat Serv, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM whitcomb@med.navy.mil FU TriService Nursing Research Program [N03-P18] FX This project was funded by an award from the TriService Nursing Research Program, Grant N03-P18, by Principal Investigator, CAPT Patricia Kelley. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 208144799, is the awarding and administering office. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S32 EP S39 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600006 PM 20010276 ER PT J AU Carrier, MJ Ngodock, H AF Carrier, Matthew J. Ngodock, Hans TI Background-error correlation model based on the implicit solution of a diffusion equation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Correlation; Background-error covariance; 3D-Var; Data assimilation ID OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; PART I; COVARIANCES; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION AB An efficient implementation of background-error correlation modeling for ocean data assimilation based on the implicit solution of a diffusion equation is presented in this work. This study is an extension of Weaver and Courtier (2001), which sought to model error correlations based on the explicit solution of a generalized diffusion equation. The implicit solution is unconditionally stable, therefore larger time steps can be used in the calculation than in the explicit solution, which needs smaller time steps to maintain stability. This is especially true when modeling anisotropic correlations, or when using a non-uniform model grid (e.g. curvilinear grid spacing). Both implicit and explicit methods are tested in terms of numerical efficiency and practical implementation. To that end, a set of simulated and real data assimilation experiments are carried out using a three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) algorithm that has been developed as a test-bed for these correlation models. The results of both the implicit and explicit method are compared to show that while the implicit method provides the same correlation shape, size, and magnitude as the explicit, it does so at a much lower computational cost. For the experiments shown here the implicit solution can be up to five times as efficient in terms of CPU time than the explicit, while also providing a nearly identical analysis and forecast in terms of deviation from independent observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carrier, Matthew J.; Ngodock, Hans] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Carrier, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM mcarrier@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Program Element No. 0601153N as part of the Projects "Exploring Covariances for Ocean Variational Data Assimilation" and "Variational Data Assimilation for Ocean Prediction." This paper is the Naval Research Laboratory paper contribution number JA/7320-08-9061. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.06.003 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 645OR UT WOS:000281472700004 ER PT J AU Veeramony, J Walker, D Hsu, L AF Veeramony, Jayaram Walker, David Hsu, Larry TI A variational data assimilation system for nearshore applications of SWAN SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Wave modeling ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; SPECTRA; VALIDATION AB This paper uses the variational approach described by Walker (2006) for assimilation of data into the nearshore spectral wave model SWAN. The system uses observed two-dimensional spectra from the interior of the domain to correct the prescribed boundary conditions for the forward model. The objective function that determines the amount of correction to be applied is derived with the assumption that the differences between observations and model predictions are mainly a result of specification of incorrect spectra at the boundary. Using synthetic data, we show that the system reproduces the correct wave spectra at the boundary and converges to the solution with accuracy greater than 95% in only a few model iterations. Use of the assimilation system to estimate the wave field is demonstrated for Santa Rosa Island, FL Results show excellent agreement with independent observations of the bulk (or integrated) wave parameters such as significant wave heights, peak wave periods and mean wave directions, and good agreement with observations of the two-dimensional wave spectra. The accuracy of the system is reduced when there is relatively little energy at the assimilation location or when the nonlinear processes due to wind (such as active wave growth, nonlinear transfer of energy between frequencies and directions, and breaking) are dominant in the region of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Veeramony, Jayaram] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Walker, David] SRI Int, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Veeramony, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jay.veeramony@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [63435N] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and through the 6.2 NRL Core Project "Data assimilation and sampling strategies for nearshore model optimization and validation", Program Element 63435N. The authors thank Kacey Edwards, David Wang and Gretchen Dawson for assistance with the buoy data and the experimental setup. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.008 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 670VK UT WOS:000283455200007 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Helber, RW Wallcraft, AJ AF Kara, A. Birol Helber, Robert W. Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Evaluations of threshold and curvature mixed layer depths by various mixing schemes in the Mediterranean Sea SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Mixed layer depth; Ocean mixing model; Mediterranean Sea ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; TURBULENCE AB Predictive ability of five different embedded turbulent mixing models that range from second-order turbulent closure to bulk mixing parameterization is examined in the Mediterranean Sea. Each is embedded in the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Mixed layer depth (MLD), which is one of the most important upper ocean variables, is used to evaluate the treatment of turbulent processes in each model run. In addition to overall spatial and temporal variability, analyses of MLD are presented using an extensive set (3976) of temperature and salinity profiles from various data sources during 2003-2006. Results obtained from simulations (with no data assimilation and relaxation only to salinity) for the five mixing models are compared with observed MLDs obtained from in situ temperature and salinity profile observations. To ensure the robustness of the validation statistics MLD is computed using both curvature and threshold based methodologies. Results indicate that while all mixing schemes represent the MLD well, the bulk mixing models have substantial accuracy deficiencies relative to the higher order mixing models. The modeled MLDs are slightly deeper than observed MLDs with the mean bias error 10 m for the higher order mixing models while the bulk mixing model bias error is 15 m or more. The RMS error for the higher order mixing models is 40 m while it is 50 m for the bulk mixing models. The bulk mixing models had substantially larger errors particularly for the curvature MLD definition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kara, A. Birol; Helber, Robert W.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM robert.helber@nrlssc.navy.mil; alan.wall-craft@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX We would like to thank D. Franklin for processing the atmospheric forcing fields, P. Thoppi and J. Richman for helpful discussions, and the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element 601153N as part of the NRL 6.1 Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways Project. With sadness, the co-authors report that the lead author, Dr. A. Birol Kara, passed away on 14th September 2009 at the age of 39 after a valiant battle against cancer. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320/09/9104 and has been approved for public release. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 166 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.006 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 634JV UT WOS:000280578000008 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Metzger, EJ Hogan, PJ AF Zamudio, Luis Metzger, E. Joseph Hogan, Patrick J. TI Gulf of California response to Hurricane Juliette SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane-generated coastal upwelling ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; TURBID BLACK-SEA; WEST-COAST; CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER TURBIDITY; INTERNAL WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; MEXICO; PACIFIC; HYCOM AB The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the Gulf of California (GOC) at 1/12 degrees and 1/25 degrees horizontal grid resolution and has been nested inside a basin-scale 1/12 degrees Pacific version of HYCOM. The nested GOC models are used to study the upper-ocean GOC response to Hurricane Juliette. The model results indicate that Juliette's winds forced strong poleward coastal baroclinic currents (meridional velocity >60 cm/s) along the southwestern coast of the GOC. That reversed the well-observed mean equatorward currents along the southeastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. These Juliette-induced currents forced a transport variation of >0.2 Sv along the entrance of the GOC. In addition, Juliette's winds increased the mixed layer depth (from similar to 5 m to similar to 40 m) and induced strong upwelling (vertical velocity >30 m/day) along the southeastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. The model simulated upwelling is corroborated by model independent analysis of SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a satellite measurements. During its early stage Juliette generated a coastally trapped wave (CTW) along mainland Mexico. After its generation the CTW propagated poleward along the coasts of the mainland and GOC, where it reached the shelf break between the 28 degrees N and 29 degrees N and it reversed the direction and propagated equatorward along the western coast of the GOC. Next, the CTW propagated to the southwestern coast of the GOC, where it partially modulated the intensity of the Juliette-generated coastal upwelling. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Metzger, E. Joseph; Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM Luis.Zamudio.ctr.mx@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This is a contribution to the projects Coastal Ocean Nesting Studies, Global Remote Litoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways, Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction including Tides, and Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The numerical simulations were performed under the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program on IBM P4+ computer at the Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center. Insightful conversations with Harley Hurlburt and Alan Wallcraft (NRL) help to configure the models and nesting experiments. Jay F. Shriver (NRL) kindly provided the data for the atmospheric pressure load effect used to correct the sea level time series. Thanks are extended to Manuel Lopez, Fernando Miranda, Ignacio Gonzalez (CICESE), and Jorge Zavala (UNAM) who kindly provided bottom topography data from the northern Gulf of California and the computer codes used to calculate tides, and to plot curly vectors. The sea level data for Manzanillo and Cabo San Lucas was obtained from the publicly accessible web site (http://uhslc.soest.hawaii.edu) of the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center, and the sea level data for Mazatlan. Guaymas, and Puerto Penasco was kindly provided by the Mexican Navy. Thanks are extended to two anonymous reviewers, the Ocean Modelling editors Will Perrie and Stephen Griffies, and Benjamin Jaimes (RSMAS) for their constructive comments, suggestions, and corrections, which greatly improved the manuscript. This paper is NRL Contribution No. NRI/JA/7320/09/0107. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.11.005 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 587JG UT WOS:000276986700003 ER PT J AU Arbic, BK Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ AF Arbic, Brian K. Wallcraft, Alan J. Metzger, E. Joseph TI Concurrent simulation of the eddying general circulation and tides in a global ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Internal tides; High-resolution ocean models ID INTERNAL TIDES; SURFACE MANIFESTATION; TIDAL DISSIPATION; DEEP-OCEAN; ALTIMETRY; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPOGRAPHY; ACCURACY; BOUNDARY; WAVES AB This paper presents a five-year global simulation of HYCOM, the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model, that simultaneously resolves the eddying general circulation, barotropic tides, and baroclinic tides with 32 layers in the vertical direction and 1/12.5 degrees (equatorial) horizontal grid spacing. A parameterized topographic wave drag is inserted into the model and tuned so that the surface tidal elevations are of comparable accuracy to those in optimally tuned forward tide models used in previous studies. The model captures 93% of the open-ocean sea-surface height variance of the eight largest tidal constituents, as recorded by a standard set of 102 pelagic tide gauges spread around the World Ocean. In order to minimize the impact of the wave drag on non-tidal motions, the model utilizes a running 25-h average to approximately separate tidal and non-tidal components of the near-bottom flow. In contrast to earlier high-resolution global baroclinic tide simulations, which utilized tidal forcing only, the simulation presented here has a horizontally non-uniform stratification, supported by the wind- and buoyancy forcing. The horizontally varying stratification affects the baroclinic tides in high latitudes to first order. The magnitude of the internal tide perturbations to sea surface elevation amplitude and phase in a large box surrounding Hawaii is quite similar to that observed in satellite altimeter data, although the exact locations of peaks and troughs in the modeled perturbations differ from those in the observed perturbations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arbic, Brian K.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Arbic, Brian K.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wallcraft, Alan J.; Metzger, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Arbic, BK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM barbic@fsu.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Ocean Partnership Program; U.S. GOD-AE; HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM); Naval Research Laboratory [N000173-06-2-0003]; ONR 6.1; United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi; [NRL/JA/7320-09-9261] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Peter Killworth, the founding editor of Ocean Modelling and an influential physical oceanographer. We thank Sonya Legg and two anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. We thank Richard Ray for supplying us with the altimeter data on internal tides utilized in our Figs. 5-7 and Table 4. This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), as part of the National Ocean Partnership Program, under the project, U.S. GOD-AE: global ocean prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). BKA acknowledges support from Naval Research Laboratory contract N000173-06-2-0003, and thanks Eric Chassignet and Harley Hurlburt for initiating this contract. EJM acknowledges support from ONR 6.1 project "Dynamics of the Indonesian Throughflow and its remote impact" under program element 61153N. HYCOM simulations were performed under the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program on an IBM SP POWER5+ at the Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi and on a Cray XT4 at the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi. This is contribution NRL/JA/7320-09-9261 and has been approved for public release. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.01.007 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 586UZ UT WOS:000276940500007 ER PT J AU Casagrande, G Varnas, AW Folegot, T Stephan, Y AF Casagrande, Gaelle Varnas, Alex Warn Folegot, Thomas Stephan, Yann TI An original method for characterizing internal waves SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Review DE Internal solitary waves; Empirical orthogonal function analysis; Changing rates; Double oscillation; Scatter diagram; Thermistor chain data; Italy; Sicily; Strait of Messina ID SOLITARY WAVE; GENERATION; MESSINA; STRAIT AB This study consisted in the characterization of internal waves in the south of the Strait of Messina (Italy). The observational data consisted in thermistor string profiles from the Coastal Ocean Acoustic Changes at High frequencies (COACH06) sea trial. An empirical orthogonal function analysis is applied to the data. The first two spatial empirical modes represent over 99% of the variability, and their corresponding time-dependent expansion coefficients take higher absolute values during internal wave events. In order to check how the expansion coefficients vary during an internal wave event, their time derivative, called here changing rates, are computed. It shows that each wave of an internal wave train is characterized by a double oscillation of the changing rates. At the front of the wave, both changing rates increase in absolute value with opposite sign, and then decrease to become null at the maximum amplitude of the wave. At the rear of the wave, the changing rates describe another period, again with opposite sign. This double oscillation can be used as a detector of internal waves, but it can also give information on the width of the wave, by measuring the length of the oscillation, as this information may sometimes be hard to read straight out of the data. When plotting the changing rates one versus another, the resulting scatter diagram puts on a butterfly shape that illustrates well this behaviour. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Casagrande, Gaelle; Stephan, Yann] Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29200 Brest, France. [Varnas, Alex Warn] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Folegot, Thomas] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. RP Casagrande, G (reprint author), Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, 13 Rue Le Chatellier, F-29200 Brest, France. EM gaelle.casagrande@shom.fr; varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil; folegot@nurc.nato.int; yann.stephan@shom.fr FU Office of Naval Research [PE 62435N] FX This study was carried out thanks to the joint Research Program (JRP) COACH between NURC, SHOM and NRL. Part of this work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under PE 62435N with technical management provided by the Naval Research Laboratory. We are very thankful to Emanuel Coelho and Jim Richman for their useful comments on the EOF analysis. We thank as well the anonymous reviewer for having tried out our methodology on a set of data in a different area (and it seems to have worked out!). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.07.007 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 532SG UT WOS:000272769300001 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, A Hawkins, J Lamb, KG Piacsek, S Chin-Bing, S King, D Burgos, G AF Warn-Varnas, A. Hawkins, J. Lamb, K. G. Piacsek, S. Chin-Bing, S. King, D. Burgos, G. TI Solitary wave generation dynamics at Luzon Strait SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Nonhydrostatic model; Tides; Solitary waves; Dispersion; Near surface shear; Generation dynamics; Parameter variation ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; APERTURE RADAR IMAGES; INTERNAL WAVES; BAROCLINIC TIDES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SULU SEA; SOLITONS; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; ENERGY AB A high resolution modeling study is undertaken, with a 2.5-dimensional nonhydrostatic model, of the generation of internal waves induced by tidal motion over the ridges in Luzon Strait. The model is forced by the barotropic tidal components K1, M2, and O1. These tidal components, along with the initial density field, were extracted from data and models. As the barotropic tide moves over the Luzon Strait sills, there is a conversion of barotropic tidal energy into baroclinic tidal energy. Depressions are generated that propagate towards the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX) test site on the Chinese continental shelf. Nonlinear effects steepen the depressions, frequency and amplitude dispersion set in, and disintegration into large amplitude solitary waves occurs. The effects of varying the initial density field, tidal component magnitudes, as well as adding a steady background current to represent the occasional excursions of the Kuroshio Current into the strait, are considered. Depressions are generated at each of the two sills in Luzon Strait which radiate away, steepening and evolving into internal solitary wave trains. Baroclinic fluxes of available potential energy, kinetic energy and linear are calculated for various parameter combinations. The solitary wave trains produced in the simulations generally consist of large amplitude wave trains alternating with small amplitude wave trains. During strong tidal flow, Kelvin-Helmholtz type instabilities can develop over the taller double-humped sill. The solitary waves propagating towards the ASIAEX test site have been observed to reach amplitudes of 120-250 m, depending on the tidal strength. ASIAEX observations indicate amplitudes up to 150 m and the Windy Island Experiment (WISE) measurements contain magnitudes over 200 m. The model results yield solitary wave amplitudes of 70-300 m and half widths of 0.60-3.25 km, depending on parameter values. These are in the range of observations. Measurements by Klymak et al. (2006), in the South China Sea, exhibit amplitudes of 170 m, half widths of 3 km and phase speeds of 2.9 ms(-1). Model predictions indicate that the solitary waves making up the wave packet each experience different background currents with strong near surface shear. The energy in the leading soliton of the large amplitude wave trains ranges between 1.8 and 9.0 GJm(-1). The smaller value, produced using barotropic tidal currents based on the Oregon State University data base, is the same as the energy estimated to be in a solitary wave observed by Klymak et al. (2006). Estimates of the conversion of barotropic tidal energy into radiating internal wave energy yield conversion rates ranging between 3.6% and 8.3%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warn-Varnas, A.; Piacsek, S.; Chin-Bing, S.; King, D.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hawkins, J.] Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. [Lamb, K. G.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Burgos, G.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322,Bld 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [PE 62435 N]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under PE 62435 N, with technical management provided by the Naval Research Laboratory. Lamb was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Dr. Dong Ko for providing density profiles in Luzon Strait region. We thank Dr. Tim Duda for providing the analyzed ASIAEX data. Our thanks NR 36 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.08.002 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 532SG UT WOS:000272769300002 ER PT S AU Holland, KT Lalejini, DM Spansel, SD Holman, RA AF Holland, K. Todd Lalejini, David M. Spansel, Steven D. Holman, Robert A. BE Hou, W Arnone, RA TI Littoral environmental reconnaissance using tactical imagery from unmanned aircraft systems SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring II CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE littoral; remote sensing; bathymetry; unmanned vehicles ID CURRENT RETRIEVALS; WAVE-DISPERSION; VIDEO IMAGERY; AIRBORNE; BATHYMETRY AB The dynamic nature of littoral regions requires a reconnaissance approach that can rapidly quantify environmental conditions. Inadequate estimation of these conditions can have substantial impacts on the performance of Naval systems. Given that expeditionary warfare operations can occur over timescales on the order of hours, exploitation of video imagery from tactical vehicles such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has proved to be a reliable and adaptive solution. Tactical littoral products that can be created by exploiting UAS imagery include estimates of surf conditions, dominant wave period, wave direction, nearshore currents, and bathymetry. These vehicles can fly for durations of 1-2 hours at altitudes of less than 1000 m ( beneath typical cloud cover) to obtain imagery at pixel resolutions better than 1 m. The main advantage of using imaging sensors carried by these vehicles is that the data is available in the region of operational interest where other data collection approaches would be difficult or impossible to employ. The through-the-sensor exploitation technique we have developed operates in two phases. The first step is to align individual image frames to a common reference and then georegister the alignment into a mapped image sequence. The second phase involves signal processing of pixel intensity time series ( virtual sensors) to determine spatial relationships over time. Geophysical relationships, such as linear wave dispersion, can then be applied to these processed data to invert for environmental parameters such as bathymetry. C1 [Holland, K. Todd; Lalejini, David M.; Spansel, Steven D.; Holman, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7430, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM todd.holland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8142-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7678 AR 767806 DI 10.1117/12.852952 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS29 UT WOS:000285624000004 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Carnes, M Burrage, D Arnone, B Weidemann, A Bryant, D Grembowicz, K Mangin, SR Mahoney, K Torres, M AF Hou, Weilin (Will) Carnes, Michael Burrage, Derek Arnone, Bob Weidemann, Alan Bryant, Danielle Grembowicz, Ken Mangin, Samuel R. Mahoney, Kevin Torres, Marc BE Hou, W Arnone, RA TI Glider Optical Measurements and BUFR Format for Data QC and Storage SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring II CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Unmanned underwater vehicles are becoming an increasingly important platform in oceanographic research and operational oceanography, where continuous in situ sampling throughout the water column is essential to understanding the ocean circulation and related biological, chemical, and optical activity. The latter directly affects field operations and remote sensing capabilities from space. A unified approach is necessary for data quality control (QC), access, and storage, considering the vast amount of data collected from gliders continuously deployed across large areas and over long durations. The Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR) maintained by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is adapted to include physical and optical parameters from a variety of sensor suites onboard underwater vehicles. The provisional BUFR template and related BUFR descriptors and table entries have been developed by the U. S. Navy for ocean glider profile data and QC results. Software written in FORTRAN using the ECMWF BUFRDC library has been implemented to perform both the encoding and decoding of BUFR files from and to Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) files. This presentation also discusses data collected from sensors on gliders deployed both in deep water and shallow water environments, including issues specific to optical sensors at various depths. C1 [Hou, Weilin (Will); Carnes, Michael; Burrage, Derek; Arnone, Bob; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8142-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7678 AR 76780F DI 10.1117/12.851361 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS29 UT WOS:000285624000013 ER PT S AU Kim, AM Olsen, RC Lee, K Jablonski, D AF Kim, Angela M. Olsen, R. Chris Lee, Krista Jablonski, David BE Hou, W Arnone, RA TI Using panchromatic imagery in place of multispectral imagery for kelp detection in water SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring II CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Panchromatic imagery; remote sensing; Macrocystis pyrifera; Giant Kelp; sun glint removal AB Multispectral imagery (MSI) taken with high-spatial resolution systems provides a powerful tool for mapping kelp in water. MSI are not always available, however, and there are systems which provide only panchromatic imagery which would be useful to exploit for the purpose of mapping kelp. Kelp mapping with MSI is generally done by use of the standard Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In broadband panchromatic imagery, the kelp appears brighter than the water because of the strong response of vegetation in the NIR, and can be reliably detected by means of a simple threshold; overall brightness is generally proportional to the NDVI. Confusion is caused by other bright pixels in the image, including sun glint. This research seeks to find ways of mitigating the number of false alarms using spatial image processing techniques. Methods developed in this research can be applied to other water target detection tasks. C1 [Kim, Angela M.; Olsen, R. Chris; Lee, Krista; Jablonski, David] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8142-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7678 AR 767807 DI 10.1117/12.850352 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS29 UT WOS:000285624000005 ER PT S AU Kusterbeck, AW Charles, PT Melde, BJ Trammell, SA Adams, AA Deschamps, JR AF Kusterbeck, Anne W. Charles, Paul T. Melde, Brian J. Trammell, Scott A. Adams, Andre A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. BE Hou, W Arnone, RA TI Biosensor UUV payload for underwater detection SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring II CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Biosensor; immunoassay; unmanned underwater vehicle; explosives detection ID SEAWATER; TNT; OXYGEN; FIELD AB Increased emphasis on maritime domain awareness and port security has led to the development of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) capable of extended missions. These systems rely most frequently on well-developed side scan sonar and acoustic methods to locate potential targets. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing biosensors for underwater explosives detection that complement acoustic sensors and can be used as UUV payloads to monitor areas for port and harbor security or in detection of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) and biochemical threats. The prototype sensor has recently been demonstrated to detect explosives in seawater at trace levels when run in a continuous sampling mode. To overcome ongoing issues with sample preparation and facilitate rapid detection at trace levels in a marine environment, we have been developing new mesoporous materials for in-line preconcentration of explosives and other small molecules, engineering microfluidic components to improve the signal, and testing alternative signal transduction methods. Additional work is being done to optimize the optical components and sensor response time. Highlights of these current studies and our ongoing efforts to integrate the biosensor with existing detection technologies to reduce false positives are described. In addition, we present the results of field tests that demonstrate the prototype biosensor performance as a UUV payload. C1 [Kusterbeck, Anne W.; Charles, Paul T.; Melde, Brian J.; Trammell, Scott A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8142-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7678 AR 76780S DI 10.1117/12.850317 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS29 UT WOS:000285624000023 ER PT S AU LaComb, R LaComb, J AF LaComb, Ronald LaComb, Julie BE Hou, W Arnone, RA TI Electro-Active Material (EAM) Based Bend Sensors SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring II CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Electro-Active Material; Bend Sensors; Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC); Smart Epoxy Material; Carbon Loaded Polymer ID POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITES AB The capability to accurately estimate strain and orientation of cables in an undersea environment is important for a multitude of applications. One way to estimate the positional location of a submersed cable is to utilize a network of distributed bend sensors providing inputs to a curve fitting algorithm. In this work commercially available bend sensors are characterized for small deflections. In addition proto-type devices are presented which can potentially improve device sensitivity. Commercially available bend sensors are based upon electro-active materials and variable resistance materials. Electro-active materials (EAM) are known for their actuator functionality but certain EAMs are capable of sensing as well. New advances in materials such as Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) are proving suitable for quasi-static sensor applications. These sensors are low power, conformal and produce directionally dependent output voltages which are linearly proportional to deflection, with voltage polarity representative of the deflection direction. IPMCs are capable of being morphed for increased sensitivity. Variable resistivity sensors are based on smart epoxy polymer and carbon loaded inks. These sensors are inexpensive and conformal and unlike EAMs provide static measurements. C1 [LaComb, Ronald; LaComb, Julie] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP LaComb, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8142-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7678 AR 76780T DI 10.1117/12.848061 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS29 UT WOS:000285624000024 ER PT B AU Arnone, R Casey, B Ladner, S Ko, DS AF Arnone, Robert Casey, Brandon Ladner, Sherwin Ko, Dong-Shang BE Barale, V Gower, JFR Alberotanza, L TI Forecasting the Coastal Optical Properties Using Satellite Ocean Color SO OCEANOGRAPHY FROM SPACE: REVISITED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALGORITHM C1 [Arnone, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Casey, Brandon; Ladner, Sherwin; Ko, Dong-Shang] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Carriere, MS 39426 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil; casey@nrlssc.navy.mil; ladner@nrlssc.navy.mil; ko@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-8681-5; 978-90-481-8680-8 PY 2010 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5_19 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5 PG 14 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD5XL UT WOS:000361884500020 ER PT S AU Allard, R Campbell, T Chen, S Cook, J Jensen, T Martin, P Rogers, E Small, RJ Smith, T AF Allard, R. Campbell, T. Chen, S. Cook, J. Jensen, T. Martin, P. Rogers, E. Small, R. J. Smith, T. GP IEEE TI The Navy's Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Wave Prediction System SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB An air-ocean-wave modeling system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory to provide improved predictive capabilities to the warfighter in regions that include an oceanic component. Each of the three operational models, run in a standalone mode, have provided 48 to 96 hour forecast guidance for the past several years. Utilizing the Earth System Modeling Framework, a model coupler exchanges needed information between the model components and interpolates between the model grids. This paper will discuss the model coupling and provide a brief overview of validation studies that have been performed in the Adriatic Sea, Ligurian Sea and Kuroshio extension, with a particular emphasis on air-sea interactions. Model studies presented here focus on the upper ocean (mixed layer) heat fluxes, near surface winds, temperature, moisture, the air-sea interaction, and the marine boundary layer characteristics. Validation studies presented here show the most improvements in ocean heat fluxes, due to a more realistic sea surface temperature. The coupled system is scheduled for operational implementation at Navy production centers beginning in 2011. C1 [Allard, R.; Campbell, T.; Jensen, T.; Martin, P.; Rogers, E.; Smith, T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Chen, S.; Cook, J.] Navel Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Small, R. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Allard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program Battlespace Environments Institute FX RA thanks Suzie Carroll (QinetiQ NA) for providing tables and assisting with figures. JS thanks Joao Teixeira for providing the LASIE07 datasets. TS thanks Julie Pullen for providing much of the ACE validation data sets as well as assistance in the experimental setup. RA, ER, PM, TS and TJ were supported by NRL's 6.2 Core Program Coupled Ocean-Wave Prediction System (Program Element PE 0602435N). RA, TS, SC, and TC were supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program Battlespace Environments Institute. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100077 ER PT S AU Cable, B Tayler, W Tindal, C Varley, R Brissey, L AF Cable, Brian Tayler, William Tindal, Chris Varley, Robert Brissey, Lee GP IEEE TI The Navy's Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB The Navy views Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology as a potentially viable means to reduce dependence on fossil fuel and associated release of greenhouse emissions at Navy bases located in tropical areas, including Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia and facilities in Hawaii and Guam. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) OTEC Program is structured to advance commercialization and promote future development of OTEC technology for Navy applications. While OTEC has a relatively long history of development and demonstration testing, it is only recently that critical technologies have matured to the level needed for commercially viable OTEC facilities. These key technologies include offshore platforms, deep water anchors and moorings, heat exchangers, cold water pipe configurations and fabrication techniques. The Navy's long term objective for OTEC is the development and commercialization of OTEC technology to permit purchase of power and water from a privately developed OTEC facility at cost effective rates. Advancing OTEC technology to a commercially viable level is expected to require several significant interim steps. At present, both industry and the federal government (Department of the Navy and Department of Energy) are engaged in the development, testing and demonstration of OTEC subsystems to validate critical component designs. These projects include DOE-funded cold water pipe fabrication apparatus validation; NAVFAC supported Congressionally-funded heat exchanger development and testing; NAVFAC supported, ARRA funded OTEC Critical Component and Pilot Plant design, and Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded efforts to assess OTEC feasibility and perform seafloor surveys at potential Navy OTEC locations. An efficient and well defined path to OTEC commercialization is needed to complement and align these ongoing efforts. To that end, the Navy is developing an OTEC commercialization roadmap to visualize, support, and implement the developmental steps needed to reach the final long-term objectives. The time frame for meeting all program objectives may be years away. However, with support from the Navy, other Government agencies and industry, the time required to reach the objective of OTEC commercialization could be significantly reduced if a structured program and roadmap is used to guide government and industry toward OTEC commercialization. Therefore, the Navy's near term objective is to support technical efforts that reduce overall system developmental risks with respect to critical components and subsystems. This paper discusses the Navy OTEC program, its role in meeting Navy renewable energy objectives, and future steps needed to reach commercialization. C1 [Cable, Brian] NAVFAC Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. [Tayler, William] Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20374 USA. [Tindal, Chris] US Navy, Energy Policy Off, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Varley, Robert] Lockheed Martin Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Brissey, Lee] Sound & Sea Technol Inc, Lynnwood, WA 98087 USA. RP Cable, B (reprint author), NAVFAC Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100120 ER PT S AU Cipolla, K Keith, W Foley, A AF Cipolla, Kimberly Keith, William Foley, Alia GP IEEE TI SPIV Measurements of Axisymmetric Turbulent Boundary Layers SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID WALL-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; CYLINDER AB This paper presents a description of turbulent boundary layer velocity measurements made on an experimental towed array during testing at the David Taylor Model Basin, Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in June 2007. The experimental array had an aspect ratio L/a = 7 x 10(3) and was towed at Reynolds numbers Re. varying from 4.6 x 105 to 8.9 x 105. This range falls well outside that which has been investigated to date in laboratories or with computational fluid dynamics. Previous lake tests of this array were performed and documented in Cipolla and Keith [1]. However, details of the high Reynolds turbulent boundary layer were not obtained during these tests. The goal of the follow-on tow tank testing was to obtain measurements of the mean and turbulent flow field which are not feasible in lake or sea trial testing. A stationary stereo-particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system was used to obtain three-dimensional velocity measurements and evaluate the boundary layer flow development along full-scale fleet towed array modules. Measurements were collected at discrete transverse planes along the length at tow speeds between 6.2 and 15.4 m/s. Algorithms for image pre-processing and filtering were applied to enhance the instantaneous images and mask the array and its shadow. The data will be analyzed to extract mean velocity profiles and compared with wind tunnel measurements on cylinders [2]. Further, relevant boundary layer parameters will be used to refine the scaling of the wall pressure measurements obtained simultaneously as reported by [3]. Independent load cell measurements of the total drag on the towed model provided the momentum thickness at the end of the model and the spatially-averaged friction velocity ut. These data supplement the SPIV data near the array wall, completing the velocity profile over the entire boundary layer. The load cell also provided a highly accurate value of the mean wall shear stress which is traditionally very difficult to obtain. The velocity profiles can be compared with existing models for the mean velocity which include the velocity defect law and Clauser's log law. In particular, the velocity defect law is expected to provide the best collapse of the data in the outer region of the boundary layer, while the log law relation is expected to provide a good collapse very close to the surface of the towed array (near wall region). Trends in the data with Reynolds number will be evaluated. In addition, the boundary layer thickness and mean wall shear stress at particular streamwise locations along the array will be quantified. The growth of the turbulent boundary layer over the length of the array is an important metric with regard to estimating the maximum turbulent boundary layer thickness which exists over a fleet towed array. The underlying structure of the axisymmetric boundary layer, which leads to significant increases in wall shear stress with respect to flat plate cases, is of primary importance. These new insights will facilitate efforts toward towed array reliability and an accurate prediction of drag and flow noise for any towed array application. C1 [Cipolla, Kimberly; Keith, William; Foley, Alia] USN, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cipolla, K (reprint author), USN, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100010 ER PT S AU Costa, R Wettergren, TA AF Costa, Russell Wettergren, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI Managing the Areas of Responsibility for Collaborative Undersea Searchers SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB In recent years the role of unmanned searchers in undersea search operations has been a topic of considerable interest. In particular, the use of multiple UUVs in the search for stationary or slow moving targets has raised a number of new research questions, one of which is how to effectively plan search operations. In this paper we develop a planning approach to improve trade-offs between search coverage and false search rates for a group of unmanned searchers operating in a bounded region of interest. This important trade-off is typically handled by setting an overall constraint on searcher false alarm rate and partitioning the search region among the individual search assets. We show that this non-collaborative coverage approach can be improved upon by allowing overlap in the areas of responsibility of the searchers, driven by increased sweep widths and independent confirmation requirements on target detection. Standard computational models for acoustic detection performance for the individual searchers are utilized as a function of detection threshold to control the trade-off between searcher sweep rate and searcher false alarm rate. Parametric explorations of the resulting system performance model are used to illustrate the design dependencies in numerical examples. C1 [Costa, Russell; Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Costa, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM russell.costa@navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100104 ER PT S AU Decew, J Baldwin, K Celikkol, B Chambers, M Fredriksson, DW Irish, J Langan, R Rice, G Swift, MR Tsukrov, I AF DeCew, Judson Baldwin, Kenneth Celikkol, Barbaros Chambers, Michael Fredriksson, David W. Irish, Jim Langan, Rich Rice, Glenn Swift, M. Robinson Tsukrov, Igor GP IEEE TI Assessment of a Submerged Grid Mooring in the Gulf of Maine SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID OPEN-OCEAN AQUACULTURE; FISH CAGE; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; DESIGN; MODELS; WAVES AB The University of New Hampshire (UNH) developed and maintained an offshore aquaculture test site in the Western Gulf of Maine, south of the Isles of Shoals in approximately 50 m of water. This site was designed to have a permanent moored grid to which prototype fish cages or surface buoys could be attached for testing new designs and the viability of the structure in the exposed Gulf of Maine. In 1999, the first moorings deployed consisted of twin single bay grids each capable of each securing one fish cage. These systems were maintained until 2003. To expand the biomass capacity of the site, the single bay moorings were recovered and a new four bay submerged grid mooring was deployed within the same foot print of the previous twin systems. This unique system operated as a working platform to test various structures, including surface and submersible fish cages, feeding buoys and other supporting equipment. In addition, the expanded capability allowed aquaculture fish studies to be conducted along with engineering and new cage/feeder testing. The 4 bays of the mooring system were located 15 meters below the surface. These bays were supported by nine flotation elements. The system was secured to the seafloor on the sides with twelve catenary mooring legs, consisting of Polysteel(R) line, 27.5 m of 52 mm chain and a 1 ton embedment anchor, and in the center, with a single vertical line to a 2 ton weight. To size the mooring gear, the UNH software package Aqua-FE was employed. This program can apply waves and currents to oceanic structures, predicting system motions and mooring component tensions. The submerged grid was designed to withstand 9 meter, 8.8 second waves with a 1 m/s collinear current, when securing four fish cages. During its seven year deployment, the site regularly experienced extreme weather events, most notably a storm with a 9 m significant wave height, 10 second dominate period in April 2007. The maximum currents at the site were observed during internal solitary wave events when 0.75 m/s currents with 25 minute periods and 8 m duration were observed. The mooring was recovered in 2010 after 7 years of continuous deployment without problems. The dominate maintenance requirement of the mooring was the cleaning once a year of excessive mussel growth on the flotation elements and grid lines. No problems of anchor dragging or failure of mooring components were documented during the deployment. Upon recovery, critical mooring components were inspected and documented, focusing on items with wear or other areas of interest. The mooring proved to be a reliable, stable working platform for a variety of prototype ocean projects, highlighting the importance of a sound engineering approach taken in the design process. C1 [DeCew, Judson; Baldwin, Kenneth; Rice, Glenn] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Celikkol, Barbaros; Swift, M. Robinson; Tsukrov, Igor] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chambers, Michael; Langan, Rich] Univ New Hampshire, Atlant Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fredriksson, David W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21108 USA. [Irish, Jim] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Decew, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU NOAA [NA16RP1718] FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA grant no. NA16RP1718 to the UNH Cooperative Institute for New England Mariculture and Fisheries (CINEMAR). The authors would like to thank all those who directly or indirectly supported the research effort throughout the mooring deployment: Paul Lavoie, Ocean Engineering and Marine Biology faculty and graduate students, operational personal and all those who helped make the deployment and operation a success. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100344 ER PT S AU DelBalzo, DR Leclere, JH Klicka, J AF DelBalzo, Donald R. Leclere, James H. Klicka, Joseph GP IEEE TI Impact of Extended-Life Noise and Temperature Measurements on Littoral ASW SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB The U. S. Naval Air Systems Command is considering extended-life environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize littoral environments. Some conceptual designs contain thermistors to measure ocean temperatures and hydrophones to measure ambient noise. In this work, measured temperature profiles and predictions of ambient noise using ship densities in the Sea of Japan are used to simulate a) data collected with 3 "single-shot" fixed sonobuoys, b) data collected with 3 extended-life sonobuoys drifting over a 12-days, and c) "ground-truth" or actual conditions. Those environmental simulations are used to predict acoustic conditions; i.e., transmission loss, detection range, and detection probability at 100 Hz for an anti-submarine warfare application. The simulated environmental fields and predicted acoustic results for fixed and drifting sensors are compared to our best estimate of actual conditions. Results show that 3 drifting buoys yield significantly better representations of the actual temperatures, ambient noise, and derived acoustic fields than 3 discrete measurements. Intelligent algorithms are used to locate tactical sonobuoys in the three environments. The calculated detection probabilities from the drifting buoy environment are 20% more accurate than those from the discretely measured environment. C1 [DelBalzo, Donald R.; Leclere, James H.] QinetiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Klicka, Joseph] Naval Air Syst Command, PMA 264, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), QinetiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command FX This on-going work was sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100105 ER PT S AU Gazagnaire, J Cobb, JT Beaujean, PP AF Gazagnaire, J. Cobb, J. T. Beaujean, P. P. GP IEEE TI Environmentally-Adaptive Automated Target Recognition Algorithm Using Parametric Characterization of Seabed Textures SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB The undersea survey mission performed with a side scan sonar system can generate large volumes of data. Automating the detection and classification process using automated target recognition (ATR) is desirable to reduce post processing times and manning requirements. Traditionally ATR algorithms are trained using image exemplars representing the intended target, false targets and the expected operating environment. However, given the variability of the undersea environment, training a single ATR on all environments may degrade performance when operating in a specific environment, since operating thresholds are fixed. In this paper, we propose an ATR algorithm that changes its operating thresholds based on seabed texture parameter estimates of the sonar image statistics. A large set of sonar images with targets inserted at various ranges and orientations against various backgrounds was synthesized. The environmentally-adaptive ATR algorithm was trained on these specific environments and the optimal classification thresholds were stored in a look-up table (LUT). Upon encountering a novel test pattern, the environmental parameters of the sonar image texture are estimated and then used to index the LUT for the appropriate ATR operating threshold. Using this methodology, we show a performance increase for an adaptive ATR that encounters variable seabed environments versus an ATR algorithm with fixed operating thresholds trained with sonar images representative of a wide variety of environments.(1) C1 [Gazagnaire, J.; Cobb, J. T.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Code HS13,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Beaujean, P. P.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Gazagnaire, J (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Code HS13,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [321OE] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR Codes 321OE). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100059 ER PT S AU Incze, ML AF Incze, M. L. GP IEEE TI Demonstrated Performance of Economical, Man-Portable AUVs in Multi-Vehicle Coastal Surveys SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have the demonstrated technical capability to support environmental characterization for commercial, research, and military applications. The track record of AUVs in this mission area over the past decade has resulted in a growing confidence in the reliability and performance of AUVs, and with this confidence comes a rapid increase in the expected breadth and complexity of applications. The historical approach to developing these new capabilities has been grounded in hardware and sensor integration. This approach addresses the immediate need to meet a specific requirement, but it does not address the long term solution for coordinating operations of increasingly complex AUVs in rapid response scenarios. The chasm between technical capability and effective performance will continue to widen until dedicated work addresses a concept of operations and the ability to delegate command and control to the lowest level through increased vehicle autonomy. Critical gains in operational effect can be realized in military applications through this approach and greatly expand the role of forward-deployed tactical teams performing Rapid Environmental Assessment without dedicated special team resources. Recognized Environmental Picture 10A (REP10A) offers an opportunity to evaluate a unique CONOPS for military survey operations in shallow coastal waters. Low-cost commercial AUVs are employed for coordinated operations in shore-and ship-launched scenarios to address on-scene, evolving search and survey operations without the logistical and support requirements of special teams normally associated with this tasking. Lightweight AUVs can be launched/recovered by a single operator in a one-to-many coordinated survey that streamlines time, maximizes the synoptic nature of the measurements, and reduces mission risk. On-scene products are generated from the AUVs upon completion of the mission, and data is provided to central access points to support environmental modeling. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Faculdade de Engenharia - Universidade do Porto, Marinha Portuguesa, and OceanServer Technology, Inc. are the primary participants bringing in-water resources to REP10A. Technical support and products are provided by the Naval Research Laboratory - Stennis Space Center, Naval Oceanographic Office, NATO Undersea Research Centre, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, and YSI, Inc. Primary goals of REP10A are evaluation of CONOPS, on-scene products, and reach-back support products. A focus on lightweight AUV-based multibeam swath bathymetry, side scan sonar performance, 3-D water characterization, AUV autonomy, validation of remotely sensed bathymetry, and initialization/steering of near-shore circulation and structure models is maintained during the test. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Incze, ML (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100148 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC Goroshin, R AF Isaacs, Jason C. Goroshin, Ross GP IEEE TI Automated Cable Tracking in Sonar Imagery SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES DE Edge detection; Hough transform; line detection; phase symmetry; anisotropic diffusion ID EDGE-DETECTION; DIFFUSION AB The classical paradigm of line and curve detection in images, as prescribed by the Hough transform, breaks down in cluttered and noisy imagery. In this paper we present an "upgraded" and ultimately more robust approach to line detection in images. The classical approach to line detection in imagery is low-pass filtering, followed by edge detection, followed by the application of the Hough transform. Peaks in the Hough transform correspond to straight line segments in the image. In our approach we replace low pass filtering by anisotropic diffusion; we replace edge detection by phase analysis of frequency components; and finally, lines corresponding to peaks in the Hough transform are statistically analyzed to reveal the most prominent and likely line segments (especially if the line thickness is known a priori) in the context of sampling distributions. The technique is demonstrated on real and synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery. C1 [Isaacs, Jason C.; Goroshin, Ross] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil; rostislav.goroshin@navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100194 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC Srivastava, A AF Isaacs, Jason C. Srivastava, Anuj GP IEEE TI Geodesic Shape Distance and Integral Invariant Shape Features for Automatic Target Recognition SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB Scale, rotational, and translational invariance is important in shape classification problems for automatic target recognition. In this work, we employ integral invariant shape metrics and geodesic shape distance features for shape analysis of closed curves extracted from 2-D synthetic aperture sonar imagery. Results demonstrate that both metrics allow for good class separation over multiple target shapes whether through pair-wise comparison or with a small library of shape templates. C1 [Isaacs, Jason C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Srivastava, Anuj] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil FU Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City, FL; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported jointly by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City, FL and the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100070 ER PT S AU Lin, B Ioup, E Sample, J AF Lin, Bruce Ioup, Elias Sample, John GP IEEE TI The NRL Geospatial Hub for Ocean Sensor Processing and Collaboration SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES DE Distributed information systems; Geographic information systems GIS; common information space; web services; mapping; ocean characteristics AB The Naval Research Lab Geospatial Hub, or GHub, provides a rapidly deployable, scalable platform for geospatial product collaboration. The GHub is not only a content management system with a web-based interface, but also hosts a variety of content-driven geo-services for tightly integrated, but loosely coupled tool interaction. The GHub presents a rich SOAP API to allow third party tools to build custom integration based on need. The content-driven presentation of data in GHub makes it an ideal element for common information space architectures. The design of the GHub data store is especially suited to heterogeneous data types, such as those found in sensing of the ocean environment. By building tool-level integration with GHub, an architecture inherits peer-to-peer data sharing, disconnection robust synchronization between GHub nodes, a high-performance tile-based map server, and built-in product versioning. C1 [Lin, Bruce; Ioup, Elias; Sample, John] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100225 ER PT S AU Luznik, L Flack, KA AF Luznik, Luksa Flack, Karen A. GP IEEE TI Observations of Turbulent Flow Fields in the Chesapeake Bay Estuary for Tidal Energy Conversion SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRESS; DISSIPATION; TURBINES; CHANNEL; WAVES; SHEAR AB This paper presents preliminary results from a two-week long set of field experiments performed to characterize flow structure and turbulence in the mid-water column during tidal flows in the Chesapeake Bay estuary. At the deployment location, in the vicinity of Kent Island peak flood/ebb tidal flows range from +/- 40 cm/s in the along-channel direction and secondary flow in the cross-channel direction reaches peak of +/- 10 cm/s during the slack parts of a tidal cycle. Conditionally sampled mean velocity profiles indicate asymmetry in the flood/ebb tidal flows, which is attributed to the tidal straining. Temporal velocity spectra are presented and show modifications of the turbulence spectra due to presence of surface gravity wave field. Time history of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate shows variations on a tidal time scale with magnitudes ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-3) m(2)/s(3). Results are discussed in the context of tidal turbine design and performance. C1 [Luznik, Luksa; Flack, Karen A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Luznik, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100134 ER PT S AU Mobasseri, BG Lynch, RS Chakilam, N AF Mobasseri, Bijan G. Lynch, Robert S. Chakilam, Nagarjun GP IEEE TI Watermarking Sonar Waveforms Using Knowledge of Channel Coherence SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNELS AB Acoustic emissions found in underwater channels cover a broad spectrum of sources. Signals are often characterized by parameters such as amplitude, frequency, phase or modulation. However, once transmitted, and given that other sonars can also be simultaneously transmitting, it is generally difficult to identify the origin of a signal such as location and source of the transmission. A solution to this problem was proposed by watermarking the sonar prior to transmission [1]. Prior to transmission, a low power digital signature called a "watermark" is embedded in the sonar pulse using spread spectrum. In this work, we propose an approach whereby the watermark design and embedding is closely tied to propagation characteristics of the acoustic channel. We show that the watermark can be placed in time-frequency distribution cells of the sonar pulse in such a way as to be robust to slow/fast or flat/frequency selective fading. We show that only gross channel parameters in the form of coherence bandwidth and coherence time are needed to accomplish this task. C1 [Mobasseri, Bijan G.; Chakilam, Nagarjun] Villanova Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mobasseri, BG (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N66604- 09-M-0050]; Naval Undersea Warfare Center [N66604- 09-M-0050] FX This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, contract N66604- 09-M-0050. The authors gratefully acknowledge this support. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100151 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TC Hyman, M AF Nguyen, T. C. Hyman, M. GP IEEE TI A Hybrid Method for Computing the Bottom Pressure Field of a Planing Boat SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB A hybrid numerical method for computing the pressure field induced on the seafloor by a planing boat is presented in this paper. This method combines a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solution with a linear, potential-flow solution in the far field. A control surface enclosing the boat is introduced. This surface is large enough so that viscous effects are important inside the surface but are negligible outside it. Linear, potential-flow theory is, therefore, applicable in the outer region and is used to derive integral equations for the fluid velocity. Unlike traditional formulations where the velocity potential phi in the fluid domain is given in terms of the boundary values of phi and its normal derivative, the new equations define the fluid velocity directly in terms of the finite-depth Green function and the velocity distribution on the control surface. This difference allows the new equations to easily interface with RANS solution where only fluid velocity and not its potential are calculated. As an example, the new hybrid method is used to obtain the pressure signature of the leisure boat Carolina Skiff. C1 [Nguyen, T. C.; Hyman, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Nguyen, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100053 ER PT S AU Reed, B Elenbaas, B Smith, G McCosh, L Wahl, R Duvieilh, T Wagstaff, M AF Reed, Barbara Elenbaas, Bill Smith, Gail McCosh, Laurie Wahl, Rob Duvieilh, Terry Wagstaff, Mel GP IEEE TI NAVOCEANO Survey 2010 Vision and Reality .... How Close Are They? SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB This paper compares the vision created in 1998 of the predicted future of Naval Oceanographic Office surveys in 2010 with the actual implementations of the technology in 2010. This paper explores several technology areas (communication, autonomous vehicles, airborne oceanography, hydrography/bathymetry, physical oceanography, and acoustics) examined while envisioning the future of Navy ocean surveys in 1998 and compares the predictions to the realities of today. C1 [Reed, Barbara; Elenbaas, Bill; Smith, Gail; McCosh, Laurie; Wahl, Rob; Duvieilh, Terry; Wagstaff, Mel] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Reed, B (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100353 ER PT S AU Schoenhardt, NC Ioup, EZ McCreedy, FP AF Schoenhardt, Norman C. Ioup, Elias Z. McCreedy, Frank P. GP IEEE TI A System to Distribute Navy Coastal Ocean Model Data Using the Open Geospatial Consortium's Web Map Service Protocol SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB A method for disseminating Navy Ocean Coastal Model (NCOM) data as imagery over the Internet via the Web Map Service (WMS) protocol is presented. NCOM data are provided in multidimensional numerical data files. Distribution of NCOM data via the WMS protocol requires the data be rendered into an image. The multidimensional properties of the NCOM data allow the plotted data images to be grouped into layers based on dimensions. The NCOM WMS supports optional functionalities provided by the WMS protocol, allowing users to obtain detailed information about map images created by the NCOM WMS. By serving NCOM data via the WMS protocol, clients can access the data using common geographic information system (GIS) client software. C1 [Schoenhardt, Norman C.; Ioup, Elias Z.; McCreedy, Frank P.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schoenhardt, NC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100117 ER PT S AU Sonnenburg, C Gadre, A Horner, D Kragelund, S Marcus, A Stilwell, DJ Woolsey, CA AF Sonnenburg, C. Gadre, A. Horner, D. Kragelund, S. Marcus, A. Stilwell, D. J. Woolsey, C. A. GP IEEE TI Control-Oriented Planar Motion Modeling of Unmanned Surface Vehicles SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB This paper describes a comparison of experimentally identified dynamic models for the planar motion of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The objective is to determine a model which is rich enough to enable effective motion planning and control, simple enough to allow straight forward parameter identification, and general enough to describe a variety of hullforms and actuator configurations. Starting from a three degree-of-freedom nonlinear model obtained from physical principles, we consider four simplified variants: (1) a linear model obtained by linearizing about straight, constant-speed motion, (2) a first order steering model (for turn rate) coupled with a first order speed model, (3) a second order steering model (for turn rate and sideslip angle), coupled with a first order speed model, and (4) a nonlinear model for low speed operation. The paper provides analysis of system identification data collected from field trials of three USV platforms in Summer 2010. The platforms represent three distinct control system implementations: a servo-actuated outboard engine, a servo-actuated jet-drive thruster, and differential thrusters. C1 [Sonnenburg, C.; Gadre, A.; Marcus, A.; Stilwell, D. J.; Woolsey, C. A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Horner, D.; Kragelund, S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sonnenburg, C (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0185, N00014-10-WX20637] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Balasundar Balasubramanian and Shu Du of Virginia Tech and Tad Masek and Aurelio Monarrez of NPS. The Virginia Tech/NPS collaboration on USV perception and navigation in riverine environments is sponsored by ONR under Grant Nos. N00014-10-1-0185 (Virginia Tech) and N00014-10-WX20637 (NPS). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100277 ER PT S AU Wang, LB Tao, J Xiao, CS Yang, TC AF Wang, Longbao Tao, Jun Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Frequency-Domain Turbo Detection for LDPC-coded Single-Carrier MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID EQUALIZATION AB This paper proposes a frequency-domain detection scheme for single-carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communication using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The new scheme employs turbo equalization technology together with iterative decoding technique, leading to a double-layer turbo detection structure. In the outer-layer turbo equalization, a soft-decision frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) iteratively exchanges soft information with the soft-decision LDPC channel decoder. Within each outer-layer iteration, the LDPC decoder performs inner-layer iterative decoding with sum-product algorithm. The new scheme achieves excellent detection performance attributing to the double layers of iterative operation, which has been tested by experimental data measured in two undersea trials: WHOI09 and ACOMM09. Experimental results have demonstrated that it achieves consistently decent detection performance with different modulations, different symbol rates, and different transmission ranges. C1 [Wang, Longbao; Tao, Jun; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, LB (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0174]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0915846] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-10-1-0174 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0915846. The authors thank Mr. Lee Freitag and Mr. Keenan Ball and their team for conducting the WHOI09 experiment. L. Wang is grateful to Mr. Jian Zhang for his helpful discussion. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100165 ER PT S AU Wotawa-Bergen, AQ Chadwick, DB Richter, KE Tender, LM Reimers, CE Gong, Y AF Wotawa-Bergen, A. Q. Chadwick, D. B. Richter, K. E. Tender, L. M. Reimers, C. E. Gong, Y. GP IEEE TI Operational Testing of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells in San Diego Bay SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB In-situ testing has been conducted to evaluate the output power of sediment-based microbial fuel cell prototypes. Prototypes have been developed, by the Naval Research Lab (NRL) and Oregon State University (OSU), to power a hydrophone that is used by the Navy to track pacific green sea turtles in San Diego Bay. The NRL MFC anode consisted of a graphite anode buried in anaerobic sediment. The OSU MFC anode consisted of a carbon fiber anode inside a chamber that created a seal with the sediment. Both systems had a carbon fiber cathode floating in the water column. Each fuel cell trickle charged a rechargeable battery which provided power to the hydrophone. The MFC designed by NRL generated up to 60 mW of power and powered the hydrophone for a three month period of time. A miniature MFC was developed that evaluated the power potential of sediment and determined the optimal deployment sites for MFC systems. C1 [Wotawa-Bergen, A. Q.; Chadwick, D. B.; Richter, K. E.; Tender, L. M.; Reimers, C. E.; Gong, Y.] Oregon State Univ, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, USN, Res Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wotawa-Bergen, AQ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, USN, Res Lab, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100121 ER PT J AU Altner, DS Ergun, O Uhan, NA AF Altner, Douglas S. Ergun, Oezlem Uhan, Nelson A. TI The Maximum Flow Network Interdiction Problem: Valid inequalities, integrality gaps, and approximability SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Network flows; Integer programming; Integrality gap; Valid inequalities ID CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AB We present two classes of polynomially separable valid inequalities for the Maximum Flow Network Interdiction Problem. We prove that the integrality gap of the standard integer program is not bounded by a constant, even when strengthened by our valid inequalities. Finally, we provide an approximation-factor-preserving reduction from a simpler interdiction problem. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Altner, Douglas S.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ergun, Oezlem] Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Uhan, Nelson A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Altner, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM altner@usna.edu; oergun@isye.gatech.edu; nuhan@purdue.edu FU NSF [DMI-0238815] FX The authors thank Michael D. Stilp for his helpful comments and observations. Ozlem Ergun was partially supported by the NSF CAREER Grant DMI-0238815. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2009.09.013 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 551RV UT WOS:000274227700007 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Schmitt, HR Vrba, FJ Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Zavala, RT AF Armstrong, J. T. Hindsley, R. B. Schmitt, H. R. Vrba, F. J. Benson, J. A. Hutter, D. J. Zavala, R. T. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Detection of a geostationary satellite with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; NPOI; geostationary satellites AB We have detected a satellite via optical interferometry for the first time, using a 16 m baseline of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) to observe the geostationary communications satellite DirecTV-9S during the "glint" seasons of February-March 2008 and 2009 when the sun-satellite-NPOI geometry was favorable for causing specular reflections from geostationary satellites. We used the US Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1 m telescope to generate accurate positions for steering the NPOI. Stars are the easiest targets for optical/infrared interferometers because of their high surface brightness. Low surface brightness targets are more difficult: if they are small enough not to be resolved out by typical baselines, they are likely to be too faint to produce detectable fringes in an atmospheric coherence time. The 16 m NPOI baseline, the shortest available at the time of our observations, resolves out structures larger than similar to 1.5 m at the geostationary distance, while a typical size for the solar panel arrays is 2 m x 30 m. Our detection indicates that a small fraction of the satellite glinted, not surprising given that the solar panels are not accurately flat. Our fringe data are consistent with a two-component image consisting of a 1 to 1.3 m higher surface brightness component and a significantly larger lower surface brightness component. The brightness of the glints (2.(m)4 and less than or similar to 1.(m)5 for the two detections in March 2009) and the size scale suggest that the compact component has an albedo of 0.06 to 0.13, while the larger-scale component is much darker, if circular geometry is assumed. C1 [Armstrong, J. T.; Hindsley, R. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77343C DI 10.1117/12.858283 PN I & II PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400105 ER PT S AU Baines, EK Armstrong, JT Schmitt, HR AF Baines, Ellyn K. Armstrong, J. Thomas Schmitt, Henrique R. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Limb-darkened diameters of stars with combined infrared and optical interferometry SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; infrared interferometry; star diameters; limb-darkening effects ID STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; COEFFICIENTS; ARRAY AB We present the angular diameters, physical radii, and effective temperatures of five stars observed using both the Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) and the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). These preliminary results are part of a larger project focused on measuring the angular diameters of the 62 stars that have been observed with both instruments. We plan to achieve diameter accuracies of 0.5% or better through the combination of infrared-and visible-wavelength data from PTI and the NPOI, respectively. The difference in limb-darkening effects between the two wavelength regimes, together with other external parameters, will allow us to test the atmospheric models on which the limb-darkening corrections are based. High quality angular diameters for these stars will also lead to more accurate physical diameter measurements and effective temperature determinations. C1 [Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baines, EK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77343L DI 10.1117/12.858213 PN I & II PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400113 ER PT S AU Clark, JH Penado, FE Cornelius, F AF Clark, James H., III Penado, F. Ernesto Cornelius, Frank BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Wavefront calibration and correction of an optical train path: a compliant static deformable mirror approach SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; adaptive optics; static deformable mirror; wavefront distortion; NPOI; mirror deformations; finite element analysis AB For ground-based optical interferometry, the simple specification of high surface quality flat relay mirrors is not the end of the story for obtaining high quality fringes. The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer array transports the stellar radiation from six primary collectors through a 10-reflection vacuum relay system, resulting in six separate combinable wavefronts. The surface error of each of the 60 relay mirrors is specified to be no greater than 32 nm peak-to-valley for fabrication purposes. However, once mounted in the 10-element optical train the errors from each mirror do not necessarily cancel one another, but can add and increase the resultant wavefront distortion for that path. This leads to fringe contrast reduction, reduced ability to fringe track, and a reduction in the limiting magnitude of observable objects. Fortunately, the total wavefront distortion for each train can be measured, calibrated, and nullified by using a phase-shifting interferometer combined with a compliant static deformable mirror and control system. In this paper we describe a system that mitigates the resultant wavefront distortion. C1 [Clark, James H., III] USN, Res Lab, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Clark, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NPOI, W 10391 Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jhc@sextans.lowell.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 773429 DI 10.1117/12.856970 PN I & II PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400069 ER PT S AU Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, Thomas L. BE Slavcheva, G Roussignol, P TI Optically induced spin rotations in quantum dots SO OPTICAL GENERATION AND CONTROL OF QUANTUM COHERENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; COMPUTATION; MANIPULATION; COHERENCE; PULSES; STATES; FIELD AB The spin of an electron trapped in a quantum dot is currently of interest both because it constitutes a prototype quantum mechanical system in a controllable solid state environment and due to its relevance in quantum information processing. For such applications, a high level control of the spin is necessary, and various techniques from time dependent magnetic and electric fields to lasers are used. Here we develop the basic ideas involving the quantum dot electron spin for quantum information applications and review optical methods of its control. Particular emphasis is given on the use of hyperbolic secant optical pulses. Relevant experimental results are also briefly discussed. C1 [Economou, Sophia E.; Reinecke, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM economou@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; reinecke@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-642-12490-7 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12491-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12491-4 PG 21 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BPP94 UT WOS:000279615400005 ER PT S AU Blachowski, TJ Thom, T AF Blachowski, Thomas J. Thom, Travis BE Dickey, FM Beyer, RA TI Functional Performance of the T-6A Texan (JPATS) CFIS Laser Detonator SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARMING, SAFING, FUZING, AND FIRING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technologies for Arming, Safing, Fuzing, and Firing VI CY AUG 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (IHD NSWC) CAD Engineering Division is conducting a program to evaluate the laser and energetic components which comprise the Canopy Fracturing Initiation System (CFIS). This system is currently installed on the T-6A Texan II or JPATS (Joint Primary Aircraft Training System) aircraft. The T-6A Texan II is the first aircraft used by the military to train future pilots. The CFIS is an element of the pilot emergency escape system which weakens the canopy in the path of the ejection seat. The CFIS is comprised of three differing laser configurations (Internal, External, and Seat Motion) which generate a pulse that is distributed through a fiber optic energy transmission system. This pulse, in turn, initiates one of the system's explosive components, a detonator (specifically, the CCU-158/A Laser Initiated Detonator). This detonator transfers the signal to the remaining energetic components that, in turn, function to weaken their respective canopies. All of the CFIS laser types are flashlamp-pumped, neodymium glass lasers which are located at various positions in the aircraft cockpit area. This paper builds on the previous SPIE papers (2008 - Conference 7070 and 2009 - Conference 7434, respectively) and presents the initial functional test results for the CFIS Laser Detonator. These functional test results provide the technical support to justify the useful lifetime of this energetic component while being installed in the T-6A Texan II aircraft under operational conditions. C1 [Blachowski, Thomas J.; Thom, Travis] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Blachowski, TJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8291-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7795 AR 779505 DI 10.1117/12.861430 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTQ32 UT WOS:000287761900002 ER PT S AU Taylor, JD Hebert, CG Terray, A Hart, SJ AF Taylor, Joseph D. Hebert, Colin G. Terray, Alex Hart, Sean J. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Analytical optical chromatography measurement of complex micro-particles SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapped and Optical Micromanipulation VII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, IntraAction Corp, nPoint Inc, Hamamatsu Photonics, Elliot Scientific Ltd DE optical chromatography; laser; optical pressure; microfluidics AB A variation on the typical optical chromatography system was used to measure optical force differentials of complex micro-particles that have been assembled or fabricated using bead chemistries, bio-molecule tethers, or biological bead coatings. A number of bio-inspired particle types have been created to help elucidate the origin of optical force differentials that are known or suspected in biological systems such as bacterial cells / spores, and mammalian cells. A number of optical force measurements will be presented for a variety of micro-fabricated particles and the results and capabilities discussed. C1 [Taylor, Joseph D.; Hebert, Colin G.; Terray, Alex; Hart, Sean J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taylor, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8258-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7762 AR 77620X DI 10.1117/12.860735 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU81 UT WOS:000285837400019 ER PT S AU Terray, A Hart, SJ AF Terray, A. Hart, S. J. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Optical chromatographic sample separation of hydrodynamically focused mixtures SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapped and Optical Micromanipulation VII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, IntraAction Corp, nPoint Inc, Hamamatsu Photonics, Elliot Scientific Ltd DE optical chromatography; laser; separation; fractionation; filter; microfluidic ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; LATTICE; ARRAYS; TRAP AB Optical chromatography involves loosely focusing a laser beam into a fluid flowing opposite to the direction of laser propagation. When microscopic particles in the flow path encounter this beam they are optically trapped along the beam and are pushed upstream by the radiation pressure from the laser focal point to rest at a position where the optical and fluid drag forces on the particle balance. Because optical and fluid forces are sensitive to differences in the physical and chemical properties of a particle, fine separations are possible. A laser beam which completely fills a fluid channel has been operated as an optically tunable filter for the separation of polymeric/colloidal and biological samples. We demonstrate here how this technique coupled with an advanced microfluidic platform can be used as both a coarse and fine method to fractionate particles in an injected sample. The microfluidic network allows for a monodisperse mixed particle sample of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) to be injected, hydrodynamically focused and completely separated. To test the limit of separation, a mixed polystyrene sample containing two particles varying in size by less than 0.2% was run in the system. The analysis of the resulting separation sets the framework for continued work to perform ultra-fine separations. C1 [Terray, A.; Hart, S. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8258-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7762 AR 77622R DI 10.1117/12.860792 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU81 UT WOS:000285837400059 ER PT S AU Sandu, V Aldica, G Popa, S Cimpoiasu, E Dumitrache, F Sandu, E AF Sandu, Viorel Aldica, Gheorghe Popa, Stelian Cimpoiasu, Elena Dumitrache, Florian Sandu, Elena BE Huang, YM TI Fabrication and Electric Transport in MgB2 Doped with Nanosized Carbon-Based Core-Shell Structures SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical, Electronic and Electrical Materials CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Trans Tech Publicat, Nat Sci Fdn China DE MgB2; superconductivity; Pinning force; Irreversibility field; Carbon-encapsulated iron; Nanocomposites; Critical current ID MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We present the fabrication and electric properties of MgB2 ceramic samples doped with nanosized spheres, 4-8 nm, of graphite with a metallic core. The samples were prepared using the spark plasma sintering technique. The size of the additive is comparable to the superconducting coherence length. The short processing time limits the diffusion of the carbon while keeping the core intact. Therefore, in addition to the doping with carbon, the metallic core, which has the size smaller than the superconducting coherence length, create pinning centers which might improve the dissipationless electric transport. The results are analyzed in the framework of different pinning models. C1 [Sandu, Viorel; Aldica, Gheorghe; Popa, Stelian] Natl Inst Mat Phys Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Cimpoiasu, Elena] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dumitrache, Florian] Natl Inst Phys Laser, Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Sandu, Elena] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst, Phys & Nucl Engn, Magurele, Romania. RP Sandu, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Phys Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. EM vsandu@infim.ro; aldica@infim.ro; popas@infim.ro; cimpoias@usna.edu; florian.dumitrache@inflpr.ro; nuti@nipne.ro RI Sandu, Viorel/B-8660-2011; ALDICA, GHEORGHE/C-2165-2011 OI ALDICA, GHEORGHE/0000-0002-3131-7698 FU Romanian National Agency for Science and Research [72-185/2008, 72-151/2008] FX The work was supported by the Romanian National Agency for Science and Research under the projects 72-185/2008 and 72-151/2008. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 663-665 BP 871 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.663-665.871 PN 1,2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BVA15 UT WOS:000290881000204 ER PT S AU Lindsay, GA Chafin, AP AF Lindsay, G. A. Chafin, A. P. BE Herman, WN Flom, SR Foulger, SH TI Substituent Effects on Interior Locations of Large Dyes: Changes in First Hyperpolarizability As Predicted by DFT SO ORGANIC THIN FILMS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; ENHANCED THERMAL-STABILITY; DIPOLE-MOMENT; ELECTROOPTIC CHROMOPHORES; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; ACCEPTORS; POLYENES; PHOTOSTABILITY; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS AB Quantum chemistry computations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) on organic asymmetric chromophores (hereafter called dyes) containing 33 to 53 atoms recommend certain internal locations for placing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents to increase the first hyperpolarizability (beta). Computations were performed on mono-substituted dyes for two pi-scaffolds containing three thiophenylene groups, and for one pi-scaffold containing a trans-tetraene. Dipole moments and lambda(max) were also calculated for each dye. Trade-off scenarios for improving the optical loss are recommended. DFT results are compared to predictions from Dewar's rules. C1 [Lindsay, G. A.; Chafin, A. P.] USN, Res Dept, Chem Branch, NAVAIR,NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Chem Branch, NAVAIR,NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM geoffrey.lindsay@navy.mil NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2563-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1039 BP 35 EP 50 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BXR36 UT WOS:000296820200003 ER PT S AU Lane, PA AF Lane, Paul A. BE Herman, WN Flom, SR Foulger, SH TI Solid State Organic Solar Cells SO ORGANIC THIN FILMS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; DIODES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; POLYACETYLENE; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES; INTERLAYER; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY AB Organic semiconductors are a remarkable class of materials with various applications in opto-electronic devices. Starting with the earliest devices and their limitations, the various approaches to improve device performance will be reviewed. The operation of an organic solar cell is governed by the excitonic nature of these materials. Light absorption in an organic semiconductor generates a neutral excited state akin to a Frenkel exciton. The photocurrent in an organic solar cell is generated by a photoinduced charge transfer reaction between a donor and an acceptor molecule. A difference in the electron affinity or ionization potential or both drives the charge transfer reaction rather than the built-in electric field as in a traditional solar cell. Interfaces and morphology are therefore key to the properties of an organic solar cell. Charge separation occurs at the interface between the electron donor and acceptor the organic heterojunction-and then charge transport through the respective layers. Through optimizing materials properties and film morphology, the performance of solid-state organic solar cells has improved dramatically in the last several years, with independently verified power conversion efficiencies over 5%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2563-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1039 BP 185 EP 198 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BXR36 UT WOS:000296820200013 ER PT S AU Potter, MA Couldrey, C AF Potter, Mitchell A. Couldrey, Christine BE Schaefer, R Cotta, C Kolodziej, J Rudolph, G TI A Cooperative Coevolutionary Approach to Partitional Clustering SO PARALLEL PROBLEMS SOLVING FROM NATURE - PPSN XI, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature CY SEP 11-15, 2010 CL AGU Univ, Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard Polska, Intel Corp, Microsoft HO AGU Univ ID PIXEL CLASSIFICATION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION AB A challenge in partitional clustering is determining the number of clusters that best characterize a set of observations. In this paper, we present a novel approach for determining both an optimal number of clusters and partitioning of the data set. Our new algorithm is based on cooperative coevolution and inspired by the natural process of sympatric speciation. We have evaluated our algorithm on a number of synthetic and real data sets from pattern recognition literature and on a recently-collected set of epigenetic data consisting of DNA methylation levels. in a comparison with a state-of-the-art algorithm that uses a variable string-length GA for clustering, our algorithm demonstrated a significant performance advantage, both in terms of determining an appropriate number of clusters and in the quality of the cluster assignments as reflected by the misclassification rate. C1 [Potter, Mitchell A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Couldrey, Christine] AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Potter, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mitchell.potter@nrl.navy.mil; christine.couldrey@agresearch.co.nz FU New Zealand Royal Society Bilateral Research Activities Program; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology [C10X0303, CX10X0702] FX This work was supported by the New Zealand Royal Society Bilateral Research Activities Program and the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology (C10X0303 and CX10X0702) NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15843-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6238 BP 374 EP + PN I PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTD55 UT WOS:000286565200038 ER PT B AU Traub, WA Lawson, PR Unwin, SC Muterspaugh, MW Soummer, R Danchi, WC Hinz, P Gaudi, BS Torres, G Deming, D Lazio, J Dressler, A AF Traub, W. A. Lawson, P. R. Unwin, S. C. Muterspaugh, M. W. Soummer, R. Danchi, W. C. Hinz, P. Gaudi, B. S. Torres, G. Deming, D. Lazio, J. Dressler, A. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Exoplanets Forum 2008 SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The Exoplanets Forum 2008 meeting led to a book Exoplanet Community Report with about 180 authors from the exoplanet community. This book describes eight technique-oriented methods for detecting and characterizing exoplanets, with an emphasis on space missions. The topics are astrometry, optical imaging, infrared imaging, exozodiacal disks, microlensing, radial velocity, transits, and magnetospheric emission. Several of these techniques have counterparts in proposed space mission studies carried out under the Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies (ASMCS) program in 2008-9, and the exoplanet-related Astro2010 studies in 2009. The Forum meeting, through the vehicle of its resulting book, provides a snapshot of the science and potential missions for exoplanets during this period, and as such should provide a relevant reference for several years to come. C1 [Traub, W. A.; Lawson, P. R.; Unwin, S. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Muterspaugh, M. W.] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Soummer, R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Danchi, W. C.; Deming, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hinz, P.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gaudi, B. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Torres, G.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lazio, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dressler, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 94305 USA. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov; soummer@stsci.edu; william.c.danchi@nasa.gov RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 21 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800003 ER PT B AU Olsen, EA AF Olsen, Edward A. BE Kwak, TH Joo, SH TI The United States' Role in the Korean Peace Regime Building Process SO PEACE REGIME BUILDING ON THE KOREAN PENINSULA AND NORTHEAST ASIAN SECURITY COOPERATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Olsen, Edward A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs & Asian Studies, NPS Fac, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Olsen, Edward A.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Olsen, Edward A.] Bur Intelligence & Res INR, Washington, DC USA. [Olsen, Edward A.] Off East Asian Affairs, Seoul, South Korea. RP Olsen, EA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs & Asian Studies, NPS Fac, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 192 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0720-1; 978-1-4094-0719-5 PY 2010 BP 105 EP 134 PG 30 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BA6LS UT WOS:000337177700006 ER PT J AU Bauserman, JW Mushrush, GW Willauer, H Wynne, JH Phillips, JP Buckley, JL Williams, FW AF Bauserman, J. W. Mushrush, G. W. Willauer, H. Wynne, J. H. Phillips, J. P. Buckley, J. L. Williams, F. W. TI Removing Organic Nitrogen Compounds From Middle Distillate Fuels with a Catalyst Used as a Filtering Media SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catalysts; fuel instability; middle distillate fuels; organic nitrogen compounds; scandium oxide ID NANOMATERIAL WASTE; INSTABILITY AB Fuel storage instability reactions of middle distillate fuel continue to be of great interest to the Department of Defense. Unlike civilian fuel, military fuel typically remains in storage tanks for one or more years. As fuel is removed from these tanks, the tanks are subsequently filled with more recently purchased fuel. In many cases,the mixed fuel is not compatible, resulting in chemical sediment and sludge formation. This fuel incompatibility can result in chemical degradation reactions that form solids that will plug nozzles and filters and render the entire contents of the storage tank unusable. Previous research has shown that polar organic nitrogen functional groups are involved in fuel instability reactions. These organo-nitrogen compounds are difficult and expensive to completely remove during the refining process; hence, this investigation involved the removal of these compounds employing three heterogeneous catalyst systems and combinations of these systems as filtering media. An unstable fuel was treated separately with Sc(2)O(3), Xu/Sc(2)O(3), fullerene (F), a 1:1 ratio of Sc(2)O(3):(F), and a 1:1 ratio of Cu/Sc(2)O(3):(F). The composition of the filtrates after filtering with the different catalytic systems was analyzed by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study showed that after treating the fuel with the catalyst systems, the organic nitrogen compounds detected in the extract were 0.29% carbazoles, 18.2% indoles, and 1.0% for both pyrroles and tetrahydroquinolines, and neither pyridines nor quinolines were detected. This investigation showed that scandium oxide, which is a recycled catalyst, is capable of removing organinc nitrogen compounds from fuels. C1 [Bauserman, J. W.] Nova Res, Alexandria, VA USA. [Mushrush, G. W.; Willauer, H.; Williams, F. W.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushrush, G. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wynne, J. H.; Buckley, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phillips, J. P.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Bauserman, JW (reprint author), 23 Mesquite Pl, Palmyra, VA 22963 USA. EM jmb1950jwb@aol.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 17 BP 1761 EP 1769 DI 10.1080/10916460903261731 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 665VS UT WOS:000283064500005 ER PT J AU Daniil, M Ohodnicki, PR McHenry, ME Willard, MA AF Daniil, Maria Ohodnicki, Paul R. McHenry, Michael E. Willard, Matthew A. TI Shear band formation and fracture behavior of nanocrystalline (Co,Fe)-based alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline alloy; nanostructure; fracture; fractography; shear band ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; METALLIC GLASSES; CRYSTALLIZATION; PLASTICITY; FE73.5CU1NB3SI13.5B9; MICROSTRUCTURE; BRITTLENESS; RIBBONS AB The crystal structure, crystallization, fracture behavior and mechanical properties of (Co1-xFex)89Zr7B4 (x = 0-0.7) nanocrystalline ribbons were investigated. The crystallization peaks of the amorphous ribbons tend to shift to higher temperatures with increasing Fe content. After annealing at 475 degrees C for 3600 s, the main crystallization product is hcp-(Co,Fe) for the Co-rich composition (x = 0), bcc-(Co,Fe) for high Fe contents (x epsilon 0.3) and a mix of bcc, and fcc for intermediate compositions (0.025 x 0.15). The relative strain at fracture decreases dramatically (epsilon f 0.01) for x epsilon 0.15, whereas for lower Fe content it has a maximum (epsilon f 0.037) at x = 0.025 and 0.050 resulting in excellent resistance against fracture. The brittle ribbons (x epsilon 0.15) showed smooth fracture surface with dimples less than 230 nm in diameter, small localized or absent shear bands and large Vickers hardness (1200 kg mm-2). On the other hand, the Co-rich ribbons with greater ductility (x = 0.025, 0.05) exhibit a vein pattern filled with voids (features 2-11 mu m), extensive shear banding and lower Vickers hardness (1050 kg mm-2). C1 [Daniil, Maria; Willard, Matthew A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Daniil, Maria] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ohodnicki, Paul R.; McHenry, Michael E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Daniil, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM maria.daniil.ctr.gr@nrl.navy.mil RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 FU Office of Naval Research; USAF/AFRL Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-09-C-0024] FX This work was support in part by the Office of Naval Research. MD and MAW would like to thank Dr Todd M. Heil (Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc.) for writing the Mathematica (TM) program used for bend test data analysis, Mr Leroy Levenberry (NRL) for assistance with ribbon thickness measurements, and Prof. John Lewandowski (Case Western Reserve Univ.) for helpful conversations. MEM and PRO gratefully acknowledge helpful conversations and support from V. Keylin and J. Huth at Magnetics, A Divison of Spang and Co. This material is based in part upon work supported by USAF/AFRL Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract number FA-9550-09-C-0024. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1547 EP 1565 AR PII 921485541 DI 10.1080/14786430903405512 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 596HG UT WOS:000277675200001 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Balatsky, AV AF Mazin, I. I. Balatsky, A. V. TI Superconductivity in Ca-intercalated bilayer graphene SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon thin films; carbon-based materials; superconductivity ID C6CA AB Recent observation of proximity effect [H. B. Heersche, P. Jarillo-Herrero, J.B. Oostinga, L. M. K. Vandersypen, and A. F. Morpurgo, Nature, bf 446 (2007) p. 05555.] has ignited interest in superconductivity in graphene and its derivatives. We consider Ca-intercalated graphene bilayer and argue that it is a superconductor, and likely with a sizeable T(c). We find substantial and suggestive similarities between Ca-intercalated bilayer (C(6)CaC(6)), and CaC(6), an established superconductor with T(c) = 11.5 K. In particular, the nearly free electron band, proven to be instrumental for superconductivity in intercalated graphites, does cross the chemical potential in (C(6)CaC(6)), despite the twice smaller doping level, satisfying the so-called "Cambridge criterion". Calculated properties of zone-center phonons are very similar to those of CaC(6). This suggests that the critical temperature would probably be on the same scale as in CaC(6). C1 [Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM avb@lanl.gov FU US DoE BES; LDRD at Los Alamos FX We are grateful to I. Lukyanchuk and T. Wehling for useful discussions. This work was supported by US DoE BES and LDRD at Los Alamos. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 10 BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1080/09500839.2010.487473 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 635QE UT WOS:000280670400005 ER PT S AU Namkung, J Hoke, M Schwartz, A AF Namkung, Juock Hoke, Mike Schwartz, Andy BE Kazemi, AA Kress, BC Chan, EY TI Evanescent wave absorption measurements of corroded materials using optical fibers as remote probes SO PHOTONICS IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY: AUTO TO AEROSPACE III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics in the Transportation Industry - Auto to Aerospace III CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Optical fiber; Optical fiber sensing; Corrosion sensing; Remote sensing; Evanescent wave; Health monitoring; Non destructive evaluation AB This research effort is intended to demonstrate an in-situ optical fiber corrosion sensor that operates in conjunction with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) interferometer as an evanescent wave absorption spectroscopic technique. This technique will allow periodic remote sensing for onboard structural health monitoring of areas of normally inaccessible structural components. The potential advantages of optical fiber sensors result from the fact that the sensing element, the optical fiber, can be embedded in junctions in aircraft structures, in locations where humidity and corrosion can accumulate, but are such that they can not be directly observed. A fiber-optic-FTIR experimental setup, including several samples of field corrosion material has been assembled in the laboratory to spectrally detect Aluminum Hydroxide [Al(OH)(3)] which is one component of corrosion of aluminum. Absorption spectra of Al(OH) 3, have been collected using an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) crystal as a reference spectral signature. The spectra of samples from a simulated corrosion process have been collected and compared with Al(OH)(3) spectra. The laboratory experimental setup has included samples from the controlled corrosion conditions. C1 [Namkung, Juock; Schwartz, Andy] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Namkung, J (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8139-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7675 AR 767502 DI 10.1117/12.864471 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Physics, Applied; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Transportation GA BSS28 UT WOS:000285623900002 ER PT S AU Fahed, C Qadri, SB Kim, H Pique, A Miller, M Mahadik, NA Rao, MV Osofsky, M AF Fahed, C. Qadri, S. B. Kim, H. Pique, A. Miller, M. Mahadik, N. A. Rao, M. V. Osofsky, M. BE Fortunato, E TI Transport, magnetic and structural properties of bulk In2-xFexO3 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 7, NO 9 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium F on Advances in Transparent Electronics-From Materials to Devices CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc (E-MRS) DE In2-xFexO3; structure; magnetic properties; transport properties ID CONDUCTING OXIDE-FILMS; TRANSPARENT; SEMICONDUCTORS; IN2O3-SC2O3 AB Bulk samples of In2-xFexO3 were synthesized for x <= 0.40 in a body-centered cubic phase. Their structural, transport and magnetic properties were investigated as a function of composition. The lattice parameters of the solid solutions decrease with increasing Fe-content. The electrical data showed reduced conductivities for higher Fe compositions. The magnetic measurements showed paramagnetic behavior for x values of 0.1 and 0.2, and a small degree of ferromagnetism for x = 0.4. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Fahed, C.; Rao, M. V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Qadri, S. B.; Kim, H.; Pique, A.; Miller, M.; Mahadik, N. A.; Osofsky, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fahed, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2010 VL 7 IS 9 DI 10.1002/pssc.200983703 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG65 UT WOS:000301544200006 ER PT S AU Roeper, DF Pandya, KI Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE AF Roeper, D. F. Pandya, K. I. Cheek, G. T. O'Grady, W. E. BE Minteer, S TI An XAFS Study of Tantalum Chloride in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride SO PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY (GENERAL) - 217TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry General Session held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED) ID PHASE; EXAFS AB Tantalum chloride was studied with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) in acidic and basic aluminum chloride/1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ILs). Anhydrous Ta2Cl10 is more soluble in the basic solution than in the acidic solution and the X-ray absorption data show that the coordination shell of chlorides around the tantalum is larger in the basic solution. In the acidic solution, tantalum has five chlorides in its coordination shell, while in the basic solution, the tantalum is coordinated by seven chlorides. This indicates that the Lewis acidity of the tantalum chloride causes the Ta to coordinate differently in the acidic and the basic solutions. C1 [Roeper, D. F.; O'Grady, W. E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab Upton, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cheek, G. T.] US Naval Acad Annapolis, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, the American Society for Engineering Education; U. S Department of Energy; U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE- AC02- 98CH10886] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research, the American Society for Engineering Education and the U. S Department of Energy. This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE- AC02- 98CH10886. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-844-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 18 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1149/1.3491279 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BDK12 UT WOS:000313574500007 ER PT J AU Di Noto, V Lavina, S Wintersgill, MC Fontanella, JJ AF Di Noto, Vito Lavina, Sandra Wintersgill, Mary C. Fontanella, John J. TI A formalism relating the conductivity of functionalized nanoparticles to constituent ligand molecules and application to water-containing silica SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; PROTON CONDUCTION; MEMBRANES; GLASSES; LITHIUM; IONS AB A formalism is presented that relates adsorption-desorption phenomena to the charge transfer events that take place on the surface of functionalized nanoparticles. The equations are applied to experimental results for the scaled electrical conductivity of a hydrophilic fumed silica with a nanoparticle diameter of 7 nm. Insight into the distribution of water on the surface of the nanoparticles is obtained. C1 [Di Noto, Vito; Lavina, Sandra; Wintersgill, Mary C.; Fontanella, John J.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Wintersgill, Mary C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM vito.dinoto@unipd.it; jjf@usna.edi OI DI NOTO, VITO/0000-0002-8030-6979 FU Office of Naval Research FX Two of the authors (M.C.W. and J.J.F.) acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Matteo Piga for taking some of the data reported in this work. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 23 BP 5993 EP 5997 DI 10.1039/b924811k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 605RL UT WOS:000278364600007 PM 20396820 ER PT J AU Carter, SG Badescu, SC Bracker, AS AF Carter, S. G. Badescu, S. C. Bracker, A. S. TI Electron spin polarization and detection in InAs quantum dots through p-shell trions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON AB We perform two-color time-resolved spectroscopy of spin dynamics in an ensemble of InAs quantum dots, demonstrating that an electron spin polarization in negatively charged quantum dots can be efficiently generated or detected with pulses tuned to p-shell trions. Due to the polarization selection rules and exchange splitting of the electron spin triplet and singlet trion states, the absorption probability of circularly polarized light depends strongly on the spin state of the resident electron in the quantum dot. This leads to spin selective excitation of electrons to the p-shell trion states, generating a spin polarization in the ensemble of unexcited resident electrons. Manipulating spin states through the excited trion states allows for separation of the excitation wavelength from the emission wavelength for control of the spatial extent of the excited-state wave function. C1 [Carter, S. G.; Badescu, S. C.; Bracker, A. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX We thank T. L. Reinecke and Sophia E. Economou for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.045305 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548XG UT WOS:000274002500067 ER PT J AU Doty, MF Climente, JI Greilich, A Yakes, M Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Doty, M. F. Climente, J. I. Greilich, A. Yakes, M. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. TI Hole-spin mixing in InAs quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRON; WELLS AB The spin state of holes confined in single InAs quantum dots have recently emerged as a promising system for the storage or manipulation of quantum information. These holes are often assumed to have no mixing between orthogonal heavy-hole-spin projections (in the absence of a transverse magnetic field). The same assumption has been applied to InAs quantum dot molecules formed by two stacked InAs quantum dots that are coupled by coherent tunneling of the hole between the two dots. We present experimental evidence of the existence of a hole-spin-mixing term obtained with magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy on such InAs quantum dot molecules. We use a Luttinger spinor model to explain the physical origin of this hole-spin-mixing term: misalignment of the dots along the stacking direction breaks the angular symmetry and allows mixing of the heavy-hole components through the light-hole component of the spinor. We discuss how this spin-mixing mechanism may offer new spin manipulation opportunities that are unique to holes. C1 [Doty, M. F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Doty, M. F.; Greilich, A.; Yakes, M.; Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Climente, J. I.] Univ Jaume 1, Depto Quim Fis & Analit, Castellon de La Plana 12080, Spain. RP Doty, MF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM doty@udel.edu RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; Climente, Juan/K-1699-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Climente, Juan/0000-0001-6984-6424 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 035308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.035308 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548XE UT WOS:000274002300064 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, D Johnson, DD AF Finkenstadt, Daniel Johnson, D. D. TI Interphase energies of hcp precipitates in fcc metals: A density-functional theory study in Al-Ag SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE BASIS-SET; GROWTH-KINETICS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALLOY; TRANSITION; MATRIX; PLATES; GAS AB Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of interphase boundary energies relevant to hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) gamma-precipitate formation were performed within approximate unit cells that mirror the experimental conditions in face-centered-cubic (fcc) Al-Ag solid solutions. In Al-rich, fcc Al-Ag, gamma precipitates are observed to form rapidly with large (300+) aspect ratios even though the Al stacking-fault energy is high (approximately 130 mJ/m(2)), which should suppress hcp ribbon formation according to standard arguments. Our DFT results show why high-aspect ratio plates occur and why previous estimates based on Wulff construction were orders of magnitude less than observed values. Using DFT, we obtain a Gibbs free-energy diagram that gives the relevant hcp equilibrium precipitate structure occurring at 50 at. % Ag. We derive the critical nucleation parameters for gamma-precipitate formation, which require our calculated bulk-driving force for nucleation and interphase boundary energies. From our DFT-based nonequilibrium estimate for precipitation that accounts for growth via coarsening by ledge and edge migrations, we obtain time-dependent aspect ratio that agrees well with experiment. The same energetics and growth model are relevant to other phenomena, such as lath morphology in martensites or island coarsening. C1 [Finkenstadt, Daniel] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Finkenstadt, Daniel] USN Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson, D. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnson, D. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Finkenstadt, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM finkenst@usna.edu; duanej@illinois.edu OI Johnson, Duane/0000-0003-0794-7283 FU Office of Naval Research and Department of Energy [DEFG02-03ER46026, DEFG02-91ER45439] FX Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research and Department of Energy Grants No. DEFG02-03ER46026 and No. DEFG02-91ER45439 at the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory. We acknowledge computing support by DOE and an INTEL computer grant. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 014113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.014113 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548WZ UT WOS:000274001800092 ER PT J AU Martin, TP Szorkovszky, A Micolich, AP Hamilton, AR Marlow, CA Taylor, RP Linke, H Xu, HQ AF Martin, T. P. Szorkovszky, A. Micolich, A. P. Hamilton, A. R. Marlow, C. A. Taylor, R. P. Linke, H. Xu, H. Q. TI Field-orientation dependence of the Zeeman spin splitting in (In,Ga)As quantum point contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; BALLISTIC TRANSPORT AB We study the Zeeman spin splitting in a quantum point contact (QPC) etched into an InGaAs/InP heterostructure for three orthogonal magnetic field orientations with respect to the QPC. For the two in-plane orientations we observe an isotropic Zeeman spin splitting, which becomes stronger as the system is made more one dimensional. The Lande g factor is enhanced by up to a factor of two compared to two-dimensional electron systems in InGaAs/InP. A much larger Zeeman splitting is observed when the field is oriented perpendicular to the heterostructure, resulting in a g factor of 15.7 in the one-dimensional limit. C1 [Martin, T. P.; Szorkovszky, A.; Micolich, A. P.; Hamilton, A. R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Marlow, C. A.; Taylor, R. P.; Linke, H.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Linke, H.; Xu, H. Q.] Lund Univ, Div Solid State Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Martin, TP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alex.hamilton@unsw.edu.au RI Hamilton, Alex/A-5639-2011; Linke, Heiner/A-5825-2010; Marlow, Colleen/A-2532-2012; Micolich, Adam/G-5565-2010; Xu, Hongqi/B-2154-2013; Martin, Theodore/H-1287-2016; Xu, Hongqi/D-4248-2017 OI Hamilton, Alex/0000-0001-7484-3738; Linke, Heiner/0000-0003-4451-4006; Micolich, Adam/0000-0003-2855-3582; Xu, Hongqi/0000-0001-6434-2569; Xu, Hongqi/0000-0001-6434-2569 FU Australian Research Council; National Science Foundation; Research Corporation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Research Council FX We acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Projects Scheme, the National Science Foundation, the Research Corporation, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and the Swedish Research Council. A.R.H. acknowledges an ARC APF grant. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.041303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548XG UT WOS:000274002500009 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, I. I. TI Sr2VO3FeAs as compared to other iron-based superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB One of the most popular scenarios for the superconductivity in Fe-based superconductors (FeBSCs) posits that the bosons responsible for electronic pairing are spin fluctuations with a wave vector spanning the hole Fermi surfaces (FSs) near Gamma and the electron FSs near M points. So far, all FeBSCs, for which neutron data are available, do demonstrate such excitations, and the band-structure calculations so far were finding quasinested FSs in all FeBSC, providing for a peak in the spin susceptibility at the desired wave vectors. However, one of the new additions to the family Sr2VO3FeAs has been calculated to have a very complex FS with no visible quasinesting features. It was argued therefore that this material does not fall under the existing paradigm and calls for revisiting our current ideas about what is the likely cause of superconductivity in FeBSC. In this Rapid Communication, I show that the visible complexity of the FS is entirely due to the V-derived electronic states. Assuming that superconductivity in Sr2VO3FeAs, as in the other FeBSC, originates in the FeAs layers, and the superconducting electrons are sensitive to the susceptibility of the FeAs electronic subsystem, I recalculate the bare susceptibility, weighting the electronic states with their Fe character, and obtain a susceptibility that fully supports the existing quasinesting model. Besides, I find that the mean-field magnetic ground state is the checkerboard in the V sublattice and stripes in the Fe sublattice. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX I thank W. E. Pickett and D. Parker for stimulating discussions related to this work. I also acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 020507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.020507 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548XC UT WOS:000274002100024 ER PT J AU Stiufiuc, R Perdigao, LMA Grandidier, B Deresmes, D Allan, G Delerue, C Stievenard, D Beton, PH Erwin, SC Sassi, M Oison, V Debierre, JM AF Stiufiuc, R. Perdigao, L. M. A. Grandidier, B. Deresmes, D. Allan, G. Delerue, C. Stievenard, D. Beton, P. H. Erwin, S. C. Sassi, M. Oison, V. Debierre, J. -M. TI Above-barrier surface electron resonances induced by a molecular network SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES; CONFINEMENT; SI(111)ROOT-3X-ROOT-3-AG; AG(111); FILM AB We report the modification of the density of states of the Ag/Si(111)-root 3 X root 3R30 degrees surface by a self-assembled molecular network at energies much higher than the height of the potential barriers induced by the molecules. Map of the differential conductance obtained by scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals an increase in the electron density in the pores of the network. This enhanced electronic resonance is explained by theoretical calculations where the periodic potential introduced by the molecular network causes band replica with an alteration of the surface band structure. C1 [Stiufiuc, R.; Grandidier, B.; Deresmes, D.; Allan, G.; Delerue, C.; Stievenard, D.] CNRS, Dept ISEN, IEMN, UMR 8520, F-59046 Lille, France. [Stiufiuc, R.] Univ Med & Pharm Iuliu Hatieganu, Phys Biophys Dept, Fac Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Perdigao, L. M. A.; Beton, P. H.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Erwin, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sassi, M.; Oison, V.; Debierre, J. -M.] Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, CNRS, UMR 6242, Inst Mat Nanosci Provence, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. RP Stiufiuc, R (reprint author), CNRS, Dept ISEN, IEMN, UMR 8520, 41 Bd Vauban, F-59046 Lille, France. EM bruno.grandidier@isen.iemn.univ-lille1.fr RI Sassi, Michel/A-6080-2011; Allan, Guy/B-5420-2011; Delerue, Christophe/E-9949-2012; Oison, Vincent/F-4495-2011; Beton, Peter/M-5303-2014; Debierre, Jean-Marc/G-7723-2012; Perdigao, Luis/B-9561-2008; OI Sassi, Michel/0000-0003-2582-3735; Delerue, Christophe/0000-0002-0427-3001; Beton, Peter/0000-0002-2120-8033; Stiufiuc, Rares/0000-0001-6769-1545 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.045421 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548XG UT WOS:000274002500103 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, David D. Walker, David N. Amatucci, William E. TI Whistler wave propagation in the antenna near and far fields in the Naval Research Laboratory Space Physics Simulation Chamber SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE antennas in plasma; cyclotron resonance; plasma sources; plasma waves ID IMPEDANCE; PLASMAS AB In previous papers, early whistler propagation measurements were presented [W. E. Amatucci , IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33, 637 (2005)] as well as antenna impedance measurements [D. D. Blackwell , Phys. Plasmas 14, 092106 (2007)] performed in the Naval Research Laboratory Space Physics Simulation Chamber (SPSC). Since that time there have been major upgrades in the experimental capabilities of the laboratory in the form of improvement of both the plasma source and antennas. This has allowed access to plasma parameter space that was previously unattainable, and has resulted in measurements that provide a significantly clearer picture of whistler propagation in the laboratory environment. This paper presents some of the first whistler experimental results from the upgraded SPSC. Whereas previously measurements were limited to measuring the cyclotron resonance cutoff and elliptical polarization indicative of the whistler mode, now it is possible to experimentally plot the dispersion relation itself. The waves are driven and detected using balanced dipole and loop antennas connected to a network analyzer, which measures the amplitude and phase of the wave in two dimensions (r and z). In addition the frequency of the signals is also swept over a range of several hundreds of megahertz, providing a comprehensive picture of the near and far field antenna radiation patterns over a variety of plasma conditions. The magnetic field is varied from a few gauss to 200 G, with the density variable over at least 3 decades from 10(7) to 10(10) cm(-3). The waves are shown to lie on the dispersion surface for whistler waves, with observation of resonance cones in agreement with theoretical predictions. The waves are also observed to propagate without loss of amplitude at higher power, a result in agreement with previous experiments and the notion of ducted whistlers. C1 [Blackwell, David D.; Walker, David N.; Amatucci, William E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Walker, David N.] Global Strategies Grp Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 AR 012901 DI 10.1063/1.3274453 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551BF UT WOS:000274179600034 ER PT J AU Carter, WE Carter, MS AF Carter, William E. Carter, Merri Sue TI Newcomb looked to astronomy's future SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Carter, William E.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Carter, Merri Sue] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Carter, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bcarter@ce.ufl.edu; msc@nofs.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 543BW UT WOS:000273545900004 ER PT J AU Demorest, P Lazio, J Lommen, A AF Demorest, Paul Lazio, Joseph Lommen, Andrea TI Gravitational-wave detection via radio-pulsar timing SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lazio, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lommen, Andrea] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 543BW UT WOS:000273545900017 ER PT S AU Wood, BE Izmodenov, VV AF Wood, Brian E. Izmodenov, Vladislav V. BE LeRoux, JA Florinski, V Zank, GP Coates, AJ TI Lyman-alpha Absorption from Heliotail ENAs SO PICKUP IONS THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Maui, HI SP Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE HST; IBEX; Lyman-alpha ID INTERSTELLAR-BOUNDARY-EXPLORER; HELIOSPHERIC INTERFACE; SOLAR-WIND; RIBBON; IBEX; HELIOSHEATH; HELIOPAUSE; MECHANISM; HYDROGEN; MODEL AB The energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) that the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) is currently studying are messengers from the termination shock and beyond. Ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) provide another way to study these ENAs, which are capable of producing detectable absorption signatures in HST Lyman-alpha spectra of nearby stars. This broad, shallow absorption is only observed within 20 degrees of the downwind direction. Only the lengthy downwind lines of sight through the long heliotail build up enough column density of ENAs to yield detectable absorption. The absorption therefore represents the first real observational detection of the heliotail. We try to connect ENA fluxes observed by IBEX with the Lyman-alpha absorption observed by HST. In the downwind direction, IBEX observes ENA fluxes that increase towards lower energies, at least to 0.2 keV, but consistency with the HST measurements seems to require that the ENA fluxes at least flatten if not decrease below 0.2 keV. The "ribbon" of ENAs detected by IBEX is not detected in Lyman-alpha absorption, which may be a problem for any explanation of the ribbon that proposes a source beyond our heliosphere. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Aeromech & Gas Dynam, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.] RAS, Space Res Inst, IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.] RAS, Inst Problems Mech, Moscow 119526, Russia. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012 OI Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982 FU NASA [NNH09AM47I] FX The first author acknowledges support from NASA award NNH09AM47I to the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0857-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1302 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG72 UT WOS:000286910100003 ER PT S AU Rachford, FJ Carroll, TL AF Rachford, F. J. Carroll, T. L. GP Electromagnet Acad TI A Chaos Based Waveform Approach to Radar Target Identification SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zeijiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID DISCRIMINATION AB We present a low resolution method for radar target identification. The method employs optimized waveforms in cross correlation with the return from a low frequency chirp to distinguish between similar candidate targets. Target signature waveforms were generated every degree in azimuth for generic wing-body-tail targets using FDTD simulation. The targets were four to five meters in length with approximately two meter wing spans. The transmitted linear chirp had a 20% band width and 250 MHz center frequency. We generated candidate waveforms using a simple chaotic map to cross correlate with the target returns. The waveforms were generated by passing chaotic time series through a bandpass filter. Alternately the waveforms were constructed by concatenating constant amplitude sinusoids whose periods were specified by the amplitudes of the chaotic time series. In both cases waveforms were constructed with the same bandwidth and center frequency as the transmitted chirp. A large number of test waveforms were generated by random variation of the generating chaotic map parameters. These test waveforms were cross correlated with the return waveforms from two similar targets. Waveforms that maximized (minimized) the cross correlation amplitude ratio difference between targets were retained and fine tuned with simplex optimization. Optimization was conducted over target azimuthal windows up to 10 degrees in width. Best maximizing and minimizing test waveforms were retained for each data window. Using this method pairwise discrimination between candidate targets could be achieved over most aspects where the signature of the respective targets are not varying too rapidly with angle. C1 [Rachford, F. J.; Carroll, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rachford, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800151 ER PT S AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. GP Electromagnet Acad TI Using Chaos to Detect IIR and FIR Filters SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zeijiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID SYSTEMS AB In many signal processing applications, IIR and FIR filters may be used interchangeably, as in the long delay limit, an FIR. filter looks like an IIR. filter. It is known in nonlinear dynamics that a properly tuned IIR filter can change the dimension of a chaotic signal. This occurs because the feedback in an IIR filter makes it a dynamical system, so it may be characterized in terms of dynamical quantities such as Lyapunov exponents. An FIR filter, on the other hand, is not a dynamical system, and should not change the dimension of a chaotic signal. In practice, however, an FIR filter with a long tail mixes parts of the chaotic signal that are uncorrelated in time, so that a finite length chaotic signal filtered with an FIR filter will appear to have a larger dimension. I will show in this paper that it is possible to use a recently developed dimension estimation method to distinguish an IIR filtered chaotic signal from an unfiltered signal, or a signal filtered by an FIR filter. I can also distinguish different IIR filters from each other. I can even detect the presence of an IIR filter when I use a chaotic signal whose bandwidth is much smaller than the filter bandwidth. Possible applications of this filter ID method could be in identifying radar or sonar targets based on resonant structures, or remotely identifying chemical compounds based on their resonance properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 723 EP 727 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800152 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Rendell, RW Prokes, SM Long, JP Bezares, FJ AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Rendell, Ronald W. Prokes, Sharka M. Long, James P. Bezares, Francisco J. BE Stockman, MI TI Plasmo-photonic Nanowire Arrays for Large-Area Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties VIII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; e-beam lithography; Reactive ion etching; plasmonics; nanoparticles; plasmonic arrays; grating ID NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SILVER AB Despite surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) being first observed in the late 1970's, efforts to provide reproducible SERS-based chemical sensors have been hindered by the inability to make large-area devices with a uniform SERS response. Furthermore, variations in the observed spectra occur due to the variable interactions and orientations of the analyte with the textured SERS surfaces. Here we report on periodic arrays of Ag- and Au-coated vertical silicon nanopillars fabricated by e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching for use as SERS sensor templates that provide both large and uniform enhancement factors (up to 1x10(8)) over the structure surface area. We discuss the impact of the overall geometry of the structures, by varying both the diameter and the edge-to-edge spacing in an effort to optimize the SERS response for a given excitation laser wavelength. Calculations of the electromagnetic field distributions within such structures were also performed and support the behavior observed experimentally. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Prokes, Sharka M.; Long, James P.; Bezares, Francisco J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-253-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7757 AR 775723 DI 10.1117/12.860504 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU51 UT WOS:000285828300027 ER PT S AU Glembocki, OJ Gowda, M Geng, S Prokes, SM Garces, NY Cushen, J Caldwell, JD AF Glembocki, O. J. Gowda, M. Geng, S. Prokes, S. M. Garces, N. Y. Cushen, J. Caldwell, J. D. BE Stockman, MI TI Cysteamine Coated Ag and Au nanorods for Improved Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering from dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties VIII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Surface enhanced Raman scattering; cysteamine coating; Au nanorods; Ag coated Ga2O3 nanowires; explosive sensing; trinitrotoluene; dinitrotoluene ID SILVER ELECTRODE; NANOWIRES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA AB Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from trinitrotoluene and other nitro-based explosives is important for the development of a reliable detection scheme exhibiting low false-positive rates. However, the interaction of these compounds with Ag and Au causes the molecules to orient in ways such that the primary vibrations of the nitro groups, the main identifying Raman marker of these compounds, are inhibited in addition to causing a reduction in the SERS response. It has recently been shown that cysteamine, which contains amine functional end groups, will electrostatically attract the nitro groups of TNT. Therefore, as the thiol functional group of cysteamine chemically bonds this molecule to the plasmonically-active Au and Ag nanoparticles studied, SERS of TNT can be obtained following the nitro-amine functional group complex formation. It is observed that the cysteamine adsorbs in one of two configurations on the metal surface, with the trans configuration consisting of bonding at the S end of the molecule and the cysteamine is perpendicular to the metal surface, while in the Gauche configuration S bonding occurs, but the molecule bends over towards the metal film surface, approaching the parallel configuration allowing the amine groups interact with the surface. We find that the trans configuration is best for the detection of SERS from TNT. Experiments compare well with DFT calculations of the cysteamine and TNT complex and their adsorption on Ag. C1 [Glembocki, O. J.; Gowda, M.; Prokes, S. M.; Garces, N. Y.; Caldwell, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-253-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7757 AR 77570I DI 10.1117/12.860314 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU51 UT WOS:000285828300002 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD LeardMann, CA Boyko, EJ Pearse, LA Smith, B Amoroso, PJ Smith, TC AF Hooper, Tomoko I. Gackstetter, Gary D. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Boyko, Edward J. Pearse, Lisa A. Smith, Besa Amoroso, Paul J. Smith, Tyler C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Early mortality experience in a large military cohort and a comparison of mortality data sources SO POPULATION HEALTH METRICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-DEATH-INDEX; OF-VETERANS-AFFAIRS; VITAL STATUS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; ASCERTAINMENT; DATABASES; HEALTH; VACCINATION; POPULATION; VALIDATION AB Background: Complete and accurate ascertainment of mortality is critically important in any longitudinal study. Tracking of mortality is particularly essential among US military members because of unique occupational exposures (e. g., worldwide deployments as well as combat experiences). Our study objectives were to describe the early mortality experience of Panel 1 of the Millennium Cohort, consisting of participants in a 21-year prospective study of US military service members, and to assess data sources used to ascertain mortality. Methods: A population-based random sample (n = 256,400) of all US military service members on service rosters as of October 1, 2000, was selected for study recruitment. Among this original sample, 214,388 had valid mailing addresses, were not in the pilot study, and comprised the group referred to in this study as the invited sample. Panel 1 participants were enrolled from 2001 to 2003, represented all armed service branches, and included active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard members. Crude death rates, as well as age-and sex-adjusted overall and age-adjusted, category-specific death rates were calculated and compared for participants (n = 77,047) and non-participants (n = 137,341) based on data from the Social Security Administration Death Master File, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) files, and the Department of Defense Medical Mortality Registry, 2001-2006. Numbers of deaths identified by these three data sources, as well as the National Death Index, were compared for 2001-2004. Results: There were 341 deaths among the participants for a crude death rate of 80.7 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.2,89.3) compared to 820 deaths and a crude death rate of 113.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 105.4, 120.9) for non-participants. Age-adjusted, category-specific death rates highlighted consistently higher rates among study non-participants. Although there were advantages and disadvantages for each data source, the VA mortality files identified the largest number of deaths (97%). Conclusions: The difference in crude and adjusted death rates between Panel 1 participants and non-participants may reflect healthier segments of the military having the opportunity and choosing to participate. In our study population, mortality information was best captured using multiple data sources. C1 [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Pearse, Lisa A.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Mortal Surveillance Div, Rockville, MD USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-7954 J9 POPUL HEALTH METR JI Popul. Health Metr. PY 2010 VL 8 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1478-7954-8-15 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V21QF UT WOS:000208221400015 PM 20492737 ER PT S AU Mahapatra, R Imam, MA Lei, CS Feng, CR AF Mahapatra, R. Imam, M. A. Lei, C. S. Feng, C. R. BE Nie, JF Morton, A TI Cobalt-Based Alloys for High Temperature Applications SO PRICM 7, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Japan Inst Metals, Korean Inst Metals & Mat, Mat Australia, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Oxidation behavior; thermal stability; energy dispersive spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy; scanning electron microscopy ID SUPERALLOYS AB The isothermal oxidation behavior and thermal stability of a cobalt base alloy was investigated up to a period of 312 hr in air from 1000 to 1200 degrees C. A comparison of oxidation behavior of this alloy with a conventional nickel-base superalloy (Inconel 713C) has been conducted in detail. This experimental alloy oxidizes by forming layers of Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, CoO and traces of SiO2 with WO2 oxides on the surface of the specimen in contact with air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure, morphology and compositions of oxides formed after the exposure. Thermal stability of the alloy after extended periods of exposures to air at 1000, 1100 and 1200 degrees C was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). C1 [Mahapatra, R.; Lei, C. S.] USN, Mat Lab, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Imam, M. A.; Feng, C. R.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Tecg Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahapatra, R (reprint author), USN, Mat Lab, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM rabindra.mahapatra@navy.mil; ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 654-656 BP 550 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.550 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSQ15 UT WOS:000285374600134 ER PT S AU Cooper, KP Lambrakos, SG AF Cooper, Khershed P. Lambrakos, Samuel G. BE Nie, JF Morton, A TI Thermal Modeling of Direct Digital Melt-Deposition Processes SO PRICM 7, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Japan Inst Metals, Korean Inst Metals & Mat, Mat Australia, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc DE Melt-deposition; solidification; thermal modeling; microstructure AB Additive manufacturing involves creating three-dimensional objects by depositing materials layer-by-layer. The freeform nature of the method permits the production of components with complex geometry. Deposition processes provide one more capability, which is the addition of multiple materials in a discrete manner to create "heterogeneous" objects with locally controlled composition. The result is direct digital manufacturing (DDM) by which dissimilar materials are added voxel-by-voxel (a voxel is volumetric pixel) following a predetermined tool-path. A typical example is functionally-graded material such as a gear with a tough core and a wear resistant surface. The inherent complexity of DDM processes is such that process modeling based on direct physics-based theory is difficult, especially due to a lack of temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties and particularly when dealing with melt-deposition processes. To overcome this difficulty the inverse problem approach is adopted to develop thermal models for multi-material, direct digital melt-deposition. This approach is based on the construction of a numerical-algorithmic framework for modeling anisotropic diffusivity such as that which would occur during energy deposition within a heterogeneous work-piece. This framework consists of path-weighted integral formulations of heat diffusion according to spatial variations in material composition and requires consideration of parameter sensitivity issues. C1 [Cooper, Khershed P.; Lambrakos, Samuel G.] USN, Res Lab Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cooper@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 654-656 BP 1540 EP 1544 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.1540 PN 1-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSQ15 UT WOS:000285374600377 ER PT S AU Imam, MA Fliflet, AW Gold, SH Bruce, RW Stephenson, C Feng, CR AF Imam, M. Ashraf Fliflet, Arne W. Gold, Steven H. Bruce, Ralph W. Stephenson, Chad Feng, C. R. BE Nie, JF Morton, A TI Millimeter-Wave Reactive Sintering of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnett SO PRICM 7, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Japan Inst Metals, Korean Inst Metals & Mat, Mat Australia, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Gyrotron; millimeter-wave; reactive sintering; laser host material; Nd:YAG ID ND-YAG CERAMICS AB Millimeter-wave sintering of ceramic laser host materials has been under investigation for high-energy laser (HEL) applications. Advantages of polycrystalline, compared to single-crystal, laser host materials include lower processing temperature, higher gain from higher dopant concentration, cheaper fabrication, and larger devices. We are currently investigating the solid-state reactive sintering of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) using a high power millimeter-wave beam as the heat source. The 83 GHz beam is generated in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) High Frequency Materials Processing Facility that is powered by a 15 kW, CW, 83 GHz GYCOM gyrotron. The starting powder is a mixture of commercially available alumina, yttria, and neodymia powders. Near transparency and over 99% theoretical density have been achieved with grain sizes of 5 to 10 mu m. The fluorescence lifetime of the Nd+3 1.06 mu m lasing transition was measured to be about 200 mu s, in good agreement with other work. SEM studies of the sintered microstructure show residual porosity caused by trapped pores that must be eliminated to produce fully transparent material. C1 [Imam, M. Ashraf; Fliflet, Arne W.; Gold, Steven H.; Feng, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruce, Ralph W.; Stephenson, Chad] Bethel Coll, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil; arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil; ralph.bruce@bethelcollege.edu RI Stephenson, Chad/O-6123-2014 OI Stephenson, Chad/0000-0002-3766-5247 FU Directed Energy Scholars Program and another (R.W.B); ONR Summer Faculty Grant FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. One of us (C. S.) was supported by Directed Energy Scholars Program and another (R.W.B) by an ONR Summer Faculty Grant. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 654-656 BP 2002 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.2002 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSQ15 UT WOS:000285374600491 ER PT S AU Chikhradze, NM Marquis, FD Japaridze, LA Abashidze, GS Okujava, LM AF Chikhradze, N. M. Marquis, F. D. Japaridze, L. A. Abashidze, G. S. Okujava, L. M. BE Nie, JF Morton, A TI Polymer Based Composite and Hybrid Materials for Wind Power Generation SO PRICM 7, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Japan Inst Metals, Korean Inst Metals & Mat, Mat Australia, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Hybrid polymer composite (HPC); glass fiber (GF); carbon fiber (CF); basalt fiber (BF); vacuum infiltration (VI); Prepreg technology (PrT); strength and deformability HPC AB In recent years considerable attention has been dedicated to renewal power sources, such as wind power. This work was carried out in order to develop a small wind turbine of 1-10kW power generation capability. This wind turbine is designed to be energetically more efficient by 30-50% and having a lesser specific cost (by 25-30%). This work focused on the development of composite materials for application on the blades in the wind generator. In this paper we present the results of the research work done on the development of flexible technology for the fabrication matrix-epoxy resin based hybrid composites, reinforced with carbon, basalt and glass fibers. These new composite and hybrid materials were fabricated using epoxy matrixes. These matrices were reinforced with basalt and carbon fibers of different content and strengthened by mullite-like crystals. The basalt fibers for composite reinforcing were prepared from raw materials, with chemical composition: SiO2-15.3%; CaO-10.8%; Na2O-4.2%; MgO-8.8%; Fe2O3-12.1%; MnO-0.7%; TiO2-0.7%. The properties of new composites developed depend on the content and architecture of reinforcing components and are: tensile strength-(0.012-1.590)GPa; compression strength-(0.078-0.656)GPa; modulus of elasticity-(8.4-162.9)GPa; Poisson ratio-(0.015-0.559). The variation of strength and elastic characteristics under tension and compression of the new composites are presented. C1 [Chikhradze, N. M.; Japaridze, L. A.; Abashidze, G. S.] G Tsulukidze Min Inst, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Marquis, F. D.] Wayne Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Okujava, L. M.] K Zavriev Inst Struct Mech & Seism Stabil, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Chikhradze, NM (reprint author), G Tsulukidze Min Inst, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM chikhradze@mining.org.ge; fdmarquis@nps.edu; levan@grdf.ge; chikhradze@mining.org.ge; leonideokujava@gmail.com FU STCU [3631] FX The authors of this paper gratefully acknowledge the financial support from STCU (Grant No 3631). NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 654-656 BP 2612 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.2612 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSQ15 UT WOS:000285374600641 ER PT S AU Feigenbaum, J Johnson, A Syverson, P AF Feigenbaum, Joan Johnson, Aaron Syverson, Paul BE Atallah, MJ Hopper, NJ TI Preventing Active Timing Attacks in Low-Latency Anonymous Communication SO PRIVACY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies CY JUL 21-23, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Microsoft Corp ID MIX NETWORKS AB Low-latency anonymous communication protocols in general, and the popular onion-routing protocol in particular, are broken against simple timing attacks. While there have been few proposed solutions to this problem when the adversary is active, several padding schemes have been proposed to defend against a passive adversary that just observes timing patterns. Unfortunately active adversaries can break padding schemes by inserting delays and dropping messages. We present a protocol that provides anonymity against an active adversary by using a black-box padding scheme that is effective against a passive adversary. Our protocol reduces, in some sense, providing anonymous communication against active attacks to providing a padding scheme against passive attacks. Our analytical results show that anonymity can be made arbitrarily good at the cost of some added latency and required bandwidth. We also perform measurements on the Tor network to estimate the real-world performance of our protocol, showing that the added delay is not excessive. C1 [Feigenbaum, Joan] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Johnson, Aaron] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Syverson, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feigenbaum, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Joan.Feigenbaum@yale.edu; ajohnson@cs.utexas.edu; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU NSF [0331548, 0716223]; IARPA [FA8750-07-0031]; ONR FX Supported in part by NSF grants 0331548 and 0716223 and IARPA grant FA8750-07-0031.; Supported by NSF grant 0716223.; Supported by ONR. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14526-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6205 BP 166 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BRM59 UT WOS:000283109500010 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Hajj, MR Beran, PS AF Pettit, C. L. Hajj, M. R. Beran, P. S. TI A stochastic approach for modeling incident gust effects on flow quantities SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Gust loads; Polynomial chaos expansion; PCE ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; PARAMETRIC UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATIONS; WIND AB The uncertainty in gust loads on a rigid, flat-plate airfoil at zero angle-of-attack due to imprecise knowledge of the gust parameters is quantified. The loads are computed using the unsteady vortex lattice model, which includes temporal variations in wake vorticity and the associated downwash on the airfoil. The non-intrusive formulation of the polynomial chaos expansion in terms of the multivariate Hermite polynomials is employed to quantify the uncertainty in the predicted unsteady lift. The expansion coefficients were estimated through Latin hypercube sampling of the parameters in the vertical and streamwise gust spectra. The first-order chaos expansion in terms of the uncertain spectral parameters was found to be sufficient for representing the stochastic aerodynamic lift, which was found to be most sensitive to imprecision in the standard deviation of the vertical component of the gust. These conclusions were found to be unaffected by ignoring the effects of gusts on the locations of the shed vortices in the airfoil's wake. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hajj, M. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pettit, C. L.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Beran, P. S.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hajj, MR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mhajj@vt.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 FU Air Vehicles Directorate, US Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Laboratory [03VA01COR] FX The first and second authors were sponsored through grants from the Air Vehicles Directorate, US Air Force Research Laboratory. The third author was partially sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Laboratory Task 03VA01COR (Dr. Fariba Fahroo - Program Manager). The support of these sponsors is greatly appreciated. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2009.08.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 519WB UT WOS:000271798800016 ER PT S AU Kim, M Canedy, CL Kim, CS Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Bewley, W. W. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Nitta, J Munekata, H TI Room temperature interband cascade lasers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS AND SYSTEMS SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors and Systems (NGS2) CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Tohoku Univ, Katahira Campus, Sendai, JAPAN HO Tohoku Univ, Katahira Campus DE semiconductor lasers; mid-infrared lasers; interband cascade lasers ID AUGER RECOMBINATION; NARROW-RIDGE; HIGH-POWER AB An analysis of the threshold current densities and differential slope efficiencies in interband cascade lasers with type-II active regions revealed lower Auger recombination rates than anticipated theoretically or using the data from prior experiments. Furthermore, a new design of the waveguide yielded room-temperature internal losses as low as approximate to 6 cm(-1). The combination of these advances with improvements to the processing of narrow ridges has led operation up to 335 K in continuous-wave mode for devices emitting at 3.3-3.7 mu m. An 8.7-mu m-wide ridge without facet coatings produced up to 23 mW of cw power at 300 K, and displayed a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 2.0%. C1 [Kim, M.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.162 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BNZ19 UT WOS:000275915400016 ER PT J AU Moskowitz, IS Cotae, P Kang, DD AF Moskowitz, Ira S. Cotae, Paul Kang, Daniel D. GP IEEE TI Channel Capacity Behavior for Simple Models of Optical Fiber Communication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (COMM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Communications CY JUN 10-12, 2010 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP IEEE, Politehnica Univ Bucharest, Mil Tech Acad, IEEE Romanian Sect, Romanian Acad Tech Sci ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY AB We discuss the capacity of certain binary input, ternary output, memoryless communication channels that arise in optical fiber communication (OFC). By using the Kuhn-Tucker condition we provide analytic solutions for channel capacity, under certain conditions. Numerical capacity results are provided along with closed form approximations, which accurately mimic capacity behavior, under all conditions. C1 [Moskowitz, Ira S.] USN, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cotae, Paul] Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Kang, Daniel D.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Ctr High Assurance Comp, Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ira.moskowitz@nrl.navy.mil; pcotae@udc.edu; daniel.d.kang@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6363-3 PY 2010 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYR38 UT WOS:000299870700047 ER PT J AU Cotae, P Yang, TC AF Cotae, Paul Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI A Cyclostationary Blind Doppler Estimation Method for Underwater Acoustic Communications using Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (COMM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Communications CY JUN 10-12, 2010 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP IEEE, Politehnica Univ Bucharest, Mil Tech Acad, IEEE Romanian Sect, Romanian Acad Tech Sci DE Blind Doppler estimation; cyclostationarity; underwater communications; non data aided synchronization; m-sequence; direct sequence spread spectrum ID CDMA SYSTEMS; MULTIPATH; ALGORITHM AB A new method for blind (non-data aided) Doppler shift estimation caused by relative motion assumed to be the same on each hydrophone receiver in a SIMO context is presented. The proposed method is based on the second order stationary statistics and it was applied to estimate the average and instantaneous Doppler shift for a single carrier underwater acoustic communications. Past experimental data collected at sea are used to determine the average and instantaneous Doppler shift within a direct sequence spread spectrum signal containing 52 repeated m-sequences. C1 [Cotae, Paul] Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Elect Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cotae, P (reprint author), Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Elect Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM pcotae@udc.edu; tc.yang@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research under 2009 ONR - ASEE Fellowship Summer Program FX The Office of Naval Research under 2009 ONR - ASEE Fellowship Summer Program, supports this work. The authors are grateful to the NRL Acoustic Communication personnel who supported and conducted the TREX04 experiment. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6363-3 PY 2010 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYR38 UT WOS:000299870700076 ER PT S AU Esher, L Hall, S Regnier, E Sanchez, PJ Hansen, JA Singham, D AF Esher, Leslie Hall, Stacey Regnier, Eva Sanchez, Paul J. Hansen, James A. Singham, Dashi BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI SIMULATING PIRATE BEHAVIOR TO EXPLOIT ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Recent years have seen an upsurge in piracy, particularly off the Horn of Africa. Piracy differs from other asymmetric threats, such as terrorism, in that it is economically motivated. Pirates operating off East Africa have threatened maritime safety and cost commercial shipping billions of dollars paid in ransom. Piracy in this region is conducted from small boats which can only survive for a few days away from their base of operations, have limited survival in severe weather, and cannot perform boarding operations in high wind or sea state conditions. In this study we use agent models and statistical design of experiments to gain insight into how meteorological and oceanographic forecasts can used to dynamically predict relative risks for commercial shipping. C1 [Esher, Leslie; Hall, Stacey; Regnier, Eva; Sanchez, Paul J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hansen, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Singham, Dashi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esher, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM laesher@nps.edu; slhall@nps.edu; eregnier@nps.edu; pjsanche@nps.edu; jim.hansen@nrlmry.navy.mil; dsingham@berkeley.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1330 EP 1335 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679060 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701053 ER PT S AU Kang, K McDonald, M AF Kang, Keebom McDonald, Mary BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI IMPACT OF LOGISTICS ON READINESS AND LIFE CYCLE COST: A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB In this paper we develop two models that can be used to identify critical logistics factors that impact military readiness and the life cycle cost. The first one, a discrete-event simulation model, estimates the operational availability of a weapon system given input parameters under a certain scenario. The second one, a spreadsheet model, computes the life cycle cost using the same input parameters for the simulation model. Our approach is intended to serve as a basis for discussion between program offices concerned with cost and operational commands concerned with operational availability. C1 [Kang, Keebom] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. [McDonald, Mary] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM kkang@nps.edu; mlmcdona@nps.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1336 EP 1346 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679057 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701054 ER PT S AU Byers, KL Chung, TH Johnson, RT AF Byers, Kenneth L. Chung, Timothy H. Johnson, Rachel T. BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF TACTICAL INSTALLATION PROTECTION MISSIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Security of U. S. military installations is of high interest and operational importance to the U. S. military and allied forces. The Situational Awareness for Surveillance and Interdiction Operations (SASIO) model was developed to simulate the operational tasking of a single Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a ground-based interceptor used for searching, identifying, and intercepting potential hostile targets prior to reaching a military base. This research explores insights for the tactical employment of a UAV and an interceptor to combat potential hostile actions against a predefined area of interest. The design and analysis of experiments are used to create surrogate models that quantify the success rates of interception based on the employment strategies for both the UAV and ground-based interceptor and also characteristics of the mission. The results provide guidance for tactical employment of Blue Force assets, as well as provide alternative means to influence Red force behavior in a beneficial manner. C1 [Byers, Kenneth L.] Naval Submarine Base, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Chung, Timothy H.; Johnson, Rachel T.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Byers, KL (reprint author), Naval Submarine Base, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM klbyers@nps.edu; thchung@nps.edu; rtjohnso@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679058 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701055 ER PT S AU Buss, A Al Rowaei, A AF Buss, Arnold Al Rowaei, Ahmed BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI A COMPARISON OF THE ACCURACY OF DISCRETE EVENT AND DISCRETE TIME SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS ID GRAPHS AB Many combat and agent-based models use time-step as their simulation time advance mechanism. Since time discretization is known to affect the results when numerically solving differential equations, it stands to reason that it might likewise affect the results of such simulations. This paper demonstrates that is indeed the case. Using simple queueing models, we demonstrate that the size of the time step can have a substantial impact on estimated measures of performance. While large time steps can execute faster than a corresponding discrete event model, there can be substantial errors in the estimates. Conversely, with small time steps the results match both the discrete event measures as well as the analytic values, but can take substantially longer to execute. C1 [Buss, Arnold; Al Rowaei, Ahmed] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM abuss@nps.edu; aalrowae@nps.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1468 EP 1477 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679045 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701066 ER PT S AU Alt, JK Lieberman, S AF Alt, Jonathan K. Lieberman, Stephen BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI REPRESENTING DYNAMIC SOCIAL NETWORKS IN DISCRETE EVENT SOCIAL SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB One of the key structural components of social systems is the social network. The representation of this network structure is key to providing a valid representation of the society under study. The social science concept of homophily provides a conceptual model of how social networks are formed and evolve over time. Previous work described the results of social simulation using a static homophily network. In order to gain the full benefit of modeling societies a representation of how the social network changes over time is required. This paper introduces the implementation of a dynamic homophily network, along with a case study exploring the sensitivity of model outputs to the parameters describing the network and applying social network change detection methods (SNCD) to model output. C1 [Alt, Jonathan K.; Lieberman, Stephen] USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alt, JK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1478 EP 1489 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679046 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701067 ER PT S AU Mutschler, DW AF Mutschler, David W. BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI EMPLOYING PROXIES TO IMPROVE PARALLEL DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Proxies are caches of information maintained by one simulation object about other simulation objects. Though proxies can require significant overhead to maintain consistency, their judicious use can improve parallel performance by increasing speedup. This paper discusses three cases where careful use of proxies has improved speedup in a parallel discrete event simulator implemented using threaded worker pools. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mutschler, DW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 22595 Saufley Rd,Bldg 3259, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM david.mutschler@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1512 EP 1521 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679041 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701070 ER PT S AU Pasupathy, R Szechtman, R Yucesan, E AF Pasupathy, Raghu Szechtman, Roberto Yuecesan, Enver BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI SELECTING SMALL QUANTILES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Ranking and selection (R&S) techniques are statistical methods developed to select the best system, or a subset of systems from among a set of alternative system designs. R&S via simulation is particularly appealing as it combines modeling flexibility of simulation with the efficiency of statistical techniques for effective decision making. The overwhelming majority of the R&S research, however, focuses on the expected performance of competing designs. Alternatively, quantiles, which provide additional information about the distribution of the performance measure of interest, may serve as better risk measures than the usual expected value. In stochastic systems, quantiles indicate the level of system performance that can be delivered with a specified probability. In this paper, we address the problem of ranking and selection based on quantiles. In particular, we formulate the problem and characterize the optimal budget allocation scheme using the large deviations theory. C1 [Pasupathy, Raghu] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yuecesan, Enver] INSEAD, Technol & Operat Management Area, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. [Szechtman, Roberto] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pasupathy, R (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pasupath@vt.edu; rszechtm@nps.edu; enver.yucesan@insead.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 2762 EP 2770 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5678971 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976702086 ER PT J AU Vannicola, F Beard, R White, J Senior, K Kubik, A Wilson, D AF Vannicola, F. Beard, R. White, J. Senior, K. Kubik, A. Wilson, D. GP ION TI GPS BLOCK IIF RUBIDIUM FREQUENCY STANDARD LIFE TEST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB Beginning in August 2008, two production PerkinElmer Rubidium Frequency Standards (RFS) built for the GPS Block IIF satellites have been under continuous test at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Precision Clock Evaluation Facility (PCEF). NRL in concert with the GPS Wing, GPS Block IIF prime contractor Boeing, and the RFS manufacturer PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, is conducting a three year life test on RFS-IIF units, serial numbers 5 and 25. The objectives of the life test are the verification of the units' design life, reliability and the characterization of the long-term performance. The test configuration includes housing each unit in thermal vacuum chambers that maintains the environment on each unit independently and in conditions expected to be experienced on-orbit. The mounting configuration, materials, input power and thermal operation duplicates that anticipated in the Block IIF satellites. The RFS output frequency is precisely compared to the NRL Hydrogen Maser references by several redundant systems in order to minimize data loss over the life of the test. Internal monitors normally sent as telemetry are monitored and recorded with high resolution along with environmental and facility test conditions. In addition to the IIF RFS units, two Symmetricom IIF Digital Cesium Beam Frequency Standards (DCBFS) units were also tested from August 2004 to October 2006. The status and results of the IIF units under test will be presented, along with initial on-orbit analysis of the first GPS IIF satellite launched in May 2010. C1 [Vannicola, F.; Beard, R.; White, J.; Senior, K.; Kubik, A.; Wilson, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vannicola, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 812 EP 819 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734900062 ER PT J AU Rowe, N AF Rowe, Neil BE Demergis, J TI Towards Reversible Cyberattacks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY JUL 01-02, 2010 CL Univ Macedonia, Thessaloniki, GREECE HO Univ Macedonia DE cyberweapons; cyberattacks; reversibility; damage; cryptography; deception AB Warfare without damage has always been a dream of military planners. Traditional warfare usually leaves persistent side effects in the form of dead and injured people and damaged infrastructure. An appealing feature of cyberwarfare is that it could be more ethical than traditional warfare because its damage could be less and more easily repairable. Damage to data and programs (albeit not physical hardware) can be repaired by rewriting over damaged bits with correct data. However, there are practical difficulties in ensuring that cyberattacks minimize unreversible collateral damage while still being easily repairable by the attacker and not by the victim. We discuss four techniques by which cyberattacks can be potentially reversible. One technique is reversible cryptography, where the attacker encrypts data or programs to prevent their use, then decrypts them after hostilities have ceased. A second technique is to obfuscate the victim's computer systems in a reversible way. A third technique to withhold key data from the victim, while caching it to enable quick restoration on cessation of hostilities. A fourth technique is to deceive the victim so that think they mistakenly think they are being hurt, then reveal the deception at the conclusion of hostilities. We also discuss incentives to use reversible attacks such as legality, better proportionality, lower reparations, and easier ability to use third parties. As an example, we discuss aspects of the recent cyberattacks on Georgia. This paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security, July 2010, Thessaloniki, Greece. C1 [Rowe, Neil] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-66-5 PY 2010 BP 261 EP 267 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Political Science SC Computer Science; Government & Law GA BSE07 UT WOS:000284258200031 ER PT B AU Fu, TC Terrill, E Fullerton, AM Taylor, GL AF Fu, Thomas C. Terrill, Eric Fullerton, Anne M. Taylor, Genevieve Lada GP ASME TI A COMPARISON OF THE MODEL AND FULL SCALE TRANSOM WAVE OF THE R/N ATHENA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore, & Arctic Engn Div AB Over the past few years the U.S. Office of Naval Research has sponsored a series of measurements of the transom wave of the R/V Athena and of a 1/8.25-scale model (NSWCCD Model 5365) of the ship. The objectives of the testing were to characterize the free surface wave behind the ship's transom at both model and full scale for use in identifying hydrodynamic features and for developing and validating numerical simulation tools. The focus of this paper is the comparison of these full scale and model scale measurements, specifically a comparison of the time-averaged free-surface stern wave profiles and the dominant hydrodynamic features, the rooster tail for example. Both the field measurements and the model scale tow tank measurements were made in as calm as possible ambient conditions. Full scale data was collected in the relatively protected waters of St. Andrews Bay, Florida. The winds, which typically build as the day progresses, were minimal, and it was a new moon during the test period, so tidal excursions were also minimized. While measurements were obtained for ship speeds ranging from 3.1 to 6.2 m/s (6 to 12 knots), equivalent to Froude number range based on length (47 m) of 0.14 to 0.29, respectively, the focus of the comparison is for the 0.24 Fronde number (10.5 knots full scale) case. Measurements of the full scale stern wave were made by a scanning laser altimeter, while measurements at model scale were made using a traversing set of conductivity finger probes. C1 [Fu, Thomas C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fu, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4911-8 PY 2010 BP 711 EP 719 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BUX07 UT WOS:000290556500084 ER PT B AU Minnick, L Bassler, C Percival, S Hanyok, L AF Minnick, Lisa Bassler, Christopher Percival, Scott Hanyok, Lauren GP ASME TI LARGE-SCALE WAVE KINEMATICS MEASUREMENTS OF REGULAR WAVES AND LARGE-AMPLITUDE WAVE GROUPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, 2010, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore, & Arctic Engn Div ID DEEP-WATER; ACCELERATIONS AB An experiment was performed to measure and characterize wave kinematics in an experimental basin. The experiment is part of an ongoing effort to improve predictions and measurements of ship motions in waves, including more accurate characterization of the near-field wave environment and its influence on ship motions. The primary objective of this experiment was to measure and characterize the wave kinematics of regular waves of varying steepness and scaled irregular seaways, including irregular waves with embedded wave groups. Measurements, including free-surface elevations and velocity field measurements under the free surface, are presented and discussed. C1 [Minnick, Lisa; Bassler, Christopher; Percival, Scott; Hanyok, Lauren] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD USA. RP Minnick, L (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4912-5 PY 2010 BP 147 EP 158 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BUY37 UT WOS:000290693600019 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Qidwai, MAS AF DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq GP ASME TI AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS INCORPORATING NONLINEAR MATERIAL BEHAVIOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL. 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst ID BIMORPHS AB Piezoelectric actuators of various composite designs have been proposed during the last few years including extension and shear bimorphs, tubular composites and multilayered actuators. These designs exploit the ability to define the actuation direction by varying the alignment between poling direction and applied electric field. Considerable research effort has been put to accurately model these actuators in order to attain predictive capability. The common factor in almost all of these studies is the assumption that the poled material behaves linearly under applied electric field. However, this assumption may only be accurate for the limited case of a homogenous actuator under relatively unconstrained environment, such as that of simply supported boundary conditions. In the case of composite structures, the actuation can potentially be restricted by non-actuating constituents resulting in multi-dimensional loading states, which may cause domain switching. The same argument can be made for most boundary conditions that are imposed in practical applications, such as when the actuator is clamped or fixed. Another point of concern is the presence of discontinuities and minor defects in the actuator. Both of these would promote non-uniform electric field causing domain switching, and hence, unexpected actuator output. Unless proven otherwise, these concerns directly affect the credibility of life cycle estimates based upon linear models. In this paper linear and nonlinear material models will be used to determine actuator performance using an established constitutive model in a commercial finite element code. Actuator performance for both material cases will be calculated and compared with existing analytical predictions under the same set of boundary conditions. C1 [DeGiorgi, Virginia G.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM virginia.g.degiorgi@nrl.navy.mil; muhammad.a.qidwai@nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4415-1 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BUZ20 UT WOS:000290774200002 ER PT B AU O'Brien, RT Robertson, MJ AF O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. Robertson, Michael J. GP ASME TI BANG-BANG CONTROL OF A FLOATING OSCILLATOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2009, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2009)/Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control CY OCT 12-14, 2009 CL Hollywood, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div, ASME, Fluid Power Syst Div AB The objective of this paper is to use a simple bang-bang control law to create rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator This work is motivated by previous work on bang-bang control for systems with two integrators. The advantage of the proposed bang-bang controller is its simplicity and robustness. The bang-bang control signal switches between a maximum and minimum value once over the duration of the control signal. The amplitude and duration are computed from the desired move distance and the system parameters. The robustness of the proposed controller to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot in the response once the system has reached the desired move distance. For the proposed controller, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that the robustness improves as the duration of the bang-bang command signal increases and that, given a fixed duration, a further improvement in robustness is obtained over a limited but significant range of uncertainty by using multiple switches within the duration of the bang-bang signal. C1 [O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.; Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu; mroberts@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4892-0 PY 2010 BP 1401 EP 1405 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BPU11 UT WOS:000279952600182 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos GP ASME TI PARTICLE FILTER FOR PLASMA INSULIN ESTIMATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA ID TRACKING AB Bergman's Minimal Model (MM) captures simply but accurately the homeostasis of glucose and insulin in plasma. The MM has been proposed as an estimator of insulin for Diabetes Mellitus. Along this line of research, the present work takes into account the error between Bergman's simple compartmental model and the complex physiologic system it depicts. The author employs a Particle Filter (PF) in order to construct the posterior probability density of insulin from data. As a sequential Bayesian estimator; the PF can handle nonlinear state equations, such as the MM, as well as non-Gaussian modeling error. These advantages of the PF over the Kalman Filter warrant further consideration for insulin estimation and, in turn, avoidance of hyperinsulinemia. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@usna.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4417-5 PY 2010 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFG61 UT WOS:000319789100048 ER PT B AU Piepmeier, JA Firebaugh, SL AF Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong Firebaugh, Samara L. GP ASME TI PWM Control Accuracy for Scratch Drive Actuators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA DE scratch drive actuator AB In this paper we investigate the problem of controlling a scratch drive actuator that has two discrete modes of locomotion: forward motion in a straight line, and forward motion with fixed radius curvature. This type of device can be modeled as a two-wheeled vehicle (with the previously stated constraints). By alternating between these two modes of operation, the device can move along a variable-radius curved path. In practice, the robots do not move in a purely straight manner. This paper seeks to quantify the accuracy that can be achieved by switching between the two modes of locomotion. This type of low-level open-loop control facilitates the use of a higher level feedback controller designed for two-wheeled vehicles with a variable turning radius. C1 [Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong; Firebaugh, Samara L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Piepmeier, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4418-2 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFG60 UT WOS:000319788500002 ER PT B AU Robertson, MJ O'Brien, RT AF Robertson, Michael J. O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP ASME TI ZERO VIBRATION MULTI-SWITCH BANG-BANG COMMANDS FOR A FLOATING OSCILLATOR SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA ID MINIMUM-TIME CONTROL; FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; INPUT AB This paper presents a method for creating multi-switch bang-bang commands to produce rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator system. The advantage of the proposed method is its simplicity and robustness. The amplitude and switch times of the input commands are computed from the 1) desired move distance, 2) the system parameters and 3) the desired level of robustness. The robustness of the commands to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot of the step response. For the proposed method, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that both the number of switches in the command and the duration of the command affect the overall robustness. C1 [Robertson, Michael J.; O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM mroberts@usna.edu; riobrien@usna.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4418-2 PY 2010 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFG60 UT WOS:000319788500045 ER PT B AU Huyer, SA Dropkin, A AF Huyer, Stephen A. Dropkin, Amanda GP ASME TI Integrated Motor/Propulsor Duct Optimization for Increased Vehicle and Propulsor Performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID PUMP AB Integrated electric motor/propulsor technological development offers the potential to increase usable volume for undersea vehicles by locating the electric motor in the duct. This has the added advantage that the electric motor has increased usable torque due to the increased radius. For many torpedo and unmanned undersea vehicle applications, however, the maximum vehicle diameter is limited by design. This places significant constraints on the vehicle and propulsor design in order to maximize hydrodynamic performance. The electric motor requires a significant duct thickness that both increases hydrodynamic drag due to the presence of the duct as well as limiting the maximum propeller radius. Both constraints result in diminished propulsor performance by both increasing overall drag and reducing the propulsive efficiency. Tit order to meet vehicle design objectives related to maximum vehicle speed and associated power requirements, a computational study was conducted to better understand the underlying fluid dynamics associated with various duct shapes and the resultant impact on both total vehicle drag and propulsor efficiency. As a baseline to this study, a post-swirl propulsor configuration was chosen (downstream stator blade row) with a 9 blade rotor and 11 blade stator. A generic torpedo hull shape was chosen and the maximum duct radius was required to lie within this radius. A cylindrical rim driven electric motor capable of generating a specific horsepower to achieve the design operational velocity required a set volume and established a design constraint limiting the shape of the duct. With this constraint, the duct shape was varied to produce varying constant flow acceleration from upstream of the rotor blade row to downstream of the stator blade row. The mean flow acceleration was derived from a constant mass flow relation. The axisymmetric Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes version of Fluent (R) was used to examine the fluid dynamics associated with a range of accelerated and decelerated duct flow cases as well as provide the base total vehicle drag. For each given duct shape, the Propeller Blade Design Code, PBD 14.3 was used to generate an optimized rotor and stator. To provide fair comparisons, the circulation distribution and maximum rotor radius were held constant to generate equivalent amounts of thrust. Propulsor efficiency could then be estimated based on these calculations. Calculations showed that minimum vehicle drag was produced with a duct that produced zero mean flow acceleration. Ducts generating accelerating and decelerating flow increased drag. However, propulsive efficiency based on blade thrust and torque was significantly increased for accelerating flow through the duct and reduced for decelerating flow cases. Full 3-D RANS flow simulations were then conducted for select test cases to quantify the specific blade, hull and duct forces and highlight the increased component drag produced by an operational propulsor, which reduced overall propulsive efficiency. Based on these results, an optimum rotor balancing vehicle drag and propulsive efficiency is proposed. C1 [Huyer, Stephen A.; Dropkin, Amanda] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 797 EP 807 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700090 ER PT B AU Dropkin, AM Huyer, SA Henoch, C AF Dropkin, Amanda M. Huyer, Stephen A. Henoch, Charles GP ASME TI Combined Experimental/Numerical Development of Propulsor Evaluation Capability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID PROPELLERS; PUMP AB Propulsor design methods utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to develop initial propulsor configurations and predict the full-scale in-water performance of these optimal designs. However, like all numerical models, these CFD models need experimental validation to provide a sufficient level of confidence in the design. The actual data needed to validate CFD models include propulsor inflow velocities and thrust and are impractical to collect for full-scale vehicles. As a result, the in-water propulsor performance can be significantly different than CFD predictions. Another approach in the propulsor design process is to experimentally test a subscale version of the vehicle and appropriately scale results. This scaling is often unreliable due to differences between open water conditions and the flow in the laboratory facility. This paper presents a method to combine CFD modeling with subscale experiments to improve full-scale propulsor performance prediction. Laboratory experiments were conducted on subscale generic torpedo models in the 12 '' x 12 '' water tunnel located at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island. This model included an operational ducted post-swirl propulsor. Laser Doppler Velocimetry was used to measure several velocity profiles along the torpedo hull. The experimental data were used in this project to validate the CFD models constructed using the commercial CFD software, Fluent (R). Initially, axisymmetric two-dimensional simulations investigated the bare body, hull only case, and a shrouded body without the propulsor. These models were selected to understand the axisymmetric flow development and investigate methods to best match the propulsor inflow. A variety of turbulence models including the realizable k-epsilon model and the Spallart-Almaras model were investigated and ultimately the numerical and experimental velocity profiles were found to match within 3%. Based on these water tunnel simulations, differences between the flow in the facility and open water could then be characterized. These differences quantified both the effect of Reynolds number as well as local flow acceleration due to tunnel blockage effects. Full 3-D flow simulations were then conducted with an operating propulsor and compared with the corresponding subscale experimental data. Finally, simulations were conducted for full-scale tests and compared with actual in-water data. While the in-water data was limited to propulsor rpm and vehicle velocity, the operating advance ratio could be determined as well as the estimated vehicle thrust. This provided a method to utilize CFD/experiments to bridge the gap between subscale and full-scale tests. The predicted in-water advance ratio of 1.87 was very close to the measured value of 1.75. C1 [Dropkin, Amanda M.; Huyer, Stephen A.; Henoch, Charles] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Dropkin, AM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8233,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Amanda.Dropkin@navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 2247 EP 2258 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700254 ER PT B AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. GP ASME TI MODELING THE EFFECTS OF INTAKE PLENUM VOLUME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SMALL NATURALLY ASPIRATED RESTRICTED ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB Intake tuning is a significant method of boosting performance by enhancing volumetric efficiency in a naturally aspirated engine. Elements of intake tuning can involve varying intake runner length, geometry and plenum shape and volume. Previous research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of increasing plenum volume on engine torque. This objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of analytical and two computer based models (simple and complex) to accurately predict the effects of varying plenum volume on steady state and transient engine performance for a small restricted spark ignition engine. The computer models were only moderately successful in characterizing steady state performance. The simple model matched torque peak locations but failed to adequately predict the advantageous effect of plenum volume on torque. The complex model more effectively simulated torque effects of plenum volume increase but did not adequately capture torque peak locations. Both models underestimated mid-range torque by up to 20%. Transient manifold filling was estimated well with both the complex computer model and analytical methods. Transient torque response differed by only 1 - 2 engine cycles and was also well predicted by the computer simulation. C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 893 EP 901 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600085 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Wimmer, Stephanie A. GP ASME TI TOWARDS A MORE COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF PMN-PT 4 POINT BEND SPECIMEN BEHAVIOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROELECTRICS AB ASTM Standard C1161 is often used to determine fracture performance of piezoelectric materials. The basic geometry of C1161 is a four-point beam subjected to mechanical loading. When single crystal PMN-PT was recently subjected to this test unexpected results were observed. Fracture did not occur at the defects incorporated into the specimens nor did failure occur at locations of where maximum stress or strain was predicted by mechanical analyses. Computational tools were then applied to determine piezoelectric material response in this geometry with applied mechanical loading. Conventional finite element codes with piezoelectric material constitutive response using linear behavior models were used. Rather than duplicate the experimental work, the goal of this analysis was to provide insight into the electric fields that would be generated due to mechanical loading of the four-point bend specimen and the resulting variations in stress and deformations. Variation in poling directions is examined. Three different four-point bend configurations are considered. In each specimen the poling direction is aligned with one of the axes of the geometry. The computational study was done as a pre-screening analysis to determine if further understanding of the piezoelectric phenomenon could be expected in a series of experiments of similar design. Experimental work is currently under development based on the computational results of this study. The intent is to used computational analysis to advance understanding to enhance experimental design. C1 [DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Wimmer, Stephanie A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6353,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM degiorgi@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; wimmer@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900002 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ Qidwai, MA Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Gorzkowski, E. P. Pan, M-J. Qidwai, M. A. Wimmer, Stephanie A. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATIONS OF PMN-PT SINGLE CRYSTAL PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID FERROELECTRICS AB Application of new materials, such as PMN-PT single crystals, requires a good understanding of basic material performance under both electrical and mechanical loading. Over the past 5 years the authors have used both computational and experimental techniques to examine the relationships between poling direction, crystal orientation, and electric field actuation. Experiments show mixed results indicating that the relationship between material orientation and loading is more complex than originally imagined In some cases crack initiation and propagation perpendicular to the applied field was observed within a few thousand cycles but in other cases no failure was observed even after a few hundred thousand cycles despite crack growth in the presence of introduced defects. Computational effort quickly identified a gap between development of theoretical constitutive models that addressed domain switching based nonlinear behavior and what was available in workable form as part of commercial finite element codes. This led to the implementation of a macro-mechanical constitutive model which addresses domain switching, into a commercially available finite element code. The rate independent version has been used to investigate issues of electric field actuation and poling direction. Presented here are insights into the fracture and fatigue behavior of piezoelectric single crystals from both experimental and computational studies. C1 [DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Gorzkowski, E. P.; Pan, M-J.; Wimmer, Stephanie A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900003 ER PT B AU Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG Lemieux, EJ AF Wimmer, Stephanie A. DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Lemieux, Edward J. GP ASME TI EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF SHIP'S RUDDER COATINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Computational simulations are used in many disciplines to determine levels of stress and deformation in a structure for comparison with material allowable limits. In this work, use is made of a detailed 3D model of a typical ship's rudder to evaluate the stress and deformation characteristics of the rudder structural components including the corrosion control coating applied to the rudder surface. Three commercially available coating materials were evaluated. These coating selections represent a range of material characteristics from high ductility polymer to glassy. Design condition hydrostatic loads were used in all evaluations. Stress and deformation patterns within the rudder structure are discussed. Differences between the structural performance of the coatings are highlighted. C1 [Wimmer, Stephanie A.; DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Lemieux, Edward J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900005 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Hermanson, JC Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Hermanson, John C. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI TOWARDS A RECURSIVE HEXAPOD FOR THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MECHANICAL TESTING OF COMPOSITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Automated inverse methods for material constitutive characterization under multidimensional loading conditions has motivated the custom design, manufacturing and utilization of mechatronic loading machines. This present paper reports on the architecture of a mechatronic system capable of enforcing 6-DoF kinematic boundary conditions on deformable material specimens under testing, while at the same time measuring both the imposed kinematics and the corresponding reaction forces in a fully automated manner This system has a recursive nature as it consists of a hexapod configuration that repeats itself six times. In addition to the architecture, we also present the historical evolution, and current status of its manufacturing implementation and the initial fielding of our system for composite material testing and characterization. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900011 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, AP Michopoulos, JG AF Iliopoulos, A. P. Michopoulos, J. G. GP ASME TI LOADING SUBSPACE SELECTION FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION TESTS VIA COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB To pursue characterization of composite materials, contemporary automated material testing machines are programmed to follow loading paths in multidimensional spaces. A computational methodology for selecting the best loading subspace among all those possible is formulated and presented in this paper The criterion for subspace selection employed is based on the assessment of which among the possible subspaces generates the richest set of strain-states as compared to those of the union of all possible 4D loading spaces. A systematic program of simulation sequences of virtual experiments is presented and the concept of strain state cloud (SSC) is introduced as a high dimensional volumetric histogram describing the frequency of appearance of each strain state within the corresponding strain space. Comparison of the SSCs for each of the fifteen 4D subspaces relative to the full 6D space allows a ranking classification of each subspace. Based on this ranking we select the three top cases as being those considered for actual testing. C1 [Iliopoulos, A. P.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900012 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Samuel G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI ON A DATA AND REQUIREMENTS DRIVEN MULTI-SCALE FRAMEWORK LINKING PERFORMANCE TO MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATION; SOFTWARE AB The initial progress towards the design and development of a framework for automating the process of integrating experimental data with stakeholder specifications describing usability requirements, along with multiscale models for tailoring material and structural behavior characteristics is reported in the present paper The proposed framework consists of a layered architecture that is comprised of three main layers. The first layer involves the computational infrastructure that implements the low level computational container that encompasses the computational codes that enable the modeling of the forward problem for various physical problems at specific time and length scales. The second layer of the framework implements the cascaded and hierarchical implementation of the inverse problem in terms of a composition of discrete event system and differential equation system specifications. The third element of the proposed architecture utilizes Category theory abstractions and their computational implementations to provide the necessary infrastructure for automating the process of developing synthetic specifications driven from experimental data and performance requirements related to the design and use of material and structural systems. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Lambrakos, Samuel G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900021 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, AP Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG Bernstein, N AF Iliopoulos, Athanasios P. Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Samuel G. Bernstein, Noam GP ASME TI INVERSE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MODELING PERFORMANCE ON GPU ARCHITECTURES FOR A PROBLEM OF FRACTURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS; SIMULATION PACKAGE AB The recent growth of General Purpose Graphic Processor Units (GPGPUs) technologies as well as the ongoing need for linking usability performance with structural materials processing and design across many length and time scales have motivated the present work. The inverse problem of determining the Lennard-Tones potential governing the fracture dynamics of atoms comprising a sheet of metal under tension, is used to examine the feasibility of utilizing efficiently GPGPU architectures. The implementation of this inverse problem under a molecular dynamics framework verifies the ability of this methodology to deliver the intended results. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis is performed on GPGPU-enabled hardware to examine the effect of the size of the problem under consideration on the efficiency of various combinations of GPGPU and Central Processing Unit (CPU) cores. Speedup factors are determined relative to a single core CPU of a quad core processor C1 [Iliopoulos, Athanasios P.] Naval Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliopoulos, AP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 767 EP 775 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900080 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI FOUR PARAMETER INVERSE CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTAL SURFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INTERFACIAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT; SLOW SLIDING REGIME; ROUGH SURFACES; MULTISCALE ROUGHNESS; WEIERSTRASS PROFILE; DIMENSION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Motivated by the need to determine the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of contact surfaces between deformable materials that conduct electricity and heat, we are presenting here a method for characterizing certain topological characteristics of rough surfaces. The inverse identification of a set of parameters associated with the parametric representation of any rough surface based on profilometric data is described in contrast with the standard one parameter approaches. The description of the surface topography parametrization is first given in terms of a function that enables the generation of synthetic data. Objective functions are created based on both the profilometric evaluations of the parametric representation of the surface as well as its power spectrum. A statistical Monte Carlo based optimization method is implemented for determining the characteristic parameters needed for further analysis that leads to the determination of other physical properties of the surface. Numerical application of the method validates the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900087 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, Y. W. BE Giannopapa, C TI STUDY OF FLUID EFFECTS ON DYNAMICS OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID UNDERWATER SHOCK; EXPLOSION AB This study investigates the effect of fluid-structure interaction on dynamic responses of submerged composite structures subjected to a mechanical loading. The research focuses on finding various parameters that affect the transient dynamic responses of these structures. Coupled fluid-structure interaction analyses of composite structures surrounded by a water medium arc conducted numerically for various parametric studies, and their results are compared to those of dry structures. Furthermore, modified dry structural models arc developed to represent the dynamic responses of the same structures under water with a reasonable accuracy Those models promise to be beneficial to predict structural behaviors under water without an expensive computational or experimental cost. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4367-3 PY 2010 BP 647 EP 654 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRE05 UT WOS:000282464600074 ER PT B AU Owens, AC Didoszak, JM Kwon, AS Kwon, YW AF Owens, A. C. Didoszak, J. M. Kwon, A. S. Kwon, Y. W. GP ASME TI UNDERWATER IMPACT OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID VIBRATION; PLATES; FLUID AB Fiber reinforced polymer composite structures have very comparable mass densities to that of water. As a result, the effect of the Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) is much greater for those composite structures than for conventional metallic structures. As a result, this study investigates the effects of FSI on composite structures. A series of underwater impact testing has been conducted to understand the dynamic responses of composite structures coupled with the FSI effects. Both air-backed and water-backed underwater impacts are considered and their behaviors are compared to the dry impact test results in order to determine the FSI effects. Furthermore, multiphysics-based computational analyses have been undertaken so as to better understand and interpret the experimental results. The results of this study will provide knowledge necessary to apply composite materials to underwater structural applications. C1 [Owens, A. C.; Didoszak, J. M.; Kwon, A. S.; Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Owens, AC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Didoszak, Jarema/D-6149-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4923-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE96 UT WOS:000291334900031 ER PT B AU Hopson, MV Lambert, DE Weiderhold, J AF Hopson, Michael V. Lambert, David E. Weiderhold, Joseph GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL COMPARISONS OF HOMOGENEOUS AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF STEEL SUBJECTED TO EXPLOSIVE LOADING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Experiments were conducted by the Munitions Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory to investigate the fracture and fragmentation of two different metals due to explosive loading. The first metal, Eglin Steel 1 (ES-1), was a high strength steel alloy configured as a thin shell surrounding the explosive core. The second metal, Aero 224, was a tungsten alloy configured as a stack of rings around the explosive core. The two different configurations generated two different stress states, plane-strain and uniaxial stress. The radial expansion velocity of the ES-1 shell was recorded via a photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV). Also, the fragments from the ES-1 shell test and Aero 224 ring test were soft captured in a water tank. Complimentary computational analysis was conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. The Eulerian wave propagation code, CTH, was used to analyze the stress states of the different configurations and also investigate the use of statistical compensation on explosive fragmentation. The stress states were examined in the context of stress triaxiality where triaxiality is defined as the ratio of pressure to the Von Mises stress. From the computational analysis both the ES-1 shell test and Aero 224 ring test approached, but did not reach the ideal triaxial values for plane-strain and uniaxial stress. Lastly, parametric calculations were conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of using a statistically compensated Johnson Cook fracture model to simulate the non-homogeneous nature of the ES-1 and Aero 224. While using the model did result in different fragment distributions, all the resulting distributions were less accurate than the baseline homogeneous calculation. Scrutiny of the early time fragment formation in the statistically compensated calculations revealed a mesh bias which caused material failure on surfaces parallel to the Cartesian axes. This preferential fracture produced rarefaction waves which prohibited further fragmentation thus generating fragment distributions larger than those observed in the Aero 224 ring test. Potential solutions for this issue will be explored in the future. C1 [Hopson, Michael V.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hopson, MV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4923-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE96 UT WOS:000291334900034 ER PT B AU Tan, KS Kwon, YW AF Tan, Kian Sing Kwon, Young W. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI FAILURE CRITERION FOR VARYING STRAIN RATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE Tensile tests; strain rate effects; dynamic loading; failure criterion ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; STRESS AB Strain rate affects the behaviors of engineering structural materials, such as metals and composites, in terms of their stiffness and strength. In particular, yield and failure strengths and strains depend on the strain rate applied to the materials. When a structural material is subjected to a typical dynamic loading, the material usually undergoes various strain rate loading conditions. Then, the main question is whether the material is going to fail or not. To the authors' best knowledge, there has been no failure criterion proposed for a varying strain rate loading condition. This paper presents a failure criterion under non-uniform strain rate conditions. Experiments were also conducted to support the proposed failure criterion using aluminum alloy AA3003-H14. This study also investigated the failure envelopes in terms of strain rates and the normalized failure strengths. Furthermore, evaluations of various stress-strain relations under different strain rate loading conditions were also undertaken. C1 [Tan, Kian Sing; Kwon, Young W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tan, KS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300039 ER PT B AU Ryglowski, BK Pollak, RD Kwon, YW AF Ryglowski, Brian K. Pollak, Randall D. Kwon, Young W. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZING THE STABILITY OF CARBON NANOTUBE ENHANCED WATER AS A HEAT TRANSFER NANOFLUID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 9 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUSPENSIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Heat dissipation is a major challenge for many technologies. Possible solutions include thermal energy transfer via coolant fluid to a phase change material (PCM), with higher thermal conductivity a design goal. In recent years, heat transfer nanofluids (fluids with suspended nanoparticles) have received attention based on their potential for improving thermal conductivity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an attractive additive due to their enhanced thermal conductivity and ability to remain suspended over long times. However, characterizing their potential is difficult due to the many design variables and the need for repeated thermal conductivity tests for comparison. Since thermal conductivity enhancement is dependent on a dispersed nanotube network, the electrical conductivity of CNTs can be exploited to monitor the stability of such nanofluids, as such testing is quick and simple. The aim of this research was to evaluate electrical conductivity testing as a means to monitor stability of CNT-enhanced distilled water as a PCM, with varying CNT size, type, and concentration; and various other processing variables. The prepared nanofluids were tested after repeated phase change cycles. Results indicate that electrical conductivity testing is a practical means of monitoring the nanofluid stability, and CNT-based nanofluids show both promise and limitations as a PCM. C1 [Ryglowski, Brian K.; Pollak, Randall D.; Kwon, Young W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ryglowski, BK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4928-6 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVH46 UT WOS:000291567000036 ER PT B AU Rudland, D Csontos, A Brust, F Zhang, T AF Rudland, D. Csontos, A. Brust, F. Zhang, T. BE Rudland, DL TI WELDING RESIDUAL STRESS AND FLAW EVALUATION FOR DISSIMILAR METAL WELDS WITH ALLOY 52 INLAYS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB With the recent occurrences of primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) at nickel-based dissimilar metal welds (specifically Alloy 82/182 welds) in the nation's pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the commercial nuclear power industry has been proposing a number of mitigation strategies for dealing with the problem. Some of these methods include Mechanical Stress Improvement Process (MSIP), Full and Optimized Structural Weld Overlay (FSWOL, OWOL) and Inlay and On lay welds. All of these methods provide either a reduction in the ID residual stress field, (MSIP and WOL) and/or apply a corrosion resistant layer to stop or retard a leak path from forming (WOL, Inlay, On lay). For the larger bore pipe, i.e. hot leg outlet nozzle, methods such as FSWOL become cost prohibitive due to the amount of weld metal that must be deposited. Therefore, inlay welds are being proposed since only a small layer (3 weld beads) needs to be deposited on the inside surface of the pipe. Currently the ASME code is developing Code Case N-766 'Nickel Alloy Reactor Coolant Inlay and Cladding for Repair or Mitigation of PWR Full Penetration Circumferential Nickel Alloy Welds in Class I Items.' This code case is documenting the procedures for applying these inlay welds. As part of a confirmatory analysis, the US NRC staff and its contractor, Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus, (Emc(2)) have conducted both welding residual stress and flaw evaluation analyses to determine the effectiveness of inlay welds as a mitigative technique. This paper presents the ongoing results from this effort. Using several large bore geometries, detailed welding simulation analyses were conducted on the procedures set forth in draft Code Case N-766. Effects of weld repairs and temper bead welding are included. Using these residual stress results, PWSCC growth analyses were conducted using simulated crack growth rates as a function of chromium content to estimate the time to leakage and rupture for small initial flaws in the inlay. The paper concludes with discussions on the effectiveness of inlays based on these analyses. C1 [Rudland, D.; Csontos, A.] USN, Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Rudland, D (reprint author), USN, Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Mail Stop CSB-5CA24, Washington, DC 20555 USA. EM david.rudland@nrc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700034 ER PT B AU Lee, YT AF Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI IMPACT OF FAN GAP FLOW TO THE CENTRIFUGAL IMPELLER AERODYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The effect of a gap between an inlet duct and a rotating impeller in a centrifugal fan is often neglected in the impeller design calculations or design-related CFD analyses. This leads to an arbitrary determination of the gap size for the final fan configuration. Since the gap guides the volute flow back to the impeller flow field near the shroud high-curvature turning area, the low-momentum jet formed by the gap flow could prevent local flow from separation, reducing the local flow turning losses. However, this jet flow has enlarged flow separation in the blade passage producing shedding vorticity in the downstream passage flow. The passage-flow separation and the downstream volute flow, which is also affected by the passage-flow separation, have a higher impact on flow losses than the blade leading-edge separation. If the gap size is not selected carefully, the combined effect of the passage-flow separation and downstream volute-flow losses reduces the fan's overall performance between 2% points and 5% points as demonstrated in the current study. In this paper, local impeller velocity distributions obtained from both design-CFD and analysis-CFD calculations are compared along the shroud from the gap to the blade trailing edge. The overall impeller flow fields with and without the gap and volute effects are also compared and discussed based on the CFD solutions. Finally, an example of controlling the gap effect is shown. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM yu.lee@navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 1793 EP 1803 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010300154 ER PT B AU Volino, RJ Kartuzova, O Ibrahim, MB AF Volino, Ralph J. Kartuzova, Olga Ibrahim, Mounir B. GP ASME TI SEPARATION CONTROL ON A VERY HIGH LIFT LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOIL USING PULSED VORTEX GENERATOR JETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TRANSITIONAL BOUNDARY-LAYERS; PASSIVE FLOW-CONTROL; REGION; BLADE AB Boundary layer separation control has been studied using vortex generator jets (VGJs) on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Instantaneous velocity profile measurements were acquired in the suction surface boundary layer. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) of 25,000 and 50,000. Jet pulsing frequency, duty cycle, and blowing ratio were all varied. Computational results from a large eddy simulation of one case showed reattachment in agreement with the experiment. In cases without flow control, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach. With the VGJs, separation control was possible even at the lowest Reynolds number. Pulsed VGJs were more effective than steady jets. At sufficiently high pulsing frequencies, separation control was possible even with low jet velocities and low duty cycles. At lower frequencies, higher jet velocity was required, particularly at low Reynolds numbers. Effective separation control resulted in an increase in lift and a reduction in total pressure losses. Phase averaged velocity profiles and wavelet spectra of the velocity show the VGJ disturbance causes the boundary layer to reattach, but that it can re-separate between disturbances. When the disturbances occur at high enough frequency, the time available for separation is reduced, and the separation bubble remains closed at all times. C1 [Volino, Ralph J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu; m.ibrahim@csuohio.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 2685 EP 2700 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010301054 ER PT B AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, Ralph J. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF UNSTEADY WAKES ON BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION ON A VERY HIGH LIFT LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TURBULENCE INTENSITY; SUCTION SURFACE; FLOW CONDITION; TRANSITION; BLADE; REGION AB Boundary layer separation has been studied on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil in the presence of unsteady wakes. Experiments were done under low (0.6%) and high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Wakes were produced from moving rods upstream of the cascade. Flow coefficients were varied from 0.35 to 1.4 and wake spacing was varied from 1 to 2 blade spacings, resulting in dimensionless wake passing frequencies F=fL(j-te)/U-ave (f is the frequency, Lj-te is the length of the adverse pressure gradient region on the suction surface of the airfoils, and U-ave is the average freestream velocity) ranging from 0.14 to 0.56. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Instantaneous velocity profile measurements were acquired in the suction surface boundary layer and downstream of the cascade. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) of 25,000 and 50,000. In cases without wakes, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach. With wakes, separation was largely suppressed, particularly if the wake passing frequency was sufficiently high. At lower frequencies the boundary layer separated between wakes. Background freestream turbulence had some effect on separation, but its role was secondary to the wake effect. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 2701 EP 2714 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010301055 ER PT B AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Davis, WL AF Gannon, Anthony J. Hobson, Garth V. Davis, William L. GP ASME TI AXIAL TRANSONIC ROTOR AND STAGE BEHAVIOR NEAR THE STABILITY LIMIT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COMPRESSORS AB Transient casing pressure data from a transonic rotor and rotor-stator stage measured using high-speed pressure probes embedded in the casewall over the rotor tips is analyzed. Using long data sets sampled at a high frequency, low-frequency (less than once-per-revolution) non-axisymmetric flow phenomena were detected while operating at steady-state conditions near stall. Both the rotor and stage cases are investigated and the difference in behavior of a rotor with and without a stator blade row is investigated. Data for both cases over the speed range 70-100% of design and from choke to near the stability limit (stall or surge) is presented. The root mean square power of the low-frequency signal as well as its fraction of the total pressure signal is presented. It was thought that the behavior of these signals as stall was approached could lead to some method of detecting the proximity of stall. For the rotor-only configuration the strength of these non-axisymmetric phenomena increased as stall was approached for all speed-lines. However for the stage configuration, more representative of an operational machine, these were of a lower magnitude and did not exhibit a clearly increasing trend as stall was approached. This would seem to indicate that the stator suppressed these signals somewhat. It is also shown that these non-axisymmetric phenomena led to a significant variation of the mean relative inlet flow angle into the rotor blade. During stable operation near to stall at 100% speed for the rotor-only case a 1.9 degrees variation of this angle was measured. This compared with a 5.6 degrees variation over the entire speed line. Further it was observed that while the rotor and stage cases had different stability limits their peak relative inlet flow angles near stall were similar for both along most speedlines. C1 [Gannon, Anthony J.; Hobson, Garth V.; Davis, William L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 2725 EP 2734 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010301057 ER PT B AU Choi, SR Racz, Z AF Choi, Sung R. Racz, Zsolt GP ASME TI TARGET SIZE EFFECTS ON FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN GAS-TURBINE GRADE SILICON NITRIDES BY CERAMIC BALL PROJECTILES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE foreign object damage (FOD); impact damage; impact test; silicon nitrides; ceramics; ballistic impact; target thickness effect ID IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; SURFACES; AMBIENT; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) phenomena of two gas-turbine grade silicon nitrides (AS800 and SN282) were determined at ambient temperature using impact velocities ranging from 25 to 150 m/s by 1.59-mm diameter silicon nitride ball projectiles. Targets in flexure bar configuration with two different thicknesses of 1 and 2 mm were impacted under a fully supported condition. The degree of impact damage as well as of post-impact strength degradation increased with increasing impact velocity, increased with decreasing target thickness, and was greater in SN282 than in AS800 silicon nitride regardless of target thickness. The critical impact velocity, in which targets fractured catastrophically, decreased monotonically with decreasing target thickness and was lower in SN282 than in AS800. Backside cracking was dominant in both AS800 and SN282 target specimens with a thickness of 1 mm, occurring from an impact velocity of 50 m/s. A backside cracking analysis based on the elastic foundation approach was made as a function of target thickness. Overall, FOD by ceramic projectiles was significantly greater than that by hardened metallic counterparts. C1 [Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choil@navy.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 493 EP 502 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000045 ER PT B AU Islin, JA Cerza, M Jenkins, PE AF Islin, J. Alexander Cerza, Martin Jenkins, Peter E. GP ASME TI AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH (FT) BLENDS WITH DIESEL #2 AND JP5 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A ROLLS-ROYCE MODEL 250-C20B GAS TURBINE ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Fischer-Tropsch fuel is created using a catalyzed reaction in which a blend of carbon monoxide hydrogen gas (syngas) is converted into liquid hydrocarbons over a metal catalyst. The length of the carbon chain completely depends on the reaction parameters (mainly on temperature), empowering the manufacturer to produce different types of fuel. In this experiment, a fuel known as FT8 was created using this method. It is a synthetic form of JP8, a common jet fuel used extensively in the U.S. Navy as well as many commercial applications. This synthetic fuel, unlike conventional Diesel fuels, is colorless and lacks the impurities found in fossil fuels. Because of the lack of additives in the fuel required by the Rolls-Royce Model 250-C20B, the fuel was mixed in varying quantities up to 50% with Diesel #2 and JP5. Utilizing specific equipment, the Model 250-C20B's exhaust gas composition, power output, and thermodynamic efficiency were measured. Temperatures and pressures were measured for each of the gas turbine's five state points. Exhaust gas composition and output shaft torque and speed were also measured. The results of these tests were compared with baseline runs conducted with 100% conventional fuels used. It was determined that the blending of fuels did not affect performance, positively or negatively, to any great degree. Power output, fuel consumption, and exhaust gas composition were not significantly affected by the use of mixing the Fischer-Tropsch fuel with the conventional fuels used. However, it was determined that some blends did outperform the baseline tests. It did appear that the 20%-40% blend ratio does slightly increase the fuel's performance in the engine in most areas. C1 [Islin, J. Alexander; Cerza, Martin] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Islin, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200034 ER PT B AU Mako, CD Mccullough, S Boughner, A AF Mako, C. David Mccullough, Shane Boughner, Abe GP ASME TI Hybrid Electric Design enters Navy service: A report on the early service experience from LHD 8-USS Makin Island SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The LHD 8 amphibious assault ship utilizes a hybrid propulsion plant, where the ship has the capability to be propelled by electric propulsion motors or gas turbine engines all of which is controlled and monitored by a state-of-the-art Machinery Control System (MCS). Unlike the previous ships of the class which were steam powered, the hybrid drive is designed to allow economical low speed fuel efficiency on electric motors as well as a traditional gas turbine power plant for all other mission areas. This will yield significant fuel savings over the life of the ship. The integrated machinery control system is likewise expected to reduce life cycle costs through reduced manning. After a successful series of sea trials, the LHD 8; Makin Island was delivered to the US Navy on April 2009 and departed the builders' yard in July 2009 for a transit around the tip of South America to her homeport of San Diego, CA. The paper discusses the results of Builders and Acceptance Trials as well as the in-service experience of the ship on her maiden voyage. Examples are given of predicted vs. expected fuel consumption rates, design issues encountered and corrective measures taken as well as feedback from operators on the overall machinery plant design the MCS and its ease of operation. Included in the paper are ship drawings, photos and diagrams. C1 [Mako, C. David; Boughner, Abe] USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Mako, CD (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 965 EP 973 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400093 ER PT B AU Caguiat, DE AF Caguiat, Daniel E. GP ASME TI GAS TURBINE ONLINE WATERWASH FOR DDG-51 CLASS US NAVY SHIPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Currently, the U.S. Navy DDG-51 class ships employ a system of piping, tanks, and nozzles for washing the four Gas Turbine Main (GTM) engines and three Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator (SSGTG) engines. The wash system employed, referred to as the crankwash system, allows the user to wash the compressor section of a gas turbine only when the turbine in question is not operating. On a DDG-51 class ship, it is possible to utilize the existing crankwash piping, tank, and overall architecture to supply water to an online water wash system. An online water wash system allows the compressor section to be cleaned while the gas turbine is in operation. This is intended to reduce the periodicity of crankwashing and associated starter cycling costs. Online water wash is also intended to maintain compressor cleanliness in the interval between crankwashes. NAVSEA Philadelphia researched appropriate online water wash system designs, methods for collecting data to address fuel savings and engine performance issues, and installation methods. GTM and SSGTG Online Water Wash Systems were then installed on USS PREBLE (DDG-88) in late 2008. USS PUBLE subsequently deployed for a period of six months beginning January 2009. During the deployment, data was collected as the systems were operated. This paper will discuss the system design, provide data analysis results, and discuss lessons learned. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Caguiat, DE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 1013 EP 1019 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400097 ER PT B AU Bigley, A Driscoll, M AF Bigley, Andrew Driscoll, Matthew GP ASME TI REDEFINING PROPULSION AND POWER SYSTEMS FOR THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S 21(ST) CENTURY DESTROYER, DDG 1000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB For the past 40 years, the United States Navy has utilized a standardized machinery configuration on its surface combatant cruisers and destroyers. Large gas turbines (18.5 MW) directly coupled to a twin screw drive train and smaller gas turbine engines (2.5-3.0 MW) feeding a common electrical bus provided ships propulsion and power requirements. This consistent design approach afforded an opportunity for the Navy to hone its operational and maintenance strategies with a focus on enhancing reliability. DDG 1000 provides a unique machinery arrangement with which the Unites States Navy has minimal operational experience, with small and large Gas Turbine prime movers all producing power to an integrated power distribution network servicing both propulsion and ships service power requirements. This new all electric platform design produces some unique challenges for both the prime movers and electrical distribution. This paper explores gas turbine operating profile, reliability centered maintenance, transient engine response, power quality requirements and power distribution architecture as they apply to this new surface combatant. Comparisons will be drawn between the Navy's legacy system applications with an emphasis on how the new ship design requires innovative support approaches. Additionally, contrasts are articulated between defined military specifications and testing requirements for legacy applications and the amorphous standards for dual spool applications. C1 [Bigley, Andrew; Driscoll, Matthew] USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia Code 936, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Bigley, A (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia Code 936, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM andrew.bigley@navy.mil; matthew.driscoll@navy.mil RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 1021 EP 1028 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400098 ER PT B AU Neff, R Driscoll, M AF Neff, Robert Driscoll, Matthew GP ASME TI 10 YEARS LATER; A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE BLADE REFURBISHMENT PROGRAM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB In 1999, the United States Navy implemented an LM2500 High Pressure Turbine Blade Refurbishment Program. Traditionally, the US Navy had replaced high pressure turbine components each time an engine was removed from a ship during its depot overhaul visit. Following successful testing of several Rainbow rotors built up with refurbished LM2500 blades, as well as experience gained by the Royal Australian Navy, refurbishment of stage 1 and 2 high pressure turbine blades was adopted vice the replace with new part strategy previously utilized. This paper takes a fresh look at the blade refurbishment effort from two perspectives, first, an updated technical assessment is made of Rainbow rotor components as well as parts which were implemented as part of the refurbishment program to evaluate their current (2009) condition and define service life expectations. Secondly, a financial assessment is made of the program itself, defining the cost avoidance of refurbishing customer owned blades versus the cost to procure new components. The financial analysis will also include commentary on risk mitigation based upon the hundreds of thousands of operating hours on these components have acquired while deployed at sea. C1 [Neff, Robert; Driscoll, Matthew] USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia Code 934, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Neff, R (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia Code 934, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM robert.neff@navy.mil; matthew.driscoll@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 1029 EP 1035 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400099 ER PT B AU Canilang, B Hampshire, J AF Canilang, Benjamin Hampshire, James GP ASME TI REFINED OPERATING PROFILE GENERATION FOR AIR CUSHION VEHICLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE ETF40B; TF40B; Landing Craft Air Cushion; Operating Profile; Air Cushion Vehicles AB This paper examines the utilization of Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) historical operational data, empirical knowledge and emergent lifecycle topics to refine the operational profile of LCAC and other air cushion vehicles. Since 1986, the United States Navy's (USN) LCAC vehicle has accumulated sizeable operational hours in a unique and rigorous environment. Such a distinctive operating environment prohibits singular application of a surface ship or aircraft operational profile. Addressing emergent lifecycle issues, such as fleet wide main engine 4(th) nozzle failures, the need for a refined operating profile has been identified. Presently, all component life limit forecasting and inspection criterion are dictated by an antiquated notional operating profile, which utilize inadequate cycling assumptions. Furthermore, existing practice records total operational hours and main engine start data. Neither variable correspond to cyclic data. Improved accuracy of the mission profile will assist in drive-train component life limit assessment and critical inspection criteria. This paper will expand upon generation of a refined operation profile tailored to air cushion vehicle operation based upon service history, mission requirements and testing. C1 [Canilang, Benjamin; Hampshire, James] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Canilang, B (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 1061 EP 1068 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400103 ER PT B AU Shifler, D Hartranft, J Aprigliano, L Hoffman, D Grala, C Groghan, D AF Shifler, David Hartranft, John Aprigliano, Louis Hoffman, Donald Grala, Carl Groghan, Dan GP ASME TI USN Marine Gas Turbine Development Initiatives Part I: Advanced High Temperature Materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COATINGS AB In the 1950's and 1960's, the United States Navy (USN) embarked on an ambitious program to convert surface combatants from steam to gas turbine power. Navy unique engines were developed and commercial industrial engines were modified to meet the strenuous environments encountered by surface Navy ships. Ultimately, the best engines were found to be those developed from the aero-industry. However, those aero-derivative engines lacked shock hardness, vibration treatment and most importantly, they lacked the ability to survive long hours of operation in a heavy salt environment burning diesel and other poorer fuels. Those poorer fuels contained higher levels of sulfur and other chemical compounds that created a challenging environment for the aircraft engines. The aircraft engines were designed to burn much cleaner fuel with virtually no sea salt. As a result, early applications of those engines to Navy ships were disappointing. However, through aggressive materials development programs and extended endurance tests in a marine-like environment, engines including the Pratt and Whitney FT-4A and the General Electric LM2500 demonstrated themselves to be superior replacements for traditional Navy steam propulsion plants. The LM2500 eventually became the workhorse of the USN surface fleet and has proven to be an excellent engine. Nevertheless, as fuels become more costly and quality sometimes questionable, the Navy is interested in another leap forward. This leap is anticipated to again be based on aero-derivative engines, but will be focused on smaller, lighter, and more fuel efficient engines that will have the capability of burning the alternative fuels of the future. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is contemplating a comprehensive program of materials developments, Phase I, which will facilitate the marinization of the highly efficient gas turbine engines being developed in various Air Force and commercial engine development programs. Marinization issues could include improving the performance of ceramic matrix composites in a marine environment and minimizing the affects of higher temperatures on disc corrosion in the final stages of the compressor and in the hot-section. A Phase II program is also contemplated that will then develop a series of engines for various future USN applications based on the results of the Phase I Program. This paper will describe the programs that are being contemplated. C1 [Shifler, David; Hoffman, Donald] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shifler, D (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 1069 EP 1078 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400104 ER PT S AU Brown, L Joyce, P Lazzarro, A AF Brown, Lloyd Joyce, Peter Lazzarro, Andrea GP IEEE TI Mechanical and Material Properties of Metal Matrix Composite Conducting Alloys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS SE Electrical Contacts-IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts/25th International Conference on Electrical Contacts CY OCT 04-07, 2010 CL Charleston, SC SP IEEE DE metal matrix composite; functionally graded composite; conducting alloys; mechanical properties; material properties; resistivity AB The contact resistance and wear behavior of conducting contact surfaces is a function of hardness, applied load and material constituents. This paper presents mechanical and material properties of conducting alloys fabricated as functionally graded metal matrix composites (MMCs); in particular copper/tungsten, copper/tungsten-carbide, and bronze/tungsten-carbide. Tungsten and in particular tungsten-carbide reinforcing particles are attractive in this application for their high hardness and concomitant wear resistance. A brief overview of MMC production methods with accompanying tradeoffs is presented. Results of measured properties such as electrical resistivity, hardness, and density will be presented. Optical microscopy was used to measure the reinforcing particle distribution and volume fraction of constituents within the MMCs. The results of the microscopy analysis explain the property variations as a function of position within the casting. It was demonstrated that the rule of mixtures can be used to compute material properties as a function of particle volume fraction. Material properties of the MMCs are compared and contrasted with other conducting alloys. Significant improvement in hardness with relatively low reduction in base material conductivity was observed. C1 [Brown, Lloyd; Joyce, Peter; Lazzarro, Andrea] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM LBrown@usna.edu; PJoyce@usna.edu OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-6808 BN 978-1-4244-8177-4 J9 ELECTR CONTACT PY 2010 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTN73 UT WOS:000287418800070 ER PT J AU Kilic, O Mirotznik, MS Good, B AF Kilic, Ozlem Mirotznik, Mark S. Good, Brandon GP IEEE TI Bio-Inspired Optimization Techniques for the Design of Millimeter Wave Antireflective Surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB This paper presents the successful application of bio-inspired optimization algorithms to electromagnetics problems. The problem considered is the design of antireflective surfaces using sub-wavelength gratings periodically created inside the substrate. We apply the rigorous coupled wave analysis to model the reflection and transmission properties of the material and utilize bio-inspired optimization methods such as the particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization to determine the optimal parameters that achieve the desired performance. C1 [Kilic, Ozlem; Good, Brandon] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mirotznik, Mark S.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Kilic, O (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. EM kilic@cua.edu; mirotzni@mail.eecis.udel.edu; Brandon.good@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541702176 ER PT B AU Marshall, RE Wiss, VR Thornton, WD Horgan, KH AF Marshall, R. E. Wiss, V. R. Thornton, W. D. Horgan, K. H. GP IEEE TI MULT-WAVELENGTH RADAR PERFORMANCE MODELING DURING AN EXTREME CLEAR AIR PROPAGATION EVENT OVER THE PERSIAN GULF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC C1 [Marshall, R. E.; Wiss, V. R.; Thornton, W. D.; Horgan, K. H.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marshall, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 18444 Dahlgren Rd,Suite 330, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541701171 ER PT S AU Cheng, HP Cheng, JRC Hunter, RM Campbell, T Lin, HC AF Cheng, H. -P. Cheng, J. -R. C. Hunter, R. M. Campbell, T. Lin, H. -C. BE Topping, BHV Adam, JM Pallares, FJ Bru, R Romero, ML TI COSM: A Parallel Coupled Ocean Watershed Model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SE Civil-Comp Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 14-17, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE ESMF; DBuilder; model coupling; high performance computing; ADCIRC; pWASH123D AB This paper describes the development of a parallel, unstructured-mesh, coupled ocean-watershed model (COSM) designed for high resolution modelling within a high performance computing environment. The COSM model couples the pWASH123D model for simulation of water flow on the land with the ADCIRC model for storm induced ocean circulation and surge. These two models are coupled in a concurrent mode with time lagging using the Earth System Modelling Framework and the DBuilder toolkits. New techniques developed in this research include the coupling methodology and element searching algorithms used to combine the models. A simplified simulation of Biloxi Bay is used to demonstrate the capabilities and performance of COSM. C1 [Cheng, H. -P.; Cheng, J. -R. C.; Hunter, R. M.; Lin, H. -C.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Campbell, T.] Naval Res Lab, Bay St Louis, MS USA. RP Cheng, HP (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); System wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP); US Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was supported in part by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and in part by the System wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) of the US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1759-3433 BN 978-1-905088-41-6 J9 CIVIL-COMP PROCEED PY 2010 VL 94 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8LP UT WOS:000392420200014 ER PT J AU Molineaux, M Klenk, M Aha, DW AF Molineaux, Matt Klenk, Matthew Aha, David W. GP AAAI TI Goal-Driven Autonomy in a Navy Strategy Simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence AB Modern complex games and simulations pose many challenges for an intelligent agent, including partial observability, continuous time and effects, hostile opponents, and exogenous events. We present ARTUE (Autonomous Response to Unexpected Events), a domain-independent autonomous agent that dynamically reasons about what goals to pursue in response to unexpected circumstances in these types of environments. ARTUE integrates AI research in planning, environment monitoring, explanation, goal generation, and goal management. To explain our conceptualization of the problem ARTUE addresses, we present a new conceptual framework, goal-driven autonomy, for agents that reason about their goals. We evaluate ARTUE on scenarios in the TAO Sandbox, a Navy training simulation, and demonstrate its novel architecture, which includes components for Hierarchical Task Network planning, explanation, and goal management. Our evaluation shows that ARTUE can perform well in a complex environment and that each component is necessary and contributes to the performance of the integrated system. C1 [Molineaux, Matt] Knexus Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. [Klenk, Matthew; Aha, David W.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Molineaux, M (reprint author), Knexus Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. EM matthew.molineaux@knexusresearch.com; matthew.klenk.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA/IPTO; NRC postdoctoral fellowship FX Thanks to our reviewers. This work was sponsored by DARPA/IPTO. Thanks to PM Michael Cox for providing motivation and technical direction. Matthew Klenk is supported by an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA or the DoD. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 1548 EP 1554 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700246 ER PT S AU Choi, SR AF Choi, Sung R. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP Lamon, J Choi, SR Mahmoud, MM TI FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES AND MONOLITHIC SILICON NITRIDES SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; AMBIENT; SPHERES AB A series of foreign-object-damage (FOD) studies have been conducted on SiC/SiC and oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites and monolithic silicon nitrides. Targets with different configurations in size, geometry, and support were impacted by 1.59-mm diameter, spherical projectiles of steel, brass, or ceramic at a range of impact velocity of 50 to 440 m/s. FOD phenomena were assessed with impact variables particularly in terms of damage morphology and strength degradation. This paper presents a summary of the impact aspects observed from the composite and monolithic materials investigated to date. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92715-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 220 BP 221 EP 241 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BTR01 UT WOS:000287824000022 ER PT S AU Faucett, DC Alexander, DJ Choi, SR AF Faucett, David C. Alexander, Donald J. Choi, Sung R. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP Lamon, J Choi, SR Mahmoud, MM TI STATIC-CONTACT AND FOREIGN-OBJECT DAMAGES IN AN OXIDE/OXIDE (N720/ALUMINA) CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE: COMPARISON WITH AN720/ALUMINOSILICATE SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; AMBIENT; IMPACT AB Both static-indentation and foreign-object-damage testing was performed using an N720/alumina oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with 1.59 mm-diameter hardened chrome steel balls. Surface morphologies and cross-sections of both indent and impact sites were characterized and compared. Many features yielded a commonality in deformation, densification, and the mode of damage, despite some difference in severity of those features. The features exhibited by the N720/alumina composite were compared with those by an N720/aluminosilicate oxide/oxide composite determined previously. First-order, quasi-static impact force subjected to projectile impact was estimated based on the contact yield-pressure analysis together with the static indent data. C1 [Faucett, David C.; Alexander, Donald J.; Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Faucett, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92715-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 220 BP 243 EP 254 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BTR01 UT WOS:000287824000023 ER PT J AU Crowgey, BR Rothwell, EJ Kempel, LC Mokole, EL AF Crowgey, B. R. Rothwell, E. J. Kempel, L. C. Mokole, E. L. TI COMPARISON OF UWB SHORT-PULSE AND STEPPED-FREQUENCY RADAR SYSTEMS FOR IMAGING THROUGH BARRIERS SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article AB A canonical problem is used to investigate the effects of various radar parameters on the performance of both stepped-frequency and short-pulse through-barrier radar imaging systems. For simplicity, a two-dimensional problem is considered, consisting of a perfectly conducting strip located behind a lossy dielectric slab of infinite extent illuminated by line sources. To assess the impact of the parameters on system performance, radar received images of the target are created using the reflected field computed at several positions in front of the barrier and adjacent to the sources. Specific radar parameters considered include sample rate, A/D bit length, pulse width, and target SNR for a time-domain system. For a stepped-frequency system, A/D bit length, bandwidth, and target SNR are considered. C1 [Crowgey, B. R.; Rothwell, E. J.; Kempel, L. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mokole, E. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rothwell, EJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rothwell@egr.msu.edu OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2010 VL 110 BP 403 EP 419 DI 10.2528/PIER10091306 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 707ZN UT WOS:000286330200022 ER PT S AU Rizzo, A Difede, J Rothbaum, BO Reger, G Spitalnick, J Cukor, J Mclay, R AF Rizzo, Albert Skip Difede, JoAnn Rothbaum, Barbara O. Reger, Greg Spitalnick, Josh Cukor, Judith Mclay, Rob BE Barchas, JD Difede, J TI Development and early evaluation of the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan exposure therapy system for combat-related PTSD SO PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGIC ASPECTS OF WAR SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 89th Annual Conference of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease CY DEC 16, 2009 CL Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY HO Rockefeller Univ DE virtual reality; exposure therapy; PTSD; behavior therapy; veterans; service members; military; invisible wounds of war ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; VIETNAM VETERANS; REALITY; IRAQ; REHABILITATION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; ANXIETY; CARE; METAANALYSIS AB Numerous reports indicate that the growing incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in returning Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) military personnel is creating a significant health care and economic challenge. These findings have served to motivate research on how to better develop and disseminate evidence-based treatments for PTSD. Virtual reality-delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper will detail the development and early results from use of the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan exposure therapy system. The system consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. The process for gathering user-centered design feedback from returning OEF/OIF military personnel and from a system deployed in Iraq (as was needed to iteratively evolve the system) will be discussed, along with a brief summary of results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq with 20 treatment completers, which indicated that 16 no longer met PTSD checklist-military criteria for PTSD after treatment. C1 [Rizzo, Albert Skip] Univ So Calif, Dept Psychiat, Inst Creat Technol, Playa Vista, CA 90094 USA. [Rizzo, Albert Skip] Univ So Calif, Sch Gerontol, Playa Vista, CA 90094 USA. [Difede, JoAnn; Cukor, Judith] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Spitalnick, Josh] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Reger, Greg] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Mclay, Rob] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Univ So Calif, Dept Psychiat, Inst Creat Technol, 12015 Waterfront Dr, Playa Vista, CA 90094 USA. EM arizzo@usc.edu FU ONR; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command FX The project described here has been sponsored by the ONR; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; and U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command. Statements and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the United States Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-804-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05755.x PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BSK28 UT WOS:000284742000015 PM 20955333 ER PT J AU Macquart, JP Bailes, M Bhat, NDR Bower, GC Bunton, JD Chatterjee, S Colegate, T Cordes, JM D'Addario, L Deller, A Dodson, R Fender, R Haines, K Hall, P Harris, C Hotan, A Johnston, S Jones, DL Keith, M Koay, JY Lazio, TJW Majid, W Murphy, T Navarro, R Phillips, C Quinn, P Preston, RA Stansby, B Stairs, I Stappers, B Staveley-Smith, L Tingay, S Thompson, D van Straten, W Wagstaff, K Warren, M Wayth, R Wen, L AF Macquart, Jean-Pierre Bailes, M. Bhat, N. D. R. Bower, G. C. Bunton, J. D. Chatterjee, S. Colegate, T. Cordes, J. M. D'Addario, L. Deller, A. Dodson, R. Fender, R. Haines, K. Hall, P. Harris, C. Hotan, A. Johnston, S. Jones, D. L. Keith, M. Koay, J. Y. Lazio, T. J. W. Majid, W. Murphy, T. Navarro, R. Phillips, C. Quinn, P. Preston, R. A. Stansby, B. Stairs, I. Stappers, B. Staveley-Smith, L. Tingay, S. Thompson, D. van Straten, W. Wagstaff, K. Warren, M. Wayth, R. Wen, L. CA CRAFT Collaboration TI The Commensal Real-Time ASKAP Fast-Transients (CRAFT) Survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE gravitational waves; ISM: structure; scattering; surveys; techniques: radar astronomy ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GIANT PULSES; RADIO-BURSTS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; NEUTRON-STARS; BARYONS; INTERMITTENCY; TURBULENCE; SKY AB We are developing a purely commensal survey experiment for fast (<5 s) transient radio sources. Short-timescale transients are associated with the most energetic and brightest single events in the Universe. Our objective is to cover the enormous volume of transients parameter space made available by ASKAP, with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and field of view. Fast timescale transients open new vistas on the physics of high brightness temperature emission, extreme states of matter and the physics of strong gravitational fields. In addition, the detection of extragalactic objects affords us an entirely new and extremely sensitive probe on the huge reservoir of baryons present in the IGM. We outline here our approach to the considerable challenge involved in detecting fast transients, particularly the development of hardware fast enough to dedisperse and search the ASKAP data stream at or near real-time rates. Through CRAFT, ASKAP will provide the testbed of many of the key technologies and survey modes proposed for high time resolution science with the SKA. C1 [Macquart, Jean-Pierre; Colegate, T.; Hall, P.; Hotan, A.; Koay, J. Y.; Stansby, B.; Tingay, S.; Wayth, R.] ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Bailes, M.; van Straten, W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bunton, J. D.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Phillips, C.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Murphy, T.] Univ Sydney, SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [D'Addario, L.; Jones, D. L.; Majid, W.; Navarro, R.; Preston, R. A.; Thompson, D.; Wagstaff, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Deller, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Dodson, R.; Haines, K.; Harris, C.; Quinn, P.; Staveley-Smith, L.; Wen, L.] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Fender, R.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Fender, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lazio, T. J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stairs, I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Warren, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret Astrophys, Los Alamos, NM 87543 USA. RP Macquart, JP (reprint author), ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM j.macquart@curtin.edu.au RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; Colegate, Tim/B-5286-2013; Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Hall, Peter/B-8784-2013; Koay, Jun Yi /E-4952-2015; OI Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837; van Straten, Willem/0000-0003-2519-7375; Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Koay, Jun Yi /0000-0002-7029-6658; Harris, Christopher/0000-0001-5237-2250; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Murphy, Tara/0000-0002-2686-438X FU National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration FX This work was partly done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1071/AS09082 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 649TV UT WOS:000281797700007 ER PT S AU Baer, W AF Baer, Wolfgang BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Theoretical Discussion for Quantum Computation in Biological Systems SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Biological Quantum Computation; Cognitive Systems; Self-Measuring Universe AB Analysis of the brain as a physical system, that has the capacity of generating a display of every day observed experiences and contains some knowledge of the physical reality which stimulates those experiences, suggests the brain executes a self-measurement process described by quantum theory. Assuming physical reality is a universe of interacting self-measurement loops, we present a model of space as a field of cells executing such self-measurement activities. Empty space is the observable associated with the measurement of this field when the mass and charge density defining the material aspect of the cells satisfy the least action principle. Content is the observable associated with the measurement of the quantum wave function. interpreted as mass-charge displacements. The illusion of space and its content incorporated into cognitive biological systems is evidence of self-measurement activity that can be associated with quantum operations. C1 USN, Dep Informat Sci Code IS, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Dep Informat Sci Code IS, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Baer@nps.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 77020W DI 10.1117/12.850843 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700028 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Parks, AD AF Gray, John E. Parks, Allen D. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Noise from the Perspective of Weak Values SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Khinchin's theorem; measurement; quantum mechanics; noise AB Ideas from classical signal analysis and Khinchin's theorem suggest a different way to think about signals and quantum mechanics so that probability and noise are both treated in the same manner. This suggest connections between ideas of receivers and the Von Neuman theory of measurement. Weak values are connected to these ideas C1 [Gray, John E.; Parks, Allen D.] USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Code Q-23,18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 328, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 77020P DI 10.1117/12.850671 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700021 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum interferometer and radar theory based on N00N, M and M or linear combinations of entangled states SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum radar; quantum sensors; super resolution; super sensitivity; quantum entanglement; quantum metrology; quantum imaging; N00N states; M and M states; quantum interferometer AB With the goal in mind of designing radars, interferometers and other sensors based on quantum entanglement the virtues of N00N states, plain M and M states (PMMSs) and linear combinations of M and M states (LCMMS) are considered. A derivation of the closed form expression for the detection operator that is optimal subject to constraints is provided. The raising and lowering properties of the detection operator and its square are developed. The expectations of the optimal detection operator and its square are derived. The expression for the visibility, the maximum expectation of the optimal detection operator, is developed. From the expectation of the square of the detection operator and the visibility, the phase error and the minimum phase error for the detection operator are derived. The optimal resolution for the maximum visibility and minimum phase error are found. For the visibility, comparisons between PMMSs, LCMMS and N00N states are provided. For the minimum phase error comparisons between LCMMS, PMMSs, N00N states, separate photon states (SPSs), the shot noise limit (SNL), and the Heisenberg limit (HL) are provided. A representative collection of computational results illustrating the superiority of LCMMS when compared to PMMSs and N00N states is given. It is found for a resolution 12 times the classical result LCMMS has visibility 11 times that of N00N states and four times that of PMMSs. For the same case, the minimum phase error for LCMMS is 10.7 times smaller than that of PMMS and 29.7 times smaller than that of N00N states. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 77020I DI 10.1117/12.849810 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700015 ER PT J AU Nathan, TR Hodyss, D AF Nathan, Terrence R. Hodyss, Daniel TI Troposphere-stratosphere communication through local vertical waveguides SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Rossby wave; Charney-Drazin condition; ray tracing; WKB method ID PLANETARY ROSSBY WAVES; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; ENSTROPHY AB The effects of zonally non-uniform background flow on the three-dimensional propagation of extratropical Rossby waves are examined using the WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) formalism. Emphasis is placed on the vertical propagation of wave activity. An extended Charney-Drazin (CD) condition that is valid for zonally non-uniform background flow is derived. The extended CD condition shows that local vertical propagation (trapping) is possible for wave scales for which the traditional CD condition predicts trapping (propagation). Local vertical propagation is shown to be strongly dependent on the phasing of the wave source relative to the background flow. Specifically, in zonally non-uniform background flow, vertical propagation is confined to local vertical waveguides whose formation is controlled by the orientation of the background wind relative to the wave fronts. Within the waveguide, vertical propagation is optimized when the disturbance wind field is parallel to the background potential vorticity gradient. As the wave packets move from the tropospheric source into the stratosphere they expand in zonal scale. The implications of these results to stratospheric sudden warmings are discussed. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Nathan, Terrence R.] Univ Calif Davis, Atmospher Sci Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nathan, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Atmospher Sci Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM trnathan@ucdavis.edu RI Nathan, Terrence/F-5958-2011 FU NSF [ATM-0733698]; NASA [LWS04-0025-0108, NNH08A167IS]; Naval Research laboratory (NRL); Office for Naval Research (ONR) [0601153N] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments on the manuscript. The authors also thank Oliver Buhler, John Albers, Dustin Grogan and Stephen Santilena for their comments on this work. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0733698 and NASA's Living with a Star, Targeted Research and Technology Program, Grant LWS04-0025-0108 and Grant NNH08A167IS. D. Hodyss was sponsored by the Naval Research laboratory (NRL) and the Office for Naval Research (ONR) under program element 0601153N. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 646 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1002/qj.532 PN A PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 576PF UT WOS:000276156500003 ER PT J AU Anwender, D Jones, SC Leutbecher, M Harr, PA AF Anwender, Doris Jones, Sarah C. Leutbecher, Martin Harr, Patrick A. TI Sensitivity experiments for ensemble forecasts of the extratropical transition of typhoon Tokage (2004) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble prediction; tropical cyclone ID PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; SINGULAR VECTORS; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PREDICTABILITY; FLOW; REPRESENTATION; UNCERTAINTIES; MODEL AB The extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones often has a detrimental impact on predictability in the vicinity of the event and downstream. Ensemble forecasts provide an appropriate means by which to investigate both the uncertainty and the dynamical development leading to the different ET scenarios. Sensitivity experiments are presented using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EPS) to investigate different methods of perturbing the ensemble forecast of the ET of Typhoon Tokage (2004). During ET these perturbations have a notable impact on the ensemble spread representing the uncertainty. Three experiments were performed: one of them without singular vectors (SVs) targeted on the tropical cyclone, the second without stochastic physics and the third excluding both perturbation methods. The targeted perturbations are most important for sufficient spread in track and intensity. Without the targeted perturbations, the analysis is not contained within the ensemble spread. Stochastic physics leads to stronger reintensification of the ensemble members after ET. The higher track spread leads to higher variability in processes such as lower tropospheric latent heat release. This can be related to a higher spread in the upper-level midlatitude flow for both perturbation methods. A connection is drawn between the strength of ET and the modification of the downstream midlatitude flow pattern. The uncertainty due to the targeted perturbations propagates downstream with a Rossby wave train excited during Tokage's ET. For the case of stochastic physics, the uncertainty spreads to the ridge directly downstream of the ET system but is not evident further downstream. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Anwender, Doris] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Leutbecher, Martin] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Harr, Patrick A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Anwender, D (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM doris.anwender@imk.uka.de RI Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013 FU Office of Naval Research; Marine Meteorology Program FX This study was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program. Acknowledgment is made for the use of ECMWE's computing and archive facilities through the special project 'The impact of tropical cyclones on extratropical predictability'. We are grateful to Carsten Maass and his colleagues at ECMWF user support for their help in setting up the experiments with the ECMWF model. We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and thorough reviews. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 646 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1002/qj.527 PN A PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 576PF UT WOS:000276156500017 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Schubert, WH Fulton, SR McNoldy, BD AF Hendricks, E. A. Schubert, W. H. Fulton, S. R. McNoldy, B. D. TI Spontaneous-adjustment emission of inertia-gravity waves by unsteady vortical motion in the hurricane core SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; IGW; inner-core potential vorticty; vortex intensification ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; ELLIPTIC VORTEX; CYCLONE; FLOWS; RADIATION; EYEWALL; BALANCE; EYE AB Spontaneous-adjustment emission of inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) from unsteady vortical motion in the hurricane core is further examined. An idealized divergent barotropic model simulation is conducted in an unforced framework using a highly asymmetric potential vorticity (PV) field, consisting of an offset monopole embedded in an elliptically shaped ring, which is motivated by concentric eyewalls that were observed in the inner core of hurricane Ivan (2004). The simulation proceeds in two phases. The first phase is marked primarily by inner-core potential vorticity (PV) mixing and rearrangement as the monopole interacts with the ring, however axisymmetrization does not occur. This leads to a second phase characterized by a prolonged (lasting at least 36 h) period of spontaneous-adjustment emission of IGWs to the environment. During the spontaneous-adjustment phase, unsteady vortical motion acts as an IGW source, constraining the frequency and radial wavenumber of the waves. Diagnostics of this simulation reveal two important conclusions. First, the spontaneous radiation of IGWs is insignificant for vortex intensification or decay; rather, PV mixing in the early portion was more important. Secondly, using a non-divergent barotropic model simulation of the same configuration and idealized simulations, we demonstrate that non-axisymmetrization in this case-study is caused primarily by PV (Rossby wave) dynamics, with the Rossby-IGW instability only playing a minor role. These results support the existence of a slow quasi-manifold with exponentially small fuzziness at small Froude and large Rossby numbers. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Hendricks, E. A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Schubert, W. H.; McNoldy, B. D.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fulton, S. R.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NSF [ATM-0332197, ATM-0530884, ATM-0833032, ATM-0837932]; NASA/TCSP [NNG06GA54G] FX This research was supported by NSF grants ATM-0332197, ATM-0530884, ATM-0833032, and ATM-0837932, and by NASA/TCSP grant NNG06GA54G. This research was performed in part while EH was a PhD student at Colorado State University and while he held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 647 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1002/qj.547 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585EB UT WOS:000276806000020 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Smith, RK AF Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. TI On an analytical model for the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE vortex dynamics; vertical momentum equation; thermodynamic equation ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HURRICANE; MAINTENANCE; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; EYE AB Stimulated by recent developments in understanding tropical cyclones, we offer an evaluation of an analytical model that has been proposed to explain the rapid intensification of these storms. We articulate a number of concerns with this model, including the neglect of both the vertical momentum equation and the thermodynamic equation, and conclude that it falls a little short of achieving its stated aims. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; US Naval Postgraduate School; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NSF [ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) FX This paper was written during the authors' attendance at the IAMAS/IAPSO MOCA conference in Montreal in July 2009. We thank Kerry Emanuel for his review of our manuscript and for encouraging us to include the summary of mathematical steps. MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research and from the US Naval Postgraduate School, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and NSF ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946 and ATM-0715426. RKS acknowledges financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 647 BP 549 EP 551 DI 10.1002/qj.573 PN B PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585EB UT WOS:000276806000021 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, John E. Addison, Stephen R. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI The Rayleigh Problem is Everywhere! SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIV CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE characteristic function; non-linear transformation; phase noise; Raleigh problem ID VARIABLE TRANSFORMATION THEOREM AB In this work, we discuss a variety of problems that can be cast as specific instances of the superposition of random amplitudes times random phase functions, the Rayleigh problem. A wide number of problems that occur in sensor domain are equivalent to specific instances of this problem. Using characteristic functions, it is possible to determine how to mathematically characterize the probability density function or equivalently the characteristic function for the general Rayleigh problem. C1 [Gray, John E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, 18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 328,Code Q-23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8133-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7669 AR 76690G DI 10.1117/12.850670 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BSP49 UT WOS:000285291000013 ER PT S AU Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Davis, J Giuliani, JG AF Dasgupta, A. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Giuliani, J. G. BE Chaudhuri, RK Mekkaden, MV Raveendran, AV Narayanan, AS TI X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical and Laboratory Z-pinch Plasmas SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SPECTROSCOPY: THEORETICAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Advances in Spectroscopy - Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory, Bangalore, INDIA HO Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; SELENIUM AB In recent years, there have been significant advances in instrumental capabilities for making X-ray spectroscopic measurements of astrophysical plasmas. There have been corresponding improvements in X-ray diagnostics for advanced multi-mega-ampere pulse power machines which produce increasingly large radiative yields from gas-puff and wire array Z pinch plasmas. Analysis used for Z pinches can be used to study ICF and also astrophysical plasmas where laboratory measurements and simulations are the only means to interpret observed data. The astrophysical data for Fe, the most cosmically abundant high Z element, can provide a wealth of information about cosmic plasmas. Fe is also the key element in stainless steel (SS) wire arrays that are investigated as an intensive X-ray radiation source at the Z machine in the US Sandia National Laboratories. The implosion dynamics of an array of SS wires on the Z and/or refurbished Z (ZR) accelerator produces an abundance of radiation from the K- and L-shell ionization stages. These dynamic plasmas are inherently non-LTE, with opacity and other factors influencing the X-ray output. As the plasma assembles on axis, a number of time resolved snapshots provide temperature and density profiles and map the emitting region. We will analyze the ionization dynamics and generate K- and L-shell spectra using the conditions generated in the Z and/or ZR, described by a 1-D non-LTE radiation hydrodynamics model. Diagnostics based on spectral shape of L-shell emissions are inherently more difficult than those based on K-shell emissions because of more complex multiplet structures and line overlaps. The non-LTE populations are obtained using detailed atomic models that include all important excitation, ionization, and recombination processes. We will highlight the connection between laboratory Z-pinch plasma simulations and astrophysical plasmas. C1 [Dasgupta, A.; Davis, J.; Giuliani, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, R. W.] Berkeley Res Assoc, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dasgupta@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil FU US Department of Energy/ NNSA FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy/ NNSA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-10321-6 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_2 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPU05 UT WOS:000279938400002 ER PT S AU Love, CT Johannes, MD Swider-Lyons, KE AF Love, C. T. Johannes, M. D. Swider-Lyons, K. E. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI Thermal Stability of Delithiated Al-Substituted LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathodes SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery ID LITHIUM ION BATTERIES; METAL-OXIDE CATHODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; LI; LI(NI0.8CO0.15AL0.05)O-2; LI(NI1/3CO1/3MN1/3)O-2; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; REACTIVITY AB The thermal stability of a layered transition metal oxide with complete Al-substitution, Li1-xNi1/3Co1/3Al1/3O2 (NCA(1/3)), is studied in comparison to its better understood analogue, Li1-xNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM), to elucidate information critical to the safety of lithium-ion battery materials. NCA(1/3) and NCM have crystalline structures with the R-3m space group by synthesis at high temperature from coprecipitate precursors. The specific capacities for NCA(1/3) and NCM are 115 mAh/g and 180 mAh/g when cycled within 2.5-4.5 V. The delithiated compounds maintained their R-3m structure, although this structure is lost after annealing to 750 degrees C. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry data confirms the loss of oxygen at 271 degrees C and 292 degrees C for NCM and NCA(1/3) delithiated to 4.4 V, respectively. The heat generation reaction of delithiated NCM is 91.7 J/g compared to just 10.5 J/g for NCA(1/3). The improved thermal stability offered by NCA(1/3) is attributed to its low Li+ capacity due to the substitution of Al3+ for Mn4+ and its low heat of reaction due to the stability of the intermediate crystalline phases during delithiation and annealing. C1 [Love, C. T.; Johannes, M. D.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1149/1.3393859 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900024 ER PT S AU Beard, RL AF Beard, R. L. BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Overview of current precision clocks and future prospects SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn AB Today's time and frequency standards range from the most sophisticated reference standards to the smallest oscillator for handheld radios. The technical requirements and technologies needed are different for the various applications but they derive from similar physical concepts. These different technologies can be categorized into four major areas, reference standards, mobile systems, man-portable (handheld) and space systems. These areas are the core areas of time and frequency standard applications and different areas of technology are needed to address them. This presentation discusses the time and frequency standards used or available for these areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beard, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990196 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700013 ER PT S AU Hennessy, GS Gaume, R AF Hennessy, Gregory S. Gaume, Ralph BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Space astrometry with the Joint Milliarcsecond Astrometry Pathfinder SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn DE astrometry; space vehicles; catalogs; surveys AB The Joint Milliarcsecond Astrometry Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS) is a small, space-based, all sky, visible wavelength, astrometric and photometric survey mission for 0(th) through 14(th) I-band magnitude stars with a planned 2013 launch. The primary objective of the JMAPS mission is the generation of an astrometric star catalog with 1 milliarcsecond (mas) positional accuracy or better and photometry to the 1% accuracy level or better at 1(st) to 1.2(th) mag. A 1-mas all sky survey will have a significant impact on our current understanding of galactic and stellar astrophysics. JMAPS will improve our understanding of the origins of nearby young stars, provide insight into the dynamics of star formation regions and associations, investigate the dynamics and membership of nearby open clusters. C1 [Hennessy, Gregory S.; Gaume, Ralph] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hennessy, GS (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM gsh@usno.navy.mil; rgaume@usno.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990640 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700058 ER PT S AU Lucke, RL Corson, M McGlothlin, NR Butcher, SD Wood, DL AF Lucke, R. L. Corson, M. McGlothlin, N. R. Butcher, S. D. Wood, D. L. BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO): Fast Build for the ISS SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering III CY AUG 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DESIGN AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is the only spaceborne hyperspectral sensor designed for characterization of the coastal maritime environment. It was taken from a set of written requirements to a complete hardware package ready for spacecraft-level testing in 16 months. It had to meet NASA's safety requirements for the ISS. A means of directing the sensor's line of sight to off-nadir directions was essential. Construction of HICO was made possible by extensive use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, with minor modifications for spaceflight/vacuum conditions where necessary. Efficient engineering combined these components into a complete system that met all requirements. C1 [Lucke, R. L.; Corson, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-309-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7813 AR 78130D DI 10.1117/12.871889 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BSU53 UT WOS:000285828600010 ER PT J AU Doyle, JG Chapman, S Bryans, P Perez-Suarez, D Singh, A Summers, H Savin, DW AF Doyle, John Gerard Chapman, Steven Bryans, Paul Perez-Suarez, David Singh, Avninda Summers, Hugh Savin, Daniel Wolf TI Deriving the coronal hole electron temperature: electron density dependent ionization recombination considerations SO RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line: formation; Sun: activity ID QUIET-SUN; SOLAR; BALANCE AB Comparison of appropriate theoretically derived line ratios with observational data can yield estimates of a plasma's physical parameters, such as electron density or temperature. The usual practice in the calculation of the line ratio is the assumption of excitation by electrons/protons followed by radiative decay. Furthermore, it is normal to use the so-called coronal approximation, i.e. one only considers ionization and recombination to and from the ground-state. A more accurate treatment is to include ionization/recombination to and from metastable levels. Here, we apply this to two lines from adjacent ionization stages, Mg IX 368 angstrom and Mg X 625 angstrom, which has been shown to be a very useful temperature diagnostic. At densities typical of coronal hole conditions, the difference between the electron temperature derived assuming the zero density limit compared with the electron density dependent ionization/recombination is small. This, however, is not the case for flares where the electron density is orders of magnitude larger. The derived temperature for the coronal hole at solar maximum is around 1.04 MK compared to just below 0.82 MK at solar minimum. C1 [Doyle, John Gerard; Perez-Suarez, David; Singh, Avninda] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Chapman, Steven] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Bryans, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bryans, Paul] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. [Singh, Avninda] Univ Delhi, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Coll, Dept Phys & Elect, Delhi 110007, India. [Summers, Hugh] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Savin, Daniel Wolf] Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Doyle, JG (reprint author), Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. EM jgd@arm.ac.uk RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012; OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; Bryans, Paul/0000-0001-5681-9689 FU Northern Ireland Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F001843/1] FX Research at the Armagh Observatory is grant-aided by the Northern Ireland Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure. We thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council for support via ST/F001843/1. SOHO is a mission of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. PB was supported in part by the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics Supporting Research and Technology program. We thank A. Whiteford for his guidance on using ADAS. JGD thanks the International Space Science Institute, Bern for the support of the team "Small-scale transient phenomena and their contribution to coronal heating." NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES, CHIN ACAD SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA 20A DATUN RD, CHAOYANG, BEIJING, 100012, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-4527 J9 RES ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Res. Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 548ZU UT WOS:000274010300008 ER PT J AU McNelley, TR AF McNelley, T. R. TI Friction stir processing (FSP): refining microstructures and improving properties SO REVISTA DE METALURGIA LA English DT Article DE Friction stir processing; Grain refinement; Homogenization; Mechanical properties; Superplasticity AB FSP is reviewed as an allied technology of friction stir welding (FSW) and additional considerations such as processing pattern and step over distance are introduced. The application of FSP to continuously cast AA5083 material in the as-cast condition is described and the extent of grain refinement and homogenization of microstructure is documented. The FSP-induced superplastic response of this material is compared to the response of conventionally processed AA5083 and the improved ductility of the FSP material is related to grain refinement and microstructure homogenization. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu FU University of Texas - Austin; General Motors Corporation; US Office of Naval Research FX Financial support for this investigation was provided by the University of Texas - Austin (Prof Eric Taleff) and General Motors Corporation (Dr Paul Krajewski), and by the US Office of Naval Research (Drs. Julie Christodoulou and William Mullins). NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENIM PI MADRID PA AVDA. GREGORIO DEL AMO, 8, 28040 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0034-8570 J9 REV METAL MADRID JI Rev. Metal. PY 2010 VL 46 SI SI BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.3989/revmetalmadrid.19XIIPMS PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA V27JS UT WOS:000208610100022 ER PT J AU Elleman, BA AF Elleman, Bruce A. TI Two Suns in the Heavens: The Sino-Soviet Struggle for Supremacy, 1962-1967 SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Elleman, Bruce A.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Elleman, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 BP 175 EP 176 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 544OZ UT WOS:000273669100041 ER PT B AU Turk, JT Mostovoy, GV Anantharaj, V AF Turk, Joseph T. Mostovoy, Georgy V. Anantharaj, Valentine BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI The NRL-Blend High Resolution Precipitation Product and its Application to Land Surface Hydrology SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Satellite; Microwave; Surface; Model; Hydrology; GPM ID REAL-TIME; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; VEGETATION; MODELS AB In this chapter, we discuss the basic workings of the NRL-Blend high-resolution precipitation product, followed by a validation experiment. We employ satellite omissions to the existing (late 2008) constellation of low Earth orbiting satellite platforms to examine the impact of several proxy Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) satellite constellation configurations when used to initialize land Surface models (LSM). The emphasis is on how high resolution precipitation products such as the NRL-Blend are affected by such factors as sensor type (conical or across-track scanning) and nodal crossing time, using a collection of GPM proxy datasets gathered over the continental United States. We present results which examine how soil moisture states simulated by the two state-of-the-art land surface models are impacted when forced with the various precipitation datasets, each corresponding to a different proxy GPM constellation configuration. C1 [Turk, Joseph T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Turk, Joseph T.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mostovoy, Georgy V.; Anantharaj, Valentine] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Turk, JT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn 334, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jturk@jpl.nasa.gov; mostovoi@gri.msstate.edu; val@ERC.MsState.Edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 85 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900006 ER PT S AU Youn, P Adida, B Bond, M Clulow, J Herzog, J Lin, A Rivest, RL Anderson, R AF Youn, Paul Adida, Ben Bond, Mike Clulow, Jolyon Herzog, Jonathan Lin, Amerson Rivest, Ronald L. Anderson, Ross BE Christianson, B Crispo, B Malcolm, JA Roe, M TI Robbing the Bank with a Theorem Prover (Abstract) SO SECURITY PROTOCOLS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Security Protocols CY APR 18-20, 2007 CL Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC C1 [Youn, Paul] Oracle Corp, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. [Adida, Ben] Harvard Univ, Ctr Res Computat & Society, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bond, Mike; Clulow, Jolyon; Anderson, Ross] Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Herzog, Jonathan] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Lin, Amerson; Rivest, Ronald L.] MIT, Comp Sci &Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Youn, P (reprint author), Oracle Corp, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17772-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 5964 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUE61 UT WOS:000289051200021 ER PT J AU Velazquez, ACS AF Velazquez, Arturo C. Sotomayor TI Why Some States Participate in UN Peace Missions While Others Do Not: An Analysis of Civil-Military Relations and Its Effects on Latin America's Contributions to Peacekeeping Operations SO SECURITY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-ORGANIZATIONS; DEMOCRATIZATION; INTERVENE AB Why do some states deploy troops to support UN missions while others do not? Although short from war, peacekeeping entails a military dimension of foreign policy in which uniformed personnel is deployed to accomplish diplomatic and political means. As such, decisions to commit troops to UN operations must have the implicit support of the armed forces in order to take place. Yet, military backing for peacekeeping participation is not universal; some military institutions are more willing to join such missions than others. This article accounts for variations in terms of peacekeeping commitments by focusing on security doctrines and the degree of integration between military and foreign policy roles. It hypothesizes that countries with externally oriented doctrines and integrated foreign and defense policies are more likely to commit troops to the UN than countries with national security doctrines and segregated military and foreign policy roles. Using evidence from the Latin American region, the paper suggests that the decision to engage in UN operations is the result of doctrinal policies and bureaucratic infighting. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Velazquez, ACS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0963-6412 J9 SECUR STUD JI Secur. Stud. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 160 EP 195 DI 10.1080/09636410903546822 PG 36 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 576SO UT WOS:000276168900007 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Anderson, TJ Hobart, KD Jernigan, GG Culbertson, JC Kub, FJ Tedesco, JL Hite, JK Mastro, MA Tadjer, MJ Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Gaskill, DK AF Caldwell, J. D. Anderson, T. J. Hobart, K. D. Jernigan, G. G. Culbertson, J. C. Kub, F. J. Tedesco, J. L. Hite, J. K. Mastro, M. A. Tadjer, M. J. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Campbell, P. M. Gaskill, D. K. BE Colinge, C Baumgart, H Moriceau, H Bagdahn, J Hobart, KD Suga, T TI Techniques for the Dry Transfer of Epitaxial Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING 11: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS - IN HONOR OF ULRICH GOSELE SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding 11 - Science, Technology, and Applications - In Honor of Ulrich Gosele Held During the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon ID RAMAN; GRAPHITE; FILMS AB Graphene can be formed via a variety of methods, each providing various benefits. Epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on the carbon-face of SiC has been shown to exhibit high carrier mobilities, in comparison to other growth techniques, while remaining amenable to wafer-scale graphene fabrication. Therefore, the transfer of large area (>mm(2)) graphene films to substrates amenable for specific applications is desirable. We demonstrate the dry transfer of EG from the C-face of 4H-SiC onto SiO2, GaN and Al2O3 substrates via two approaches using either 1) thermal release tape, 2) a PMMA/thermal release tape bilayer or 3) a spin-on, chemically-etchable dielectric. We will report on the impact that these transfer processes has upon the electrical properties of the transferred EG films. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Anderson, T. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Jernigan, G. G.; Culbertson, J. C.; Kub, F. J.; Tedesco, J. L.; Hite, J. K.; Mastro, M. A.; Tadjer, M. J.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Campbell, P. M.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-173-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1149/1.3483506 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDK79 UT WOS:000313616900018 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Adams, AA Howell, PB Trammell, SA Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, Paul T. Adams, Andre A. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Trammell, Scott A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Kusterbeck, Anne W. TI Fluorescence-based Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Using a Multi-channeled Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Microimmunosensor SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE TNT; immunosensor; fluorescence; PMMA; microchannel; antibody ID REVERSED-DISPLACEMENT IMMUNOSENSOR; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; TRACE-LEVEL DETECTION; FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; EXPLOSIVES; FABRICATION; TRINITROTOLUENE; IMMUNOASSAYS; PRODUCTS; SEAWATER AB Fluorescence immunoassays employing monoclonal antibodies directed against the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were conducted in a multi-channel microimmunosensor. The multi-channel microimmunosensor was prepared in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) via hot embossing from a brass molding tool. The multi-channeled microfluidic device was sol-gel coated to generate a siloxane surface that provided a scaffold for antibody immobilization. AlexaFluor-cadaverine-trinitrobenzene (AlexaFluor-Cad- TNB) was used as the reporter molecule in a displacement immunoassay. The limit of detection was 1-10 ng/mL (ppb) with a linear dynamic range that covered three orders of magnitude. In addition, antibody crossreactivity was investigated using hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), HMX, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) and 2-amino-4,6-DNT. C1 [Charles, Paul T.; Adams, Andre A.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Trammell, Scott A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.charles@nrl.navy.mil; andre.adams@nrl.navy.mil; peter.howell@nrl.navy.mil; scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil; jeff.deschamps@nrl.navy.mil; anne.kusterbeck@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X FU NRL/Office of Naval Research [69-6189-0-0-5] FX This work was funded in part by the NRL/Office of Naval Research under Project # 69-6189-0-0-5 titled "Bio/Chemical Sensors for Underwater Threat Detection". The authors would like to acknowledge the helpful advice of George Anderson and Lisa Shriver-Lake. The authors would like to thank Al Hanson and Scott Veitch (SubChem Systems, Inc.) for acquiring seawater from Narragansett Bay. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US Government. The authors declare no competing interests. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 24 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 876 EP 889 DI 10.3390/s100100876 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 548WI UT WOS:000273999800051 PM 22315573 ER PT S AU Chaum, E AF Chaum, E. BE Carapezza, EM TI Port Information Exchange and Response Services (PIERS) SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE maritime security; information sharing; critical infrastructure protection; interagency; emergency management; SOPES AB Currently, ships and crews in port interact with local authorities, and other ships, through standard routine and emergency radio and phone connections. Not withstanding the US Coast Guard National Response Center and its online incident reporting service, there is currently no standardized two-way digital communications between ships and local authorities for the purpose of local real-time information sharing and coordination. In the context of maritime port operations we are exploring the PIERS concept, a digital in port information sharing service to enable a ship's crew to effectively operate with the port authority and, should the need arise, with emergency response teams. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chaum, E (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM erik.chaum@navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76661P DI 10.1117/12.854683 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900033 ER PT S AU Delehanty, JB Bradburne, CE Boeneman, K Susumu, K Mei, BC Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H Huston, A Medintz, IL AF Delehanty, James B. Bradburne, Christopher E. Boeneman, Kelly Susumu, Kimihiro Mei, Bing C. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi Huston, Alan Medintz, Igor L. BE Carapezza, EM TI Quantum Dots in Life Sciences: Applications, Benefits and Safety Issues SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nanoassemblies; cell-penetrating peptide; cationic liposomes; polymer; quantum dots; endocytosis; endosomal escape AB Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) possess several unique optical and spectroscopic properties including high quantum yields, broad absorption spectra coupled to narrow symmetric, size-tunable emissions allowing large achievable Stokes shifts, and exceptional resistance to photo- and chemical degradation. These properties make QDs unique enabling materials for the development of the next generation of highly efficient biosensors for health security applications, particularly within the context of living and fixed cells. Paramount in this developmental process is addressing the biocompatibility of the QD materials. We are developing robust and facile delivery schemes for the selective intracellular delivery of QD-based nanoassemblies. These schemes are based upon the self-assembly and subsequent cellular uptake of QD-peptide and QD-polymer bioconjugates. Cellular delivery experiments utilizing both delivery schemes will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be discussed, including the intracellular fate and stability of the QD-nanoassemblies. C1 [Delehanty, James B.; Bradburne, Christopher E.; Boeneman, Kelly; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 766619 DI 10.1117/12.853121 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900023 ER PT S AU Leski, TA Gregory, MJ Malanoski, AP Smith, JP Glaven, RH Wang, Z Stenger, DA Lin, B AF Leski, T. A. Gregory, M. J. Malanoski, A. P. Smith, J. P. Glaven, R. H. Wang, Z. Stenger, D. A. Lin, B. BE Carapezza, EM TI Analysis of Dust samples from the Middle East Using High Density Resequencing Microarray "RPM-TEI" SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE resequencing microarray; Tropical and Emerging infections; biothreat agents; airborne dust; length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) ID CHARACTERIZING MINERAL DUSTS; AL-ESKAN-DISEASE; DNA MICROARRAYS; Q-FEVER; ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; DIRTY DUST; IDENTIFICATION; AEROSOLS; AGENTS; ARRAY AB A previously developed resequencing microarray, "Tropical and Emerging Infections (RPM-TEI v. 1.0 chip)", designed to identify and discriminate between tropical diseases and other potential biothreat agents, their near-neighbor species, and/or potential confounders, was used to characterize the microbes present in the silt/clay fraction of surface soils and airborne dust collected from the Middle East. Local populations and U. S. military personnel deployed to the Middle East are regularly subjected to high levels of airborne desert dust containing a significant fraction of inhalable particles and some portion require clinical aid. Not all of the clinical symptoms can be directly attributed to the physical action of material in the human respiratory tract. To better understand the potential health effects of the airborne dust, the composition of the microbial communities associated with surface soil and/or airborne dust (air filter) samples from 19 different sites in Iraq and Kuwait was identified using RPM-TEI v. 1.0. Results indicated that several microorganisms including a class of rapidly growing Mycobacterium, Bacillus, Brucella, Clostridium and Coxiella burnetti, were present in the samples. The presence of these organisms in the surface soils and the inhalable fraction of airborne dust analyzed may pose a human health risk and warrants further investigation. Better understanding of the factors influencing the composition of these microbial communities is important to address questions related to human health and is critical to achieving Force Health Protection for the Warfighter operating in the Middle East, Afghanistan, North Africa and other arid regions. C1 [Leski, T. A.; Gregory, M. J.; Malanoski, A. P.; Glaven, R. H.; Wang, Z.; Stenger, D. A.; Lin, B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leski, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76661E DI 10.1117/12.853119 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900026 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Effect of atmosphere on free-space optical communication networks for border patrol SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Free-space optics; MODTRAN; low light level cameras AB Free-space optics (FSO) communication links for relaying video from cameras are investigated in relation to atmospheric attenuation. Through MODTRAN-based modeling of transmission bands across the NIR to MWIR (1.5-4.2 mu m) portion of the infrared spectrum in atmospheric conditions including clear maritime, desert extinction, and various levels of rain and fog, we seek to identify which wavelength ranges are the most practical for minimizing transmission losses in both ideal and unfavorable conditions. Atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are investigated for various FSO configurations and atmospheric conditions to determine incident beam power required for successful data transmission in view of a 2 km FSO link at various path elevation angles from the horizon. In addition, FSO transmitter and receiver circuits were designed to optically relay an analog video signal at IR wavelengths. Using advanced tunable laser sources to provide illumination across wavelength ranges from visible to mid-wave infrared, it should be possible to overcome transmission limitations associated with adverse weather and atmospheric conditions for communication networks to benefit border protection. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 766609 DI 10.1117/12.851790 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900008 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Oliver, A Harmon, HJ AF Johnson, Brandy J. Oliver, Amanda Harmon, H. James BE Ram, MK Bhethanabotla, VR TI Reversible Inhibition of Enzymes for Optical Detection of Chemical Analytes SO SENSORS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS; REAGENT-LESS DETECTION; PROTEIN-PURIFICATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS; COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CHOLINESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oliver, Amanda] No Oklahoma Coll, Dept Math Sci & Engn, Stillwater, OK USA. [Harmon, H. James] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3366-8 PY 2010 BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.1201/9781420005042-c12 D2 10.1201/9781420005042-f PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BTA87 UT WOS:000286312500013 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Waddle, AN AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Waddle, Ashley N. TI Solubilization of Nitroaromatic Compounds from Multi-Component Mixtures into Nonionic Surfactant Micellar Solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dinitrotoluene; MSR; solubility; trinitrotoluene ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; COMPETITIVE SOLUBILIZATION; STEROID-HORMONES; WATER; HYDROCARBONS; CHOLESTEROL; PHOTOLYSIS; ESTROGENS; BEHAVIOR; BENZENE AB This study investigated the solubilization of 2-component and 3-component mixtures of 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in solutions of Brij-35, Brij-58, and alkyl phenol ethoxylates (Tergitol NP-10 to NP-40). 4-NT had the highest molar solubilization ratio (MSR) and TNT the lowest. For all 2-component systems with 4-NT, the MSR of 2,6-DNT and TNT increased. When either 2,6-DNT or TNT was present, the MSR values increased slightly for Tergitol NP-10 (NP10) and Tergitol NP-13 (NP13). For 3-component systems, TNT's MSR increased for all the surfactants, while significant increases in the MSR of 4-NT and 2,6-DNT were found for NP10 and NP13. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Waddle, Ashley N.] USN, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Offfice of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Jackie Brown for her assistance in maintaining the HPLC and the Offfice of Naval Research for their financial support. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 732 EP 739 AR PII 920116557 DI 10.1080/01496391003607381 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 597AO UT WOS:000277727800002 ER PT S AU Stanica, P Gangopadhyay, S Chaturvedi, A Gangopadhyay, AK Maitra, S AF Stanica, Pantelimon Gangopadhyay, Sugata Chaturvedi, Ankita Gangopadhyay, Aditi Kar Maitra, Subhamoy BE Carlet, C Pott, A TI Nega-Hadamard Transform, Bent and Negabent Functions SO SEQUENCES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS-SETA 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Sequences and Their Applications CY SEP 13-17, 2010 CL Telecom ParisTech, Paris, FRANCE SP Digiteo, CNRS, LAGA HO Telecom ParisTech DE Boolean functions; nega-Hadamard transforms; bent and negabent functions ID BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; CRITERIA AB In this paper we start developing a detailed theory of nega-Hadamard transforms. Consequently, we derive several results on negabentness of concatenations, and partially-symmetric functions. We also obtain a characterization of bent-negabent functions in a subclass of Maiorana-McFarland set. As a by-product of our results we obtain simple proofs of several existing facts. C1 [Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Sugata; Chaturvedi, Ankita; Gangopadhyay, Aditi Kar] India Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Math, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Maitra, Subhamoy] Indian Stat Inst, Appl Stat Unit, Kolkata 700108, W Bengal, India. RP Stanica, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pstanica@nps.edu; gsugata@gmail.com; ankitac17@gmail.com; ganguli.aditi@gmail.com; subho@isical.ac.in FU University Grants Commission of India FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers whose comments have improved the technical as well as the editorial quality of the paper. Ankita Chaturvedi thanks the University Grants Commission of India for supporting her research. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15873-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6338 BP 359 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BTC54 UT WOS:000286453100031 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Waves and Wave Spectra SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12087-9 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400003 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Coming to America SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400004 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Bikini (1946) and Eniwetok (1951) SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400005 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Settling Down at Scripps SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400006 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI From Waves to Tides 1958-1968 SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400007 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Deep Sea Tides 1964-2000 SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400008 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Internal Waves 1971-1981 SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400009 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Ocean Acoustics 1974-Present SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENT C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400010 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Mohole 1957-1964 SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400011 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI The Wobbling Earth 1950-1960 SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400012 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) 1962-Present SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 89 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400013 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Navy SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400014 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Finis SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400015 ER PT B AU Gaffney, P AF Gaffney, Paul BA VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K BF VonStorch, H Hasselmann, K TI Seventy Years of Exploration in Oceanography A Prolonged Weekend Discussion with Walter Munk Epilogue SO SEVENTY YEARS OF EXPLORATION IN OCEANOGRAPHY: A PROLONGED WEEKEND DISCUSSION WITH WALTER MUNK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, Paul] USN, W Long Branch, NJ USA. [Gaffney, Paul] Monmouth Univ, W Long Branch, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12086-2 PY 2010 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BOT73 UT WOS:000277560400016 ER PT S AU Livingston, E Simmen, J AF Livingston, Ellen Simmen, Jeffrey BE Simmen, J Livingston, ES Zhou, JX Li, FH TI Fifteen Years of US-China Cooperative Research in Underwater Acoustics: 1995-2010 SO SHALLOW-WATER ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Shallow-Water Acoustics Conference CY SEP 16-20, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Off Naval Res, Chinese Acad Sci, Acoust Soc China, Acoust Soc Amer, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Shallow Water; Acoustics; Propagation; Scattering; China AB The Office of Naval Research and the Chinese Academy of Sciences established and continue to encourage an unprecedented collaboration between the United States and China in the basic research field of ocean acoustics. This paper describes the progression of events in the scientific relationship. This cooperative research effort, primarily focused on shallow-water acoustics, has varied over fifteen years. It has involved numerous researchers and institutions from the U.S., China, and other countries, and it has resulted in productive workshops, conferences, field experiments, research collaborations, and scientific publications. C1 [Livingston, Ellen] Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Livingston, E (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0822-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1272 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1063/1.3493062 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BTJ76 UT WOS:000287123300001 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. BE Simmen, J Livingston, ES Zhou, JX Li, FH TI Temporal Coherence of Normal Modes in an Ocean Waveguide SO SHALLOW-WATER ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Shallow-Water Acoustics Conference CY SEP 16-20, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Off Naval Res, Chinese Acad Sci, Acoust Soc China, Acoust Soc Amer, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Temporal coherence; coupled normal modes; linear internal waves; shallow water ID SHALLOW-WATER; INTERNAL WAVES; TIME AB The coherence time of acoustic signals is derived using coupled mode equation to the first order of sound speed perturbation squared. It is found that mode coupling induced by internal waves in a waveguide changes the temporal coherence of the acoustic field. For a typical shallow water environment, numerical results show that the coherence time of acoustic field decreases as -3/2 power of frequency and -1/2 power of range at high frequencies in accord with experimental data. Ignoring the mode coupling, the coherence time of acoustic field decreases as -1 power of frequency and -1/2 power of range, same as that predicted for acoustic rays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0822-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1272 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1063/1.3493051 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BTJ76 UT WOS:000287123300014 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Restelli, M Lauter, M AF Giraldo, F. X. Restelli, M. Laeuter, M. TI SEMI-IMPLICIT FORMULATIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS: APPLICATION TO NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC MODELING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE compressible flow; element-based Galerkin methods; Euler; implicit-explicit; Lagrange; Legendre; Navier-Stokes; nonhydrostatic; spectral elements; time-integration ID DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; TIME-INTEGRATORS; DYNAMICAL CORE; STABILITY; SIMULATION; SCHEME; NWP AB We present semi-implicit (implicit-explicit) formulations of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) for applications in nonhydrostatic atmospheric modeling. The compressible NSE in nonhydrostatic atmospheric modeling include buoyancy terms that require special handling if one wishes to extract the Schur complement form of the linear implicit problem. We present results for five different forms of the compressible NSE and describe in detail how to formulate the semi-implicit time-integration method for these equations. Finally, we compare all five equations and compare the semi-implicit formulations of these equations both using the Schur and No Schur forms against an explicit Runge-Kutta method. Our simulations show that, if efficiency is the main criterion, it matters which form of the governing equations you choose. Furthermore, the semi-implicit formulations are faster than the explicit Runge-Kutta method for all the tests studied, especially if the Schur form is used. While we have used the spectral element method for discretizing the spatial operators, the semi-implicit formulations that we derive are directly applicable to all other numerical methods. We show results for our five semi-implicit models for a variety of problems of interest in nonhydrostatic atmospheric modeling, including inertia-gravity waves, density current (i.e., Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities), and mountain test cases; the latter test case requires the implementation of nonreflecting boundary conditions. Therefore, we show results for all five semi-implicit models using the appropriate boundary conditions required in nonhydrostatic atmospheric modeling: no-flux (reflecting) and nonreflecting boundary conditions (NRBCs). It is shown that the NRBCs exert a strong impact on the accuracy and efficiency of the models. C1 [Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Restelli, M.] Univ Seville, Fak Matemat, Dept Ecuac Diferenciales & Anal Numer, E-41012 Seville, Spain. [Laeuter, M.] Zuse Inst Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu; mrestelli@gmail.com; matthias.laeuter@awi.de FU Office of Naval [PE-0602435N]; Junta de Andalucia [P07-FQM-02538]; German Research Foundation [LA2455/1-1] FX Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943 (fxgirald@nps.edu). The research of this author was supported by the Office of Naval Research Program element PE-0602435N.; Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Analisis Numerico, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Matematicas, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Tarfia s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (mrestelli@gmail.com). The research of this author was supported by the Office of Naval Research Visiting Science Program and Junta de Andalucia Grant P07-FQM-02538.; Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), Takustrasse 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany (matthias.laeuter@awi.de). The research of this author was supported by the Office of Naval Research Visiting Science Program and German Research Foundation grant LA2455/1-1. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3394 EP 3425 DI 10.1137/090775889 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800010 ER PT S AU Schoenecker, S Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Schoenecker, Steven Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov BE Drummond, OE TI Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Data Association Tracker Applied to Bistatic Sonar Data Sets SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2010 CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ML-PDA; Multistatic; Bistatic Active Sonar; Target Tracking AB In the early 1990's, the Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Data Association (ML-PDA) tracker was developed in a passive sonar framework, and subsequent research has shown it to be effective for tracking very low SNR targets. This was done with both active and passive sonar, for targets that have some given type of deterministic motion. Recent work has focused on applying ML-PDA to bistatic sonar data. Here, we apply ML-PDA in a sliding window implementation to three bistatic data sets used by the MSTWG (Multistatic Tracking Working Group): the SEABAR 2007 data set, the TNO Blind 2008 data set, and a new blind data set provided by Metron in 2009. C1 [Schoenecker, Steven] USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schoenecker, S (reprint author), USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.schoenecker@navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu; ybs@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7698 AR 76980K DI 10.1117/12.850215 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO08 UT WOS:000285051900020 ER PT S AU Baer, W AF Baer, Wolfgang BE Kadar, I TI Multi-Eye Input Experiments for UAV Image Navigation and Control SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIX CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Geo-referencing; Binocular-rivalry; Image registration; UAV Vision; Model-Image Feedback; Augmented Reality Field Test AB Real time Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) image registration is achieved by stimulating one eye with a live video image from a flying UAV while stimulating the other eye with calculated images. The calculated image is initialized by telemetry signals from the UAV and corrected using the Perspective View Nascent Technology (PVNT) software package model-image feedback algorithm. Live and registered calculated images are superimposed allowing command functions including target geo-location, UAV sensor slewing, tracking, and way point flight control. When the same equipment is used with the naked eye the forward observer function can be implemented to produce accurate target coordinates. The paper will then discuss UAV mission control and forward observer target tracking experiments conducted at Camp Roberts, California. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci Code IS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci Code IS, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Baer@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8161-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7697 AR 769719 DI 10.1117/12.850555 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN17 UT WOS:000284995500044 ER PT S AU Klein, PB AF Klein, P. B. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Identification of Defects Limiting the Carrier Lifetime in n(-) Epitaxial Layers of 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE carrier lifetime; defects; recombination; DLTS; EPR; photoluminescence; epitaxy ID ENERGY-ELECTRON IRRADIATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DEEP LEVELS; EPILAYERS; VACANCIES AB The identification of defects limiting the carrier lifetime in n(-) epilayers of 4H-SiC is reviewed. The dominant electron traps, the Z(1/2) and EH(6/7) defects, believed to be V(C)-related, have been correlated to the lifetime in several studies. It was later shown that only one center, Z(1/2), actually controls the bulk lifetime. In recently-grown material with low Z(1/2) concentration, other processes dominate. Recent measurements indicate that surface recombination controls the lifetime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klein@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.193 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600045 ER PT S AU Klein, PB Myers-Ward, R Lew, KK VanMil, BL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Shrivastava, A Sudarshan, TS AF Klein, P. B. Myers-Ward, R. Lew, K. -K. VanMil, B. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Shrivastava, A. Sudarshan, T. S. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Temperature Dependence of the Carrier Lifetime in 4H-SiC Epilayers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE lifetime; defects; recombination; band bending; surface recombination AB The temperature dependence of the carrier lifetime was measured in n-type 4H-SiC epilayers of varying Z(1/2) deep defect concentrations and layer thicknesses in order to investigate the recombination processes controlling the carrier lifetime in low- Z(1/2) material. The results indicate that in more recently grown layers with lower deep defect concentrations, surface recombination tends to dominate over carrier capture by other bulk defects. Low-injection lifetime measurements were also found to provide a convenient method to assess the surface band bending and surface trap density in samples with a significant surface recombination rate. C1 [Klein, P. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers-Ward, R.; Lew, K. -K.; VanMil, B. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Naval Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shrivastava, A.; Sudarshan, T. S.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klein@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 203 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.203 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600047 ER PT S AU Maximenko, SI Freitas, JA Picard, YN Klein, PB Myers-Ward, RL Lew, KK Muzykov, PG Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR Sudarshan, TS AF Maximenko, S. I. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Picard, Y. N. Klein, P. B. Myers-Ward, R. L. Lew, K. -K. Muzykov, P. G. Gaskill, D. K. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Sudarshan, T. S. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI CL/EBIC-SEM techniques for evaluation of impact of crystallographic defects on carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Luminescence; EBIC; Lifetime; Diffusion Length; Stacking Faults; Dislocations ID SCHOTTKY DIODES; GROWTH AB The effect of various types of in-grown stacking faults and threading screw/edge type dislocations on carrier lifetime and diffusion lengths in 4H-SiC epitaxial films was investigated through cathodoluminescence decays and charge collection efficiencies of electron beam induced current signals at specific defects sites. Most stacking faults yielded similar to 40% reduction in the carrier lifetime. Moreover, drastic lifetime reductions were observed in regions containing surface triangular defects and bulk 3C polytype inclusions. Dislocations of both types serve as efficient recombination centers, though stronger reduction in diffusion lengths was observed in the vicinity of screw type dislocations. C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Picard, Y. N.; Klein, P. B.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Lew, K. -K.; Gaskill, D. K.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muzykov, P. G.; Sudarshan, T. S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM serguei.maximenko@nrl.navy.mil OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 FU National Research Council FX S. I. Maximenko would like to acknowledge the National Research Council for financial support. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 211 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.211 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600049 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Myers-Ward, RL VanMil, BL Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR AF Stahlbush, R. E. Myers-Ward, R. L. VanMil, B. L. Gaskill, D. K. Eddy, C. R., Jr. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI A Pictorial Tracking of Basal Plane Dislocations in SiC Epitaxy SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE BPD glide; BPD reduction; epi extended defects; half-loop array; UVPL ID STACKING-FAULT FORMATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; DIODES; GROWTH AB The recently developed technique of UVPL imaging has been used to track the path of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in SiC epitaxial layers. The glide of BPDs during epitaxial growth has been observed and the role of this glide in forming half-loop arrays has been examined. The ability to track the path of BPDs through the epitaxy has made it possible to develop a BPD reduction process for epitaxy grown on 8 degrees offcut wafers, which uses an in situ growth interrupt and has achieved a BPD reduction of > 98%. The images also provide insight into the strong BPD reduction that typically occurs in epitaxy grown on 4 degrees offcut wafers. C1 [Stahlbush, R. E.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; VanMil, B. L.; Gaskill, D. K.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.271 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600064 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Giles, AJ Stahlbush, RE Ancona, MG Glembocki, OJ Hobart, KD Hull, BA Liu, KX AF Caldwell, J. D. Giles, A. J. Stahlbush, R. E. Ancona, M. G. Glembocki, O. J. Hobart, K. D. Hull, B. A. Liu, K. X. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI On the Luminescence and Driving Force of Stacking Faults in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE stacking fault; partial dislocation; electroluminescence; driving force; expansion; contraction; green emission ID PARTIAL DISLOCATIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; PIN DIODES; DIFFUSION; DEFECTS; BORON AB Since it was determined that the formation and expansion of intrinsic stacking faults (SFs) induced a drift in the forward voltage (V-f) in 4H-SiC bipolar devices, significant effort has been made to understand the driving force causing SF motion as well as the various associated luminescence processes. The observation that annealing of faulted SiC devices and epilayers induced SF contraction and a recovery of the V-f drift enabled the studying of the impact of various parameters such as temperature, injection level and operation time upon SF motion, the V-f drift and luminescence within the same device. However, these observations in many cases contradicted the previously reported driving force models. Here we report on a basic driving force model explaining SF expansion in hexagonal SiC as well as discuss the observation of green luminescence from C-core partial dislocations bounding the SFs that may indicate an enhanced mobility of point defects within forward biased SiC pin diodes. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Ancona, M. G.; Glembocki, O. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Liu, K. X.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giles, A. J.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hull, B. A.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU ONR; DARPA; ASEE; CREE, Inc FX This work was made possible by funding from ONR, DARPA, and ASEE. Samples were provided by CREE, Inc. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 277 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.277 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600065 ER PT S AU Mahadik, NA Stahlbush, RE Qadri, SB Glembocki, OJ Alexson, DA Myers-Ward, RL Tedesco, JL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Mahadik, N. A. Stahlbush, R. E. Qadri, S. B. Glembocki, O. J. Alexson, D. A. Myers-Ward, R. L. Tedesco, J. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Structure of Inclusions in 4 degrees Offcut 4H-SiC Epitaxy SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE UVPL Imaging; X-ray topography; Raman Spectroscopy; Defects in SiC ID SIC PIN DIODES; GROWTH AB The structure of various inclusions in SiC epitaxial layers grown on 4 degrees offcut substrates was investigated using three advanced techniques. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, the observed inclusions exhibited a complex structure having either different SiC polytypes like 3C or 6H or they were misoriented 4H-SiC inclusions. The UVPL images showed dislocations and other extended defects around the inclusion-related defects, and strain fields were observed in the x-ray topographs near the defect sites. Spectral UVPL imaging shows features with varying luminescence inside the inclusion related defects Which propagate and may cause deformation in the crystalline structure and lead to non-radiative recombination centers within the defect. C1 [Mahadik, N. A.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Qadri, S. B.; Glembocki, O. J.; Alexson, D. A.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Tedesco, J. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahadik, NA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mahadik@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.315 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600074 ER PT S AU Zhang, QC Agarwal, A Burk, A O'Loughlin, M Palmour, J Stahlbush, R Scozzie, C AF Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Agarwal, Anant Burk, Albert O'Loughlin, Michael Palmour, John Stahlbush, Robert Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Influence of Shockley Stacking Fault Generation on Electrical Behavior of 4H-SiC 10 kV MPS diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; Stacking fault; Basal plane dislocation; MPS diode; Secondary diode AB The influence of stacking fault (SF) generation on the reverse blocking characteristics has been investigated on SiC 10 kV, 5 A Merged PiN (MPS) diodes. For the first time, we have observed that the generation of SFs under forward biased stress increases the reverse leakage current. In addition, the presence of a secondary diode formed by the electrical stress was observed and attributed to the breakdown voltage failure on certain devices. C1 [Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Agarwal, Anant; Burk, Albert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stahlbush, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, QC (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jon_Zhang@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Md [W911NF-04-2-0022] FX This research was funded through the Cooperative Research Agreement W911NF-04-2-0022 program supported by the Army Research Laboratory Adelphi, Md. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 331 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.331 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600078 ER PT S AU Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Stahlbush, RE McMarr, PJ Hughes, HL Kub, FJ Haney, SK AF Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Stahlbush, Robert E. McMarr, Patrick J. Hughes, Hap L. Kub, Fritz J. Haney, Sarah K. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Thermally Stimulated Current Separation of Hole and Acceptor Trap Density in 4H-SiC MOS Devices Using Gamma Ray Irradiation SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Thermally stimulated current; trap density separation; MOS capacitor; irradiation AB Thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements on epitaxial and implanted 4H-SiC MOS capacitors are presented. The effect of gamma ray irradiation on the TSC spectra of epitaxial 4H-SiC MOSCAP devices is discussed. On non-irradiated samples, two TSC peaks are observed near 55 K and 80 K. Due to the generated oxide charge during irradiation, the 80 K emission split into two constituent peaks. These have been attributed to hole traps and Al acceptors. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hobart, Karl D.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Hughes, Hap L.; Kub, Fritz J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMarr, Patrick J.] Global Strateg Grp Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Haney, Sarah K.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mtadjer@umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 469 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.469 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600112 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Anderson, TJ Hobart, KD Culbertson, JC Jernigan, GG Kub, FJ Tedesco, JL Hite, JK Mastro, MA Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Gaskill, DK AF Caldwell, J. D. Anderson, T. J. Hobart, K. D. Culbertson, J. C. Jernigan, G. G. Kub, F. J. Tedesco, J. L. Hite, J. K. Mastro, M. A. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Campbell, P. M. Gaskill, D. K. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Techniques for the Dry Transfer of Epitaxial Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE epitaxial graphene; transfer; Hall effect; Raman scattering; thermal release tape; BCB ID RAMAN; GRAPHITE AB Epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on the carbon-face of SIC has been shown to exhibit high carrier mobilities, in comparison to other growth techniques amenable to wafer-scale graphene fabrication. The transfer of large area (>mm(2)) graphene films to substrates amenable for specific applications is desirable. We demonstrate the dry transfer of EG from the C-face of 4H-SiC onto SiO(2), GaN and Al(2)O(3) substrates via two approaches using either I) thermal release tape or 2) a spin-on, chemically-etchable dielectric. We will report on the impact that these transfer processes has upon the electrical properties of the transferred EG films. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Anderson, T. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Culbertson, J. C.; Jernigan, G. G.; Kub, F. J.; Tedesco, J. L.; Hite, J. K.; Mastro, M. A.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Campbell, P. M.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.633 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600151 ER PT S AU Rao, MV Tian, YL Qadri, SB Freitas, JA Nipoti, R AF Rao, Mulpuri V. Tian, Y-L. Qadri, S. B. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Nipoti, R. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Ultra Fast High Temperature Microwave Annealing of Ion Implanted Large Bandgap Semiconductors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Ion-implantation; microwave-annealing; SiC; GaN; ZnO ID GAN AB In this work, the surface, lattice and electrical properties of implanted 4H-SiC, GaN and ZnO, annealed by a novel ultra-fast microwave heating method, are compared to that of conventional annealing methods. In this new method, amplified and variable frequency microwaves from a signal generator are directly coupled to the semiconductor sample through a microwave head. Since, the microwaves are only absorbed by the sample, without heating of the ambient, ultra-high heating (> 2000 degrees C/s) and cooling rates and very high (2100 degrees C) annealing temperatures can be reached. For Al and P species implants into 4H-SiC, record low resistivity values were achieved with a lattice quality better than that of the virgin crystal. This annealing method improved the lattice quality of un-implanted region below the surface implanted region as well. Improved material characteristics were also obtained for GaN and ZnO. C1 [Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tian, Y-L.] LT Technol, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Qadri, S. B.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nipoti, R.] CNR IMM Sezione Bologn, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmulpuri@gmu.edu; ytian@cox.net; qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; nipoti@bo.imm.cnr.it RI Nipoti, Roberta/N-6162-2014 OI Nipoti, Roberta/0000-0002-8019-9149 FU NSF [0539321, 0646184, 0742139]; ARO [W911NF-09-1-0407] FX This material is based on the work supported by NSF grants 0539321, 0646184, 0742139 and also by ARO grant W911NF-09-1-0407. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 709 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.709 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600168 ER PT S AU Tadjer, MJ Anderson, TJ Hobart, KD Feygelson, TI Butler, JE Kub, FJ AF Tadjer, Marko J. Anderson, Travis J. Hobart, Karl D. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Butler, James E. Kub, Fritz J. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Comparative Study of Ohmic Contact Metallizations to Nanocrystalline Diamond Films SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Ohmic contact; Diamond; Nanocrystalline; Sheet Resistance; Mobility; Annealing AB Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The NCD films were Boron-doped for p-type conductivity, yielding sheet resistances from 6.17x10(11) to 522.5 Omega/square. Four different metals were deposited as Ohmic contacts and investigated for contact resistance and thermal stability. Contact and film annealing was performed under different atmospheric conditions with variable N-2 content. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Butler, James E.; Kub, Fritz J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, Tatyana I.] SAIC Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mtadjer@umd.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 733 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.733 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600174 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Zhang, QC Callanan, R Capell, C Burk, A O'Loughlin, M Palmour, J Temple, V Stahlbush, R Caldwell, J O'Brien, H Scozzie, C AF Agarwal, Anant Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Callanan, Robert Capell, Craig Burk, Albert O'Loughlin, Michael Palmour, John Temple, Victor Stahlbush, Robert Caldwell, Joshua O'Brien, Heather Scozzie, Charles BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI 9 kV, 1 cm(2) SiC Gate Turn-Off Thyristors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; GTO; High power; High Voltage; BPD; Stability AB In this paper, for the first time, we report a large area (1 cm(2)) SiC GTO with 9 kV blocking voltage fabricated on 100-mm 4H-SiC substrates with much reduced Basal Plane Dislocation (BPD) density. The static and dynamic characteristics are described. A forward drop of 3.7 V at 100 A (100 A/cm(2)) is measured at 25 degrees C. A slight positive temperature coefficient of the forward drop is present at 300 A/cm(2), indicating the possibility of paralleling multiple devices for higher current capability. The device exhibits extremely low leakage currents at high temperatures. The device has shown fast turn-on time of 53.9 nsec, and similar to 3.5 mu s of turn-off time, respectively. A stable forward voltage drop after electrical stress for >1000 hours has been achieved. C1 [Agarwal, Anant; Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Callanan, Robert; Capell, Craig; Burk, Albert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Temple, Victor] Silicon Power Corp, Washington, DC 12065 USA. [Stahlbush, Robert; Caldwell, Joshua] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Brien, Heather; Scozzie, Charles] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Anant_Agarwal@cree.com RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTO FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTO. The authors are indebted to Dr. Victor Temple of Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO) for the design and packaging of SiC GTOs NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1017 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1017 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600242 ER PT S AU Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Mastro, MA Anderson, TJ Imhoff, EA Kub, FJ Hite, JK Eddy, CR AF Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Mastro, Michael A. Anderson, Travis J. Imhoff, Eugene A. Kub, Fritz J. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Effect of temperature and Al concentration on the electrical performance of GaN and Al0.2Ga0.8N accumulation-mode FET devices SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE MOSFET; AccuFET; Al concentration; polarization charge; threshold voltage shift ID MOSFETS AB Field-effect transistors were fabricated on GaN and Al0.2Ga0.8N epitaxial layers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire substrates. The threshold voltage V-TH was higher when AlGaN was used as an active layer. VTH also increased with temperature due to the increased positive polarization charge at the GaN/AlN buffer/sapphire interfaces. Drain current increased at high temperatures even with more positive threshold voltage, which makes GaN-based VET devices attractive for high temperature operation. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hobart, Karl D.; Mastro, Michael A.; Anderson, Travis J.; Imhoff, Eugene A.; Kub, Fritz J.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mtadjer@umd.edu RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1215 EP 1218 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1215 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600290 ER PT J AU Klein, PB AF Klein, Paul B. BE Friedrichs, P Kimoto, T Ley, L Pensl, G TI Identification and carrier dynamics of the dominant lifetime limiting defect in n(-) 4H-SiC epitaxial layers SO SILICON CARBIDE, VOL 1: GROWTH, DEFECTS, AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; 4H SILICON-CARBIDE; DEEP-LEVEL DEFECTS; ENERGY-ELECTRON IRRADIATION; N-TYPE 4H; EXCESS CARRIERS; C/SI RATIO; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; SEMICONDUCTORS C1 Naval Res Lab, US Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, US Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-40953-2 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 317 PG 31 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BA6KN UT WOS:000337169200012 ER PT J AU Seda, G Bradshaw, D Perri, JF AF Seda, G. Bradshaw, D. Perri, J. F. TI AGE DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL AND POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Seda, G.; Bradshaw, D.; Perri, J. F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0362 BP A127 EP A127 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000365 ER PT S AU Swain, MD Anderson, GP Bernstein, RD Liu, JL Goldman, ER AF Swain, Marla D. Anderson, George P. Bernstein, Rachael D. Liu, Jinny L. Goldman, Ellen R. BE Cullum, BM Porterfield, DM Booksh, KS TI Using llama derived single domain antibodies to target botulinum neurotoxins SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technologies VII CY APR 08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE single domain antibodies; detection; botulinum neurotoxin; phage display library; Luminex ID FRAGMENTS; TOXINS; ASSAY; STABILITY; BIOSENSOR; INFECTION; FOODS AB Llama serum contains both conventional IgG as well as unique forms of antibody that contain only heavy chains where antigen binding is mediated through a single variable domain. These variable domains can be expressed recombinantly and are referred to as single domain antibodies (sdAb). SdAb are among the smallest known naturally derived antigen binding fragments, possess good solubility, thermal stability, and can refold after heat and chemical denaturation. Llamas were immunized with either BoNT A or B toxoid and phage display libraries prepared. Single domain antibodies (sdAb) that were able to detect botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A and B were selected from their respective libraries. Here, the binders obtained by panning the BoNT B library on either BoNT B toxoid or BoNT B complex toxoid coated plates or BoNT B toxin coupled microspheres are described. Using these panning methods, we selected for binders that showed specificity for BoNT B. Phage displayed binders were screened, moved to a protein expression vector and soluble sdAb was produced. Using a Luminex flow cytometer binders were evaluated in direct binding assays. We have exploited the unique properties of sdAb and used them as biological recognition elements in immuno-based sensors that can detect BoNT B. C1 [Swain, Marla D.; Anderson, George P.; Liu, Jinny L.; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swain, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8138-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7674 AR 767405 DI 10.1117/12.852674 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS32 UT WOS:000285624800004 ER PT B AU Sheeley, NR AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI What's So Peculiar about the Cycle 23/24 Solar Minimum? SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Ne Harbor, MA ID SUNS POLAR FIELDS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSPORT; FLUX; FLOW AB Traditionally, solar physicists become anxious around solar minimum, as they await the high-latitude sunspot groups of the new cycle. Now, we are in an extended sunspot minimum with conditions not seen in recent memory, and interest in the sunspot cycle has increased again. In this paper, I will describe some of the characteristics of the current solar minimum, including its great depth, its extended duration, its weak polar magnetic fields, and its small amount of open flux. Flux transport simulations suggest that these characteristics are a consequence of temporal variations of the Sun's large-scale meridional circulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900001 ER PT B AU Landi, E Cranmer, SR AF Landi, E. Cranmer, S. R. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Ion Temperatures in the Low Solar Corona: Polar Coronal Holes at Solar Minimum SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID WIND AB We use a SUMER spectrum of a polar coronal hole to measure the ion temperatures T-i of many ions between 0.03 and 0.17 R-circle dot above the limb. We find that the measured T-i are almost always larger than the electron temperatures (T-e) and exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on the charge-to-mass ratio. We use these measurements to provide empirical constraints to a theoretical model of ion heating and acceleration based on gradually replenished ion-cyclotron waves and anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. We find that the empirical heating model and the turbulent cascade model agree with one another and with observations for charge-to-mass (Z/A) ratios smaller than about 0.25. Ions with Z/A > 0.25 disagree with the model. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900030 ER PT B AU Landi, E Raymond, JC Miralles, MP AF Landi, E. Raymond, J. C. Miralles, M. P. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Physical Conditions in a CME from Hinode, STEREO, and SOHO Observations SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME AB In the present work we analyze multiwavelength observations from Hinode, SOHO, and STEREO of the early phases of a CME. We use EIS, UVCS, and XRT to measure the physical properties of the CME; ejecta, as a function of time, at 1.1 and 1.9 R-circle dot. EUVI, COR 1, EIT, and LASCO images are used to measure the CME trajectory, velocity, and acceleration in 3D up to 5 R-circle dot. The diagnostic results are used to determine the energy budget of the CME plasma and the heating rate, and to compare it to theoretical predictions. C1 [Landi, E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA [NNH06-CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I, NNX09AB17G-R, NNX06AG95G] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNH06-CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I, NNX09AB17G-R, and NNX06AG95G. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900031 ER PT B AU Morrill, JS Floyd, L McMullin, D Snow, M Viereck, R AF Morrill, J. S. Floyd, L. McMullin, D. Snow, M. Viereck, R. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Comparing Estimates of the Mg II Index at Solar Minimum from 1961 through 1981 with the Observed Mg II Index from 1978 to Present SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID TIME-SERIES AB Using a solar spectral irradiance model which estimates the spectrum in an 1.8 nm region around the Mg II h and k lines at 280 urn we have estimated the Mg II index. This model uses observed active region, quiet Sun, and sunspot spectra as well as center-to-limb variation results from the HRTS-9 rocket as empirical inputs. To determine the location of these features on a given day, the model uses Ca II K images. This paper presents preliminary estimates of the Mg II index during the 1961 to 1981 time period and compares these values to those determined from observations from 1978 to present. C1 [Morrill, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Floyd, L.] Interfereometr, Herndon, VA USA. [McMullin, D.] SSRC, Alexandria, VA USA. [Snow, M.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO USA. [Viereck, R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA LWS [NNH05AB561, W-10136] FX This work was sponsered by the NASA LWS program under grant numbers NNH05AB561 and W-10136. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 315 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900046 ER PT B AU Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF AF Tylka, Allan J. Dietrich, William F. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Ground-Level Enhanced (GLE) Solar Particle Events at Solar Minimum SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID HIGH-ENERGIES; VARIABILITY; SPECTRA AB Ground-Level Enhanced (GLE) solar particle events, in which proton energies exceed similar to 400 MeV and produce measurable rate increases in terrestrial neutron monitors, are rare. GLEs at solar minimum are even rarer. Since the creation of the world-wide neutron monitor network in 1955, 66 GLEs have been reported. Only two of these, on 1976 April 30 and 2006 December 13, occurred at (or nearly at) solar minimum conditions, when the monthly smoothed sunspot number was less than 15. The 1976 event was also observed by particle instruments on the IMP8 spacecraft; the 2006 event was observed by instruments on Wind, ACE, SOHO, GOES, and STEREO. We examine the particle characteristics of these two events at satellite and neutron monitor energies. In general, these two GLEs are surprisingly similar, both to each each other and to GLEs that occur at other times during the solar cycle. The most noteworthy difference between the two GLEs is their relative sizes. This difference suggests that contributions to the coronal supratherrnal seed population from activity in the days before the event play a critical role in the production of GLEs. C1 [Tylka, Allan J.; Dietrich, William F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900049 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T AF Shinoda, Toshiaki TI Observed Dispersion Relation of Yanai Waves and 17-Day Tropical Instability Waves in the Pacific Ocean SO SOLA LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SCALE DISTURBANCES; OSCILLATIONS AB Using sea surface height (SSH) data derived from recent satellite observations, we present the observed dispersion relationship of mixed Rossby Gravity (Yanai) waves in the Pacific Ocean. A wavenumber-frequency spectral analysis of SSH fields shows prominent spectral peaks along the dispersion curves of first and second baroclinic mode oceanic Yanai waves. Also, salient features of tropical instability waves (TIWs) with a period of similar to 17 days can be effectively isolated based on a cross-correlation analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) and SSH time series that are filtered in wavenumber-frequency domain. These statistical representations of oceanic Yanai waves and TIWs are important for the evaluation of numerical model simulations of these waves and for improving our understanding of the physics of 17-day TIWs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM toshiaki.shinoda@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016; Zhou, Wen/C-3750-2012 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206; Zhou, Wen/0000-0002-3297-4841 FU NSF [OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897, AGS-0966844]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001410 WX20722, 601153N] FX The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). The TMI data are obtained from the Remote Sensing Systems web site. Valuable comments from George Kiladis are appreciated. Constructive comments from two reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. Toshiaki Shinoda is supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897 and AGS-0966844, Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grant N0001410 WX20722, and the 6.1 project Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by ONR under program element 601153N. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2010 VL 6 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.2151/sola.2010-005 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570JC UT WOS:000275668600004 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Andrade-Nuno, BS Landi, E Patsourakos, S Teriaca, L Schuhle, U Korendyke, CM Nestoras, I AF Vourlidas, A. Andrade-Nuno, B. Sanchez Landi, E. Patsourakos, S. Teriaca, L. Schuehle, U. Korendyke, C. M. Nestoras, I. TI The Structure and Dynamics of the Upper Chromosphere and Lower Transition Region as Revealed by the Subarcsecond VAULT Observations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Line: hydrogen Ly alpha atomic data; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: transition region ID SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS; UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; LYMAN-ALPHA RADIATION; QUIET SUN; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATURE REGION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION AB The Very high Angular resolution ULtraviolet Telescope (VAULT) is a sounding rocket payload built to study the crucial interface between the solar chromosphere and the corona by observing the strongest line in the solar spectrum, the Ly alpha line at 1216 angstrom. In two flights, VAULT succeeded in obtaining the first ever subarcsecond (0.5 '') images of this region with high sensitivity and cadence. Detailed analyses of those observations contributed significantly to new ideas about the nature of the transition region. Here, we present a broad overview of the Ly alpha atmosphere as revealed by the VAULT observations and bring together past results and new analyses from the second VAULT flight to create a synthesis of our current knowledge of the high-resolution Ly alpha Sun. We hope that this work will serve as a good reference for the design of upcoming Ly alpha telescopes and observing plans. C1 [Vourlidas, A.; Andrade-Nuno, B. Sanchez; Landi, E.; Korendyke, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Andrade-Nuno, B. Sanchez; Patsourakos, S.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Teriaca, L.; Schuehle, U.] MPI Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Nestoras, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; bsanchez@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; teriaca@mps.mpg.de; schuele@mps.mpg.de RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; FU ONR [SP033-02-43]; NASA [S-84002F]; ESA FX This work is dedicated to the memories of D. Prinz, G. Bruecker, and D. Lilley whose efforts contributed enormously to the success of the NRL sounding rocket programs. We are grateful to V. Yurchyshyn for providing calibrated BBSO H alpha images, and to J. Cook, J. Koza, S. Martin, R. Rutten, and J. C. Vial for useful discussion and constant encouragement. The achievements presented in this article are the product of many years of development work at the Naval Research Laboratory Solar Physics Branch and the NASA sounding rocket program. The VAULT instrument borrows heavily from the High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph. The NRL rocket team of J. Smith, R. Moye, R. Hagood, R. Feldman, J. Moser, D. Roberts, T. Spears, and R. Waymire did a superb job in preparing and launching the instrument. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of the sounding rocket support team that made the VAULT launches possible. We would like to particularly acknowledge the following individuals. Tracy Gibb did a superb job managing the launch of the VAULT payload. Frank Lau managed the development of the Mark 7 digital SPARCS attitude control system. We would like to acknowledge the SPARCS team for their superb efforts in the support of our launch. Jesus and Carlos Martinez developed and operated the Mark 7 SPARCS. Richard Garcia, Shelby Elborn, and Kenneth Starr developed the VAULT telemetry section. The support from the White Sands Missile Range and Wallops Flight Facility NASROC personnel was of the highest caliber. The VAULT instrument development work was supported by the ONR task area SP033-02-43 and by NASA defense procurement request S-84002F. SOHO (EIT, MDI, and SUMER data) is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 261 IS 1 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9475-x PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534QQ UT WOS:000272912600004 ER PT J AU Heaton, B Colton, JS Jenson, DN Johnson, MJ Bracker, AS AF Heaton, B. Colton, J. S. Jenson, D. N. Johnson, M. J. Bracker, A. S. TI Nuclear effects in Kerr rotation-detected magnetic resonance of electrons in GaAs SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Donors; GaAs; Optical; Spin resonance ID V QUANTUM-WELLS; SPIN-RESONANCE; COHERENT MANIPULATION; DOTS AB We have studied nuclear effects on electron spins in lightly doped n-GaAs bulk and quantum well samples using optically detected magnetic resonance, with the optical detection done via Kerr rotation. The magnetic resonance signal allowed us to measure the electron T(2)* lifetimes and g-factors. We observed strong dynamic nuclear polarization, which was controllable via nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. We measured the nuclear spin relaxation time (T(1)) by monitoring the changing Overhauser field in time, and were able to perform combined electron and nuclear resonance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heaton, B.; Colton, J. S.; Jenson, D. N.; Johnson, M. J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bracker, A. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, JS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM heaton.benjamin@gmail.com; john_colton@byu.edu; dnjenson@gmail.com; mjjohnson.byu@gmail.com; bracker@bloch.nrl.navy.mil FU NSF [0419501, 0456074, 0802831] FX This work was supported by NSF grants 0419501, 0456074, and 0802831. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 5-6 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.11.019 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 554UE UT WOS:000274459600004 ER PT J AU Arkes, J AF Arkes, Jeremy TI Using Unemployment Rates as Instruments to Estimate Returns to Schooling SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC RETURN; TWINS; IMPACT; SAMPLE; MARKET; EDUCATION; ABILITY; WEAK AB I use state unemployment rates during a person's teenage years to estimate the returns to schooling. A higher unemployment rate reduces the opportunity costs of attending school. Using the same 1980 Census data set that Angrist and Krueger (1991) use, I also estimate returns to schooling with a modified version of their quarter-of-birth instrument. The estimates from the two-stage least squares (2SLS) model using the unemployment rate and the model using the quarter-of-birth instruments are almost identical. In addition, these 2SLS estimates are larger than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates, supporting this counterintuitive, yet prevalent, result in the literature. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Arkes, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jaarkes@nps.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 3 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.4284/sej.2010.76.3.711 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 546SA UT WOS:000273829900008 ER PT S AU Jaffe, P AF Jaffe, Paul BE Robertson, GA TI A Study of Defense Applications of Space Solar Power SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Applicat in Micrograv/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Space Solar Power; Military Applications AB Space solar power (SSP) is generally considered to be the collection in space of energy from the sun and its wireless transmission from space for use on earth. It has been observed that the implementation of such a system could offer energy security, environmental, and technological advantages to those who would undertake its development. A study conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) sought to determine if unique, cost effective, and efficient approaches exist for supplying significant power on demand for Navy, Marine Corps, or other Department of Defense applications by employing a space-based solar power system. The study was initiated by and prepared for top NRL management in part as a result of the publication of the National Security Space Office's (NSSO) report "Space-Based Solar Power as an Opportunity for Strategic Security". The NSSO report's recommendations included statements calling for the U.S. Government to conduct analyses, retire technical risk, and become an early demonstrator for SBSP. It should be noted that the principal objective of the NRL study differed significantly from that of the multitude of previous studies performed in reference to SBSP in that it focused on defense rather than utility grid applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jaffe, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8243,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1063/1.3326288 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100054 ER PT J AU Nozette, S Spudis, P Bussey, B Jensen, R Raney, K Winters, H Lichtenberg, CL Marinelli, W Crusan, J Gates, M Robinson, M AF Nozette, Stewart Spudis, Paul Bussey, Ben Jensen, Robert Raney, Keith Winters, Helene Lichtenberg, Christopher L. Marinelli, William Crusan, Jason Gates, Michele Robinson, Mark TI The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) Technology Demonstration SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; Mini RF; Lunar poles ID SOUTH-POLE; RADAR EXPERIMENT; ICE; DEPOSITS; MOON; SAR AB The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) system is manifested on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) as a technology demonstration and an extended mission science instrument. Mini-RF represents a significant step forward in spaceborne RF technology and architecture. It combines synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at two wavelengths (S-band and X-band) and two resolutions (150 m and 30 m) with interferometric and communications functionality in one lightweight (16 kg) package. Previous radar observations (Earth-based, and one bistatic data set from Clementine) of the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar poles seem to indicate areas of high circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with volume scattering from volatile deposits (e.g. water ice) buried at shallow (0.1-1 m) depth, but only at unfavorable viewing geometries, and with inconclusive results. The LRO Mini-RF utilizes new wideband hybrid polarization architecture to measure the Stokes parameters of the reflected signal. These data will help to differentiate "true" volumetric ice reflections from "false" returns due to angular surface regolith. Additional lunar science investigations (e.g. pyroclastic deposit characterization) will also be attempted during the LRO extended mission. LRO's lunar operations will be contemporaneous with India's Chandrayaan-1, which carries the Forerunner Mini-SAR (S-band wavelength and 150-m resolution), and bistatic radar (S-Band) measurements may be possible. On orbit calibration, procedures for LRO Mini-RF have been validated using Chandrayaan 1 and ground-based facilities (Arecibo and Greenbank Radio Observatories). C1 [Bussey, Ben; Jensen, Robert; Raney, Keith; Winters, Helene] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Nozette, Stewart; Spudis, Paul] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lichtenberg, Christopher L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Marinelli, William; Crusan, Jason; Gates, Michele] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Robinson, Mark] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Bussey, B (reprint author), Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Ben.Bussey@jhuapl.edu NR 18 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9607-5 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700012 ER PT S AU Grove, JE Johnson, WN AF Grove, J. Eric Johnson, W. Neil CA Fermi LAT Collaboration BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI The Calorimeter of the Fermi Large Area Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gamma-ray; astrophysics; Fermi; calorimeter; CsI(Tl) ID SPACE-TELESCOPE; TESTS AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, has been making revolutionary observations of the high-energy (20 MeV - 300 GeV) gamma-ray sky since its launch in June 2008. The LAT calorimeter is a modular array of 1536 CsI(Tl) crystals supported within 16 carbon fiber structures and read out at each crystal end with silicon PIN photodiodes to provide both energy and position information. The hodoscopic crystal stack allows imaging of electromagnetic showers and cosmic rays for improved energy measurement and background rejection. Signals from the array of photodiodes are processed by custom ASICs and commercial ADCs. We describe the calorimeter design and the primary factors that led those design choices. C1 [Grove, J. Eric; Johnson, W. Neil; Fermi LAT Collaboration] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grove, JE (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77320J DI 10.1117/12.857839 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200016 ER PT S AU Johnson, WN AF Johnson, W. Neil CA Fermi LAT Collaboration BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI The building of Fermi-LAT SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Gamma rays; astrophysics; space instrumentation AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope mission was inspired by the breadth of discoveries in high energy gamma ray sky by the EGRET instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Founded in the new technologies and capabilities in high energy particle physics detectors, the first studies for the LAT concept were begun in 1992 and the foundations of the LAT international collaboration, bringing together the high energy particle physics community and astrophysics community, were established shortly thereafter. This paper reviews the evolution of the LAT design from concept to launch and attempts to highlight the successes, problems and lessons learned along the way. C1 [Johnson, W. Neil] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, WN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM neil.johnson@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77320H DI 10.1117/12.858236 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200014 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Wolff, MT Wood, KS Barbee, TW Barstow, MA AF Kowalski, M. P. Wolff, M. T. Wood, K. S. Barbee, T. W., Jr. Barstow, M. A. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI EUV spectroscopy of high-redshift x-ray objects SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Extreme Ultraviolet; High-Resolution Spectroscopy; Diffraction gratings; Multilayer coatings; Nanolaminate replication; High-redshift; AGN ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; XMM-NEWTON; CHANDRA AB As astronomical observations are pushed to cosmological distances (z>3) the spectral energy distributions of X-ray objects, AGN for example, will be redshifted into the EUV waveband. Consequently, a wealth of critical spectral diagnostics, provided by, for example, the Fe L-shell complex and the O VII/VIII lines, will be lost to future planned X-ray missions (e. g., IXO, Gen-X) if operated at traditional X-ray energies. This opens up a critical gap in performance located at short EUV wavelengths, where critical X-ray spectral transitions occur in high-z objects. However, normal-incidence multilayer-grating technology, which performs best precisely at such wavelengths, together with advanced nanolaminate replication techniques have been developed and are now mature to the point where advanced EUV instrument designs with performance complementary to IXO and Gen-X are practical. Such EUV instruments could be flown either independently or as secondary instruments on these X-ray missions. We present here a critical examination of the limits placed on extragalactic EUV measurements by ISM absorption, the range where high-z measurements are practical, and the requirements this imposes on next-generation instrument designs. We conclude with a discussion of a breakthrough technology, nanolaminate replication, which enables such instruments. C1 [Kowalski, M. P.; Wolff, M. T.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77324N DI 10.1117/12.857332 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200147 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Wood, KS Barstow, MA Cruddace, RG AF Kowalski, M. P. Wood, K. S. Barstow, M. A. Cruddace, R. G. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI It's time for a new EUV orbital mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Extreme Ultraviolet; High-Resolution Spectroscopy; Diffraction gratings; Multilayer coatings ID NEAR-NORMAL-INCIDENCE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER; X-RAY OPTICS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION; MULTILAYER; SPECTROSCOPY; REGION; GRATINGS AB The EUV waveband includes critical spectral features containing diagnostic information often not available at other wavelengths, and the bulk of radiation from million degree plasmas is emitted in the EUV. Such plasmas are ubiquitous, and examples include white dwarf photospheres; accretion phenomena in young stars, CVs and AGN; stellar coronae; and the ISM of our galaxy and of others. However, sensitive high-resolution spectroscopy is required to resolve and identify source and ISM spectral features unambiguously, and to measure line profiles and Doppler shifts. This allows exploitation of the full range of plasma diagnostic techniques developed in laboratory and solar physics. The J-PEX high-resolution EUV spectrometer has made a breakthrough in capability with an effective area of 7 cm(2) (220-250 angstrom) and resolving power of 4000, which exceed EUVE by factors of 7 and 20 respectively, and cover a range beyond the 170-angstrom cutoff of the Chandra LETG. J-PEX has flown successfully twice on NASA sounding rockets, but NASA has approved no new orbital EUV mission. It is time for one. Here we describe the scientific case for high-resolution EUV spectroscopy, summarize the technology that makes practical such measurements, and present concepts for a similar to 3-month orbital mission and for larger missions. C1 [Kowalski, M. P.; Wood, K. S.; Cruddace, R. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77322E DI 10.1117/12.857284 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200076 ER PT S AU Ray, PS Chakrabarty, D Wilson-Hodge, CA Phlips, BF Remillard, RA Levine, AM Wood, KS Wolff, MT Gwon, CS Strohmayer, TE Baysinger, M Briggs, MS Capizzo, P Fabisinski, L Hopkins, RC Hornsby, LS Johnson, L Maples, CD Miernik, JH Thomas, D De Geronimo, G AF Ray, Paul S. Chakrabarty, Deepto Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Phlips, Bernard F. Remillard, Ronald A. Levine, Alan M. Wood, Kent S. Wolff, Michael T. Gwon, Chul S. Strohmayer, Tod E. Baysinger, Michael Briggs, Michael S. Capizzo, Peter Fabisinski, Leo Hopkins, Randall C. Hornsby, Linda S. Johnson, Les Maples, C. Dauphne Miernik, Janie H. Thomas, Dan De Geronimo, Gianluigi BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI AXTAR: Mission Design Concept SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron Stars; Black Holes; X-ray Timing; Silicon Pixel Detectors; Mission Concepts ID RAY-TIMING-EXPLORER; PHOTON BUBBLE OSCILLATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; 2004 HYPERFLARE; PULSAR; BINARIES; BURSTS; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; SEARCH AB The Advanced X-ray Timing Array (AXTAR) is a mission concept for X-ray timing of compact objects that combines very large collecting area, broadband spectral coverage, high time resolution, highly flexible scheduling, and an ability to respond promptly to time-critical targets of opportunity. It is optimized for submillisecond timing of bright Galactic X-ray sources in order to study phenomena at the natural time scales of neutron star surfaces and black hole event horizons, thus probing the physics of ultradense matter, strongly curved spacetimes, and intense magnetic fields. AXTAR's main instrument, the Large Area Timing Array (LATA) is a collimated instrument with 2-50 keV coverage and over 3 square meters effective area. The LATA is made up of an array of supermodules that house 2-mm thick silicon pixel detectors. AXTAR will provide a significant improvement in effective area (a factor of 7 at 4 keV and a factor of 36 at 30 keV) over the RXTE PCA. AXTAR will also carry a sensitive Sky Monitor (SM) that acts as a trigger for pointed observations of X-ray transients in addition to providing high duty cycle monitoring of the X-ray sky. We review the science goals and technical concept for AXTAR and present results from a preliminary mission design study. C1 [Ray, Paul S.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wood, Kent S.; Wolff, Michael T.; Gwon, Chul S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 773248 DI 10.1117/12.857385 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200134 ER PT S AU Park, C Yan, H Ross, IM Gong, Q AF Park, Chandeok Yan, Hui Ross, I. Michael Gong, Qi BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI NUMERICAL VERIFICATION OF SINGULAR ARCS ON OPTIMAL MOON-TO-EARTH TRANSFER SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD AB We analyze singular arcs arising in an optimal Moon-to-Earth trajectory and numerically verify its optimality. Imposing maximum thrust, fuel budget, and flight time as design constraints, we formulate a time-bound fuel-optimal control problem. The resulting control scheme is composed of three finite burns, among which the second burn is singular. We apply our newly derived necessary conditions to verify its optimality. All numerical results are developed via the software package DIDO (c) using the Legendre pseudospectral method. C1 [Park, Chandeok; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Watkins Hall 208, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cparl@nps.edu; hyan@soe.ucsc.edu; imross@nps.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 73 EP 88 PN I-III PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282400005 ER PT S AU Park, C Ross, IM Yan, H Gong, Q AF Park, Chandeok Ross, I. Michael Yan, Hui Gong, Qi BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR SINGULAR ARCS INVOLVING MULTIPLE GRAVITATIONAL BODIES SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INTERMEDIATE-THRUST ARCS; ROCKET TRAJECTORIES; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; OPTIMALITY; EXTREMALS; FIELD AB We analyze the optimality of intermediate thrust arcs (singular arcs) of a rocket trajectory subject to gravitational forces from multiple bodies. We derive a series of necessary conditions for optimality including the generalized Legendre-Clebsche condition. We validate our derivations by showing that they are identical to Lawden's classical result if the equations of motion are reduced for a central gravitational field. As a means to illustrate the practical nature of our results, we apply them to a Moon-Earth transfer trajectory problem and show that the extremal solution is bang-singular-bang. C1 [Park, Chandeok; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Watkins Hall 208, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cparl@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu; hyan@soe.ucsc.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 107 EP 121 PN I-III PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282400007 ER PT S AU Healy, LM Henshaw, CG AF Healy, Liam M. Henshaw, C. Glen BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI PASSIVELY SAFE RELATIVE MOTION TRAJECTORIES FOR ON-ORBIT INSPECTION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A spacecraft designed for close (< 10 m) inspection of a customer spacecraft incurs a significant risk of collision. By minimizing thrusting, the risk is minimized because only collision-free relative motion trajectories are used during the non-thrusting periods. An appropriate coordinate frame and centered relative orbital elements, a geometric analog to orbital elements are introduced and the coordinate transformation defined. They are more convenient than a Cartesian solution to Hill's equations. Their dependence on constant relative orbit parameters and thus the Cartesian values, as well as their geometric meaning, are shown. Simulation of coverage over the host spacecraft is used to select the trajectory plan such that desired coverage is obtained with a minimal number of impulsive maneuvers. C1 [Healy, Liam M.; Henshaw, C. Glen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 2439 EP 2458 PN I-III PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282401041 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Korde, R Sprunck, J Medjoubi, K Hustache, S AF Seely, John F. Korde, Raj Sprunck, Jacob Medjoubi, Kadda Hustache, Stephanie BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Silicon Absolute X-Ray Detectors SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE X-ray detector; absolute calibration ID PHOTODIODES AB The responsivity of silicon photodiodes having no loss in the entrance window, measured using synchrotron radiation in the 1.75 to 60 keV range, was compared to the responsivity calculated using the silicon thickness measured using near-infrared light. The measured and calculated responsivities agree with an average difference of 1.3%. This enables their use as absolute x-ray detectors. C1 [Seely, John F.; Korde, Raj; Sprunck, Jacob; Medjoubi, Kadda; Hustache, Stephanie] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 842 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463346 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500193 ER PT B AU Stoker, D Hagan, KJ McMaster, MT AF Stoker, Donald Hagan, Kenneth J. McMaster, Michael T. BE Stoker, D Hagan, KJ McMaster, MT TI Strategy in the American War of Independence A global approach Preface SO STRATEGY IN THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Stoker, Donald; Hagan, Kenneth J.; McMaster, Michael T.] US Naval War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. [Hagan, Kenneth J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stoker, D (reprint author), US Naval War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. NR 342 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01970-2 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2010 BP XVII EP + PG 18 WC History SC History GA BMV23 UT WOS:000273642100001 ER PT B AU Hagan, KJ AF Hagan, Kenneth J. BE Stoker, D Hagan, KJ McMaster, MT TI The birth of American naval strategy SO STRATEGY IN THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hagan, Kenneth J.] US Naval War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. [Hagan, Kenneth J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hagan, KJ (reprint author), US Naval War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01970-2 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2010 BP 35 EP 57 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BMV23 UT WOS:000273642100004 ER PT J AU Atkinson, MP Wein, LM AF Atkinson, Michael P. Wein, Lawrence M. TI An Overlapping Networks Approach to Resource Allocation for Domestic Counterterrorism SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article ID CRIMINAL NETWORKS; DARK NETWORKS; MODELS AB Motivated by the links between terror and crime and the difficulty in directly detecting terror activity, this article formulates and solves a resource allocation problem on overlapping networks to determine if interdiction efforts may be able to take advantage of these connections. The government, knowing only the general structure and overlap of the networks, allocates its scarce resources to investigate each terror and criminal network. There are two stages to the investigation: an initial investigation of all nodes (i.e., terrorists or criminals) and a secondary investigation of criminals identified during the initial investigation to determine if they are terrorists. Applying the model to data derived from a population of terrorists in the United States between 1971-2003 suggests that the government may be able to exploit the terror connections of crimes that are relatively uncommon, somewhat easy to detect, and are attractive to terrorists. C1 [Wein, Lawrence M.] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Business, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atkinson, Michael P.] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wein, LM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Business, 518 Mem Way, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lwein@stanford.edu NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 618 EP 651 AR PII 923244559 DI 10.1080/1057610X.2010.484028 PG 34 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 615GF UT WOS:000279121700004 ER PT J AU Dearing, MP AF Dearing, Matthew P. TI Like Red Tulips at Springtime: Understanding the Absence of Female Martyrs in Afghanistan SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article ID SUICIDE BOMBERS; TERRORISM; MODEL AB In an era where female suicide terrorism is on the rise in conflict regions such as the Middle East, the North Caucasus, and South Asia, why has Afghanistan been largely immune to this trend? Why do some violent groups use female suicide terrorism and others avoid it? This is a critical question for policy makers and analysts attempting to understand a dangerous terrorist phenomenon and how it may evolve in Afghanistan. During the anti-Soviet jihad, narratives were woven of men and women marching through the mountains of Nuristan to ooffer their blood for the Islamic revolution like red tulips at springtime.o But today, women are wholly absent from the Taliban and their jihad in Afghanistan. This article analyzes, in particular, the absence of women in Taliban martyrdom operations. There are three primary findings from this study that explain the low propensity for female suicide bombers in Afghanistan. First, a permissive social and geographic environment in Afghanistan gives insurgents freedom of mobility and a resistance capacity characterized by a reduced necessity for female suicide bombers; second, the capacity of a fiercely conservative culture restricts female participation in both Afghan society and within insurgent organizations; and third, the pronounced absence of a female culture of martyrdom limits women from participation in insurgent actions and narratives. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dearing, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mpdearin@nps.edu NR 119 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1079 EP 1103 AR PII 929900449 DI 10.1080/1057610X.2010.523861 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 684GK UT WOS:000284538200002 ER PT S AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N Seifina, E AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nickolai Seifina, Elena BE Ruffini, R Vereshchagin, G TI Discovery of photon index saturation in the black hole binaries SO SUN, THE STARS, THE UNIVERSE, AND GENERAL RELATIVITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on the Sun, the Stars, the Universe, and General Relativity held in Honor of Ya B Zeldovich's 95th Anniversary CY APR 20-23, 2009 CL Minsk, BYELARUS SP Belarusian State Univ, Cent European Initiat, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys Network, Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars:individual (GRS 1915+105):radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; physical data and processes ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY BINARIES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SOURCE GRS 1915+105; SPECTRAL INDEX; NEUTRON-STAR; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; ACCRETION DISKS; QPO FREQUENCY AB We present a study of the correlations between spectral, timing properties and mass accretion rate observed in X-rays from the eight Galactic Black Hole (BH) binaries during the transition between hard and soft states. We analyze all transition episodes from X-ray sources observed with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We show that broad-band energy spectra of Galactic sources during all these spectral states can be adequately presented by Bulk Motion Comptonization (BMC) model. We also present observable correlations between the index and the normalization of the disk "seed" component. The use of "seed" disk normalization, which is presumably proportional to mass accretion rate in the disk, is crucial to establish the index saturation effect during the transition to the soft state. We discovered the photon index saturation of the hard spectral components at values of 2.1-3. We present a physical model which explains the index-seed photon normalization correlations. We argue that the index saturation effect of the hard component (BMC1) is due to the soft photon Comptonization in the converging inflow close to BH. We apply our scaling technique to determine BH masses and distances for Cygnus X-1, GX 339-4, 4U 1543-47, XTE J1550-564, XTE J1650-500, H 1743-322 and XTE J1859-226. Good agreement of our results for sources with known values of BH masses and distance provides an independent verification for our scaling technique. C1 [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] ICRANET, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev; Shaposhnikov, Nickolai] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Seifina, Elena] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0742-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1205 BP 168 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3382325 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQY38 UT WOS:000282104200025 ER PT S AU Hayashi, JT Menon, SK Su, JQ McNelley, TR AF Hayashi, J. T. Menon, S. K. Su, J. -Q. McNelley, T. R. BE Sanders, DG TI Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of As-Cast AA5083 for Grain Refinement and Superplasticity SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn & Educ Outreach Program, ICSAM 2009 Comm DE Friction stir processing; AA5083; Continuous casting; Grain refinement; Superplasticity ID NIAL BRONZE; MECHANISMS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; FAILURE; ALLOYS; CREEP AB Multi-pass FSP was conducted on continuously-cast (CC) AA5083 materials in the as-cast condition. Stir zone grains were refined to similar to 1.0 - 3.5 mu m in size and highly superplastic response was obtained during tension testing of the as-processed materials at 450 degrees C (>1200 pct. elongation at 10(-1) s(-1)). Current models of recrystallization do not predict adequately the highly refined grains and predominantly random textures that are observed in stir zones. Grain refinement during FSP is accompanied by refinement and redistribution of non-deforming constituents in the absence of particle fracture. The mechanics of the homogenization process remain to be established and requirements for redistribution mechanisms will be summarized. Comparison reveals that results from FSP of the as-cast material are superior to those attained in conventional processing. C1 [Hayashi, J. T.; Menon, S. K.; Su, J. -Q.; McNelley, T. R.] USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hayashi, JT (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jthayashi@nps.edu; skmeno1@nps.edu; jsu@nps.edu; tmcnelley@nps.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2010 VL 433 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.433.135 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BPU10 UT WOS:000279945300016 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TG Gravier, MJ Wittmann, CM AF Hawkins, Timothy G. Gravier, Michael J. Wittmann, C. Michael TI Enhancing reverse auction use theory: an exploratory study SO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Auctions; Sourcing; Purchasing ID BUYER-SELLER RELATIONSHIPS; SUPPLY CHAIN; DECISION-MAKING; RELATIONSHIP MARKETERS; PAST BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE; INFORMATION; PERSPECTIVE; PROCUREMENT AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a sourcing professional arrives at a decision to use an electronic reverse auction (eRA) to source a particular requirement by examining eRA appropriateness. Design/methodology/approach Past eRA research findings are synthesized into a summary table. From a comprehensive review of the literature, theories of technology adoption, social influence, referent-dependence theory, and planned behaviour are discussed and synthesized into a model that explains the antecedents of eRA appropriateness. A case study methodology using structured interviews resulted in a refined model that sheds light on some of the controversial findings regarding electronic reverse auction appropriateness. Findings Expected savings, buyer confidence, and prior eRA sourcing satisfaction are identified as new constructs that help explain the decision to source via eRAs. Additionally, perceived eRA appropriateness is proposed as a new construct that mediates the influence of external, strategy factors on the decision to source via eRAs. Research limitations/implications Recent literature suggests that the benefits of reverse auctions are overstated and reverse auctions constitute a fundamentally coercive use of buyer power. Reconciling the conflicting supplier perceptions of reverse auctions as use of coercive power with buyer perceptions of cost savings requires an explanation for the factors that lead to the decision to source via eRAs. Practical implications The modem competitive supply chain environment entices businesses to explore all avenues for cost savings. Explaining the drivers of reverse auction use illuminates the advantages and pitfalls of reverse auctions as a strategic sourcing venue. Originality/value From an extensive review of the eRA literature and eight case studies, the authors propose a model that integrates and extends previous eRA research. Key insights from the model are the mediating effect of perceived eRA appropriateness and the integration of individual level variables with the strategic decision to source via eRA. Additionally, a table is provided summarizing the findings from relevant eRA research that reveals key insights into the phenomenon. C1 [Hawkins, Timothy G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Gravier, Michael J.] Bryant Univ, Smithfield, RI USA. [Wittmann, C. Michael] Univ So Mississippi, Coll Business Adm, Dept Management & Mkt, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Hawkins, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM tghawkin@nps.edu RI Gravier, Michael/J-4573-2014 OI Gravier, Michael/0000-0001-9939-6508 NR 95 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1359-8546 J9 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAG JI Supply Chain Manag. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP 42 DI 10.1108/13598541011018102 PG 22 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 576CA UT WOS:000276120100004 ER PT J AU Stevenson, J AF Stevenson, Jonathan TI Jihad and Piracy in Somalia SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stevenson, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1080/00396331003612455 PG 12 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 552KT UT WOS:000274289600004 ER PT J AU Stevenson, J AF Stevenson, Jonathan TI The Hawk and the Dove: Paul Nitze, George Kennan, and the History of the Cold War SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stevenson, Jonathan] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stevenson, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1080/00396331003612547 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 552KT UT WOS:000274289600015 ER PT S AU Traves, W AF Traves, Will BE Campbell, HEA Helminck, AG Kraft, H Wehlau, D TI Differential Operators on Grassmann Varieties SO SYMMETRY AND SPACES: IN HONOR OF GERRY SCHWARZ SE Progress in Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symmetry and Spaces: Conference on the Occasion of Gerry Schwarz's 60th Birthday CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Fields Inst, Toronto, CANADA HO Fields Inst DE Invariant theory; Weyl algebra; differential operators; Grassmann variety; Hilbert series AB Following Weyl's account in The Classical Groups we develop an analogue of the (first and second) Fundamental Theorems of Invariant Theory for rings of differential operators: when V is a k-dimensional complex vector space with the standard SLkC action, we give a presentation of the ring of invariant differential operators D(C[V-n])(SLkC) and a description of the ring of differential operators on the G.I.T. quotient, D(C[V-n])(SLkC)), which is the ring of differential operators on the (affine cone over the) Grassmann variety of k-planes in n-dimensional space. We also compute the Hilbert series of the associated graded rings GrD(C[V-n])(SLk) and Gr(D(C[V-n])(SLkC))). This computation shows that earlier claims that the kernel of the map from D(C[V-n])(SLkC) to D(C[V-n])(SLkC)) is generated by the Casimir operator are incorrect. Something can be gleaned from these earlier incorrect computations though: the kernel meets the universal enveloping algebra of sl(k)C precisely in the central elements of U(sl(k)C). C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Traves, W (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM traves@usna.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0743-1643 BN 978-0-8176-4874-9 J9 PROG MATH PY 2010 VL 278 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4875-6_10 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BUR84 UT WOS:000290183200009 ER PT S AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, G. T. BE Fuchigami, T Evans, D Fry, A Cheek, G Maran, F TI Electrochemical Investigations of Carbonyl Complexation by Lewis Acids SO SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC ORGANIC ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthetic and Mechanistic Organic Electron Transfer Reactions held during the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Organ & Biol Electrochem, Phys & Analyt Electrochem ID HAFNIUM AB The complexation of 9-fluorenone and benzophenone by hafnium salts in acetonitrile / 0.2M TEA BF4 has been studied. From cyclic voltammetric studies, it has been found that both Hf(TfO)(4) and HfCl4 form a 1 : 1 complex with 9-fluorenone. Benzophenone also forms a 1 : 1 complex with Hf(TfO)(4). The electrochemical behavior of HfCl4 in AN / 0.2M TEA BF4 has also been investigated. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-785-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 18 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1149/1.3312770 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BCD94 UT WOS:000309920100012 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Baldwin, LC AF Davis, Matthew C. Baldwin, Lawrence C. TI Alternative Route to the Diisocyanate Building Block 1,4-Diisocyanato-4-methylpentane (DIMP) SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Curtius reaction; dicarboxylic acid; diisocyanate; dinitrile AB The synthesis of 1,4-diisocyanato-4-methylpentane was accomplished starting from isobutyronitrile in six steps with 53% overall yield. The two isocyanates were installed by a double Curtius rearrangement. The product reacts with alcohol in a regioselective manner. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Army Research Laboratory FX The generous financial support from the Army Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead of the Technical Library for obtaining Ref. 1. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2010 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1437 EP 1444 AR PII 921552219 DI 10.1080/00397910903097278 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 597EH UT WOS:000277738700003 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Groshens, TJ Parrish, DA AF Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. Parrish, Damon A. TI Preparation of Cyan Dyes from 6-Diethylaminobenzo[b]furan-2-carboxaldehyde SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Benzofuran; dyes; malononitrile dimer; polyene ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; MALONONITRILE DIMER; FACILE SYNTHESIS; ISOPHORONE AB 6-Diethylaminobenzo[b]furan-2-carboxaldehyde was synthesized in four steps and 48% overall yield starting from 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde. Five cyan dyes were made from this aldehyde using malononitrile dimer and 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran. The crystal structures of two dyes are included. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2010 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3008 EP 3020 AR PII 926886368 DI 10.1080/00397910903351568 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 650SP UT WOS:000281872900006 ER PT J AU Harper, M AF Harper, Michael BE Marchetti, N TI Systems Engineering Methodology for the Development of Disaster Tolerant Networks SO TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER AREAS SE River Publishers Series in Communications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), US Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM harper.michael@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RIVER PUBLISHERS PI AALBORG PA NIELS JERNES VEJ 10, AALBORG, 9220, DENMARK BN 978-87-92329-48-6 J9 RIVER PUBL SER COMM PY 2010 VL 12 BP 11 EP 51 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BC7AQ UT WOS:000354717400002 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Barron, CN Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ AF Kara, A. Birol Hurlburt, Harley E. Barron, Charlie N. Wallcraft, Alan J. Metzger, E. Joseph TI Can an atmospherically forced ocean model accurately simulate sea surface temperature during ENSO events ? SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; SST; SATELLITE; CONVECTION; HYCOM; DEPTH; CYCLE; SITU AB The performance of an atmospherically forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM) in simulating daily and monthly sea surface temperature (SST) is examined during the historical El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events during the time period 1993-2003. For this purpose, we use the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured for the North Pacific north of 20 degrees S at a resolution of approximate to 9 km. There is no assimilation of (or relaxation to) SST data and no date-specific assimilation of any data type. The ability of the model in simulating temporal variations of SST anomalies is discussed by comparing model results with two satellite-based SST products. The HYCOM simulation gives a basin-averaged monthly mean bias of 0.3 degrees C and rms difference of 0.6 degrees C over the North Pacific Ocean during 1993-2003. While the model is able to simulate SST anomalies with mean biases < 0.5 degrees C in comparison to observations during most of the ENSO events, limitations in the accuracy of atmospheric forcing (specifically, net short-wave radiation) have some influence on the accuracy of simulations. This is specifically demonstrated during the 1998 transition period from El Nino to La Nina, when a record large SST drop of approximate to 7 degrees C occurred in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. C1 [Kara, A. Birol; Hurlburt, Harley E.; Barron, Charlie N.; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Metzger, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hurlburt, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [6.1]; Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. M. McPhaden of the TAO project office is appreciated for continuous high resolution data support. We would like to thank Ms. J. Dastugue of NRL for processing some of the satellite-based MODAS SST fields. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) as part of the NRL 6.1 project, Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways. The HYCOM simulations were performed on a IBM SP POWER3 at the Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, Maryland and on a SGI Origin 3900 at the Aeronautical Systems Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, using grants of high performance computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The co-authors are sad to report that the lead author, A. Birol Kara, passed away on 14 September 2009 at age 39, after battling cancer for a year and a half. This is contribution NRL/JA/7320/09/9192 and has been approved for public release. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00422.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 533QA UT WOS:000272838100005 ER PT S AU Melinger, JS Harsha, SS Laman, N Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Harsha, S. Sree Laman, N. Grischkowsky, D. BE Anwar, M Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Guided wave terahertz characterization of fingerprint lines in threat materials SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS IV: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems IV - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defence CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy; far infrared spectroscopy; waveguides; explosives ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; FAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; EXPLOSIVES; PETN; THZ AB The underlying THz vibrational spectrum of explosives and related threat materials consists of a highly detailed fingerprint due to the interaction of internal and external vibrations in the crystalline environment. However, the underlying spectrum has been difficult to resolve, even at cryogenic temperatures, because of line broadening processes. In this paper we use the technique of waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to measure the underlying THz vibrational spectrum of three threat-related materials: 2,4-dintrotoleuene (2,4-DNT), 4-amino-dintrotoluene (4A-DNT), and pentaerythritol dinitrotoluene (PETN). These materials are characterized as polycrystalline layers in the 50 micron gap of a metal parallel plate waveguide. For each material, we show that waveguide THz-TDS measurements at cryogenic temperature resolve, at least partially, the underlying THz vibrational spectrum. We suggest that these narrow-line waveguide THz-TDS measurements may be used as rigorous input for theoretical computations to predict THz vibrational spectra. C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8135-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7671 AR 76710H DI 10.1117/12.851807 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSL71 UT WOS:000284871000012 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, Constance BE Petrenko, A Simao, A Maldonado, JC TI A Model-Based Approach to Testing Software for Critical Behavior and Properties SO TESTING SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IFIP International Conference on Testing Software and Systems CY NOV 08-10, 2010 CL Natal, BRAZIL SP CRIM, Conformiq, Microsoft Res AB To integrate the theoretical concepts of composition and refinement with the engineering notions of software models and components, the Naval Research Laboratory has formulated a set of practical composition-based methods, with associated modeling and proof techniques, for developing critical software systems. The general approach is to develop a set of software components and to use various forms of composition to combine the components in a manner that guarantees properties of the composite system. An assumption underlying this research is that much of the software code can be generated automatically from models using automatic code generators. A problem is that the code generated by such tools still requires testing to ensure that the software delivers its critical services correctly and that the software behavior satisfies critical properties, such as safety properties. The need for testing arises in part because only some of the required code is generated automatically: Stubs are provided for code that cannot be generated automatically (for example, certain algorithms), and such code must be constructed manually. This talk describes model-based methods for developing software, and how the models and properties developed using these methods can be used as the basis for automatically constructing tests for evaluating the correctness of software code. These tests are designed to satisfy various coverage criteria, such as branch coverage. An example is presented showing how our model-based method can be used to construct a suite of tests for evaluating the software code controlling the behavior of an autonomous system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeye@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16572-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6435 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUG59 UT WOS:000289226300002 ER PT S AU McNelley, TR Swaminathan, S Menon, SK Sui, JQ AF McNelley, T. R. Swaminathan, S. Menon, S. K. Sui, J. -Q. BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of Cast Metals: Microstructure - Property Relationships in NiAl Bronze and AA5083 SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials (THERMEC)/2nd Symposium Session on Multiscale Mechanical Modelling of Complex Materials and Engineering Applications CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE Friction stir processing; Multi-pass processing; Microstructure control; Temperature distribution; Strain distribution; Mechanical properties; Superplasticity ID SUPERPLASTIC AA5083; DEFORMATION; CREEP AB Parameters for multi-pass FSP include the pattern of tool traverse and step-over distance between successive passes Multi-pass FSP was conducted on as-cast NiAl bronze and as-cast AA5083 in order to modify stir zone (SZ) microstructures and mechanical properties Highly refined and homogeneous SZ microstructures may be produced by FSP. Refined and equiaxed grain structures reflect recrystallization during FSP; mechanisms leading to homogenization by redistribution of microstructure constituents remain to be determined. Refined microstructures exhibit enhanced ambient-temperature properties and superplasticity at elevated temperatures. C1 [McNelley, T. R.; Menon, S. K.; Sui, J. -Q.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swaminathan, S.] GE Global Res, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu; srinivasan.swaminathan@ge.com; jsu@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 35 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.35 PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043800006 ER PT S AU Imam, MA Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Feng, CR Stephenson, C Kinkead, AK Gold, SH AF Imam, M. A. Fliflet, A. W. Bruce, R. W. Feng, C. R. Stephenson, C. Kinkead, A. K. Gold, S. H. BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI Recent Advances in Microwave, Millimeter-Wave and Plasma-Assisted Processing of Materials SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE microwave; polyol method; millimeter-wave plasma; sintering; melting AB We present results on microwave, millimeter-wave, and millimeter-wave-driven plasma-assisted processing of materials. The research is primarily based on two systems- a 2.45 GHz, 6 kW S-band system and an 83 GHz, 15 kW gyrotron-based quasi-optical system. The S-Band system is used to synthesize nanophase metals, metal mixtures, and metal oxides by our patented continuous microwave polyol process, which has potential for large scale and low cost production. This system is also being investigated to develop techniques for titanium melting and sintering. The 83-GHz system is used for rapid sintering of ceramic powder compacts to produce polycrystalline materials with limited grain growth. An important application is to the development of polycrystalline laser host materials for high power solid-state lasers, where the requirement is for transparency with high optical quality and good lasing efficiency We are currently investigating solid-state reactive sintering of Nd-doped YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) from commercial oxide powders. This has thus far yielded translucent samples with good fluorescence lifetime of the lasing state. Techniques for further reducing light scattering by residual pores are being investigated. Finally, the millimeter-wave system is being used in the development of millimeter-wave plasma-assisted diamond deposition, as the quasi-optical system has significant advantages over conventional microwave plasma-assisted diamond deposition systems The results and implications of this wide range of materials processing experiments are presented and discussed C1 [Imam, M. A.; Fliflet, A. W.; Bruce, R. W.; Feng, C. R.; Stephenson, C.; Kinkead, A. K.; Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stephenson, Chad/O-6123-2014 OI Stephenson, Chad/0000-0002-3766-5247 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 2052 EP 2057 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF638-642.2052 PN 1-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043801006 ER PT S AU Judd, KP Handler, RA Smith, GB AF Judd, K. Peter Handler, Robert A. Smith, Geoffrey B. BE Dinwiddie, RB Safai, M TI The Use of Infrared Imagery to Quantify Near Surface Thermal and Hydrodynamic Features on Bodies of Water SO THERMOSENSE XXXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXXII CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Infrared imagery; turbulent jet; air-water interface; surface thermal field; Kolmogorov; Reynolds AB Infrared imaging has proven to be an invaluable tool for remotely detecting and tracking coupled near-surface thermal-hydrodynamic structures such as foam patches of breaking waves, Langmuir circulation and convective cells, thermal impressions of water mass movement and pollutant effluxes. The ability to quantify such characteristics is vital to determining the complex nature of heat transport, gas entrainment and momentum exchange across air-water interfaces. These physical processes play an important role in determining global climate and their accurate description is necessary for consistent weather modeling. In this presentation, we focus on a laboratory scale subsurface turbulent water jet that serves as a canonical near surface event. The jet liquid has a slightly elevated temperature and is placed in close proximity to the air-water interface of a quiescent water basin into which it flows. Infrared image sequences of the surface thermal field were collected for various water jet flow rates and used to examine the detailed statistical nature of the resulting coupled thermal-hydrodynamic field. We discuss the similarities of the spatial structure of the surface thermal field in light of observations made with other sensing techniques, the relevant length and thermal scales present and the order of the fluctuating surface thermal field using Karhunen-Loeve analysis. C1 [Judd, K. Peter; Handler, Robert A.; Smith, Geoffrey B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8125-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7661 AR 766104 DI 10.1117/12.850266 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Optics SC Thermodynamics; Optics GA BSS33 UT WOS:000285625700002 ER PT J AU Jung, Y Mastro, M Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Jung, Younghun Mastro, Michael Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Electrical and structural characterizations of non-polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; Non-polar structure; Schottky contact; Scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition ID GAN; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSISTORS; MECHANISM; LEAKAGE; GATE AB A non-polar AlGaN/GaN structure is a strong candidate for the high-voltage device that can operate in enhancement-mode compared to the depletion-mode operation that is practically unavoidable for a standard polar AlGaN/GaN structure. Growth of non-polar GaN is non-trivial and a two-step nucleation scheme was developed to produce high-quality non-polar a-plane AlGaN/GaN structures on r-plane sapphire. The anisotropic nature of non-polar GaN requires a modification to a typical polar GaN-based transistor fabrication process. A KOH wet etch proceeded by a dramatically different mechanism compared to the standard polar c-face AlGaN/GaN structure. This device with Pt/Au Schottky gate displayed a barrier height of 0.76 eV and an ideality factor of 4 at 20 degrees C. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Younghun; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research - Global [62909-09-1-4060]; BK21 program FX Research at the Naval Research Lab is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research - Global (62909-09-1-4060). Research at Korea University was supported by BK21 program. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.11.069 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 559GU UT WOS:000274812200022 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Jernigan, GG Simons, D Chi, P Jonker, BT van 't Erve, OMJ AF Thompson, P. E. Jernigan, G. G. Simons, D. Chi, P. Jonker, B. T. van 't Erve, O. M. J. TI Phosphorus doping of silicon at substrate temperatures above 600 degrees C SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Silicon Epitaxy and Heterostructures (ICSI-6) CY MAY 17-22, 2009 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Silicon; Epitaxy; Phosphorus; Doping ID DECOMPOSITION AB Phosphorus doping of silicon during growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated in the temperature regime 700 degrees C to 870 degrees C. By designing a growth sequence that fully accounts for the P deposited in a delta-doped layer, and then tracks the P as it segregates into the undoped Si and traps the surface P in a low temperature Si cap, it was determined that the onset of significant P evaporation during growth occurred at a substrate temperature of 663 degrees C +/- 10 degrees C. The P sublimation process had an activation energy of 199 kJ/mol +/- 22 kJ/mol. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thompson, P. E.; Jernigan, G. G.; Jonker, B. T.; van 't Erve, O. M. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Simons, D.; Chi, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phillip.thompson@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 518 SU 1 BP S270 EP S272 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.10.105 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 559GV UT WOS:000274812400063 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HD Galitz, MS Mai, VQ Clyde, PW Glister, BC Shakir, MKM AF Nguyen, Huong D. Galitz, Michael S. Mai, Vinh Q. Clyde, Patrick W. Glister, Babette C. Shakir, Mohamed K. M. TI Management of Coexisting Thyrotropin/Growth-Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Therapeutic Challenge SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT HUMAN TSH; HYPERTHYROIDISM; ASSOCIATION; RESISTANCE; ABLATION; PATIENT; TUMORS AB Background: A thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma coexisting with differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare. There have been only four previously reported cases; three were treated with thyroidectomy followed by pituitary resection and one was treated with thyroidectomy alone. Methods: We hereby report the fifth case, in which a patient presented with a TSH/growth-hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenoma coexisting with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Results: She underwent biochemical testing, ophthalmologic examination, thyroid ultrasonography, Tc-99m-pertechnetate thyroid scan, whole-body positron emission tomography, (111)In-octreotide scan, thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy, octreotide treatment, total thyroidectomy, recombinant human TSH radioactive iodine remnant ablation, and continued treatment with octreotide and levothyroxine after thyroidectomy. She has remained asymptomatic for 24 months without biochemical or radiological evidence of pituitary hormone oversecretion, pituitary adenoma enlargement, and PTC recurrence. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of a TSH/growth-hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenoma coexisting with PTC being successfully treated with octreotide and levothyroxine after thyroidectomy and recombinant human TSH-stimulated radioactive iodine remnant ablation. C1 [Nguyen, Huong D.; Mai, Vinh Q.; Clyde, Patrick W.; Glister, Babette C.; Shakir, Mohamed K. M.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Galitz, Michael S.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Endocrinol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Nguyen, HD (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM huong.nguyen@med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1089/thy.2009.0160 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 543FI UT WOS:000273556500014 PM 20067380 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Tile-Based Geospatial Information Systems Principles and Practices Introduction SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900001 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Logical Tile Schemes SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900002 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Tiled Mapping Clients SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900003 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Image Processing and Manipulation SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 35 EP 79 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 45 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900004 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Image Tile Creation SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900005 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Optimization of Tile Creation SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 116 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900006 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Tile Storage SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900007 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Practical Tile Storage SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900008 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Tile Serving SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900009 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Map Projections SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 165 EP 191 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900010 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Tile Creation using Vector Data SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900011 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Case Study: Tiles from Blue Marble Imagery SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900012 ER PT B AU Sample, JT Ioup, E AF Sample, John T. Ioup, Elias BA Sample, JT Ioup, E BF Sample, JT Ioup, E TI Case Study: Supporting Multiple Tile Clients SO TILE-BASED GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sample, John T.; Ioup, Elias] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sample, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7630-7 PY 2010 BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7631-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BSD07 UT WOS:000284128900013 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF A NUMERICAL METHOD SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONJUGATE-GRADIENT METHOD; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; FIRST KIND; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS; OPERATOR-EQUATIONS; POSED PROBLEMS; CHOICE C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 1 EP 80 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 80 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700002 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI Time and Frequency Domain Solutions of EM Problems Using Integral Equations and a Hybrid Methodology Preface SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP XV EP XVIII D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700001 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING STRUCTURES IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 81 EP 98 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700003 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF DIELECTRIC OBJECTS IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINEAR SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; POTENTIAL INTEGRALS; BODIES; EQUATION; FIELD; SHAPE C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 99 EP 165 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 67 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700004 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARBITRARY CROSS-SECTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; CONDUCTORS; RADIATION; THICKNESS; BODIES C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 167 EP 192 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700005 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING WIRES IN THE TIME DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD INTEGRAL-EQUATION; THIN WIRES; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; RADIATION; ANTENNAS; BODIES; EXCITATION C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 193 EP 218 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700006 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING STRUCTURES IN THE TIME DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD INTEGRAL-EQUATION; TRANSIENT SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ARBITRARY SHAPE; IMPLICIT SOLUTION; WIRE STRUCTURES; SURFACES; CYLINDERS; BODIES C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 219 EP 284 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 66 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700007 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI ANALYSIS OF DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES IN THE TIME DOMAIN SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD INTEGRAL-EQUATION; TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; LINEAR SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONS; POTENTIAL INTEGRALS; BODIES; OBJECTS; TRIANGLE; SHAPE; MFIE C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 285 EP 337 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 53 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700008 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI AN IMPROVED MARCHING-ON-IN-DEGREE (MOD) METHODOLOGY SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD INTEGRAL-EQUATION C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 339 EP 359 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700009 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI NUMERICAL EXAMPLES FOR THE NEW AND IMPROVED MARCHING-ON-IN-DEGREE (MOD) METHOD SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 361 EP 391 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700010 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI A HYBRID METHOD USING EARLY-TIME AND LOW-FREQUENCY INFORMATION TO GENERATE A WIDEBAND RESPONSE SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSIENT SCATTERING; DOMAIN RESPONSES; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; CONDUCTING OBJECTS; EXTRAPOLATION; POLYNOMIALS; SYSTEMS; BODIES C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 393 EP 449 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 57 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700011 ER PT B AU Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A Salazar-Palma, M Rao, SM AF Jung, B. H. Sarkar, T. K. Ting, S. W. Zhang, Y. Mei, Z. Ji, Z. Yuan, M. De, A. Salazar-Palma, M. Rao, S. M. BA Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM BF Jung, BH Sarkar, TK Ting, SW Zhang, Y Mei, Z Ji, Z Yuan, M De, A SalazarPalma, M Rao, SM TI USER GUIDE FOR THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN EM SOLVER USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS (TFDSIE) SO TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTIONS OF EM PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND A HYBRID METHODOLOGY SE Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jung, B. H.] Hoseo Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Ting, S. W.] Univ Macau, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Taipa, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Xidian Univ, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mei, Z.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Ji, Z.] Res In Mot, Irving, TX USA. [Yuan, M.] Syracuse Univ, Electromagnet & Signal Proc Res Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Yuan, M.] Cadence Design Syst Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yuan, M.] Apache Design Solut, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [De, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, M.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Madrid, Spain. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rao, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jung, BH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-89231-2; 978-0-470-48767-9 J9 WILEY MICRO PY 2010 BP 451 EP 474 D2 10.1002/9780470892329 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA4ZD UT WOS:000336441700012 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, Khershed P. GP TMS TI MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES IN HYBRID FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS SO TMS 2010 139TH ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3: GENERAL PAPER SELECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TMS 2010 Annual Meeting Supplemental Proceedings on Materials Processing and Properties CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA DE Hybrid Flexible Electronics; Organics; Manufacturing AB Flexible electronics is a relatively new field involving electronic or optoelectronic devices on flexible substrates. It is a silicon-based technology necessitating ingenious ways of laying down the brittle silicon and other inorganic semiconductors on plastic substrates. Hybrid flexible electronics is an emerging technology of considerable promise. Conformable, foldable, stretchable, rollable and deformable electronic devices are possible. A key ingredient is organics, which opens up the material selection window significantly for the development of semiconductors, dielectrics and other electronic components. However, to advance hybrid flexible electronics, there is a pressing need for research in thin-film organic-inorganic hybrid circuits, devices and systems and high throughput, roll-to-roll manufacturing requiring high resolution and accurate registry. An in-depth understanding of materials behavior and fabrication issues should advance the field greatly so applications such as lighting, photovoltaics, batteries, displays, e-paper, sensors, actuators, RFIDs on flexible substrates can be realized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-753-7 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 40 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BUB38 UT WOS:000288718800004 ER PT J AU Ratwani, RM Trafton, JG AF Ratwani, Raj M. Trafton, J. Gregory TI A Generalized Model for Predicting Postcompletion Errors SO TOPICS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Human error; Procedural error; Eye tracking; Cognitive models; Predictive models; Interruptions ID MEMORY MODEL; TASK AB A postcompletion error is a type of procedural error that occurs after the main goal of a task has been accomplished. There is a strong theoretical foundation accounting for postcompletion errors (Altmann & Trafton, 2002; Byrne & Bovair, 1997). This theoretical foundation has been leveraged to develop a logistic regression model of postcompletion errors based on reaction time and eye movement measures (Ratwani, McCurry, & Trafton, 2008). This study further develops and extends this predictive model by (a) validating the model and the general set of predictors on a new task to test the robustness of the model, and (b) determining which specific theoretical components are most important to postcompletion error prediction. C1 [Ratwani, Raj M.; Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Fairfax, VA USA. [Ratwani, Raj M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Ratwani, RM (reprint author), 4400 Univ Dr,MS3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rratwani@gmu.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1756-8757 J9 TOP COGN SCI JI Top. Cogn. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01070.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 675VE UT WOS:000283866800013 PM 25163628 ER PT J AU Priddy, LP Jersey, SR Reese, CM AF Priddy, Lucy P. Jersey, Sarah R. Reese, Cody M. TI Full-Scale Field Testing for Injected Foam Stabilization of Portland Cement Concrete Repairs SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB A series of foam-injected repairs was performed on a portland cement concrete (PCC) test section at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Repairs consisted of uncompacted backfill overlaid by a 9-in, rapid-setting cementitious cap. A series of injection tubes was inserted through the cap into the uncompacted debris backfill, and a two-component rigid polyurethane foam was injected into this backfill. The test matrix compared the performance of three different repairs using various volumes of injected foam. A fourth repair was constructed without injected foam as a control item. Three hours after cap construction, the repairs underwent simulated aircraft traffic with an F-15E load cart. The performance of the four repairs was measured by passes to failure. The results of traffic testing were used to evaluate foam-injection technology for rapid repair of PCC pavements. The performances of foam-injected repairs were also compared with poured foam and traditional full-depth backfill repairs, each capped with rapid-setting materials. Comparisons were made about pavement performance, costs, and total duration required for installing the repair. Results showed that injection of excessive foam was detrimental to the repair surface, because it induced cracking before traffic application, and could lead to premature development of foreign object damage. However, repairs using moderate amounts of foam and pure backfill sustained the required traffic levels, defined by the research sponsor, of 200 passes within 4 h of initiating the pavement repair. For cost and repair duration, those repairs that did not include foam were more effective. C1 [Priddy, Lucy P.; Jersey, Sarah R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reese, Cody M.] USN, Facil Engn Command, Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Priddy, LP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM lucy.p.priddy@usace.army.mil FU Headquarters, Air Combat Command and Headquarters, Department of the Navy by the Office of Naval Research, Rapid Technology Transition Office FX The tests described and the resulting data presented in this paper were obtained from research sponsored by Headquarters, Air Combat Command and Headquarters, Department of the Navy by the Office of Naval Research, Rapid Technology Transition Office. This work was conducted at the U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station. Permission was granted by the laboratory director to publish this information. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2155 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.3141/2155-03 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 691JB UT WOS:000285075000003 ER PT J AU Malvar, LJ AF Malvar, L. J. TI Detecting Voids Under Pavements Update on Approach of U S Department of Defense SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Several accidents involving aircraft punching through airfield pavements prompted the U S Navy to develop a technology for void detection Initially a successful void detection survey was completed at a naval air station where several voids were generated by leakage of large under ground drainpipes Various methods were used such as internal video taping of the pipes heavy weight deflectometer (HWD) testing testing with a ground penetrating radar and testing with a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) A state of the art review was also completed to assess all existing technology applicable to void detection under pavements However the optimum technology (visual inspection and testing with an HWD and a DCP) still presented limitations because of the availability and speed of data acquisition requiring prioritization of the work A risk analysis was then completed and established work prioritization within each airfield and providing a prioritization of all U S Navy and Marine Corps airfield pavements An interim policy and technical guidance (IP&TG) was issued on March 23 2000 to establish the void detection methodology developed This IP&TG was recently updated and included as an appendix in U S Department of Defense Unified Facilities Crite non UFC 3 260 03 and routinely applied at all 70 major U S Navy and Marine Corps airfields This paper summarizes the methodology used and presents some recent field cases C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Malvar, LJ (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. FU Navy Installations Command; Marine Corps FX The reported assessments and repairs were completed by the Navy Pavement Team in particular NAVFAC Southwest Southeast and Atlantic Support by the Tri Service Pavement Team in developing and implementing this technology is also acknowledged The air field pavement void detection program is sponsored by the commander of Navy Installations Command and the commandant of the Marine Corps NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2170 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 703CW UT WOS:000285952700004 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Rappazzo, AF Velli, M AF Dahlburg, R. B. Rappazzo, A. F. Velli, M. BE Maksimovic, M Issautier, K MeyerVernet, N Moncuquet, M Pantellini, F TI Turbulence, Energy Transfers and Reconnection in Compressible Coronal Heating Field-line Tangling Models SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL St Milo, FRANCE SP LESIA, Paris Observ, CNRS, CNES, French Natl Sun Earth Connect Program, European Space Agcy, NASA DE Coronal Heating; Turbulence; Computational Magnetohydrodynamics ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION; EVOLUTION AB MHD turbulence has long been proposed as a mechanism for the heating of coronal loops in the framework of the Parker scenario for coronal heating. So far most of the studies have focused on its dynamical properties without considering its thermodynamical and radiative features, because of the very demanding computational requirements. In this paper we extend this previous research to the compressible regime, including an energy equation, by using HYPERION, a new parallelized, viscoresistive, three-dimensional compressible MHD code. HYPERION employs a Fourier collocation - finite difference spatial discretization, and uses a third-order Runge-Kutta temporal discretization. We show that the implementation of a thermal conduction parallel to the DC magnetic field induces a radiative emission concentrated at the boundaries, with properties similar to the chromosphere-transition region-corona system. C1 [Dahlburg, R. B.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rappazzo, A. F.; Velli, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rappazzo@jpl.nasa.gov; mvelli@jpl.nasa.gov FU ONR; NASA Sun-Earth Connection Theory and Guest Investigator Programs; NASA; Department of Defense HighPerformance Computing Modernization Program; Italian Space Agency contract Solar System Exploration FX We thank J. A. Klimchuk, G. Einaudi, G. Nigro and H, Warren for helpful conversations. This work was supported by ONR and the NASA Sun-Earth Connection Theory and Guest Investigator Programs. A.F.R. is supported by the NASA postdoctoral program. Computer time was provided by the Department of Defense HighPerformance Computing Modernization Program. The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was also supported by the Italian Space Agency contract Solar System Exploration. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0759-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1216 BP 40 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3395890 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQO19 UT WOS:000281438100009 ER PT S AU Liewer, PC DeJong, EM Hall, JR Howard, RA Thompson, WT Thernisien, A AF Liewer, P. C. DeJong, E. M. Hall, J. R. Howard, R. A. Thompson, W. T. Thernisien, A. BE Maksimovic, M Issautier, K MeyerVernet, N Moncuquet, M Pantellini, F TI Determination of CME Trajectories by Stereoscopic Analysis of STEREO/SECCHI Data SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL St Milo, FRANCE SP LESIA, Paris Observ, CNRS, CNES, French Natl Sun Earth Connect Program, European Space Agcy, NASA DE Coronal Mass Ejections; STEREO; stereoscopy ID SECCHI AB The SECCHI coronagraphs on the twin STEREO spacecraft give simultaneous views of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from two viewpoints. Stereoscopic analysis of a time series of CME coronagraph image pairs allows one to determine the three-dimensional (longitude, latitude and velocity) trajectory of the CME. Here, we briefly describe the tie-pointing and triangulation techniques used to determine the trajectories of five CMEs. The trajectories are compared with trajectories determined using two other stereoscopic techniques. We find good agreement on the results from the different techniques. For the four cases where the solar source was known, the longitude and latitude of the CME trajectory beyond the corona are compared with those of the source region to test the assumption of radial propagation from the source. Our results support the standard view that CMEs can be deflected significantly in latitude as they propagate through the low corona. C1 [Liewer, P. C.; DeJong, E. M.; Hall, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Howard, R. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Thompson, W. T.] Adnet Syst Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Thernisien, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paulett.Liewer@jpl.nasa.gov RI Thompson, William/D-7376-2012 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0759-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1216 BP 412 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3395891 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQO19 UT WOS:000281438100097 ER PT S AU Carter, SG Economou, SE Shabaev, A Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Reinecke, TL Chen, ZG Cundiff, ST AF Carter, Samuel G. Economou, Sophia E. Shabaev, Andrew Kennedy, Thomas A. Bracker, Allan S. Reinecke, Thomas L. Chen, Zhigang Cundiff, Steven T. BE Song, JJ Tsen, KT Betz, M Elezzabi, AY TI Ultrafast optical control of electron spins in quantum wells and quantum dots SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructure Materials XIV CY JAN 24-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; quantum wells; ultrafast optical control; electron spins; nuclear spins ID N-TYPE CDS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTOR; MANIPULATION; COHERENCE; LOCKING AB Using two-color time-resolved Faraday rotation and ellipticity, we demonstrate ultrafast optical control of electron spins in GaAs quantum wells and InAs quantum dots. In quantum wells, a magnetic-field induced electron spin polarization is manipulated by off-resonant pulses. By measuring the amplitude and phase of the spin polarization as a function of pulse detuning, we observe the two competing optical processes: real excitation, which generates a spin polarization through excitation of electron-hole pairs; and virtual excitation, which can manipulate a spin polarization through a stimulated Raman process without exciting electron-hole pairs. In InAs quantum dots, the spin coherence time is much longer, so that the effect of many repetitions of the pump pulses is important. Through real excitation, the pulse train efficiently polarizes electron spins that precess at multiples of the laser repetition frequency, leading to a "mode-locking" phenomenon. Through virtual excitation, the spins can be partially rotated toward the magnetic field direction, leading to a sensitive dependence of the spin orientation on the precession frequency and detuning. The electron spin dynamics strongly influence the nuclear spin dynamics as well, leading to directional control of the nuclear polarization distribution. C1 [Carter, Samuel G.; Economou, Sophia E.; Kennedy, Thomas A.; Bracker, Allan S.; Reinecke, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sam.carter@nrl.navy.mil RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7996-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7600 AR 76000Y DI 10.1117/12.840677 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSO19 UT WOS:000285084800017 ER PT S AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, Neil C. BE Carapezza, EM TI Efficient deployment of fiber-optic cable seismic sensors SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE sensors; fiber optics; seismic; active sensing; deployment; optimization AB We explore the options in deployment of fiber-optic cables as seismic sensors, a technology that has only become practical recently. Cables provide sensing capabilities along their lengths and thus provide a fundamentally different capability than the traditional point sensors. Furthermore, cables can have gradual curves, and this enables deployments to be fit precisely to sensing needs such as irregularities in the terrain. We discuss grid deployments and contrast them with curving deployments such as regular and irregular spirals. We discuss how to manage deployments over terrain with varying degrees of interest for monitoring. We then discuss some of the processing challenges in analyzing data where one dimension (distance) is much more precise than another (time of occurrence). Key concerns are in detecting changes in speed and direction, which can be tracked if processors hand off data to one another at known turn points such as road intersections. We discuss a bent-cable deployment that can facilitate such tracking. This paper appeared in the Proceedings of SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conference, Vol. 7693, Orlando, Florida, April 2010. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, CS Rp, NPGS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, CS Rp, NPGS, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Ncrowe@nps.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 76930T DI 10.1117/12.850462 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500013 ER PT S AU Wettergren, TA AF Wettergren, Thomas A. BE Carapezza, EM TI An Optimization Approach to Generate Robust Tradeoffs for the Configuration of Passive Sensor Fields Against Moving Targets SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sensor fields; surveillance; optimization; tradeoffs AB The performance of a distributed sensor field that seeks to achieve surveillance coverage against moving targets is tied to many different constraints and competing objectives. Understanding these tradeoffs is paramount if such systems are to be efficiently designed and employed. When physically deploying the sensor field, the placement of sensors in specific patterns can tremendously alter the system's performance relative to these tradeoffs. Given a robust parameterization of the field configuration, the tradeoffs manifest themselves as boundaries in the space of achievable parameter combinations under the system's constraints. In this paper, we utilize a numerical Pareto optimization approach to derive explicit tradeoff surfaces for the problem of a cooperative network of passive sensor nodes, illustrating the tradeoff between improving field-level search performance and decreasing false searches. We conclude by discussing the impact of these results on the deployment of sensor fields. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM thomas.wettergren@navy.mil OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 769310 DI 10.1117/12.854686 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500017 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Atmospheric transmission at similar to 1.55 mu m for free-space optical communication SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XII CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Free-space optics; MODTRAN; communications networks AB Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication, but atmospheric conditions can significantly affect the capability of a communication system to transfer information successfully. The effects of atmosphere on FSO communication and consequent optimal wavelength range for transmission are investigated through MODTRAN-based modeling of 1.55 mu m transmission for multiple elevation angles in atmospheric conditions including clear maritime, desert extinction, and various levels of rain and fog. Beam transmission was also simulated for different relevant elevations for surface-to-surface and surface-to-air free-space optical communication networks. The atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are investigated for optical path lengths of 2 km to determine transmit power required for successful data reception. In addition, FSO transmitter and receiver circuits were designed to optically relay an analog video signal and tested at path distances of up to 130 m. Using advanced tunable laser sources to provide illumination across wavelength ranges, particularly around the eye-safe 1.55 mu m wavelength, it should be possible to overcome transmission limitations associated with adverse weather and atmospheric conditions. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8157-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7693 AR 76931F DI 10.1117/12.851797 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN18 UT WOS:000284996500024 ER PT S AU Morris, A Jankowski, P Bourgeois, BS Petry, FE AF Morris, Ashley Jankowski, Piotr Bourgeois, Brian S. Petry, Frederick E. BE Kacprzyk, J Petry, FE Yazici, A TI Decision Support Classification of Geospatial and Regular Objects Using Rough and Fuzzy Sets SO UNCERTAINTY APPROACHES FOR SPATIAL DATA MODELING AND PROCESSING: A DECISION SUPPORT PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE fuzzy sets; rough sets; spatial databases; geospatial databases; uncertainty; OWA AB In Geospatial Databases, there is often the need to store and manipulate objects with uncertain, fuzzy, or indeterminate boundaries. Both fuzzy sets and rough sets have been used with success in this undertaking. In this paper we explore how we can use both of these techniques to better classify and categorize both regular objects and geospatial objects. C1 [Morris, Ashley] Depaul Univ, Sch CTI, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Jankowski, Piotr] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Sect 7440 5, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Morris, A (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Sch CTI, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jankowski, Piotr/B-8481-2015 OI Jankowski, Piotr/0000-0002-6303-6217 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-10662-0 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2010 VL 271 BP 3 EP 8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10663-7 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BNW33 UT WOS:000275727800001 ER PT S AU Sozer, A Yazici, A Oguztuzun, H Petry, FE AF Soezer, Aziz Yazici, Adnan Oguztuezuen, Halit Petry, Frederick E. BE Kacprzyk, J Petry, FE Yazici, A TI Querying Fuzzy Spatiotemporal Databases: Implementation Issues SO UNCERTAINTY APPROACHES FOR SPATIAL DATA MODELING AND PROCESSING: A DECISION SUPPORT PERSPECTIVE SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS; SPATIAL OBJECTS; DATA MODEL; REGIONS AB Modeling and querying spatiotemporal data, in particular fuzzy and complex spatial objects representing geographic entities and relations are challenging topics that have many applications in geographic information systems. In a recent article the authors have presented an approach to these problems. The present chapter focuses on the issues that arise from implementing this approach. As a case study the implementation of a meteorological database application that combines an object-oriented database with a knowledgebase is discussed. C1 [Soezer, Aziz; Yazici, Adnan] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Multimedia Database Lab, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sozer, A (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Multimedia Database Lab, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM yazici@ceng.metu.edu.tr; e070364@ceng.metu.edu.tr; e070364@ceng.metu.edu.tr; yazici@ceng.metu.edu.tr NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-10662-0 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2010 VL 271 BP 97 EP 116 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10663-7 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BNW33 UT WOS:000275727800007 ER PT S AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, Craig L. BE Symonds, CL TI Union Combined Operations in the Civil War Introduction SO UNION COMBINED OPERATIONS IN THE CIVIL WAR SE Norths Civil War LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORDHAM UNIV PRESS PI BRONX PA UNIV BOX L, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 1089-8719 BN 978-0-8232-3286-4 J9 N CIVIL WAR PY 2010 BP 1 EP 9 D2 10.5422/fso/9780823232864.001.0001 PG 9 WC History SC History GA BYP11 UT WOS:000299545900001 ER PT S AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, Craig L. BE Symonds, CL TI Grant Moves South: Combined Operations on the James River, 1864 SO UNION COMBINED OPERATIONS IN THE CIVIL WAR SE Norths Civil War LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORDHAM UNIV PRESS PI BRONX PA UNIV BOX L, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 1089-8719 BN 978-0-8232-3286-4 J9 N CIVIL WAR PY 2010 BP 87 EP 95 D2 10.5422/fso/9780823232864.001.0001 PG 9 WC History SC History GA BYP11 UT WOS:000299545900008 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Effects of atmosphere on free-space optical transmission at 1.55 mu m SO UNMANNED-UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks VII CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, Electro Magnet Remote Sensing Defence Technol Ctr, SFO DE Free-space optics; MODTRAN; communication networks; infrared lasers AB Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication, but atmospheric conditions can significantly affect the capability of this type of communication system to transfer information consistently and operate effectively. The effects of atmosphere on FSO communication and consequent optimal wavelength range for transmission are investigated through MODTRAN-based modeling of 1.55 mu m transmission for multiple elevation angles in atmospheric weather conditions including clear maritime, desert extinction, and various levels of rain and fog, to simulate surface-to-surface and surface-to-air FSO communication networks. Furthermore, atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are analyzed for optical path lengths of 2 km to determine minimum transmit power required for successful data reception. In addition, FSO transmitter and receiver circuits were designed to optically relay analog video signals and their operation verified at path distances of up to 130 m. Using advanced laser sources to provide illumination at infrared wavelengths, particularly around the eye-safe 1.55 mu m wavelength, it should be possible to overcome many transmission limitations associated with atmospheric conditions such as adverse weather and turbulence. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8351-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7833 AR 783313 DI 10.1117/12.867863 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ35 UT WOS:000287764000024 ER PT B AU Gorham, ED Mohr, SB Garland, FC Garland, CF AF Gorham, Edward D. Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Frank C. Garland, Cedric F. BE Holick, MF TI Vitamin D for Cancer Prevention and Survival SO VITAMIN D: PHYSIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, SECOND EDITION SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; breast neoplasms; colonic neoplasms; ovarian neoplasms; dose response; pathogenesis; prevention ID ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIANCE; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D LEVELS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; MAMMARY STEM-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; D SUPPLEMENTATION; MORTALITY-RATES; OVARIAN-CANCER AB Higher levels of the principal circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], are associated with substantially lower incidence and death rates from colon, breast, and ovarian cancer, with a linear dose response gradient. The accumulated evidence from observational studies and a randomized trial reveal that population serum levels of 25(OH)D in the range of 40-60 ng/ml will markedly reduce incidence and mortality rates of several cancers including those of the breast, colon, and ovary. There is an immediate clinical need for cancer care providers worldwide to assure that a serum 25(OH)D level > 40 ng/ml is achieved as soon as feasible after diagnosis of patients with breast and colon cancer, unless specifically contraindicated by preexisting. hypercalcemia. This serum target could he revisited after further rigorous studies are performed, but the evidence that has accumulated during the past 30 years is sufficiently strong now to adopt the above dosages and serum targets for professional and public health action. Such prompt action is likely to cut mortality from these cancers by half within approximately 5 years. Research on a wider range of cancer types with higher scrum 25(OH)D levels (>= 50 ng/ml or 125 nmol/l) is needed. In the meantime, vitamin D-3 intake by everyone in the continental United States and Canada aged I year and older should be no less than 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D-3 and 1,000 IU/day for infants. C1 [Gorham, Edward D.; Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Frank C.; Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gorham, Edward D.; Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Frank C.; Garland, Cedric F.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 131 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60327-300-8 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2010 BP 813 EP 840 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_44 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9 PG 28 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BOR11 UT WOS:000277365800044 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, Clifford M. TI The road to quantum level negative index metamaterials SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Summer CRI Workshop on Optical Waves in Metamaterials and their Applications CY MAY 27-30, 2009 CL Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC SP Charlotte Res Inst HO Univ N Carolina ID LEFT-HANDEDNESS; CRYSTALS AB Here a brief summary of the basic properties of and past work on negative refraction (NR) and negative index materials (NIMs) is given, to provide a backdrop for a presentation on quantum level approaches to obtaining NR and NIM. Then the quantum level approach is explained, in terms of why it may be a useful alternative to macroscopic methods, how it works, some fabrication issues associated with it, the energy levels schemes likely to be productive in finding NR and NIM, the analytical and numerical technique, and numerical results using the quantum level approach. C1 USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 223 EP 250 AR PII 919794669 DI 10.1080/17455030903581149 PG 28 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610HH UT WOS:000278721800003 ER PT S AU Mastro, MA Kim, HY Ahn, J Kim, J Hite, J Eddy, CR AF Mastro, M. A. Kim, H. -Y. Ahn, J. Kim, J. Hite, J. Eddy, C. R., Jr. BE Kim, J Stokes, EB Hunter, GW Sarkozy, S TI Quasi-Ballistic Hole Transport in an AlGaN/GaN Nanowire SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES 11 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 52 (SOTAPOCS 52) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices 11 held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon, Sensor, Luminescence & Display Mat AB An AlGaN/GaN nanowire, with an isosceles-triangle cross-section, was designed to create a large negative polarization at the (000-1) facet. The resultant band bending at this interface formed a two-dimensional potential well that accumulated a hole gas. Transistor operation based on the two-dimensional hole gas showed characteristics of quasi-ballistic transport. A small number of elastic scattering sites were evident from quantum interference characteristics in the current-voltage data. C1 [Mastro, M. A.; Hite, J.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, H. -Y.; Ahn, J.; Kim, J.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU US Naval Research Lab; Office of Naval Research FX Research at the US Naval Research Lab is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-144-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1149/1.3377098 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BDH64 UT WOS:000313272800006 ER PT S AU Anderson, TJ Tadjer, MJ Mastro, MA Hite, JK Hobart, KD Eddy, CR Kub, FJ AF Anderson, T. J. Tadjer, M. J. Mastro, M. A. Hite, J. K. Hobart, K. D. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Kub, F. J. BE Kim, J Stokes, EB Hunter, GW Sarkozy, S TI Development of Enhancement Mode AlN/Ultrathin AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by Selective Wet Etching SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES 11 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 52 (SOTAPOCS 52) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices 11 held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon, Sensor, Luminescence & Display Mat ID THRESHOLD VOLTAGE; GAN AB A novel recessed-gate structure involving an ultrathin AlGaN barrier layer capped by an AlN layer in the source-drain access regions has been implemented to demonstrate enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors. A wet etch process has been developed using heated photoresist developer to selectively etch the AlN for the gate recess step, bypassing plasma etching and associated issues. The etch has been proven to be selective to AlN over AlGaN and GaN. A repeatable threshold voltage of +0.21V has been demonstrated with 4 nm AlGaN barrier layer thickness. C1 [Anderson, T. J.; Mastro, M. A.; Hite, J. K.; Hobart, K. D.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Kub, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tadjer, M. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU ASEE FX The authors are sincerely grateful the microwave HEMT device group at NRL (S. Binari et al.) for insightful discussions and equipment use, the NRL Institute for Nanoscience for equipment use and support, and G. Jernigan for XPS characterization. J. K. Hite was partially supported by the ASEE. M. J. Tadjer acknowledges the scientific input of Prof. John Melngailis at the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-144-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1149/1.3377101 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BDH64 UT WOS:000313272800009 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, Judith L. TI Cycles and trends in solar irradiance and climate SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PAST 1000 YEARS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; MAGNETIC-FLUX; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; MODEL; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; SUN AB How-indeed whether-the Sun's variable energy outputs influence Earth's climate has engaged scientific curiosity for more than a century. Early evidence accrued from correlations of assorted solar and climate indices, and from recognition that cycles near 11, 88 and 205 years are common in both the Sun and climate. 1,2 But until recently, an influence of solar variability on climate, whether through cycles or trends, was usually dismissed because climate simulations with (primarily) simple energy balance models indicated that responses to the decadal solar cycle would be so small as to be undetectable in observations.(3) However, in the past decade modeling studies have found both resonant responses and positive feedbacks in the ocean-atmosphere system that may amplify the response to solar irradiance variations.(4,5) Today, solar cycles and trends are recognized as important components of natural climate variability on decadal to centennial time scales. Understanding solar-terrestrial linkages is requisite for the comprehensive understanding of Earth's evolving environment. The attribution of present-day climate change, interpretation of changes prior to the industrial epoch, and forecast of future decadal climate change necessitate quantitative understanding of how, when, where, and why natural variability, including by the Sun, may exceed, obscure or mitigate anthropogenic changes. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 111-122 C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Judith.Lean@nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) funded this work. Appreciated are ongoing collaborations with David Rind at NASA, and scientists at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Naval Research Laboratory. Data were obtained from http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/instruments/tim.htm, http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/, http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ENSO/enso.mei_index.html, http://www.giss.nasa.gov/, http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/ and http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/data/indices/. Acknowledged with gratitude are the efforts of the many scientists who maintain the various datasets and make them readily available. NR 58 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1757-7780 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1002/wcc.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778UU UT WOS:000291733700011 ER EF