FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Leonard, PW Chavez, DE Pagoria, PF Parrish, DL AF Leonard, Philip W. Chavez, David E. Pagoria, Philip F. Parrish, Damon L. TI Azotetrazolylfurazan and Nitrogenous Salt Derivatives SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Energetic Synthesis; Furazan; Tetrazole ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS AB The synthesis of (E)-1,2-bis(4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)diazene (AzTF) and its high nitrogen salts is described. Compounds were tested for sensitivity to impact: spark, and friction and heats of formation were determined through bomb calorimetry. The calorimetry results coupled with density measurements by gas pychnometry were used to predict explosive output using the Cheetah thermochemical code. Of the four compounds tested AzTF itself has the most promise as an explosive due to TATB-like performance and high thermal stability, while the triaminoguanidinium salt (TAG(2)AzTF) may find favor as a high-nitrogen gas generant in regard to the low overall sensitivity and very high nitrogen content of the molecule. C1 [Leonard, Philip W.; Chavez, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Pagoria, Philip F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Parrish, Damon L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonard, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS C-920, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM philipl@lanl.gov FU Joint Munitions Program; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the work of the Lawrence Livermore Small Scale Sensitivity Testing team, in particular Gary Hust and Heidi Turner. We would also like to thank the Los Alamos National Laboratory Analytical team, particularly Ed Roemer for SEM imaging, Annie Giambra for Elemental Analysis, Mary Sandstrom for DSC, and Gabriel Avilucea and Daniel Preston for impact, friction, and spark sensitivity testing. We would like to thank Dr. Riad Manaa and Dr. Larry Fried for their help with the implementation of Cheetah predictions. This work was funded by the Joint Munitions Program. Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC. (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Released for unlimited audience: LA-UR 10-03038. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1002/prep.201000093 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 787WO UT WOS:000292407600005 ER PT J AU Abdel-Hafez, AA Brodt, MW Carney, JR Lightstone, JM AF Abdel-Hafez, Ahmed A. Brodt, Matthew W. Carney, Joel R. Lightstone, James M. TI Laser dispersion and ignition of metal fuel particles SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PRESSED LEAD AZIDE; ALUMINUM PARTICLES; FLAME PROPAGATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DUST CLOUDS; COMBUSTION; INITIATION; SIZE; SPEED; AIR AB The development of a laser-shock technique for dispersing Al metal fuel particles at velocities approaching those expected in a detonating explosive is discussed. The technique is described in detail by quantifying how air drag affects the temporal variation of the velocity of the dispersed particle plume. The effect of particle size is incorporated by examining various poly-dispersed commercial Al powders at different dispersion velocities (390-630 m/s). The technique is finally tested within a preliminary study of particle ignition delay and burn time, where the effect of velocity is highlighted for different particle sizes. It was found that plume velocity exhibits a modified exponential temporal profile, where smaller particles are more susceptible to air drag than larger ones. Moreover, larger particles exhibit longer ignition delays and burn times than smaller ones. The velocity of a particle was found to significantly affect its ignition delay, burn time, and combustion temperature, especially for particles in the diffusion-controlled regime. Shorter ignition delays and burn times and lower temperatures were observed at higher particle velocities. The utility of this technique as a combustion screening test for future, novel fuels is discussed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3598341] C1 [Abdel-Hafez, Ahmed A.; Carney, Joel R.; Lightstone, James M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Brodt, Matthew W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Lightstone, JM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM james.lightstone@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) through NSWC FX Partial funding was received from the Office of Naval Research High-Energy Conventional Explosives Program. A.A.A. would like to thank the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for their support through the NSWC Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors would like to acknowledge Valimet Inc. for providing the Al powders examined in this study. The help provided by Colin Roberts and David Jackman at IHD NSWC in sample preparation is much appreciated. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 6 AR 064101 DI 10.1063/1.3598341 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 786US UT WOS:000292334000042 PM 21721708 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Fulmer, PA McCluskey, DM Mackey, NM Buchanan, JP AF Wynne, James H. Fulmer, Preston A. McCluskey, D. Michelle Mackey, Nicole M. Buchanan, J. Paige TI Synthesis and Development of a Multifunctional Self-Decontaminating Polyurethane Coating SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE additives; antimicrobial; biocide; coating; self-decontaminating surfaces; dampening ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; POLYMER NETWORKS; ANTIBACTERIAL; COPOLYMERS; LIGHT; ADDITIVES; OLIGOMERS; PEPTIDES; BIOCIDES; IMPLANTS AB A unique, durable, nonleaching antimicrobial urethane coating possessing energy-dampening properties is reported. Five novel diol-functionalized quaternary ammonium bromide salts were designed, synthesized, and cross-linked with a commercial polyisocyanate to afford novel multifunctional self-decontaminating coatings. Leaching of the antimicrobial into the environment is eliminated because of the biocidal tether. The effectiveness of these molecules to self-concentrate at the air polymer interface without addition of other surface modifying additives proved extremely advantageous, and consequently resulted in microphase separation as confirmed by AFM. The coatings were designed to continuously decontaminate against a variety of pathogenic bacteria in addition to affording preliminary dampening properties. Minimum inhibitory concentration studies as well as surface antimicrobial evaluations were conducted using both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, viscoelastic properties, hardness, tack, and surface energy measurements were used to correlate with coating performance. C1 [Wynne, James H.; Fulmer, Preston A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McCluskey, D. Michelle; Mackey, Nicole M.; Buchanan, J. Paige] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X NR 41 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 6 BP 2005 EP 2011 DI 10.1021/am200250d PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 779ML UT WOS:000291781800033 PM 21545114 ER PT J AU Livshits, Z Clark, D Gutierrez, M Hoffman, RS AF Livshits, Zhanna Clark, Delbert Gutierrez, Miguel Hoffman, Robert S. TI Validation of a 6-hour observation period for cocaine body stuffers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Livshits, Zhanna; Hoffman, Robert S.] New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Livshits, Zhanna; Hoffman, Robert S.] NYU, Sch Med, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Livshits, Zhanna; Hoffman, Robert S.] Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Clark, Delbert; Gutierrez, Miguel] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA. RP Livshits, Z (reprint author), New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM doczhanna@gmail.com OI Hoffman, Robert/0000-0002-0091-9573 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 29 IS 5 BP 566 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.01.016 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 778HD UT WOS:000291693600016 PM 21524877 ER PT J AU Ray, PS Kerr, M Parent, D Abdo, AA Guillemot, L Ransom, SM Rea, N Wolff, MT Makeev, A Roberts, MSE Camilo, F Dormody, M Freire, PCC Grove, JE Gwon, C Harding, AK Johnston, S Keith, M Kramer, M Michelson, PF Romani, RW Parkinson, PMS Thompson, DJ Weltevrede, P Wood, KS Ziegler, M AF Ray, P. S. Kerr, M. Parent, D. Abdo, A. A. Guillemot, L. Ransom, S. M. Rea, N. Wolff, M. T. Makeev, A. Roberts, M. S. E. Camilo, F. Dormody, M. Freire, P. C. C. Grove, J. E. Gwon, C. Harding, A. K. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Michelson, P. F. Romani, R. W. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Thompson, D. J. Weltevrede, P. Wood, K. S. Ziegler, M. TI PRECISE gamma-RAY TIMING AND RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF 17 FERMI gamma-RAY PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general; radio continuum: stars; X-rays: stars ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; X-RAY; LAT OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; GEMINGA PULSAR; LIGHT CURVES; CATALOG; COUNTERPART; STATISTICS AB We present precise phase-connected pulse timing solutions for 16 gamma-ray-selected pulsars recently discovered using the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope plus one very faint radio pulsar (PSR J1124-5916) that is more effectively timed with the LAT. We describe the analysis techniques including a maximum likelihood method for determining pulse times of arrival from unbinned photon data. A major result of this work is improved position determinations, which are crucial for multiwavelength follow-up. For most of the pulsars, we overlay the timing localizations on X-ray images from Swift and describe the status of X-ray counterpart associations. We report glitches measured in PSRs J0007+7303, J1124-5916, and J1813-1246. We analyze a new 20 ks Chandra ACIS observation of PSR J0633+0632 that reveals an arcminute-scale X-ray nebula extending to the south of the pulsar. We were also able to precisely localize the X-ray point source counterpart to the pulsar and find a spectrum that can be described by an absorbed blackbody or neutron star atmosphere with a hard power-law component. Another Chandra ACIS image of PSR J1732-3131 reveals a faint X-ray point source at a location consistent with the timing position of the pulsar. Finally, we present a compilation of new and archival searches for radio pulsations from each of the gamma-ray-selected pulsars as well as a new Parkes radio observation of PSR J1124-5916 to establish the gamma-ray to radio phase offset. C1 [Ray, P. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Grove, J. E.; Gwon, C.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kerr, M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parent, D.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Freire, P. C. C.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rea, N.] Inst Ciencias Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Roberts, M. S. E.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dormody, M.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Harding, A. K.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kramer, M.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Commonwealth of Australia FX The Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, which is operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Parkes Observatory is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. NR 55 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 194 IS 2 AR 17 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/194/2/17 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 778CB UT WOS:000291675700001 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Frailey, DJ AF Denning, Peter J. Frailey, Dennis J. TI Who Are We-Now? SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Frailey, Dennis J.] Raytheon Co, Waltham, MA USA. [Frailey, Dennis J.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; frailey@lyle.smu.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 25 EP 27 DI 10.1145/1953122.1953133 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 778FG UT WOS:000291687300014 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Methanol and Ethanol Fuels in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Thermal Imaging Study of Carbon Deposition SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; DIRECT-ALCOHOL; SOFC ANODES; ELECTROLYTE; STEAM; GAS; PERFORMANCE AB Near-infrared (NIR) thermal imaging is used to study anodes of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) when operating with alcohol fuels. Relative propensities for carbon formation can be determined from surface cooling under fuel flows and subsequent heating under oxidizing conditions at temperatures between 700 and 800 degrees C. Ethanol forms considerable amounts of carbon at all temperatures and voltages studied as evidenced by substantial cooling related to carbon reactions and heating under oxidizing conditions. Methanol operation depends greatly on cell temperature and voltage. At 700 degrees C, temperature changes resemble those with ethanol, suggesting carbon deposition is occurring. At 800 degrees C, there is less cooling, which indicates that the oxide flux at higher polarizations mitigates the effects of endothermic carbon reactions. Under oxidizing conditions after fuel exposure, the small observed temperature increase demonstrates that little carbon is formed. At 750 degrees C the cooling depends on voltage, revealing a set of conditions where cooling from endothermic reactions and heating from exothermic reactions are balanced. The results show that while dry ethanol is not a clean fuel under any of our conditions, methanol can be at higher temperatures. NIR thermal imaging proves a valuable stand-off technique for identifying cell deterioration in situ, with potential for process monitoring in operating SOFCs. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pomfret, MB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.pomfret@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. We acknowledge David A. Kidwell at NRL for help with early development of this project, and Karen E. Swider-Lyons at NRL, Bryan W. Eichhorn at the University of Maryland College Park, Anthony M. Dean at the Colorado School of Mines, and Robert A. Walker at Montana State University for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2633 EP 2642 DI 10.1021/ef2003975 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 778MT UT WOS:000291709200025 ER PT J AU Sung, YWE Sun, X Rao, SG Xie, GG Maltz, DA AF Sung, Yu-Wei Eric Sun, Xin Rao, Sanjay G. Xie, Geoffrey G. Maltz, David A. TI Towards Systematic Design of Enterprise Networks SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Configuration management; enterprise networks; network design; security policies AB Enterprise networks are important, with size and complexity even surpassing carrier networks. Yet, the design of enterprise networks remains ad hoc and poorly understood. In this paper, we show how a systematic design approach can handle two key areas of enterprise design: virtual local area networks (VLANs) and reachability control. We focus on these tasks given their complexity, prevalence, and time-consuming nature. Our contributions are threefold. First, we show how these design tasks may be formulated in terms of network-wide performance, security, and resilience requirements. Our formulations capture the correctness and feasibility constraints on the design, and they model each task as one of optimizing desired criteria subject to the constraints. The optimization criteria may further be customized to meet operator-preferred design strategies. Second, we develop a set of algorithms to solve the problems that we formulate. Third, we demonstrate the feasibility and value of our systematic design approach through validation on a large-scale campus network with hundreds of routers and VLANs. C1 [Sung, Yu-Wei Eric; Sun, Xin; Rao, Sanjay G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xie, Geoffrey G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Maltz, David A.] Microsoft Res, Networking Grp, Seattle, WA 98052 USA. RP Sung, YWE (reprint author), Facebook, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM sungy@ecn.purdue.edu; sun19@purdue.edu; sanjay@ecn.purdue.edu; xie@nps.edu; dmaltz@microsoft.com FU NSF [CNS-0721488, CNS-0520210, CNS-0721574] FX Manuscript received June 25, 2009; revised July 20, 2010; accepted September 27, 2010; approved by IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING Editor M. Kodialam. Date of publication November 18, 2010; date of current version June 15, 2011. This work was supported by NSF Awards CNS-0721488, CNS-0520210, and CNS-0721574. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 EI 1558-2566 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 695 EP 708 DI 10.1109/TNET.2010.2089640 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 778DY UT WOS:000291682000007 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry TI An Optimal Algorithm for Relay Node Assignment in Cooperative Ad Hoc Networks SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Achievable rate; ad hoc network; cooperative communications; optimization; relay node assignment ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; DIVERSITY; STRATEGIES; THROUGHPUT; ALLOCATION; CAPACITY; CHANNEL; DELAY AB Recently, cooperative communications, in the form of having each node equipped with a single antenna and exploit spatial diversity via some relay node's antenna, is shown to be a promising approach to increase data rates in wireless networks. Under this communication paradigm, the choice of a relay node (among a set of available relay nodes) is critical in the overall network performance. In this paper, we study the relay node assignment problem in a cooperative ad hoc network environment, where multiple source-destination pairs compete for the same pool of relay nodes in the network. Our objective is to assign the available relay nodes to different source-destination pairs so as to maximize the minimum data rate among all pairs. The main contribution of this paper is the development of an optimal polynomial time algorithm, called ORA, that achieves this objective. A novel idea in this algorithm is a "linear marking" mechanism, which maintains linear complexity of each iteration. We give a formal proof of optimality for ORA and use numerical results to demonstrate its capability. C1 [Sharma, Sushant] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sushant@cs.vt.edu; yshi@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; kompella@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0946273]; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-10-1-G-007]; Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received May 26, 2009; revised January 29, 2010 and August 23, 2010; accepted October 24, 2010; approved by IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING Editor S. Diggavi. Date of publication November 29, 2010; date of current version June 15, 2011. S. Sharma, Y. Shi, and Y. T. Hou were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0946273 and the Naval Research Laboratory under Grant N00173-10-1-G-007. S. Kompella was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. An abridged version of this paper, "Optimal Relay Assignment for Cooperative Communications," was published in the Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), Hong Kong, May 27-30, 2008. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 879 EP 892 DI 10.1109/TNET.2010.2091148 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 778DY UT WOS:000291682000021 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Dodd, PE McMorrow, D Vizkelethy, G Ferlet-Cavrois, V Gouker, PM Flores, RS Stevens, J Buchner, SB Dalton, SM Swanson, SE AF Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Dodd, Paul E. McMorrow, Dale Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Gouker, Pascale M. Flores, Richard S. Stevens, Jeffrey Buchner, Stephen B. Dalton, Scott M. Swanson, Scot E. TI Direct Comparison of Charge Collection in SOI Devices From Single-Photon and Two-Photon Laser Testing Techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 20-24, 2010 CL Langenfeld, AUSTRIA DE Hardness assurance; heavy-ion testing; laser testing; single-event upset (SEU); threshold LET; two-photon absorption (TPA) ID PULSED-LASER; HEAVY-ION; ABSORPTION; CAPACITORS; CIRCUITS; OXIDES; CO-60 AB The amounts of charge collection by single-photon absorption (SPA) and by two-photon absorption (TPA) laser testing techniques have been directly compared using specially made SOI diodes. For SPA measurements and some TPA measurements, the back substrates of the diodes were removed by etching with XeF(2). With the back substrates removed, the amount of TPA induced charge collection can be correlated to the amount of SPA induced charge collection. There are significant differences, however, in the amount of TPA induced charge collection for diodes with and without substrates. For the SOI diodes of this study, this difference appears to arise from several contributions, including nonlinear-optical losses and distortions that occur as the pulse propagates through the substrate, as well as displacement currents that occur only when the back substrate is present. These results illustrate the complexity of interpreting TPA and SPA single-event upset measurements. C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul E.; Vizkelethy, Gyorgy; Flores, Richard S.; Stevens, Jeffrey; Dalton, Scott M.; Swanson, Scot E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Gouker, Pascale M.] Massachusetts Inst Technol MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 820 EP 826 DI 10.1109/TNS.2011.2128345 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 777XG UT WOS:000291657900011 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SE Loveless, TD Hicks, JR Holman, WT McMorrow, D Massengill, LW AF Armstrong, S. E. Loveless, T. D. Hicks, J. R. Holman, W. T. McMorrow, D. Massengill, L. W. TI Phase-Dependent Single-Event Sensitivity Analysis of High-Speed A/MS Circuits Extracted from Asynchronous Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 20-24, 2010 CL Langenfeld, AUSTRIA DE High speed integrated circuit measurements; semiconductor device radiation effects; single event effects ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; LOCKED LOOPS AB A method for experimental determination of the phase dependence of single-event sensitivity in high-speed A/MS circuits is presented. The technique ensures testing coverage of the complete data cycle and results in a correlation of errors to the data or clock cycle of the circuit. Designers can apply the information, along with knowledge of the circuit state at the time of errors, to make informed radiation-hardening-by-design decisions. C1 [Armstrong, S. E.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Armstrong, S. E.; Holman, W. T.; Massengill, L. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Effects Grp, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Loveless, T. D.] Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hicks, J. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [McMorrow, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, SE (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM sarah.armstrong@vanderbilt.edu; daniel.loveless@vanderbilt.edu; jonathan.hicks@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; lloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu RI Loveless, Thomas/G-9420-2011; Loveless, Thomas/C-7132-2016 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1066 EP 1071 DI 10.1109/TNS.2011.2125989 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 777XG UT WOS:000291657900046 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Ahlbin, JR Bhuva, BL Hooten, NC Dodds, NA Reed, RA Massengill, LW Schrimpf, RD Vizkelethy, G AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Ahlbin, Jonathan R. Bhuva, Bharat L. Hooten, Nicholas C. Dodds, Nathaniel A. Reed, Robert A. Massengill, Lloyd W. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Vizkelethy, Gyorgy TI Alpha-Particle and Focused-Ion-Beam-Induced Single-Event Transient Measurements in a Bulk 65-nm CMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 20-24, 2010 CL Langenfeld, AUSTRIA DE Alpha particles; heavy ions; single-event transients; soft error ID DIGITAL CMOS; PROPAGATION; PULSEWIDTHS; NEUTRON; CHAINS AB Pulse widths of single-event transients produced by alpha particles in a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology are reported. The experimental setup and calibration of the alpha particle experiment is described in detail. A focused-ion beam is also utilized to explore how pulse broadening in the test circuit impacts the alpha particle SET measurements. The results of this work show that alpha particles are able to induce transient signals with a width of about 25 ps in this technology. C1 [Gadlage, Matthew J.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Ahlbin, Jonathan R.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Hooten, Nicholas C.; Dodds, Nathaniel A.; Reed, Robert A.; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM matthew.gadlage@navy.mil; jon.ahlbin@vanderbilt.edu; bharat.bhuva@van-derbilt.edu; nicholas.c.hooten@vanderbilt.edu; nathaniel.dodds@vander-bilt.edu; robert.a.reed@vanderbilt.edu; lloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; gvizkel@sandia.gov RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1097 DI 10.1109/TNS.2011.2112378 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 777XG UT WOS:000291657900050 ER PT J AU Laddomada, M Dolecek, GJ Ching, LY Luo, FL Renfors, M Wanhammar, L AF Laddomada, Massimiliano Dolecek, Gordana Jovanovic Ching, Lim Yong Luo, Fa-Long Renfors, Markku Wanhammar, Lars TI Advanced techniques on multirate signal processing for digital information processing SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laddomada, Massimiliano] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Laddomada, Massimiliano] Texas A&M Univ, Texarkana Fac, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Laddomada, Massimiliano] Polytech Univ, Turin, Italy. [Dolecek, Gordana Jovanovic] Univ Sarajevo, Fac Elect Engn, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Dolecek, Gordana Jovanovic] Inst Mihailo Pupin, Belgrade, Serbia. [Dolecek, Gordana Jovanovic] Inst INAOE, Dept Elect, Puebla, Mexico. [Ching, Lim Yong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Monterey, CA USA. [Ching, Lim Yong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, Singapore, Singapore. [Luo, Fa-Long] Element CXI Inc, San Jose, CA USA. [Luo, Fa-Long] Anyka Inc, San Jose, CA USA. [Renfors, Markku] TUT, Tampere, Finland. [Renfors, Markku] Nokia Res Ctr, Tampere, Finland. [Renfors, Markku] Nokia Consumer Elect, Tampere, Finland. [Wanhammar, Lars] Linkoping Univ, Dept Elect Engn, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Laddomada, M (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RI Renfors, Markku/G-4286-2014 OI Renfors, Markku/0000-0003-1548-6851 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2011.9058 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 780LM UT WOS:000291857700005 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Kraus, L Houston, BH Simpson, H Sarkissian, A AF Bucaro, J. A. Kraus, L. Houston, B. H. Simpson, H. Sarkissian, A. TI Forward scatter target strength extraction in a marine environment (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE AB A 48 m rail with a moving receiver was used to measure forward scattering from a spherical shell lying on the bottom in the Gulf of Mexico. The target was mid-way between the source and rail, on a line from the source bisecting the rail. The major obstacle to the measurement of forward scattering is the much stronger source signal which overlaps the scattered signal in space and time. Here, forward scattered target strength is obtained by processing the received signals using a wavenumber filter to remove the incident wave. The result compares favorably to that obtained from numerical predictions. (c) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3589251] C1 [Bucaro, J. A.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Kraus, L.] Global Strategies Grp N Amer, Crofton, MD 20813 USA. [Houston, B. H.; Simpson, H.; Sarkissian, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), Excet Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 105, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM joseph.bucaro.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR; SERDP FX This work was supported by ONR and the SERDP Program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3453 EP 3456 DI 10.1121/1.3589251 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000015 PM 21682369 ER PT J AU Pees, EH AF Pees, Edward H. TI An efficient method for computing backscattering from Born objects of arbitrary shape SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON; SCATTERING AB A method is presented for efficiently computing the propagating pressure field backscattered by an arbitrarily shaped, weakly scattering, three-dimensional object. This is accomplished by drawing upon a previously reported relationship between the boundary condition on a two-dimensional radiating aperture and the pressure propagating along an axis normal to the aperture, and the fundamental theorem of diffraction tomography, which relates the Fourier transform of an object function to its scattered pressure field. Together, these two results are used to derive an integral formula that expresses the pressure field backscattered from an object as a one-dimensional Fourier transform of its scattering amplitude. This formula is then utilized to compute the backscattered pressure field from a uniform fluid sphere in the first Born approximation; the results of which are compared to the rigorous partial wave expansion. (c) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3578460] C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Pees, EH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM edward.pees@navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3470 EP 3474 DI 10.1121/1.3578460 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000019 PM 21682373 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE Colosi, JA AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Colosi, John A. TI Temporal coherence of acoustic signals in a fluctuating ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE AMPLITUDES; SOUND; PROPAGATION; STATISTICS; INTENSITY; FIELD AB Temporal coherence of acoustic signals propagating in a fluctuating ocean is important for many practical applications and has been studied intensively experimentally. However, only a few theoretical formulations of temporal coherence exist. In the present paper, a three-dimensional (3D) modal theory of sound propagation in a fluctuating ocean is used to derive closed-form equations for the spatial-temporal coherence function of a broadband signal. The theory is applied to the analysis of the temporal coherence of a monochromatic signal propagating in an ocean perturbed by linear internal waves obeying the Garrett-Munk (G-M) spectral model. In particular, the temporal coherence function is calculated for propagation ranges up to 10 4 km and for five sound frequencies: 12, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Hz. Then, the dependence of the coherence time (i.e., the value of the time lag at which the temporal coherence decreases by a factor of e) on range and frequency is studied. The results obtained are compared with experimental data and predictions of the path-integral theory. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3533726] C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Colosi, John A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3590 EP 3597 DI 10.1121/1.3533726 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000030 PM 21682384 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI Separation of sperm whale click-trains for multipath rejection SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; TIME AB In this paper an algorithm is described for grouping sperm whale clicks received at a single hydrophone into click-trains associated with a given whale and propagation path. To accomplish this, features are extracted from pairs of clicks in order to derive a statistical measure of click similarity. Then, the algorithm maximizes a global measure of similarity between the associated clicks. In addition to grouping clicks according to click-trains, it classifies click-trains into a propagation path (direct, surface, bottom reverberation). The propagation path is identified using a combination of (1) a statistical classifier operating on features extracted from individual clicks and (2) the cross-correlation of click-trains to identify the relative time delays. The algorithm is demonstrated on at-sea recorded data, showing the elimination of time-delay ambiguities associated with the reverberation paths observed at sensor pairs. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3578454] C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU Joint Industry Programme; US National Marine Fisheries Service FX This research was undertaken partly as a component of the DECAF project (Density Estimation for Cetaceans from passive Acoustic Fixed sensors), funded under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program jointly by the Joint Industry Programme and the US National Marine Fisheries Service. I would like to especially thank M. Holly Johnson and the DECAF project members, Len Thomas, and Tiago Marques for many useful comments and suggestions. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3598 EP 3609 DI 10.1121/1.3578454 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000031 PM 21682385 ER PT J AU Kusel, ET Mellinger, DK Thomas, L Marques, TA Moretti, D Ward, J AF Kuesel, Elizabeth T. Mellinger, David K. Thomas, Len Marques, Tiago A. Moretti, David Ward, Jessica TI Cetacean population density estimation from single fixed sensors using passive acoustics SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPERM-WHALE CLICKS; BLAINVILLES BEAKED-WHALES; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; BEAM PATTERN; ECHOLOCATION; SOUNDS; RATES; PREY AB Passive acoustic methods are increasingly being used to estimate animal population density. Most density estimation methods are based on estimates of the probability of detecting calls as functions of distance. Typically these are obtained using receivers capable of localizing calls or from studies of tagged animals. However, both approaches are expensive to implement. The approach described here uses a MonteCarlo model to estimate the probability of detecting calls from single sensors. The passive sonar equation is used to predict signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of received clicks, which are then combined with a detector characterization that predicts probability of detection as a function of SNR. Input distributions for source level, beam pattern, and whale depth are obtained from the literature. Acoustic propagation modeling is used to estimate transmission loss. Other inputs for density estimation are call rate, obtained from the literature, and false positive rate, obtained from manual analysis of a data sample. The method is applied to estimate density of Blainville's beaked whales over a 6-day period around a single hydrophone located in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. Results are consistent with those from previous analyses, which use additional tag data. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3583504] C1 [Kuesel, Elizabeth T.; Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Marques, Tiago A.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Estat & Aplicacoes, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Moretti, David; Ward, Jessica] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kusel, ET (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kusele@alum.rpi.edu RI Marques, Tiago/A-5530-2010 OI Marques, Tiago/0000-0002-2581-1972 FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program [2007-0145-002]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047] FX This research was undertaken as part of the Density Estimation for Cetaceans from passive Acoustic Fixed sensors (DECAF) project, work supported by National Oceanographic Partnership Program grant 2007-0145-002. It was also supported by Naval Postgraduate School grants N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047. This is NOAA/PMEL contribution No. 3648. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3610 EP 3622 DI 10.1121/1.3583504 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000032 PM 21682386 ER PT J AU Hefner, BT Dzikowicz, BR AF Hefner, Brian T. Dzikowicz, Benjamin R. TI A spiral wave front beacon for underwater navigation: Basic concept and modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A spiral wave front source produces an acoustic field that has a phase that is proportional to the azimuthal angle about the source. The concept of a spiral wave front beacon is developed by combining this source with a reference source that has a phase that is constant with the angle. The phase difference between these sources contains information about the receiver's azimuthal angle relative to the beacon and can be used for underwater navigation. To produce the spiral wave front, two sources are considered: a "physical-spiral" source, which produces the appropriate phase by physically deforming the active element of the source into a spiral, and a "phased-spiral" source, which uses an array of active elements, each driven with the appropriate phase, to produce the spiral wave front. Using finite element techniques, the fields produced by these sources are examined in the context of the spiral wave front beacon, and the advantages of each source are discussed. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3583546] C1 [Hefner, Brian T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dzikowicz, Benjamin R.] USN, Phys Acoust Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hefner, BT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM hefner@apl.washington.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000140810014, N0001409AF00002] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant Nos. N000140810014 and N0001409AF00002. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3630 EP 3639 DI 10.1121/1.3583546 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000034 PM 21682388 ER PT J AU Mellinger, DK Martin, SW Morrissey, RP Thomas, L Yosco, JJ AF Mellinger, David K. Martin, Stephen W. Morrissey, Ronald P. Thomas, Len Yosco, James J. TI A method for detecting whistles, moans, and other frequency contour sounds SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SIGNATURE WHISTLES; WHALES AB An algorithm is presented for the detection of frequency contour sounds-whistles of dolphins and many other odontocetes, moans of baleen whales, chirps of birds, and numerous other animal and non-animal sounds. The algorithm works by tracking spectral peaks over time, grouping together peaks in successive time slices in a spectrogram if the peaks are sufficiently near in frequency and form a smooth contour over time. The algorithm has nine parameters, including the ones needed for spectrogram calculation and normalization. Finding optimal values for all of these parameters simultaneously requires a search of parameter space, and a grid search technique is described. The frequency contour detection method and parameter optimization technique are applied to the problem of detecting "boing" sounds of minke whales from near Hawaii. The test data set contained many humpback whale sounds in the frequency range of interest. Detection performance is quantified, and the method is found to work well at detecting boings, with a false-detection rate of 3% for the target missed-call rate of 25%. It has also worked well anecdotally for other marine and some terrestrial species, and could be applied to any species that produces a frequency contour, or to non-animal sounds as well. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3531926] C1 [Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Martin, Stephen W.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Morrissey, Ronald P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Yosco, James J.] SAIC Inc, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Mellinger, DK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM David.Mellinger@oregonstate.edu OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program [2007-0145-002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0099, N00014-03-1-0735]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047] FX This research was undertaken as part of the DECAF (Density Estimation for Cetaceans from Acoustic Fixed sensors) project, which was supported by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (Grant No. 2007-0145-002). It was also supported by Office of Naval Research grants (Grant Nos. N00014-03-1-0099 and N00014-03-1-0735); and by Naval Postgraduate School grants (Grant Nos. N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047). The support of Jim Hager, Eliseo Bolosan, and Robin Higuchi at the Pacific Missile Range Facility in collection of the boing data is greatly appreciated. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution #3522. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 4055 EP 4061 DI 10.1121/1.3531926 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000072 PM 21682426 ER PT J AU Donskoy, DM Cray, BA AF Donskoy, Dimitri M. Cray, Benjamin A. TI Eddy-current non-inertial displacement sensing for underwater infrasound measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY; SENSOR AB A non-inertial sensing approach for an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS), which utilizes eddy-current displacement sensors and operates well at Ultra-Low Frequencies (ULF), is described here. In the past, most ULF measurements (from mHertz to approximately 10 Hertz) have been conducted using heavy geophones or seismometers that must be installed on the seafloor; these sensors are not suitable for water column measurements. Currently, there are no readily available compact and affordable underwater AVS that operate within this frequency region. Test results have confirmed the validity of the proposed eddy-current AVS design and have demonstrated high acoustic sensitivity. (c) 2011 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Cray, Benjamin A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Donskoy, Dimitri M.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Cray, BA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ddonskoy@stevens.edu; benjamin.cray@navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP EL254 EP EL259 DI 10.1121/1.3577576 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000007 PM 21682361 ER PT J AU Hong, XD Bishop, CH Holt, T O'Neill, L AF Hong, Xiaodong Bishop, Craig H. Holt, Teddy O'Neill, Larry TI Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature Uncertainty on the Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) and Rainfall SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID KUROSHIO EXTENSION SYSTEM; WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; MEI-YU SEASON; LOW-LEVEL JET; SOUTH CHINA; DATA ASSIMILATION; FORECAST ERROR; VARIABILITY; MODEL; OCEAN AB This paper examines the sensitivity of short-term forecasts of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and rainfall to sea surface temperature (SST) uncertainty using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). A comparison of analyzed SSTs with satellite observations of SST indicates that SST analysis errors are particularly pronounced on horizontal scales from 100 to 200 km, similar to the mesoscale eddy scales in the Kuroshio region. Since significant oceanic variations occur on these scales, it is of interest to examine the effects of representing this small-scale uncertainty with random, scale-dependent perturbations. An SST ensemble perturbation generation technique is used here that enables temporal and spatial correlations to be controlled and produces initial SST fields comparable to satellite observations. The atmospheric model develops large uncertainty in the Korea and Japan area due to the fluctuation in the horizontal pressure gradient caused by the location of the WNPSH. This, in turn, increases the variance of the low-level jet (LLJ) over southeast China, resulting in large differences in the moist transport flux from the tropical ocean and subsequent rainfall. Validation using bin-mean statistics shows that the ensemble forecast with the perturbed SST better distinguishes large forecast error variance from small forecast error variance. The results suggest that using the SST perturbation as a proxy for the ocean ensemble in a coupled atmosphere and ocean ensemble system is feasible and computationally efficient. C1 [Hong, Xiaodong; Bishop, Craig H.; Holt, Teddy; O'Neill, Larry] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hong, XD (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM xd.hong@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Space and Naval Warfare System Command (SPAWAR) [75927210] FX The support of the sponsor, the Space and Naval Warfare System Command (SPAWAR), through Program Element 75927210, is gratefully acknowledged. Computations were performed on the IBM P4+ at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 371 EP 387 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05007.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778FW UT WOS:000291689500007 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Solbrig, JE Lee, TF Miller, SD AF Bankert, Richard L. Solbrig, Jeremy E. Lee, Thomas F. Miller, Steven D. TI Automated Lightning Flash Detection in Nighttime Visible Satellite Data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SEPTEMBER; ALGORITHM AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) nighttime visible channel was designed to detect earth-atmosphere features under conditions of low illumination (e. g., near the solar terminator or via moonlight reflection). However, this sensor also detects visible light emissions from various terrestrial sources (both natural and anthropogenic), including lightning-illuminated thunderstorm tops. This research presents an automated technique for objectively identifying and enhancing the bright steaks associated with lightning flashes, even in the presence of lunar illumination, derived from OLS imagery. A line-directional filter is applied to the data in order to identify lightning strike features and an associated false color imagery product enhances this information while minimizing false alarms. Comparisons of this satellite product to U. S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data in one case as well as to a lightning mapping array (LMA) in another case demonstrate general consistency to within the expected limits of detection. This algorithm is potentially useful in either finding or confirming electrically active storms anywhere on the globe, particularly those occurring in remote areas where surface-based observations are not available. Additionally, the OLS nighttime visible sensor provides heritage data for examining the potential usefulness of the Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) on future satellites including the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP). The VIIRS DNB will offer several improvements to the legacy OLS nighttime visible channel, including full calibration and collocation with 21 narrowband spectral channels. C1 [Bankert, Richard L.; Solbrig, Jeremy E.; Lee, Thomas F.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rich.bankert@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; Oceanographer of the Navy; PEO [C41, Space/PMW-180 (PE-0603207N)] FX The support of the research sponsors, the Office of Naval Research (PE-0602435N) and the Oceanographer of the Navy and PEO C41 and Space/PMW-180 (PE-0603207N), is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to NASA SPoRT and Dr. Geoffrey Stano for their contribution in the acquisition and analysis of the NALMA data. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05002.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778FW UT WOS:000291689500009 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Goerss, JS Sampson, C AF Hansen, James A. Goerss, James S. Sampson, Charles TI GPCE-AX: An Anisotropic Extension to the Goerss Predicted Consensus Error in Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A method to predict an anisotropic expected forecast error distribution for consensus forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks is presented. The method builds upon the Goerss predicted consensus error (GPCE), which predicts the isotropic radius of the 70% isopleth of expected TC track error. Consensus TC track forecasts are computed as the mean of a collection of TC track forecasts from different models and are basin dependent. A novel aspect of GPCE is that it uses not only the uncertainty in the collection of constituent models to predict expected error, but also other features of the predicted storm, including initial intensity, forecast intensity, and storm speed. The new method, called GPCE along-across (GPCE-AX), takes a similar approach but separates the predicted error into across-track and along-track components. GPCE-AX has been applied to consensus TC track forecasts in the Atlantic (CONU/TVCN, where CONUis consensus version U and TVCN is the track variable consensus) and in the western North Pacific (consensus version W, CONW). The results for both basins indicate that GPCE-AX either outperforms or is equal in quality to GPCE in terms of reliability (the fraction of time verification is bound by the 70% uncertainty isopleths) and sharpness (the area bound by the 70% isopleths). GPCE-AXhas been implemented at both the National Hurricane Center and at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for real-time testing and evaluation. C1 [Hansen, James A.; Goerss, James S.; Sampson, Charles] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hansen, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jim.hansen@nlrmry.navy.mil FU NOAA FX This work was support by the NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed project titled "TC Dressing: A Probabilistic Approach to Providing State Dependent, Non-Isotropic Forecast Track Error Guidance.'' The authors thank Mark DeMaria and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222410.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778FW UT WOS:000291689500011 ER PT J AU Burchell, MJ Standen, S Cole, MJ Corsaro, RD Giovane, F Liou, JC Pisacane, V Sadilek, A Stansbery, E AF Burchell, M. J. Standen, S. Cole, M. J. Corsaro, R. D. Giovane, F. Liou, J. -C. Pisacane, V. Sadilek, A. Stansbery, E. TI Acoustic response of aluminium and Duroid plates to hypervelocity impacts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY APR 11-15, 2010 CL Freiburg, GERMANY DE Acoustic; Hypervelocity; Impact; Sensors ID OBLIQUE IMPACTS AB The growing need for real-time impact sensors for deployment on both space vehicles and space habitats (in orbit or on the surface of atmosphere-less bodies such as the Moon) has stimulated sensor development programmes. The sensors should be low mass, low power, easily read-out electronically, cover large areas and be sensitive to impacts which can cause damage up to and including penetration. We propose that piezo-strain acoustic sensors can play an important role in this work. Accordingly we report on a series of hypervelocity impact tests of acoustic sensors mounted on thin plates (aluminium and Duroid plates). The acoustic sensors gave strong signals for impacts of sub mm-mm scale projectiles. We investigated dependences on impactor speed and size, angle of incidence and tested the difference between cratering and penetrating impacts. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burchell, M. J.; Standen, S.; Cole, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Corsaro, R. D.] USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giovane, F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Liou, J. -C.; Stansbery, E.] NASA, JSC, Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Pisacane, V.; Sadilek, A.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burchell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. EM m.j.burchell@kent.ac.uk OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 773VB UT WOS:000291338300005 ER PT J AU Hopson, MV Scott, CM Patel, R AF Hopson, M. V. Scott, C. M. Patel, R. TI Computational comparisons of homogeneous and statistical descriptions of AerMet100 steel subjected to high strain rate loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact CY APR 11-15, 2010 CL Freiburg, GERMANY DE CTH; Johnson-Cook fracture; AerMet100; Weibull compensation ID FRACTURE AB In order to simulate the effect of material microstructure a statistically compensated Johnson-Cook (JC) fracture model has been implemented into the Eulerian shock physics code, CTH. This model uses a Weibull function to produce a distribution of initial failure strains within the JC fracture model. A parametric analysis where the Weibull modulus was systematically varied was conducted on two sets of experimental fragmentation data. The first experiment consisted of an explosively loaded cylinder of AerMet100. The second was an expanding tube experiment which used a plastic cylinder to load the AerMet100 and provided a problem at a lower strain rate. In both sets of experiments, the fragments were soft captured for later examination. While CTH does not explicitly track fragments, a post processor written at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division was used to calculate the mass of each of the fragments in the expanding debris cloud. The results were analyzed and compared back to baseline homogeneous calculations. The use of a statistically compensated JC fracture model substantially improved the fragment mass distribution for the explosively loaded cylinder. However, the lower strain rate expanding tube showed only minimal improvement. A probable reason for this limitation and future analysis are discussed. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hopson, M. V.; Scott, C. M.; Patel, R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hopson, MV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 6138 NORC Ave, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM mike.hopson@navy.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 773VB UT WOS:000291338300009 ER PT J AU DeSanto, A AF DeSanto, Andrea TI Implementing a Postpartum Tdap Vaccination Program in a Military Treatment Facility SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE whooping cough; pertussis; Tdap; post-partum immunizations C1 [DeSanto, Andrea] USN, Maternal Infant Nursing Dept, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD JUN PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 773IW UT WOS:000291301200073 ER PT J AU Jimenez, J DeSanto, A AF Jimenez, Jeanne DeSanto, Andrea TI Timely Discharge of Clinically Eligible Patients in the Postpartum Setting SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE electronic discharge board; timely discharge; simple discharge; discharge management C1 [Jimenez, Jeanne] USN, Hlth Clin New England, Groton, CT USA. [DeSanto, Andrea] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Maternal Infant Nursing Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD JUN PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 773IW UT WOS:000291301200113 ER PT J AU Stokes, SM Wood, JP Castle, JT AF Stokes, S. Marc Wood, James P. Castle, James T. TI Maxillary Intraosseous Spindle Cell Lipoma SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ORAL-CAVITY; SUBGROUPS; FEATURES; TUMORS; SITE C1 [Stokes, S. Marc; Castle, James T.] USN, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Sch Postgrad Dent, NMMPT&E, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Wood, James P.] USA, Bamberg Dent Clin, Bamberg, Germany. RP Castle, JT (reprint author), USN, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Sch Postgrad Dent, NMMPT&E, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM James.Castle@med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 69 IS 6 BP E131 EP E134 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2011.01.043 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 774RO UT WOS:000291404000022 PM 21497000 ER PT J AU Small, RJ Campbell, T Teixeira, J Carniel, S Smith, TA Dykes, J Chen, S Allard, R AF Small, R. J. Campbell, T. Teixeira, J. Carniel, S. Smith, T. A. Dykes, J. Chen, S. Allard, R. TI Air-Sea Interaction in the Ligurian Sea: Assessment of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model Using In Situ Data from LASIE07 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; FLUXES; CYCLONES; SYSTEMS AB In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented for the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Ligurian Sea Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) and LIGURE2007 experiments took place in June 2007. The LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 data are used to validate the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)(1) developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, nonhydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma-z-level ocean model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). A month-long simulation, which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere and full coupling, is compared against an uncoupled run where analysis SST is used for computation of the bulk fluxes. This reveals that COAMPS has reasonable skill in predicting the wind stress and surface heat fluxes at LASIE07 mooring locations in shallow and deep water. At the LASIE07 coastal site (but not at the deep site) the validation shows that the coupled model has a much smaller bias in latent heat flux, because of improvements in the SST field relative to the uncoupled model. This in turn leads to large differences in upper-ocean temperature between the coupled model and an uncoupled ocean model run. C1 [Small, R. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Small, R. J.; Campbell, T.; Smith, T. A.; Dykes, J.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Teixeira, J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Carniel, S.] CNR, ISMAR, Venice, Italy. [Chen, S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jsmall@ucar.edu RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU "MOM'' CNR-RSTL; Battlespace Environments Institute; NRL's [PE 0602435N] FX The members of the LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 projects are thanked for their willingness to share data and ideas. Particular thanks to Roberto Bozzano and Sara Pensieri, CNR-ISSIA (Italy), for provision of ODAS data; Bruno Buongiorno, CNR-ISAC (Italy), for helpful interpretations of the satellite SST data-set; and Joerg Forster (Forschungsanstalt der Bundeswehr fur Wasserschall und Geophysik, Kiel, Germany) and colleagues for providing data. Alvaro Semedo, University of Upsala (Sweden) is thanked for comments on the ceilometer data; and Michel Rixen (NURC, Italy) for very useful comments on manuscript; Emanuel Coelho (NRL, United States) for early discussions on LASIE07 data and coupled modeling. Rupsi Pal of NRL performed fast and helpful simulations with the GOTM code. Paul Martin, Charlie Barron, Clarke Rowley, Germana Peggion, and Jim Richman of NRL provided useful support and discussion of the results. The Italian CNR is thanked for having made R/V Urania available during the dedicated cruise LIGURE2007, and the captain and crew are also thanked for their contributions to making these observations. The activity was partly supported by the "MOM'' CNR-RSTL project. RJS, TC, TAS, and RA were supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Battlespace Environments Institute and NRL's 6.2 Core Program "Coupled Ocean Wave Prediction System'' (Program Element PE 0602435N). NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1785 EP 1808 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3431.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300008 ER PT J AU Yaremchuk, M Nechaev, D Pan, CD AF Yaremchuk, Max Nechaev, Dmitri Pan, Chudong TI A Hybrid Background Error Covariance Model for Assimilating Glider Data into a Coastal Ocean Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SCHEMES; DIFFUSION EQUATION; KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM AB A hybrid background error covariance (BEC) model for three-dimensional variational data assimilation of glider data into the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is introduced. Similar to existing atmospheric hybrid BEC models, the proposed model combines low-rank ensemble covariances B(m) with the heuristic Gaussian-shaped covariances B(0) to estimate forecast error statistics. The distinctive features of the proposed BEC model are the following: (i) formulation in terms of inverse error covariances, (ii) adaptive determination of the rank m of B(m) with information criterion based on the innovation error statistics, (iii) restriction of the heuristic covariance operator B(0) to the null space of B(m), and (iv) definition of the BEC magnitudes through separate analyses of the innovation error statistics in the state space and the null space of B(0). The BEC model is validated by assimilation experiments with simulated and real data obtained during a glider survey of the Monterey Bay in August 2003. It is shown that the proposed hybrid scheme substantially improves the forecast skill of the heuristic covariance model. C1 [Yaremchuk, Max] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Nechaev, Dmitri; Pan, Chudong] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Yaremchuk, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7321,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Pan, Chudong/P-1504-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; NSF [0629400] FX This study was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Program Element 0602435N) and NSF Grant 0629400. Helpful discussions with Dr. Shulman are acknowledged. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1879 EP 1890 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3510.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300013 ER PT J AU Aravequia, JA Szunyogh, I Fertig, EJ Kalnay, E Kuhl, D Kostelich, EJ AF Aravequia, Jose A. Szunyogh, Istvan Fertig, Elana J. Kalnay, Eugenia Kuhl, David Kostelich, Eric J. TI Evaluation of a Strategy for the Assimilation of Satellite Radiance Observations with the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; REAL OBSERVATIONS; BIAS CORRECTION; GLOBAL-MODEL; SYSTEM; SCHEME AB This paper evaluates a strategy for the assimilation of satellite radiance observations with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) data assimilation scheme. The assimilation strategy includes a mechanism to select the radiance observations that are assimilated at a given grid point and an ensemble-based observation bias-correction technique. Numerical experiments are carried out with a reduced (T62L28) resolution version of the model component of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The observations used for the evaluation of the assimilation strategy are AMSU-A level 1B brightness temperature data from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua spacecraft. The assimilation of these observations, in addition to all operationally assimilated nonradiance observations, leads to a statistically significant improvement of both the temperature and wind analysis in the Southern Hemisphere. This result suggests that the LETKF, combined with the proposed data assimilation strategy for the assimilation of satellite radiance observations, can efficiently extract information from radiance observations. C1 [Aravequia, Jose A.] Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Szunyogh, Istvan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Fertig, Elana J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuhl, David] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kostelich, Eric J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Aravequia, JA (reprint author), Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Km 40, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM araveq@cptec.inpe.br RI Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012; OI Kuhl, David/0000-0002-4842-0077; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906; Fertig, Elana/0000-0003-3204-342X FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil) [PDE 201185/2005-9, PU 484245/2006-6]; NASA [NNX08AD40G, NNX07AV45G, NNX08AD37G]; NSF [ATM0722721, ATM0935538] FX We thank Ross N. Hoffman of AER, Inc., for his helpful comments on the paper. The thorough reviews by two anonymous reviewers significantly helped to improve the presentation of our results. The work of J. A. on this project was partially funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil) under Grants PDE 201185/2005-9 and PU 484245/2006-6. Further funding for this research was provided by NASA (Grants NNX08AD40G, NNX07AV45G, and NNX08AD37G) and NSF (Grants ATM0722721 and ATM0935538). NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1932 EP 1951 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3515.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300016 ER PT J AU Berner, J Ha, SY Hacker, JP Fournier, A Snyder, C AF Berner, J. Ha, S. -Y. Hacker, J. P. Fournier, A. Snyder, C. TI Model Uncertainty in a Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System: Stochastic versus Multiphysics Representations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER SCHEME; CLIMATE; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTABILITY; WEATHER; ERROR; ECMWF; FLOW; PARAMETERIZATIONS AB A multiphysics and a stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme are employed to represent model uncertainty in a mesoscale ensemble prediction system using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Both model-error schemes lead to significant improvements over the control ensemble system that is simply a downscaled global ensemble forecast with the same physics for each ensemble member. The improvements are evident in verification against both observations and analyses, but different in some details. Overall the stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme outperforms the multiphysics scheme, except near the surface. Best results are obtained when both schemes are used simultaneously, indicating that the model error can best be captured by a combination of multiple schemes. C1 [Berner, J.; Ha, S. -Y.; Fournier, A.; Snyder, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Berner, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM berner@ucar.edu RI Fournier, Aime/J-6366-2015 OI Fournier, Aime/0000-0002-5872-8307 FU National Science Foundation; Air Force Weather Agency FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; This work was partially supported by the Air Force Weather Agency. Thanks go to Matt Pocernich, who developed the verification package that was used to produce Figs. 12-16. We are indebted to David Gill, Julie Schramm, and Jimy Dudhia for their insight into the physical and technical aspects of WRF and the AFWA mesoscale ensemble. Thanks to Steven Rugg for his enthusiasm for stochastic parameterizations and to Steve Mullen for insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1972 EP 1995 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3595.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300019 ER PT J AU Kuyinu, O Purdy, AP Butcher, RJ AF Kuyinu, Ore Purdy, Andrew P. Butcher, Ray J. TI Sulfonated 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB In the title compound, 4-[3-(3-sulfonatopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)propyl]pyridin-1-ium-3-sulfonate, C13H14N2O6S2, the molecule is zwitterionic, with the sulfonic acid proton transfered to the basic pyridine N atom. Also, the structure adopts a butterfly-like conformation with the sulfonate groups on opposite sides of the `wings'. The dihedral angle between the two pyridinium rings is 83.56 (7)degrees, and this results in the molecule having a chiral conformation and packing. There is strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the pyridinium H and sulfonate O atoms of adjoining molecules. In addition, there are weaker intermolecular C-H...O interactions. C1 [Kuyinu, Ore; Purdy, Andrew P.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Butcher, Ray J.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil FU NSF-MRI [CHE-0619278]; Office of Naval Research FX RJB wishes to acknowledge the NSF-MRI program (grant CHE-0619278) for funds to purchase the diffractometer, and we thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUN PY 2011 VL 67 BP O1534 EP U1726 DI 10.1107/S1600536811018563 PN 6 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 772EL UT WOS:000291216100156 PM 21754894 ER PT J AU Chao, CC Huber, ES Porter, TB Zhang, ZW Ching, WM AF Chao, Chien-Chung Huber, Erin S. Porter, Terrisita B. Zhang, Zhiwen Ching, Wei-Mei TI Analysis of the Cross-Reactivity of Various 56 kDa Recombinant Protein Antigens with Serum Samples Collected after Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection by ELISA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL SCRUB TYPHUS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; INDIA AB Orientia tsutsugamushi, the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, has a highly expressed and immunodominant 56-k D outer membrane protein. This protein is one of the leading candidates for diagnosis and vaccine development for scrub typhus. Previous studies using recombinant 56-kD protein (r56s) derived from Karp strain (Kpr56) in a mouse model have shown good homologous protection but only moderate to poor heterologous protection. We evaluated the cross-reactivity of recombinant 56-kD proteins from Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA763, and three chimeric 56-k D proteins. Not all r56s are equally reactive with strain-specific serum samples. These data provide a first glance of how reactive these r56s are toward the antiserum of different strains and which r56 exhibits the broadest reactivity. A formulation of this combination has the potential to provide broad protection against the heterologous challenge and to be used in a highly sensitive diagnostic assay. C1 [Chao, Chien-Chung; Huber, Erin S.; Zhang, Zhiwen; Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Huber, Erin S.; Zhang, Zhiwen; Ching, Wei-Mei] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chien-chung.chao@med.navy.mil; ehuber@jhsph.edu; zhiwen.zhang@med.navy.mil; wei.ching@med.navy.mil FU Work Unit Number (WUN) [6000.RAD1.J.A0310] FX This study was supported by Work Unit Number (WUN) 6000.RAD1.J.A0310. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 BP 967 EP 972 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0545 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 773TI UT WOS:000291333200021 PM 21633035 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Roediger, M Eberly, LE Ganesan, A Weintrob, A Johnson, E Agan, BK AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Roediger, Mollie Eberly, Lynn E. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy Johnson, Erica Agan, Brian K. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Impact of Weight on Immune Cell Counts among HIV-Infected Persons SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DISEASE PROGRESSION; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; SURVIVAL; RISK AB Prior studies have shown that weight may impact immune cell counts. However, few data exist about the relationship of weight and immune cell counts among HIV-infected patients. We examined documented HIV seroconverters (mean window, 15.7 months) in a prospective U. S. Military HIV Natural History Study (1 January 1986 to 20 January 2010). We estimated the association of the time-updated body mass index (BMI) category with changes in immune cell counts from HIV diagnosis across time (mean follow-up of 5.1 years) using multiply adjusted longitudinal linear mixed-effects models. Of 1,097 HIV seroconverters, 448 (41%) were overweight and 93 (8%) were obese at HIV diagnosis. Immune cell counts at HIV diagnosis did not significantly differ by BMI category. In the longitudinal models for those diagnosed before the advent of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, mean postdiagnosis decreases in the white cell count, total lymphocyte count, CD4 count, CD4 percentage, and CD4/CD8 ratio were less as the BMI category increased (all with P values of <0.05). Among HIV seroconverters diagnosed in the HAART era, obese compared to normal-weight patients had significantly smaller increases in CD4 counts, CD4 percentages, and the CD4/CD8 ratio (all with P values of <0.05). Similar findings were also noted among underweight versus normal-weight patients. In conclusion, although BMI was not associated with immune cell levels at the time of HIV diagnosis, weight appears to affect immune cells counts over the course of infection. In the HAART era, being either underweight or obese was associated with smaller increases in several important immune cell levels, including the CD4/CD8 ratio. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Roediger, Mollie; Eberly, Lynn E.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy; Johnson, Erica; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Roediger, Mollie; Eberly, Lynn E.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Johnson, Erica] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) [IDCRP-000-06]; Department of Defense (DoD) through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP-000-06) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 6 BP 940 EP 946 DI 10.1128/CVI.00020-11 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 771HH UT WOS:000291147300007 PM 21525303 ER PT J AU Chen, HW Zhang, ZW Huber, E Mutumanje, E Chao, CC Ching, WM AF Chen, Hua-Wei Zhang, Zhiwen Huber, Erin Mutumanje, Elissa Chao, Chien-Chung Ching, Wei-Mei TI Kinetics and Magnitude of Antibody Responses against the Conserved 47-Kilodalton Antigen and the Variable 56-Kilodalton Antigen in Scrub Typhus Patients SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; GENES; DIVERSITY AB Western blot analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi whole-cell lysates with scrub typhus patient sera has identified at least five protein antigens of O. tsutsugamushi with molecular sizes of 22 kDa, 47 kDa, 56 kDa, 58 kDa, and 110 kDa. In this study, sera from serial bleedings of 108 patients were used to study the kinetics and the magnitude of specific antibody responses against the 47-kDa and 56-kDa antigens. Recombinant protein of the conserved 47-kDa antigen (r47b) or a mixture of truncated 56-kDa antigen (r56s) from three prototype strains was used as the antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that 76% and 93% of these patients had elevated IgM and IgG against r47b, respectively, and 98% and 100% had elevated IgM and IgG against r56s, respectively. The kinetics of antibody responses against r47b and r56s can be grouped into three patterns. In the first type of response, IgM and IgG against r47b and r56s appeared about the same time. The IgM and IgG titers against r56s were much higher than those against r47b. In the second type of response, induction of IgM appeared to be similar to that in the first type. The major difference to the first type is that the IgG titers against r47b were induced at least 1 week later than those against the r56s. The third type showed strong IgG responses against both r47b and r56s, and low or no IgM responses indicated a secondary infection. This is the first systematic investigation of antibody response kinetics against the conserved 47-kDa antigen versus the variable 56-kDa antigen in scrub typhus patients. C1 [Chen, Hua-Wei; Zhang, Zhiwen; Huber, Erin; Mutumanje, Elissa; Chao, Chien-Chung; Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chen, Hua-Wei; Zhang, Zhiwen; Huber, Erin; Mutumanje, Elissa; Ching, Wei-Mei] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wei.ching@med.navy.mil RI Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011 FU Naval Medical Research Center, research work unit [6000.RAD1.J.A0310] FX This research was supported by the Naval Medical Research Center, research work unit 6000.RAD1.J.A0310. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board (case number PJT44) in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1128/CVI.00017-11 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 771HH UT WOS:000291147300018 PM 21508168 ER PT J AU Gubser, DU AF Gubser, Donald U. TI US Navy's Superconductivity Programs Scientific Curiosity to Fleet Utility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; BA-CU-O; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPY; DENSITY AB The US Navy's interest in superconductivity began shortly after World War II when programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) began exploring the science of superconducting materials. Throughout the 1950' s and 1960' s these programs discovered new superconducting materials and added much to the basic understanding of the phenomenon. Technology development programs began in the late 1960' s with major efforts at ONR, NRL, and the Navy's Warfare Centers. Development of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) used to detect underwater mines and submarines began at the Warfare Center in Panama City, FL in 1969. At the same time scientists and engineers at the Warfare Center in Annapolis, MD began their own technology efforts to develop quiet, high power density ship propulsion motors. ONR and NRL expanded their programs to include superconducting electronics as well as efforts to develop technologically useful materials (films and wires) for the Navy's technology programs. The Navy's superconductivity efforts accelerated rapidly after the discovery of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. A major effort led by NRL developed and launched HTS electronic devices and subsystems into space. The Navy Warfare Center in San Diego and ONR/NRL began programs developing low loss filters for electronic communications as well as the development of fast, low power superconducting digital devices. Navy scientists led industrial programs for development of full scale HTS ship propulsion motors and HTS filters for communication systems. As the 21st century began, the Navy started to develop superconducting systems for fleet implementation. The first ship to use a superconducting system was the USS Higgins that used superconducting cables in a degaussing system (2008). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gubser, DU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 931 EP 935 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2088373 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769YM UT WOS:000291054200001 ER PT J AU Kephart, JT Fitzpatrick, BK Ferrara, P Pyryt, M Pienkos, J Golda, EM AF Kephart, Jacob T. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. Ferrara, Peter Pyryt, Michael Pienkos, Jules Golda, E. Michael TI High Temperature Superconducting Degaussing From Feasibility Study to Fleet Adoption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HTS degaussing; navy degaussing system; superconducting coils; USS Higgins AB The need for increased magnetic signature control on Navy ships has lead to the development and adoption of a three axis advanced degaussing system. While this system is effective in reducing the ship magnetic signature, it requires significantly more copper cable than the legacy two axis systems. Degaussing only requires DC currents for field manipulation. Since DC applications is where HTS use excels, a feasibility study was conducted in FY04 to determine the benefits of HTS when used in an advanced degaussing system. Results showed reduced system size and weight, while remaining cost neutral. A series of lab based demonstrations were conducted proving out key aspects of an HTS DG system, most notably cooling a long length of flexible cryostat with gaseous helium. This led to an at sea demonstration of a single HTS DG loop aboard the USS Higgins. This was the first HTS system installed on an active combatant, and it made a successful magnetic range run in April 2009 demonstrating its capability to perform in a naval environment. This paper details the development of the HTS DG system from the initial feasibility study through the successful demonstration onboard the USS HIGGINS. C1 [Kephart, Jacob T.; Fitzpatrick, Brian K.; Ferrara, Peter; Pyryt, Michael; Pienkos, Jules; Golda, E. Michael] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Kephart, JT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM jacob.kephart@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and conducted by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 2229 EP 2232 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2092746 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769YM UT WOS:000291054200303 ER PT J AU Sandu, V Cimpoiasu, E Aldica, G Popa, S Sandu, E Hurduc, N Nor, I AF Sandu, V. Cimpoiasu, E. Aldica, G. Popa, S. Sandu, E. Hurduc, N. Nor, I. TI Fabrication and Superconducting Properties of MgB2 Doped With Polysiloxane Based Copolymers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Current density; polymers; superconducting composites ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; OXYCARBIDE GLASSES; CARBON AB We present the fabrication and the superconducting properties of MgB2 ceramic samples doped with carbon via preceramic polymers: linear and cyclic polysiloxane-co-styrene and linear polysiloxane-co-vinyl-ferrocene. The samples were produced using the spark plasma sintering technique. The use of polysiloxane copolymers was suggested by the appropriate content of carbon, silicon, and oxygen which are necessary to increase the upper critical field and to create pinning centers. The short processing time limits the diffusion length of the chemical elements from the polymer into the superconducting grains. Therefore, in addition to doping with carbon, the rest of the components create pinning centers along the polymeric chain, able to better pin the flux lines. The copolymerization allowed us to obtain both linear and cyclic copolymers as well as to control the content of chemical elements, including the presence of small amounts of iron oxides. The latter are responsible for magnetic pinning. C1 [Sandu, V.; Aldica, G.; Popa, S.] Natl Inst Mat Phys Bucharest, Magurele 077125, Romania. [Cimpoiasu, E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sandu, E.] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Magurele 077125, Romania. [Hurduc, N.; Nor, I.] Gheorghe Asachi Tech Univ Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania. RP Sandu, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Phys Bucharest, Magurele 077125, Romania. EM vsandu@infim.ro; cimpoias@usna.edu; nuti@nipne.ro; nhurduc@ch.tuiasi.ro RI Hurduc, Nicolae/C-3526-2011; Sandu, Viorel/B-8660-2011; ALDICA, GHEORGHE/C-2165-2011 OI Hurduc, Nicolae/0000-0002-0421-6939; ALDICA, GHEORGHE/0000-0002-3131-7698 FU U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456]; Romanian Agency for Science and Research at NIMP [72-151/2008]; NARC/Office of Naval Research at USNA FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456, by the Romanian Agency for Science and Research under Grant 72-151/2008 at NIMP, and by NARC/Office of Naval Research at USNA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 2631 EP 2634 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2078434 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200033 ER PT J AU Pienkos, JE Fitzpatrick, BK Ferrara, PJ AF Pienkos, Jules E. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. Ferrara, Peter J. TI Experimental Study of Twisting First Generation BSCCO Tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HTS material measurements; stability criteria; tapes AB The use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes in a flexible cryostat has been shown to provide great opportunities for the US Navy. The HTS tapes need to be fixed at the ends to provide an electrical connection. Since the ends are rigid but the tapes are contained in a changing environment there is a possibility that the tapes may become twisted and therefore damaged. Twisting is defined in this paper as the rotation of the tape along the length of the tape while the end has no attack-angle. The twisting length and angle of first generation (1G) BSCCO tapes is studied by measuring the voltage drop across the tapes in a liquid nitrogen bath when current is applied. C1 [Pienkos, Jules E.; Fitzpatrick, Brian K.; Ferrara, Peter J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Pienkos, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM jules.pienkos@navy.mil; brian.fitz-patrick@navy.mil; peter.j.ferrara@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 3111 EP 3114 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2088364 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200148 ER PT J AU Cimpoiasu, E Haugan, TJ Varanasi, CV Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Cimpoiasu, E. Haugan, T. J. Varanasi, C. V. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Effect of Oxygen Depletion on the Pinning Properties of YBa2Cu3Ox Films With Nanoinclusions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; pinning; superconductor; vortex dynamics ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSIONS AB Applications of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors require strong vortex pinning to ensure a non-dissipative state over a large range of temperatures and magnetic field values. Incorporations of nanoparticles and nanorods have generally resulted in a substantial increase of pinning, but the actual mechanism producing this increase is not fully understood. This report addresses the origin of the enhanced pinning through comparative resistive measurements in the mixed state of thin films of YBCO, YBCO doped with Y2O3 nanoparticles, and YBCO doped with BaSnO3 nanorods. In order to study the effect of oxygen, all three kinds of samples have been annealed in air at 420 degrees C. We have extracted and compared the resistive irreversibility lines before and after annealing. Our results indicate that while the nanoinclusions in the fully-oxygenated samples improve the pinning strength over that in the pure YBCO sample, the pinning enhancement essentially vanishes upon oxygen depletion. This is true for both pinning structures, nanorods and nanoparticles. C1 [Cimpoiasu, E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Levin, G. A.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cimpoiasu, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM cimpoias@usna.edu FU AFOSR; AFRL Propulsion Directorate at AFRL; NARC at USNA FX Manuscript received August 02, 2010; accepted October 18, 2010. Date of publication November 18, 2010; date of current version May 27, 2011. This work was partially supported by AFOSR and AFRL Propulsion Directorate at AFRL and NARC at USNA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 3218 EP 3221 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2090120 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200174 ER PT J AU Pasour, J Nguyen, K Wright, E Balkcum, A Atkinson, J Cusick, M Levush, B AF Pasour, John Khanh Nguyen Wright, Edward Balkcum, Adam Atkinson, John Cusick, Michael Levush, Baruch TI Demonstration of a 100-kW Solenoidally Focused Sheet Electron Beam for Millimeter-Wave Amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Millimeter wave (MMW); sheet beam; solenoidal focusing ID DESIGN; GUN; KLYSTRON AB The design and development of a high-perveance sheet electron beam is reported. A beamstick that employs a novel sheet beam gun together with a permanent magnet solenoid has been fabricated and tested up to 4.8 A at 22 kV. At the nominal operating point of 19.5 kV and 3.3 A, this beamstick has transported 98.5% of the emitted electron current through a 0.4 x 5 mm beam tunnel over a distance of 20 mm in a uniform 8.5-kG field. The beamstick collector has been depressed to-9 kV with very little effect on the beam transport. The performance very well agrees with simulations. This beamstick will be the basis for a high-power (similar to 10-kW) W-band extended-interaction-klystron amplifier that is currently under development. C1 [Pasour, John; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khanh Nguyen; Wright, Edward] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Balkcum, Adam; Atkinson, John; Cusick, Michael] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Pasour, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.pasour@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1792 EP 1797 DI 10.1109/TED.2011.2126577 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769FE UT WOS:000290995400029 ER PT J AU Loschialpo, P Smith, D Confer, T Peak, J AF Loschialpo, Peter Smith, Douglas Confer, Tammie Peak, Joseph TI Anomalous transmission properties of a conducting fiber composite material at high frequency SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; WAVES AB An anomalous resonant behavior is observed in the transmission through composite layers of randomly oriented conducting fibers at frequencies above the primary one-half wavelength dipole resonance. The echo of radiation from the encounter of waves propagating along fibers, which are oriented in the direction of the incident wave, with the discontinuity at the end, is found to be the cause of the anomaly. This end-fire echo dominates the dipole radiation pattern for electrically long conductors at oblique angles. Layers of randomly distributed 1 cm long fibers having a 0.8/cm(3) number density are examined from 1 to 50 GHz through a series of numerical experiments using the finite difference time domain method. Composites made from the same fibers aligned with the incident electric field do not exhibit the anomalous resonant behavior. Transmission for these aligned fibers is well-explained using Beer's law, given the total cross section for a single dipole. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Loschialpo, Peter; Smith, Douglas; Confer, Tammie; Peak, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Loschialpo, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.loschialpo@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) supported this work. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1445 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 773NS UT WOS:000291314600012 ER PT J AU Yang, JS Erwin, SC Kanisawa, K Nacci, C Folsch, S AF Yang, Jianshu Erwin, Steven C. Kanisawa, Kiyoshi Nacci, Christophe Foelsch, Stefan TI Emergent Multistability in Assembled Nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Scanning tunneling microscopy; density-functional theory; semiconductor surfaces; indium arsenide; STM manipulation of single atoms ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SURFACE; MANIPULATION; BISTABILITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STATE; ATOM AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 5 K reveals that native atoms in the surface layer of a semiconductor crystal become bistable in vertical height when a nanostructure is assembled nearby. The binary switching of surface atoms, driven by the STM tip, changes their charge state. Coupling is facilitated by assembling adatom chains, allowing us to explore the emergence of complex multiple switching. Density-functional theory calculations rationalize the observations and a lattice-gas model predicts the cooperative behavior from first principles. C1 [Yang, Jianshu; Nacci, Christophe; Foelsch, Stefan] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanisawa, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.erwin@nrl.navy.mil; foelsch@pdi-berlin.de FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Japanese Agency of Science and Technology (JST); German Research Foundation (DFG) FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, the Japanese Agency of Science and Technology (JST), and the German Research Foundation (DFG). Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Centers AFRL and ERDC. The experimental part of the work was carried out within the Japanese-German Cooperative Program 'Nanoelectronics' funded by JST and DFG. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2486 EP 2489 DI 10.1021/nl2009444 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 773QJ UT WOS:000291322600050 PM 21591678 ER PT J AU Papineau, D De Gregorio, BT Cody, GD O'Neil, J Steele, A Stroud, RM Fogel, ML AF Papineau, D. De Gregorio, B. T. Cody, G. D. O'Neil, J. Steele, A. Stroud, R. M. Fogel, M. L. TI Young poorly crystalline graphite in the > 3.8-Gyr-old Nuvvuagittuq banded iron formation SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN WEST GREENLAND; ISUA SUPRACRUSTAL BELT; ROCKS; BACTERIA; APATITE; CARBON; RAMAN; METASEDIMENTS; SEDIMENTS; LIFE AB Carbonaceous material present in ancient rocks can be used as an indicator of life during the time the rocks were formed. In particular, evidence for the existence of life more than 3,800 million years ago might come from mineral associations between apatite and graphite in rocks from southern West Greenland(1-7). However, this interpretation is partly based on the assumption that the graphite was formed at the same time as the host rocks, an assumption that has been difficult to prove(2-7). Here we investigate the origins of poorly crystalline graphite associated with apatite in metamorphosed banded iron formations from northern Canada that are 3,750 to 4,280 million years old(8-11). We measured average delta(13)C(graphite) values of -22.8 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand(1 sigma), similar to values from West Greenland sedimentary rocks of comparable age(1,3,5-7,12-14), and that point to a biological source for this carbon. Our microscopic and spectroscopic analyses suggest, however, that the graphite experienced much lower temperatures than the host rocks during metamorphism. We conclude that the poorly crystalline graphite in these rocks was deposited by fluids after peak metamorphism of the banded iron formations. We suggest that the occurrence of carbonaceous material with low delta(13)C values in Eoarchaean rocks cannot be used to indicate the presence of a microbial biosphere on the earliest Earth unless the syngeneity of the carbonaceous material in the host rock can be confirmed. C1 [Papineau, D.; Cody, G. D.; Steele, A.; Fogel, M. L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Papineau, D.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [De Gregorio, B. T.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [O'Neil, J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papineau, D (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM dominic.papineau@bc.edu RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU NASA [NNX08AO16G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC09A]; W.M. Keck Foundation; Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie of Canada; Naval Research Laboratory; NRC; Boston College; FQRNT; Office of Science, Department of Energy [DEAC0205CH11231] FX We thank the municipality of Inukjuak and the Pituvik Landholding Corporation for permission to work on their territory and M. Carroll for his support. We acknowledge funding from the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program (Grant No. NNX08AO16G), the NASA Astrobiology Institute (Grant No. NNA04CC09A), the W.M. Keck Foundation, the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie of Canada, the Naval Research Laboratory, the NRC Research Associateship Program, Boston College, and the FQRNT. Some data was acquired at beamline 5.3.2.2 at the ALS, which is supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Department of Energy (Contract No. DEAC0205CH11231). NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1038/NGEO1155 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 770LY UT WOS:000291089200016 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Deschamps, JR Rothman, RB Dersch, CM Folk, JE Cheng, KJ Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Kim, Jin-Hee Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Rothman, Richard B. Dersch, Christina M. Folk, John E. Cheng, Kejun Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 42: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological characterization of the N-methyl and N-phenethyl analogues of the racemic ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Racemates; Ortho-c and para-c oxide bridged phenylmorphans; N-Phenethyl substituent; Opioid receptor affinity; Functional assays; Molecular shape; Opioid antagonist activity ID ISOMERS; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN; AFFINITY; MORPHINE AB A new synthesis of N-methyl and N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, using N-benzyl- rather than N-methyl-substituted intermediates, was used and the pharmacological properties of these compounds were determined. The N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan(rac-(3R, 6aS, 11aS)-2-phenethyl-2,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-1H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro-[2,3-c]azocin-10-ol (12)) was found to have the highest l-opioid receptor affinity (K(i) = 1.1 nM) of all of the a- through f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Functional data ([(35)S]GTP-gamma-S) showed that the racemate 12 was more than three times more potent than naloxone as an l-opioid antagonist. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Jin-Hee; Folk, John E.; Cheng, Kejun; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIDA, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Jin-Hee; Folk, John E.; Cheng, Kejun; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIAAA, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rothman, Richard B.; Dersch, Christina M.] NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Addict Res Ctr,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDA, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, 5625 Fishers Lane,Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jheeeee@gmail.com; kr21f@nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIH, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIAAA; NIDA with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [Y1-DA1101] FX The work of the Drug Design and Synthesis Section, CBRB, NIDA, & NIAAA, was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIAAA). The Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, CBRB, NIDA, was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program of NIDA. The X-ray crystallographic work was supported by NIDA through an Interagency Agreement #Y1-DA1101 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). We thank Dr. Klaus Gawrisch and Dr. Walter Teague (Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, NIAAA, for NMR spectral data. The authors also thank Noel Whittaker and Wesley White, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, NIDDK, for mass spectral data. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3434 EP 3443 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.028 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 768RQ UT WOS:000290955400017 PM 21570305 ER PT J AU Chesnut, GT Maggio, KL Turiansky, GW AF Chesnut, Gregory T. Maggio, Kurt L. Turiansky, George W. TI RE: Case Series of Multiple Recurrent Reactive Keratoacanthomas Developing at Surgical Margins SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Chesnut, Gregory T.] USN, Natl Capital Consortium Gen Surg, Residency Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Turiansky, George W.] USA, Dermatol Serv, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Chesnut, GT (reprint author), USN, Natl Capital Consortium Gen Surg, Residency Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 6 BP 884 EP 885 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01962.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 767QO UT WOS:000290871300031 PM 21492306 ER PT J AU Bobak, JP Asher, WE Dowgiallo, DJ Anguelova, MD AF Bobak, Justin P. Asher, William E. Dowgiallo, David J. Anguelova, Magdalena D. TI Aerial Radiometric and Video Measurements of Whitecap Coverage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Foam fraction; microwave radiometry; sea foam; whitecap coverage; wind speed ID GAS TRANSFER VELOCITIES; MICROWAVE EMISSIVITY; OCEAN SURFACE; BREAKING WAVES; SEA FOAM; MODEL AB This paper presents the results of high-altitude microwave radiometric and video measurements in the presence of breaking waves made during the passage of Hurricane Dean on August 21, 2007, over the Gulf of Mexico. Previous measurements of foam fraction and radiometric brightness temperature have focused on the small scale, in which individual foam patches were of the same scale as the radiometer footprint. To work with data from spaceborne microwave radiometers, which have footprints on the scale of tens of kilometers, the knowledge of how the foam fraction sensitivity of brightness temperature scales when footprints increase from meters to kilometers is necessary. Video images of the sea surface recorded with a high-resolution monochrome digital camera were used to determine the foam fraction. Ocean-surface brightness temperature was measured with the Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) of the Naval Research Laboratory at frequencies of 6.6 [vertical and horizontal (VH) polarizations], 6.8 (VH), 7.2 (VH), and 10.7 GHz (V), with full polarimetric brightness temperatures measured at 19.35 and 37.0 GHz. Collocated nearly contemporaneous brightness temperatures were available from WindSat, Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder, and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager satellite radiometer overpasses. Oceanographic and meteorological data were taken from buoys located along the flight track. There was good correlation between brightness temperatures measured with APMIR and satellite-borne radiometers with absolute differences largely within the expected uncertainty of the data. An analysis of the video imagery provided the fractional area coverage of the actively breaking waves on the ocean surface. The increase in brightness temperature from each of the microwave sensors was correlated with the whitecap coverage measured by the camera. The experiment not only serves as an important bridge between measurements made with spatial scales on the order of tens of meters and data collected from satellites with spatial scales of tens of kilometers but also provides guidance for improving future field measurements on this topic. C1 [Bobak, Justin P.; Dowgiallo, David J.; Anguelova, Magdalena D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Asher, William E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Bobak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.bobak@nrl.navy.mil; asherwe@apl.washington.edu; david.dowgiallo@nrl.navy.mil; maggie.anguelova@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and in part by the National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2183 EP 2193 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2103565 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769FU UT WOS:000290997800001 ER PT J AU Fryer, DM Tadaki, DK Hwang, PF Strawn, AA Elster, EA Sheppard, FR AF Fryer, D. M. Tadaki, D. K. Hwang, P. F. Strawn, A. A. Elster, E. A. Sheppard, F. R. TI A NOVEL METHOD TO NORMALIZE INJURY SEVERITY IN A NON-HUMAN PRIMATE UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE MODEL. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 11-14, 2011 CL Norfolk, VA C1 [Fryer, D. M.; Tadaki, D. K.; Hwang, P. F.; Strawn, A. A.; Elster, E. A.; Sheppard, F. R.] USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2011 VL 35 SU 1 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 768VG UT WOS:000290965900165 ER PT J AU Strawn, AA Tadaki, DK Elster, EA Fryer, DM Davis, TA Sheppard, FR AF Strawn, A. A. Tadaki, D. K. Elster, E. A. Fryer, D. M. Davis, T. A. Sheppard, F. R. TI ACUTE REDUCTION IN CIRCULATING gamma delta T-LYMPHOCYTE TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN RESPONSE TO HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RESUSCITATION. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 11-14, 2011 CL Norfolk, VA C1 USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2011 VL 35 SU 1 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 768VG UT WOS:000290965900172 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Najita, JR AF Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. TI ORGANIC MOLECULES AND WATER IN THE INNER DISKS OF T TAURI STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; PLANET-FORMING REGION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; ACCRETION DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPITZER SURVEY; ISM DUST; GV-TAU AB We report high signal-to-noise Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra of a sample of 11 classical T Tauri stars. Molecular emission from rotational transitions of H2O and OH and rovibrational bands of simple organic molecules (CO2, HCN, C2H2) is common among the sources in the sample. The emission shows a range in both flux and line-to-continuum ratio for each molecule and in the flux ratios of different molecular species. The gas temperatures (200-800 K) and emitting areas we derive are consistent with the emission originating in a warm disk atmosphere in the inner planet formation region at radii <2 AU. The H2O emission appears to form under a limited range of excitation conditions, as demonstrated by the similarity in relative strengths of H2O features from star to star and the narrow range in derived temperature and column density. Emission from highly excited rotational levels of OH is present in all stars; the OH emission flux increases with the stellar accretion rate, and the OH/H2O flux ratio shows a relatively small scatter. We interpret these results as evidence for OH production via FUV photodissociation of H2O in the disk surface layers. No obvious explanation is found for the observed range in the relative emission strengths of different organic molecules or in their strength with respect to water. We put forward the possibility that these variations reflect a diversity in organic abundances due to star-to-star differences in the C/O ratio of the inner disk gas. Stars with the largest HCN/H2O flux ratios in our sample have the largest disk masses. While larger samples are required to confirm this, we speculate that such a trend could result if higher mass disks are more efficient at planetesimal formation and sequestration of water in the outer disk, leading to enhanced C/O ratios and abundances of organic molecules in the inner disk. A comparison of our derived HCN-to-H2O column density ratio to comets, hot cores, and outer T Tauri star disks suggests that the inner disks are chemically active. C1 [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7211, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM carr@nrl.navy.mil; najita@noao.edu FU NASA FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. Basic research in infrared astrophysics at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 2 AR 102 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/2/102 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765AP UT WOS:000290676100029 ER PT J AU Li, J Torres, DF Zhang, S Chen, YP Hadasch, D Ray, PS Kretschmar, P Rea, N Wang, JM AF Li, Jian Torres, Diego F. Zhang, Shu Chen, Yupeng Hadasch, Daniela Ray, Paul S. Kretschmar, Peter Rea, Nanda Wang, Jianmin TI LONG-TERM X-RAY MONITORING OF LS I+61 degrees 303: ANALYSIS OF SPECTRAL VARIABILITY AND FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (LS I+61 degrees 303) ID LSI+61 DEGREES 303; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; H-ALPHA; MICROQUASAR LS-I+61-303; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ORBITAL MODULATION; TIMING-EXPLORER; LIGHT-CURVE; BINARY; EMISSION AB We report on the full analysis of a Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array monitoring of the gamma-ray binary system LS I +61 degrees 303. The data set covers 42 contiguous cycles of the system orbital motion. Analyzing this X-ray monitoring data set, the largest to date for this source, we report on the variability of the orbital profile and the spectral distribution, and provide strong evidence for an anti-correlation between flux and spectral index (the higher the flux, the harder the spectral index). Furthermore, we present the analysis of two newly discovered kilosecond-timescale flares, which present significant variability also on shorter timescales and tend to occur at orbital phases between 0.6 and 0.9. However, a detailed timing analysis of the flares does not show any coherent or quasi-coherent (QPO) structure in their power spectra. We also investigated the possible appearance of the radio super-orbital modulation at X-ray energies, but we could not unambiguously detect such modulation in the system flux history nor in the evolution of its orbital modulation fraction. C1 [Li, Jian; Zhang, Shu; Chen, Yupeng; Wang, Jianmin] Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Torres, Diego F.] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Torres, Diego F.; Hadasch, Daniela; Rea, Nanda] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Ray, Paul S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kretschmar, Peter] ESA European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Wang, Jianmin] Chinese Acad Sci, TPCSF, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Li, J (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM jianli@ihep.ac.cn RI Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; CAS [KJCX2-YW-T03, 2009CB824800]; Natural Science Foundation of China via NSFC [10325313, 10521001, 10733010, 11073021, 10821061]; Formosa Program [TW2010005]; NASA DPR [NNG08E1671]; Ramon y Cajal; [AYA2009-07391]; [SGR2009-811] FX This work was subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the CAS key Project KJCX2-YW-T03, and 973 program 2009CB824800. Jianmin Wang and Shu Zhang thank the Natural Science Foundation of China for support via NSFC-10325313, 10521001, 10733010, 11073021, and 10821061. We acknowledge support from the grants AYA2009-07391 and SGR2009-811, as well as the Formosa Program TW2010005. This work was also partially supported by NASA DPR No. NNG08E1671. Nanda Rea is supported by a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship. We thank the referee for a careful reading of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 2 AR 89 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/2/89 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765AP UT WOS:000290676100016 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, K Gupta, S Ray, A Wettergren, TA AF Mukherjee, Kushal Gupta, Shalabh Ray, Asok Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Statistical-Mechanics-Inspired Optimization of Sensor Field Configuration for Detection of Mobile Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Gibbs distribution; mobile target detection; optimization of the sensor field configuration; sensor networks ID NETWORKS AB This paper presents a statistical-mechanics-inspired procedure for optimization of the sensor field configuration to detect mobile targets. The key idea is to capture the low-dimensional behavior of the sensor field configurations across the Pareto front in a multiobjective scenario for optimal sensor deployment, where the nondominated points are concentrated within a small region of the large-dimensional decision space. The sensor distribution is constructed using location-dependent energy-like functions and intensive temperature-like parameters in the sense of statistical mechanics. This low-dimensional representation is shown to permit rapid optimization of the sensor field distribution on a high-fidelity simulation test bed of distributed sensor networks. C1 [Mukherjee, Kushal; Gupta, Shalabh; Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mukherjee, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kum162@psu.edu; szg107@psu.edu; axr2@psu.edu; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0688]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0376] FX Manuscript received April 12, 2010; revised October 18, 2010; accepted November 9, 2010. Date of publication December 17, 2010; date of current version May 18, 2011. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-1-0688 and in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-07-1-0376. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor S. Ferrari. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2010.2092763 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 765UP UT WOS:000290734400015 PM 21172754 ER PT J AU Blair, EP Liu, M Lent, CS AF Blair, Enrique Pacis Liu, Mo Lent, Craig S. TI Signal Energy in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Bit Packets SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular; Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata; QCA; Bit Packet; Cost; Fan-Out; Molecular Electronics; Recoverable Energy ID MAJORITY LOGIC GATE; MAXWELLS DEMON; SHIFT REGISTER; BINARY WIRE; POWER GAIN; CLOCKING; LIMITS; LATCH; CELLS AB Quantum-dot cellular automata is a novel paradigm for computing at the nanoscale. Cells are the basic computing element in quantum-dot cellular automata and function as structured charge containers rather than as current switches. Computing with quantum-dot cellular automata is enabled by quantum-mechanical tunneling and Coulomb interactions. The use of molecules as cells to realize quantum-dot cellular automata may make possible nanometer-scale devices and ultra-high device densities without excessive heat dissipation. Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata can be clocked using an external electric field. A time-varying clock can be used to drive data flow through layouts of cells. Together, the clock and the device layout define a computational architecture where data flows through the circuitry in the form of bit packets. Here we analyze the energetics of QCA bit packets. We find a heuristic model based on cell-cell interactions works well. Bit packet energies in general scale with the packet length. It may, however, be possible to design a cell geometry so that the energy is packet-length independent. Fan-out and fan-in can be understood as investing energy from the clock in the signal, and then returning the energy back to the clock. C1 [Liu, Mo; Lent, Craig S.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Blair, Enrique Pacis] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lent, CS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. OI Blair, Enrique/0000-0001-5872-4819 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 SI SI BP 972 EP 982 DI 10.1166/jctn.2011.1777 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 765GH UT WOS:000290691900009 ER PT J AU Steinberg, MK Lemieux, EJ Drake, LA AF Steinberg, Mia K. Lemieux, Edward J. Drake, Lisa A. TI Determining the viability of marine protists using a combination of vital, fluorescent stains SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; BALLAST WATER-TREATMENT; GREEN AUTOFLUORESCENCE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; TRANSPORT; TOXICITY; CHLOROPHYLL; MICROALGAE AB Determining the viability of protists and small microzooplankton has long been a focus of studies in marine biology and ecology. It is especially relevant in the issue of shipborne invasive species, and impending international guidelines and various national regulations on the allowable concentrations of organisms in discharged ballast water have spurred the growth of an industry that develops and manufactures ballast water management systems. The success of management systems and ability of ships to meet ballast water discharge standards is determined by the number of viable organisms in treated water. Here, we propose combining two vital, fluorescent stains (fluorescein diacetate [FDA] and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate [CMFDA]) with direct microscopic observation to enumerate viable organisms >= 10 and < 50 mu m in minimum dimension (nominally protists). This approach was validated in four locations in the United States to determine the efficacy of the stains. Although the accuracy of the stains varied by geographic location and the taxonomic composition of the planktonic assemblage, combining fluorescent stains is a robust, powerful tool that can be optimized for the species present at each location. While this method was developed for analyzing viable organisms in treated ballast water, it may also be used or adapted for any field of research that examines a broad taxonomic range of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton. C1 [Drake, Lisa A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Steinberg, Mia K.; Lemieux, Edward J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Drake, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6136,F-14, Key West, FL 33040 USA. EM lisa.drake@nrl.navy.mil FU United States Coast Guard [HSCG23-09-X-MMS028] FX This research was supported by the United States Coast Guard (contract #HSCG23-09-X-MMS028) and does not represent official USCG policy. Many thanks to Mr. Scott Riley, Ms. Stephanie Robbins-Wamsley, and Dr. Matthew First at the Naval Research Laboratory in Key West, Florida and to Dr. Richard Everett for providing feedback that greatly improved this manuscript. Additional thanks to Dr. Mario Tamburri, Mr. Timothy Mullady, Mr. George Smith, and Ms. Janet Barnes from the Maritime Environmental Resource Center; Dr. Andrea Copping, Dr. Dana Woodruff, and Mr. William Pratt from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; and Dr. Michael Sieracki and Dr. Nicole Poulton from Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences for their generous assistance during this project. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1437 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1640-8 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 766SJ UT WOS:000290806500022 ER PT J AU Fasoldt, JJ Tieu, KD AF Fasoldt, Jerry J. Tieu, Kathy D. TI Chronic Unilateral Preauricular Rash SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHONE DERMATITIS; CELL PHONE C1 [Fasoldt, Jerry J.] USN, Air Stn, New Orleans, LA USA. [Tieu, Kathy D.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Fasoldt, JJ (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, New Orleans, LA USA. EM jfasoldt@gmail.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1337 EP 1338 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979ZU UT WOS:000306864200011 PM 21661717 ER PT J AU Lucas, GR AF Lucas, George R., Jr. TI The Strategy of Graceful Decline SO ETHICS & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article C1 [Lucas, George R., Jr.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lucas, George R., Jr.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lucas, GR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM grlucas@usna.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0892-6794 J9 ETHICS INT AFF JI Ethics Int. Aff. PD SUM PY 2011 VL 25 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1017/S0892679411000086 PG 10 WC Ethics; International Relations; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; International Relations; Government & Law GA V28JC UT WOS:000208676100002 ER PT J AU McClernon, CK McCauley, ME O'Connor, PE Warm, JS AF McClernon, Christopher K. McCauley, Michael E. O'Connor, Paul E. Warm, Joel S. TI Stress Training Improves Performance During a Stressful Flight SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE stress exposure training; performance under stress; pilot training; aviation safety; flight training; pilot performance; cold pressor; stress coping ID ATTENTIONAL CONTROL; SETTINGS AB Objective: This study investigated whether stress training introduced during the acquisition of simulator-based flight skills enhances pilot performance during subsequent stressful flight operations in an actual aircraft. Background: Despite knowledge that preconditions to aircraft accidents can be strongly influenced by pilot stress, little is known about the effectiveness of stress training and how it transfers to operational flight settings. Method: For this study, 30 participants with no flying experience were assigned at random to a stress-trained treatment group or a control group. Stress training consisted of systematic pairing of skill acquisition in a flight simulator with stress coping mechanisms in the presence of a cold pressor. Control participants received identical flight skill acquisition training but without stress training. Participants then performed a stressful flying task in a Piper Archer aircraft. Results: Stress-trained research participants flew the aircraft more smoothly, as recorded by aircraft telemetry data, and generally better, as recorded by flight instructor evaluations, than did control participants. Conclusions: Introducing stress coping mechanisms during flight training improved performance in a stressful flying task. Application: The results of this study indicate that stress training during the acquisition of flight skills may serve to enhance pilot performance in stressful operational flight and, therefore, might mitigate the contribution of pilot stress to aircraft mishaps. C1 [McClernon, Christopher K.; Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCauley, Michael E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [McCauley, Michael E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [O'Connor, Paul E.] Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. RP McClernon, CK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Human Performance Wing 711, Bldg 33,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.mcclernon@us.af.mil RI OConnor, Paul/H-1221-2011 OI OConnor, Paul/0000-0001-9036-098X FU U.S. Air Force Air Education and Training Command; Office of Naval Research; U.S. Air Force Academy's Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership FX This research was made possible by support from the U.S. Air Force Air Education and Training Command, the Office of Naval Research, and the U.S. Air Force Academy's Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership. Experiment trials were conducted with support from the Monterey Airport Control Tower, the Northern California Terminal Radar Approach Control Facility, the Monterey Navy Flying Club, the Travis Air Force Base Aero Club, and the Avidyne Corporation. This research was performed at the Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation (MOVES) Institute, Naval Postgraduate School, as part of the requirements for the doctoral degree of the first author. The first author would like to thank the following dissertation committee members for their sage advice: William Becker, Anthony Ciavarelli, Rudolph Darken, Michael McCauley, Nita Miller, and Paul O'Connor. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 3 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1177/0018720811405317 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 783WO UT WOS:000292115100001 PM 21830508 ER PT J AU Marshall, RE Horgan, KL AF Marshall, Robert E. Horgan, Katherine L. TI Multi-wavelength radar target detection in an extreme advection duct event SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE refraction; radio frequency propagation AB Near sea surface radio frequency (RF) refraction is four dimensional (4D) and can significantly impact the performance of radar systems. The refractivity field is dictated by the vertical thermodynamic structure of the constantly evolving marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Logistical and budgetary restraints on meteorological measurements over water to capture the spatio-temporal structure of refractivity fields influencing radar performance have limited the knowledge of how and why radar performance is azimuth, range, and time dependent. Rapidly increasing computer processing speeds and decreasing memory capacity costs have supported the horizontal and vertical resolution requirements for mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to resolve the thermodynamic structure in the MABL. Once modeled, refractivity structure is easily calculated from the thermodynamic structure. Mesoscale NWP models coupled with modern parabolic equation radar performance models can support the prediction of 4D radar performance in challenging non-homogeneous, near surface refractivity fields at the time and location of the modeler's choice. The NWP modeling presented in this paper demonstrates how large-scale offshore flow of warm and dry air over colder seas produces strong near surface RF trapping. Large land-sea temperature differences can produce near shore sea breezes and surface-based ducts. This paper describes modeled radar performance in such a complex ducting structure over the Persian Gulf during large-scale northwest atmospheric flow. The refractivity field was resolved by the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R) is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory) and the notional radar performance was modeled by the advanced refractive effects prediction system (AREPS). The results indicate strong spatial and wavelength-dependent enhancements and degradations in radar performance relative to a standard atmosphere. C1 [Marshall, Robert E.; Horgan, Katherine L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marshall, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 18444 Dahlgren Rd,Suite 330, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM erobert.e.marshall@navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1759-0787 J9 INT J MICROW WIREL T JI Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 3 SI SI BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1017/S1759078711000225 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V27KY UT WOS:000208613300017 ER PT J AU Nainani, A Sun, Y Irisawa, T Yuan, Z Kobayashi, M Pianetta, P Bennett, BR Boos, JB Saraswat, KC AF Nainani, Aneesh Sun, Yun Irisawa, Toshifumi Yuan, Ze Kobayashi, Masaharu Pianetta, Piero Bennett, Brian. R. Boos, J. Brad Saraswat, Krishna C. TI Device quality Sb-based compound semiconductor surface: A comparative study of chemical cleaning SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRICS; MOSFETS AB We have studied the surface cleaning of Sb-based compound semiconductors using HF, NH(4)OH, and HCl cleans and the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated subsequently. GaSb, InGaSb, and AlGaSb surfaces are investigated using low-energy radiation from the synchrotron. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and photoluminescence measurements are carried out on capacitors made with Al(2)O(3) from atomic layer deposition and corroborated with the results from synchrotron spectroscopy. Excellent C-V characteristics with a mid-band-gap interface state density of 3 x 10(11)/cm(2) eV are obtained on samples with the HCl clean. This is consistent with the finding that only the HCl acid clean is able to remove the native oxides present on GaSb and InGaSb surfaces, and produce clean and stable surfaces suitable for MOSFET development. Complete removal of AlO(x) on the AlGaSb surface was not possible using chemical cleaning. Termination of AlGaSb with two monolayers of GaSb is proposed as a solution. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3590167] C1 [Nainani, Aneesh; Irisawa, Toshifumi; Yuan, Ze; Kobayashi, Masaharu; Saraswat, Krishna C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sun, Yun; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bennett, Brian. R.; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nainani, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM nainani@stanford.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Intel Corporation; Office of Naval Research FX Aneesh Nainani would like to thank Intel Corporation for a Ph.D. fellowship. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and Intel Corporation. Parts of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 11 AR 114908 DI 10.1063/1.3590167 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 785GF UT WOS:000292214700167 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG Hermanson, JC Iliopoulos, A Lambrakos, SG Furukawa, T AF Michopoulos, John G. Hermanson, John C. Iliopoulos, Athanasios Lambrakos, Samuel G. Furukawa, Tomonari TI Data-Driven Design Optimization for Composite Material Characterization SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design optimization; material characterization; mechatronic systems; constitutive response; anisotropic materials; polymer matrix composites; multiaxial testing; full-field methods ID VIRTUAL FIELDS METHOD; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; MULTIAXIAL TESTS; DISPLACEMENT; STIFFNESSES; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS AB The main goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the value of design optimization beyond its use for structural shape determination in the realm of the constitutive characterization of anisotropic material systems such as polymer matrix composites with or without damage. The approaches discussed are based on the availability of massive experimental data representing the excitation and response behavior of specimens tested by automated mechatronic material testing systems capable of applying multiaxial loading. Material constitutive characterization is achieved by minimizing the difference between experimentally measured and analytically computed system responses as described by surface strain and strain energy density fields. Small and large strain formulations based on additive strain energy density decompositions are introduced and utilized for constructing the necessary objective functions and their subsequent minimization. Numerical examples based on both synthetic (for one-dimensional systems) and actual data (for realistic 3D material systems) demonstrate the successful application of design optimization for constitutive characterization. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3595561] C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Iliopoulos, Athanasios; Lambrakos, Samuel G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hermanson, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Furukawa, Tomonari] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Danville, VA 24540 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015; Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665; Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL FX The authors acknowledge the support by the Office of Naval Research and by NRL's 6.1 core-program. The authors also express their gratitude to Dr. Phillip Mast for providing us with pioneering inspiration by initiating both the dream and the reality of industrialized material characterization in the sixties and allowed us to stand on his giant shoulders. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 AR 021009 DI 10.1115/1.3595561 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 782FF UT WOS:000291993200010 ER PT J AU Irastorza, IG Avignone, FT Caspi, S Carmona, JM Dafni, T Davenport, M Dudarev, A Fanourakis, G Ferrer-Ribas, E Galan, J Garcia, JA Geralis, T Giomataris, I Gomez, H Hoffmann, DHH Iguaz, FJ Jakovcic, K Krcmar, M Lakic, B Luzon, G Pivovaroff, M Papaevangelou, T Raffelt, G Redondo, J Rodriguez, A Russenschuck, S Ruz, J Shilon, I Ten Kate, H Tomas, A Troitsky, S van Bibber, K Villar, JA Vogel, J Walckiers, L Zioutas, K AF Irastorza, I. G. Avignone, F. T. Caspi, S. Carmona, J. M. Dafni, T. Davenport, M. Dudarev, A. Fanourakis, G. Ferrer-Ribas, E. Galan, J. Garcia, J. A. Geralis, T. Giomataris, I. Gomez, H. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Iguaz, F. J. Jakovcic, K. Krcmar, M. Lakic, B. Luzon, G. Pivovaroff, M. Papaevangelou, T. Raffelt, G. Redondo, J. Rodriguez, A. Russenschuck, S. Ruz, J. Shilon, I. Ten Kate, H. Tomas, A. Troitsky, S. van Bibber, K. Villar, J. A. Vogel, J. Walckiers, L. Zioutas, K. TI Towards a new generation axion helioscope SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE axions; dark matter experiments ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; STRONG CP PROBLEM; COHERENT PRIMAKOFF CONVERSION; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR AXIONS; BALLOON EXPERIMENT; BRAGG SCATTERING; GASEOUS DETECTOR; CAST EXPERIMENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We study the feasibility of a new generation axion helioscope, the most ambitious and promising detector of solar axions to date. We show that large improvements in magnetic field volume, x-ray focusing optics and detector backgrounds are possible beyond those achieved in the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST). For hadronic models, a sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling of g(a gamma) greater than or similar to few x 10(-12) GeV-1 is conceivable, 1-1.5 orders of magnitude beyond the CAST sensitivity. If axions also couple to electrons, the Sun produces a larger flux for the same value of the Peccei-Quinn scale, allowing one to probe a broader class of models. Except for the axion dark matter searches, this experiment will be the most sensitive axion search ever. reaching or surpassing the stringent bounds from SN1987A and possibly testing the axion interpretation of anomalous white-dwarf cooling that predicts m(a) of a few meV. Beyond axions, this new instrument will probe entirely unexplored ranges of parameters for a large variety of axion-like particles (ALPs) and other novel excitations at the low-energy frontier of elementary particle physics. C1 [Irastorza, I. G.; Carmona, J. M.; Dafni, T.; Galan, J.; Garcia, J. A.; Gomez, H.; Luzon, G.; Rodriguez, A.; Tomas, A.; Villar, J. A.] Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, Zaragoza, Spain. [Avignone, F. T.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Caspi, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Davenport, M.; Dudarev, A.; Russenschuck, S.; Ruz, J.; Shilon, I.; Ten Kate, H.; Walckiers, L.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fanourakis, G.; Geralis, T.] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Athens, Greece. [Ferrer-Ribas, E.; Galan, J.; Giomataris, I.; Iguaz, F. J.; Papaevangelou, T.] CEA Saclay, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hoffmann, D. H. H.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany. [Jakovcic, K.; Krcmar, M.; Lakic, B.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. [Pivovaroff, M.; Vogel, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Raffelt, G.; Redondo, J.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Shilon, I.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Troitsky, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [van Bibber, K.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Zioutas, K.] Univ Patras, Patras, Greece. RP Irastorza, IG (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, Zaragoza, Spain. EM Igor.Irastorza@cern.ch; titus3@me.com; scaspi@lbl.gov; jcarmona@unizar.es; theopisti.dafni@cern.ch; martyn.davenport@cern.ch; Alexey.Dudarev@cern.ch; Georgios.Fanourakis@cern.ch; esther.ferrer-ribas@cea.fr; javier.galan.lacarra@cern.ch; juanan318@gmail.com; Theodoros.Geralis@cern.ch; Ioanis.Giomataris@cern.ch; hgomez@unizar.es; hoffmann@physik.tu-darmstadt.de; franciscojose.iguazgutierrez@cea.fr; Kresimir.Jakovcic@cern.ch; Milica.Krcmar@irb.hr; Biljana.Lakic@cern.ch; luzon@unizar.es; michael.james.pivovaroff@cern.ch; Thomas.Papaevangelou@cern.ch; raffelt@mppmu.mpg.de; redondo@mppmu.mpg.de; mara@unizar.es; Stephan.Russenschuck@cern.ch; jaime.ruz@cern.ch; Idan.Shilon@cern.ch; Herman.TenKate@cern.ch; atomas@unizar.es; sergey.troitsky@gmail.com; kavanbib@nps.edu; villar@unizar.es; Julia.Vogel@cern.ch; Louis.Walckiers@Cern.ch; Konstantin.Zioutas@cern.ch RI Iguaz Gutierrez, Francisco Jose/F-4117-2016; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Dafni, Theopisti /J-9646-2012; Troitsky, Sergey/C-1377-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014; Carmona, Jose/H-3732-2015; Redondo, Javier/H-9362-2015; Galan, Javier/F-7986-2016; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016 OI Luzon Marco, Gloria/0000-0002-5352-1884; Iguaz Gutierrez, Francisco Jose/0000-0001-6327-9369; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Dafni, Theopisti /0000-0002-8921-910X; Troitsky, Sergey/0000-0001-6917-6600; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816; Carmona, Jose/0000-0003-2264-2306; Redondo, Javier/0000-0002-1044-8197; Galan, Javier/0000-0001-7529-9834; Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [FPA2008-03456]; MICINN [CSD2007-00042]; ERDF/FEDER; European Commission under the European Research Council T-REX of EU [ERC-2009-StG-240054]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRD [10-SI-015]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) [TR-27, EXC-153]; MSES of Croatia FX We thank our colleagues of the CAST collaboration. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under contract FPA2008-03456, as well as under the CPAN project CSD2007-00042 from the Consolider-Ingenio2010 program of the MICINN. Part of these grants are funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). We also acknowledge support from the European Commission under the European Research Council T-REX Starting Grant ERC-2009-StG-240054 of the IDEAS program of the 7th EU Framework Program. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with support from the LDRD program through grant 10-SI-015. Partial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) under grants TR-27 and EXC-153, as well as by the MSES of Croatia, is also acknowledged. NR 136 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 IS 6 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/06/013 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 786UC UT WOS:000292332400013 ER PT J AU Traxler, A Stellmach, S Garaud, P Radko, T Brummell, N AF Traxler, A. Stellmach, S. Garaud, P. Radko, T. Brummell, N. TI Dynamics of fingering convection. Part 1 Small-scale fluxes and large-scale instabilities SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE double-diffusive convection; geophysical and geological flows ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE INTRUSIONS; OCEANIC THERMOHALINE INTRUSIONS; SALT FINGERS; COLLECTIVE INSTABILITY; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MODEL; THERMOCLINE; SENSITIVITY; STAIRCASE AB Double-diffusive instabilities are often invoked to explain enhanced transport in stably stratified fluids. The most-studied natural manifestation of this process, fingering convection, commonly occurs in the ocean's thermocline and typically increases diapycnal mixing by 2 orders of magnitude over molecular diffusion. Fingering convection is also often associated with structures on much larger scales, such as thermohaline intrusions, gravity waves and thermohaline staircases. In this paper, we present an exhaustive study of the phenomenon from small to large scales. We perform the first three-dimensional simulations of the process at realistic values of the heat and salt diffusivities and provide accurate estimates of the induced turbulent transport. Our results are consistent with oceanic field measurements of diapycnal mixing in fingering regions. We then develop a generalized mean-field theory to study the stability of fingering systems to large-scale perturbations using our calculated turbulent fluxes to parameterize small-scale transport. The theory recovers the intrusive instability, the collective instability and the gamma-instability as limiting cases. We find that the fastest growing large-scale mode depends sensitively on the ratio of the background gradients of temperature and salinity (the density ratio). While only intrusive modes exist at high density ratios, the collective and gamma instabilities dominate the system at the low density ratios where staircases are typically observed. We conclude by discussing our findings in the context of staircase-formation theory. C1 [Traxler, A.; Stellmach, S.; Garaud, P.; Brummell, N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. [Radko, T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Traxler, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. EM atraxler@soe.ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-0933759, NSF-0807672, OCE 0547650, ANT 0944536, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057]; NASA [NNG05GG69G, NNG06GD44G, NNX07A2749] FX A.T., P. G. and T. R. are supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF-0933759 and NSF-0807672. T. R. is supported by NSF grants OCE 0547650, ANT 0944536, AST 0806431 and CBET 0933057. S. S. was supported by grants from the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Program (NNG05GG69G, NNG06GD44G and NNX07A2749). The simulations were run on the Pleiades supercomputer at UCSC, purchased using an NSF-MRI grant. Computing time was also provided by the John von Neumann Institute for Computing. We thank Gary Glatzmaier for many helpful discussions and for his continuous support. Finally, we appreciate the insightful comments provided by the referees, which led to clarifying rewrites of several points. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 677 BP 530 EP 553 DI 10.1017/jfm.2011.98 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 783PB UT WOS:000292095200019 ER PT J AU Stellmach, S Traxler, A Garaud, P Brummell, N Radko, T AF Stellmach, S. Traxler, A. Garaud, P. Brummell, N. Radko, T. TI Dynamics of fingering convection. Part 2 The formation of thermohaline staircases SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE double-diffusive convection; geophysical and geological flows ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAYER FORMATION; SALT FINGERS; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; C-SALT; THERMOCLINE; SERIES; FLUID; STARS AB Regions of the ocean's thermocline unstable to salt fingering are often observed to host thermohaline staircases, stacks of deep well-mixed convective layers separated by thin stably stratified interfaces. Decades after their discovery, however, their origin remains controversial. In this paper we use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to shed light on the problem. We study the evolution of an analogous double-diffusive system, starting from an initial statistically homogeneous fingering state, and find that it spontaneously transforms into a layered state. By analysing our results in the light of the mean-field theory developed in Part 1 (Traxler et al., J. Fluid Mech. doi:10.1017/jfm.2011.98,2011), a clear picture of the sequence of events resulting in the staircase formation emerges. A collective instability of homogeneous fingering convection first excites a field of gravity waves, with a well-defined vertical wavelength. However, the waves saturate early through regular but localized breaking events and are not directly responsible for the formation of the staircase. Meanwhile, slower-growing, horizontally invariant but vertically quasi-periodic gamma-modes are also excited and grow according to the gamma-instability mechanism. Our results suggest that the nonlinear interaction between these various mean-field modes of instability leads to the selection of one particular gamma-mode as the staircase progenitor. Upon reaching a critical amplitude, this progenitor overturns into a fully formed staircase. We conclude by extending the results of our simulations to real oceanic parameter values and find that the progenitor gamma-mode is expected to grow on a time scale of a few hours and leads to the formation of a thermohaline staircase in about one day with an initial spacing in the order of 1-2 m. C1 [Stellmach, S.; Traxler, A.; Garaud, P.; Brummell, N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Stellmach, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. [Radko, T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Traxler, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. EM stellma@earth.uni-muenster.de FU National Science Foundation [NSF-093379, OCE 0547650, ANT 0944536, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057]; NASA [NNG05GG69G, NNG06GD44G, NNX07A2749] FX A.T., P. G. and T. R. are supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF-093379, and T. R. is supported by NSF grants OCE 0547650, ANT 0944536, AST 0806431 and CBET 0933057. S. S. was supported by grants from the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Program (NNG05GG69G, NNG06GD44G and NNX07A2749). The simulations were partially run on the Pleiades supercomputer at UCSC, purchased using an NSF-MRI grant. Computing time was also provided by the John von Neuman Institute for Computing. We thank Gary Glatzmaier for many helpful discussions and for his continuous support. Finally, we appreciate the insightful comments provided by the referees, which led to clarifying rewrites of several points. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 677 BP 554 EP 571 DI 10.1017/jfm.2011.99 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 783PB UT WOS:000292095200020 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Volino, Ralph J. Schultz, Michael P. Flack, Karen A. TI Turbulence structure in boundary layers over periodic two- and three-dimensional roughness SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary layer structure; turbulent boundary layers ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ATTACHED-EDDY HYPOTHESIS; CHANNEL FLOW; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT; WALL TURBULENCE; SMOOTH; REGION AB Measurements are presented from turbulent boundary layers over periodic two- and three-dimensional roughness. Cases with transverse rows of staggered cubes and cases with solid square transverse bars of two sizes were considered. Previous results by Volino, Schultz & Flack (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 635, 2009, p. 75) showed outer-layer similarity between cases with three-dimensional roughness and smooth walls, and deviations from similarity in cases with large two-dimensional transverse bars. The present results show that differences also occur with small two-dimensional bars and to a lesser extent when the bars are replaced with rows of staggered cubes. Differences are most apparent in correlations of turbulence quantities, which are of larger spatial extent for the rough-wall cases. The results with the staggered cubes indicate that part of the periodic roughness effect is caused by the repeated disturbance and recovery of the boundary layer as it encounters a row of roughness followed by a smooth surface. A larger effect, however, is due to the blockage caused by the two-dimensional transverse bars, which extend across the entire width of the boundary layer. The small two-dimensional bars have a larger effect than the staggered cubes, in spite of the bar height being only 11 viscous units and 1/7 of the cube height. The effect of the small bars extends well into the outer flow, indicating that effects observed previously with larger bars were not due only to a thickening of the roughness sublayer. The observed differences between the rough- and smooth-wall results are believed to be caused by large-scale attached eddies which extend from the roughness elements to the edge of the boundary layer. C1 [Volino, Ralph J.; Flack, Karen A.] USN Acad, Mech Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Mech Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WR-2-0081, N00014-08-WR-2-0159] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for providing financial support under grants N00014-08-WR-2-0081 and N00014-08-WR-2-0159, and the United States Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory for providing technical support. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 676 BP 172 EP 190 DI 10.1017/S0022112011000383 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 783OJ UT WOS:000292093300008 ER PT J AU Yungwirth, CJ O'Connor, J Zakraysek, A Deshpande, VS Wadley, HNG AF Yungwirth, Christian J. O'Connor, John Zakraysek, Alan Deshpande, Vikram S. Wadley, Haydn N. G. TI Explorations of Hybrid Sandwich Panel Concepts for Projectile Impact Mitigation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC TARGETS; PLATES; PENETRATION; MODEL; DEFORMATION; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; ARMORS AB Previous studies have shown that while stainless-steel sandwich panels with pyramidal truss cores have a superior blast resistance to monolithic plates of equal mass per unit area, their ballistic performance is similar to their monolithic counterparts. Here, we explore concepts to enhance the ballistic resistance without changing the volumetric efficiency of the panels by filling the spaces within the core with combinations of polyurethane, alumina prisms, and aramid fiber textiles. The addition of the polyurethane does not enhance the ballistic limit compared with the equivalent monolithic steel plate, even when aramids are added. This poor performance occurs because the polymer is penetrated by a hole enlargement mechanism which does not result in significant projectile deformation or load spreading and engagement of the steel face sheets. By contrast, ceramic inserts deform and erode the projectile and also comminute the ceramic. The ceramic communition (and resultant dilation) results in stretching of both steel face sheets and leads to significant energy dissipation. The ballistic limit of this hybrid is about twice that of the equivalent monolithic steel plate. The addition of a Kevlar fabric to the ceramic hybrid is shown to not significantly change the ballistic limit but does reduce the residual velocities of the debris. C1 [Yungwirth, Christian J.; Wadley, Haydn N. G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [O'Connor, John; Zakraysek, Alan] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Deshpande, Vikram S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. RP Wadley, HNG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM haydn@virginia.edu RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-04-1-0299, N00014-01-1-1051] FX The ballistic measurements were supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research under Grant number N00014-04-1-0299 (Dr. Leo Christodoulou was its program manager). The analysis work has been performed as part of the Ultralight Metallic Panels with Textile Cores Designed for Blast Mitigation and Load Retention program conducted by the University of Virginia and Cambridge University and funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant number N00014-01-1-1051 (Dr. David Shifler was the program manager). NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 94 SU 1 BP S62 EP S75 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04501.x PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 785EC UT WOS:000292209200007 ER PT J AU Firebaugh, S Piepmeier, J Leckie, E Burkhardt, J AF Firebaugh, Samara Piepmeier, Jenelle Leckie, Elizabeth Burkhardt, John TI Jitterbot: A Mobile Millirobot Using Vibration Actuation SO MICROMACHINES LA English DT Article DE microrobotics; vibrational actuation; seismic actuation; FEM modeling AB Microrobotics is a rapidly growing field with promising applications in microsurgery and microassembly. A challenge in these systems is providing power and control signals to the robot. This project explores crawling robots that are powered and controlled through a global mechanical vibration field. Structures within the robot will cause it to respond to particular frequencies with different motion modalities. A prototype, dubbed the "jitterbot", was cut out of a 0.75 mm sheet of steel using electric discharge machining (EDM), and has a total footprint of approximately 30 mm x 20 mm in the xy-plane. The. robot. has a tripod body (8 mm x 16 mm) with three small legs, and two suspended masses that are designed for specific resonance frequencies. The robot was tested on a plate that was vibrated vertically at frequencies ranging from 20 to 2,000 Hz. For particular resonant frequencies, the robot moves forward and turns in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Finite element modeling confirms that the mechanism for motion is a rocking mode that is influenced by two arms that are suspended mass springs tuned to different frequencies. This lays the groundwork for further miniaturization. C1 [Firebaugh, Samara; Piepmeier, Jenelle; Leckie, Elizabeth; Burkhardt, John] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Firebaugh, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu; piepmeie@usna.edu; m103594@usna.edu; burkhard@usna.edu FU Department of the Navy's Program Executive Office for Integrated Warfare Systems (PEO/IWS) FX This work began as an undergraduate research project sponsored by the Department of the Navy's Program Executive Office for Integrated Warfare Systems (PEO/IWS). The authors also wish to thank the USNA machine shop, particularly Matt Stanley, for the machining of the jitterbots. The authors also wish to thank Anders Ekerot at COMSOL for his assistance in setting up the ALE application mode for the finite element model. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-666X J9 MICROMACHINES-BASEL JI Micromachines PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.3390/mi2020295 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA V29XS UT WOS:000208781700011 ER PT J AU Gingeras, R AF Gingeras, Ryan TI In the Hunt for the "Sultans of Smack:" Dope, Gangsters and the Construction of the Turkish Deep State SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This article traces the development and evolution of the Turkish heroin trade against the backdrop of the Republic of Turkey's long transition from imperial core to nation-state. In taking up heroin's relationship to modern Turkey, I would like to specifically explore the meaning and manifestations of what many inside and outside of academia have called the "deep state." Heroin, I argue, was and is one of the most vital enablers of the factional "deep state" rivalries that compete for power in Ankara, adding a steady violent dimension to local and national politics. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gingeras, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 EI 1940-3461 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SUM PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 426 EP 441 DI 10.3751/65.3.14 PG 16 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA V31XI UT WOS:000208915900005 PM 22081838 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Jackson, EM Nolde, JA Affouda, CA Aifer, EH Meyer, JR Hood, A Evans, AJ Tennant, WT AF Vurgaftman, Igor Canedy, Chadwick L. Jackson, Eric M. Nolde, Jill A. Affouda, Chaffra A. Aifer, Edward H. Meyer, Jerry R. Hood, Andrew Evans, Allan J. Tennant, William T. TI Analysis and performance of type-II superlattice infrared detectors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; III-V; infrared detector; long-wave infrared; photodiode ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; HGCDTE AB We discuss the current performance of long-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II superlattices, and the projected characteristics for diffusion-limited operation. For optimized architectures such as graded-gap and abrupt-heterojunction designs, the dark currents are strongly dominated by Shockley-Read (SR) rather than Auger processes. A factor of 10 improvement over the demonstrated SR lifetimes would lead to a factor of 4 lower dark current than state-of-the-art HgCdTe devices. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3578926] C1 [Vurgaftman, Igor; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Jackson, Eric M.; Nolde, Jill A.; Affouda, Chaffra A.; Aifer, Edward H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hood, Andrew; Evans, Allan J.; Tennant, William T.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 93212 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.vurgaflman@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 6 AR 061007 DI 10.1117/1.3578926 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 786IU UT WOS:000292299400007 ER PT J AU Chafin, AP Davis, MC Lai, WW Lindsay, GA Park, DH Herman, WN AF Chafin, Andrew P. Davis, Matthew C. Lai, William W. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Park, Dong H. Herman, Warren N. TI Benzofuran-terminated infrared dyes and their electro-optic properties in guest-host polymers SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Electro-optic; First hyperpolarizability; Dyes; Nonlinear optic ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION; DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYENES; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEARITY; THERMAL-STABILITY; PHOTOSTABILITY; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULES; CRYSTALS AB Molecular first hyperpolarizabilities and dipole moments of new benzo-fused dyes were calculated using quantum-mechanical density functional theory (DFT). Two new infrared dyes were synthesized: each one was terminated with 6-diethylaminobenzo[b]furan on one end, and with CF(3)-tricyanodihydrofuran on the other end. The midsection of the pi-electron framework for one dye contained a morpholino-substituted cyclohexenylene unit, and the other dye contained an ethoxysiloxane-substituted cyclohexenylene unit. Guest-host films were deposited on ITO-glass and contact poled. Electro-optic coefficients (r(33)) were measured at a wavelength of 1550 nm by the attenuated total reflection method and by a modified simple Teng-Man reflection method. The measured values of r(33) were compared with values estimated from a well-known model that employs the molecular properties of the dyes and the film poling parameters. Thermal stability and electronic absorption spectra of the dyes were measured. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chafin, Andrew P.; Davis, Matthew C.; Lai, William W.; Lindsay, Geoffrey A.] USN, NAWCWD Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Park, Dong H.; Herman, Warren N.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), NAWCWD, C-4L4200D,MS 6303,1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM geoffrey.lindsay@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful for the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research ILIR program. The authors thank Richard Hollins for synthesizing compound 9 (see Scheme 3); Daniel Bliss (NAWCWD) for performing the DSC; and Roxanne Quintana for GPC measurements. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1315 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2011.03.004 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 785LT UT WOS:000292231200029 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, M AF Rasmussen, Maria TI How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Rasmussen, Maria] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rasmussen, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2011 VL 126 IS 2 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 783HY UT WOS:000292073300015 ER PT J AU Balizer, E Fedderly, J Lee, G Bartyczak, S Mock, W AF Balizer, Edward Fedderly, Jeffry Lee, Gilbert Bartyczak, Susan Mock, Willis, Jr. TI Investigation of microstructural changes in impacted polyurea coatings using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th annual Denver X-ray Conference (DXC) CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Denver, CO DE polyureas; soft segment molecular weight; high speed impact; SAXS; morphology ID COPOLYMERS AB Three polyureas with decreasing soft segment molecular weights of 1000, 650, and a 250/1000 blend were molded onto circular steel plates and then impacted with a high speed (275 m/s) conical-shaped steel cylinder. The polyurea layer of the post mortem bilayers was characterized on a molecular level by small angle synchrotron X-ray scattering (SAXS) at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory. Analysis revealed that the hard domains of the polyureas with lower molecular weight soft segments reformed and oriented over a greater area of the coating, thus increasing the polymer strain hardening and resulting in visibly less out of plane bilayer deformation. This agrees with the hypothesis that polymer strain hardening is a mechanism that retards necking failure of the metal plate. (C) 2011 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOT: 10.1154/1.3590738] C1 [Balizer, Edward; Fedderly, Jeffry; Lee, Gilbert] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Bartyczak, Susan; Mock, Willis, Jr.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Balizer, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 FU NSWC Carderock and Dahlgren Divisions; National Laboratory FX The In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) programs of the NSWC Carderock and Dahlgren Divisions supported this work. Argonne National Laboratory also awarded us a grant for the use of the Advanced Photon Source at the DND beamline for this work. We thank S. Weigand for his help with our experiments at the DND beamline and P. Dudt of NSWC Carderock Division for helpful discussions on high speed impact protective mechanisms. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1154/1.3590738 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 787HQ UT WOS:000292367600010 ER PT J AU O'Grady, WE Roeper, DF Pandya, KI Cheek, GT AF O'Grady, W. E. Roeper, D. F. Pandya, K. I. Cheek, G. T. TI XAFS studies of Ni, Ta, and Nb chlorides in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride/aluminum chloride SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th annual Denver X-ray Conference (DXC) CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Denver, CO DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; XAS; ionic liquid; nickel chloride; niobium chloride; tantalum chloride ID CHLOROALUMINATE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; NBCL5 AB The structures of anhydrous nickel, niobium, and tantalum chlorides have been investigated in situ in acidic and basic ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (EMIC)/AlCl3 with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The coordination of NiCl2 changes from tetrahedral in basic solution to octahedral in acidic solution. The NiCl2 is a strong Lewis acid in that it can induce the AlCl3 to share its chlorides in the highly acidic IL, forming a structure with six near Cl- ions and eight further distant Al ions which share the chloride ions surrounding the Ni2+. When Nb2Cl10, a dimer, is added to the acidic or basic solution, the dimer breaks apart and forms two species. In the acid solution, two trigonal bipyramids are formed with five equal chloride distances, while in the basic solution, a square pyramid with four chlorides forming a square base and one shorter axial chloride bond. Ta2Cl10 is also a dimer and divides into half in the acidic solution and forms two trigonal bipyramids. In the basic solution, the dimer breaks apart but the species formed is sufficiently acidic that it attracts two additional chloride ions and forms a seven coordinated tantalum species. (C) 2011 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOI: 10.1154/1.3591165] C1 [O'Grady, W. E.; Roeper, D. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roeper, D. F.] EXCET Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cheek, G. T.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Grady, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ogrady@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; DOE, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by DOE, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 31 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1154/1.3591165 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 787HQ UT WOS:000292367600015 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, Y. W. TI Study of Fluid Effects on Dynamics of Composite Structures SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE composite structures; fluid-structure interaction; transient analysis ID UNDERWATER EXPLOSION; SHOCK AB This study investigated the effect of fluid-structure interaction on dynamic responses of submerged composite structures subjected to a mechanical impact loading. The research was focused on finding various parameters that affected the transient dynamic responses of the submerged composite structures. To this end, coupled fluid-structure interaction analyses of composite structures surrounded by a water medium were conducted numerically for various parametric studies and their results were compared with those of dry (i.e., in air) structures in order to understand the role of each parameter under study. Furthermore, modified dry structural models were developed to represent the dynamic responses of the same structures under water with a reasonable accuracy. Those models would be beneficial to predict the structural behaviors under water without an expensive computational or experimental cost. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002377] C1 USN, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU ONR FX The work presented here was supported and funded by ONR. The Program Manager is Dr. Yapa D.S. Rajapakse. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 AR 031301 DI 10.1115/1.4002377 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 754GC UT WOS:000289842000010 ER PT J AU Huynh, TV AF Huynh, Thomas V. TI Orthogonal Array Experiment in Systems Engineering and Architecting SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE orthogonal array experiment; systems engineering and architecting; engineering optimization problem; assignment problem ID ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS; TAGUCHI METHOD; DESIGN; ALLOCATION; PARAMETER AB This paper espouses the application of orthogonal array experiment to solve a class of engineering optimization problems encountered in systems engineering and architecting. It also illustrates the applicability of orthogonal array experiment in systems engineering and architecting with two examples: verification and validation of the performance of a bandwidth allocation algorithm and architecting of a system of systems to respond to small boat attacks by terrorists. The orthogonal array experiment approach does not call for linearization of nonlinear engineering optimization problems; using orthogonal arrays, it solves them directly by carrying out the smallest possible number of experiments and determining their solutions from the results of the experiments. The orthogonal array experiment method has been found to be effective and efficient for these problems. The feasibility of applying the orthogonal array experiment approach to these problems suggests its potential application to other optimization problems encountered in systems engineering and architecting. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 208-222, 2011 C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, 777 Dwyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thuynh@nps.edu NR 52 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 EI 1520-6858 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SUM PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 208 EP 222 DI 10.1002/sys.20172 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 748VL UT WOS:000289420800008 ER PT J AU Trafton, JG Altmann, EM Ratwani, RM AF Trafton, J. Gregory Altmann, Erik M. Ratwani, Raj M. TI A memory for goals model of sequence errors SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM2009) CY JUL 23-26, 2009 CL Univ Manchester, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Univ Manchester DE Routine sequential actions; Errors; Cognitive modeling ID ACTION SLIPS; TASK; INTERRUPTION; BEHAVIOR AB A model of routine sequence actions is developed based on the Memory for Goals framework. The model assumes that sequential action is guided by episodic control codes generated for each step, and that these codes decay with time and can be primed by contextual retrieval cues. These control codes serve a place-keeping function that allows the system to infer the correct next action after performance is interrupted. According to the model, perseveration (repeat) errors occur because an older episodic trace intrudes due to noise in the system. Anticipation (skip) errors occur because of failures in reality monitoring, in which the model believes that it has completed a step it has not. The model predicts that perseveration errors should occur more frequently than anticipation errors, and that perseveration errors should occur in a graded fashion away from the current step. Across two different experiments, these predictions were supported at both a qualitative and a quantitative level. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Trafton, J. Gregory; Ratwani, Raj M.] USN, Res Lab, AI Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Altmann, Erik M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AI Ctr, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.trafton@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.07.010 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 730CK UT WOS:000288008100007 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Houston, BH AF Martin, Michael J. Houston, Brian H. TI Frequency Response of Cylindrical Resonators in a Viscous Fluid SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR VIBRATIONS; MULTIPLE RESONANCES; FORCES; CYLINDER AB The frequency response of a cylinder in a viscously damped fluid is a problem of fundamental engineering interest, with applications ranging from microsystems to offshore structures. The analytic solution for the drag in a vibrating cylinder in the laminar flow regime is combined with the equations of motion for forced vibration of a cylinder attached to a spring. The resulting model gives an analytic solution for the dynamic response of the system, including the gain, frequency lag, resonant frequency, quality factor, and stability of the system. The results show that the response of the system is nonlinear, with the phase of the system differing from the phase predicted by linear models. The gain, quality factor, resonant frequency, and crossover frequency all increase with the nondimensional natural frequency beta and decrease with the ratio of the fluid density to the resonator density. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003203] C1 [Martin, Michael J.; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM martinm2@asme.org RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Office of Naval Research. The authors also wish to thank Prof. Leigh McCue of Virginia Tech for her useful comments. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 AR 031009 DI 10.1115/1.4003203 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 744UB UT WOS:000289119000009 ER PT J AU Leap, MJ Rankin, J Harrison, J Hackel, L Nemeth, J Candela, J AF Leap, M. J. Rankin, J. Harrison, J. Hackel, L. Nemeth, J. Candela, J. TI Effects of laser peening on fatigue life in an arrestment hook shank application for Naval aircraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Laser peening; Low cycle fatigue; Arrestment hook shank; Hy-Tuf; Ferrium S53 AB Laser peening is evaluated relative to and in combination with other means of improving fatigue resistance in a particularly severe arrestment hook shank application for a carrier-based Naval aircraft. A large-scale test specimen was designed and manufactured from Hy-Tuf steel to geometrically simulate conditions in the arrestment hook shank, and fatigue tests were conducted on peened specimens under conditions of spectrum loading that simulate aircraft arrestments. Laser peening substantially increases the resistance to crack initiation relative to conventional shot peening. A change to a higher-strength steel, Ferrium S53, significantly increases the crack initiation life of both conventionally shot peened and laser peened specimens, with the latter exhibiting the highest levels of crack initiation life for all conditions evaluated in this test program. Proof loading at levels above the design limit load, conducted before the peening operation, substantially increases the crack initiation life of conventionally shot peened specimens. In contrast, proof loading does not provide additional improvements in the fatigue life of laser peened specimens since the depth of plasticity due to proof loading is similar in magnitude to the depth of residual compressive stress introduced by laser peening. Finally, limited test results suggest that repeated laser peening over the life of a component may maximize or even extend crack initiation life; however, a significant amount of testing would be required to determine the processing parameters that maximize the efficacy of this approach to extending fatigue life. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nemeth, J.] Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA USA. [Leap, M. J.; Candela, J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Rankin, J.; Hackel, L.] Met Improvement Co, Livermore, CA USA. [Harrison, J.] Met Improvement Co, Wellington, KS USA. RP Nemeth, J (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA USA. EM jpnemeth@aol.com FU Concurrent Technologies Corporation [N00014-06-D-0048] FX This article was prepared by the Navy Metalworking Center, operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation, under Contract No. N00014-06-D-0048 to the Office of Naval Research as part of the Navy ManTech Program. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JUN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 788 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.12.016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 739QH UT WOS:000288732400004 ER PT J AU Akgun, I Tansel, BC Wood, RK AF Akgun, Ibrahim Tansel, Barbaros C. Wood, R. Kevin TI The multi-terminal maximum-flow network-interdiction problem SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OR in military; Integer programming; Network flows; Network interdiction ID CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGY AB This paper defines and studies the multi-terminal maximum-flow network-interdiction problem (MTNIP) in which a network user attempts to maximize flow in a network among K >= 3 pre-specified node groups while an interdictor uses limited resources to interdict network arcs to minimize this maximum flow. The paper proposes an exact (MTNIP-E) and an approximating model (MPNIM) to solve this NP-hard problem and presents computational results to compare the models. MTNIP-E is obtained by first formulating MTNIP as bi-level min-max program and then converting it into a mixed integer program where the flow is explicitly minimized. MPNIM is binary-integer program that does not minimize the flow directly. It partitions the node set into disjoint subsets such that each node group is in a different subset and minimizes the sum of the arc capacities crossing between different subsets. Computational results show that MPNIM can solve all instances in a few seconds while MTNIP-E cannot solve about one third of the problems in 24 hour. The optimal objective function values of both models are equal to each other for some problems while they differ from each other as much as 46.2% in the worst case. However, when the post-interdiction flow capacity incurred by the solution of MPNIM is computed and compared to the objective value of MTNIP-E, the largest difference is only 7.90% implying that MPNIM may be a very good approximation to MTNIP-E. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akgun, Ibrahim; Tansel, Barbaros C.] Bilkent Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Wood, R. Kevin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Akgun, I (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM iakgun@bilkent.edu.tr OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 211 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2010.12.011 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 734BS UT WOS:000288308800003 ER PT J AU Traves, W Wakefield, M AF Traves, Will Wakefield, Max TI Derivation radical subspace arrangements SO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED ALGEBRA LA English DT Article ID MODULE AB In this note we study modules of derivations on collections of linear subspaces in a finite dimensional vector space. The central aim is to generalize the notion of freeness from hyperplane arrangements to subspace arrangements. We call this generalization 'derivation radical'. We classify all coordinate subspace arrangements that are derivation radical and show that certain subspace arrangements of the Braid arrangement are derivation radical. We conclude by proving that under an algebraic condition the subspace arrangement consisting of all codimension c intersections, where c is fixed, of a free hyperplane arrangement are derivation radical. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Traves, Will; Wakefield, Max] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Traves, W (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Mail Stop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM traves@usna.edu; wakefiel@usna.edu FU NSF [0600893]; NSF Japan; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Sergey Yuzvinsky for numerous discussions and help with these topics. The authors also want to thank Hiroaki Terao and Takuro Abe for many discussions and helpful suggestions. The authors are also grateful for discussions with Masahiko Yoshinaga, Hal Schenck, Graham Denham, Uli Walther, and Mathias Schulze. The second author has been supported by NSF grant # 0600893, the NSF Japan program, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-4049 J9 J PURE APPL ALGEBRA JI J. Pure Appl. Algebr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 215 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1501 DI 10.1016/j.jpaa.2010.09.007 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 728YT UT WOS:000287911100024 ER PT J AU Goroshin, R Huynh, Q Zhou, HM AF Goroshin, Rostislav Huynh, Quyen Zhou, Hao-Min TI APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS TO SEVERAL VISIBILITY OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Visibility; optimization; level set method ID ALGORITHMS; POLYGONS AB The visibility level set function introduced by Tsai et al. allows for gradient based and variational formulations of many classical visibility optimization problems. In this work we propose solutions to two such problems. The first asks where to position n-observers such that the area visible to these observers is maximized. The second problem is to determine the shortest route an observer should take through a map such that every point in the map is visible from at least one vantage point on the route. These problems are similar to the "artgallery" and "watchman route" problems, respectively. We propose a greedy iterative algorithm, formulated in the level set framework as the solution to the art gallery problem. We also propose avariational solution to the watchman route problem which achieves complete visibility coverage of the domain while attaining a local minimum of path length. C1 [Goroshin, Rostislav] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Huynh, Quyen] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Zhou, Hao-Min] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Goroshin, R (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM goroshin@cs.nyu.edu; quyen.huynh@navy.mil; hmzhou@math.gatech.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 535 EP 550 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 700GG UT WOS:000285725400009 ER PT J AU Joye, SB Leifer, I MacDonald, IR Chanton, JP Meile, CD Teske, AP Kostka, JE Chistoserdova, L Coffin, R Hollander, D Kastner, M Montoya, JP Rehder, G Solomon, E Treude, T Villareal, TA AF Joye, Samantha B. Leifer, Ira MacDonald, Ian R. Chanton, Jeffery P. Meile, Christof D. Teske, Andreas P. Kostka, Joel E. Chistoserdova, Ludmila Coffin, Richard Hollander, David Kastner, Miriam Montoya, Joseph P. Rehder, Gregor Solomon, Evan Treude, Tina Villareal, Tracy A. TI Comment on "A Persistent Oxygen Anomaly Reveals the Fate of Spilled Methane in the Deep Gulf of Mexico" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYDROCARBON SEEPS; ATMOSPHERE AB Kessler et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 312) reported that methane released from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout, approximately 40% of the total hydrocarbon discharge, was consumed quantitatively by methanotrophic bacteria in Gulf of Mexico deep waters over a 4-month period. We find the evidence explicitly linking observed oxygen anomalies to methane consumption ambiguous and extension of these observations to hydrate-derived methane climate forcing premature. C1 [Joye, Samantha B.; Meile, Christof D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Leifer, Ira] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [MacDonald, Ian R.; Chanton, Jeffery P.; Kostka, Joel E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Teske, Andreas P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chistoserdova, Ludmila] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98918 USA. [Coffin, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hollander, David] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kastner, Miriam] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Montoya, Joseph P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rehder, Gregor] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, Rostock, Germany. [Solomon, Evan] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Treude, Tina] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Joye, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjoye@uga.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; OI Meile, Christof/0000-0002-0825-4596; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6033 DI 10.1126/science.1203307 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769FN UT WOS:000290996700023 PM 21617058 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Urban, S Massalska-Arodz, M Bogoslovov, RB Czub, J Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Urban, S. Massalska-Arodz, M. Bogoslovov, R. B. Czub, J. Roland, C. M. TI Phase Diagram and Dynamics of the Liquid Crystal Isopentylcyanobiphenyl (5*CB) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GLASS FORMERS; HIGH-PRESSURE; RELAXATION; POLYMERS AB From measurements of the specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure, the phase diagram for the liquid crystal forming isopentylcyanobiphenyl (5*CB) was determined. There are a number of phases (isotropic liquid, glass, cholesteric, and crystalline), and we show that the phase boundaries differ from previous reports, reflecting the slow crystallization kinetics of the system. Using dielectric spectroscopy at ambient and elevated pressure, we identify the relaxation processes in the isotropic and cholesteric phases. From application of density scaling to the dynamics, we obtain scaling exponents, which were found to vary with the type of motion. Moreover, unlike previous results for many other liquid crystals, the scaling exponent for the isotropic state differs from the thermodynamic potential parameter, and hence the relaxation time along the clearing line varies significantly with pressure. The distinctive properties of 5*CB reflect the very different volume dependences of the thermodynamics and the dynamics. C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Urban, S.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Massalska-Arodz, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. D.F. and R.B.B. acknowledge respective National Research Council and American Association of Engineering Education postdoctoral appointments. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 20 BP 6437 EP 6444 DI 10.1021/jp202017p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 764SE UT WOS:000290652100007 PM 21539380 ER PT J AU Panteleev, G Yaremchuk, M Stabeno, PJ Luchin, V Nechaev, DA Kikuchi, T AF Panteleev, Gleb Yaremchuk, Max Stabeno, Phyllis J. Luchin, Vladimir Nechaev, Dmitri A. Kikuchi, Takashi TI Dynamic topography of the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; INVERSE AB A new mean dynamic topography (MDT) for the Bering Sea is presented. The product is obtained by combining historical oceanographic and atmospheric observations with high-resolution model dynamics in the framework of a variational technique. Eighty percent of the ocean data underlying the MDT were obtained during the last 25 years and include hydrographic profiles, surface drifter trajectories, and in situ velocity observations that were combined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric climatology. The new MDT quantifies surface geostrophic circulation in the Bering Sea with a formal accuracy of 2-4 cm/s. The corresponding sea surface height (SSH) errors are estimated by inverting the Hessian matrix in the subspace spanned by the leading modes of SSH variability observed from satellites. Comparison with similar products based on in situ observations, satellite gravity, and altimetry shows that the new MDT is in better agreement with independent velocity observations by Argo drifters and moorings. Assimilation of the satellite altimetry data referenced to the new MDT allows better reconstruction of regional circulations in the Bering Sea. Comparisons also indicate that MDT estimates derived from the latest Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid model have more in common with the presented sea surface topography than with the MDTs based on earlier versions of the geoid. The presented MDT will increase the accuracy of calculations of the satellite altimeter absolute heights and geostrophic surface currents and may also contribute to improving the precision in estimating the geoid in the Bering Sea. C1 [Panteleev, Gleb] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yaremchuk, Max] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Luchin, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. [Nechaev, Dmitri A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kikuchi, Takashi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Panteleev, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM gleb@iarc.uaf.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [828]; NSF [ARC-0632154]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan; International Arctic Research Center; Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX Panteleev and Nechaev were supported by the North Pacific Research Board 828 and the NSF ARC-0632154 awards. Panteleev was also partially funded by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan, and by the International Arctic Research Center. This study was also supported by the Office of Naval Research (program element 0602435N). The authors are grateful to Tom Weingartner and Seth Danielson for providing drifter data of the Kuskokwin 2008 experiment. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C05017 DI 10.1029/2010JC006354 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 770RB UT WOS:000291105100001 ER PT J AU French, NHF de Groot, WJ Jenkins, LK Rogers, BM Alvarado, E Amiro, B de Jong, B Goetz, S Hoy, E Hyer, E Keane, R Law, BE McKenzie, D McNulty, SG Ottmar, R Perez-Salicrup, DR Randerson, J Robertson, KM Turetsky, M AF French, Nancy H. F. de Groot, William J. Jenkins, Liza K. Rogers, Brendan M. Alvarado, Ernesto Amiro, Brian de Jong, Bernardus Goetz, Scott Hoy, Elizabeth Hyer, Edward Keane, Robert Law, B. E. McKenzie, Donald McNulty, Steven G. Ottmar, Roger Perez-Salicrup, Diego R. Randerson, James Robertson, Kevin M. Turetsky, Merritt TI Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER LOST; BOREAL FOREST; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SAMPLING TECHNIQUES; INTERIOR ALASKA; MULTIPLE SCALES AB Research activities focused on estimating the direct emissions of carbon from wildland fires across North America are reviewed as part of the North American Carbon Program disturbance synthesis. A comparison of methods to estimate the loss of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere from wildland fires is presented. Published studies on emissions from recent and historic time periods and five specific cases are summarized, and new emissions estimates are made using contemporary methods for a set of specific fire events. Results from as many as six terrestrial models are compared. We find that methods generally produce similar results within each case, but estimates vary based on site location, vegetation ( fuel) type, and fire weather. Area normalized emissions range from 0.23 kg C m(-2) for shrubland sites in southern California/NW Mexico to as high as 6.0 kg Cm-2 in northern conifer forests. Total emissions range from 0.23 to 1.6 Tg C for a set of 2003 fires in chaparral-dominated landscapes of California to 3.9 to 6.2 Tg C in the dense conifer forests of western Oregon. While the results from models do not always agree, variations can be attributed to differences in model assumptions and methods, including the treatment of canopy consumption and methods to account for changes in fuel moisture, one of the main drivers of variability in fire emissions. From our review and synthesis, we identify key uncertainties and areas of improvement for understanding the magnitude and spatial-temporal patterns of pyrogenic carbon emissions across North America. C1 [French, Nancy H. F.; Jenkins, Liza K.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [de Groot, William J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Res Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Rogers, Brendan M.; Randerson, James] Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Alvarado, Ernesto] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USFS PNW Fire & Environm Res Team, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Amiro, Brian] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [de Jong, Bernardus] Unidad Villahermosa, El Colegio Frontera Sur, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico. [Goetz, Scott] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hoy, Elizabeth] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hyer, Edward] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Keane, Robert] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Law, B. E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McKenzie, Donald; Ottmar, Roger] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Perez-Salicrup, Diego R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosist, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico. [Robertson, Kevin M.] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. RP French, NHF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct,Ste 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM nancy.french@mtu.edu; Bill.deGroot@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; liza.jenkins@mtu.edu; bmrogers@uci.edu; alvarado@u.washington.edu; Brian_Amiro@umanitoba.ca; bjong@ecosur.mx; sgoetz@whrc.org; ehoy@umd.edu; edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil; rkeane@fs.fed.us; bev.law@oregonstate.edu; donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us; steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; rottmar@fs.fed.us; diego@oikos.unam.mx; jranders@uci.edu; krobertson@ttrs.org; mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003 FU NASA [NNX08AK69G] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the work of Marlene Tyner and Benjamin Koziol at MTRI and Alan Cantin at CFS for their contributions in model calculation activities. Also, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of E. S. Kasischke for his suggestions and editing of a previous version of this manuscript. N.H.F. French and L. K. Jenkins were supported on this project by NASA grant NNX08AK69G from the Applied Sciences and Carbon Cycle Science programs. NASA also provided support for the development of the GFED3 fire emissions estimates described here. NR 99 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G00K05 DI 10.1029/2010JG001469 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 770QD UT WOS:000291102700001 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, J Hafizi, B Gordon, D Scully, M AF Sprangle, Phillip Penano, Joseph Hafizi, Bahman Gordon, Daniel Scully, Marlan TI Remotely induced atmospheric lasing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-NITROGEN LASER; FILAMENTATION; AIR AB We propose and analyze a remote atmospheric lasing configuration which utilizes a combination of an ultrashort pulse laser to form a plasma filament (seed electrons) by tunneling ionization and a heater pulse which thermalizes the seed electrons. Electrons collisionally excite nitrogen molecules and induce lasing in the ultraviolet. The lasing gain is sufficiently high to reach saturation within the length of the plasma filament. A remotely generated ultraviolet source may have applications for standoff detection of biological and chemical agents. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3584034] C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph; Gordon, Daniel] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Scully, Marlan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scully, Marlan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scully, Marlan] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Scully, Marlan] Princeton Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL [6.1]; ONR FX The authors are grateful to Drs. R. Fernsler, S. Suckewer, and A. Zigler for useful discussions. This work was supported by NRL 6.1 and ONR. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 21 AR 211102 DI 10.1063/1.3584034 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769TQ UT WOS:000291041600002 ER PT J AU Schermer, RT Olson, CC Coleman, JP Bucholtz, F AF Schermer, Ross T. Olson, Colin C. Coleman, J. Patrick Bucholtz, Frank TI Laser-induced thermophoresis of individual particles in a viscous liquid SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TWEEZERS; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; PHORETIC MOTIONS; WATER AB This paper presents a detailed investigation of the motion of individual micro-particles in a moderately-viscous liquid in direct response to a local, laser-induced temperature gradient. By measuring particle trajectories in 3D, and comparing them to a simulated temperature profile, it is confirmed that the thermally-induced particle motion is the direct result of thermophoresis. The elevated viscosity of the liquid provides for substantial differences in the behavior predicted by various models of thermophoresis, which in turn allows measured data to be most appropriately matched to a model proposed by Brenner. This model is then used to predict the effective force resulting from thermophoresis in an optical trap. Based on these results, we predict when thermophoresis will strongly inhibit the ability of radiation pressure to trap nano-scale particles. The model also predicts that the thermophoretic force scales linearly with the viscosity of the liquid, such that choice of liquid plays a key role in the relative strength of the thermophoretic and radiation forces. C1 [Schermer, Ross T.; Olson, Colin C.; Coleman, J. Patrick; Bucholtz, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Olson, Colin C.; Coleman, J. Patrick] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD USA. RP Schermer, RT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ross.schermer@nrl.navy.mil OI Coleman, John Patrick/0000-0002-7742-8975 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 10571 EP 10586 DI 10.1364/OE.19.010571 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 767JN UT WOS:000290852800051 PM 21643311 ER PT J AU Currie, M Olson, C AF Currie, Marc Olson, Colin TI Improved optical pulse propagation in water using an evolutionary algorithm SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; LINEAR ABSORPTION AB Optical pulse propagation in water is experimentally investigated using an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to control the shape of an optical pulse. The transmission efficiency (ratio of output to input optical power) is maximized by searching the combined amplitude and phase space governing an optical pulse shaper. The transmission efficiency of each tested pulse is physically determined by experiment during the course of the optimization. Combining the EA with an experiment in this manner is a powerful means of improving some figure of merit because no analytical or computational model is required-we optimize directly given the physics of the experiment. In addition, the EA is capable of efficiently searching a large parameter space. Here, we demonstrate improved linear optical pulse propagation near 800nm. Our results demonstrate a pulse with a dramatically narrower bandwidth that coincides with a local absorption minimum (near 800 nm) implying that the transmission efficiency is dominated by water's absorption spectrum. C1 [Currie, Marc; Olson, Colin] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Olson, Colin] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 10923 EP 10930 DI 10.1364/OE.19.010923 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 767JN UT WOS:000290852800092 PM 21643352 ER PT J AU Sturm, E Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Veilleux, S Fischer, J Gracia-Carpio, J Hailey-Dunsheath, S Contursi, A Poglitsch, A Sternberg, A Davies, R Genzel, R Lutz, D Tacconi, L Verma, A Maiolino, R de Jong, JA AF Sturm, E. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Veilleux, S. Fischer, J. Gracia-Carpio, J. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Contursi, A. Poglitsch, A. Sternberg, A. Davies, R. Genzel, R. Lutz, D. Tacconi, L. Verma, A. Maiolino, R. de Jong, J. A. TI MASSIVE MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN ULIRGs OBSERVED BY HERSCHEL-PACS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: starburst; ISM: jets and outflows ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SCALE GASEOUS OUTFLOWS; 3CR RADIO GALAXIES; II ESI SPECTRA; LUMINOUS STARBURSTS; QUASAR FEEDBACK; EMISSION-LINES; MARKARIAN 231; WATER-VAPOR; BLACK-HOLES AB Mass outflows driven by stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are a key element in many current models of galaxy evolution. They may produce the observed black-hole-galaxy mass relation and regulate and quench both star formation in the host galaxy and black hole accretion. However, observational evidence of such feedback processes through outflows of the bulk of the star-forming molecular gas is still scarce. Here we report the detection of massive molecular outflows, traced by the hydroxyl molecule (OH), in far-infrared spectra of ULIRGs obtained with Herschel-PACS as part of the SHINING key project. In some of these objects the (terminal) outflow velocities exceed 1000 km s(-1), and their outflow rates (up to similar to 200M(circle dot) yr(-1)) are several times larger than their star formation rates. We compare the outflow signatures in different types of ULIRGs and in starburst galaxies to address the issue of the energy source (AGN or starburst) of these outflows. We report preliminary evidence that ULIRGs with a higher AGN luminosity (and higher AGN contribution to L-IR) have higher terminal velocities and shorter gas depletion timescales. The outflows in the observed ULIRGs are able to expel the cold gas reservoirs from the centers of these objects within similar to 10(6)-10(8) years. C1 [Sturm, E.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Contursi, A.; Poglitsch, A.; Davies, R.; Genzel, R.; Lutz, D.; Tacconi, L.; de Jong, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Maiolino, R.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Sturm, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM sturm@mpe.mpg.de FU US ONR; NHSC; DFG [STE1869/1-1.GE625/15-1]; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain) FX We thank Dave Rupke for helpful discussions. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC. E.G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. A.S. thanks the DFG for support via German-Israeli Project Cooperation grant STE1869/1-1.GE625/15-1. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). NR 38 TC 214 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 1 AR L16 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/733/1/L16 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 797NL UT WOS:000293134500016 ER PT J AU Marconi, VC Grandits, G Okulicz, JF Wortmann, G Ganesan, A Crum-Cianflone, N Polis, M Landrum, M Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK Agan, B Kulkarni, H AF Marconi, Vincent C. Grandits, Greg Okulicz, Jason F. Wortmann, Glenn Ganesan, Anuradha Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Polis, Michael Landrum, Michael Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. Agan, Brian Kulkarni, Hemant CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Cumulative Viral Load and Virologic Decay Patterns after Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Subjects Influence CD4 Recovery and AIDS SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY; VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; CELL COUNT; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; INTERMITTENT VIREMIA; PROGNOSTIC MARKERS; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES AB Background: The impact of viral load (VL) decay and cumulative VL on CD4 recovery and AIDS after highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is unknown. Methods and Findings: Three virologic kinetic parameters (first year and overall exponential VL decay constants, and first year VL slope) and cumulative VL during HAART were estimated for 2,278 patients who initiated HAART in the U. S. Military HIV Natural History Study. CD4 and VL trajectories were computed using linear and nonlinear Generalized Estimating Equations models. Multivariate Poisson and linear regression models were used to determine associations of VL parameters with CD4 recovery, adjusted for factors known to correlate with immune recovery. Cumulative VL higher than the sample median was independently associated with an increased risk of AIDS (relative risk 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.56-3.62, p < 0.001). Among patients with VL suppression, first year VL decay and slope were independent predictors of early CD4 recovery (p = 0.001) and overall gain (p < 0.05). Despite VL suppression, those with slow decay during the first year of HAART as well as during the entire therapy period (overall), in general, gained less CD4 cells compared to the other subjects (133 vs. 195.4 cells/mu L; p = 0.001) even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: In a cohort with free access to healthcare, independent of established predictors of AIDS and CD4 recovery during HAART, cumulative VL and virologic decay patterns were associated with AIDS and distinct aspects of CD4 reconstitution. C1 [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Grandits, Greg; Okulicz, Jason F.; Wortmann, Glenn; Ganesan, Anuradha; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Polis, Michael; Landrum, Michael; Agan, Brian] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Grandits, Greg] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Okulicz, Jason F.; Landrum, Michael] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Polis, Michael] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.; Kulkarni, Hemant] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV 1 Infect, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.; Kulkarni, Hemant] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Marconi, VC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM vcmarco@emory.edu; kulkarnih@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Polis, Michael/0000-0002-9151-2268; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program [IDCRP-000-03]; Department of Defense through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-5072]; Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System; NIH [R37046326]; VA; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award; Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award FX Support for this work (IDCRP-000-03) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. This work was also supported by the Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and a MERIT (R37046326) award from the NIH to SKA. SKA is also supported by a VA MERIT award and is a recipient of the Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award, the Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research, and the Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e17956 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017956 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 766OI UT WOS:000290793400001 PM 21625477 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Emmert, JT Picone, JM Meier, RR AF Lean, J. L. Emmert, J. T. Picone, J. M. Meier, R. R. TI Global and regional trends in ionospheric total electron content SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; F2-LAYER AB A statistically significant positive trend of 0.6 +/- 0.3 total electron content unit (TECU; 1 TECU = 10(16) el m(-2)) per decade is detected in the 15 year record of daily averaged global total electron content obtained from multiple GPS observations between 1995 and 2010. The trend is extracted using a multiple regression analysis that simultaneously accounts for the comparatively larger global ionospheric responses to solar irradiance variability, solar-modulated annual and semiannual ionospheric oscillations, and geomagnetic activity. Geographical maps of regional trends in total electron content reveal both positive and negative local secular change during the past 15 years, with an overall larger increase in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. Largest regional changes of as much as +/- 3 TECU per decade occur in the vicinity of 60 W to 60 E longitude and 15 degrees S to 30 degrees N latitude. TEC trend magnitude depends sensitively on the specification of solar EUV irradiance variations in the multiple regression model. The +0.6 TECU per decade trend pertains to equal solar irradiance levels during the 1996 and 2008 solar activity minima. When the specified solar irradiance is 15% lower in 2008 than in 1996, the derived global ionospheric trend increases to 3 TECU per decade. We contend that such a large global trend is implausible and that the associated anomalously low level of EUV irradiance in cycle 2008 minimum, reported in earlier publications, is unlikely to be real. C1 [Lean, J. L.; Emmert, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Picone, J. M.; Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7605,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 FU ONR; NASA FX ONR and NASA funded this work. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A00H04 DI 10.1029/2010JA016378 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 767RY UT WOS:000290874900002 ER PT J AU Morales-Calderon, M Stauffer, JR Hillenbrand, LA Gutermuth, R Song, I Rebull, LM Plavchan, P Carpenter, JM Whitney, BA Covey, K de Oliveira, CA Winston, E McCaughrean, MJ Bouvier, J Guieu, S Vrba, FJ Holtzman, J Marchis, F Hora, JL Wasserman, LH Terebey, S Megeath, T Guinan, E Forbrich, J Huelamo, N Riviere-Marichalar, P Barrado, D Stapelfeldt, K Hernandez, J Allen, LE Ardila, DR Bayo, A Favata, F James, D Werner, M Wood, K AF Morales-Calderon, M. Stauffer, J. R. Hillenbrand, L. A. Gutermuth, R. Song, I. Rebull, L. M. Plavchan, P. Carpenter, J. M. Whitney, B. A. Covey, K. de Oliveira, C. Alves Winston, E. McCaughrean, M. J. Bouvier, J. Guieu, S. Vrba, F. J. Holtzman, J. Marchis, F. Hora, J. L. Wasserman, L. H. Terebey, S. Megeath, T. Guinan, E. Forbrich, J. Huelamo, N. Riviere-Marichalar, P. Barrado, D. Stapelfeldt, K. Hernandez, J. Allen, L. E. Ardila, D. R. Bayo, A. Favata, F. James, D. Werner, M. Wood, K. TI YSOVAR: THE FIRST SENSITIVE, WIDE-AREA, MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRIC MONITORING OF THE ORION NEBULA CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; open clusters and associations: individual (Orion); stars: pre-main sequence; stars: protostars; stars: variables: general ID SEQUENCE ECLIPSING BINARY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ROTATION PERIODS; PROPER MOTIONS; VARIABILITY; REGION AB We present initial results from time-series imaging at infrared wavelengths of 0.9 deg(2) in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). During Fall 2009 we obtained 81 epochs of Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 mu m data over 40 consecutive days. We extracted light curves with similar to 3% photometric accuracy for similar to 2000 ONC members ranging from several solar masses down to well below the hydrogen-burning mass limit. For many of the stars, we also have time-series photometry obtained at optical (I(c)) and/or near-infrared (JK(s)) wavelengths. Our data set can be mined to determine stellar rotation periods, identify new pre-main-sequence eclipsing binaries, search for new substellar Orion members, and help better determine the frequency of circumstellar disks as a function of stellar mass in the ONC. Our primary focus is the unique ability of 3.6 and 4.5 mu m variability information to improve our understanding of inner disk processes and structure in the Class I and II young stellar objects (YSOs). In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the YSOVAR Orion data obtained in Fall 2009 and highlight our light curves for AA-Tau analogs-YSOs with narrow dips in flux, most probably due to disk density structures passing through our line of sight. Detailed follow-up observations are needed in order to better quantify the nature of the obscuring bodies and what this implies for the structure of the inner disks of YSOs. C1 [Morales-Calderon, M.; Stauffer, J. R.; Rebull, L. M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hillenbrand, L. A.; Carpenter, J. M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gutermuth, R.] Smith Coll, Coll Astron Dept 5, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Gutermuth, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Song, I.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Plavchan, P.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Whitney, B. A.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Covey, K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Covey, K.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [de Oliveira, C. Alves] Observ Grenoble, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Winston, E.; McCaughrean, M. J.] Univ Exeter, Astrophys Grp, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [McCaughrean, M. J.; Favata, F.] European Space Agcy, Res & Sci Support Dept, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Bouvier, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IPAG, INSU,UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Vrba, F. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Guieu, S.; Bayo, A.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Holtzman, J.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Marchis, F.] UC Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marchis, F.] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Hora, J. L.; Forbrich, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wasserman, L. H.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Terebey, S.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Megeath, T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Guinan, E.] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Huelamo, N.; Riviere-Marichalar, P.; Barrado, D.] CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, INTA, LAEFF, E-28691 Villanueva De La Canada, Spain. [Barrado, D.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria, Spain. [Stapelfeldt, K.; Werner, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hernandez, J.] Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101 A, Venezuela. [Allen, L. E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ardila, D. R.] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [James, D.] Univ Hawaii, Hoku Kea Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [James, D.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Wood, K.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9AD, Fife, Scotland. RP Morales-Calderon, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mariamc@ipac.caltech.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012; Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017; Huelamo, Nuria/C-3042-2017; Morales-Calderon, Maria/C-8384-2017; OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242; Huelamo, Nuria/0000-0002-2711-8143; Morales-Calderon, Maria/0000-0001-9526-9499; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 47 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 1 AR 50 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/50 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 760HE UT WOS:000290314600050 ER PT J AU Mulu-Moore, FM Winebarger, AR Warren, HP Aschwanden, MJ AF Mulu-Moore, Fana M. Winebarger, Amy R. Warren, Harry P. Aschwanden, Markus J. TI DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS USING THEIR EVOLUTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; FLARING LOOPS; TRACE; EXPLORER; DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTROMETER; DYNAMICS; FILTER AB Despite significant progress in understanding the dynamics of the corona, there remain several unanswered questions about the basic physical properties of coronal loops. Recent observations from different instruments have yielded contradictory results about some characteristics of coronal loops, specifically as to whether the observed loops are spatially resolved. In this paper, we examine the evolution of coronal loops through two extreme-ultraviolet filters and determine if they evolve as a single cooling strand. We measure the temporal evolution of eight active region loops previously studied and found to be isothermal and resolved by Aschwanden & Nightingale. All eight loops appear in "hotter" TRACE filter images (Fe XII 195 angstrom) before appearing in the "cooler" (Fe IX/Fe x 171 angstrom) TRACE filter images. We use the measured delay between the two filters to calculate a cooling time and then determine if that cooling time is consistent with the observed lifetime of the loop. We do this twice: once when the loop appears (rise phase) and once when it disappears (decay phase). We find that only one loop appears consistent with a single cooling strand and hence could be considered to be resolved by TRACE. For the remaining seven loops, their observed lifetimes are longer than expected for a single cooling strand. We suggest that these loops could be formed of multiple cooling strands, each at a different temperature. These findings indicate that the majority of loops observed by TRACE are unresolved. C1 [Mulu-Moore, Fana M.; Winebarger, Amy R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aschwanden, Markus J.] Org ADBS, Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Mulu-Moore, FM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM fanamariam.mulumoore@nasa.gov; amy.r.winebarger@nasa.gov; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; aschwanden@lmsal.com FU NASA [NAS 5-38099]; NSF; NSF Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) FX TRACE is supported by contract NAS 5-38099 from NASA to LMATC. This work has been funded by Dr. Amy Winebarger's NSF Career Grant, the NSF Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM), and NASA's Postdoctoral Program. The authors thank the NPP host facility, Marshall Space Flight Center, and Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The authors are also grateful to the referee for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 1 AR 59 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/59 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 760HE UT WOS:000290314600059 ER PT J AU Tanaka, YT Stawarz, L Thompson, DJ D'Ammando, F Fegan, SJ Lott, B Wood, DL Cheung, CC Finke, J Buson, S Escande, L Saito, S Ohno, M Takahashi, T Donato, D Chiang, J Giroletti, M Schinzel, FK Iafrate, G Longo, F Ciprini, S AF Tanaka, Y. T. Stawarz, L. Thompson, D. J. D'Ammando, F. Fegan, S. J. Lott, B. Wood, D. L. Cheung, C. C. Finke, J. Buson, S. Escande, L. Saito, S. Ohno, M. Takahashi, T. Donato, D. Chiang, J. Giroletti, M. Schinzel, F. K. Iafrate, G. Longo, F. Ciprini, S. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DETECTION OF BRIGHT gamma-RAY OUTBURSTS FROM THE PECULIAR QUASAR 4C +21.35 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; quasars: individual (4C +21.35); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; BROAD-LINE REGION; 3C 454.3; BLAZAR JETS; EGRET DATA; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; CATALOG; VARIABILITY AB In this paper, we report on the two-year-long Fermi-Large Area Telescope observation of the peculiar blazar 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+216). This source was in a quiescent state from the start of the science operations of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in 2008 August until 2009 September, and then became more active, with gradually increasing flux and some moderately bright flares. In 2010 April and June, 4C +21.35 underwent a very strong GeV outburst composed of several major flares characterized by rise and decay timescales of the order of a day. During the outburst, the GeV spectra of 4C +21.35 displayed a broken power-law form with spectral breaks observed near 1-3 GeV photon energies. We demonstrate that, at least during the major flares, the jet in 4C +21.35 carried a total kinetic luminosity comparable to the total accretion power available to feed the outflow. We also discuss the origin of the break observed in the flaring spectra of 4C +21.35. We show that, in principle, a model involving annihilation of the GeV photons on the He II Lyman recombination continuum and line emission of "broad-line region" clouds may account for such. However, we also discuss the additional constraint provided by the detection of 4C +21.35 at 0.07-0.4 TeV energies by the MAGIC telescope, which coincided with one of the GeV flares of the source. We argue that there are reasons to believe that the less than or similar to TeV emission of 4C +21.35 (as well as the GeV emission of the source, if co-spatial) is not likely to be produced inside the broad-line region zone of highest ionization (similar to 10(17) cm from the nucleus), but instead originates further away from the active center, namely, around the characteristic scale of the hot dusty torus surrounding the 4C +21.35 nucleus (similar to 10(19) cm). C1 [Tanaka, Y. T.; Stawarz, L.; Saito, S.; Ohno, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Fegan, S. J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Lott, B.; Escande, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Wood, D. L.; Finke, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Buson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Buson, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Escande, L.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chiang, J.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chiang, J.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Schinzel, F. K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Iafrate, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Iafrate, G.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Ciprini, S.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Tanaka, YT (reprint author), JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM tanaka@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Iafrate, Giulia/0000-0002-6185-8292 FU JSPS; Polish MNiSW [N-N203-380336] FX T. T. is supported by JSPS research fellowships for Young Scientists. L. S. is grateful for the support from the Polish MNiSW through the grant N-N203-380336. Y.T.T. and L. S. acknowledge Marek Sikora for his useful comments and remarks. The authors also thank A. Marscher for providing the results of the Spitzer observations of 4C +21.35. We thank the referee for valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 58 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 1 AR 19 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/19 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 760HE UT WOS:000290314600019 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Robbrecht, E Muglach, K AF Wang, Y. -M. Robbrecht, E. Muglach, K. TI THE EVOLUTION OF DARK CANOPIES AROUND ACTIVE REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism; Sun: UV radiation ID SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LAMBDA-304 PROMINENCES; FILAMENT CHANNELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; SUN; FLOWS; IBIS AB As observed in spectral lines originating from the chromosphere, transition region, and low corona, active regions are surrounded by an extensive "circumfacular" area which is darker than the quiet Sun. We examine the properties of these dark moat-or canopy-like areas using Fe IX 17.1 nm images and line-of-sight magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The 17.1 nm canopies consist of fibrils (horizontal fields containing extreme-ultraviolet-absorbing chromospheric material) clumped into featherlike structures. The dark fibrils initially form a quasiradial or vortical pattern as the low-lying field lines fanning out from the emerging active region connect to surrounding network and intranetwork elements of opposite polarity. The area occupied by the 17.1 nm fibrils expands as supergranular convection causes the active-region flux to spread into the background medium; the outer boundary of the dark canopy stabilizes where the diffusing flux encounters a unipolar region of opposite sign. The dark fibrils tend to accumulate in regions of weak longitudinal field and to become rooted in mixed-polarity flux. To explain the latter observation, we note that the low-lying fibrils are more likely to interact with small loops associated with weak, opposite-polarity flux elements in close proximity, than with high loops anchored inside strong unipolar network flux. As a result, the 17.1 nm fibrils gradually become concentrated around the large-scale polarity inversion lines (PILs), where most of the mixed-polarity flux is located. Systematic flux cancellation, assisted by rotational shearing, removes the field component transverse to the PIL and causes the fibrils to coalesce into long PIL-aligned filaments. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robbrecht, E.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Muglach, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muglach, K.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; eva.robbrecht@oma.be; karin.muglach@nasa.gov FU NASA; NSF; Office of Naval Research FX We thank N. R. Sheeley, Jr., P. R. Young, and P. Foukal for stimulating discussions, and the referee for detailed and constructive criticism of an earlier version of the manuscript. The data employed here were provided courtesy of NASA/SDO, the AIA and HMI science teams, and BBSO/NJIT. This work was supported by NASA, NSF, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 733 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/20 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 760HE UT WOS:000290314600020 ER PT J AU Agakishiev, H Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Beavis, DR Behera, NK Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Calderon, M Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, C Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, OG Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, W Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Knospe, AG Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mitrovski, MK Mohammed, Y Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pei, H Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Witzke, W Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Agakishiev, H. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Beavis, D. R. Behera, N. K. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon, M. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, C. Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Geurts, F. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. G. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohammed, Y. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pei, H. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. K. Pruthi, N. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Steadman, S. G. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Witzke, W. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ANTIPROTONS; COLLISIONS; ELECTRON AB High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang(1); in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high-energy accelerator of heavy nuclei provides an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus ((4)(He) over bar), also known as the anti-alpha ((alpha) over bar), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B = -4). It has not been observed previously, although the alpha-particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the ten per cent level(2). Antimatter nuclei with B -1 have been observed only as rare products of interactions at particle accelerators, where the rate of antinucleus production in high-energy collisions decreases by a factor of about 1,000 with each additional antinucleon(3-5). Here we report the observation of (4)<(He) over bar, the heaviest observed antinucleus to date. In total, 18 (4)(He) over bar counts were detected at the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC; ref. 6) in 10(9) recorded gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair. The yield is consistent with expectations from thermodynamic(7) and coalescent nucleosynthesis(8) models, providing an indication of the production rate of even heavier antimatter nuclei and a benchmark for possible future observations of (4)(He) over bar in cosmic radiation. C1 [Agakishiev, H.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Kizka, V.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; K. Pruthi, N.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Naglis, M.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Anson, C. D.; Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, C.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Seele, J.; Steadman, S. G.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Behera, N. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. 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G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.; Witzke, W.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Hirsch, A.; Kikola, D. P.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Mustafa, M. K.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jacobs, W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Kollegger, T.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.; Zhou, W.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Qiu, H.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; FU RHIC Operations Group; RACF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP; CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RACF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP, CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST and CSIR of India, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Korea Research Foundation, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 19 PY 2011 VL 473 IS 7347 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1038/nature10079 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 765QA UT WOS:000290722400043 ER PT J AU de Lira, CHR Velikovich, AL Wouchuk, JG AF Huete Ruiz de Lira, C. Velikovich, A. L. Wouchuk, J. G. TI Analytical linear theory for the interaction of a planar shock wave with a two- or three-dimensional random isotropic density field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE INTERACTION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; FOAM; PROPAGATION; IMPRINT; FLOW; FLUCTUATIONS; VORTICITY; TARGETS AB We present an analytical linear model describing the interaction of a planar shock wave with an isotropic random pattern of density nonuniformities. This kind of interaction is important in inertial confinement fusion where shocks travel into weakly inhomogeneous cryogenic deuterium-wicked foams, and also in astrophysics, where shocks interact with interstellar density clumps. The model presented here is based on the exact theory of space and time evolution of the perturbed quantities generated by a corrugated shock wave traveling into a small-amplitude single-mode density field. Corresponding averages in both two and three dimensions are obtained as closed analytical expressions for the turbulent kinetic energy, acoustic energy flux, density amplification, and vorticity generation downstream. They are given as explicit functions of the two parameters (adiabatic exponent gamma and shock strength M(1)) that govern the dynamics of the problem. In addition, these explicit formulas are simplified in the important asymptotic limits of weak and strong shocks and highly compressible fluids. C1 [Huete Ruiz de Lira, C.; Wouchuk, J. G.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Ind, Inst Invest Energet INEI, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Lira, CHR (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Ind, Inst Invest Energet INEI, Campus S-N, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. EM cesar.huete@uclm.es RI Huete, Cesar/A-3184-2012; Wouchuk, J. G./F-1449-2016; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/F-7412-2016 OI Huete, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520 FU Ministry of Science, MEC [ENE2009-09276, AP2007-02745]; Junta de CLM, Spain [PAI08-0182-3162]; US DOE/NNSA FX This work was supported by Ministry of Science, MEC (Grants No. ENE2009-09276 and No. AP2007-02745) and Junta de CLM (Grant No. PAI08-0182-3162), Spain (C. H. R. de L. and J.G.W.) and by the US DOE/NNSA (A. L. V.) NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 AR 056320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.056320 PN 2 PG 31 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 765RS UT WOS:000290726900004 PM 21728660 ER PT J AU Hsia, RY Kellermann, AL Shen, YC AF Hsia, Renee Y. Kellermann, Arthur L. Shen, Yu-Chu TI Factors Associated With Closures of Emergency Departments in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SAFETY-NET HOSPITALS; HEALTH-CARE; INTENSIVE-CARE; FOR-PROFIT; COMPETITION; RELOCATIONS; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES; ACCESS; CRISIS AB Context Between 1998 and 2008, the number of hospital-based emergency departments (EDs) in the United States declined, while the number of ED visits increased, particularly visits by patients who were publicly insured and uninsured. Little is known about the hospital, community, and market factors associated with ED closures. Federal law requiring EDs to treat all in need regardless of a patient's ability to pay may make EDs more vulnerable to the market forces that govern US health care. Objective To determine hospital, community, and market factors associated with ED closures. Design Emergency department and hospital organizational information from 1990 through 2009 was acquired from the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Surveys (annual response rates ranging from 84%-92%) and merged with hospital financial and payer mix information available through 2007 from Medicare hospital cost reports. We evaluated 3 sets of risk factors: hospital characteristics (safety net [as defined by hospitals caring for more than double their Medicaid share of discharges compared with other hospitals within a 15-mile radius], ownership, teaching status, system membership, ED size, case mix), county population demographics (race, poverty, uninsurance, elderly), and market factors (ownership mix, profit margin, location in a competitive market, presence of other EDs). Setting All general, acute, nonrural, short-stay hospitals in the United States with an operating ED anytime from 1990-2009. Main Outcome Measure Closure of an ED during the study period. Results From 1990 to 2009, the number of hospitals with EDs in nonrural areas declined from 2446 to 1779, with 1041 EDs closing and 374 hospitals opening EDs. Based on analysis of 2814 urban acute-care hospitals, constituting 36 335 hospital-year observations over an 18-year study interval (1990-2007), for-profit hospitals and those with low profit margins were more likely to close than their counterparts (cumulative hazard rate based on bivariate model, 26% vs16%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.1, and 36% vs 18%; HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6-2.3, respectively). Hospitals in more competitive markets had a significantly higher risk of closing their EDs (34% vs 17%; HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6), as did safety-net hospitals(10% vs6%; HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7) and those serving a higher share of populations in poverty (37% vs 31%; HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). Conclusion From 1990 to 2009, the number of hospital EDs in nonrural areas declined by 27%, with for-profit ownership, location in a competitive market, safety-net status, and low profit margin associated with increased risk of ED closure. JAMA. 2011; 305(19): 1978-1985 C1 [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Kellermann, Arthur L.] RAND Hlth, Hlth Res Div, Washington, DC USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hsia, RY (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, 1001 Potrero Ave,1E21, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM renee.hsia@ucsf.edu FU NIH/NCRR/OD UCSF-CTSI [KL2 RR024130]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization initiative [63974] FX This publication was supported by NIH/NCRR/OD UCSF-CTSI grant KL2 RR024130 (R.Y.H.), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Physician Faculty Scholars (R.Y.H.), and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization initiative (grant 63974) (Y.S.). NR 53 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 305 IS 19 BP 1978 EP 1985 DI 10.1001/jama.2011.620 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 764WO UT WOS:000290665500021 PM 21586713 ER PT J AU Danner, R Chaudhari, SN Rosenberger, J Surls, J Richie, TL Brumeanu, TD Casares, S AF Danner, Rebecca Chaudhari, Snehal N. Rosenberger, John Surls, Jacqueline Richie, Thomas L. Brumeanu, Teodor-Doru Casares, Sofia TI Expression of HLA Class II Molecules in Humanized NOD.Rag1KO.IL2RgcKO Mice Is Critical for Development and Function of Human T and B Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SCID IL2R-GAMMA(NULL) MICE; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV-INFECTION; HOST-DISEASE; BONE-MARROW AB Background: Humanized mice able to reconstitute a surrogate human immune system (HIS) can be used for studies on human immunology and may provide a predictive preclinical model for human vaccines prior to clinical trials. However, current humanized mouse models show sub-optimal human T cell reconstitution and limited ability to support immunoglobulin class switching by human B cells. This limitation has been attributed to the lack of expression of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) molecules in mouse lymphoid organs. Recently, humanized mice expressing HLA class I molecules have been generated but showed little improvement in human T cell reconstitution and function of T and B cells. Methods: We have generated NOD.Rag1KO.IL2RccKO mice expressing HLA class II (HLA-DR4) molecules under the I-E(d) promoter that were infused as adults with HLA-DR-matched human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Littermates lacking expression of HLA-DR4 molecules were used as control. Results: HSC-infused HLA-DR4.NOD.Rag1KO.IL-2RccKO mice developed a very high reconstitution rate (>90%) with long-lived and functional human T and B cells. Unlike previous humanized mouse models reported in the literature and our control mice, the HLA-DR4 expressing mice reconstituted serum levels (natural antibodies) of human IgM, IgG (all four subclasses), IgA, and IgE comparable to humans, and elicited high titers of specific human IgG antibodies upon tetanus toxoid vaccination. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the critical role of HLA class II molecules for development of functional human T cells able to support immunoglobulin class switching and efficiently respond to vaccination. C1 [Danner, Rebecca; Chaudhari, Snehal N.; Rosenberger, John; Richie, Thomas L.; Casares, Sofia] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Surls, Jacqueline; Brumeanu, Teodor-Doru; Casares, Sofia] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Danner, R (reprint author), USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM sofia.casares@med.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU NIH/NIDDK; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; USUHS; USAID; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; [6000.RAD1.F] FX This work was supported by grants from NIH/NIDDK, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, and USAID to SC and a USUHS grant to TBD. This work was supported by work unit number 6000.RAD1.F. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019826 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 764TX UT WOS:000290657500025 PM 21611197 ER PT J AU Fluegel, B Alberi, K Bhusal, L Mascarenhas, A Snoke, DW Karunasiri, G Pfeiffer, LN West, K AF Fluegel, B. Alberi, K. Bhusal, L. Mascarenhas, A. Snoke, D. W. Karunasiri, G. Pfeiffer, L. N. West, K. TI Exciton pattern generation in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Exciton photoluminescence pattern generation is investigated in multiple quantum wells. High-contrast outer rings and localized bright spots are generated using efficient field-assisted upconversion of laser light whose photon energy lies below the energy of the luminescing quantum well transition. Time-resolved images of the bright spots reveal unexpected dynamics that are not explained by two-dimensional rate equations for generation and diffusion. This behavior can be understood as a result of three-dimensional transport in the vertically extended samples. C1 [Fluegel, B.; Alberi, K.; Bhusal, L.; Mascarenhas, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Snoke, D. W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Karunasiri, G.] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K.] Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX Research at NREL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 16 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 19 AR 195320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195320 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765MQ UT WOS:000290711800007 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Frenzen, CL Macaria, N Sasao, T AF Butler, Jon T. Frenzen, C. L. Macaria, Njuguna Sasao, Tsutomu TI A fast segmentation algorithm for piecewise polynomial numeric function generators SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Numerical approximation; Piecewise polynomial approximation; Numeric function generators; Segmentation algorithm; Piecewise linear approximation ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS AB We give an efficient algorithm for partitioning the domain of a numeric function f into segments. The function f is realized as a polynomial in each segment, and a lookup table stores the coefficients of the polynomial. Such an algorithm is an essential part of the design of lookup table methods Ercepovac et al. (2000)[5], Lee et al. (2003)[7], Nagayama et al. (2007) [12], Paul et al. (2007) [6] and Sasao et al. (2004)[8] for realizing numeric functions, such as sin(pi x), In(x), and root-In(x). Our algorithm requires many fewer steps than a previous algorithm given in Frenzen et al. (2010)[10] and makes tractable the design of numeric function generators based on table lookup for high-accuracy applications. We show that an estimate of segment width based on local derivatives greatly reduces the search needed to determine the exact segment width. We apply the new algorithm to a suite of 15 numeric functions and show that the estimates are sufficiently accurate to produce a minimum or near-minimum number of computational steps. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Butler, Jon T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC Bu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Frenzen, C. L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC Bu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jon_butler@msn.com; cfrenzen@nps.edu; nmacaria@hotmail.com; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp FU NSA; JSPS; MEXT; Kitakyushu Innovative Cluster Project FX This research is supported in part by an NSA Contract, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS, and MEXT, and a grant of the Kitakyushu Innovative Cluster Project. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 235 IS 14 BP 4076 EP 4082 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2011.02.033 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 779HD UT WOS:000291767800009 ER PT J AU Yaremchuk, M Sentchev, A AF Yaremchuk, Max Sentchev, Alexei TI A combined EOF/variational approach for mapping radar-derived sea surface currents SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE High frequency radars; Surface currents; Variational interpolation ID DATA SETS; ASSIMILATION AB A technique for reconstruction of the 2d surface velocity field from radar observations is proposed. The method consecutively employs two processing techniques: At the first stage raw radial velocity data are subject to EOF analysis, which enables to fill gaps in observations and provides estimates of the noise level and integral parameters characterizing small-scale variability of the sea surface circulation. These parameters are utilized at the second stage, when the cost function for variational interpolation is constructed, and the updated radial velocities are interpolated on the regular grid. Experiments with simulated and real data are used to assess the method's skill and compare it with the conventional 2d variational (2dVar) approach. It is shown that the proposed technique consistently improves performance of the 2dVar algorithm and becomes particularly effective when a radar stops operating for 1-2 days and/or a persistent gap emerges in spatial coverage of a basin by the HFR network. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yaremchuk, Max] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sentchev, Alexei] ULCO, Lab Oceanog & Geosci, CNRS, UMR 8187, F-62930 Wimereux, France. RP Yaremchuk, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; French Ministry of Education and Research FX This study was partly funded by the Office of Naval Research (Program element 0602435N) and completed during MY visit to the Universite du Littoral with support from the French Ministry of Education and Research. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7-8 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.009 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 761SX UT WOS:000290422400002 ER PT J AU Chang, J Koo, HC Eom, J Han, SH Johnson, M AF Chang, Joonyeon Koo, Hyun Cheol Eom, Jonghwa Han, Suk Hee Johnson, Mark TI Injection, detection and gate voltage control of spins in the spin field effect transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-30) CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA ID ELECTRICAL DETECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT; RESONANCE; SPINTRONICS; PRECESSION; INTERFACE; CHARGE; METAL AB We demonstrate electrical spin injection and gate voltage control of spin precession in an InAs quantum well channel that has Permalloy injector and detector, and is covered by a gate oxide and a Au gate electrode. The electrical injection and detection of ballistic spin-polarized electrons are characterized using conventional lateral spin valve techniques. An external magnetic field is used to overcome the shape anisotropy of the magnetizations of injector and detector. We can then inject spins that have both spin orientation and velocity along the axis of the channel, and we observe an oscillatory channel conductance as a function of monotonically increasing gate voltage. This conductance oscillation is the hallmark of a spin field effect transistor. After presenting the basic results, we discuss issues associated with (1) the Hanle effect in a two-dimensional electron gas with high spin-orbit interaction and (2) the observation of a conductance oscillation in a multimode (two-dimensional) channel. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3576140] C1 [Chang, Joonyeon; Koo, Hyun Cheol; Han, Suk Hee] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nano Convergence Device Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Eom, Jonghwa] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, J (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nano Convergence Device Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM presto@kist.re.kr OI Koo, Hyun Cheol/0000-0001-5044-1355 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 10 AR 102405 DI 10.1063/1.3576140 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 783WU UT WOS:000292115900006 ER PT J AU An, W Gatewood, D Dunlap, B Turner, CH AF An, Wei Gatewood, Daniel Dunlap, Brett Turner, C. Heath TI Catalytic activity of bimetallic nickel alloys for solid-oxide fuel cell anode reactions from density-functional theory SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SOFC; DFT; Adsorption; Anode; Nickel; Alloy ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; DIRECT OXIDATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; METHANE; FILM; REDUCTION; METALS AB We present density-functional theory calculations of the chemisorption of atomic species O, S, C, H and reaction intermediates OH, SH, and CHn (n = 1, 2, and 3) on M/Ni alloy model catalysts (M = Bi, Mo, Fe, Co, and Cu). The activity of the Ni alloy catalysts for solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode oxidation reactions is predicted, based on a simple descriptor, i.e., the binding energy of oxygen. First, we find that the binding of undesirable intermediates, such as C and S. can be inhibited and the catalytic activity of planar Ni-based anodes can be tuned towards oxidation by selectively forming a bimetallic surface alloy. In particular, Cu/Ni, Fe/Ni, and Co/Ni anode catalysts are found to be most active towards anode oxidation. On the other hand, the Mo/Ni alloy surface is predicted to be the most effective catalyst in terms of inhibiting the deposition of C and S (while still preserving relatively high catalytic activity). The formation of a surface alloy, which has the alloy element enriched on the topmost surface, was found to be critical to the activity of the Ni alloy catalysts. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [An, Wei; Turner, C. Heath] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Gatewood, Daniel; Dunlap, Brett] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turner, CH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hturner@eng.ua.edu RI An, Wei/E-9270-2010; OI An, Wei/0000-0002-0760-1357; Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX The Office of Naval Research directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory supported this research. Supercomputer resources were provided by the Alabama Supercomputer Center and the NCSA TeraGrid. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 10 SI SI BP 4724 EP 4728 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 745AR UT WOS:000289136800039 ER PT J AU Mi, Q Constantine, G Ziraldo, C Solovyev, A Torres, A Namas, R Bentley, T Billiar, TR Zamora, R Puyana, JC Vodovotz, Y AF Mi, Qi Constantine, Gregory Ziraldo, Cordelia Solovyev, Alexey Torres, Andres Namas, Rajaie Bentley, Timothy Billiar, Timothy R. Zamora, Ruben Puyana, Juan Carlos Vodovotz, Yoram TI A Dynamic View of Trauma/Hemorrhage-Induced Inflammation in Mice: Principal Drivers and Networks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID KERATINOCYTE-DERIVED CHEMOKINE; NECROSIS-FACTOR RECEPTORS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PLASMA CYTOKINE LEVELS; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; SEVERE TRAUMA; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IN-SILICO; INJURY AB Background: Complex biological processes such as acute inflammation induced by trauma/hemorrhagic shock/(T/HS) are dynamic and multi-dimensional. We utilized multiplexing cytokine analysis coupled with data-driven modeling to gain a systems perspective into T/HS. Methodology/Principal Findings: Mice were subjected to surgical cannulation trauma (ST) +/- hemorrhagic shock (HS; 25 mmHg), and followed for 1, 2, 3, or 4 h in each case. Serum was assayed for 20 cytokines and NO2-/NO3-. These data were analyzed using four data-driven methods (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis [HCA], multivariate analysis [MA], Principal Component Analysis [PCA], and Dynamic Network Analysis [DyNA]). Using HCA, animals subjected to ST vs. ST + HS could be partially segregated based on inflammatory mediator profiles, despite a large overlap. Based on MA, interleukin [IL]-12p40/p70 (IL-12.total), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (CXCL-9) [MIG], and IP-10 were the best discriminators between ST and ST/HS. PCA suggested that the inflammatory mediators found in the three main principal components in animals subjected to ST were IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, while the three principal components in ST + HS included a large number of cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, keratinocyte-derived cytokine (CXCL-1) [KC], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]. DyNA suggested that the circulating mediators produced in response to ST were characterized by a high degree of interconnection/complexity at all time points; the response to ST + HS consisted of different central nodes, and exhibited zero network density over the first 2 h with lesser connectivity vs. ST at all time points. DyNA also helped link the conclusions from MA and PCA, in that central nodes consisting of IP-10 and IL-12 were seen in ST, while MIG and IL-6 were central nodes in ST + HS. Conclusions/Significance: These studies help elucidate the dynamics of T/HS-induced inflammation, complementing other forms of dynamic mechanistic modeling. These methods should be applicable to the analysis of other complex biological processes. C1 [Mi, Qi] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Sports Med & Nutr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Constantine, Gregory; Solovyev, Alexey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ziraldo, Cordelia; Torres, Andres; Namas, Rajaie; Billiar, Timothy R.; Zamora, Ruben; Puyana, Juan Carlos; Vodovotz, Yoram] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Bentley, Timothy] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Mi, Qi; Constantine, Gregory; Puyana, Juan Carlos; Vodovotz, Yoram] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Inflammat & Regenerat Modeling, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Mi, Q (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Sports Med & Nutr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM vodovotzy@upmc.edu OI Namas, Rajaie/0000-0003-0353-895X FU National Institutes of Health [P50-GM-53789, R33-HL-089082, RO1-HL-076157]; IBM FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants P50-GM-53789, R33-HL-089082, and RO1-HL-076157 and IBM Shared University Research Award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19424 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019424 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 761YU UT WOS:000290440200007 PM 21573002 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S O'Sullivan, E Vrtilek, J David, LP Raychaudhury, S Venturi, T Athreya, RM Clarke, TE Murgia, M Mazzotta, P Gitti, M Ponman, T Ishwara-Chandra, CH Jones, C Forman, WR AF Giacintucci, Simona O'Sullivan, Ewan Vrtilek, Jan David, Laurence P. Raychaudhury, Somak Venturi, Tiziana Athreya, Ramana M. Clarke, Tracy E. Murgia, Matteo Mazzotta, Pasquale Gitti, Myriam Ponman, Trevor Ishwara-Chandra, C. H. Jones, Christine Forman, William R. TI A COMBINED LOW-RADIO FREQUENCY/X-RAY STUDY OF GALAXY GROUPS. I. GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS AT 235 MHz AND 610 MHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; intergalactic medium; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GROUP EVOLUTION MULTIWAVELENGTH; MULTIFREQUENCY VLA OBSERVATIONS; NEWTON GROUP SURVEY; X-RAY; XMM-NEWTON; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; HOT GAS; COLD FRONTS AB We present new Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 235 MHz and 610 MHz of 18 X-ray bright galaxy groups. These observations are part of an extended project, presented here and in future papers, which combines low-frequency radio and X-ray data to investigate the interaction between central active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the intra-group medium (IGM). The radio images show a very diverse population of group-central radio sources, varying widely in size, power, morphology, and spectral index. Comparison of the radio images with Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray images shows that groups with significant substructure in the X-ray band and marginal radio emission at greater than or similar to 1 GHz host low-frequency radio structures that correlate with substructures in IGM. Radio-filled X-ray cavities, the most evident form of AGN/IGM interaction in our sample, are found in half of the systems and are typically associated with small, low-, or mid-power double radio sources. Two systems, NGC5044 and NGC4636, possess multiple cavities, which are isotropically distributed around the group center, possibly due to group weather. In other systems the radio/X-ray correlations are less evident. However, the AGN/IGM interaction can manifest itself through the effects of the high-pressure medium on the morphology, spectral properties, and evolution of the radio-emitting plasma. In particular, the IGM can confine fading radio lobes in old/dying radio galaxies and prevent them from dissipating quickly. Evidence for radio emission produced by former outbursts that co-exist with current activity is found in six groups of the sample. C1 [Giacintucci, Simona] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giacintucci, Simona; O'Sullivan, Ewan; Vrtilek, Jan; David, Laurence P.; Mazzotta, Pasquale; Gitti, Myriam; Jones, Christine; Forman, William R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giacintucci, Simona; Venturi, Tiziana] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [O'Sullivan, Ewan; Raychaudhury, Somak; Ponman, Trevor] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Athreya, Ramana M.] IISER, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Murgia, Matteo] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gitti, Myriam] Osservatorio Astron Bologna INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM simona@astro.umd.edu RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA, Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) [PF0-110071]; European Community under the Marie Curie Research Training Network; Smithsonian Institution; CXC; Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO8-9127XR, AR0-11017X, GO0-11003X]; [NNX07AE95GR]; [ASI-INAF I/088/06/0] FX We thank the staff of the GMRT for their help during the observations. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. S.G. acknowledges the support of NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship PF0-110071 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC), which is operated by SAO. E.O.S. acknowledges the support of the European Community under the Marie Curie Research Training Network. J.M.V., L.P.D., C.J., and W.R.F. acknowledge the support of the Smithsonian Institution and CXC. This work was supported by grants GO8-9127XR, AR0-11017X, and GO0-11003X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, XMM-Newton grant NNX07AE95GR, and grant ASI-INAF I/088/06/0. Basic research in astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra and XMM-Newton Data Archives, and software provided by CXC in the application packages CIAO, ChIPS, and Sherpa. NR 137 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 732 IS 2 AR 95 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/732/2/95 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 755ML UT WOS:000289935900035 ER PT J AU Savani, NP Owens, MJ Rouillard, AP Forsyth, RJ Kusano, K Shiota, D Kataoka, R Jian, L Bothmer, V AF Savani, N. P. Owens, M. J. Rouillard, A. P. Forsyth, R. J. Kusano, K. Shiota, D. Kataoka, R. Jian, L. Bothmer, V. TI EVOLUTION OF CORONAL MASS EJECTION MORPHOLOGY WITH INCREASING HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE. II. IN SITU OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Earth; shock waves; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; 1 AU; FLUX ROPE; FIELD; ULYSSES; ERRORS; MODEL; HELIOSPHERE; PARAMETERS AB Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are often observed to travel much faster than the ambient solar wind. If the relative speed between the two exceeds the fast magnetosonic velocity, then a shock wave will form. The Mach number and the shock standoff distance ahead of the ICME leading edge is measured to infer the vertical size of an ICME in a direction that is perpendicular to the solar wind flow. We analyze the shock standoff distance for 45 events varying between 0.5AU and 5.5AU in order to infer their physical dimensions. We find that the average ratio of the inferred vertical size to measured radial width, referred to as the aspect ratio, of an ICME is 2.8 +/- 0.5. We also compare these results to the geometrical predictions from Paper I that forecast an aspect ratio between 3 and 6. The geometrical solution varies with heliocentric distance and appears to provide a theoretical maximum for the aspect ratio of ICMEs. The minimum aspect ratio appears to remain constant at 1 (i.e., a circular cross section) for all distances. These results suggest that possible distortions to the leading edge of ICMEs are frequent. But, these results may also indicate that the constants calculated in the empirical relationship correlating the different shock front need to be modified; or perhaps both distortions and a change in the empirical formulae are required. C1 [Savani, N. P.; Kusano, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Owens, M. J.] Univ Reading, Space Environm Phys Grp, Reading, Berks, England. [Owens, M. J.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Rouillard, A. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kusano, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Shiota, D.] RIKEN, Adv Sci Inst, Computat Astrophys Lab, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Kataoka, R.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Jian, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Bothmer, V.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Gottingen, Germany. RP Savani, NP (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM neel.savani02@imperial.ac.uk RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); UK STFC FX N.P.S. thanks E. M. Henley, J. Mitchell, T. S. Horbury, and S. J. Schwartz of Imperial College London. We are grateful for the magnetic field data from PVO (PI: C. T. Russell), Helios (PI: F. B. Neubauer), Ulysses (PI: A. Balogh), and ACE (PI: N. Ness), and the solar wind plasma data from PVO(PI: A. Barnes), Helios (PI: H. Rosenbauer), Ulysses (PI: D. J. McComas), and ACE (PI: G. Gloeckler). N. P. S also thanks the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the support and award of a fellowship. This work was also partly supported by UK STFC through the award of a PhD studentship at Imperial College London. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 732 IS 2 AR 117 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/732/2/117 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 755ML UT WOS:000289935900057 ER PT J AU Finkel, P Benjamin, K Amin, A AF Finkel, Peter Benjamin, Kim Amin, Ahmed TI Large strain transduction utilizing phase transition in relaxor-ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE AB In this work, we present experimental evidence that under relatively low level drive (<0.1 MV/m) the large strain (similar to 0.5%) associated with ferroelectric rhombohedral F-R-ferroelectric orthorhombic F-O phase transition in domain engineered relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals under compressive stress and bias electric field can be captured. We have demonstrated this in mechanically confined ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 single crystals poised at the rhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary. Experimental strain-field results, methods of mechanical confinement and drive, and a low frequency, compact, high source level sound projector design are presented. Transducers that operate on a large strain principle as a design rule will benefit from this development. [doi: 10.1063/1.3585088] C1 [Finkel, Peter; Benjamin, Kim; Amin, Ahmed] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr NUWC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr NUWC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM peter.finkel@navy.mil FU ONR FX The authors would like to thank ONR for full support of this work. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 19 AR 192902 DI 10.1063/1.3585088 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763VC UT WOS:000290586800052 ER PT J AU Rinderspacher, BC Andzelm, JW Rawlett, AM Dougherty, JM Baranoski, M Davis, MC AF Rinderspacher, B. Christopher Andzelm, Jan W. Rawlett, Adam M. Dougherty, Joseph M. Baranoski, MyVan Davis, Matthew C. TI The role of aromatic pi-bridges in push-pull-chromophores on the transparency-hyperpolarizability tradeoff SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; ELECTROOPTIC ACTIVITY; ENERGIES; EXCHANGE; ACCEPTOR; DESIGN; POLARIZABILITIES; APPROXIMATION AB We present electronic structure calculations of the ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) spectra as well as hyperpolarizabilities (HP) of push-pull chromophores based on a donor-aromatic bridge-acceptor framework. As expected, both the color of the chromophores and the static hyperpolarizability are sensitive functions of modifications of the conjugated framework. Effects can be rationalized by determining zwitter-ionic mesomers of the bridge that can be stabilized by the donor or acceptor. The choice of bridge coupled with the substitution pattern on the ring allows targeting specific spectral features (absorption or transparency windows). Exceptionally large hyperpolarizabilities were found for the cyclopentadieno[1,2]-benz[4,5-b]cycloheptatriene bridge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rinderspacher, B. Christopher] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Rinderspacher, BC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM berend.rinderspacher@arl.army.mil NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2011 VL 507 IS 4-6 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.038 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756NF UT WOS:000290018500003 ER PT J AU de Leeuw, G Andreas, EL Anguelova, MD Fairall, CW Lewis, ER O'Dowd, C Schulz, M Schwartz, SE AF de Leeuw, Gerrit Andreas, Edgar L. Anguelova, Magdalena D. Fairall, C. W. Lewis, Ernie R. O'Dowd, Colin Schulz, Michael Schwartz, Stephen E. TI PRODUCTION FLUX OF SEA SPRAY AEROSOL SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; SIZE-SEGREGATED SIMULATION; SURFACE MICROWAVE EMISSION; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; WAVE-FIELD CONDITIONS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; NORTH POLAR WATERS; WHITECAP COVERAGE; BREAKING WAVES AB Knowledge of the size- and composition-dependent production flux of primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and its dependence on environmental variables is required for modeling cloud microphysical properties and aerosol radiative influences, interpreting measurements of particulate matter in coastal areas and its relation to air quality, and evaluating rates of uptake and reactions of gases in sea spray drops. This review examines recent research pertinent to SSA production flux, which deals mainly with production of particles with r(80) (equilibrium radius at 80% relative humidity) less than 1 mu m and as small as 0.01 mu m. Production of sea spray particles and its dependence on controlling factors has been investigated in laboratory studies that have examined the dependences on water temperature, salinity, and the presence of organics and in field measurements with micrometeorological techniques that use newly developed fast optical particle sizers. Extensive measurements show that water-insoluble organic matter contributes substantially to the composition of SSA particles with r(80) < 0.25 mu m and, in locations with high biological activity, can be the dominant constituent. Order-of-magnitude variation remains in estimates of the size-dependent production flux per white area, the quantity central to formulations of the production flux based on the whitecap method. This variation indicates that the production flux may depend on quantities such as the volume flux of air bubbles to the surface that are not accounted for in current models. Variation in estimates of the whitecap fraction as a function of wind speed contributes additional, comparable uncertainty to production flux estimates. C1 [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Anguelova, Magdalena D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lewis, Ernie R.; Schwartz, Stephen E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [O'Dowd, Colin] Natl Univ Ireland, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dowd, Colin] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Schulz, Michael] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP de Leeuw, G (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM gerrit.leeuw@fmi.fi RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158 FU EU (European Union) [GOCE-018332, SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; EUCAARI [036833-2]; MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate); Irish EPA and HEA PRTLI4 program; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000140810411, 61153N]; U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Office of Climate Observations; NOAA FX The work of G. de Leeuw and C. O'Dowd was supported by the EU (European Union) FP6 projects MAP (Marine Aerosol Production, project GOCE-018332), EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions) project 036833-2, and MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate: FP7 Collaborative Project). Work by C. O'Dowd was further supported by the Irish EPA and HEA PRTLI4 program and the EU FP6 project GEMS (Global and Regional Earth-System (Atmosphere) Monitoring Using Satellite and In Situ Data, contract SIP4-CT-2004-516099). The U.S. Office of Naval Research supported E. Andreas's work on this project with award N000140810411. Work by E. R. Lewis and S. E. Schwartz was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program (Office of Science, OBER, contract DE-AC02-98CH10886). Work by M. D. Anguelova was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, NRL program element 61153N. Work by C. W. Fairall was supported by NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Office of Climate Observations and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 132 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 13 U2 109 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAY 7 PY 2011 VL 49 AR RG2001 DI 10.1029/2010RG000349 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 761XS UT WOS:000290436600001 ER PT J AU Tejero, EM Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G Cothran, CD Crabtree, C Thomas, E AF Tejero, E. M. Amatucci, W. E. Ganguli, G. Cothran, C. D. Crabtree, C. Thomas, E., Jr. TI Spontaneous Electromagnetic Emission from a Strongly Localized Plasma Flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; VELOCITY-SHEAR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRIC-FIELD; AURORAL ARC; ELECTROSTATIC SHOCKS; IONOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; REGION AB Laboratory observations of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves generated by a localized transverse dc electric field are reported. Experiments indicate that these waves result from a strong E x B flow inhomogeneity in a mildly collisional plasma with subcritical magnetic field-aligned current. The wave amplitude scales with the magnitude of the applied radial dc electric field. The electromagnetic signatures become stronger with increasing plasma beta, and the radial extent of the power is larger than that of the electrostatic counterpart. Near-Earth space weather implications of the results are discussed. C1 [Tejero, E. M.; Cothran, C. D.] Global Strategies Grp, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Amatucci, W. E.; Ganguli, G.; Crabtree, C.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tejero, E. M.; Thomas, E., Jr.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Tejero, EM (reprint author), Global Strategies Grp, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, NASA; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, NASA, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 18 AR 185001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.185001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 760DT UT WOS:000290304800012 PM 21635095 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Gustin, J Ajello, JM Evans, JS Meier, RR Kochenash, AJ Stephan, AW Stewart, AIF Esposito, LW McClintock, WE Holsclaw, G Bradley, ET Lewis, BR Heays, AN AF Stevens, Michael H. Gustin, Jacques Ajello, Joseph M. Evans, J. Scott Meier, R. R. Kochenash, Andrew J. Stephan, Andrew W. Stewart, A. Ian F. Esposito, Larry W. McClintock, William E. Holsclaw, Greg Bradley, E. Todd Lewis, B. R. Heays, A. N. TI The production of Titan's ultraviolet nitrogen airglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; CROSS-SECTIONS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; VOYAGER-1 ENCOUNTER; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; EUV EMISSION; N-2; DAYGLOW; BAND; DISSOCIATION AB The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed Titan's dayside limb in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) on 22 June 2009 from a mean distance of 23 Titan radii. These high-quality observations reveal the same EUV and FUV emissions arising from photoelectron excitation and photofragmentation of molecular nitrogen (N(2)) as found on Earth. We investigate both of these solar driven processes with a terrestrial airglow model adapted to Titan and find that total predicted radiances for the two brightest N(2) band systems agree with the observed peak radiances to within 5%. Using N(2) densities constrained from in situ observations by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer on Cassini, the altitude of the observed limb peak of the EUV and FUV emission bands is between 840 and 1060 km and generally consistent with model predictions. We find no evidence for carbon emissions in Titan's FUV airglow in contrast to previous Titan airglow studies using UVIS data. In their place, we identify several vibrational bands from the N(2) Vegard-Kaplan system arising from photoelectron impact with predicted peak radiances in agreement with observations. These Titan UV airglow observations are therefore comprised of emissions arising only from solar processes on N(2) with no detectable magnetospheric contribution. Weaker EUV Carroll-Yoshino N(2) bands within the v' = 3, 4, and 6 progressions between 870 and 1020 angstrom are underpredicted by about a factor of five while the (0,1) band near 980 angstrom is overpredicted by about a factor of three. C1 [Stevens, Michael H.; Stephan, Andrew W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gustin, Jacques] Univ Liege, Lab Phys Atmospher & Planetaire, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Ajello, Joseph M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stewart, A. Ian F.; Esposito, Larry W.; McClintock, William E.; Holsclaw, Greg] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bradley, E. Todd] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Evans, J. Scott; Kochenash, Andrew J.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Lewis, B. R.; Heays, A. N.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.stevens@nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Heays, Alan/0000-0002-7716-9192 FU NASA; Cassini Project; ESA; Australian Research Council [DP0558962, DP0773050]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the NASA Cassini Data analysis Program, the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program, and the Cassini Project. JG is supported by the PRODEX program of ESA. The N2 cross section calculations were supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Program grants DP0558962 and DP0773050. AWS is supported by the Office of Naval Research. We thank Roger Yelle for providing some of the CH4 densities used in this work. We also thank Robert West and Joseph Spitale for useful discussions on pointing uncertainties. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A05304 DI 10.1029/2010JA016284 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761RG UT WOS:000290415100001 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Ferguson, KL Lewellen, JW Niles, SP Rusnak, B Swent, RL Colson, WB Smith, TI Boulware, CH Grimm, TL Cunningham, PR Curtin, MS Miccolis, DC Sox, DJ Graves, WS AF Harris, J. R. Ferguson, K. L. Lewellen, J. W. Niles, S. P. Rusnak, B. Swent, R. L. Colson, W. B. Smith, T. I. Boulware, C. H. Grimm, T. L. Cunningham, P. R. Curtin, M. S. Miccolis, D. C. Sox, D. J. Graves, W. S. TI Design and operation of a superconducting quarter-wave electron gun SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID CAVITIES; LINAC AB Superconducting radio-frequency electron guns are viewed by many as the preferred technology for generating the high-quality, high-current beams needed for future high power free-electron lasers and energy recovery linacs. All previous guns of this type have employed elliptical cavities, but there are potential advantages associated with other geometries. Here we describe the design, commissioning, and initial results from a superconducting radio-frequency electron gun employing a quarter-wave resonator configuration, the first such device to be built and tested. In initial operation, the gun has generated beams with bunch charge in excess of 78 pC, energy of 469 keV, and normalized rms emittances of about 4.9 mu m. Currently, bunch charge is limited by the available drive laser energy, and beam energy is limited by x-ray production and the available rf power. No fundamental limits on beam charge or energy have been encountered, and no high-field quenching events have been observed. C1 [Harris, J. R.; Ferguson, K. L.; Lewellen, J. W.; Niles, S. P.; Rusnak, B.; Swent, R. L.; Colson, W. B.] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smith, T. I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boulware, C. H.; Grimm, T. L.] Niowave Inc, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Cunningham, P. R.; Curtin, M. S.; Miccolis, D. C.; Sox, D. J.] Boeing Co, Canoga Pk, CA 91304 USA. [Graves, W. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jrharris@nps.edu OI Boulware, Chase/0000-0002-8648-336X FU Office of Naval Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Boeing FX Funding for this project was provided by grants from the Office of Naval Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. The photocathode drive laser was independently procured by Boeing using internal research and development funding. The authors would like to thank Robert Legg for insightful discussions and suggestions. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 AR 053501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.053501 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 759OC UT WOS:000290256500002 ER PT J AU Niciejewski, R Skinner, W Cooper, M Marshall, A Meier, RR Stevens, MH Ortland, D Wu, Q AF Niciejewski, R. Skinner, W. Cooper, M. Marshall, A. Meier, R. R. Stevens, M. H. Ortland, D. Wu, Q. TI Verification of large-scale rapid transport in the lower thermosphere: Tracking the exhaust plume of STS-107 from launch to the Antarctic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; SPACE-SHUTTLE EXHAUST; WAVE-NUMBER SPECTRA; 2-DAY WAVE; WIND MEASUREMENTS; QUASI-2-DAY WAVE; TIME-SERIES; MESOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE AB New analysis of the Doppler shift of O(2) airglow spectra recorded by the TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) and the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) have provided conclusive evidence that the shuttle main engine exhaust plume generated in the lower thermosphere by the launch of STS-107 and imaged by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) instrument on TIMED was transported to the Antarctic in similar to 80 h, supporting a key inference from the initial study by Stevens et al. (2005). These new results were aided by improved knowledge of the effects of instrumental and satellite artifacts imposed on the Doppler spectra. STS-107 launched on 16 January 2003, and the neutral wind near its launch trajectory and nearby volume was sampled within minutes by TIDI. These initial observations suggested that the northernmost end of the shuttle's exhaust plume would move northeast and that the southern end would move southeast, motions that were identified in imagery acquired during the next orbit of TIMED. The direction and magnitude of plume motion inferred from GUVI images obtained 12, 26, and 50 h after launch were again confirmed by TIDI and HRDI. The appearance of the plume over the Antarctic similar to 80 h after launch, inferred from earlier work by the appearance of iron ablated from the shuttle's main engines, was consistent with neutral winds measured by the satellite Doppler instruments over the Antarctic. The transport of the plume from the coast of Florida to the Antarctic was aided by the favorable phase and strong amplitude of a 2 day planetary wave of wave number three in the southern hemisphere on 18 January 2003. The existence of the 2 day wave was deduced from zonally averaged and combined TIDI and HRDI neutral wind observations. We conclude that the existence of strong and sustained winds in the MLT, significantly greater than expected from empirical and theoretical models, is indisputable and provides compelling evidence supporting the global-scale nature of thermospheric winds with magnitude greater than 100 m/s observed by Larsen (2002) from 40 years of sounding rocket chemical release experiments. C1 [Niciejewski, R.; Skinner, W.; Cooper, M.; Marshall, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stevens, M. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ortland, D.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. [Wu, Q.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Niciejewski, R (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM niciejew@umich.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 FU NASA [NNX07AB72G, NNH09ZDA001N]; ASEE; ONR FX The authors wish to thank the SABER and GUVI Science and Data Processing teams for their careful processing, analysis, and validation of their data. This research was supported by NASA contracts NNX07AB72G and NNH09ZDA001N. One of us (R.N.) gratefully acknowledges support from ASEE and the 2005 ONR Summer Faculty Research Program for providing the initial funding for this study. R. R. M. and M. H. S. thank the NASA Guest Investigator Program for support. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A05302 DI 10.1029/2010JA016277 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761RE UT WOS:000290414900003 ER PT J AU Parker, D Mazin, II AF Parker, David Mazin, I. I. TI Non-nesting spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in FeAs from first principles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The antiferromagnetic (AFM) state of FeAs is very different from that of the FeAs-based superconductor parent compounds, and it is rather complicated, with the Fe spins forming an incommensurate magnetic spiral pattern with a wavelength of about 15 A. To model this, we perform first-principles calculations and find the nearest-neighbor AFM ordering to be energetically favorable, with the lowest-energy pattern reproducing the experimentally found nearest-neighbor correlations. Other AFM orderings are also very stable, although higher in energy. Unlike in the superconductor parent compounds, the Fermi-surface geometry thus plays a small role. We calculate the bare Lindhard susceptibility in the AFM state and find that the observed spin-density-wave ordering vector Q similar or equal to (0,0,0.4) is not that given by this calculation. This is again unlike the superconductor parent compounds, which generally show a magnetic pattern matching the Lindhard susceptibility maximum. Thus in FeAs, the observed pattern must be due to a subtler mechanism. C1 [Parker, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parker, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (I.I.M.) and by (D.P.) the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 2 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 18 AR 180403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.180403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 757WR UT WOS:000290119700003 ER PT J AU Torres, KL Daniil, M Willard, MA Thompson, GB AF Torres, K. L. Daniil, M. Willard, M. A. Thompson, G. B. TI The influence of voxel size on atom probe tomography data SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE Voxel; Atom probe tomography; Magnetic ribbons; Segregation AB A methodology for determining the optimal voxel size for phase thresholding in nanostructured materials was developed using an atom simulator and a model system of a fixed two-phase composition and volume fraction. The voxel size range was banded by the atom count within each voxel. Some voxel edge lengths were found to be too large, resulting in an averaging of compositional fluctuations; others were too small with concomitant decreases in the signal-to-noise ratio for phase identification. The simulated methodology was then applied to the more complex experimentally determined data set collected from a (Co0.95Fe0.05)(88)Zt(6)Hf(1)B(4)Cu(1) two-phase nanocomposite alloy to validate the approach. In this alloy, Zr and Hf segregated to an intergranular amorphous phase while Fe preferentially segregated to a crystalline phase during the isothermal annealing step that promoted primary crystallization. The atom probe data analysis of the volume fraction was compared to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dark-field imaging analysis and a lever rule analysis of the volume fraction within the amorphous and crystalline phases of the ribbon. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, K. L.; Thompson, G. B.] Univ Alabama, Coll Engn, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Daniil, M.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, GB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Coll Engn, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gthompson@eng.ua.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 FU National Science Foundation [DMR05-29369]; Office of Naval Research FX K.L.T. and G.B.T. recognize the support of the National Science Foundation, DMR05-29369, for this research. M.A.W. and M.D. gratefully acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAY PY 2011 VL 111 IS 6 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.01.001 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 894XN UT WOS:000300460900017 PM 21664541 ER PT J AU Springborg, R AF Springborg, Robert TI The Poor Little Rich Country Without an economic reboot Egypt is not on the legs SO INTERNATIONALE POLITIK LA German DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Post Grad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Springborg, R (reprint author), Naval Post Grad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIELEFELDER VERLAGSANSTALT GMBH PI BIELEFELD PA POSTFACH 10 06 53, BIELEFELD, 33506, GERMANY SN 1430-175X J9 INT POLITIK JI Int. Polit. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 864WQ UT WOS:000298271600014 ER PT J AU Nepal, N Garces, NY Meyer, DJ Hite, JK Mastro, MA Eddy, CR AF Nepal, Neeraj Garces, Nelson Y. Meyer, David J. Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Assessment of GaN Surface Pretreatment for Atomic Layer Deposited High-k Dielectrics SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AL2O3 AB We report the effects of GaN surface pretreatments on the material and electrical properties of Al(2)O(3) dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A layer of Al(2)O(3) was deposited at different temperatures on metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown n-GaN that was treated with either H(2)O(2):H(2)SO(4) (1 : 5, piranha), HCl:H(2)O (1 : 1, HCl), or HF:H(2)O (1 : 1, HF) prior to Al(2)O(3) deposition. The Al(2)O(3) layers on piranha-and HF-treated GaN were observed to be uniformly smooth. The piranha pretreatment resulted in the lowest hysteresis. Pretreatment of the GaN surface with piranha removes carbon and hydroxylates the surface, resulting in better quality ALD Al(2)O(3). (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Nepal, Neeraj; Meyer, David J.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, Nelson Y.] Global Strategies Grp, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Nepal, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM neeraj.nepal.ctr.np@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU The American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank M. L. Rebbert for sawing the GaN wafers. N. Nepal would like to acknowledge the support of The American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship program. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 25 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD MAY PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 AR 055802 DI 10.1143/APEX.4.055802 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 802WP UT WOS:000293542000031 ER PT J AU Wetmore, SJ Eibling, DE Goebel, JA Gottshall, KR Hoffer, ME Magnusson, M Raz, Y AF Wetmore, Stephen J. Eibling, David E. Goebel, Joel A. Gottshall, Kim R. Hoffer, Michael E. Magnusson, Mans Raz, Yael TI Challenges and Opportunities in Managing the Dizzy Older Adult SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting and OTO EXPO CY SEP 25-29, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP AAO, HNSF DE balance; equilibrium; BPPV; PREHAB; vestibular rehabilitation; vestibular exercises; polypharmacy; falls prevention; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; geriatrics ID PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO; UNILATERAL VESTIBULAR DYSFUNCTION; VIBRATION SENSATION; POSTURAL CONTROL; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; HIP FRACTURE; FALLS; REHABILITATION; PREVENTION; BALANCE AB Balance disorders are common in elderly people, not only resulting in distressing sensations but also leading to reduced activity levels and quality of life. It has been estimated that 30% of elderly patients experience a balance disorder. Managing these disorders is a substantial challenge for patients and their caregivers and physicians. Moreover, abnormalities in balance are associated with falls, a major cause of morbidity and mortality for elderly people. Management is complicated by the inherent difficulties in assessing the generic complaint of dizziness, as well as the likelihood of multiple, often nonvestibular causes. The authors of this mini-seminar review both vestibular and nonvestibular causes of balance disorders in elderly people, emphasizing practical therapeutic maneuvers that can be used. C1 [Wetmore, Stephen J.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Eibling, David E.; Raz, Yael] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Goebel, Joel A.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Gottshall, Kim R.; Hoffer, Michael E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magnusson, Mans] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. RP Wetmore, SJ (reprint author), W Virginia Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swetmore@hsc.wvu.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1177/0194599810397493 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 808SL UT WOS:000293998600001 PM 21493351 ER PT J AU Choi, WH Kim, SI Keum, MS Han, DK Ko, H AF Choi, Woo-Hyun Kim, Seung-Il Keum, Min-Seok Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok TI Acoustic and Visual Signal Based Context Awareness System for Mobile Application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Context awareness; audio and visual classification; environmental sound classification; and mobile device AB In this paper, an acoustic and visual signal based context awareness system is proposed for a mobile application. In particular multimodal system is designed that can sense and determine, in real-time, user contextual information, such as where the user is or what the user does, by processing acoustic and visual signals from the suitable sensors available in a mobile device. A variety of contextual information, such as babble sound in cafeteria, user's movement, and etc., can be recognized by the proposed acoustic and visual feature extraction and classification methods. We first describe the overall structure of the proposed system and then the algorithm for each module performing detection or classification of various contextual scenarios is presented. Representative experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed system while the actual implementation of the proposed scheme into mobile device such as a smart-phone confirms the effectiveness and realization of the proposed system.(1) C1 [Choi, Woo-Hyun; Kim, Seung-Il; Keum, Min-Seok; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Coastal & Geosci CG Team, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM whchoi@ispl.korea.ac.kr; sikim@ispl.korea.ac.kr; mskeum@ispl.korea.ac.kr; ctmkhan@gmail.com; hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0098-3063 J9 IEEE T CONSUM ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 738 EP 746 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 805LU UT WOS:000293728700059 ER PT J AU Lee, EU Taylor, RE AF Lee, E. U. Taylor, R. E. TI Fatigue behavior of aluminum alloys under biaxial loading SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture CY JUN 07-09, 2010 CL Parma, ITALY DE Biaxiality; Fatigue life; Crack path; Fatigue crack growth; In-phase and out-of-phase loading ID ANGLED CRACK PROBLEM; STRESS; FRACTURE; GROWTH; PROPAGATION; STABILITY; PATHS AB The biaxiality effect, especially the effect of non-singular stress cycling, on the fatigue behavior was studied, employing cruciform specimens of aluminum alloys 1100-H14 and 7075-T651. The specimens, containing a transverse or a 45 degrees inclined center notch, were subjected to in-phase (IP) or 100% out-of-phase (hereinafter referred to as "out-of-phase or OP") loading of stress ratio 0.1 in air. The biaxiality ratio lambda ranged from 0 to 1.5, and 3 levels of stress were applied. It was observed that: (1) at a given lambda a lower longitudinal stress induced a longer fatigue life under IP and OP loading, and the fatigue life was longer under IP loading, (2) the fatigue crack path profile was influenced by lambda, phase angle (0 degrees or 180 degrees), and initial center notch (transverse or 45 degrees inclined); (3) the fatigue crack path profiles, predicted analytically and determined experimentally, had similar features for the specimens with a transverse center notch under IP loading; and (4) the fatigue crack growth rate was lower and the fatigue life longer for a greater lambda under IP loading, whereas it changed little with change in lambda under OP loading. These results demonstrate that non-singular stress cycling affects the biaxial fatigue behavior of aluminum alloys 1100-H14 and 7065-T651 under IP and OP loading. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, E. U.; Taylor, R. E.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Lee, EU (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 78 IS 8 SI SI BP 1555 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.005 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 792AY UT WOS:000292714100005 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Aralis, H MacGregor, A Rauh, MJ Heltemes, K Han, P Galarneau, MR AF Macera, Caroline A. Aralis, Hilary MacGregor, Andrew Rauh, Mitchell J. Heltemes, Kevin Han, Peggy Galarneau, Michael R. TI Weight Changes Among Male Navy Personnel Deployed to Iraq or Kuwait in 2005-2008 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY PERSONNEL; BODY-WEIGHT; DUTY; COHORT; HEALTH; FREEDOM; FITNESS; IMPACT AB The objective of this study was to identify changes in weight that occurred during deployment to Iraq or Kuwait between 2005 and 2008. Data on length and type of deployment among 16,365 male U.S. Navy personnel were combined with weight measurements before and after deployment from the Physical Readiness Information Management System. Weight measurements were available for 10,886 men who did not exceed Navy weight recommendations before deployment. In general, weight increased after deployment and, for those who did not exceed Navy recommendations before deployment, factors associated with weight gain included being enlisted and having a deployment longer than 228 days. Among 1,108 men with 2 deployments, a dwell time shorter than the combined deployed time was a risk factor for weight gain during the second deployment. Future studies should explore the combined effects of long deployments and short dwell times in maintaining the readiness of military personnel. C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Aralis, Hilary; MacGregor, Andrew; Rauh, Mitchell J.; Heltemes, Kevin; Han, Peggy; Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Macera, CA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Department of Defense [60818] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense under work unit no.60818. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 176 IS 5 BP 500 EP 506 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 792XM UT WOS:000292783700009 PM 21634293 ER PT J AU Hamers, RJ Stavis, C Pokhrel, A Franking, R Ruther, RE Wang, XY Cooperrider, MC Zheng, HJ Carlisle, JA Butler, JE AF Hamers, Robert J. Stavis, Courtney Pokhrel, Ankit Franking, Ryan Ruther, Rose E. Wang, Xiaoyu Cooperrider, Michelle C. Zheng, Hongjun Carlisle, John A. Butler, James E. TI Characterization of molecular and biomolecular layers on diamond thin films by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides CY SEP 05-09, 2010 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Diamond; Fibrinogen; Proteins; E. coli; Biomolecular layers; Infrared spectroscopy ID CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; ADSORBED FIBRINOGEN; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; SURFACES; SPECTRA; INTERFACE; WATER AB We explore the use of single-bounce infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) to characterize molecular and biomolecular layers on doped and undoped diamond thin films on silicon substrates. Experimental measurements of thin layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a function of polarization and angle of incidence were used to characterize the intensity, frequency, and symmetry of the vibrational features. Fresnel multilayer reflectivity calculations were used to identify optimized conditions and to understand the observed trends. The measurements were then extended to characterize the nonspecific binding of fibrinogen as a model system. Finally, we present data demonstrating the ability to characterize Escherichia coli antibodies covalently linked to diamond surfaces, including changes in Amide I band due to conformational changes associated with protein denaturation. Our results show that dispersion and reflection effects under different experimental conditions lead to changes in the frequency of the PMMA C=O mode and the fibrinogen Amide I band that are comparable to the changes due to different protein conformations. This has significant implications for the use of the Amide I feature to analyze the conformation of proteins on diamond thin film and highlights the utility of Fresnel modeling in the interpretation of FTIR spectra at surfaces. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamers, Robert J.; Stavis, Courtney; Pokhrel, Ankit; Franking, Ryan; Ruther, Rose E.; Wang, Xiaoyu; Cooperrider, Michelle C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zheng, Hongjun; Carlisle, John A.] Adv Diamond Technol Inc, Romeoville, IL 60446 USA. [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hamers@chem.wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Ruther, Rose/I-9207-2016; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Ruther, Rose/0000-0002-1391-902X; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2011.03.022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 779KE UT WOS:000291775700018 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shaw, JL Jensen, KL Feygelson, T Myers, RE Pate, BB Butler, JE AF Yater, J. E. Shaw, J. L. Jensen, K. L. Feygelson, T. Myers, R. E. Pate, B. B. Butler, J. E. TI Secondary electron amplification using single-crystal CVD diamond film SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides CY SEP 05-09, 2010 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Secondary electron transmission; Current amplifier; Single-crystal CVD diamond; Electron energy distribution ID POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; EMISSION PROPERTIES; DESORPTION; TRANSPORT AB The current amplification characteristics of an unbiased 8.3-mu m-thick single-crystal CVD diamond film are examined using secondary-electron-emission measurements. In particular, the intensity and energy distribution of transmitted and reflected secondary electrons are measured and used to examine the transport and emission properties that govern the current amplification process. Overall, the measurements confirm the excellent transport and emission properties of single-crystal CVD diamond, as compared to polycrystalline CVD diamond films studied previously. Specifically, the transmitted and reflected energy distributions measured from the single-crystal diamond are nearly identical, with a sharp, narrow (FWHM = 0.35 eV) emission peak dominating the spectra. However, the transmitted distributions are more fully thermalized as a result of the longer transport distances. In fact, transmitted electrons are detected even after traveling more than 8 mu m through the film, which demonstrates the potential for excellent transport efficiency. Maximum transmission gains of 3-4 are obtained, which is encouraging under such field-free conditions. However, the results of the study indicate that the transmission process is being limited by diffusive transport in the unbiased diamond film. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yater, J. E.; Shaw, J. L.; Jensen, K. L.; Pate, B. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, T.; Butler, J. E.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. [Myers, R. E.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM joan.yater@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2011.03.040 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 779KE UT WOS:000291775700030 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, Verne L. TI Polarized atomic radiative emission in electric and magnetic fields SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY-LINE POLARIZATION; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; DENSITY-MATRIX; SATELLITE LINES; ENHANCEMENT; RELAXATION; IONIZATION; ANISOTROPY; OPERATOR AB A reduced density matrix approach is employed to provide a general theoretical description of polarized radiative emission during single-photon transitions from bound and auto-ionizing states of many-electron atomic systems in the presence of a general arrangement of static (or quasi-static) electric and magnetic fields. Polarized radiative emission from partially ionized atomic systems can occur as a result of the excitation of the radiating atomic states by electrons or ions with an anisotropic velocity distribution, which can be produced in an electron or ion beam experiment, and in a non-equilibrium plasma environment. Polarized radiative emission can also be produced or modified during the excitation of the atomic system in the presence of electric and magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields. In electric and magnetic fields, the normally overlapping angular momentum projection components of atomic spectral lines can be substantially shifted from their field-free positions and split into spectroscopically resolvable (and inherently polarized) features. Because of the breakdown of the field-free angular momentum and parity selection rules, otherwise forbidden components of atomic spectral lines can be generated. Using a representation based on the field-free many-electron atomic states, the Stark-Zeeman patterns can be determined by a diagonalization of the atomic Hamiltonian in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. In the density operator approach, account can be taken of the coherent excitation of a particular subspace of the initial atomic bound or auto-ionizing states. A general expression for the matrix elements of the detected-photon density operator is obtained and provides a unified framework for the analysis of the spectral intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the Stark-Zeeman patterns. From a unified development of time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the more comprehensive reduced density matrix approach, the non-equilibrium atomic state kinetics and the homogeneous spectral line shapes can be systematically and self-consistently described. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil FU U. S. Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported by the U. S. Office of Naval Research. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 89 IS 5 BP 533 EP 549 DI 10.1139/P10-115 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 775QH UT WOS:000291476700007 ER PT J AU Zulick, C Dollar, F Chen, H Falk, K Gregori, G Hazi, A Murphy, CD Park, J Seely, J Szabo, CI Tommasini, R Shepherd, R Krushelnick, K AF Zulick, C. Dollar, F. Chen, H. Falk, K. Gregori, G. Hazi, A. Murphy, C. D. Park, J. Seely, J. Szabo, C. I. Tommasini, R. Shepherd, R. Krushelnick, K. TI K-shell spectroscopy of Au plasma generated with a short-pulse laser SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The production of X-rays from electron transitions into K-shell vacancies (K(alpha,beta)) emission) is a well-known process in atomic physics and has been extensively studied as a plasma diagnostic in low-and mid-Z materials. However, X-ray spectra from near neutral high-Z ions are very complex, and their interpretation requires the use of state-of-the-art atomic calculations. In this experiment, the Titan laser system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was used to deliver an approximately 350 J laser pulse, with a 10 ps duration and a wavelength of 1054 nm, to a gold (Au) target. A transparent bent quartz crystal spectrometer with a hard X-ray energy window, ranging from 17 to 102 keV, was used to measure the emission spectrum. K(alpha 1,alpha 2) and K(beta 1,gamma 1) transitions were observed over a range of target sizes. Additionally, a series of shots were conducted with a pre-ionizing long pulse (3 ns, 1-10 J, 527 nm) on the backside of the target. FLYCHK, an atomic non-LTE code, designed to provide ionization and population distributions, was used to model the experiment. K(alpha)/K(beta) ratios were found to be in good agreement with the predicted value for room temperature Au targets. C1 [Zulick, C.; Dollar, F.; Krushelnick, K.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chen, H.; Hazi, A.; Park, J.; Tommasini, R.; Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Falk, K.; Gregori, G.; Murphy, C. D.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Seely, J.; Szabo, C. I.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zulick, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM czulick@umich.edu RI Dollar, Franklin/C-9214-2013; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; Falk, Katerina/D-2369-2017 OI Dollar, Franklin/0000-0003-3346-5763; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Falk, Katerina/0000-0001-5975-776X FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; [LDRD-09-LW-080] FX Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, as part of a project funded by LDRD-09-LW-080. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 89 IS 5 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1139/P11-034 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 775QH UT WOS:000291476700018 ER PT J AU Burke, DA Hall, CE Cook, SP AF Burke, David A. Hall, Charles E., Jr. Cook, Stephen P. TI System-Level Airworthiness Tool SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA AB One of the pillars of aviation safety is assuring sound engineering practices through airworthiness certification. As unmanned aircraft systems grow in popularity, the need for airworthiness standards and verification methods tailored for unmanned aircraft systems becomes critical. While airworthiness practices for large unmanned aircraft systems may be similar to manned aircraft, it is clear that small unmanned aircraft systems require a paradigm shift from the airworthiness practices of manned aircraft. Although small in comparison with manned aircraft these aircraft are not merely remote-controlled toys. Small unmanned aircraft systems may be complex aircraft flying in the national airspace system over populated areas for extended durations and beyond line of sight of the operators. A comprehensive systems engineering framework for certifying small unmanned aircraft systems at the system level is needed. This work presents a point-based tool that evaluates small unmanned aircraft systems by rewarding good engineering practices in design, analysis, and testing. The requirements scale with vehicle size and operational area, while allowing flexibility for new technologies and unique configurations. C1 [Burke, David A.; Hall, Charles E., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cook, Stephen P.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Burke, DA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 777 EP 785 DI 10.2514/1.C031022 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776XR UT WOS:000291574700006 ER PT J AU Flint, A Niewoehner, RJ AF Flint, Alan Niewoehner, Robert J. TI Comment on "Refining Satellite Methods for Pitot-Static Calibration" SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Niewoehner, Robert J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Flint, Alan] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Flint, A (reprint author), 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code CC3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM niewoehn@usna.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1119 EP 1120 DI 10.2514/1.C031023 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776XR UT WOS:000291574700038 ER PT J AU Shatnawi, D Oaxaca, R Ransom, M AF Shatnawi, Dina Oaxaca, Ronald Ransom, Michael TI Applying Fixed Effects to Hierarchical Segregation Models SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; PAY C1 [Shatnawi, Dina] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Oaxaca, Ronald] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ransom, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Shatnawi, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ingersoll Hall,Room 231,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dshatnaw@nps.edu; rlo@email.arizona.edu; ransom@byu.edu RI Ransom, Michael /F-6304-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1257/aer.101.3.588 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 771IL UT WOS:000291150300111 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Kalogiros, JA Ramp, SR Paduan, JD Buzorius, G Jonsson, H AF Wang, Q. Kalogiros, J. A. Ramp, S. R. Paduan, J. D. Buzorius, G. Jonsson, H. TI Wind Stress Curl and Coastal Upwelling in the Area of Monterey Bay Observed during AOSN-II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; RESEARCH AIRCRAFT; EDDY-CORRELATION; WAVES 1996; FLOW; CALIFORNIA; OCEAN; VARIABILITY AB Aircraft measurements obtained during the 2003-04 Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN-II) project were used to study the effect of small-scale variations of near-surface wind stress on coastal upwelling in the area of Monterey Bay. Using 5-km-long measurement segments at 35 m above the sea surface, wind stress and its curl were calculated with estimated accuracy of 0.02-0.03 N M(-2) and 0.1-0.2 N m(-2) per 100 kilometers. respectively. The spatial distribution of wind speed, wind stress, stress curl, and sea surface temperature were analyzed for four general wind conditions: northerly or southerly wind along the coastline, onshore flow, and offshore flow. Wind stress and speed maxima frequently were found to be noncollocated as bulk parameterizations imply owing to significant stability and nonhomogeneity effects at cold SST pools. The analyses revealed that complicated processes with different time scales (wind stress field variation, ocean response and upwelling, sea surface currents, and heating by solar radiation) affect the coastal sea surface temperature. It was found that the stress-curl-induced coastal upwelling only dominates in events during which positive curl extended systematically over a significant area (scales larger than 20 km). These events included cases with a northerly wind, which resulted in an expansion fan downstream from Point Ano Nuevo (wind speed peaks greater than about 8-10 m s(-1)), and cases with an offshore/onshore flow, which are characterized by weak background upwelling due to Ekman transport. However, in general, observations show that cold pools of sea surface temperature in the central area of Monterey Bay were advected by ocean surface currents from strong upwelling regions. Aircraft vertical soundings taken in the bay area showed that dominant effects of the lee wave sheltering of coastal mountains resulted in weak atmospheric turbulence and affected the development of the atmospheric boundary layer. This effect causes low wind stress that limits upwelling. especially at the northern part of Monterey Bay. The sea surface temperature is generally warm in this part of the bay because of the shallow oceanic surface layer and solar heating of the upper ocean. C1 [Kalogiros, J. A.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 15236, Greece. [Wang, Q.; Paduan, J. D.; Buzorius, G.; Jonsson, H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Ramp, S. R.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Kalogiros, JA (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 15236, Greece. EM jkalog@meteo.noa.gr FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001405WR20338, N0001406WR20081, N0001407WR20229, N0001403WR20002] FX We thank Prof. Bob Haney. Prof. Bobbi Kamil, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Marine Meteorology and Atmospheric Effects program of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (Awards N0001405W R20338, N0001406WR20081, and N0001407WR20229). S. R. Ramp's work was supported by ONR Grant N0001403WR20002 (Aerial Surveys of the Ocean and Atmosphere off Central California). Buoy data shown in Figure 14 were downloaded from http://aosn.mbari.org/. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 857 EP 877 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4305.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 770XK UT WOS:000291121600002 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Wijesekera, HW Avera, WE Hallock, ZR AF Teague, W. J. Wijesekera, H. W. Avera, W. E. Hallock, Z. R. TI Current and Density Observations of Packets of Nonlinear Internal Waves on the Outer New Jersey Shelf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOLITARY WAVES; DISSIPATION; SEA; SOLITONS; STRESS; OCEAN; SHEAR; MODEL AB Closely spaced observations of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) were made on the outer continental shell off New Jersey in June 2009. Nearly full water column measurements of current velocity were made with four acoustic Doppler current protilers (ADCP's) that were moored about 5 km apart on the bottom along a line approximately normal to the bathymetry between Water depths of 67 and 92 in. Density profiles were obtained from two vertical strings or temperature and conductivity sensors that were deployed near each of the interior A DCP moorings. In addition, a towed Scan Fish provided profiles and fixed-level records of temperature and salinity through several NLIW packets near the moorings. Several case studies were selected to describe the propagation of the NLIWs. One to three solitary waves of depression were observed in live selected packets. There were also occurrences of multiple-phase dispersive wave packets. The average propagation speed corrected for advection of the observed waves was 0.51 +/- 0.09 m s(-1) The waves were directed primarily shoreward (northwestward) along the mooring line with average wavelengths and periods of about 300 m and 10 min. respectively. Wave amplitudes and energies decreased with decreasing water depth. The observed wave parameters can be locally described by a two-layer Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) model, except for the decreasing amplitudes, which may be due to shear-induced dissipation and/or bottom drag. The various complementary observations utilized in this study present a unique description of NLIWs. C1 [Teague, W. J.; Wijesekera, H. W.; Avera, W. E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hallock, Z. R.] QinetiQ N Amer, Slidell, LA USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory [62435N] FX The authors thank Justin Small for many helpful comments. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Naval Research Laboratory's "Forecasting Magnetic Fields Generated by Submesoscale Hydrodynamics'' under program element 62435N. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 994 EP 1008 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4556.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 770XK UT WOS:000291121600010 ER PT J AU Magno, R Champlain, JG Newman, HS Park, D AF Magno, R. Champlain, J. G. Newman, H. S. Park, D. TI Antimonide-based pN terahertz mixer diodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; OHMIC CONTACTS; LOW-RESISTANCE; BUFFER LAYERS; ALLOYS AB High frequency pN heterojunction diodes with cutoff frequencies over 1 THz have been fabricated using narrow bandgap high-mobility semiconductors. The pN heterojunction is composed of a 30 nm thick p-type In(0.27)Ga(0.73)Sb alloy and a 130 nm thick In(0.69)Al(0.31)As(0.41)Sb(0.59) n-layer. A high-mobility n-type InAs(0.66)Sb(0.34) contact layer is used to connect the mesa diode to a metal Ohmic contact. These alloys have a lattice constant a(0)=6.2 angstrom and are grown on semi-insulating GaAs, a(0)=5.65 angstrom, using a buffer consisting of 1 mu m of In(0.21)Ga(0.19)Al(0.6)Sb with a(0)=6.2 angstrom and 0.5 mu m of Ga(0.35)Al(0.65)Sb with a(0)= 6.12 angstrom. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3549885] C1 [Magno, R.; Champlain, J. G.; Newman, H. S.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.magno@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research. FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 AR 03C109 DI 10.1116/1.3549885 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 770TL UT WOS:000291111300045 ER PT J AU Quinlan, RA Javier, A Foos, EE Buckley, L Zhu, MY Hou, K Widenkvist, E Drees, M Jansson, U Holloway, BC AF Quinlan, Ronald A. Javier, Artjay Foos, Edward E. Buckley, Leonard Zhu, Mingyao Hou, Kun Widenkvist, Erika Drees, Martin Jansson, Ulf Holloway, Brian C. TI Transfer of carbon nanosheet films to nongrowth, zero thermal budget substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYMER; COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; DEVICES AB Carbon-based nanostructures and materials have become a popular subject of research due to their unique thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. For example, the strong C-C bonds of graphene-based systems allow for excellent thermal conduction at room temperature and the conjugation of the sp(2) lattice enables extremely high electron mobility. However, the use of carbon nanostructures as a component in polymer composites, sensors, mirco-electro-mechanical systems, and both rigid and flexible electronics has been limited by several factors, including the incompatibility with standard photolithography techniques, the high temperatures required for the nanostructure growth, and the presence of-or complication-of removing noncarbon species. Here, the authors report on a novel method for the transfer of carbon nanosheets to a low or zero thermal budget substrate while maintaining their original morphology and electrical properties. Four-point probe measurements' post-transfer shows the retention of in-plane conductivity and scanning electron microscopy reveals the preservation of the original vertical morphology. Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the retention of the graphitic structure of the post-transfer nanosheet film. This new transfer technique builds on the ability to conformally coat nanosheets while maintaining the original ultrahigh surface area morphology and the ability to fully incorporate nanosheets into several polymers while maintaining the original nanostructure separation. For a demonstration of the usefulness of polymer filling, carbon nanosheets were used as an ultrahigh surface area electrode for the photoactive polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] in proof of principle experiments of a nanosheet-based organic photovoltaic device. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3574524] C1 [Quinlan, Ronald A.; Zhu, Mingyao; Hou, Kun] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Quinlan, Ronald A.; Drees, Martin; Holloway, Brian C.] Luna Innovat Inc, NanoWorks Div, Danville, VA 24541 USA. [Javier, Artjay; Foos, Edward E.; Buckley, Leonard] USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Widenkvist, Erika; Jansson, Ulf] Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Quinlan, Ronald A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Quinlan, RA (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, 325 McGlothin St Hall, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM ronald.quinlan@navy.mil FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-C-0010] FX The authors would like to thank Arne Roos, Ronald Outlaw, and Mark Hinders for the many useful discussions and experimental insights. One of the authors (A.J.) acknowledges the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for a Postdoctoral fellowship. This material was based on work supported by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-06-C-0010. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 AR 030602 DI 10.1116/1.3574524 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 770TL UT WOS:000291111300002 ER PT J AU Ray, MP Baldwin, JW Feygelson, TI Butler, JE Pate, BB AF Ray, M. P. Baldwin, J. W. Feygelson, T. I. Butler, J. E. Pate, B. B. TI Note: Laser ablation technique for electrically contacting a buried implant layer in single crystal diamond SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED DIAMOND; CARBON AB The creation of thin, buried, and electrically conducting layers within an otherwise insulating diamond by annealed ion implantation damage is well known. Establishing facile electrical contact to the shallow buried layer has been an unmet challenge. We demonstrate a new method, based on laser micro-machining (laser ablation), to make reliable electrical contact to a buried implant layer in diamond. Comparison is made to focused ion beam milling. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3595678] C1 [Ray, M. P.; Baldwin, J. W.; Butler, J. E.; Pate, B. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, T. I.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Ray, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradford.pate@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Ray, Matthew/C-8213-2009; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while M. P. R. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 82 IS 5 AR 056105 DI 10.1063/1.3595678 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 770RR UT WOS:000291106700068 PM 21639553 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Fitzgerald, LA Biffinger, JC Spargo, BJ Houston, BH Bucaro, JA Ringeisen, BR AF Wu, Peter K. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Biffinger, Justin C. Spargo, Barry J. Houston, Brian H. Bucaro, Joseph A. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Zero-power autonomous buoyancy system controlled by microbial gas production SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SUBSURFACE FLOATS; SENSOR NETWORKS; FUEL-CELL AB A zero-power ballast control system that could be used to float and submerge a device solely using a gas source was built and tested. This system could be used to convey sensors, data loggers, and communication devices necessary for water quality monitoring and other applications by periodically maneuvering up and down a water column. Operational parameters for the system such as duration of the submerged and buoyant states can be varied according to its design. The gas source can be of any origin, e. g., compressed air, underwater gas vent, gas produced by microbes, etc. The zero-power ballast system was initially tested using a gas pump and further tested using gas produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Using microbial gas production as the only source of gas and no electrical power during operation, the system successfully floated and submerged periodically with a period of 30 min for at least 24 h. Together with microbial fuel cells, this system opens up possibilities for underwater monitoring systems that could function indefinitely. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3587623] C1 [Wu, Peter K.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Spargo, Barry J.; Houston, Brian H.; Bucaro, Joseph A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory [62747N] FX This project is funded by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory BLK 6.2 Program Element No. 62747N. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 82 IS 5 AR 055108 DI 10.1063/1.3587623 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 770RR UT WOS:000291106700054 PM 21639539 ER PT J AU Ateniese, G Burns, R Curtmola, R Herring, J Khan, O Kissner, L Peterson, Z Song, D AF Ateniese, Giuseppe Burns, Randal Curtmola, Reza Herring, Joseph Khan, Osama Kissner, Lea Peterson, Zachary Song, Dawn TI Remote Data Checking Using Provable Data Possession SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEM SECURITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Estes Pk, CO SP ACM SIGSAC DE Security; Reliability; Performance; Remote data checking; provable data possession; PDP; homomorphic verifiable tags; archival storage; cloud storage security; robust auditing; erasure coding ID DIGITAL-SIGNATURES; PLAINTEXT-AWARE; ENCRYPTION; SCHEME; RSA AB We introduce a model for provable data possession (PDP) that can be used for remote data checking: A client that has stored data at an untrusted server can verify that the server possesses the original data without retrieving it. The model generates probabilistic proofs of possession by sampling random sets of blocks from the server, which drastically reduces I/O costs. The client maintains a constant amount of metadata to verify the proof. The challenge/response protocol transmits a small, constant amount of data, which minimizes network communication. Thus, the PDP model for remote data checking is lightweight and supports large data sets in distributed storage systems. The model is also robust in that it incorporates mechanisms for mitigating arbitrary amounts of data corruption. We present two provably-secure PDP schemes that are more efficient than previous solutions. In particular, the overhead at the server is low (or even constant), as opposed to linear in the size of the data. We then propose a generic transformation that adds robustness to any remote data checking scheme based on spot checking. Experiments using our implementation verify the practicality of PDP and reveal that the performance of PDP is bounded by disk I/O and not by cryptographic computation. Finally, we conduct an in-depth experimental evaluation to study the tradeoffs in performance, security, and space overheads when adding robustness to a remote data checking scheme. C1 [Ateniese, Giuseppe; Burns, Randal; Herring, Joseph; Khan, Osama] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Curtmola, Reza] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kissner, Lea] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Peterson, Zachary] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Song, Dawn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ateniese, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM crix@njit.edu NR 56 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 24 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1094-9224 EI 1557-7406 J9 ACM T INFORM SYST SE JI ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1145/1952982.1952994 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 770PK UT WOS:000291100500012 ER PT J AU Enright, MP Chan, KS Moody, JP Golder, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Enright, Michael P. Chan, Kwai S. Moody, Jonathan P. Golder, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Influence of Random Residual Stress on Fretting Fatigue SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 11th Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP AIAA ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; DESIGN; METHODOLOGY; PREDICTION AB Probabilistic risk assessment has increasingly been adopted by certification agencies to address the inherent uncertainties in fatigue crack nucleation and;growth processes. Fretting fatigue is a significant damage source for aircraft gas turbine engine components. When present, it can reduce component lives by 40 to 60 percent or more. Surface treatments introduce compressive residual stresses that have the potential to substantially increase component lifetimes. In this paper, an approach is presented for estimating the fretting fatigue risk reduction associated with surface treatment of an actual military engine disk under real-life loading conditions. Residual stresses associated with surface treatment are based on values reported in the literature. A probabilistic model of the fretting process is calibrated based on available failure data and used to quantify the influence of surface treatment on the probability of fracture. C1 [Enright, Michael P.; Chan, Kwai S.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golder, Patrick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Struct Integr Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enright, MP (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.2514/1.45774 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 770FI UT WOS:000291072000001 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Wu, CC Wang, TCC Elsberry, RL AF Lee, Cheng-Shang Wu, Chun-Chieh Wang, Tai-Chi Chen Elsberry, Russell L. TI Advances in understanding the "Perfect Monsoon-influenced Typhoon": Summary from International Conference on Typhoon Morakot (2009) SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Typhoon Morakot rainfall; monsoon-influenced tropical cyclones; tropical cyclone rainfall prediction; tropical cyclone track prediction; tropical cyclone flooding ID RAINFALL; TAIWAN AB Typhoon Morakot (2009) produced 2855 mm of rain and was the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan with 619 deaths and 76 missing persons, including a landslide that wiped out an entire village. While Morakot did not exceed the heaviest 24-h rain record, the combination of heavy rain and long duration that led to the record accumulation is attributed to the southwest summer monsoon influence on the typhoon. Thus, a special combination of factors was involved in the Morakot disaster: (i) Strong southwesterly monsoon winds; (ii) Convergence between the typhoon circulation and monsoon flow to form an east-west oriented convective band over the Taiwan Strait that was quasi-stationary and long-lasting; (iii) A typhoon in a specific location relative to the Central Mountain Range and moving slowly; and (iv) Steep topography that provided rapid lifting of the moist air stream. The contributions of each of these four factors in leading to the Morakot disaster are reviewed primarily based on new research presented at the International Conference on Typhoon Morakot (2009). Historical data sets, new Doppler radar observations, and numerical modeling have advanced the understanding of the special conditions of monsoon-influenced typhoons such as Morakot. This research is also leading to modifications of existing and development of new forecasting tools. Gaps in scientific understanding, limits to the predictability, and requirements for advanced forecast guidance tools are described that are challenges to improved warnings of these extreme precipitation and flooding events in monsoon-influenced typhoons. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lee, Cheng-Shang; Wu, Chun-Chieh] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lee, Cheng-Shang] Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wang, Tai-Chi Chen] Natl Cent Univ, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu OI Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU Taiwan National Science Council; National Applied Research Laboratories; U.S. Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX This workshop was hosted by TTRFI and sponsored by the Taiwan National Science Council and National Applied Research Laboratories. Additional support was provided by the Central Weather Bureau, Institut Francias de Taipei, and the National Center for High-Performance Computing. The permission of various people for permission to publish their research and for providing figures is gratefully acknowledged. The participation of Russell Elsberry is funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones skillfully prepared the manuscript. Presentation powerpoints from International Conference on Typhoon Morakot (2009) are available at the website www.ttfri.narl.org.tw/work-shop/morakot/index.php. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s13143-011-0010-2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 769SQ UT WOS:000291039000001 ER PT J AU Wright, CL Nadolny, RM Jiang, J Richards, AL Sonenshine, DE Gaff, HD Hynes, WL AF Wright, Chelsea L. Nadolny, Robyn M. Jiang, Ju Richards, Allen L. Sonenshine, Daniel E. Gaff, Holly D. Hynes, Wayne L. TI Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-MACULATUM; UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODIDAE; ACARI; INFECTION AB We report evidence that Amblyomma maculatum tick populations are well established in southeastern Virginia. We found that 43.1% of the adult Gulf Coast ticks collected in the summer of 2010 carried Rickettsia parkeri, suggesting that persons living in or visiting southeastern Virginia are at risk for infection with this pathogen. C1 [Hynes, Wayne L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Jiang, Ju; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hynes, WL (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM whynes@odu.edu OI Hynes, Wayne/0000-0003-3998-7781 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [K25AI067791]; US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance; Response System program [0000188M.0931.001.A0074] FX The project described was supported by grant no. K25AI067791 (to H.D.G.) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This work was supported by the US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System program (work unit no. 0000188M.0931.001.A0074). NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2011 VL 17 IS 5 BP 896 EP 898 DI 10.3201/eid1705.101836 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 760AB UT WOS:000290291900025 PM 21529406 ER PT J AU Linoski, A AF Linoski, Alexis TI New Approaches to E-Reserve: Linking, Sharing and Streaming SO JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP LA English DT Book Review C1 [Linoski, Alexis] USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Linoski, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM linoski@usna.edu RI Linoski, Alexis/A-8396-2009 OI Linoski, Alexis/0000-0001-7307-8771 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1333 J9 J ACAD LIBR JI J. Acad. Librariansh. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 280 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.acalib.2011.02.024 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 766ZS UT WOS:000290825700017 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, O Bezares, FJ Bassim, ND Rendell, RW Feygelson, M Ukaegbu, M Kasica, R Shirey, L Hosten, C AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest Bezares, Francisco J. Bassim, Nabil D. Rendell, Ronald W. Feygelson, Mariya Ukaegbu, Maraizu Kasica, Richard Shirey, Loretta Hosten, Charles TI Plasmonic Nanopillar Arrays for Large-Area, High-Enhancement Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; electron-beam lithography; reactive ion etching; plasmonics; nanoparticles; plasmonic arrays; grating ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; THIOPHENOL; ADSORPTION; SIZE; AG AB Efforts to create reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based chemical and biological sensors has been hindered by difficulties in fabricating large-area SERS-active substrates with a uniform, reproducible SERS response that still provides sufficient enhancement for easy detection. Here we report on periodic arrays of Au-capped, vertically aligned silicon nanopillars that are embedded in a Au plane upon a Si substrate. We illustrate that these arrays are ideal for use as SERS sensor templates, in that they provide large, uniform and reproducible average enhancement factors up to similar to 1.2 x 10(8) over the structure surface area. We discuss the impact of the overall geometry of the structures upon the SERS response at 532, 633, and 785 nm incident laser wavelengths. Calculations of the electromagnetic field distributions and Intensities within such structures were performed and both the wavelength dependence of the predicted SERS response and the field distribution within the nanopillar structure are discussed and support the experimental results we report. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest; Bezares, Francisco J.; Bassim, Nabil D.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Feygelson, Mariya; Shirey, Loretta] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ukaegbu, Maraizu; Hosten, Charles] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Kasica, Richard] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 FU Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Doewon Park and Dr. Robert Bass for helpful discussions. We also recognize the assistance of the Center for Nanoscale Technology at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD, for the use of their facilities for the electron beam lithography required in the fabrication of the nanopillar arrays discussed. Funding for this work was provided by the Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 26 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 15 U2 147 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 4046 EP 4055 DI 10.1021/nn200636t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 767AD UT WOS:000290826800076 PM 21480637 ER PT J AU Algar, WR Prasuhn, DE Stewart, MH Jennings, TL Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Algar, W. Russ Prasuhn, Duane E. Stewart, Michael H. Jennings, Travis L. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI The Controlled Display of Biomolecules on Nanoparticles: A Challenge Suited to Bioorthogonal Chemistry SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; MRI CONTRAST AGENTS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NATIVE CHEMICAL LIGATION; CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS AB Interest in developing diverse nanoparticle (NP)-biological composite materials continues to grow almost unabated. This is motivated primarily by the desire to simultaneously exploit the properties of both NP and biological components in new hybrid devices or materials that can be applied in areas ranging from energy harvesting and nanoscale electronics to biomedical diagnostics. The utility and effectiveness of these composites will be predicated on the ability to assemble these structures with control over NP/biomolecule ratio, biomolecular orientation, biomolecular activity, and the separation distance within the NP-bioconjugate architecture. This degree of control will be especially critical in creating theranostic NP-bioconjugates that, as a single vector, are capable of multiple functions in vivo, including targeting, image contrast, biosensing, and drug delivery. In this review, a perspective is given on current and developing chemistries that can provide improved control in the preparation of NP-bioconjugates. The nanoscale properties intrinsic to several prominent NP materials are briefly described to highlight the motivation behind their use. NP materials of interest include quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, viral capsids, liposomes, and NPs composed of gold, lanthanides, silica, polymers, or magnetic materials. This review includes a critical discussion on the design considerations for NP-bioconjugates and the unique challenges associated with chemistry at the biological-nanoscale interface-the liabilities of traditional bioconjugation chemistries being particularly prominent therein. Select bioorthogonal chemistries that can address these challenges are reviewed in detail, and include chemoselective ligations (e.g., hydrazone and Staudinger ligation), cycloaddition reactions in click chemistry (e.g., azide-alkyne cyclyoaddition, tetrazine ligation), metal-affinity coordination (e.g., polyhistidine), enzyme driven modifications (e.g., HaloTag, biotin ligase), and other site-specific chemistries. The benefits and liabilities of particular chemistries are discussed by highlighting relevant NP-bioconjugation examples from the literature. Potential chemistries that have not yet been applied to NPs are also discussed, and an outlook on future developments in this field is given. C1 [Algar, W. Russ; Prasuhn, Duane E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jennings, Travis L.] eBioscience Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); ASEE through NRL; CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA); DARPA; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI FX W.R.A. is grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for support through a postdoctoral fellowship. D.E.P. acknowledges an ASEE fellowship through NRL. J.B.B.-C. acknowledges a Marie Curie IOF. The authors also acknowledge the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA), DARPA, ONR, NRL and the NRL-NSI for financial support. NR 345 TC 225 Z9 227 U1 31 U2 468 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 EI 1520-4812 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 825 EP 858 DI 10.1021/bc200065z PG 34 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 765GF UT WOS:000290691600001 PM 21585205 ER PT J AU Lacey, BW You, D Speziale, A AF Lacey, Brent W. You, David Speziale, Alissa TI Pustular Skin Eruption in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lacey, Brent W.] USN, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [You, David; Speziale, Alissa] USN, Dept Gastroenterol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lacey, BW (reprint author), USN, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 9 IS 5 BP E43 EP E44 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.11.035 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 764TV UT WOS:000290657200006 PM 21145418 ER PT J AU Wallace, DL AF Wallace, Donald L. TI Understanding Robert Musil SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wallace, Donald L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wallace, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV, BOX 873204, TEMPE, AZ 85287-3204 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 426 EP 427 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 761AL UT WOS:000290366700016 ER PT J AU Ong, CW Boey, CW Hixson, RS Sinibaldi, JO AF Ong, C. W. Boey, C. W. Hixson, Robert S. Sinibaldi, Jose O. TI Advanced layered personnel armor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Armor; Penetration resistance; Composites; Dyneema ID PENETRATION; COMPOSITES; IMPACT AB Utilizing shock compression physics considerations and explicit numerical techniques a methodology has been developed to design composite personnel armor by optimizing the role each layer plays during projectile defeat. The initial design consists of a very hard 1st layer to deform and fracture the projectile, an orthotropic 2nd layer to slow down the shock wave propagation in the through thickness direction, whilst allowing rapid propagation in the transverse directions, a 3rd porous layer to absorb the shock wave energy through PV-work, and a 4th layer to provide confinement for the porous medium. Based on the above armor protection concept, composite plates comprising of alumina (Al(2)O(3)) Ceramic, Dyneema HB25 and porous polyurethane (PU) foam were constructed to test against baseline armor AISI 4140 steel plate. A hypothetical orthotropic material model closely resembling that of Dyneema HB25 was derived based on fundamental materials relations as well as limited available literature information. Material models for the other materials used in this research were based on existing sources. An integral experiment was conducted to validate this composite armor against numerical simulations. Through this study, the composite armor has been shown experimentally to be more effective in resisting penetration than a steel plate of equivalent (and slightly greater) areal density, and that the material layering sequence is fundamentally correct, while the numerical modeling has provided a general guidance to the behavior of the system. This research was done to explore this kind of approach to armor design to evaluate its merit. We make no claim that this design is ready for field use. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ong, C. W.; Hixson, Robert S.; Sinibaldi, Jose O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Boey, C. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ong, CW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ocwroy@singnet.com.sg OI Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590 FU U.S Navy; Ministry of Defence and Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd FX This research at the Naval Postgraduate School was supported by the U.S Navy through an internal Research Initiation Project grant. The authors would like to thank Professor Frank Zok and the late Professor Anthony Evans of the Mechanical Engineering (ME) Department, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) for granting us access to their gas gun facilities. Without their kind support, this research could never have been completed.; The authors Ong C.W. and Boey C.W. would also like to thank our Singapore sponsors, the Ministry of Defence and Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd, respectively, for sponsoring our postgraduate Masters' of Science studies at the Naval Postgraduate School, California, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 38 IS 5 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.12.003 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 767CU UT WOS:000290833700010 ER PT J AU Stanlake, C AF Stanlake, Christy TI Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians out of Existence in New England SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stanlake, Christy] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stanlake, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8758 J9 J AM STUD JI J. Am. Stud. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 AR e18 DI 10.1017/S0021875811000326 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 757SX UT WOS:000290109100002 ER PT J AU Chung, S Wheeler, V Myers-Ward, R Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Wu, P Picard, YN Skowronski, M AF Chung, Suk Wheeler, Virginia Myers-Ward, Rachael Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Wu, Ping Picard, Yoosuf N. Skowronski, Marek TI Direct observation of basal-plane to threading-edge dislocation conversion in 4H-SiC epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID I-N-DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE; NUCLEATION SITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OFF-CUT; GROWTH; EPILAYERS; VOLTAGE; DEVICES; LAYERS AB The propagation behavior of basal plane dislocations from off-oriented 4H-SiC substrates into homoepitaxial layers has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical etching. Cross-sectional TEM shows that basal plane dislocations in the substrate are dissociated into pairs of partial dislocations separated by a stacking fault with a width of about 40 nm. Near the substrate/epilayer interface, where most of the basal plane dislocations convert to threading edge dislocations, the two partials constrict before converting. Threading edge segments are inclined by about 20 degrees from the c-axis toward the down-step direction. It is concluded that the critical and limiting step of the dislocation conversion process is constriction of the dissociated partials. Growth surface morphology at the emergence point of the basal plane dislocation was imaged using SEM and is thought to play an important role in the constriction. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3579447] C1 [Chung, Suk; Picard, Yoosuf N.; Skowronski, Marek] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wheeler, Virginia; Myers-Ward, Rachael; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wu, Ping] H VI Inc, Pine Brook, NJ 07058 USA. RP Skowronski, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mareks@cmu.edu RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011; OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 FU ASEE; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0338] FX V.W. is grateful for fellowship support from the ASEE. This work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-08-1-0338. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 9 AR 094906 DI 10.1063/1.3579447 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763VT UT WOS:000290588500133 ER PT J AU Radice, JJ Malek-Madani, R AF Radice, Joshua J. Malek-Madani, Reza TI On the fully elastic adhesive layer and sandwich core model: a spectral decomposition/method of weighted residuals solution SO JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Airy stress function; FEA; isotropic core; stress analysis ID TRANSVERSELY FLEXIBLE CORE; HIGH-ORDER THEORY; BONDED JOINTS; BEHAVIOR; BEAMS; SINGULARITY; STRESSES; CORNER; SHEAR AB To accurately model the stress transfer through a square-ended sandwich structure core and/or a square-ended adhesive layer, a biharmonic Airy stress function solution is derived using a spectral decomposition and a collocation expansion. The solution satisfies the zero stress conditions at the traction-free surfaces and the matched displacement conditions at the top and bottom material interfaces. The stress field is investigated for an idealized state of pure shear. For this example case, the shear and normal stress fields are found to be finite and differentiable everywhere in the domain. This includes finite valued stresses at the sharp corners of an elastic medium. The resulting stress components are compared with the Goland-Reissner, the Closed Form Higher Order, and COMSOL finite element models. The Spectral/Collocation model is found to be superior owing to the satisfaction of the differential equations of deformation compatibility. It is also demonstrated that highly refined structural mechanics finite element models are unable to handle the stress-free conditions at corners of the traction-free surfaces. C1 [Radice, Joshua J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Malek-Madani, Reza] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Radice, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM radice@usna.edu FU United States Naval Academy Research Council; Office of Naval Research [N0001408WR40063] FX This work was supported by the United States Naval Academy Research Council and the Office of Naval Research [grant number N0001408WR40063]. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1099-6362 J9 J SANDW STRUCT MATER JI J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 357 EP 387 DI 10.1177/1099636210383643 PG 31 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 768PU UT WOS:000290948700005 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ Smith, KB Vincent, HT AF Barton, Robert J., III Smith, Kevin B. Vincent, Harold T., II TI A characterization of the scattered acoustic intensity field in the resonance region for simple spheres SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The properties of the scattered acoustic vector fields generated by simple spheres illuminated by monotonic continuous wave (CW) plane waves are investigated. Analytical solutions are derived from general acoustic pressure scattering models and analyzed for wave numbers in the resonance region. Of particular interest is the understanding of the characteristics of the scattered acoustic vector field in the near-to-far-field transition region. The separable active and reactive components of the acoustic intensity are used to investigate the structural features of the scattered field components. Numerical results are presented for the near and transition regions for a rigid sphere. A method of mapping nulls in the scattered intensity field components is described. The analysis is then extended to include a simple fluid-filled boundary and finally the evacuated thin-walled shell. Near field acoustic intensity field structures are compared against mechanical material properties of vacuous shells. The ability to extract scattered field features is illustrated with measurements obtained from a recent in-air experiment using an anechoic chamber and acoustic vector sensor probes to measure the scattered acoustic vector field from rigid spheres. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3559689] C1 [Barton, Robert J., III] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vincent, Harold T., II] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM robert.barton@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [321]; Maritime Surveillance; Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Internal Laboratory FX Support for this research effort is sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research, Code 321, Maritime Surveillance, and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Internal Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program. The authors wish to extend a special acknowledgment and extend their gratitude to Dr. Daphne Kapolka and Mr. Jay Adeff, Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, for their support and assistance in setting up and performing the intensity scattering measurements in the anechoic chamber and, finally, to Dr. Hans-Elias de Bree and the Microflown company for the use and support of the Microflown intensity probes. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 129 IS 5 BP 2772 EP 2784 DI 10.1121/1.3559689 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 762CR UT WOS:000290450400013 PM 21568382 ER PT J AU Dey, S Sarkissian, A Simpson, H Houston, BH Bulat, FA Kraus, L Saniga, M Bucaro, JA AF Dey, S. Sarkissian, A. Simpson, H. Houston, B. H. Bulat, F. A. Kraus, L. Saniga, M. Bucaro, J. A. TI Structural-acoustic modeling for three-dimensional freefield and littoral environments with verification and validation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; INFINITE ELEMENTS; SCATTERING; OBJECTS; APPROXIMATE; SEDIMENT; WAVES; FIELD AB This paper describes a high-order, finite-element-based, three-dimensional time-harmonic model for large-scale exterior structural-acoustics problems. It is applicable to both freefield and littoral environments. For the freefield case, the infinite exterior is treated as a homogeneous linear acoustic medium. For littoral applications, the water or air and the sediment domains are each treated as linear homogeneous, semi-infinite half-spaces with piecewise-constant properties. Both domains admit complex-valued wave speeds to enable the inclusion of damping. The finite element formulation uses a variational statement which naturally incorporates the transmission-condition at the water or air-sediment interface. The truncation of the infinite exterior is realized using an infinite-element for the freefield case, and the perfectly-matched-layer approximation for littoral applications. Computation of the farfield quantities is done based on an integral representation which, for the littoral cases, uses efficient approximations for the appropriate Green's function. Numerical computations are presented for a series of progressively more complex problems, and are used to verify the model against analytic and other numerical solutions and validate it based on the experimental data for scattering from elastic scatterers as measured in freefield and sediment pool laboratory facilities. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI:10.1121/1.3569729] C1 [Bucaro, J. A.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Dey, S.; Sarkissian, A.; Simpson, H.; Houston, B. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bulat, F. A.; Kraus, L.; Saniga, M.] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), Excet Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 105, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM joseph.bucaro.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 129 IS 5 BP 2979 EP 2990 DI 10.1121/1.3569729 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 762CR UT WOS:000290450400032 PM 21568401 ER PT J AU Lacey, LTBW Tanaka, E AF Lacey, L. T. Brent W. Tanaka, Elaine TI LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF A SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION IN A NONAGENARIAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID SURGERY C1 [Lacey, L. T. Brent W.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Tanaka, Elaine] Scripps Green Hosp, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lacey, LTBW (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 935 EP 936 PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 763RZ UT WOS:000290578700027 PM 21568965 ER PT J AU Sun, PF Beckett, C Danko, J Burgess, T Liang, ZD Kochel, T Porter, K AF Sun, Peifang Beckett, Charmagne Danko, Janine Burgess, Timothy Liang, Zhaodong Kochel, Tadeusz Porter, Kevin TI A dendritic cell-based assay for measuring memory T cells specific to dengue envelope proteins in human peripheral blood SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Dengue; Human T cell; Human dendritic cell; Interferon ELISPOT; Dengue E protein ID DNA VACCINE; VIRUS; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; MONKEYS AB Dengue envelope (E) protein is a dominant immune inducer and E protein-based vaccines elicited partial to complete protection in non-human primates. To study the immunogenicity of these vaccines in humans, an enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for measuring interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production was developed. Cells from two subject groups, based on dengue-exposure, were selected for assay development. The unique feature of the IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay is the utilization of dendritic cells pulsed with E proteins as antigen presenting cells. IFN-gamma production, ranging from 53-513 spot forming units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was observed in dengue-exposed subjects as compared to 0-45 IFN-gamma spot forming units in dengue-unexposed subjects. Further, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and cells bearing CD45RO memory marker, were the major sources of IFN-gamma production. The assay allowed quantification of E-specific IFN-gamma-secreting memory T cells in subjects 9 years after exposure to a live-attenuated virus vaccine and live-virus challenge. Results suggested that the dendritic cell-based IFN-gamma assay is a useful tool for assessing immunological memory for clinical research. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Peifang; Beckett, Charmagne; Danko, Janine; Burgess, Timothy; Kochel, Tadeusz; Porter, Kevin] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sun, Peifang; Liang, Zhaodong] Henry Jackson Fdn Mil Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Sun, PF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Peifang.sun@med.navy.mil FU U.S. Navy [6000.RAD1.S.A0312] FX This work was supported by U.S. Navy work unit number 6000.RAD1.S.A0312. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 2011 VL 173 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.01.023 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 767DV UT WOS:000290836400003 PM 21315764 ER PT J AU House, S Giles, T Whitcomb, J AF House, Sharon Giles, Tracey Whitcomb, John TI Benchmarking to the International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey SO JOURNAL OF WOUND OSTOMY AND CONTINENCE NURSING LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION PROGRAM; ACUTE-CARE; QUALITY AB PURPOSE: Authors and team members from the Naval Medical Center at Portsmouth (NMCP), Virginia, obtained data on the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers (PUs) in our agency and compared them to national benchmark data as a basis for improving our wound care protocols. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Health care facilities throughout the nation volunteered to participate in the data collection process for a multiday PU prevalence survey performed in February 2009, including NMCP. Each facility collected prevalence data during a preselected 24-hour period out of the 72-hour time frame selected by the national study. METHODS: A standardized 1-page data collection form for each subject included demographic data, use of wound care protocols and pressure redistribution surfaces, PU stage and location, risk assessment using the Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk, head-of-bed position, turning and repositioning, mobility, weight, incontinence, documentation of a PU within 24 hours of admission, device-related ulcers, and adequacy of documentation. Facility-specific data on a second form included Braden Scale score, bed type, use of pressure redistribution devices on the heels, hospital unit, turn schedule use, plastic brief use, presence of incontinence-associated dermatitis, and nursing documentation. Chart reviews were performed to determine hospital-versus non-hospital-acquired PU occurrence. Each PU was recorded separately and linked to its identifying stage. RESULTS: The PU incidence of adults managed in acute care inpatient units at NMCP was 6.6% and the prevalence was 10%. The most common location of facility-acquired PUs was the heels (50%). In contrast, national benchmarking data found that the highest incidence of PUs occurred in the sacral region. CONCLUSIONS: Benchmarking allows health care professionals to compare outcomes in their agencies to outcomes in comparable facilities. Identification of areas in which agency outcomes compare negatively to benchmark data should prompt implementation of quality improvement initiatives. National PU prevalence surveys provide a benchmark to evaluate an individual facility's care and treatment of patients at risk for pressure ulceration. The true benefit of participation in such surveys, however, is determined by local health care professionals' ability to use national data to improve clinical practice. C1 [House, Sharon] USN, Med Ctr, Nursing Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Whitcomb, John] Clemson Univ, Sch Nursing, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP House, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Nursing Serv, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Sharon.House@med.navy.mil NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-5754 J9 J WOUND OSTOMY CONT JI J. Wound Ostomy Cont. Nurs. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1097/WON.0b013e318215fa48 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 763LU UT WOS:000290559200006 PM 21483271 ER PT J AU Pond, JM AF Pond, Jeffrey M. TI MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY AT THE NRL SO MICROWAVE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pond, Jeffrey M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pond, Jeffrey M.] IMS, Washington, DC USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA SN 0192-6225 J9 MICROWAVE J JI Microw. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 74 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 764RQ UT WOS:000290650500010 ER PT J AU Gordis, JH Kwon, YW AF Gordis, Joshua H. Kwon, Young W. TI Frequency domain structural synthesis for quasi-static crack propagation: Global-local analysis SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Structural analysis; Structural synthesis; Global-local; Substructure coupling; Structural modification ID COMPOSITES AB Computational efficiencies of a general formulation for frequency domain structural synthesis are exploited in its development as a flexible framework for global-local static and dynamic analysis. Functioning either as a substructure coupling or structural modification procedure, a quasi-static crack propagation analysis is performed demonstrating both computational efficiency and ease in coupling a local analysis to a global finite element analysis. The two alternative algorithms, based on substructure coupling and structural modification, are compared, and are also compared to a traditional finite element solution, and experimental data. The synthesis-based algorithms are shown to significantly outperform the traditional finite element solution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gordis, Joshua H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Code Me Go Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kwon, Young W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Code Me Kw Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gordis, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Code Me Go Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jgordis@nps.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 89 IS 9-10 BP 762 EP 771 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.02.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 762UR UT WOS:000290507500006 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Landauer, MR Mog, SR Barshishat-Kupper, M Zins, SR Amare, MF Day, RM AF Davis, Thomas A. Landauer, Michael R. Mog, Steven R. Barshishat-Kupper, Michal Zins, Stephen R. Amare, Mihret F. Day, Regina M. TI Response to Moulder et al., "Re: Davis et al., 'Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation'" SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITORS; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; X-IRRADIATION; ANEMIA; MOUSE C1 [Barshishat-Kupper, Michal; Day, Regina M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Davis, Thomas A.; Zins, Stephen R.; Amare, Mihret F.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Landauer, Michael R.; Mog, Steven R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Day, RM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bldg C,Room 2023,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM rday@usuhs.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 39 IS 5 BP 522 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.02.007 PG 3 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 764BK UT WOS:000290603200003 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL O'Sullivani, DW AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning O'Sullivani, Daniel W. TI Assessing the Salting-Out Behavior of 2,4-Dinitrobenzaldehyde and 2,6-Dinitrobenzaldehyde from Solubility Values in Pure Water and Seawater at Temperatures between (280 and 313) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; NITROBENZENE; MUTAGENICITY; SEA AB The salting-out behavior of 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde (2,4-DNBA) and 2,6-dinitrobenzaldehyde (2,6-DNBA) was determined from solubility measurements in pure water and seawater with ionic strengths of (0.1662, 0.3352, 0.5071, and 0.6820) mol.kg(-1) at temperatures between (280 and 314) K. For both compounds tested, the solubility increased with increasing temperature. As the ionic strength of the solution increased, the solubility of the organic compounds decreased. The average salting-out coefficients for 2,4-DNBA and 2,6-DNBA were (0.12 and 0.10) kg.mol(-1), respectively, which are consistent with measurements for other nitroaromatic compounds. Over the temperature range examined, the salting-out coefficients did not vary significantly. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; O'Sullivani, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu; osulliva@usna.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER 2123] FX This work was sponsored in part by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER 2123). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY PY 2011 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2630 EP 2633 DI 10.1021/je200134q PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 761UT UT WOS:000290427200124 ER PT J AU Hampson, R MacMahan, J Kirby, JT AF Hampson, Robert MacMahan, Jamie Kirby, James T. TI A Low-Cost Hydrographic Kayak Surveying System SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Surveying; bathymetry; GPS; kayak ID CURRENTS AB HAMPSON, R.; MACMAHAN, J., and KIRBY, J.T., 2011. A low-cost hydrographic kayak surveying system. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 600-603. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A low-cost hydrographic kayak surveying system was developed and is described here. The kayak survey system is an extremely flexible surveying system; it can be easily deployed in the nearshore, small lakes, and in other small bodies of water where engine-equipped vessels are prohibited. The cost and complexity of the system are minimized by using a low-cost L1 handheld global positioning system (GPS) system, a smart 200 kHz echosounder that outputs a serial depth string, and a simple off-the-shelf serial data acquisition system. The vertical and horizontal errors of the handheld GPS system are evaluated with an inexpensive external L1 patch antenna and a more expensive, nonpatch L1 antenna, resulting in vertical root-mean-square errors of 11 and 2.5 cm, respectively. In addition, bathymetric measurements at Bethany Beach, Delaware, were obtained using the kayak surveying system and compared to a wading and boat survey yielding a root-mean-square error of 17 cm. The kayak surveying system provides an easily constructed, environmentally friendly, low-cost surveying alternative to conventional and personal water craft surveying systems. C1 [Hampson, Robert] Moffatt & Nichol, New York, NY 10018 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kirby, James T.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Hampson, R (reprint author), Moffatt & Nichol, 104 W 40th St,14th Floor, New York, NY 10018 USA. EM rhampson@moffattnichol.com FU Delaware Sea Grant College [SG0709 R/ETE-6] FX This work was supported by the Delaware Sea Grant College through projects SG0709 R/ETE-6. Michael Davidson and Doug Baker were instrumental in the design and construction of the kayak surveying system. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00108.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 764PY UT WOS:000290645600020 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI Mechanics of thermohaline interleaving: beyond the empirical flux laws SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE double diffusive convection; ocean processes; stratified flows ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE INTRUSIONS; STRATIFIED KOLMOGOROV FLOW; SALT FINGERS; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; COLLECTIVE INSTABILITY; HORIZONTAL GRADIENTS; SALINITY GRADIENT; EDDY VISCOSITY; BETA-PLANE; CONVECTION AB An analytical theory is developed which illustrates the dynamics of the spontaneous generation of thermohaline intrusions in the stratified ocean with density compensated lateral temperature and salinity gradients. Intrusions in the model are driven by the interaction with the initially homogeneous field of salt fingers, whose amplitude and spatial orientation is weakly modulated by the long wavelength perturbations introduced into the system. The asymptotic multiscale analysis makes it possible to identify intrusive instabilities resulting from the positive feedback of salt fingers on large-scale perturbations and analyse the resulting patterns. The novelty of the proposed analysis is related to our ability to avoid using empirical double-diffusive flux laws - an approach taken by earlier models. Instead, we base our analytical explorations directly on the governing (Navier-Stokes) equations of motion. The model predictions of the growth rates and preferred slopes of intrusions are in general agreement with the laboratory and field measurements. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0547650, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057, ANT 0944536] FX The author thanks N. Balmforth, J. Flanagan and reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (grants OCE 0547650, AST 0806431, CBET 0933057 and ANT 0944536) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 675 BP 117 EP 140 DI 10.1017/S0022112011000061 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 762PI UT WOS:000290491500005 ER PT J AU Wang, YS Chavko, M Weiss, T Adeeb, S Cho, T AF Wang, Yushan Chavko, Mikulas Weiss, Tracy Adeeb, Saleena Cho, Taesup TI BLAST-EXPOSURE-INDUCED GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR TRAFFICKING AND NEURODEGENERATION IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Neurotrauma Symposium (INTS) CY APR 27-30, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 Def R&D Canada Suffield, Suffield, AB, Canada. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD MAY PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5 BP A73 EP A73 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 762JI UT WOS:000290472100223 ER PT J AU Muller, J Allstadt, K Rennix, C Betts, L Krevonick, P Hammett, M AF Muller, John Allstadt, Karen Rennix, Christopher Betts, Lawrence Krevonick, Patricia Hammett, Mark TI An Investigation of Aircraft Worker Anemia: Medical Surveillance Interpretation in an Aging Workforce SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM; SERUM AB Objective: To identify exposures possibly contributing to anemia cases among hexavalent chromium medical surveillance program enrollees. Methods: An investigation encompassed metals surveillance programs, extensive workplace sampling and remediation, consultation, evaluation of laboratory accuracy, and follow-up of anemic individuals. Results: Workers had underlying medical conditions that affected surveillance results. There was a systemic error in classification based on hematocrit value. The prevalence of anemia in a workforce averaging 52 years old was 16%. Conclusions: Anemia may be more prevalent in middle-aged workers than expected. Modern laboratories generally report a calculated hematocrit value, and using hemoglobin for most classification purposes is preferred. Characteristics of a specific workforce, including age, health, hobbies, and diet, should be taken into account when interpreting medical surveillance program findings. The value of a team approach in addressing occupational health problems was demonstrated. C1 [Muller, John; Rennix, Christopher; Krevonick, Patricia; Hammett, Mark] Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Allstadt, Karen] Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Occupat Med Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Betts, Lawrence] USN, Poquoson, VA USA. [Betts, Lawrence] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Muller, J (reprint author), Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Cir,Ste 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM john.muller@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 53 IS 5 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318216d471 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 761WA UT WOS:000290430500013 PM 21494157 ER PT J AU Doucet, JJ Galarneau, MR Potenza, BM Bansal, V Lee, JG Schwartz, AK Dougherty, AL Dye, J Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P Fortlage, D Coimbra, R AF Doucet, Jay J. Galarneau, Michael R. Potenza, Bruce M. Bansal, Vishal Lee, Jeanne G. Schwartz, Alexandra K. Dougherty, Amber L. Dye, Judy Hollingsworth-Fridlund, Peggy Fortlage, Dale Coimbra, Raul TI Combat Versus Civilian Open Tibia Fractures: The Effect of Blast Mechanism on Limb Salvage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Combat injury; Combat casualty; Wounds; Military; Open fracture; Tibia fracture; MESS ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; EXTREMITY SEVERITY SCORE; EARLY AMPUTATION; TRAUMA; INJURIES AB Background: This study compares open tibia fractures in US Navy and US Marine Corps casualties from the current conflicts with those from a civilian Level I trauma center to analyze the effect of blast mechanism on limb-salvage rates. Methods: Data from the 28,646 records in the University of California San Diego Trauma Registry from 1985 to 2006 was compared with 2,282 records from the US Navy and US Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database for the period of March 2004 to August 2007. Injuries were categorized by Gustilo-Anderson (G-A) open fracture classification. Independent variables included age, gender, mechanism of injury including blast mechanisms, shock, blood loss, prehospital time, procedures, Injury Severity Score, length of stay, and Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). Dependent variables included early or late amputation and mortality. Results: The civilian group had 850 open tibia fractures with 45 amputations; the military group had 21 amputation patients (3 bilateral) in 115 open tibia fractures. Military group patients were more severely injured, more likely have hypotension, and had a higher amputation rate for G-A IIIB and IIIC fractures then civilian group patients. Blast mechanism was seen in the majority of military group patients and was rare in the civilian group. MESS scores had poor sensitivity (0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.64) in predicting the need for amputation in the civilian group; in the military group sensitivity was better (0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.85), but successful limb salvage was still possible in most cases with an MESS score of >= 7 when attempted. Conclusion: Despite current therapy, limb salvage for G-A IIIB and IIIC grades are significantly worse for open tibia fractures as a result of blast injury when compared with typical civilian mechanisms. MESS scores do not adequately predict likelihood of limb salvage in combat or civilian open tibia fractures. C1 [Doucet, Jay J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Galarneau, Michael R.; Dye, Judy] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Doucet, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Trauma Burns & Surg Crit Care, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM jdoucet@ucsd.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA [60332] FX Department of Defense support for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA 22203 under work unit 60332. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2011 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1247 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182095b52 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 762LQ UT WOS:000290480300053 PM 21610438 ER PT J AU Auker, CR McCarron, RM AF Auker, Charles R. McCarron, Richard M. TI US Navy Experience With Research on, and Development of, Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Army-Institute-of-Surgical-Research Prehospital Fluid Conference CY JAN 08-09, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP USArmy Inst Surg Res & Casual Care Res, US Army Med Res Mat Command ID TRAUMA; RESUSCITATION; MORTALITY; HBOC-201; SYSTEM; CARE C1 [Auker, Charles R.; McCarron, Richard M.] USN, Neurotrauma Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Auker, CR (reprint author), 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM charles.auker@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2011 VL 70 IS 5 SU S BP S40 EP S41 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31821a5a1e PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 762RU UT WOS:000290499200015 PM 21841570 ER PT J AU Whipple, KM Lombard, PN Oh, SR Korn, BS Kikkawa, DO AF Whipple, Katherine M. Lombard, Peter N. Oh, Sang Rog Korn, Bobby S. Kikkawa, Don O. TI Three Carcinomas in One Eyelid SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MERKEL CELL-CARCINOMA AB A 90-year-old woman presented with 2 masses on the right lower eyelid. Excisional biopsy revealed 1 lesion to be Merkel cell carcinoma and the other to be invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The patient also had a prior history of basal cell carcinoma in the same eyelid. This case emphasizes the importance of careful pathologic examination of all eyelid lesions regardless of previous history. C1 [Whipple, Katherine M.; Oh, Sang Rog; Korn, Bobby S.; Kikkawa, Don O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Ophthalmol, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Shiley Eye Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lombard, Peter N.] USN, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Whipple, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Ophthalmol, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Shiley Eye Ctr, 9415 Campus Point Dr,0946, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM whipplekatherine@yahoo.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP E54 EP E55 DI 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181e2fd19 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 762XH UT WOS:000290515000004 PM 20829731 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Floyd, L Ulrich, R Weaver, S McMullin, D AF Morrill, J. S. Floyd, L. Ulrich, R. Weaver, S. McMullin, D. TI Estimating the Mg ii Index from 1961 Through 1981 Using Ca ii K Images from the Mt Wilson Observatory SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar UV spectrum; Solar activity; Mg II index; Ca II K activity ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE AB An empirical model of solar UV spectral irradiance has been developed that is based on observed spectral radiance measurements and full disk Ca ii K images. The Mg ii index is then calculated from the estimated spectra in a narrow wavelength range (180 ) near the Mg ii doublet at 2800 . Our long term goal is to expand this wavelength range from 10 to 4000 in continuing studies based on spectral data covering this wavelength range (e.g. Skylab, UARS/SUSIM, TIMED/SEE, etc.). Our previous modeling effort produced spectra in this 180 range and the resulting Mg ii index values for the period from 1991 through 1995 and we have used observations during this time period to validate the model results. The current paper presents results from this model based on a 21-year portion of the recently digitized Ca ii K images from the Mt Wilson Observatory (MWO) film archive. Here we present details of the model, the required model modifications, and the resulting Mg ii index from 1961 through 1981. Since the NOAA Mg ii index did not begin until 1978, the present model results are compared to a Mg ii index estimated from the F-10.7 radio flux over this 21-year period. The NOAA Mg ii index, which is derived from measured UV spectra, is also included for comparison from late 1978 through 1981. C1 [Morrill, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Floyd, L.] Interferometrics, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Ulrich, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Weaver, S.] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; linton.floyd@nrl.navy.mil; donald.mcmulin@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH05AB56I, W-10136]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was sponsored by a NASA LWS grants, NNH05AB56I and W-10136, and the Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to thank R. Viereck and M. Snow for providing the NOAA and SORCE Mg II Index values and J. Lean for providing the BBSO images. The sunspot data were downloaded from the NOAA NGDC web site (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/solar/sunspotregionsdata.html). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 270 IS 1 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9724-7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762BN UT WOS:000290447400008 ER PT J AU Stemper, BD Tang, SJ Yoganandan, N Shender, BS Rao, RD AF Stemper, Brian D. Tang, Shu J. Yoganandan, Narayan Shender, Barry S. Rao, Raj D. TI Upright magnetic resonance imaging measurement of prevertebral soft tissue in the cervical spine of normal volunteers SO SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Prevertebral soft-tissue width; Magnetic resonance imaging; Radiographs; Upright ID NECK; RADIOGRAPHS; THICKNESS; INJURY; FUSION; TRAUMA AB BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Anteroposterior width of prevertebral soft tissues (PVSTs) in the cervical spine has long been considered a valuable radiographic measurement for evaluation of occult cervical spine pathology. These measurements, generally obtained from lateral radiographs of the cervical spine, have been used clinically as references for the evaluation of patients with traumatic, neoplastic, or other cervical spine disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a subtle delineation of the soft-tissue structures anterior to the vertebral column, with the potential for more accurate and sensitive determination of PVST width. Upright magnetic resonance images permit comparison with and validation of previously reported upright lateral radiographic measurements of PVST width. To our knowledge, evaluation of cervical spine PVST width using upright MRI has not been previously published in the English literature. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to validate lateral radiographic measurements of PVST width using upright weight-bearing MRI in healthy subjects and quantify effects of spinal level and gender. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study in asymptomatic volunteers. METHODS: Eleven male and eight female volunteers consented and were enrolled in the study. All volunteers were asymptomatic and had no history of cervical spine injury or degenerative disease. Prevertebral soft-tissue width was measured at each cervical level from C2 to C7 using upright weight-bearing MRI. Statistically significant differences in PVST width based on spinal level and gender were determined using two-factor analysis of variance. RESULTS: Width magnitudes were significantly dependent on gender (p<.0001) and spinal level (p<.0001). All C3 and C6 measurements were below the traditionally accepted values of 7 and 20 mm, respectively, that would be considered "abnormal." Prevertebral soft-tissue width was greater in men at upper and lower extents of the cervical spine. Prevertebral soft-tissue widths reported in the present study were similar in magnitude and level-by-level trends to measurements of asymptomatic volunteers obtained using lateral radiography. CONCLUSION: The present study validated the use of lateral radiography to measure PVST width, presented level-by-level and gender-specific normative data, and provided a weighted statistical analysis of differences between normal volunteers and injured patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Shu J.; Rao, Raj D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Rao, Raj D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Rao, RD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rrao@mcw.edu FU United States Department of Defense-Navy; United Stated Department of Defense-Army Medical Research Acquisition; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division [N00421-10-C-0049]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX Author disclosures: BDS: Nothing to disclose. SJT: Nothing to disclose. NY: Nothing to disclose. BSS: Nothing to disclose. RDR: Board of Directors: North American Spine Society (nonfinancial); Scientific Advisory Board: US Food and Drug Administration Scientific Advisory Panel on Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Devices (A); Grants: United States Department of Defense-Navy (G, Paid directly to institution/employer), United Stated Department of Defense-Army Medical Research Acquisition (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (F, Paid directly to institution/employer); Other: The Spine Journal (nonfinancial), Seminars in Spine Surgery (A).; This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Contract (N00421-10-C-0049) and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1529-9430 J9 SPINE J JI Spine Journal PD MAY PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.04.002 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 761KN UT WOS:000290396800009 PM 21558035 ER PT J AU Sandweiss, DA Slymen, DJ LeardMann, CA Smith, B White, MR Boyko, EJ Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Amoroso, PJ Smith, TC AF Sandweiss, Donald A. Slymen, Donald J. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa White, Martin R. Boyko, Edward J. Hooper, Tomoko I. Gackstetter, Gary D. Amoroso, Paul J. Smith, Tyler C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Preinjury Psychiatric Status, Injury Severity, and Postdeployment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; COMBAT TRAUMA REGISTRY; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY SERVICE; RISK-FACTORS; US MILITARY; PERCEIVED THREAT AB Context: Physical injury has been associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have retrospectively examined the relationship of preinjury psychiatric status and postinjury PTSD with conflicting results, but no prospective studies regarding this subject have been conducted, to our knowledge. Objective: To prospectively assess the relationship of predeployment psychiatric status and injury severity with postdeployment PTSD. Design: Prospective, longitudinal study. Setting: United States military personnel deployed in support of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Participants: United States service member participants in the Millennium Cohort Study who completed a baseline questionnaire (from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2003) and at least 1 follow-up questionnaire (from June 1, 2004, through February 14, 2006, and from May 15, 2007, through December 31, 2008) and who were deployed in the intervening period. Self-reported health information was used to prospectively examine the relationship between baseline psychiatric status and follow-up PTSD in injured and uninjured deployed individuals. Main Outcome Measures: A positive screening result using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Results: Of 22 630 eligible participants, 1840 (8.1%) screened positive for PTSD at follow-up, and 183 (0.8%) sustained a deployment-related physical injury that was documented in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry or the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. The odds of screening positive for PTSD symptoms were 2.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.01-3.16) times greater in those with 1 or more defined baseline mental health disorder and 16.1% (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.34) greater for every 3-unit increase in the Injury Severity Score. Irrespective of injury severity, self-reported preinjury psychiatric status was significantly associated with PTSD at follow-up. Conclusions: Baseline psychiatric status and deployment-related physical injuries were associated with screening positive for postdeployment PTSD. More vulnerable members of the deployed population might be identified and benefit from interventions targeted to prevent or to ensure early identification and treatment of postdeployment PTSD. C1 [Sandweiss, Donald A.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; White, Martin R.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil FU US Department of Defense; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System FX This work represents report 10-03, supported by the US Department of Defense, within work unit 60002. The work of Dr Boyko in this project was supported by the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System. NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 496 EP 504 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 757UY UT WOS:000290114500010 PM 21536979 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Melde, BJ Leska, IA Charles, PT Hewitt, AD AF Johnson, Brandy J. Melde, Brian J. Leska, Iwona A. Charles, Paul T. Hewitt, Alan D. TI Solid-phase extraction using hierarchical organosilicates for enhanced detection of nitroenergetic targets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NANOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; TNT DETECTION; TRACE LEVELS AB A novel porous organosilicate material was evaluated for application as a solid phase extraction sorbent for preconcentration of nitroenergetic targets from aqueous solution prior to HPLC analysis. The performance of the sorbent in spiked deionized water, groundwater, and surface water was evaluated. Targets considered included 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, RDX, HMX, and nitroglycerin. The sorbent was shown to provide improved performance over Sep-Pak RDX. The impact of complex matrices on target preconcentration by the sorbent was also found to be less dramatic than that observed for LiChrolut EN. The impact of changes in pH on target preconcentration was considered. Aqueous soil extracts generated from samples collected at sites of ordnance testing were also used to evaluate the materials. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of this novel sorbent for application as a solid phase extraction material for the preconcentration of nitroenergetic targets from aqueous solutions. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Melde, Brian J.; Leska, Iwona A.; Charles, Paul T.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leska, Iwona A.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Hewitt, Alan D.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil; iwona.leska.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 FU U.S. DoD [ER-1604] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; ER-1604). We applied the SDC approach ("sequence-determines-credit") for determining the sequence of authors.45 The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1409 DI 10.1039/c1em10034c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800030 PM 21409222 ER PT J AU Schmidli, J Billings, B Chow, FK de Wekker, SFJ Doyle, J Grubisic, V Holt, T Jiang, QF Lundquist, KA Sheridan, P Vosper, S Whiteman, CD Wyszogrodzki, AA Zangl, G AF Schmidli, Juerg Billings, Brian Chow, Fotini K. de Wekker, Stephan F. J. Doyle, James Grubisic, Vanda Holt, Teddy Jiang, Qiangfang Lundquist, Katherine A. Sheridan, Peter Vosper, Simon Whiteman, C. David Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej A. Zaengl, Guenther TI Intercomparison of Mesoscale Model Simulations of the Daytime Valley Wind System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER CHARACTERISTICS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; STEEP ALPINE VALLEY; PART I; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; CLOSURE-MODEL; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; TURBULENCE AB Three-dimensional simulations of the daytime thermally induced valley wind system for an idealized valley plain configuration, obtained from nine nonhydrostatic mesoscale models, are compared with special emphasis on the evolution of the along-valley wind. The models use the same initial and lateral boundary conditions, and standard parameterizations for turbulence, radiation, and land surface processes. The evolution of the mean along-valley wind (averaged over the valley cross section) is similar for all models, except for a time shift between individual models of up to 2 h and slight differences in the speed of the evolution. The analysis suggests that these differences are primarily due to differences in the simulated surface energy balance such as the dependence of the sensible heat flux on surface wind speed. Additional sensitivity experiments indicate that the evolution of the mean along-valley flow is largely independent of the choice of the dynamical core and of the turbulence parameterization scheme. The latter does, however, have a significant influence on the vertical structure of the boundary layer and of the along-valley wind. Thus, this ideal case may be useful for testing and evaluation of mesoscale numerical models with respect to land surface atmosphere interactions and turbulence parameterizations. C1 [Schmidli, Juerg] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Schmidli, Juerg; Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Billings, Brian; Doyle, James; Holt, Teddy; Jiang, Qiangfang] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Billings, Brian; Grubisic, Vanda] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Chow, Fotini K.; Lundquist, Katherine A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Grubisic, Vanda] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. [Sheridan, Peter; Vosper, Simon] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Whiteman, C. David] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Zaengl, Guenther] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. RP Schmidli, J (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jschmidli@env.ethz.ch RI Schmidli, Juerg/G-9282-2012; Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej/M-1772-2014; OI Schmidli, Juerg/0000-0002-6322-6512; De Wekker, Stephan/0000-0002-6343-854X FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PA002-111427]; Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma; NSF [ATM-06545784, ATM-0524891, ATM-0444205, ATM-0521776, ATM-0837870]; NSF MRI [CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, CNS-0420985]; ONR [PE 0601153N]; National Center for Academic Research, the University of Colorado; IBM Shared University Research (SUR); Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX The first author acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant PA002-111427 and the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, for access to and support of the ARPS model. Several of the authors acknowledge NSF Grants ATM-06545784 (Chow), ATM-0524891 (Grubisic), ATM-0524891 (Jiang), ATM-0444205 (Schmidli), ATM-0521776 and ATM-0837870 (Whiteman); NSF MRI Grants CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, and CNS-0420985 (Wyszogrodzki); and ONR Grants PE 0601153N (Doyle and Holt). EULAG's computer time was supported in part by NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Academic Research, the University of Colorado, and a grant from the IBM Shared University Research (SUR) program. COAMPS(r) is a registered trademark of NRL. Computational resources for the COAMPSv4 simulations were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1409 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3523.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Marks, FD Montgomery, MT Lorsolo, S AF Zhang, Jun A. Marks, Frank D. Montgomery, Michael T. Lorsolo, Sylvie TI An Estimation of Turbulent Characteristics in the Low-Level Region of Intense Hurricanes Allen (1980) and Hugo (1989) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART I; INNER-CORE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; ISABEL 2003 AB This study analyzes the flight-level data collected by research aircraft that penetrated the eyewalls of category 5 Hurricane Hugo (1989) and category 4 Hurricane Allen (1980) between 1 km and the sea surface. Estimates of turbulent momentum flux, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and vertical eddy diffusivity are obtained before and during the eyewall penetrations. Spatial scales of turbulent eddies are determined through a spectral analysis. The turbulence parameters estimated for the eyewall penetration leg are found to be nearly an order of magnitude larger than those for the leg outside the eyewall at similar altitudes. In the low-level intense eyewall region, the horizontal length scale of the dominant turbulent eddies is found to be between 500 and 3000 m, and the corresponding vertical length scale is approximately 100 m. The results suggest also that it is unwise to include eyewall vorticity maxima (EVM) in the turbulence parameter estimation because the EVMs are likely to be quasi-two-dimensional vortex structures that are embedded within the three-dimensional turbulence on the inside edge of the eyewall. This study is a first attempt at estimating the characteristics of turbulent flow in the low-level troposphere of an intense eyewall using in situ aircraft observations. The authors believe that the results can offer useful guidance in numerical weather prediction efforts aimed at improving the forecast of hurricane intensity. Because of the small sample size analyzed in this study, further analyses of the turbulent characteristics in the high-wind region of hurricanes are imperative. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Marks, Frank D.; Montgomery, Michael T.; Lorsolo, Sylvie] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU NOAA; National Research Council; ONR; Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX This work was supported through NOAA HFIP program. JZ also acknowledges the support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Award. MTM acknowledges support by NOAA, ONR, and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We appreciate comments from Roger Smith, Mark Powell, and Joe Cione that have helped improve both thought and presentation. We also thank Mark Donelan and William Drennan for constructive suggestions. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their substantive comments. NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3435.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000009 ER PT J AU Justin, G Nasir, M Ligler, FS AF Justin, Gusphyl Nasir, Mansoor Ligler, Frances S. TI Hydrodynamic and electrical considerations in the design of a four-electrode impedance-based microfluidic device SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic focusing; Impedance spectroscopy; Nyquist plot; Bode impedance; Bode phase; Microfluidics ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES; SPECTROSCOPY; FLOW; SENSOR; CELLS; CHIP AB A four-electrode impedance-based microfluidic device has been designed with tunable sensitivity for future applications to the detection of pathogens and functionalized microparticles specifically bound to molecular recognition molecules on the surface of a microfluidic channel. In order to achieve tunable sensitivity, hydrodynamic focusing was employed to confine the electric current by simultaneous introduction of two fluids (high- and low-conductivity solutions) into a microchannel at variable flow-rate ratios. By increasing the volumetric flow rate of the low-conductivity solution (sheath fluid) relative to the high-conductivity solution (sample fluid), increased focusing of the high-conductivity solution over four coplanar electrodes was achieved, thereby confining the current during impedance interrogation. The hydrodynamic and electrical properties of the device were analyzed for optimization and to resolve issues that would impact sensitivity and reproducibility in subsequent biosensor applications. These include variability in the relative flow rates of the sheath and sample fluids, changes in microchannel dimensions, and ionic concentration of the sample fluid. A comparative analysis of impedance measurements using four-electrode versus two-electrode configurations for impedance measurements also highlighted the advantages of using four electrodes for portable sensor applications. C1 [Justin, Gusphyl; Nasir, Mansoor; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors would like to thank Lisa Shriver-Lake, Lenny Tender, Rachel Snider, Brett Martin, Scott Trammell, Walter Dressick, and Christopher Spillmann at the Naval Research Laboratory for their suggestions in this manuscript. Gusphyl Justin and Mansoor Nasir were National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellows. The research was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The views are those of the authors and do not reflect opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 400 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1358 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-4872-z PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 753PQ UT WOS:000289792400015 PM 21448604 ER PT J AU Simon, JK Maciel, M Weld, ED Wahid, R Pasetti, MF Picking, WL Kotloff, KL Levine, MM Sztein, MB AF Simon, J. K. Maciel, M., Jr. Weld, E. D. Wahid, R. Pasetti, M. F. Picking, W. L. Kotloff, K. L. Levine, M. M. Sztein, M. B. TI Antigen-specific IgA B memory cell responses to Shigella antigens elicited in volunteers immunized with live attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a oral vaccine candidates SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Shigella; B cell memory; Immunoglobulin A; IgA; Mucosal immunity ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; INFECTION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; NEEDLE; HUMANS; LONG; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; IMMUNOGENICITY AB We studied the induction of antigen-specific IgA memory B cells (B(M)) in volunteers who received live attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a vaccines. Subjects ingested a single oral dose of 10(7), 10(8) or 10(9) CFU of S. flexneri 2a with deletions in guaBA (CVD 1204) or in guaBA, set and sen (CVD 1208). Antigen-specific serum and stool antibody responses to LPS and Ipa B were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42. IgA B(M) cells specific to LPS, Ipa B and total IgA were assessed on days 0 and 28. We show the induction of significant LPS-specific IgA B(M) cells in anti-LPS IgA seroresponders. Positive correlations were found between anti-LPS IgA B(M) cells and anti-LPS IgA in serum and stool; IgA B(M) cell responses to IpaB were also observed. These B(M) cell responses are likely play an important role in modulating the magnitude and longevity of the humoral response. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Simon, J. K.; Maciel, M., Jr.; Weld, E. D.; Wahid, R.; Pasetti, M. F.; Kotloff, K. L.; Levine, M. M.; Sztein, M. B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Simon, J. K.; Weld, E. D.; Kotloff, K. L.; Levine, M. M.; Sztein, M. B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geog Med,Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Simon, J. K.] NanoBio Corp, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Maciel, M., Jr.] USN, Med Res Ctr, ETEC Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Picking, W. L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Sztein, MB (reprint author), 685 W Baltimore St,Suite 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM msztein@medicine.umaryland.edu RI kotloff, karen/E-7768-2012 OI kotloff, karen/0000-0003-1808-6431 FU NIH [R01-AI057927, U19-AI-082655, K23-AI065759, N01-AI25461(VTEU)] FX We thank the volunteers for participating in the clinical trial, the clinical and regulatory staff at the CVD, Drs. William Blackwelder and Yhukun Wu for helpful statistical discussions, and Dr. S. Crotty for providing PWM. Support for this research was provided by NIH R01-A1057927 (to M.B.S.), U19-AI-082655 (CCHI; to M.B.S.), K23-A1065759 (to J.S.) and N01-Al25461 (VTEU, to M.M.L). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the NIH. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2011.02.003 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 757CY UT WOS:000290063100011 PM 21388888 ER PT J AU Moawad, FJ Maydonovitch, CL Veerappan, GR Bassett, JT Lake, JM Wong, RKH AF Moawad, Fouad J. Maydonovitch, Corinne L. Veerappan, Ganesh R. Bassett, John T. Lake, Jason M. Wong, Roy K. H. TI Esophageal Motor Disorders in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Eosinophilic esophagitis; Esophageal dysmotility; Esophageal motor disorders; Dysphagia ID DYSPHAGIA; CHILDREN; DYSMOTILITY; ACHALASIA; MANOMETRY AB An association between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and esophageal motility disorders has been described in small studies. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of esophageal motor disorders in a large cohort of adults with EoE and examine whether an association exists between esophageal dysmotility and dysphagia. A retrospective review of esophageal manometry studies in adult EoE patients was performed. Tracings were reviewed for abnormalities including nutcracker esophagus and ineffective swallows, defined as low amplitude peristalsis (< 30 mmHg) or non-propagating contractions. Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) was categorized as mild (30-40% ineffective swallows), moderate (50-60% ineffective swallows), and severe (a parts per thousand yen70% ineffective swallows). Dysphagia was graded on a 0-3 scale for frequency and severity. Seventy-five tracings from EoE patients were reviewed (85% male, mean age 41 +/- A 12 years). IEM was identified in 25 patients and categorized as mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 6), and severe (n = 6). Nutcracker esophagus was found in three patients. There was no significant difference in eosinophil count among the motility groups: normal 46.5 +/- A 3.1, mild IEM 56.9 +/- A 36.9, moderate IEM 45.5 +/- A 23.7, severe IEM 34.3 +/- A 12.6 (P = 0.157). In this cohort of EoE patients, the majority had normal esophageal motility studies, although a subset of these patients had some esophageal dysmotility. It is unlikely that esophageal dysmotility is a major contributing factor to dysphagia, although it is reasonable to consider esophageal manometry testing in EoE patients to identify potential abnormalities of the smooth muscle esophagus. C1 [Moawad, Fouad J.; Maydonovitch, Corinne L.; Veerappan, Ganesh R.; Lake, Jason M.; Wong, Roy K. H.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Moawad, Fouad J.; Veerappan, Ganesh R.; Lake, Jason M.; Wong, Roy K. H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bassett, John T.] USN Hosp, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Moawad, FJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Fouad.Moawad@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1431 DI 10.1007/s10620-011-1655-5 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 755AO UT WOS:000289899200023 PM 21416245 ER PT J AU Lytle, JC Wallace, JM Sassin, MB Barrow, AJ Long, JW Dysart, JL Renninger, CH Saunders, MP Brandell, NL Rolison, DR AF Lytle, Justin C. Wallace, Jean Marie Sassin, Megan B. Barrow, Amanda J. Long, Jeffrey W. Dysart, Jennifer L. Renninger, Christopher H. Saunders, Matthew P. Brandell, Natalie L. Rolison, Debra R. TI The right kind of interior for multifunctional electrode architectures: carbon nanofoam papers with aperiodic submicrometre pore networks interconnected in 3D SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE AEROGELS; PEM FUEL-CELLS; MACROPOROUS CARBON; NANOARCHITECTURES; MONOLITHS; DEPOSITION; BATTERIES; STORAGE; FOAMS; SUPERCAPACITORS AB Carbon nanoarchitectures are versatile platforms for advanced electrode structures in which the carbon edifice serves multiple simultaneous functions: a massively parallel 3-D current collector with an interpenetrating structural flow field that facilitates the efficient transport of electrons, ions, and molecules throughout the structure for further functionalization or high-performance electrochemical operation. We fabricate carbon nanofoam papers by infiltrating commercially available low-density carbon fiber papers with phenolic resin. The polymer-filled paper is ambiently dried and then pyrolyzed to create lightweight, mechanically flexible, and electronically conductive sheets of ultraporous carbon with an electronic conductivity characteristic of the paper support (20-200 S cm(-1)) rather than RF-derived carbon (typically 0.1-1 S cm(-1)). The resulting composites comprise nanoscopic carbon walls that are co-continuous with an aperiodic, 3-D interconnected network of mesopores (2 to 50 nm) and macropores (50 nm to 2 mu m). Macropores sized at 100-300 nm have not been adequately explored in the literature and offer ample headspace to modify internal carbon walls, thereby introducing new functionality without occluding the interconnected void volume of the nanofoam. Increasing the viscosity of the polymer sol and matching the surface energetics of the carbon fibers and aqueous sol is necessary to avoid forming a standard carbon aerogel pore-solid structure, where the pores are sized in the micropore (<2 nm) and mesopore range. Carbon nanofoam papers can be scaled in x, y, and z and are device-ready electrode structures that do not require conductive additives or polymeric binders for electrode fabrication. This one class of nanofoams serves as a high-surface-area scaffold that can be segued by appropriate modification into multifunctional nanoarchitectures that improve the performance of electrochemical capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and ultrafiltration. C1 [Lytle, Justin C.; Wallace, Jean Marie; Sassin, Megan B.; Barrow, Amanda J.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Dysart, Jennifer L.; Renninger, Christopher H.; Saunders, Matthew P.; Brandell, Natalie L.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lytle, Justin C.] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Chem, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. RP Lytle, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. J.C.L. was an ASEE postdoctoral associate (2007-2008) and M. B. S. was an NRC postdoctoral associate (2008-2010). J.M.W is a contract scientist at the NRL with Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, VA, USA. A.J.B (Union College), J.L.D. (George Mason University), M. P. S. (Alfred University) and N.L.B. (Carnegie Mellon University) were STEP undergraduate science aides at the NRL. C. H. R. was a Trident Scholar (U. S. Naval Academy). The authors thank Dr Christopher N. Chervin (NRL) for processing selected porosimetry data. NR 67 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 11 U2 125 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1913 EP 1925 DI 10.1039/c0ee00351d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 756CR UT WOS:000289989800045 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Burrage, DM Wang, DW Wesson, JC AF Hwang, Paul A. Burrage, Derek M. Wang, David W. Wesson, Joel C. TI An Advanced Roughness Spectrum for Computing Microwave L-Band Emissivity in Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Microwave emissivity; normalized radar cross section (NRCS); ocean surface roughness spectrum; sea surface salinity (SSS) ID POLARIMETRIC THERMAL EMISSION; MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; OCEAN; WAVES; MODEL; MISSION; RADAR AB The influence of sea surface roughness dominates the error budget of satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval from L-band radiometers; thus, accurate roughness correction models are needed. Semi-analytical SSS correction models, as used in the soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite Level 2 processor, combine an emissivity model with an ocean wave spectrum model that describes the rough sea surface. Previous findings indicate that the errors contributed by ocean roughness model exceed those of the emissivity model. In this paper, we compare the performance of three well-known spectrum models and a new one as inputs to the small slope approximation/small perturbation method emissivity model. The new spectrum model, which is developed from empirical parameterization of short water wave spectra measured in the ocean and incorporates swell effects, performs very well in comparison with the other spectrum models, and we propose its consideration for future SSS roughness correction models. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burrage, Derek M.; Wang, David W.; Wesson, Joel C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; burrage@nrlssc.navy.mil; david.wang@nrlssc.navy.mil; wesson@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [NRL/JA/7260-10-0312] FX Manuscript received September 16, 2010; revised October 20, 2010; accepted November 3, 2010. Date of publication December 16, 2010; date of current version April 22, 2011. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Sea Surface Roughness Impacts on Microwave Sea Surface Salinity Measurements research program under the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) program element 61153N, NRL contribution NRL/JA/7260-10-0312. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2091393 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 755AM UT WOS:000289899000033 ER PT J AU Ali, A Madan, H Misra, R Agrawal, A Schiffer, P Boos, JB Bennett, BR Datta, S AF Ali, Ashkar Madan, Himanshu Misra, Rajiv Agrawal, Ashish Schiffer, Peter Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Datta, Suman TI Experimental Determination of Quantum and Centroid Capacitance in Arsenide-Antimonide Quantum-Well MOSFETs Incorporating Nonparabolicity Effect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Effective mass; high-kappa dielectric; InAsSb; interface states; nonparabolicity; quantum capacitance; split capacitance-voltage ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFECTIVE-MASS; DEVICES AB Experimental gate capacitance (C-g) versus gate voltage data for InAs0.8Sb0.2 quantum-well MOSFET (QW-MOSFET) is analyzed using a physics-based analytical model to obtain the quantum capacitance (C-Q) and centroid capacitance (C-cent). The nonparabolic electronic band structure of the InAs0.8Sb0.2 QW is incorporated in the model. The effective mass extracted from Shubnikov-de Haas magnetotransport measurements is in excellent agreement with that extracted from capacitance measurements. Our analysis confirms that in the operational range of InAs0.8Sb0.2 QW-MOSFETs, quantization and nonparabolicity in the QW enhance C-Q and C-cent. Our quantitative model also provides an accurate estimate of the various contributing factors toward C-g scaling in future arsenide-antimonide MOSFETs. C1 [Ali, Ashkar; Madan, Himanshu; Misra, Rajiv; Agrawal, Ashish; Schiffer, Peter; Datta, Suman] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ashkar.ali@psu.edu; himanshu@psu.edu; rxm74@psu.edu; axa981@psu.edu; pes12@psu.edu; boos@nrl.navy.mil; brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil; sdatta@engr.psu.edu RI Misra, Rajiv/D-3575-2011; Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Ali, Ashkar/C-5065-2013; OI Misra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1572-1922; Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 FU Semiconductor Research Corporation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers [DMR 0820404] FX This work was supported in part by the Focus Center Research Program for Materials, Structures, and Devices sponsored by the Semiconductor Research Corporation and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and in part by the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers under Grant DMR 0820404. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor G. Ghione. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1109/TED.2011.2110652 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 755RB UT WOS:000289952800016 ER PT J AU Cameron, WL Rais, H AF Cameron, William L. Rais, Houra TI Derivation of a Signed Cameron Decomposition Asymmetry Parameter and Relationship of Cameron to Huynen Decomposition Parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Asymmetry; coherent; conjugate projection; helicity; isotropic target; linear target; polarization; polarization fork; scattering matrix decomposition ID POLARIMETRIC SAR; SCATTERERS; TERMS AB An alternate definition of the asymmetry parameter tau, appearing in the Cameron decomposition is presented. The new definition is signed as tau(s), but in absolute value, it is equivalent to the previous definition. The Cameron decomposition signed asymmetry parameter tau(s) is given in terms of the Huynen decomposition parameters, including but not limited to the Huynen helicity (asymmetry) parameter. It is demonstrated that the Huynen decomposition asymmetry parameter is a poor indicator of scatterer symmetry. The relationship between the Cameron and Huynen decomposition parameters is examined for special cases. C1 [Rais, Houra] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM williamcameron1@comcast.net; houra.rais@navy.mil FU Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1677 EP 1688 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2090529 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 755DF UT WOS:000289906200016 ER PT J AU Wang, YT Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Wang, Yanting Ainsworth, Thomas L. Lee, Jong-Sen TI Assessment of System Polarization Quality for Polarimetric SAR Imagery and Target Decomposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); system analysis and design; target decomposition ID SCATTERING MODEL; CALIBRATION AB The quality of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery and its polarimetric decompositions depends on the accuracy of polarimetric observations of the SAR system and its calibration. Polarization distortions on the polarimetric measurement can be incurred due to nonideal system polarization quality and propagation factors, such as channel imbalance, crosstalk, and Faraday rotation at lower frequencies. All these distortions have varying impacts on different target types as well as different decomposition methods. In this paper, we assess the polarization quality of the PolSAR system in the context of polarimetric imagery analysis and quantify the various effects of polarization distortions on polarization target decompositions. A generic metric is defined to measure the polarization purity of the system. Considering the fact that target decomposition plays an important role in imagery analysis, we apply several widely used decomposition methods to showcase the polarimetric system requirement based on the defined metric. We demonstrate that this metric can be used for radar system design and polarimetric data calibration. C1 [Wang, Yanting] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Lee, Jong-Sen] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YT (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM yanting.wang.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil; jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1771 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2087342 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 755DF UT WOS:000289906200022 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME Burton, RM AF Nissen, Mark E. Burton, Richard M. TI Designing Organizations for Dynamic Fit: System Stability, Maneuverability, and Opportunity Loss SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE Contingency Theory; dynamics; engineering; fit; organizational design ID PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM; CONTINGENCY THEORY; STRATEGIC CHANGE; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; EQUIFINALITY; TECHNOLOGY; WORK; HYPERCOMPETITION; TRANSFORMATION AB Fit represents a central concept for organizational design, but extant research maintains a static focus on fit, a focus that is incommensurate with the fundamentally dynamic nature of organizations and their environments. Most key organizational environments are inherently dynamic; hence, the corresponding organizational designs required for fit are necessarily dynamic too. The problem is, the dynamics of fit are not addressed well by extant theory in organization and management sciences. Alternatively, organizations can be viewed as systems of purposeful design, and designing organizations to maintain fit and respond to dynamic environments over time may be informed well by theory and practice in engineering fields where such design is well established. In this paper, we abstract to the level of airplane design, and we utilize the dynamical language and integrated system of concepts, definitions, and interrelationships from the engineering field Aerodynamics to extend organization and management sciences and address the problem of organizational design in a dynamic context. We begin with a focused summary of the literature regarding the nature of organizational fitness. We then outline a conceptual model adapted to organizational design from Aerodynamics, and we summarize the key aerodynamics concepts stability and maneuverability to inform our conceptualization in terms of both airplane and organization design. This paper enables us to articulate a set of propositions and measures that form a basis for empirical testing. This paper also reveals important, dynamic organizational design tradeoffs and implications, and it shows how such conceptualization can elucidate new insights via comparison with and extension to extant theory. C1 [Nissen, Mark E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Burton, Richard M.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM MNissen@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration FX Manuscript received August 28, 2009; revised February 3, 2010 and July 8, 2010; accepted August 30, 2010. Date of publication November 28, 2010; date of current version April 15, 2011. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration through its Command and Control Research Program. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor M. Mora. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 418 EP 433 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2084569 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 754GQ UT WOS:000289843500004 ER PT J AU Poly, F Serichatalergs, O Schulman, M Ju, J Cates, CN Kanipes, M Mason, C Guerry, P AF Poly, Frederic Serichatalergs, Oralak Schulman, Marc Ju, Jennifer Cates, Cory N. Kanipes, Margaret Mason, Carl Guerry, Patricia TI Discrimination of Major Capsular Types of Campylobacter jejuni by Multiplex PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; GENOME SEQUENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE; SEROTYPES; OUTBREAK; INVASIVENESS; MUTAGENESIS AB The polysaccharide capsule (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is the major serodeterminant of the Penner serotyping scheme. There are 47 Penner serotypes of C. jejuni, 22 of which fall into complexes of related serotypes. A multiplex PCR method for determination of capsule types of Campylobacter jejuni which is simpler and more affordable than classical Penner typing was developed. Primers specific for each capsule type were designed on the basis of a database of gene sequences from the variable capsule loci of 8 strains of major serotypes sequenced in this study and 10 published sequences of other serotypes. DNA sequence analysis revealed a mosaic nature of the capsule loci, suggesting reassortment of genes by horizontal transfer, and demonstrated a high degree of conservation of genes within Penner complexes. The multiplex PCR can distinguish 17 individual serotypes in two PCRs with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 90 to 100% using 244 strains of known Penner type. C1 [Guerry, Patricia] USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Serichatalergs, Oralak; Mason, Carl] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Cates, Cory N.; Kanipes, Margaret] N Carolina Agr & Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM patricia.guerry@med.navy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 FU U.S. Naval Medical Research and Development Command Work Unit [6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308] FX This work was supported by U.S. Naval Medical Research and Development Command Work Unit 6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1750 EP 1757 DI 10.1128/JCM.02348-10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 755OA UT WOS:000289941000008 PM 21411576 ER PT J AU Vyas, K Hospenthal, DR Mende, K Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Vyas, Kartavya Hospenthal, Duane R. Mende, Katrin Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Recurrent Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in an HIV-Infected Person SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RISK-FACTORS; NASAL CARRIAGE; COLONIZATION; SKIN; COHORT; MRSA; SEX; MEN AB HIV-infected persons are at heightened risk for recurrent community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections, but there are limited data regarding the molecular characterization of these events. We describe an HIV-infected patient with 24 soft tissue infections and multiple colonization events. Molecular genotyping from 33 nonduplicate isolates showed all strains were USA300, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) positive, and genetically related. C1 [Vyas, Kartavya; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Vyas, Kartavya; Hospenthal, Duane R.; Mende, Katrin; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hospenthal, Duane R.; Mende, Katrin] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP); Department of Defense (DoD); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2053 DI 10.1128/JCM.02423-10 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 755OA UT WOS:000289941000063 PM 21389153 ER PT J AU Martin, TC Careskey, JM Harle, H Rose, S Goodkin, HP Dawson, R Hansen, S AF Martin, Thomas C. Careskey, Joshua M. Harle, Heather Rose, Sean Goodkin, Howard P. Dawson, Rachel Hansen, Shana TI Case 1: Abdominal Pain and Coffee Ground Emesis in a 9-year-old Boy Case 2: Vomiting, Headache, and Seizures in a 7-year-old Boy Case 3: Primary Amenorrhea in a 15-year-old Girl SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Martin, Thomas C.; Careskey, Joshua M.] Eastern Maine Med Ctr Bangor, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Harle, Heather] Ft Sam Houston Primary Care Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Rose, Sean] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Harle, Heather; Rose, Sean; Goodkin, Howard P.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Martin, TC (reprint author), Eastern Maine Med Ctr Bangor, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 209 EP U67 DI 10.1542/pir.32-5-209 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 757NP UT WOS:000290094600007 PM 21536781 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Goljahi, S Dong, W Wu, T Finkel, P Sahul, R Snook, K Luo, J Hackenberger, W Lynch, CS AF Zhao, P. Goljahi, S. Dong, W. Wu, T. Finkel, P. Sahul, R. Snook, K. Luo, J. Hackenberger, W. Lynch, C. S. TI The strength of PIN-PMN-PT single crystals under bending with a longitudinal electric field SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; FERROELECTRIC PMN-32-PERCENT-PT CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS; CERAMICS; PZT; BATIO3 AB The effect of an electric field on the bending behavior of [001] oriented and poled relaxor Pb(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals was measured using a four point bending apparatus with a longitudinal electric field applied to the bar during bending. The surface finish and electric field amplitude were observed to affect the bending strength. Polished surfaces improve the tensile strength, while also polishing the edges resulted in a significantly larger increase in strength. Application of a DC electric field in the polarization direction during the tests reduced the strength. The four point bending apparatus also produces both tensile and compressive stress-strain curves for the material. Uniaxial compressive loading with an electric field in the [001] direction was carried out to compare the stress versus strain behavior measured in bending with that measured in uniaxial compression. Although the uniaxial compression behavior displays effects of a rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase transformation, this behavior is not observed on the compressive side in the bend bars. C1 [Zhao, P.; Goljahi, S.; Dong, W.; Wu, T.; Lynch, C. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Finkel, P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Sahul, R.; Snook, K.; Luo, J.; Hackenberger, W.] TRS Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Wu, Tao/C-2350-2008; zhao, ping/H-8843-2012; Lynch, Christopher/A-9886-2013 OI Wu, Tao/0000-0003-1563-2994; Lynch, Christopher/0000-0001-9989-7097 FU TRS Technologies; US Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-09-C-0488] FX The authors would like to thank TRS Technologies for supporting this work through an SBIR from the US Office of Naval Research (ONR), grant N00014-09-C-0488. PF would also like to acknowledge full support by ONR. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 AR 055006 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/20/5/055006 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 755YJ UT WOS:000289977100006 ER PT J AU Min, M Wang, PC Campbell, JR Zong, XM Xia, JR AF Min Min Wang Pucai Campbell, James R. Zong Xuemei Xia Junrong TI Cirrus Cloud Macrophysical and Optical Properties over North China from CALIOP Measurements SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cirrus cloud; spaceborne-lidar; optical depth ID CALIPSO LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TROPICAL CIRRUS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIRAD OBSERVATIONS; PART II; MIDLATITUDE; CLIMATE; MISSION; DEPOLARIZATION AB Two years of mid-latitude cirrus cloud macrophysical and optical properties over North China are described from Earth-orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite measurements. Global cloud climatological studies based on active remote sensing data sets benefit from more accurate resolution of vertical structure and more reliable detection of optically thin layers. The mean values for cirrus cases over North China are 0.19 +/- 0.18 for infrared emittance, 0.41 +/- 0.68 for visible optical depth, 0.26 +/- 0.12 for integrated depolarization ratio, and 0.72 +/- 0.22 for integrated color ratio. When studied using reasonable assumptions for the relationship between extinction and ice crystal backscatter coefficients, our results show that most of the cirrus clouds profiled using the 0.532 mu m channel data stream correspond with an optical depth of less than 1.0. The dependence of cirrus cloud properties on cirrus cloud mid-cloud temperature and geometry thickness are generally similar to the results derived from the ground-based lidar, which are mainly impacted by the adiabatic process on the ice cloud content. However, the differences in macrophysical parameter variability indicate the limits of spaceborne-lidar and dissimilarities in regional climate variability and the nature and source of cloud nuclei in different geographical regions. C1 [Min Min; Wang Pucai; Zong Xuemei; Xia Junrong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Obser, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Campbell, James R.] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Min, M (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, China Meteorol Adm LRCVES CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM minmin@cma.gov.cn RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875084, 40705012] FX The authors thank Gordon Labow (NASA Goddard) who provided many helpful ideas. The authors also thank Prof. XIA Xiangao who also provided many worthwhile suggestions. Author J. C. thanks Dr. Jeffrey Reid (Naval Research Laboratory) for his support. CALIOP and ISCCP data sets are both freely disseminated by the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center, and we acknowledge their assistance. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40875084) and National Natural Science Foundation for Youth Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40705012). NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s00376-010-0049-5 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751IG UT WOS:000289610100015 ER PT J AU Irvine, JH Schwarzbach, S AF Irvine, James H. Schwarzbach, Sandra TI The Top 20 (Plus 5) Technologies for the World Ahead SO FUTURIST LA English DT Article C1 [Irvine, James H.] USN, Revolut Mil Affairs Program, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA USA. RP Irvine, JH (reprint author), USN, Revolut Mil Affairs Program, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA USA. EM james.irvine@navy.mil; Sandra.schwarzbach@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD FUTURE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, STE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 16 EP 24 PG 9 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 747SW UT WOS:000289340900007 ER PT J AU Dew, N Read, S Sarasvathy, SD Wiltbank, R AF Dew, Nicholas Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras D. Wiltbank, Robert TI On the entrepreneurial genesis of new markets: effectual transformations versus causal search and selection SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Entrepreneurship; Transformation; Industrial dynamics; New market creation ID KNOWLEDGE; ECONOMICS; PATTERNS; MODEL; OPPORTUNITIES; INFORMATION; INNOVATION; DISCOVERY; GROWTH; EXPERT AB The generation of new markets is an emerging area of interest among researchers working in the traditions of evolutionary economics. And true to those traditions, the current study incorporates empirical evidence from psychology and cognitive science to develop micro-foundations for evolutionary theories of new market generation. In this paper we present an in-depth analysis of how expert entrepreneurs use effectual logic to conceptualize the creation of new markets. Our results challenge received wisdom based on search and selection processes and move beyond combinatorial ideas to develop instead a "transformational" view of market genesis. C1 [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Read, Stuart] IMD, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sarasvathy, Saras D.] Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Grad Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ndew@nps.edu; Stuart.Read@imd.ch; sarasvathys@darden.edu; Wiltbank@Willamette.edu NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0936-9937 J9 J EVOL ECON JI J. Evol. Econ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 231 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00191-010-0185-1 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 749DF UT WOS:000289441600002 ER PT J AU LaMere, MW Moquin, A Lee, FEH Misra, RS Blair, PJ Haynes, L Randall, TD Lund, FE Kaminski, DA AF LaMere, Mark W. Moquin, Amy Lee, F. Eun-Hyung Misra, Ravi S. Blair, Patrick J. Haynes, Laura Randall, Troy D. Lund, Frances E. Kaminski, Denise A. TI Regulation of Antinucleoprotein IgG by Systemic Vaccination and Its Effect on Influenza Virus Clearance SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RESPONSES; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; A VIRUS; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; RECOMBINANT NUCLEOPROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; LETHAL INFECTION AB Seasonal influenza epidemics recur due to antigenic drift of envelope glycoprotein antigens and immune evasion of circulating viruses. Additionally, antigenic shift can lead to influenza pandemics. Thus, a universal vaccine that protects against multiple influenza virus strains could alleviate the continuing impact of this virus on human health. In mice, accelerated clearance of a new viral strain (cross-protection) can be elicited by prior infection (heterosubtypic immunity) or by immunization with the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP). Both heterosubtypic immunity and NP-immune protection require antibody production. Here, we show that systemic immunization with NP readily accelerated clearance of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus isolate in an antibody-dependent manner. However, human immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (TIV) only rarely and modestly boosted existing levels of anti-NP IgG. Similar results were observed in mice, although the reaction could be enhanced with adjuvants, by adjusting the stoichiometry among NP and other vaccine components, and by increasing the interval between TIV prime and boost. Importantly, mouse heterosubtypic immunity that had waned over several months could be enhanced by injecting purified anti-NP IgG or by boosting with NP protein, correlating with a long-lived increase in anti-NP antibody titers. Thus, current immunization strategies poorly induce NP-immune antibody that is nonetheless capable of contributing to long-lived cross-protection. The high conservation of NP antigen and the known longevity of antibody responses suggest that the antiviral activity of anti-NP IgG may provide a critically needed component of a universal influenza vaccine. C1 [LaMere, Mark W.; Lee, F. Eun-Hyung; Misra, Ravi S.; Randall, Troy D.; Lund, Frances E.; Kaminski, Denise A.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Moquin, Amy; Haynes, Laura] Trudeau Inst, Saranac Lake, NY 12983 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Kaminski, DA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol & Rheumatol, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM denise_kaminski@urmc.rochester.edu FU NIH [AI079537]; Department of Defense [3222]; [AI61511]; [AI72689]; [AI68056-05S1]; [HHSN2662005500029C (N01-AI50029)]; [K23 AI67501-01A1]; [N01-AI-50020]; [R24 AO054953] FX This study was funded by NIH grant AI079537 (parent and ARRA supplement) to D. A. K.; grants AI61511 and AI72689 to T. D. R.; grant AI68056-05S1 to F. E. L.; and grants HHSN2662005500029C (N01-AI50029), K23 AI67501-01A1, N01-AI-50020, and R24 AO054953 to F.E.-H.L. and by House Resolution 3222 (Department of Defense funding) to L. H. NR 59 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 85 IS 10 BP 5027 EP 5035 DI 10.1128/JVI.00150-11 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 753NZ UT WOS:000289787300038 PM 21367900 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Kelton, ML Smith, B Littman, AJ Boyko, EJ Wells, TS Smith, TC AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Kelton, Molly L. Smith, Besa Littman, Alyson J. Boyko, Edward J. Wells, Timothy S. Smith, Tyler C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prospectively Assessed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Physical Activity SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; US MILITARY; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; WAR VETERANS; SELF-REPORTS; IRAQ WAR; SYMPTOMS; EXERCISE; DEPRESSION AB Objectives. We examined the association of physical activity with prospectively assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a military cohort. Methods. Using baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from a large prospective study of U.S. service members, we applied multivariable logistic regression to examine the adjusted odds of new-onset and persistent PTSD symptoms associated with light/moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and strength training at follow-up. Results. Of the 38,883 participants, 89.4% reported engaging in at least 30 minutes of physical activity per week. At follow-up, those who reported proportionately less physical activity were more likely to screen positive for PTSD. Vigorous physical activity had the most consistent relationship with PTSD. Those who reported at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity twice weekly had significantly decreased odds for new-onset (odds ratio (OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 0.70) and persistent (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.42, 0.83) PTSD symptoms. Conclusions. Engagement in physical activity, especially vigorous activity, is significantly associated with decreased odds of PTSD symptoms among U.S. service members. While further longitudinal research is necessary, a physical activity component may be valuable to PTSD treatment and prevention programs. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Kelton, Molly L.; Smith, Besa; Wells, Timothy S.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Littman, Alyson J.; Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Littman, Alyson J.; Boyko, Edward J.] Univ Washington, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; U.S. Department of Defense [60002]; Department of Veterans Affairs (VA); VA Pugent Sound FX The authors thank Scott L. Seggerman from the Management Information Division, U.S. Defense Manpower Data Center, Seaside, California; Michelle LeWark from NHRC; and all the professionals from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially, those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland. Finally, the authors appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland.; This study represents NHRC report 09-07, supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, under work unit. no. 60002. This article is based upon work supported in part by the Office of Research and Development Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). VA Pugent Sound provided support for Drs. Littman's and Boyko's participation in his research. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 126 IS 3 BP 371 EP 383 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752AJ UT WOS:000289659600011 PM 21553666 ER PT J AU Ballin, JS Ballin, KM Stallworth, AL AF Ballin, Jason S. Ballin, Katie M. Stallworth, Angela L. TI Polypoid Skin Nodule in the Postpartum Period SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ballin, Jason S.] USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Kingsville, TX USA. [Ballin, Katie M.] Corpus Christi Med Ctr Bay Area, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Stallworth, Angela L.] USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Ballin, JS (reprint author), USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Kingsville, TX USA. EM jason.ballin@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1091 EP 1092 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979ZR UT WOS:000306863900009 PM 21534523 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Kline, J Densham, GS AF Salmeron, Javier Kline, Jeffrey Densham, Greta Spitz TI Optimizing Schedules for Maritime Humanitarian Cooperative Engagements from a United States Navy Sea Base SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE humanitarian assistance; maritime routing and scheduling optimization ID OPTIMIZATION; PERSISTENCE AB This paper introduces Global Fleet Station Mission Planner (GFSMP), an optimization tool to aid in mission planning and the scheduling of humanitarian assistance missions for the US Navy. GFSMP helps fleet staffs to examine how one naval ship, which was deployed for an extended period (e. g., six months), with embarked teams can best provide humanitarian assistance. We illustrate the application of GFSMP using notional data from the fall 2007 Gulf of Guinea African Partnership Station demonstration, which the Commander, US Naval Forces Europe-Commander, Sixth Fleet developed, and by its use in the Trident Warrior 2009 exercise, which the Commander of the US Second Fleet conducted. In contrast to manual planning GFSMP's solutions significantly improve total mission value achieved and reduce costs. Equally important, GFSMP quickly provides decision makers with courses of action, including partial rescheduling of existing plans, in response to exigent changes. "Do good with what thou hast, or it will do thee no good." William Penn, American colonial leader (1644-1718) C1 [Salmeron, Javier; Kline, Jeffrey; Densham, Greta Spitz] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsalmero@nps.edu; jekline@nps.edu; greta.densham@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Warfare Development Command FX We thank the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Warfare Development Command for their support of this research. We also thank two anonymous referees and the associate editor for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 238 EP 253 DI 10.1287/inte.1100.0494 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 785RN UT WOS:000292246700003 ER PT J AU Coulthard, SL Downs, W AF Coulthard, Stacy Lauren Downs, Walter TI THE PAINTED SAILOR: TATTOO-INDUCED VASCULITIS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coulthard, Stacy Lauren; Downs, Walter] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 SU 1 BP S386 EP S387 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA V30JQ UT WOS:000208812702190 ER PT J AU Daly, P Zawacki, K Sumption, K AF Daly, Patrick Zawacki, Kevin Sumption, Kevin TI DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF EMBOLIC STROKE IN A PATIENT WITH PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND ATRIAL SEPTAL ANEURYSM SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daly, Patrick] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Norfolk, VA USA. [Zawacki, Kevin; Sumption, Kevin] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 SU 1 BP S550 EP S550 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA V30JQ UT WOS:000208812703220 ER PT J AU Daly, P Maguire, J AF Daly, Patrick Maguire, Jason TI SYSTEMIC, LIFE-THREATENING CHROMOBACTERIUM VIOLACEUM INFECTION IN A US MARINE CORPS RECRUIT AFTER WOUND EXPOSURE TO STAGNANT WATER SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daly, Patrick] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Norfolk, VA USA. [Maguire, Jason] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 SU 1 BP S548 EP S548 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA V30JQ UT WOS:000208812703215 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Aralis, HJ Rauh, MJ MacGregor, A AF Macera, Caroline A. Aralis, Hilary J. Rauh, Mitchell J. MacGregor, Andrew TI Postdeployment Symptom Reporting for Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury and/or Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Aralis, Hilary J.; Rauh, Mitchell J.; MacGregor, Andrew] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM cmacera@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1578 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V34IG UT WOS:000209079501334 ER PT J AU Kelly, K Blaszczak, A Haus, JM Patrick-Melin, A Fealy, C Solomon, TPJ Kalinski, MI Kirwan, JP AF Kelly, Karen Blaszczak, Alecia Haus, Jacob M. Patrick-Melin, Aimee Fealy, Ciaran Solomon, Thomas P. J. Kalinski, Michael I. Kirwan, John P. TI 7-Days of Aerobic Exercise Increases High Molecular Weight Adiponectin and Improves Fat Oxidation in Obese Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kelly, Karen] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Blaszczak, Alecia] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Haus, Jacob M.; Fealy, Ciaran; Solomon, Thomas P. J.; Kirwan, John P.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Patrick-Melin, Aimee; Kalinski, Michael I.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM karen.kelly@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2738 BP 766 EP 766 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V34IG UT WOS:000209079503207 ER PT J AU Jensen, TG Campbell, TJ Allard, RA Small, RJ Smith, TA AF Jensen, Tommy G. Campbell, Timothy J. Allard, Richard A. Small, Richard Justin Smith, Travis A. TI Turbulent heat fluxes during an intense cold-air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region: results from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean model SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; Heat flux; Winter storm; Warm pool; Kuroshio; Coupled model ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; GULF-STREAM; SEA INTERACTIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MESOSCALE EDDIES; WATER; SYSTEM; WINTER; VARIABILITY; STORM AB The coupled ocean atmosphere mesoscale prediction system that includes the Navy Coastal Ocean Model has been configured for the Kuroshio Extension region using multiple one-way nested high-resolution grids. The coupled model system was used to simulate a strong cold-air outbreak event from 31 Jan to 7 Feb 2005 in good agreement with meteorological data from a surface buoy data and QuikSCAT scatterometer winds. Latent heat fluxes and sensible heat fluxes were computed during the event with daily averages in excess of 1,500 W/m(2) and 500 W/m(2), respectively, and combined instantaneous turbulent heat fluxes up to 2,300 W/m(2). The largest heat fluxes were found in two large meanders of the Kuroshio and along its southern flank. Strong gradients in turbulent heat fluxes coincided with strong sea surface temperature gradients and were maintained during the cold-air outbreak simulation. The large turbulent heat fluxes lead to significant subtropical mode water formation during the event at a rate about 10 Sv in the cyclonic recirculation region south of the Kuroshio. This increased the volume of core layer mode water within the temperature range 16 degrees C to 18 degrees C by 10% and increased the surface area of that layer directly exposed to the atmosphere by a factor close to 5 in the model domain. C1 [Jensen, Tommy G.; Campbell, Timothy J.; Allard, Richard A.; Smith, Travis A.] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Small, Richard Justin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jensen, TG (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Tommy.Jensen@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Battlespace Environment Institute; NRL's 6.2 Core Program "Coupled Ocean-Wave Prediction System" [PE 0602435N] FX This work was supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Battlespace Environment Institute and NRL's 6.2 Core Program "Coupled Ocean-Wave Prediction System" (Program Element PE 0602435N). We thank Clark Rowley, Lucy Smedstad, Shelley Riedlinger, and James Dykes at NRL Stennis Space Center for their assistance with providing data for boundary and initial conditions. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 BP 657 EP 674 DI 10.1007/s10236-011-0380-0 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 786AK UT WOS:000292274300009 ER PT J AU Hinshelwood, DD Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Allen, RJ Apruzese, JP Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Jackson, SL Murphy, DP Phipps, D Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC AF Hinshelwood, D. D. Ottinger, P. F. Schumer, J. W. Allen, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Commisso, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Jackson, S. L. Murphy, D. P. Phipps, D. Swanekamp, S. B. Weber, B. V. Young, F. C. TI Ion diode performance on a positive polarity inductive voltage adder with layered magnetically insulated transmission line flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ROD-PINCH DIODE; ELECTRON FLOW; PROTON-BEAMS; AURORA PULSER; ANODE-PLASMA; IMPEDANCE; ACCELERATORS; EQUILIBRIUM; RADIOGRAPHY; DETECTOR AB A pinch-reflex ion diode is fielded on the pulsed-power machine Mercury (R. J. Allen, et al., 15th IEEE Intl. Pulsed Power Conf., Monterey, CA, 2005, p. 339), which has an inductive voltage adder (IVA) architecture and a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). Mercury is operated in positive polarity resulting in layered MITL flow as emitted electrons are born at a different potential in each of the adder cavities. The usual method for estimating the voltage by measuring the bound current in the cathode and anode of the MITL is not accurate with layered flow, and the interaction of the MITL flow with a pinched-beam ion diode load has not been studied previously. Other methods for determining the diode voltage are applied, ion diode performance is experimentally characterized and evaluated, and circuit and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed. Results indicate that the ion diode couples efficiently to the machine operating at a diode voltage of about 3.5 MV and a total current of about 325 kA, with an ion current of about 70 kA of which about 60 kA is proton current. It is also found that the layered flow impedance of the MITL is about half the vacuum impedance. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3587082] C1 [Hinshelwood, D. D.; Schumer, J. W.; Allen, R. J.; Commisso, R. J.; Jackson, S. L.; Murphy, D. P.; Phipps, D.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Weber, B. V.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ottinger, P. F.; Apruzese, J. P.; Cooperstein, G.; Young, F. C.] NRL L3 Commun, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Hinshelwood, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 FU Office of Naval Research FX The author would like to recognize the technical support of Aaron Miller and valuable technical discussions with Dr. Stavros Stephanakis and Dr. D. Mosher. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 AR 053106 DI 10.1063/1.3587082 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 785EF UT WOS:000292209500050 ER PT J AU Maddox, BR Park, HS Remington, BA Chen, C Chen, S Prisbrey, ST Comley, A Back, CA Szabo, C Seely, JF Feldman, U Hudson, LT Seltzer, S Haugh, MJ Ali, Z AF Maddox, B. R. Park, H. S. Remington, B. A. Chen, C. Chen, S. Prisbrey, S. T. Comley, A. Back, C. A. Szabo, C. Seely, J. F. Feldman, U. Hudson, L. T. Seltzer, S. Haugh, M. J. Ali, Z. TI Absolute measurements of x-ray backlighter sources at energies above 10 keV SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics CY 2010 CL Chicago, IL ID LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS AB Line emission and broadband x-ray sources with x-ray energies above 10 keV have been investigated using a range of calibrated x-ray detectors for use as x-ray backlighters in high energy density (HED) experiments. The conversion efficiency of short-and long-pulse driven Mo and Ag line-emission backlighters at 17 and 22 keV was measured to investigate the crossover region between short-and long-pulse conversion efficiency. It was found that significant 17 and 22 keV line emissions were observed using a 3 omega, 1 ns long-pulse drive for Mo and Ag targets and a comparison between the measured Mo x-ray spectrum and calculations using an atomic physics code suggests that the line emission is due to thermal emission from N-like Mo atoms. Electron temperatures derived from fits to the continuum region of the x-ray spectra agree well with the T-hot scaling as 100 x (I lambda(2))(1/3). The continuum emissions from empty and 1 atm Kr-filled imploded CH shell targets were also measured for the use as broadband backlighters. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3582134] C1 [Maddox, B. R.; Park, H. S.; Remington, B. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, S.; Prisbrey, S. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Comley, A.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Back, C. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Szabo, C.; Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, U.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Seltzer, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haugh, M. J.; Ali, Z.] NSTEC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maddox, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 AR 056709 DI 10.1063/1.3582134 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 785EF UT WOS:000292209500132 ER PT J AU Mithaiwala, M Rudakov, L Ganguli, G Crabtree, C AF Mithaiwala, M. Rudakov, L. Ganguli, G. Crabtree, C. TI Weak turbulence theory of the nonlinear evolution of the ion ring distribution SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics CY 2010 CL Chicago, IL ID INSTABILITIES DRIVEN; VELOCITY SPACE; WAVES; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY; EMISSIONS AB The nonlinear evolution of an ion ring instability in a low beta magnetospheric plasma is considered. The evolution of the two-dimensional ring distribution is essentially quasilinear. Ignoring nonlinear processes the timescale for the quasilinear evolution is the same as for the linear instability 1/tau(QL) similar to gamma(L). However, when nonlinear processes become important, a new timescale becomes relevant to the wave saturation mechanism. Induced nonlinear scattering of the lower-hybrid waves by plasma electrons is the dominant nonlinearity relevant for plasmas in the inner magnetosphere and typically occurs on the timescale 1/tau(NL) similar to omega(M/m)W/nT, where W is the wave energy density, nT is the thermal energy density of the background plasma, and M/m is the ion to electron mass ratio, which has the consequence that the wave amplitude saturates at a low level, and the timescale for quasilinear relaxation is extended by orders of magnitude. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3574389] C1 [Mithaiwala, M.; Ganguli, G.; Crabtree, C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mithaiwala, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 AR 055710 DI 10.1063/1.3574389 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 785EF UT WOS:000292209500085 ER PT J AU Sinars, DB Slutz, SA Herrmann, MC McBride, RD Cuneo, ME Jennings, CA Chittenden, JP Velikovich, AL Peterson, KJ Vesey, RA Nakhleh, C Waisman, EM Blue, BE Killebrew, K Schroen, D Tomlinson, K Edens, AD Lopez, MR Smith, IC Shores, J Bigman, V Bennett, GR Atherton, BW Savage, M Stygar, WA Leifeste, GT Porter, JL AF Sinars, D. B. Slutz, S. A. Herrmann, M. C. McBride, R. D. Cuneo, M. E. Jennings, C. A. Chittenden, J. P. Velikovich, A. L. Peterson, K. J. Vesey, R. A. Nakhleh, C. Waisman, E. M. Blue, B. E. Killebrew, K. Schroen, D. Tomlinson, K. Edens, A. D. Lopez, M. R. Smith, I. C. Shores, J. Bigman, V. Bennett, G. R. Atherton, B. W. Savage, M. Stygar, W. A. Leifeste, G. T. Porter, J. L. TI Measurements of magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth during the implosion of initially solid metal liners SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics CY 2010 CL Chicago, IL ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB A recent publication [D. B. Sinars et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 185001 (2010)] describes the first controlled experiments measuring the growth of the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability in fast (similar to 100 ns) Z-pinch plasmas formed from initially solid aluminum tubes (liners). Sinusoidal perturbations on the surface of these liners with wavelengths of 25-400 mu m were used to seed single-mode instabilities. The evolution of the outer liner surface was captured using multiframe 6.151 keV radiography. The initial paper shows that there is good agreement between the data and 2-D radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations down to 50 mu m wavelengths. This paper extends the previous one by providing more detailed radiography images, detailed target characterization data, a more accurate comparison to analytic models for the amplitude growth, the first data from a beryllium liner, and comparisons between the data and 3D simulations. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3560911] C1 [Sinars, D. B.; Slutz, S. A.; Herrmann, M. C.; McBride, R. D.; Cuneo, M. E.; Jennings, C. A.; Peterson, K. J.; Vesey, R. A.; Nakhleh, C.; Waisman, E. M.; Edens, A. D.; Lopez, M. R.; Smith, I. C.; Shores, J.; Bigman, V.; Bennett, G. R.; Atherton, B. W.; Savage, M.; Stygar, W. A.; Leifeste, G. T.; Porter, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chittenden, J. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blue, B. E.; Killebrew, K.; Schroen, D.; Tomlinson, K.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Sinars, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 AR 056301 DI 10.1063/1.3560911 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 785EF UT WOS:000292209500111 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Li, RR Shettle, EP AF Gao, Bo-Cai Li, Rong-Rong Shettle, Eric P. TI Cloud Remote Sensing Using Midwave IR CO2 and N2O Slicing Channels near 4.5 mu m SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; cirrus clouds; sensors; spectroscopy; infrared ID RESOLUTION INTERFEROMETER SOUNDER; MODIS; VAS AB Narrow channels located in the longwave IR CO2 absorption region between approximately 13.2 and 14.5 mu m, the well known CO2 slicing channels, have been proven to be quite effective for the estimates of cloud heights and effective cloud amounts as well as atmospheric temperature profiles. The designs of some of the near-future multi-channel earth observing satellite sensors cannot accommodate these longwave IR channels. Based on the analysis of the multi-channel imaging data collected with the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) instrument and on theoretical cloud radiative transfer modeling, we have found that narrow channels located at the midwave IR region between approximately 4.2 and 4.55 mu m, where the combined CO2 and N2O absorption effects decrease rapidly with increasing wavelength, have similar properties as the longwave IR CO2 slicing channels. The scattering of solar radiation by clouds on the long wavelength side of the 4.3 mu m CO2 absorption makes only a small contribution to the upwelling radiances. In order to retain the crucial cloud and temperature sensing capabilities, future satellite sensors should consider including midwave IR CO2 and N2O slicing channels if the longwave IR channels cannot be implemented on the sensors. The hyperspectral data covering the 3.7-15.5 mu m wavelength range and measured with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) can be used to further assess the utility of midwave IR channels for satellite remote sensing. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong; Shettle, Eric P.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; rong-rong.li@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA MODIS; Office of Naval Research FX This research is funded by the NASA MODIS Project and by the Office of Naval Research. We thank S. Ackerman at University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin for the permission to use the high spectral resolution HIS data. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1006 EP 1013 DI 10.3390/rs3051006 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978NK UT WOS:000306749500009 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Clarke, TE AF Cohen, A. S. Clarke, T. E. TI AN ULTRA-STEEP-SPECTRUM RADIO RELIC IN THE GALAXY CLUSTER A2443 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (A2443) ID SKY SURVEY; ABELL CLUSTERS; EMISSION; COMPILATION; SAMPLE AB We present newly discovered radio emission in the galaxy cluster A2443 which (1) is diffuse, (2) has an extremely steep spectrum, (3) is offset from the cluster center, (4) is of irregular morphology, and (5) is not clearly associated with any of the galaxies within the cluster. The most likely explanation is that this emission is a cluster radio relic associated with a cluster merger. We present deep observations of A2443 at multiple low frequencies (1425, 325, and 74 MHz) which help characterize the spectrum and morphology of this relic. Based on the curved spectral shape of the relic emission and the presence of small-scale structure, we suggest that this new source is likely a member of the radio phoenix class of radio relics. C1 [Cohen, A. S.; Clarke, T. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cohen, A. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aaron_cohen@alum.mit.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank Zhong-Lue Wen for providing the I-band BATC image of A2443 as well as the cluster member catalogue. We thank Torsten Ensslin for helpful discussions. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of The National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We have made use of the ROSAT Data Archive of the Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) at Garching, Germany. We thank the referee for helpful comments and suggestions which improved this paper. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 141 IS 5 AR 149 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/149 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 746JB UT WOS:000289240800008 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Wycoff, Gary L. TI SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AT THE US NAVAL OBSERVATORY. XVI. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; binaries: visual; techniques: interferometric ID VISUAL BINARY STARS; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; ASTROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEMS; MASSES; MERATE; PISCO; PAIRS AB The results of 1031 speckle-interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch refractor of the U. S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle-interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over two thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 457 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0 ''.15 to 16 ''.94, with a median separation of 3 ''.03. The range in V-band magnitudes for the primary (secondary) of observed targets is 3.1-12.9 (3.2-13.3). This is the sixteenth in a series of papers presenting measurements obtained with this system and covers the period 2009 January 12 through 2009 December 17. Included in these data are 12 older measurements whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant, but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. Also, 10 pairs with a single observation are herein confirmed. This paper also includes the first data obtained using a new ICCD with fiber optic cables. C1 [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.; Wycoff, Gary L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 141 IS 5 AR 157 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/157 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 746JB UT WOS:000289240800016 ER PT J AU Cognard, I Guillemot, L Johnson, TJ Smith, DA Venter, C Harding, AK Wolff, MT Cheung, CC Donato, D Abdo, AA Ballet, J Camilo, F Desvignes, G Dumora, D Ferrara, EC Freire, PCC Grove, JE Johnston, S Keith, M Kramer, M Lyne, AG Michelson, PF Parent, D Ransom, SM Ray, PS Romani, RW Parkinson, PMS Stappers, BW Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Weltevrede, P Wood, KS AF Cognard, I. Guillemot, L. Johnson, T. J. Smith, D. A. Venter, C. Harding, A. K. Wolff, M. T. Cheung, C. C. Donato, D. Abdo, A. A. Ballet, J. Camilo, F. Desvignes, G. Dumora, D. Ferrara, E. C. Freire, P. C. C. Grove, J. E. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Lyne, A. G. Michelson, P. F. Parent, D. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Romani, R. W. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Stappers, B. W. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Weltevrede, P. Wood, K. S. TI DISCOVERY OF TWO MILLISECOND PULSARS IN FERMI SOURCES WITH THE NANCAY RADIO TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (J2017+0603, J2302+4442) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; LIGHT CURVES; MONTE-CARLO; EMISSION; CATALOG; POPULATION; BINARY; RADIATION; TUCANAE AB We report the discovery of two millisecond pulsars in a search for radio pulsations at the positions of Fermi-Large Area Telescope sources with no previously known counterparts, using the Nancay Radio Telescope. The two millisecond pulsars, PSRs J2017+0603 and J2302+4442, have rotational periods of 2.896 and 5.192 ms and are both in binary systems with low-eccentricity orbits and orbital periods of 2.2 and 125.9 days, respectively, suggesting long recycling processes. Gamma-ray pulsations were subsequently detected for both objects, indicating that they power the associated Fermi sources in which they were found. The gamma-ray light curves and spectral properties are similar to those of previously detected gamma-ray millisecond pulsars. Detailed modeling of the observed radio and gamma-ray light curves shows that the gamma-ray emission seems to originate at high altitudes in their magnetospheres. Additionally, X-ray observations revealed the presence of an X-ray source at the position of PSR J2302+4442, consistent with thermal emission from a neutron star. These discoveries along with the numerous detections of radio-loud millisecond pulsars in gamma rays suggest that many Fermi sources with no known counterpart could be unknown millisecond pulsars. C1 [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPC2E, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Guillemot, L.; Freire, P. C. C.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Johnson, T. J.; Harding, A. K.; Ferrara, E. C.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, D. A.; Dumora, D.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Wolff, M. T.; Grove, J. E.; Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ballet, J.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Michelson, P. F.; Romani, R. W.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Cognard, I (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPC2E, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. EM icognard@cnrs-orleans.fr; guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. The Green Bank Telescope is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 63 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 732 IS 1 AR 47 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/47 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 751OD UT WOS:000289626500047 ER PT J AU Wagner, K Doroslovacki, M AF Wagner, Kevin Doroslovacki, Milos TI Proportionate-Type Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithms With Gain Allocation Motivated by Mean-Square-Error Minimization for White Input SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive filters; adaptive signal processing; echo suppression; identification; least mean-square methods ID STEP-SIZE NLMS; PNLMS ALGORITHM AB In the past, ad hoc methods have been used to choose gains in proportionate-type normalized least mean-square algorithms without strong theoretical under-pinnings. In this correspondence, a theoretical framework and motivation for adaptively choosing gains is presented, such that the mean-square error will be minimized at any given time. As a result of this approach, a new optimal proportionate-type normalized least mean-square algorithm is introduced. A computationally simplified version of the theoretical optimal algorithm is derived as well. Both of these algorithms require knowledge of the mean-square weight deviations. Feasible implementations, which estimate the mean-square weight deviations, are presented. The performance of these new feasible algorithms are compared to the performance of standard adaptive algorithms when operating with sparse, non-sparse, and time-varying impulse responses, when the input signal is white. Specifically, we consider the transient and steady-state mean-square errors as well as the overall computational complexity of each algorithm. C1 [Wagner, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.wagner@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 2410 EP 2415 DI 10.1109/TSP.2011.2106123 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 749NT UT WOS:000289475800040 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Zhou, YF Lyons, A Solovyov, A Street, C Firth, C Lipkin, WI Myers, C Blair, P Kuschner, R AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Zhou, Yanfei Lyons, Arthur Solovyov, Alexander Street, Craig Firth, Cadhla Lipkin, W. I. Myers, Chris Blair, Patrick Kuschner, Robert TI Evolutionary studies of 2009 H1N1 pandemic via next generation sequencing (NGS): circulating influenza A from the worldwide locations are the variants of original 2009 H1N1 SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Options for the Control of Influenza VII CY SEP 03-07, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE 2009 H1N1; evolution; next generation sequencing ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; CULTURE AB Pandemic 2009 influenza A virus (A/H1N1/2009) continues to cause worldwide influenza outbreaks beyond its 1st anniversary. Full genomic sequence analysis of 2009 pandemic infections might provide an important role on preparation for future influenza outbreaks. We investigated the potential of ultra-deep pyrosequencing (Roche 454 FLX) to determine and assemble >100 full genome sequences of novel 2009 H1N1 viruses isolated worldwide since the beginning of the 2009 pandemic. Phylogenetic studies of the eight influenza A gene segments were generated and were found to display higher genetic diversity for HA and NA segments as compared to the mutational rates for other five RNA segments. Analysis of full influenza genomes containing all 8 concatenated RNA segments revealed the existence of two distinctive genetic groups, Clades 1 and 2. It was concluded that 2009 H1N1 influenza A currently causing large scale global infections all belong to the genetic Clade 2. The initial 2009 H1N1 isolates of Mexican/California origins isolated at the beginning of 2009 pandemics are probably no longer in circulation. C1 [Houng, Huo-Shu H.; Zhou, Yanfei; Lyons, Arthur; Kuschner, Robert] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Solovyov, Alexander; Street, Craig; Firth, Cadhla; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY USA. [Myers, Chris; Blair, Patrick] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2011 VL 5 SU 1 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 747BV UT WOS:000289296200130 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE AF Fonda, R. W. Knipling, K. E. TI Texture development in friction stir welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE Friction stir welding; Texture; Shear; Recrystallisation ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; INVESTMENT-CAST TI-6AL-4V; TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; DUPLEX STAINLESS-STEEL; MEASURED EBSD DATA; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; MAGNESIUM ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; BETA-PHASE; MG ALLOY AB The shear textures that develop in friction stir welds are reviewed and discussed. In all the materials examined, including face centred cubic (fcc), body centred cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) materials, friction stir welding produces a predominant shear texture with the close-packed directions aligned with the shear direction (SD) and the close-packed plane normal perpendicular to both the SD and the shear plane normal. This orientation corresponds to the B/(B) over bar ideal shear texture in fcc materials, the D-1 ideal shear texture in bcc materials, and the P-1 ideal shear texture in hcp titanium alloys. Titanium friction stir welds fabricated above the beta transus temperature can contain evidence of ideal shear texture components from both the bcc D-1 (after transformation to the hcp phase according to the Burgers orientation relationship) and the hcp P-1 shear textures. Thus, similar shear textures develop in friction stir welds of fcc, bcc and hcp materials. C1 [Fonda, R. W.; Knipling, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fonda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 76 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 53 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1179/1362171811Y.0000000010 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 751MQ UT WOS:000289622600002 ER PT J AU Hacker, JP Snyder, C Ha, SY Pocernich, M AF Hacker, J. P. Snyder, C. Ha, S. -Y. Pocernich, M. TI Linear and non-linear response to parameter variations in a mesoscale model SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; SIMULTANEOUS STATE; SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION AB Parameter uncertainty in atmospheric model forcing and closure schemes has motivated both parameter estimation with data assimilation and use of pre-specified distributions to simulate model uncertainty in short-range ensemble prediction. This work assesses the potential for parameter estimation and ensemble prediction by analysing 2 months of mesoscale ensemble predictions in which each member uses distinct, and fixed, settings for four model parameters. A space-filling parameter selection design leads to a unique parameter set for each ensemble member. An experiment to test linear scaling between parameter distribution width and ensemble spread shows the lack of a general linear response to parameters. Individual member near-surface spatial means, spatial variances and skill show that perturbed models are typically indistinguishable. Parameter-state rank correlation fields are not statistically significant, although the presence of other sources of noise may mask true correlations. Results suggest that ensemble prediction using perturbed parameters may be a simple complement to more complex model-error simulation methods, but that parameter estimation may prove difficult or costly for real mesoscale numerical weather prediction applications. C1 [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Snyder, C.; Ha, S. -Y.; Pocernich, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphacker@nps.edu FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency. We thank J. Rougier for suggesting Latin Hypercube Sampling as an option to draw parameter sets, and J. Dudhia and G. Thompson for suggesting potential parameters within individual physics schemes. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 429 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00505.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 749PU UT WOS:000289481700006 ER PT J AU Hacker, JP Ha, SY Snyder, C Berner, J Eckel, FA Kuchera, E Pocernich, M Rugg, S Schramm, J Wang, X AF Hacker, J. P. Ha, S. -Y. Snyder, C. Berner, J. Eckel, F. A. Kuchera, E. Pocernich, M. Rugg, S. Schramm, J. Wang, X. TI The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency's mesoscale ensemble: scientific description and performance results SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PART I; MODEL; FORECASTS; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; TRANSFORM AB This work evaluates several techniques to account for mesoscale initial-condition (IC) and model uncertainty in a short-range ensemble prediction system based on the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. A scientific description and verification of several candidate methods for implementation in the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency mesoscale ensemble is presented. Model perturbation methods tested include multiple parametrization suites, land-surface property perturbations, perturbations to parameters within physics schemes and stochastic 'backscatter' stream-function perturbations. IC perturbations considered include perturbed observations in 10 independent WRF-3DVar cycles and the ensemble-transform Kalman filter (ETKF). A hybrid of ETKF (for IC perturbations) and WRF-3DVar (to update the ensemble mean) is also tested. Results show that all of the model and IC perturbation methods examined are more skilful than direct dynamical downscaling of the global ensemble. IC perturbations are most helpful during the first 12 h of the forecasts. Physical parametrization diversity appears critical for boundary-layer forecasts. In an effort to reduce system complexity by reducing the number of suites of physical parametrizations, a smaller set of parametrization suites was combined with perturbed parameters and stochastic backscatter, resulting in the most skilful and statistically consistent ensemble predictions. C1 [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ha, S. -Y.; Snyder, C.; Berner, J.; Pocernich, M.; Schramm, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Eckel, F. A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kuchera, E.; Rugg, S.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Bellevue, NE USA. [Wang, X.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphacker@nps.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency. The authors are grateful for support from D. Gill, J. Dudhia and others in the WRF development group. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00497.x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 749PU UT WOS:000289481700016 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XVII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; MG-LIKE IONS; INTERCOMBINATION LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; EMISSION-LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS; CA-IX; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; MAGNESIUM SEQUENCE AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XVII. We include in the calculations the 23 lowest configurations, corresponding to 159 fine-structure levels: 3l3l', 3l4l '', and 3s51", with l,l' = s,p,d, l '' = s,p,d, f, and l''' = s,p,d. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies for all transitions at varying energies above the threshold of each transition. One additional energy, very close to the threshold of each transition, has also been included. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code in the distorted wave approximation. Additional calculations have been performed with the University College London suite of codes for comparison. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8) - 10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e)(K) = 6.5, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XVII. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Landi, E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM elandi@umich.edu RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P] FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and other NASA Grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAY PY 2011 VL 97 IS 3 BP 189 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.07.001 PG 36 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 747OJ UT WOS:000289329000001 ER PT J AU Mentler, E Mann, K Earley, A Lucha, P AF Mentler, Ellie Mann, Kevan Earley, Angela Lucha, Paul TI High incidence of acute urinary retention associated with immediate catheter removal after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Foley catheter removal; Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; Urinary retention ID BLADDER; COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, a common treatment for medically refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease, is associated with a high rate of postoperative urinary retention. This study explored the incidence of urinary retention and external factors. A retrospective chart review was performed for inpatient records of patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the treatment of reflux disease from 1 December 2004 through 31 December 2008 at a community teaching medical center. A review of 111 inpatient records found a 21.6% (n = 24) incidence of acute urinary retention after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Acute urinary retention was not significantly associated with a longer hospital stay (2.39 vs. 2.79 days). More importantly, 79.2% (n = 19) of the patients with postoperative acute urinary retention had removal of their Foley catheters immediately after surgery. Urinary retention rates after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication may be lowered by postponing the removal of the Foley catheter for several hours. C1 [Mentler, Ellie; Mann, Kevan] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, Adv Laparoscop Div, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Mentler, E (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, Adv Laparoscop Div, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Ellie.Mentler@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1611 EP 1616 DI 10.1007/s00464-010-1460-9 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 745ZV UT WOS:000289211300041 PM 21140172 ER PT J AU Kalogiros, J Wang, Q AF Kalogiros, John Wang, Qing TI Aircraft Observations of Sea-Surface Turbulent Fluxes Near the California Coast SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aircraft; COARE bulk parametrization; Coastal area; Flux divergence; Longitudinal rolls; Turbulent transfer coefficients ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLD AIR OUTBREAKS; WIND STRESS; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; EDDY-CORRELATION; MOISTURE FLUXES; ROLL VORTICES; MOMENTUM FLUX; SENSIBLE HEAT AB Aircraft turbulence data from the Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network project were analyzed and compared to the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk parametrization of turbulent fluxes in an ocean area near the coast of California characterized by complex atmospheric flow. Turbulent fluxes measured at about 35 m above the sea surface using the eddy-correlation method were lower than bulk estimates under unstable and stable atmospheric stratification for all but light winds. Neutral turbulent transfer coefficients were used in this comparison because they remove the effects of mean atmospheric conditions and atmospheric stability. Spectral analysis suggested that kilometre-scale longitudinal rolls affect significantly turbulence measurements even near the sea surface, depending on sampling direction. Cross-wind sampling tended to capture all the available turbulent energy. Vertical soundings showed low boundary-layer depths and high flux divergence near the sea surface in the case of sensible heat flux but minimal flux divergence for the momentum flux. Cross-wind sampling and flux divergence were found to explain most of the observed discrepancies between the measured and bulk flux estimates. At low wind speeds the drag coefficient determined with eddy correlation and an inertial dissipation method after corrections were applied still showed high values compared to bulk estimates. This discrepancy correlated with the dominance of sea swell, which was a usually observed condition under low wind speeds. Under stable atmospheric conditions measured sensible heat fluxes, which usually have low values over the ocean, were possibly affected by measurement errors and deviated significantly from bulk estimates. C1 [Kalogiros, John] Natl Observ Athens, IERSD, Athens 15236, Greece. [Wang, Qing] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kalogiros, J (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, IERSD, Athens 15236, Greece. EM jkalog@meteo.noa.gr; qwang@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001403WR20322, N0001404WR20304] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) awards No. N0001403WR20322 and N0001404WR20304. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 283 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9585-x PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744QK UT WOS:000289109200006 ER PT J AU Reikard, G Rogers, WE AF Reikard, Gordon Rogers, W. Erick TI Forecasting ocean waves: Comparing a physics-based model with statistical models SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wave forecasting; Simulation models; Time series models ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; COASTAL REGIONS; SWAN MODEL; WIND; GENERATION; PREDICTION; SPECTRUM AB The literature on ocean wave forecasting falls into two categories, physics-based models and statistical methods. Since these two approaches have evolved independently, it is of interest to determine which approach can predict more accurately, and over what time horizons. This paper runs a comparative analysis of a well-known physics-based model for simulating waves near shore, SWAN, and two statistical techniques, time-varying parameter regression and a frequency domain algorithm. Forecasts are run for the significant wave height, over horizons ranging from the current period (i.e., the analysis time) to 15 h. seven data sets, four from the Pacific Ocean and three from the Gulf of Mexico, are used to evaluate the forecasts. The statistical models do extremely well at short horizons, producing more accurate forecasts in the 1-5 hour range. The SWAN model is superior at longer horizons. The crossover point, at which the forecast error from the two methods converges, is in the area of 6 h. Based on these results, the choice of statistical versus physics-based models will depend on the uses to which the forecasts will be put. Utilities operating wave farms, which need to forecast at very short horizons, may prefer statistical techniques. Navies or shipping companies interested in oceanic conditions over longer horizons will prefer physics-based models. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rogers, W. Erick] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Reikarsen@msn.com OI Reikard, Gordon/0000-0003-2574-0745 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.12.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 741TB UT WOS:000288886500003 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI Probability Density Function of Underwater Bomb Trajectory Deviation Due to Stochastic Ocean Surface Slope SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE 3D underwater bomb trajectory model; probability density function; bomb trajectory deviation; stochastic ocean surface slope; 6DOF model; STRIKE35 ID FALLING CYLINDER; WATER COLUMN; PREDICTION AB Ocean wave propagation causes random change in an ocean surface slope and in turn affects the underwater bomb trajectory deviation (r) through a water column. This trajectory deviation is crucial for the clearance of obstacles such as sea mines or a maritime improvised explosive device in coastal oceans using bombs. A nonlinear six degrees of freedom (6DOF) model has been recently developed and verified at the Naval Postgraduate School with various surface impact speeds and surface slopes as model inputs. The surface slope (s) randomly changes between 0 and pi/2 with a probability density function (PDF) p(s), called the s-PDF. After s is discretized into I intervals by s(1), s(2), ... ,s(i),..., s(I+1), the 6DOF model is integrated with a given surface impact speed (v(0)) and each slope si to get bomb trajectory deviation (r) over cap (i) at depth (h) as a model output. The calculated series of {(r) over cap (i)} is re-arranged into monotonically increasing order (r(j)}. The bomb trajectory deviation r within (r(j), r(j+1)) may correspond to one interval or several intervals of s. The probability of r falling into (r(j), r(j+1)) can be obtained from the probability of s and in turn the PDF of r, called the r-PDF. Change in the r-PDF versus features of the s-PDF, water depth, and surface impact speed is also investigated. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003378] C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX20165] FX The Office of Naval Research Breaching Technology Program (Grant No. N0001410WX20165, Program Manager: Brian Almquist) supported this study. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 AR 031002 DI 10.1115/1.4003378 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 740PU UT WOS:000288807700002 ER PT J AU Thulasiraman, P Chen, JM Shen, XM AF Thulasiraman, Preetha Chen, Jiming Shen, Xuemin (Sherman) TI Multipath Routing and Max-Min Fair QoS Provisioning under Interference Constraints in Wireless Multihop Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Interference; multicommodity flow; fairness; routing; quality of service ID BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION; MESH NETWORKS; SENSOR NETWORK; ALGORITHMS; FRAMEWORK; RELAYS; FLOWS AB 1In this paper, we investigate the problem of flow routing and fair bandwidth allocation under interference constraints for multihop wireless networks. We first develop a novel isotonic routing metric, (RIM)-M-3, considering the influence of interflow and intraflow interference. The isotonicity of the routing metric is proved using virtual network decomposition. Second, in order to ensure QoS, an interference-aware max-min fair bandwidth allocation algorithm, LMX: (MF)-F-3, is proposed where multiple paths (determined by using the routing metric) coexist for each user to the base station. In order to solve the algorithm, we develop an optimization formulation that is modeled as a multicommodity flow problem where the lexicographically largest bandwidth allocation vector is found among all optimal allocation vectors while considering constraints of interference on the flows. We compare our (RIM)-M-3 routing metric and LMX:(MF)-F-3 bandwidth allocation algorithm with various interference-based routing metrics and interference-aware bandwidth allocation algorithms established in the literature. We show that (RIM)-M-3 and LMX: (MF)-F-3 succeed in improving network performance in terms of delay, packet loss ratio, and bandwidth usage. C1 [Thulasiraman, Preetha] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chen, Jiming] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Ind Proc Control, Dept Control, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Shen, Xuemin (Sherman)] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Thulasiraman, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pthulas1@nps.edu; jmchen@ieee.org; xshen@bbcr.uwaterloo.ca NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 716 EP 728 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2010.145 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 739XP UT WOS:000288755400003 ER PT J AU Hargather, MJ Staymates, ME Madalis, MJ Smith, DJ Settles, GS AF Hargather, Michael J. Staymates, Matthew E. Madalis, Matthew J. Smith, Daniel J. Settles, Gary S. TI The Internal Aerodynamics of Cargo Containers for Trace Chemical Sampling and Detection SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Air safety; containers; contamination; fluid dynamics; transportation ID HIGH EXPLOSIVES; SYSTEMS; VAPOR AB Millions of air- and sea-cargo containers enter into and are transported throughout the United States each year. The possibility that some might contain terrorist devices and the impracticability of opening and inspecting them all have become highly charged political issues. However, if the interiors of cargo containers could be quickly sampled for trace explosives without opening them, broad and rapid inspections could be conducted. This would enhance security and allow legitimate cargo to flow almost unimpeded through ports and terminals. Here, we present techniques for nonintrusively sampling cargo containers for trace explosive particles and vapors using external suction devices. The experimental results show the ability to successfully detect explosive contamination and the importance of the internal aerodynamics of the cargo containers. This is studied through flow visualization techniques to reveal the effects of "natural air vents," container geometry, and packing configurations upon the sampling techniques investigated here. A discussion of optimal trace sampling strategies is given based on these results. C1 [Hargather, Michael J.; Settles, Gary S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Staymates, Matthew E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madalis, Matthew J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Smith, Daniel J.] US Dept Def, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Hargather, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjh340@psu.edu; matthew.staymates@nist.gov; mjmadalis@gmail.com; dsmith460@gmail.com; gss2@psu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration [99-G-032]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration under Grant 99-G-032 and in part by the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Okyay Kaynak. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1193 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2087747 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 735WS UT WOS:000288451900014 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Kim, BJ Jung, Y Hite, JK Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Kim, Byung-Jae Jung, Younghun Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Gallium nitride light emitter on a patterned sapphire substrate for improved defectivity and light extraction efficiency SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductors; Epitaxy; Recombination and trapping; Luminescence ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; GAN; DIODES; DISLOCATIONS; GROWTH AB Gallium nitride light emitting diodes were deposited on a sapphire substrate that was pre-patterned with an ordered two-dimensional structure. The size and arrangement of the substrate surface pattern was designed to increase the diffraction and extraction of light from the device as well as define the grain size and thus dislocation density of the GaN crystal. A close-packing of self-assembled SiO(2) nanospheres was used as the sacrificial etch mask. The etch process transferred a two-dimensional pattern into the sapphire substrate with a peak-to-peak dimension of approximately 250 nm. The distance was selected to match the emission wavelength in the crystal for optimal light scattering. Additionally, the dimensions of the crystal artificially defined the grain size of the GaN in contrast to the kinetically controlled grain size in a standard GaN on sapphire growth process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Byung-Jae; Jung, Younghun; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Carbon Dioxide Reduction and SequestrationCenter; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea; office of the Naval Research FX This research was supported by the Carbon Dioxide Reduction and SequestrationCenter, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea. The research at US Naval Research Lab was supported by the office of the Naval Research. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 682 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.032 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 732KI UT WOS:000288183300082 ER PT J AU Burkholder, GL Kwon, YW Pollak, RD AF Burkholder, Garrett L. Kwon, Young W. Pollak, Randall D. TI Effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on fracture strength of composite adhesive joints SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NANOCOMPOSITES AB This study investigated the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an epoxy adhesive additive for adhesive joints between steel-composite interfaces and composite-composite interfaces. The study also examined the effect of CNT functionalization to improve CNT dispersion and thus improve joint strength. Specimens were constructed by adhesively bonding two parallel coupons, with a starting crack at one end. The specimens were loaded to final failure in three-point bending for Mode II fracture. Critical strain energy release rate was used to compare fracture properties of each set of specimens. It was shown that additions of multi-walled CNTs on the order of 1 wt% with diameters on the order of 30 nm and lengths 5-20 mu m enhanced fracture toughness for both steel-composite and composite-composite adhesive joints tested. However, other combinations of CNTs could significantly decrease fracture properties, likely due to agglomeration issues. Functionalization of nanotubes showed some limited promise. Scanning electron microscopy validated the improved dispersion of CNTs using functionalization, but also highlighted the shortening effects due to the harsh chemical treatment. In summary, the study illustrates the importance of various CNT parameters on fracture properties, and encourages further investigation and optimization of these parameters for applications of interest. C1 [Burkholder, Garrett L.; Kwon, Young W.; Pollak, Randall D.] USN, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd,Mail Stop ME-Kw, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu FU Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division for both financial and technical support; the Office of Naval Research's Solid Mechanics Program for funding support; Professor Craig Whitaker of the United States Naval Academy's Chemistry Department for preparation and IR spectroscopy of functionalized nanotubes; Professor Sarath Menon of the Naval Postgraduate School for assistance with SEM imaging; and Dr. Chanman Park of the Naval Postgraduate School for mechanical test support. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3370 EP 3377 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-5225-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 726HV UT WOS:000287711900015 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Nowacek, DP Laurent, LS Halpin, PN Moretti, DJ AF Hazen, Elliott L. Nowacek, Douglas P. Laurent, Louis St. Halpin, Patrick N. Moretti, David J. TI The Relationship among Oceanography, Prey Fields, and Beaked Whale Foraging Habitat in the Tongue of the Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; DEEP SCATTERING LAYERS; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FISH; DIEL; PREDATOR; SCALE AB Beaked whales, specifically Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), are known to feed in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. These whales can be reliably detected and often localized within the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic sensor system. The AUTEC range is a regularly spaced bottom mounted hydrophone array covering >350 nm(2) providing a valuable network to record anthropogenic noise and marine mammal vocalizations. Assessments of the potential risks of noise exposure to beaked whales have historically occurred in the absence of information about the physical and biological environments in which these animals are distributed. In the fall of 2008, we used a downward looking 38 kHz SIMRAD EK60 echosounder to measure prey scattering layers concurrent with fine scale turbulence measurements from an autonomous turbulence profiler. Using an 8 km, 4-leaf clover sampling pattern, we completed a total of 7.5 repeat surveys with concurrently measured physical and biological oceanographic parameters, so as to examine the spatiotemporal scales and relationships among turbulence levels, biological scattering layers, and beaked whale foraging activity. We found a strong correlation among increased prey density and ocean vertical structure relative to increased click densities. Understanding the habitats of these whales and their utilization patterns will improve future models of beaked whale habitat as well as allowing more comprehensive assessments of exposure risk to anthropogenic sound. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Nowacek, Douglas P.; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Laurent, Louis St.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moretti, David J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Elliott.hazen@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1162] FX The data collection and analysis was funded by the Office of Naval Research as N00014-08-1-1162. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e19269 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019269 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756NO UT WOS:000290019400044 PM 21556355 ER PT J AU Flynn, RA Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Kim, M Meyer, JR Makinen, AJ Bussmann, K Cheng, L Choa, FS Long, JP AF Flynn, R. A. Kim, C. S. Vurgaftman, I. Kim, M. Meyer, J. R. Maekinen, A. J. Bussmann, K. Cheng, L. Choa, F. -S. Long, J. P. TI A room-temperature semiconductor spaser operating near 1.5 mu m SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PLASMONIC WAVE-GUIDES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; LASERS; GAIN AB Room temperature spasing of surface plasmon polaritons at 1.46 mu m wavelength has been demonstrated by sandwiching a gold-film plasmonic waveguide between optically pumped InGaAs quantum-well gain media. The spaser exhibits gain narrowing, the expected transverse-magnetic polarization, and mirror feedback provided by cleaved facets in a 1-mm long cavity fabricated with a flip-chip approach. The 1.06-mu m pump-threshold of similar to 60 kW/cm(2) is in good agreement with calculations. The architecture is readily adaptable to all-electrical operation on an integrated microchip. C1 [Flynn, R. A.; Kim, C. S.; Vurgaftman, I.; Kim, M.; Meyer, J. R.; Maekinen, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheng, L.; Choa, F. -S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Long, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flynn, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jp.long@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The research was performed while R. A. Flynn held a National Research Council Associateship at the Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 43 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 9 BP 8954 EP 8961 DI 10.1364/OE.19.008954 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762NJ UT WOS:000290485900107 PM 21643148 ER PT J AU Bruski, P Erwin, SC Ramsteiner, M Brandt, O Friedland, KJ Farshchi, R Herfort, J Riechert, H AF Bruski, P. Erwin, S. C. Ramsteiner, M. Brandt, O. Friedland, K. -J. Farshchi, R. Herfort, J. Riechert, H. TI Disorder-induced reversal of spin polarization in the Heusler alloy Co2FeSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CO2FESI/GAAS(001) HYBRID STRUCTURES; FE3SI THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; FERROMAGNETS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ENERGY AB We study the spin polarization in the conduction band of Co2FeSi layers with a different degree of structural order. The injected spin polarization in Co2FeSi/(Al,Ga)As spin light-emitting diodes as well as the planar Hall effect measured for the Co2FeSi injectors exhibit a sign reversal between injectors crystallized in the ordered L2(1) phase and the Fe-Si disordered B2 phase. These results are explained by a disorder-induced change in the spin polarization at the Fermi energy of Co2FeSi. Support for the occurrence of such a striking change in the electronic band structure is obtained by first principles calculations. C1 [Bruski, P.; Ramsteiner, M.; Brandt, O.; Friedland, K. -J.; Farshchi, R.; Herfort, J.; Riechert, H.] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bruski, P (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM bruski@pdi-berlin.de RI Brandt, Oliver/A-9438-2014; Riechert, Henning/G-4178-2016 OI Brandt, Oliver/0000-0002-9503-5729; FU Office of Naval Research; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We are grateful to Igor Mazin for enlightening discussions, to Alberto Hernandez-Minguez for critical manuscript reading, and to Walid Anders, Claudia Herrmann, Angela Riedel, and Gerd Paris for technical support. S. C. E. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at Air Force Research Laboratory. R. F. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 14 AR 140409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.140409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 927IY UT WOS:000302902100001 ER PT J AU Rees, JM Paul, ES Riley, MA Simpson, J Ayangeakaa, AD Boston, HC Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Garg, U Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Judson, DS Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lumley, NM Matta, J Nolan, PJ Ollier, J Petri, M Revill, JP Riedinger, LL Rigby, SV Unsworth, C Wang, X Zhu, S AF Rees, J. M. Paul, E. S. Riley, M. A. Simpson, J. Ayangeakaa, A. D. Boston, H. C. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Garg, U. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Judson, D. S. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lumley, N. M. Matta, J. Nolan, P. J. Ollier, J. Petri, M. Revill, J. P. Riedinger, L. L. Rigby, S. V. Unsworth, C. Wang, X. Zhu, S. TI Non-yrast positive-parity structures in the gamma-soft nucleus Er-156 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL STATES; BETA-VIBRATIONS; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; DOUBLE VACUUM; TRIAXIALITY; SPECTRA; GD-154; MODEL; N=88 AB Weakly populated band structures have been established in Er-156 at low to medium spins, following the Cd-114(Ca-48,6n gamma) reaction at 215 MeV. High-fold gamma-ray coincidence data were recorded in a high-statistics experiment with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Bands built on the second 0(+) and 2(+) (gamma-vibrational) states have been established. A large energy staggering between the even-and odd-spin members of the gamma-vibrational band suggests a gamma-soft nature of this nucleus. An additional band is discussed as being based on a rotationally aligned (vh(9/2), f(7)/(2))(2) structure, coexisting with the systematically observed, more favorable (v(i13/2))(2) aligned structure seen in this mass region. C1 [Rees, J. M.; Paul, E. S.; Boston, H. C.; Judson, D. S.; Nolan, P. J.; Revill, J. P.; Rigby, S. V.; Unsworth, C.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Riley, M. A.; Wang, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Simpson, J.; Ollier, J.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Garg, U.; Matta, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lumley, N. M.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Petri, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Paul, ES (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM esp@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/F-3683-2015; Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/0000-0003-1679-3175; Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-0756474, PHY-0554762, PHY-0754674]; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-96ER40983]; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); State of Florida FX The authors acknowledge Paul Morrall for preparing the targets, and the ATLAS operations staff for the beam support. This work has been supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY-0756474 (FSU), No. PHY-0554762 (USNA), and No. PHY-0754674 (UND), the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), No. DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMD), No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBL), and No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UTK), the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and by the State of Florida. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 044314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044314 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 758JR UT WOS:000290161200001 ER PT J AU Baca, AJ Montgomery, JM Cambrea, LR Moran, M Johnson, L Yacoub, J Truong, TT AF Baca, Alfred J. Montgomery, Jason M. Cambrea, Lee R. Moran, Mark Johnson, Linda Yacoub, Jeanine Truong, Tu T. TI Optimization of Nanopost Plasmonic Crystals for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SILVER ELECTRODE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SPECTROSCOPY; ARRAYS; NANOHOLE; EXCITATION; MOLECULES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA AB We present experimental and theoretical studies of a type of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate composed of a metal coated square array of nanopost structures formed via soft nanoimprinting. These SERS substrates exhibit higher SERS intensities in comparison to those obtained with the corresponding square array of nanowell structures with similar spatial layouts and demonstrate multiple analyte detection using SERS. Three dimensional finite-difference time domain (3D-FDTD) simulations qualitatively capture the key features of these systems and suggest a route to the fabrication of optimized, highly efficient SERS substrates in s lico. Collectively, the ease of fabrication high sensitivities and predictable responses suggest an attractive route to SERS substrates for portable chemical warfare agent detection, environment monitors, and other applications. C1 [Baca, Alfred J.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Moran, Mark; Johnson, Linda] USN, NAVAIR NAWCWD, Res & Intelligence Dept, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Montgomery, Jason M.; Yacoub, Jeanine] Florida So Coll, Dept Chem, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Truong, Tu T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baca, AJ (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR NAWCWD, Res & Intelligence Dept, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM alfred.baca@navy.mil RI Truong, Tu/E-7029-2011 FU NAVAIR; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC02-05CH11231]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the NAVAIR Independent Applied Research (TAR) program managed by Scott Munro. The computational portion of this research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC02-05CH11231. A.J.B. would like to thank Prof. John A. Rogers for generously donating masters used in this work. J.M M. and J.Y. would like to thank Jeffrey M. McMahon for his parallel 3D FDTD code. A.J.B. would like to thank Dan Connor for SEM measurements and Drs. M.J. Roberts and G. Ostrom and Mr. Tyler A. Cain for helpful discussions. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 15 BP 7171 EP 7178 DI 10.1021/jp109066c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 748PP UT WOS:000289403200004 ER PT J AU Maness, HTD Nollens, HH Jensen, ED Goldstein, T LaMere, S Childress, A Sykes, J St Leger, J Lacave, G Latson, FE Wellehan, JFX AF Maness, Heather T. D. Nollens, Hendrik H. Jensen, Eric D. Goldstein, Tracey LaMere, Sarah Childress, April Sykes, John St Leger, Judy Lacave, Geraldine Latson, F. Ed Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. TI Phylogenetic analysis of marine mammal herpesviruses SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cetacean; Delphinid; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus; Marine mammal; Otariid; Phocid; Phylogeny; Pinniped; Taxonomy ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PHOCA-VITULINA; GAMMAHERPESVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; DOLPHINS; WHALES; ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES; INFECTIONS; DERMATITIS AB Five novel DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (Dpol) herpesviral sequences were generated using nested consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), orca (Orcinus orca), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), and a Phocid herpesvirus 2 (PhHV-2) isolate from a harbor seal (used as positive control). These novel sequences and other representative herpesvirus sequences were included in Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses to illustrate the phylogeny of herpesviruses amongst the marine mammal host species and in comparison to those of other animals. All 19 novel and known marine mammal herpesviruses included in the analyses aligned with members of the Alpha herpesvirinae or Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies. The novel harbor seal herpesvirus clustered with members of the Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. The novel bottlenose dolphin herpesvirus clustered together in a monophyletic group with another delphinid alphaherpesvirus but could not be associated with an established genus. The orca herpesvirus also clustered with a delphinid alphaherpesvirus and formed a separate clade. The sea lion herpesvirus clustered with PhHV-2. PhHV-1 clustered with varicelloviruses and PhHV-2 clustered strongly in the Gammaherpesvirinae genus Percavirus. All cetacean gammaherpesviruses formed a monophyletic clade and could not be associated with an established gammaherpesviral genus. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maness, Heather T. D.; Nollens, Hendrik H.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Maness, Heather T. D.; Nollens, Hendrik H.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik H.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [LaMere, Sarah] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Childress, April; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Zool Med Serv, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Childress, April; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Sykes, John] Los Angeles Zoo, Gottlieb Anim Hlth & Conservat Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [St Leger, Judy] SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Lacave, Geraldine] Marine Mammal Vet Serv, B-8310 Brugge, Belgium. [Lacave, Geraldine] Le Seaquarium, F-30240 Le Grau Du Roi, France. [Latson, F. Ed] Cent Pk Aquat Hlth, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Latson, F. Ed] Aquarium Niagara, Niagara Falls, NY 14301 USA. RP Maness, HTD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, POB 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM htdaniel@ufl.edu OI Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0250, N00014-09-1-0252]; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine FX This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants No. N00014-06-1-0250 and No. N00014-09-1-0252 to H.N. We would like to thank the Aquatic Animal Health program at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine for their support. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.035 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 743PS UT WOS:000289031600003 PM 21055885 ER PT J AU Chang, WLE Sarver, K Higgs, BW Read, TD Nolan, NME Chapman, CE Bishop-Lilly, KA Sozhamannan, S AF Chang, Wenling E. Sarver, Keri Higgs, Brandon W. Read, Timothy D. Nolan, Nichole M. E. Chapman, Carol E. Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. Sozhamannan, Shanmuga TI PheMaDB: A solution for storage, retrieval, and analysis of high throughput phenotype data SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHIBITORS AB Background: OmniLog T phenotype microarrays (PMs) have the capability to measure and compare the growth responses of biological samples upon exposure to hundreds of growth conditions such as different metabolites and antibiotics over a time course of hours to days. In order to manage the large amount of data produced from the OmniLog T instrument, PheMaDB (Phenotype Microarray DataBase), a web-based relational database, was designed. PheMaDB enables efficient storage, retrieval and rapid analysis of the OmniLog T PM data. Description: PheMaDB allows the user to quickly identify records of interest for data analysis by filtering with a hierarchical ordering of Project, Strain, Phenotype, Replicate, and Temperature. PheMaDB then provides various statistical analysis options to identify specific growth pattern characteristics of the experimental strains, such as: outlier analysis, negative controls analysis (signal/background calibration), bar plots, pearson's correlation matrix, growth curve profile search, k-means clustering, and a heat map plot. This web-based database management system allows for both easy data sharing among multiple users and robust tools to phenotype organisms of interest. Conclusions: PheMaDB is an open source system standardized for OmniLog T PM data. PheMaDB could facilitate the banking and sharing of phenotype data. The source code is available for download at http://phemadb.sourceforge.net. C1 [Chang, Wenling E.; Higgs, Brandon W.] Mitre Corp, Biotechnol, Mclean, VA USA. [Sarver, Keri] Mitre Corp, Innovat Informat Engn & Biometr, Mclean, VA USA. [Read, Timothy D.; Nolan, Nichole M. E.; Chapman, Carol E.; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Read, Timothy D.; Nolan, Nichole M. E.; Chapman, Carol E.; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chang, WLE (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Biotechnol, Mclean, VA USA. EM wchang@mitre.org RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; OI Higgs, Brandon/0000-0002-2951-0245 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [TMTI_IB06RSQ002] FX This work was supported by the Transformational Medical Technologies Program under contract TMTI_IB06RSQ002 through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to TDR and SS. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U. S. Government. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 109 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-12-109 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 766EG UT WOS:000290763200001 PM 21507258 ER PT J AU Konaklieva, MI Suwandi, LS Kostova, M Deschamps, J AF Konaklieva, Monika I. Suwandi, Lita S. Kostova, Maya Deschamps, Jeffrey TI 4,4-Bis(methylthio)azetidin-2-ones as synthons of 1,2-and 1,3-dicarbonyl systems SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beta-Lactams; 1,2-Dicarbonyl; 1,3-Dicarbonyl systems; 1,2,3-Vicinal tricarbonyl systems; C1-N4 bond breaking; CAN; alpha-Hydroxy-beta-keto-acid derivatives ID 1,2,3-TRICARBONYL COMPOUNDS; CHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES; METHODOLOGY; INHIBITORS; NUCLEUS; ESTERS AB The importance of beta-lactams as synthetic building blocks has been widely recognized in organic synthesis due to possible ring cleavage at any of the four single bonds of the beta-lactam ring. We now report reactions involving breaking of the N1-C4 bond in differently substituted at C3 4,4-bis(methylthio)azetidin-2-ones, leading to formation of 1,2- and 1,3-dicarbonyl systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Konaklieva, Monika I.; Suwandi, Lita S.; Kostova, Maya] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Konaklieva, MI (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM mkonak@american.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU American University FX M.I.K. is thankful to the American University for the financial support via the University Research Grant Program. Crystallographic studies were supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 16 BP 1909 EP 1912 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.046 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 765YV UT WOS:000290746200020 ER PT J AU Baines, EK McAlister, HA ten Brummelaar, TA Turner, NH Sturmann, J Sturmann, L Goldfinger, PJ Farrington, CD Ridgway, ST AF Baines, Ellyn K. McAlister, Harold A. ten Brummelaar, Theo A. Turner, Nils H. Sturmann, Judit Sturmann, Laszlo Goldfinger, P. J. Farrington, Christopher D. Ridgway, Stephen T. TI THE ANGULAR DIAMETER AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE OF THE LITHIUM-RICH K GIANT HD 148293 FROM THE CHARA ARRAY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (HD 148293); techniques: interferometric ID FE/H DETERMINATIONS; STARS; CATALOG; PARAMETERS; INTERFEROMETRY; CALIBRATION; EDITION; COLORS; IV AB We measured the angular diameter of the lithium-rich K giant star HD 148293 using Georgia State University's Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array interferometer. We used our measurement to calculate the star's effective temperature, which allowed us to place it on an H-R diagram to compare it with other Li-rich giants. Its placement supports the evidence presented by Charbonnel & Balachandran that it is undergoing a brief stage in its evolution where Li is being created. C1 [Baines, Ellyn K.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McAlister, Harold A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Turner, Nils H.; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Goldfinger, P. J.; Farrington, Christopher D.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Ridgway, Stephen T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Baines, EK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellyn.baines@nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [AST-0606958]; Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences; W.M. Keck Foundation; NASA [NNH09AK731] FX The CHARA Array is funded by the National Science Foundation through NSF grant AST-0606958 and by Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences, and by the W.M. Keck Foundation. S. T. R. acknowledges partial support by NASA grant NNH09AK731. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 731 IS 2 AR 132 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/132 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 753MM UT WOS:000289779600055 ER PT J AU Salyk, C Pontoppidan, KM Blake, GA Najita, JR Carr, JS AF Salyk, C. Pontoppidan, K. M. Blake, G. A. Najita, J. R. Carr, J. S. TI A SPITZER SURVEY OF MID-INFRARED MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. II. CORRELATIONS AND LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks ID T-TAURI-STARS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PLANET-FORMING REGION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG AE STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST DISKS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; I DARK CLOUD; ROSAT X-RAY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB We present an analysis of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of H2O, OH, HCN, C2H2, and CO2 emission, and Keck-NIRSPEC observations of CO emission, from a diverse sample of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be circumstellar disks. We find that detections and strengths of most mid-IR molecular emission features are correlated with each other, suggesting a common origin and similar excitation conditions for this mid-infrared line forest. Aside from the remarkable differences in molecular line strengths between T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be, and transitional disks discussed in Pontoppidan et al., we note that the line detection efficiency is anti-correlated with the 13/30 mu m spectral slope, which is a measure of the degree of grain settling in the disk atmosphere. We also note a correlation between detection efficiency and II alpha equivalent width, and tentatively with accretion rate, suggesting that accretional heating contributes to line excitation. If detected, H2O line fluxes are correlated with the mid-IR continuum flux, and other co-varying system parameters, such as L-star. However, significant sample variation, especially in molecular line ratios, remains, and its origin has yet to be explained. Local thermal equilibrium (LTE) models of the H2O emission show that line strength is primarily related to the best-fit emitting area, and this accounts for most source-to-source variation in H2O emitted flux. Best-fit temperatures and column densities cover only a small range of parameter space, near similar to 10(18) cm(-2) and 450 K for all sources, suggesting a high abundance of H2O in many planet-forming regions. Other molecules have a range of excitation temperatures from similar to 500 to 1500 K, also consistent with an origin in planet-forming regions. We find molecular ratios relative to water of similar to 10(-3) for all molecules, with the exception of CO, for which n(CO)/n(H2O) similar to 1. However, LTE fitting caveats and differences in the way thermo-chemical modeling results are reported make comparisons with such models difficult, and highlight the need for additional observations coupled with the use of line-generating radiative transfer codes. C1 [Salyk, C.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pontoppidan, K. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Blake, G. A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Najita, J. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Carr, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Salyk, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, 1 Univ Stn,C1402, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA [01201.01, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Eric Feigelson for useful discussions about the connection between C2H2 and PAHs. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. Support for K. M. P. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant No. 01201.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Re- search in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. Research support for J.S.C. was also provided by 6.1 base funding at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 86 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 731 IS 2 AR 130 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/130 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 753MM UT WOS:000289779600053 ER PT J AU Savani, NP Owens, MJ Rouillard, AP Forsyth, RJ Kusano, K Shiota, D Kataoka, R AF Savani, N. P. Owens, M. J. Rouillard, A. P. Forsyth, R. J. Kusano, K. Shiota, D. Kataoka, R. TI EVOLUTION OF CORONAL MASS EJECTION MORPHOLOGY WITH INCREASING HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE. I. GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; FIELD; STREAMER; MODEL; CMES AB At launch, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are often approximated as locally cylindrical objects with circular cross sections. However, CMEs have long been known to propagate almost radially away from the Sun along with the bulk solar wind. This has important consequences for the structure of CMEs; an initially circular cross section will be severely flattened by this radial motion. Yet calculations of total flux and helicity transport by CMEs based on in situ observations still use the assumption of a locally cylindrical object. In this paper, we investigate the morphology of an interplanetary CME based upon geometric arguments. By radially propagating an initial cylindrical object that maintains a constant ratio between its expansion speed and bulk flow, A, we show that the flattening, or "pancaking," of the two-dimensional cross section effectively ceases; the aspect ratios of these CMEs converge to a fixed value as they propagate further into the heliosphere. Thereafter the CME morphology is scale invariant. We predict aspect ratios of 5 +/- 1 at terrestrial distances. By correlating a planetary shock with an interplanetary shock linked to a CME, these aspect ratios are estimated using in situ measurements in Paper II. These estimates are made at various heliocentric distances. C1 [Savani, N. P.; Kusano, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Owens, M. J.] Univ Reading, Space Environm Phys Grp, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Owens, M. J.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Rouillard, A. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kusano, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Shiota, D.] RIKEN, Computat Astrophys Lab, Adv Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kataoka, R.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Savani, NP (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM neel.savani02@imperial.ac.uk RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877; Shiota, Daikou/0000-0002-9032-8792 NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 731 IS 2 AR 109 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/109 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 753MM UT WOS:000289779600032 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Ossakow, SL Joyce, G Makela, JJ Miller, ES Kelley, MC AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Ossakow, S. L. Joyce, G. Makela, J. J. Miller, E. S. Kelley, M. C. TI Modeling of equatorial plasma bubbles triggered by non-equatorial traveling ionospheric disturbances SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TO-DAY VARIABILITY; SPREAD-F; AIRGLOW OBSERVATIONS; REGION; SHEAR; IRREGULARITIES; HALEAKALA; EVOLUTION; HAWAII AB The Naval Research Laboratory three-dimensional simulation code SAMI3/ESF is used to study the response of the post-sunset ionosphere to electrified mesoscale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). An MSTID is modeled as an externally-imposed traveling-wave E field with wavelength 250 km and period 1 h that drives vertical E x B drifts of up to +/- 50 m/s. We find that the coupling between the MSTID at low-to mid-latitudes and the equatorial F layer leads to growth of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). This coupling is strongest when the wave vector is perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. Model results reproduce key features of observed nighttime MSTIDs and associated EPBs. Citation: Krall, J., J. D. Huba, S. L. Ossakow, G. Joyce, J. J. Makela, E. S. Miller, and M. C. Kelley (2011), Modeling of equatorial plasma bubbles triggered by non-equatorial traveling ionospheric disturbances, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08103, doi: 10.1029/2011GL046890. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ossakow, S. L.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Makela, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Miller, E. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NASA; University of Illinois under NSF [NSF-06-44654]; NSF [AGS-0924914] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA. Work at the University of Illinois is supported under NSF grant NSF-06-44654. ESM acknowledges support from NSF AGS-0924914. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08103 DI 10.1029/2011GL046890 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754KS UT WOS:000289854100003 ER PT J AU Namiki, T Tanemura, A Valencia, JC Coelho, SG Passeron, T Kawaguchi, M Vieira, WD Ishikawa, M Nishijima, W Izumo, T Kaneko, Y Katayama, I Yamaguchi, Y Yin, LL Polley, EC Liu, HF Kawakami, Y Eishi, Y Takahashi, E Yokozeki, H Hearing, VJ AF Namiki, Takeshi Tanemura, Atsushi Valencia, Julio C. Coelho, Sergio G. Passeron, Thierry Kawaguchi, Masakazu Vieira, Wilfred D. Ishikawa, Masashi Nishijima, Wataru Izumo, Toshiyuki Kaneko, Yasuhiko Katayama, Ichiro Yamaguchi, Yuji Yin, Lanlan Polley, Eric C. Liu, Hongfang Kawakami, Yutaka Eishi, Yoshinobu Takahashi, Eishi Yokozeki, Hiroo Hearing, Vincent J. TI AMP kinase-related kinase NUAK2 affects tumor growth, migration, and clinical outcome of human melanoma SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE sucrose nonfermenting-like kinase; chromosome 1q ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; SOLID TUMORS; ROC CURVES; IDENTIFICATION; 1Q; GAINS; TUMORIGENESIS; CANCER; PROLIFERATION AB The identification of genes that participate in melanomagenesis should suggest strategies for developing therapeutic modalities. We used a public array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) database and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses to identify the AMP kinase (AMPK)-related kinase NUAK2 as a candidate gene for melanomagenesis, and we analyzed its functions in melanoma cells. Our analyses had identified a locus at 1q32 where genomic gain is strongly associated with tumor thickness, and we used real-time qPCR analyses and regression analyses to identify NUAK2 as a candidate gene at that locus. Associations of relapse-free survival and overall survival of 92 primary melanoma patients with NUAK2 expression measured using immunohistochemistry were investigated using Kaplan-Meier curves, log rank tests, and Cox regression models. Knockdown of NUAK2 induces senescence and reduces S-phase, decreases migration, and down-regulates expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In vivo analysis demonstrated that knockdown of NUAK2 suppresses melanoma tumor growth in mice. Survival analysis showed that the risk of relapse is greater in acral melanoma patients with high levels of NUAK2 expression than in acral melanoma patients with low levels of NUAK2 expression (hazard ratio = 3.88; 95% confidence interval = 1.44-10.50; P = 0.0075). These data demonstrate that NUAK2 expression is significantly associated with the oncogenic features of melanoma cells and with the survival of acral melanoma patients. NUAK2 may provide a drug target to suppress melanoma progression. This study further supports the importance of NUAK2 in cancer development and tumor progression, while AMPK has antioncogenic properties. C1 [Namiki, Takeshi; Valencia, Julio C.; Coelho, Sergio G.; Passeron, Thierry; Kawaguchi, Masakazu; Vieira, Wilfred D.; Yamaguchi, Yuji; Yin, Lanlan; Hearing, Vincent J.] USN Hosp, NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Polley, Eric C.] USN Hosp, NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Liu, Hongfang] USN Hosp, NCI, Mol Pharmacol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tanemura, Atsushi; Katayama, Ichiro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Ishikawa, Masashi] Saitama Canc Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Kita Adachi, Saitama 3620806, Japan. [Nishijima, Wataru] Saitama Canc Ctr, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Kita Adachi, Saitama 3620806, Japan. [Izumo, Toshiyuki] Saitama Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Kita Adachi, Saitama 3620806, Japan. [Kaneko, Yasuhiko] Saitama Canc Ctr, Res Inst Clin Oncol, Kita Adachi, Saitama 3620806, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Yuji] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Kawakami, Yutaka] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Inst Adv Med Res, Div Cellular Signaling, Tokyo 1608582, Japan. [Eishi, Yoshinobu] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Pathol, Fac Med,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130034, Japan. [Takahashi, Eishi; Yokozeki, Hiroo] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Dermatol, Fac Med,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130034, Japan. RP Hearing, VJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM hearingv@nih.gov RI Kawakami, Yutaka /E-7429-2013; OI Kawakami, Yutaka /0000-0003-4836-2855; Passeron, Thierry/0000-0002-0797-6570 FU National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health FX We thank Drs. K. Miura (pathologist), T. Yamanaka (dermatologist), and K. Nishida, K. Sakamaki, A. Tamura, N. Ando, and C. Miyagishi (Pathology Staff Members) for their assistance. We also thank D. R. Lowy for valuable comments and suggestions about the study and Drs. Stuart Yuspa and Luowei Li for help with the wound-healing assay. We are grateful to Dr. Richard Simon for his advice and suggestions for improving and clarifying the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 16 BP 6597 EP 6602 DI 10.1073/pnas.1007694108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752GV UT WOS:000289680400054 PM 21460252 ER PT J AU Champlain, JG AF Champlain, James G. TI A first principles theoretical examination of graphene-based field effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GRAPHENE; FILMS; TRANSPORT AB This paper presents an in-depth theoretical examination of graphene-based field effect transistors, looking at thermal statistics, electrostatics, and electrodynamics. Using a first principles approach, the unique behavior observed in graphene-based field effect transistors, such as the V-shaped transfer characteristic, limited channel pinch-off, and lack of off-state ( under gate modulation), are described. Unlike previous attempts, a description of both drift and diffusion currents in the device is presented. The effect of external resistance on steady-state and high-frequency performance is examined. Comparisons of the theoretical results to experimental results are made and show good agreement. Finally, the theoretical work in this paper is used as a basis to discuss the possible source of some observed behavior in practical graphene-based field effect transistors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3573517] C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champlain, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.champlain@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 8 AR 084515 DI 10.1063/1.3573517 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 756XB UT WOS:000290047000213 ER PT J AU Nusinovich, GS Sprangle, P Romero-Talamas, CA Granatstein, VL AF Nusinovich, G. S. Sprangle, P. Romero-Talamas, C. A. Granatstein, V. L. TI Range, resolution and power of THz systems for remote detection of concealed radioactive materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GYROTRONS AB This paper analyzes parameters required for realizing remote detection of a concealed source of ionizing radiation by observing the occurrence of breakdown in air by a focused wave beam. Production of free electrons and the free electron density in the absence/presence of additional sources of ionization are analyzed. The maximum electron density in the discharge and the time required for this density to return after the discharge back to its stationary level, are estimated. The optimal excess of the power density and the corresponding power level as the function of frequency are determined. It is shown that the optimal frequency of such systems ranges from 0.3 up to 0.8 THz. The paper also determines the range of such systems as the function of the source frequency and power and contains a brief analysis of available sources of microwave, millimeter-wave and THz radiation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3572062] C1 [Nusinovich, G. S.; Romero-Talamas, C. A.; Granatstein, V. L.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sprangle, P.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nusinovich, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gregoryn@umd.edu RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 FU Office of Naval Research [000140911190] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. 000140911190. Stimulating discussions were held with T. M. Antonsen, Jr., G. M. Milikh, and J. Rynes. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 8 AR 083303 DI 10.1063/1.3572062 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 756XB UT WOS:000290047000021 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Feldman, U Seltzer, S Hudson, LT O'Brien, M Park, HS Seely, JF AF Szabo, Csilla I. Feldman, Uri Seltzer, Stephen Hudson, Lawrence T. O'Brien, Michelle Park, Hye-Sook Seely, John F. TI Efficiency calibrations of cylindrically bent transmission crystals in the 20 to 80 keV x-ray energy range SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROGRAPHY AB Two quartz (10-11) crystals were cylindrically bent to a 25: 4 cm radius of curvature and were mounted in identical Cauchois-type transmission spectrometers, and the crystal diffraction efficiencies were measured to 5% absolute accuracy using narrow bandwidth x-ray source fluences in the 20 to 80 keV energy range. The measured integrated reflectivity values were compared to calculations performed using a computational model that accounts for the diffraction geometry of the bent transmission crystal. These crystal calibrations enable the accurate measurement of absolute hard x- ray emission levels from laser- produced plasmas and other laboratory sources. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Park, Hye-Sook] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; O'Brien, Michelle] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.; Feldman, Uri; Seltzer, Stephen] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [B591129] FX This work was supported Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory project B591129. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or that they are necessarily the best for the application. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1337 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756SH UT WOS:000290034500010 PM 21499348 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F McKinney, JD Devgan, PS Campillo, AL Dexter, JL Williams, KJ AF Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank McKinney, Jason D. Devgan, Preetpaul S. Campillo, Anthony L. Dexter, James L. Williams, Keith J. TI Long-Haul Analog Photonics SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Analog optics; analog photonics; microwave photonics; optical fiber communication; optical fiber delay lines; photodetectors; photodiodes; RF photonics ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; MACH-ZEHNDER MODULATOR; STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBER TRANSMISSION; LASER PHASE NOISE; SUPPRESSED-CARRIER MODULATION; WAVE-FORM GENERATION; I-N PHOTODETECTORS; DYNAMIC-RANGE; CHROMATIC DISPERSION AB A paper on long-haul analog photonics is presented using theory and experimental results. Various analog fiber-optic modulation formats are reviewed, including intensity modulation with direct detection, phase modulation with interferometric demodulation, and suppressed-carried techniques. Modulation linearization methods are reviewed. The limitations of and requirements for photodiode detectors are described. C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Bucholtz, Frank; McKinney, Jason D.; Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Campillo, Anthony L.; Dexter, James L.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vincent.urick@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 180 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1182 EP 1205 DI 10.1109/JLT.2011.2119292 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 745XK UT WOS:000289204700009 ER PT J AU Jangveladze, T Kiguradze, Z Neta, B AF Jangveladze, Temur Kiguradze, Zurab Neta, Beny TI Galerkin finite element method for one nonlinear integro-differential model SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear integro-differential equations; Finite elements; Galerkin method ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM; SUBSTANCE AB Galerkin finite element method for the approximation of a nonlinear integro-differential equation associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance is studied. First type initial-boundary value problem is investigated. The convergence of the finite element scheme is proved. The rate of convergence is given too. The decay of the numerical solution is compared with the analytical results. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Neta, Beny] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jangveladze, Temur] Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ, Ilia Vekua Inst Appl Math, GE-0186 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu OI Neta, Beny/0000-0002-7417-7496 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 217 IS 16 BP 6883 EP 6892 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2011.01.053 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 730VW UT WOS:000288064600011 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI First-Principles Study of Adsorption of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate on the TiO2 Anatase (001) Surface: Formation of a Stable Titanyl (Ti=O) Site SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID WARFARE AGENT SIMULANT; FORMIC-ACID ADSORPTION; AB-INITIO; PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION; TIO2(110); DFT AB Ab initio calculations have been performed to model the molecular adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on the (001) surface of the anatase form of TiO2. Both the relaxed unreconstructed (1 x 1)- and the (4 x 1)reconstructed clean surfaces have been analyzed. Adsorption occurs via a Ti-O=P dative bond to a coordinatively unsaturated surface Ti site. In both cases, one of the two Ti-O-Ti bridge bonds at the Ti adsorption site breaks leading to the formation of a stable Ti=O titanyl group. This species has not been reported in previous studies of adsorption on TiO2 surfaces but is seen, in the present work, as an intermediate in the dissociative adsorption of H2O. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [TAS-CBS.FATE.03.10.NRL.001] FX This work was funded and supported by contract TAS-CBS.FATE.03.10.NRL.001 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Computer facilities were provided by the DOD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at the AFRL-MSRC; Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. R Orlando is thanked for advice and help with some of the CRYSTAL computational procedures. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 EI 1932-7455 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 14 BP 6741 EP 6747 DI 10.1021/jp200009s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 746BG UT WOS:000289215400074 ER PT J AU Ridout, JA Flatau, MK AF Ridout, James A. Flatau, Maria K. TI Convectively coupled Kelvin wave propagation past Sumatra: A June case and corresponding composite analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; MARITIME CONTINENT; SCALE CIRCULATION; MULTISCALE MODEL; TRMM SATELLITE; SQUALL LINE AB The propagation of two sequential convectively coupled (CC) Kelvin waves past Sumatra in June 2006 is examined in reanalysis data and satellite observations. Rainfall data are presented that are consistent with a considerable damping of the first wave. Such damping is not unexpected; however, reanalysis data suggest that in some instances, including the episode described here, CC Kelvin waves can condition the low-level flow in a manner that promotes passage of subsequent waves past the island. The mechanism involves a sustained northward shift in the low-level equatorial westerly winds and the latitude of zero absolute vorticity, generated as a CC Kelvin wave passes. For the June 2006 case, Kelvin wave filtered low-level winds are presented which are consistent with the view that such conditioning associated with the first wave caused the second wave to be shifted northward, assisting its eastward propagation. A vorticity analysis points to the development of widespread low-level divergence within a vortex to the west of Sumatra and associated vortex expansion as key factors in the observed conditioning. A composite analysis is presented for the region demonstrating recurring divergence events of this nature coupled with concomitant northward shifts in the dynamic equator. It finds that such events often occur in association with CC Kelvin waves, though the climatological extent to which the propagation of successor waves is affected is not addressed. Possible causes of the observed divergence events, including equatorial Rossby waves and contributions from transitions to stratiform convection, are investigated. C1 [Ridout, James A.; Flatau, Maria K.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ridout, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.ridout@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory [0601153N] FX The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. The provision of data used in this study is also gratefully acknowledged. The TRMM rainfall data were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni), a part of the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The CloudSat radar data were acquired from the Data Processing Center of the NASA CloudSat project. The ECMWF analysis data were provided by ECMWF for the YOTC program and were obtained from their Web site at http://data-portal. ecmwf.int/data/d/yotc_od/. The NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory under Program Element 0601153N. The work was supported in part by a grant of computing time from the Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Program. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D07106 DI 10.1029/2010JD014981 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751WH UT WOS:000289647900001 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Ma, WC Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Chowdhury, P Cullen, DM Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Hota, SS Ijaz, QA Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lakshmi, S Lauritsen, T Marsh, J Riedinger, LL Toh, Y Yadav, RB Zhu, S AF Mukhopadhyay, S. Ma, W. C. Janssens, R. V. F. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Chowdhury, P. Cullen, D. M. Hagemann, G. B. Hartley, D. J. Hota, S. S. Ijaz, Q. A. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lakshmi, S. Lauritsen, T. Marsh, J. Riedinger, L. L. Toh, Y. Yadav, R. B. Zhu, S. TI Quadrupole moment measurements for strongly deformed bands in Hf-171,Hf-172 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; NUCLEI; PHONON; MODE AB A lifetime experiment, using the Doppler-shift attenuation method, has been performed at Gammasphere to measure the transition quadrupole moments Q(t) of strongly deformed bands in Hf-171 and Hf-172. The measured value of Q(t) similar to 9.5 e b for the band labeled ED in Hf-171 strongly supports the recent suggestion that this sequence and several structures with similar properties in neighboring Hf isotopes are associated with a near-prolate shape with a deformation enhanced relative to that of normal deformed structures. The measured values of Q(t) similar to 14 e b for the bands labeled SD1 and SD3 in Hf-172 confirm that these sequences are associated with a prolate superdeformed shape, a property inferred in earlier work from other measured characteristics of the bands. Similar bands in (173) Hf-175 are also likely to be associated with superdeformed shapes. The observations are in contrast to predictions of cranking calculations performed with the ULTIMATE CRANKER code. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Ma, W. C.; Ijaz, Q. A.; Marsh, J.; Yadav, R. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chowdhury, P.; Hota, S. S.; Lakshmi, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Cullen, D. M.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Hagemann, G. B.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Toh, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Soundara Pandian, Lakshmi/C-8107-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Soundara Pandian, Lakshmi/0000-0003-3099-1039; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-95ER40939, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-FG02-94ER40848]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0854815] FX The authors thank the ANL operation staff at Gammasphere. Special thanks also go to J. P. Greene for target preparation. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Grants Nos. DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU), DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UT), and DE-FG02-94ER40848 (UML), as well as by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0854815 (USNA). NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 044311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044311 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 750BI UT WOS:000289518500004 ER PT J AU Pascut, GL Coldea, R Radaelli, PG Bombardi, A Beutier, G Mazin, II Johannes, MD Jansen, M AF Pascut, G. L. Coldea, R. Radaelli, P. G. Bombardi, A. Beutier, G. Mazin, I. I. Johannes, M. D. Jansen, M. TI Direct Observation of Charge Order in Triangular Metallic AgNiO2 by Single-Crystal Resonant X-Ray Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION SPECTRA; DISPROPORTIONATION; OXYCOMPOUNDS; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; NICKEL AB We report resonant x-ray scattering measurements on a single crystal of the orbitally degenerate triangular metallic antiferromagnet 2H-AgNiO2 to probe the spontaneous transition to a triple-cell superstructure at temperatures below T-S = 365 K. We observe a strong resonant enhancement of the supercell reflections through the Ni K edge. The empirically extracted K-edge shift between the crystallographically distinct Ni sites of 2.5(3) eV is much larger than the value expected from the shift in final states, and implies a core-level shift of similar to 1 eV, thus providing direct evidence for the onset of spontaneous honeycomb charge order in the triangular Ni layers. We also provide band-structure calculations that explain quantitatively the observed edge shifts in terms of changes in the Ni electronic energy levels due to charge order and hybridization with the surrounding oxygens. C1 [Pascut, G. L.; Coldea, R.; Radaelli, P. G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Pascut, G. L.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Bombardi, A.; Beutier, G.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Mazin, I. I.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jansen, M.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Pascut, GL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bombardi, Alessandro/J-8098-2012 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; FU EPSRC UK; University of Bristol; Harold Herbert Potter Fund FX We acknowledge support from EPSRC UK and a studentship from the University of Bristol and Harold Herbert Potter Fund (G. L. P.). We thank E. Wawrzynska and M. Brunelli for characterizing the polycrystalline sample on Beamline ID31 at the ESRF. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 15 AR 157206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.157206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750DF UT WOS:000289524200016 PM 21568611 ER PT J AU Monteiro, MA Britton, S Applebee, LA Baqar, S AF Monteiro, Mario A. Britton, Stacey Applebee, Lisa A. Baqar, Shahida TI Synthesis and immunogenicity of a Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-based conjugate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; Vaccine; Lipopolysaccharide; Glycoconjugate ID GASTRIC-CANCER; POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIGENICITY; INFECTION; CHAIN; MICE AB Helicobacter pylori infection in humans is responsible for the onset of severe gastric disorders and a vaccine would be an improvement over current antibiotic-based treatments. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; O-chain PS -> core -> lipid A) is a main H. pylori cell wall component, whose O-chain PS exhibits molecular mimicry and therefore any LPS-based vaccine cannot contain O-chain epitopes. Here, the conjugation of de-lipidated H. pylori O:2 LPS to BSA and its immunogenicity in mice is described. IgG antibodies were observed to recognize the LPSs of representative H. pylori serotypes O:1, O:2 and O:5, and more significantly, the core region of H. pylori. This study showed that a monovalent H. pylori LPS conjugate can elicit antibodies that recognize other serotype-specific H. pylori LPSs and specifically the structurally conserved LPS inner-regions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Monteiro, Mario A.; Britton, Stacey] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Applebee, Lisa A.; Baqar, Shahida] USN, Dept Enter Dis, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Monteiro, MA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM monteiro@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Navy Research and Development work unit [6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308] FX This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the U.S. Navy Research and Development work unit 6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308. The Institutional animal Care and Use committee of The Naval Medical Research Center approved the animal use for experimentation. The experiments were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Animal Resources. We thank Mr. Chad Porter (NMRC) for performing repeated measure ANOVA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of the Navy, or the US Government. The NIAID affiliation of SB is for identification purposes only; NIAID does not endorse the research findings. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 17 BP 3098 EP 3102 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.063 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 764BJ UT WOS:000290603100003 PM 21382488 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Iverson, E Defang, G Blair, PJ Eberly, LE Maguire, J Ganesan, A Faix, D Duplessis, C Lalani, T Whitman, T Brandt, C Macalino, G Millar, EV Burgess, T AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Iverson, Erik Defang, Gabriel Blair, Patrick J. Eberly, Lynn E. Maguire, Jason Ganesan, Anuradha Faix, Dennis Duplessis, Christopher Lalani, Tahaniyat Whitman, Timothy Brandt, Carolyn Macalino, Grace Millar, Eugene V. Burgess, Timothy TI Durability of antibody responses after receipt of the monovalent 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Pandemic 2009 H1N1; Vaccine responses; HIV; Durability; Long-term immunity ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; INACTIVATED INFLUENZA; DOUBLE-BLIND; VIRUS-VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; TRIAL; IMMUNIZATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are at risk for severe influenza infections. Although vaccination against the H1N1 pandemic influenza strain is recommended, currently there are no data on the durability of post-vaccination antibody responses in this population. Methods: HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults (18-50 years old) received a single dose of monovalent 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (strain A/California/7/2009H1N1). Antibody levels to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain were determined at day 0, day 28, and 6 months by hemagglutination-inhibition assay. A seroprotective response was a post-vaccination titer of >= 1:40 among those with a pre-vaccination level of <= 1:10. Geometric mean titers (GMT) and factors associated with higher levels were also evaluated. Results: We studied 127 participants with a median age of 35 (interquartile range (IQR) 28, 42) years. Among the HIV-infected arm (n = 63), the median CD4 count was 595 (IQR 476, 819) cells/mm(3) and 83% were receiving HAART. Thirty-five percent of all participants had a pre-vaccination level of > 1:10. HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected adults were less likely to generate a seroprotective response at day 28(54% vs. 75%, adjusted OR 0.23, p = 0.021) or have a durable response at 6 months post-vaccination (28% vs. 56%, adjusted OR 0.19, p = 0.005). Additionally, although pre-vaccination GMT were similar in both arms (median 7 vs. 8, p = 0.11), the GMT at 6 months was significantly lower among HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected adults (median 20 vs. 113, p = 0.003). Among HIV-infected persons, younger age (p = 0.035) and receipt of HAART (p = 0.028) were associated with higher GMTs at 6 months. Conclusions: Despite vaccination, most HIV-infected adults do not generate durable seroprotective antibody responses to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus, and hence may remain vulnerable to infection. In addition to HAART use, more immunogenic vaccines are likely needed for improving protection against influenza in this population. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Iverson, Erik; Eberly, Lynn E.; Maguire, Jason; Ganesan, Anuradha; Lalani, Tahaniyat; Whitman, Timothy; Brandt, Carolyn; Macalino, Grace; Millar, Eugene V.; Burgess, Timothy] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Iverson, Erik; Eberly, Lynn E.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Defang, Gabriel; Burgess, Timothy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Blair, Patrick J.; Faix, Dennis] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) [IDCRP-053]; Department of Defense (DoD) through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072]; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center [I204_10] FX Support for this work (IDCRP-053) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. In addition, funding was provided by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System via project I204_10. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NIH or the Department of Health and Human Services, the DoD or the Departments of the Army. Navy or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 17 BP 3183 EP 3191 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.040 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 764BJ UT WOS:000290603100016 PM 21371580 ER PT J AU Ollier, J Simpson, J Riley, MA Paul, ES Wang, X Aguilar, A Carpenter, MP Darby, IG Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Nolan, PJ Petri, M Rees, JM Rigby, SV Teal, C Thomson, J Unsworth, C Zhu, S Kardan, A Ragnarsson, I AF Ollier, J. Simpson, J. Riley, M. A. Paul, E. S. Wang, X. Aguilar, A. Carpenter, M. P. Darby, I. G. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Nolan, P. J. Petri, M. Rees, J. M. Rigby, S. V. Teal, C. Thomson, J. Unsworth, C. Zhu, S. Kardan, A. Ragnarsson, I. TI Structure changes in Er-160 from low to ultrahigh spin SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; DETECTOR ARRAYS; NUCLEI; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; DY-156; TERMINATION; SYSTEMATICS; ALIGNMENT AB A spectroscopic investigation of the gamma decays from excited states in Er-160 has been performed in order to study the changing structural properties exhibited from low spin up toward ultrahigh spin (I similar to 60 h). The nucleus Er-160 was populated by the reaction Cd-116(Ca-48,4n gamma) at a beam energy of 215 MeV, and resulting gamma decays were studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. New rotational structures and extensions to existing bands were observed, revealing a diverse range of quasiparticle configurations, which are discussed in terms of the cranked shell model. At spins around 50h there is evidence for oblate states close to the yrast line. Three rotational bands that have the characteristics of strongly deformed triaxial structures are observed, marking a return to collectivity at even higher spin. The high-spin data are interpreted within the framework of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. C1 [Ollier, J.; Simpson, J.] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Riley, M. A.; Wang, X.; Aguilar, A.; Teal, C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Paul, E. S.; Nolan, P. J.; Petri, M.; Rees, J. M.; Rigby, S. V.; Thomson, J.; Unsworth, C.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Darby, I. G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kardan, A.] Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Mashhad, Iran. [Kardan, A.; Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Ollier, J (reprint author), STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-0756474, PHY-0554762]; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-96ER40983]; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council; Swedish Science Research Council; State of Florida FX The authors acknowledge Paul Morrall for preparing the targets, and the ATLAS operations staff for assistance. This work has been supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under grants No. PHY-0756474 (FSU) and PHY-0554762 (USNA), and the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMD), DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBL), and DE-FG02-96ER40983(UTK), the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Swedish Science Research Council, and the State of Florida. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 12 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 044309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044309 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 750BH UT WOS:000289518300003 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Bucholtz, F AF Nichols, J. M. Bucholtz, F. TI Beating Nyquist with light: a compressively sampled photonic link SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION AB We report the successful demonstration of a compressively sampled photonic link. The system takes advantage of recent theoretical developments in compressive sampling to enable signal recovery beyond the Nyquist limit of the digitizer. This rather remarkable result requires that (1) the signal being recovered has a sparse (low-dimensional) representation and (2) the digitized samples be incoherent with this representation. We describe an all-photonic system architecture that meets these requirements and then show that 1GHz harmonic signals can be faithfully reconstructed even when digitizing at 500MS/s, well below the Nyquist rate. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 11 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 8 BP 7339 EP 7348 DI 10.1364/OE.19.007339 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762MI UT WOS:000290482500032 PM 21503044 ER PT J AU White, MR Jacobson, IG Smith, B Wells, TS Gackstetter, GD Boyko, EJ Smith, TC AF White, Martin R. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Gackstetter, Gary D. Boyko, Edward J. Smith, Tyler C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Health care utilization among complementary and alternative medicine users in a large military cohort SO BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MILLENNIUM COHORT; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; PREVALENCE; THERAPIES; SELECTION; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS; SCORES; TRENDS AB Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine use and how it impacts health care utilization in the United States Military is not well documented. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study we describe the characteristics of CAM users in a large military population and document their health care needs over a 12-month period. The aim of this study was to determine if CAM users are requiring more physician-based medical services than users of conventional medicine. Methods: Inpatient and outpatient medical services were documented over a 12-month period for 44,287 participants from the Millennium Cohort Study. Equal access to medical services was available to anyone needing medical care during this study period. The number and types of medical visits were compared between CAM and non-CAM users. Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression was applied for the analysis. Results: Of the 44,287 participants, 39% reported using at least one CAM therapy, and 61% reported not using any CAM therapies. Those individuals reporting CAM use accounted for 45.1% of outpatient care and 44.8% of inpatient care. Individuals reporting one or more health conditions were 15% more likely to report CAM use than non-CAM users and 19% more likely to report CAM use if reporting one or more health symptoms compared to non-CAM users. The unadjusted odds ratio for hospitalizations in CAM users compared to non-CAM users was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16-1.43). The mean number of days receiving outpatient care for CAM users was 7.0 days and 5.9 days for non-CAM users (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study found those who report CAM use were requiring more physician-based medical services than users of conventional medicine. This appears to be primarily the result of an increase in the number of health conditions and symptoms reported by CAM users. C1 [White, Martin R.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Besa; Wells, Timothy S.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP White, MR (reprint author), USN, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM martin.white@med.navy.mil FU Department of Veterans Affairs; Henry M. Jackson Foundation FX We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD.; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. The Department of Veterans Affairs supported Dr. Boyko's involvement in this research. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2000.0007). NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6882 J9 BMC COMPLEM ALTERN M JI BMC Complement. Altern. Med. PD APR 11 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1472-6882-11-27 PG 11 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 755SF UT WOS:000289956000001 PM 21481260 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Corson, M McGlothlin, NR Butcher, SD Wood, DL Korwan, DR Li, RR Snyder, WA Davis, CO Chen, DT AF Lucke, Robert L. Corson, Michael McGlothlin, Norman R. Butcher, Steve D. Wood, Daniel L. Korwan, Daniel R. Li, Rong R. Snyder, Willliam A. Davis, Curt O. Chen, Davidson T. TI Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean: instrument description and first images SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; DESIGN AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is the first spaceborne hyperspectral sensor designed specifically for the coastal ocean and estuarial, riverine, or other shallow-water areas. The HICO generates hyperspectral images, primarily over the 400-900nm spectral range, with a ground sample distance of approximate to 90m (at nadir) and a high signal-to-noise ratio. The HICO is now operating on the International Space Station (ISS). Its cross-track and along-track fields of view are 42km (at nadir) and 192 km, respectively, for a total scene area of 8000km(2). The HICO is an innovative prototype sensor that builds on extensive experience with airborne sensors and makes extensive use of commercial off-the-shelf components to build a space sensor at a small fraction of the usual cost and time. Here we describe the instrument's design and characterization and present early images from the ISS. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Lucke, Robert L.; Corson, Michael; Korwan, Daniel R.; Li, Rong R.; Snyder, Willliam A.; Chen, Davidson T.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McGlothlin, Norman R.; Butcher, Steve D.; Wood, Daniel L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Davis, Curt O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.lucke@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency FX The HICO was built by the NRL as a fast-response program to seize a flight opportunity on the ISS. This rapid response was made possible by the Innovative Naval Prototype (INP) program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The HICO was integrated and flown under the direction of the Department of Defense's Space Test Program. We gratefully acknowledge support from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency for the launch and support of the HREP on the ISS. We thank Bo-Cai Gao for analyzing the on-orbit wavelength calibration data. NR 17 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 10 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1501 EP 1516 DI 10.1364/AO.50.001501 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746VY UT WOS:000289277200001 PM 21478922 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Huba, JD Saito, A Lin, CH Liu, JY AF Chen, C. H. Huba, J. D. Saito, A. Lin, C. H. Liu, J. Y. TI Theoretical study of the ionospheric Weddell Sea Anomaly using SAMI2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; F2-LAYER; MIDDLE; RADAR AB The ionospheric Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) was first reported more than five decades ago based on ionosonde data near the Antarctica peninsula. The WSA is an ionospheric structure characterized by a larger nighttime electron density than daytime density. Recent satellite observations indicate that the WSA can extend from South America and Antarctica to the central Pacific. The major physical mechanisms that have been suggested for the WSA formation are an equatorward neutral wind, an electric field, the photoionization, and the downward diffusion from the plasmasphere. On the basis of the theoretical modeling performed in this study using the SAMI2 model, an equatorward neutral wind is identified as the major cause of the WSA, while the downward flux from the plasmasphere provides an additional plasma source to enhance or maintain the density of the anomalous structure. C1 [Chen, C. H.; Saito, A.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lin, C. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lin, C. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Earth Dynam Syst Res Ctr, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM clin@pssc.ncku.edu.tw RI 魏, 孝慈/D-1493-2012; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Interchange Association, Japan (IAJ); Office of Naval Research; NASA; NSC [98-2111-M-006-003-MY2] FX C. H. Chen is supported by Interchange Association, Japan (IAJ). The work of J.D.H. was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA. C. H. L. is supported by NSC 98-2111-M-006-003-MY2. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A04305 DI 10.1029/2010JA015573 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 747YT UT WOS:000289357900001 ER PT J AU Geiman, JD Kirby, JT Reniers, AJHM MacMahan, JH AF Geiman, J. D. Kirby, J. T. Reniers, A. J. H. M. MacMahan, J. H. TI Effects of wave averaging on estimates of fluid mixing in the surf zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RIP CURRENTS; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; LONGSHORE-CURRENT; DISPERSION; BREAKING; MODEL; TRANSFORMATION; STATISTICS; INCIDENT; SYSTEM AB Irrotational surface gravity waves approach the beach and break at a relatively high frequency, while vorticity generated by each new wave breaking event strongly interacts with the existing vorticity distribution at relatively low frequencies, leading to a surf zone that is energetic over a wide range of temporal scales. This poses a challenge to any surf zone model to accurately resolve all relevant scales. One approach to sidestep this issue is to use a short-wave-averaged model, where fast-scale wave effects are included as forcing terms for the mean current. This is in contrast to Boussinesq wave-resolving models, where each individual wave is resolved along with any ambient current. In general, these two models will predict different current fields for the same wave and bathymetric input and therefore predict different mixing behavior of the flow. Using Lagrangian methods, we compare wave-averaged and wave-resolving model results to data from the RCEX experiment, which mapped the rip current circulation over a rip-channeled bathymetry using nearshore surface drifters. Absolute and pair dispersion estimates, including the finite size Lyapunov exponent, based on virtual trajectories are shown to be consistent with field observations, except for scales less than 5 m, where field drifters predict greater pair dispersion than both models because of either unresolved subgrid processes or GPS error. A simple Lagrangian stochastic model is able to reproduce some of this short time and length scale diffusivity found in the observational data. C1 [Geiman, J. D.; Kirby, J. T.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [MacMahan, J. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Reniers, A. J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Geiman, JD (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jgeiman@udel.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0727376, OCE 0927235, OCE 0728324]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0556, N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N00014-07-WR-20226, N00014-08-WR-20006] FX J.G. and J.K. are supported by the National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program through grant OCE 0727376. A.R. was supported by ONR contract N00014-07-1-0556 and the National Science Foundation OCE 0927235. J.M. was supported by ONR contract N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N00014-07-WR-20226, N00014-08-WR-20006, and the National Science Foundation OCE 0728324. Although many assisted in the data collection at RCEX, special thanks are due to Jeff Brown, Jenna Brown, and Tim Stanton for their vital role in collecting and processing the bathymetry, drifter, and ADCP data used in this paper. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04006 DI 10.1029/2010JC006678 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 747ZP UT WOS:000289360100002 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ AF Lin, Ray-Qing Kuang, Weijia TI A fully nonlinear, dynamically consistent numerical model for solid-body ship motion. I. Ship motion with fixed heading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ship motion; nonlinearity; hydrodynamics; solid body; numerical model ID WAVES AB In this paper, we describe the details of our numerical model for simulating ship solid-body motion in a given environment. In this model, the fully nonlinear dynamical equations governing the time-varying solid-body ship motion under the forces arising from ship-wave interactions are solved with given initial conditions. The net force and moment (torque) on the ship body are directly calculated via integration of the hydrodynamic pressure over the wetted surface and the buoyancy effect from the underwater volume of the actual ship hull with a hybrid finite-difference/finite-element method. Neither empirical nor free parametrization is introduced in this model, i.e. no a priori experimental data are needed for modelling. This model is benchmarked with many experiments of various ship hulls for heave, roll and pitch motion. In addition to the benchmark cases, numerical experiments are also carried out for strongly nonlinear ship motion with a fixed heading. These new cases demonstrate clearly the importance of nonlinearities in ship motion modelling. C1 [Lin, Ray-Qing] NSWCCD, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), NSWCCD, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM ray.lin@navy.mil RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 FU David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock Division; NASA ESIP; MFRP FX R.L. is supported by ILIR programme from the David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock Division. W. K. is supported by NASA ESIP and MFRP. We thank T. Applebee and J. Gorski of the David Taylor Model Basin, Hydromechanics Department for their help on this work. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD APR 8 PY 2011 VL 467 IS 2128 BP 911 EP 927 DI 10.1098/rspa.2010.0310 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 726OX UT WOS:000287735600001 ER PT J AU Martini, M Allen, DJ Pickering, KE Stenchikov, GL Richter, A Hyer, EJ Loughner, CP AF Martini, Matus Allen, Dale J. Pickering, Kenneth E. Stenchikov, Georgiy L. Richter, Andreas Hyer, Edward J. Loughner, Christopher P. TI The impact of North American anthropogenic emissions and lightning on long-range transport of trace gases and their export from the continent during summers 2002 and 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE PRODUCTION; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; REGIONAL AIR-POLLUTION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENERATED NOX; SURFACE OZONE; SCALE-MODEL; STERAO-A; CHEMISTRY AB We analyze the contribution of North American (NA) lightning and anthropogenic emissions to ozone concentrations, radiative forcing, and export fluxes from North America during summers 2002 and 2004 using the University of Maryland Chemical Transport Model (UMD-CTM) driven by GEOS-4 reanalysis. Reduced power plant emissions (NOx SIP Call) and cooler temperatures in 2004 compared to 2002 resulted in lower ambient ozone concentrations over the eastern United States. Lightning flash rates in early summer 2004 were 50% higher than 2002 over the United States. Over the North Atlantic, changes in ozone column between early summer 2002 and 2004 due to changes in lightning and meteorology exceeded the change due to emission reductions by a factor of 7. Late summer changes in lightning had a much smaller impact on ozone columns. In summer 2004, net downward radiative flux at the tropopause due to ozone produced from anthropogenic emissions ranged from 0.15 to 0.30 W m(-2) across the North Atlantic, while that due to ozone produced from lightning NO emissions ranged from 0.20 to 0.50 W m(-2). Enhanced lofting of polluted air followed by stronger westerly winds led to more net export of NOx, NOy, and ozone in early summer 2004 than 2002 despite reduced anthropogenic emissions. Ozone export fluxes across the eastern NA boundary due to anthropogenic emissions were factors of 1.6 and 2 larger than those due to lightning in 2004 and 2002, respectively. Doubling the NA lightning NO source increased downwind ozone enhancements due to lightning NO emissions by one third. C1 [Martini, Matus; Allen, Dale J.; Loughner, Christopher P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hyer, Edward J.] USN, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Richter, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Stenchikov, Georgiy L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Stenchikov, Georgiy L.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. RP Martini, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martini@atmos.umd.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Stenchikov, Georgiy Lvovich/0000-0001-9033-4925; Martini, Matus/0000-0003-0459-4988; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA [NNG04GD32G, NNG06GE01G, NNG06GB52G] FX This work was funded under NASA grants NNG04GD32G and NNG06GE01G (Interdisciplinary Science Investigation) and under NASA grant NNG06GB52G from the Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Model simulations have been conducted at NCCS at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank the INTEX-A science team for the aircraft measurements and Anne Thompson for IONS measurements. The NLDN data were collected by Vaisala, Inc., and archived by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. OTD/LIS data were processed by NASA Marshall. We thank Owen Cooper for the IC/CG ratios prepared by Dennis Boccippio. We thank Arlene Fiore and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We also thank Ross Salawitch and Amanda Evans for their revisions and comments. NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D07305 DI 10.1029/2010JD014305 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747ZN UT WOS:000289359900001 ER PT J AU Stermole, BM Grandits, GA Roediger, MP Clark, BM Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, NF Ferguson, TM Macalino, GE Landrum, ML AF Stermole, Benjamin M. Grandits, Greg A. Roediger, Mollie P. Clark, Brychan M. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ferguson, Tomas M. Macalino, Grace E. Landrum, Michael L. TI Long-term safety and serologic response to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in HIV-1 infected adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Measles; Mumps; MMR Vaccine; Human immunodeficiency virus; Vaccines; Vaccination ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION ASSAY; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; VARICELLA VACCINE; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY AB We analyzed HIV viral load (VL) and CD4 count changes, and antibody responses following MMR vaccination of individuals in the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study cohort. Cases receiving at least one dose of MMR vaccine after HIV diagnosis were matched 1:2 to HIV-positive controls not receiving the vaccine. Baseline was defined as time of vaccination for cases and indexed and matched to the time post-HIV diagnosis for controls. Changes in CD4 count and VL at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were compared between cases and controls using a general linear model. Available sera from cases were tested for MMR seropositivity at baseline and post-vaccination at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Overall mean CD4 count change from baseline through 24 months was 20 (+/- 23) cells/mu L greater for cases than controls (p = 0.39). Similar non-significant changes in CD4 cell count were seen in the subset of those not on HAART at baseline. VL changes were small and similar between groups (mean differential change -0.04 (+/- 0.18) log(10) copies/mL; p = 0.84). Of 21 vaccinated participants with baseline serologic testing, 14(67%) were reactive to measles, 19 (91%) to mumps, and 20 (95%) to rubella. Three (43%) of 7 participants nonreactive to measles developed measles IgG; for mumps, 1(50%) of 2 developed mumps IgG; for rubella, 1(100%) developed rubella IgG. MMR vaccination did not result in detrimental immunologic or virologic changes through 24 months post-vaccination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stermole, Benjamin M.; Landrum, Michael L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Grandits, Greg A.; Roediger, Mollie P.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Grandits, Greg A.; Roediger, Mollie P.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Macalino, Grace E.; Landrum, Michael L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Clark, Brychan M.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ferguson, Tomas M.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011, Y1-AI-5072, Y01 AI005072]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 16 BP 2874 EP 2880 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 757CU UT WOS:000290062700010 PM 21352938 ER PT J AU Radko, T Kamenkovich, I AF Radko, Timour Kamenkovich, Igor TI Semi-Adiabatic Model of the Deep Stratification and Meridional Overturning SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; GLOBAL THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WATER-MASS TRANSFORMATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINDS; RESOLUTION OCEAN MODELS; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; VENTILATED THERMOCLINE; DIAPYCNAL DIFFUSION; EDDY TRANSFER; GULF-STREAM AB An analytical model of the Atlantic deep stratification and meridional overturning circulation is presented that illustrates the dynamic coupling between the Southern Ocean and the midlatitude gyres. The model, expressed here in terms of the two-and-a-half-layer framework, predicts the stratification and meridional transport as a function of the mechanical and thermodynamic forcing at the sea surface. The approach is based on the classical elements of large-scale circulation theory ideal thermocline, inertial western boundary currents, and eddy-controlled Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) models which are combined to produce a consistent three-dimensional view of the global overturning. The analytical tractability is achieved by assuming and subsequently verifying that the pattern of circulation in the model is largely controlled by adiabatic processes: the time-mean and eddy-induced isopycnal advection of buoyancy. The mean stratification of the lower thermocline is determined by the surface forcing in the ACC and, to a lesser extent, by the North Atlantic Deep Water formation rate. Although the vertical small-scale mixing and the diapycnal eddy-flux components can substantially influence the magnitude of overturning, their effect on the net stratification of the midlatitude ocean is surprisingly limited. The analysis in this paper suggests the interpretation of the ACC as an active lateral boundary layer that does not passively adjust to the prescribed large-scale solution but instead forcefully controls the interior pattern. C1 [Radko, Timour] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kamenkovich, Igor] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0623524, OCE 0749723] FX The authors thank William Dewar, Michael Spall, and reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE 0623524 and OCE 0749723) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 757 EP 780 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4538.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 757AV UT WOS:000290057200007 ER PT J AU Gitelson, AA Gao, BC Li, RR Berdnikov, S Saprygin, V AF Gitelson, Anatoly A. Gao, Bo-Cai Li, Rong-Rong Berdnikov, Sergey Saprygin, Vladislav TI Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in productive turbid waters using a Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean-the Azov Sea case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll-a; HICO; NIR-red algorithm; remote sensing; turbid productive waters ID BIOOPTICAL PARAMETER VARIABILITY; REMOTE ESTIMATION; RADIANCE SPECTRA; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHMS; SCATTERING; ESTUARIES; COLOR; MODEL; PEAK AB We present here the results of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration estimation using the red and near infrared (NIR) spectral bands of a Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) in productive turbid waters of the Azov Sea, Russia. During the data collection campaign in the summer of 2010 in Taganrog Bay and the Azov Sea, water samples were collected and concentrations of chl-a were measured analytically. The NIR-red models were tuned to optimize the spectral band selections and chl-a concentrations were retrieved from HICO data. The NIR-red three-band model with HICO-retrieved reflectances at wavelengths 684, 700, and 720 nm explained more than 85% of chl-a concentration variation in the range from 19.67 to 93.14 mg m(-3) and was able to estimate chl-a with root mean square error below 10 mg m(-3). The results indicate the high potential of HICO data to estimate chl-a concentration in turbid productive (Case II) waters in real-time, which will be of immense value to scientists, natural resource managers, and decision makers involved in managing the inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Gitelson, Anatoly A.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol CALMIT, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Berdnikov, Sergey; Saprygin, Vladislav] Russian Acad Sci, So Sci Ctr, Rostov Na Donu 344000, Russia. RP Gitelson, AA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol CALMIT, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM agitelson2@unl.edu RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012 FU US Office of Naval Research; University of Nebraska; NASA [NNG06GG17G] FX This research is partially supported by the US Office of Naval Research. Anatoly Gitelson is supported by the University of Nebraska and by a NASA LCLUC program grant NNG06GG17G. Sergey Berdnikov and Vlad Saprygin are UNL collaborators on the NASA funded project. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful and critical comments improving the original manuscript. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR 024023 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024023 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826BQ UT WOS:000295326800023 ER PT J AU Bienek, DR Charlton, DG AF Bienek, Diane R. Charlton, David G. TI Accuracy of User-Friendly Blood Typing Kits Tested Under Simulated Military Field Conditions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION CARDS; DENTAL EQUIPMENT; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY AB Rapid user-friendly ABO Rh blood typing kits (Eldon Home Kit 2511, ABO Rh Combination Blood Typing Experiment Kit) were evaluated to determine their accuracy when used under simulated military field conditions and after long-term storage at various temperatures and humidities. Rates of positive tests between control groups, experimental groups, and industry standards were measured and analyzed using the Fisher's exact chi-square method to identify significant differences (p <= 0.05). When Eldon Home Kits 2511 were used in various operational conditions, the results were comparable to those obtained with the control group and with the industry standard. The performance of the ABO Rh Combination Blood Typing Experiment Kit was adversely affected by prolonged storage in temperatures above 37 degrees C. The diagnostic performance of commercial blood typing kits varies according to product and environmental storage conditions. C1 [Bienek, Diane R.; Charlton, David G.] USN, Med Res Unit San Antonio Gen Dynam Informat Techn, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit San Antonio Gen Dynam Informat Techn, 8315 Navy Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. FU Office of Naval Research: Naval Warrior Applications Division, work unit [G1010] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research: Naval Warrior Applications Division, work unit G1010. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BO UT WOS:000295246100018 PM 21539170 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Qidwai, SM Rowenhorst, DJ Geltmacher, AB AF Lewis, A. C. Qidwai, S. M. Rowenhorst, D. J. Geltmacher, A. B. TI Correlation between crystallographic orientation and mechanical response in a three-dimensional beta-Ti microstructure SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTRAGRANULAR BEHAVIOR; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; 3D RECONSTRUCTION; TITANIUM-ALLOY; X-RAY; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; SIMULATIONS; COMPOSITES; CRYSTALS AB Three-dimensional image-based modeling is used to investigate the correlations between crystallographic orientation and mechanical response in a body-centered cubic (BCC) beta-titanium microstructure. Statistical significance is achieved by combining the simulation data of multiple image-based crystal plasticity models. Each individual model contains similar to 100 grains and is subjected to uniaxial and biaxial tensile loading conditions. Although the use of smaller sub-volumes instead of a single large representative volume may preclude accurate prediction of the global stress-strain response of the material, it is demonstrated here that the microstructural and mechanical information at the local (grain) scale can be used to establish statistically significant microstructure-property correlations. It is shown that grains with < 100 > orientations aligned with the loading axis experienced much smaller effective stresses and strains than those with < 110 > and < 111 > orientations aligned with the loading axis under both types of loading conditions. C1 [Lewis, A. C.; Rowenhorst, D. J.; Geltmacher, A. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qidwai, S. M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; DARPA [N0001407WX20381] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and DARPA under Grant No. N0001407WX20381 (Dr. Julie Christodoulou, program manager). FE Simulations were performed through the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The authors express their gratitude to Mr. Leroy Levenberry for significant efforts in performing the serial sectioning and optical microscopy for this work. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.29 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793NA UT WOS:000292829000001 ER PT J AU Nguyen, MC Reeder, MJ Davidson, NE Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Nguyen, Mai C. Reeder, Michael J. Davidson, Noel E. Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Inner-core vacillation cycles during the intensification of Hurricane Katrina SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; vortex Rossby waves; barotropic instability; vortical hot towers; eyewall replacement cycles; rapid filamentation zones; vacillation cycles ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BAROTROPIC MODEL; VERTICAL SHEAR; SPIRAL BANDS; BONNIE 1998; VORTICITY; EYE; EYEWALL AB A simulation of Hurricane Katrina (2005) using the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's operational model for tropical-cyclone prediction (TCLAPS) shows that the simulated vortex vacillates between almost symmetric and highly asymmetric phases. During the symmetric phase, the eyewall comprises elongated convective bands and both the low-level potential vorticity (PV) and pseudo-equivalent potential temperature theta(e) fields exhibit a ring structure, with the maximum at some radius from the vortex centre. During this phase the mean flow intensifies comparatively rapidly, as the maximum acceleration of the mean tangential wind occurs near the radius of maximum mean tangential wind (RMW). In contrast, during the asymmetric phase the eyewall is more polygonal, with vortical hot towers (VHTs) located at the vertices. The low-level PV and theta(e) fields have monopole structures with the maximum at the centre. The intensification rate is lower than during the symmetric phase because the mean tangential wind accelerates most rapidly well within the RMW. The symmetric-to-asymmetric transition is accompanied by the development of VHTs within the eyewall. The VHTs are shown to be initiated by barotropic-convective instability associated with the ring-like structure of PV in the eyewall where the convective instability is large. During the reverse asymmetric-to-symmetric transition, the VHTs weaken as the local vertical wind shear increases and the convective available potential energy is consumed by convection. The weakened VHTs move outwards, similar to vortex Rossby waves, and are stretched by the angular shear of the mean vortex. Simultaneously, the rapid filamentation zone outside the RMW weakens, becoming more favourable for the development of convection. The next symmetric phase emerges as the convection reorganizes into a more symmetric eyewall. It is proposed that vacillation cycles occur in young tropical cyclones and are distinct from the eyewall replacement cycles that tend to occur in strong and mature tropical cyclones. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Nguyen, Mai C.; Reeder, Michael J.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Davidson, Noel E.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, MC (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM Mai.Nguyen@sci.monash.edu.au RI Reeder, Michael/G-2304-2011 OI Reeder, Michael/0000-0002-4583-5875 FU AusAID scholarship; Monash University; German Research Council (DFG) FX This work is a part of the PhD study of the first author, who was sponsored by an AusAID scholarship. The first author is grateful for travel support provided by Monash University as a European Travel Grant and the German Research Council (DFG) as part of the Project 'Improved quantitative precipitation forecasting in Vietnam'. The code for calculation of barotropic instability was kindly provided by Dr Harry Weber. Satellite images were provided by Drs John Knaff and Ray Zehr, GOES Algorithm Working Group, Corporative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, CIRA. The first author benefited greatly from helpful scientific discussions with Drs Kevin Tory, Jeff Kepert, Gary Dietachmayer, Lawrie Rikus, Greg Holland, John Knaff, James Kossin, Craig Bishop, Chris Snyder and Jun-Ichi Yano. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 657 BP 829 EP 844 DI 10.1002/qj.823 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777CU UT WOS:000291592800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, IM Andreas, EL McFiggans, G Anguelova, MD O'Dowd, C AF Brooks, Ian M. Andreas, Edgar L. McFiggans, Gordon Anguelova, Magdalena D. O'Dowd, Colin TI PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL FLUXES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brooks, Ian M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. [McFiggans, Gordon] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Anguelova, Magdalena D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Dowd, Colin] Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. RP Brooks, IM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM i.brooks@see.leeds.ac.uk RI McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 489 EP 491 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3112.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773QT UT WOS:000291323900009 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Hitt, WC Dubil, EA Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Chauhan, Suneet P. Hitt, Wilbur C. Dubil, Elizabeth A. Morrison, John C. TI Borderline or Marginal Amniotic Fluid Index and Peripartum Outcomes A Review of the Literature SO JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE amniotic fluid index; borderline; marginal; pregnancy complications; pregnancy outcomes ID ANTEPARTUM FETAL EVALUATION; VOLUME; PREGNANCY; RISK AB The predictive accuracy of a borderline amniotic fluid index (AFI) for an adverse pregnancy outcome is uncertain. Pregnancy outcomes of a borderline versus normal AFI suggest an increased risk of meconium-stained fluid, intrauterine growth restriction, cesarean delivery for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate, low Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admission with borderline fluid. These results are inconclusive because of study design variations, the absence of receiver-operating characteristic curves, our inability to calculate likelihood ratios, and a lack of randomized trials. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend additional antenatal testing delivery based on a borderline AFI. Sonography could be considered for evaluating fetal growth until a definitive association or lack of an association between a borderline AFI and intrauterine growth restriction/small size for gestational age can be determined. C1 [Magann, Everett F.; Hitt, Wilbur C.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Dubil, Elizabeth A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4301 W Markham St,Slot 518, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM efmagann@uams.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE PI LAUREL PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, 14750 SWEITZER LANE, STE 100, LAUREL, MD 20707-5906 USA SN 0278-4297 J9 J ULTRAS MED JI J. Ultrasound Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 523 EP 528 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 770ZK UT WOS:000291126800012 PM 21460153 ER PT J AU Harms, F Leitl, B Schatzmann, M Patnaik, G AF Harms, F. Leitl, B. Schatzmann, M. Patnaik, G. TI Validating LES-based flow and dispersion models SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE2010) CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Chapel Hill, NC DE Puff dispersion; LES model; Validation; Boundary layer wind tunnel; Urban roughness; Urban dispersion AB Validating LES-based flow and dispersion models for the purpose of predicting transient flow and dispersion phenomena is more demanding than validating RANS-based codes. Since the model output is no longer related to stationary or quasi-stationary boundary conditions, and since the model results are not meant to be used for predicting mean flow and dispersion patterns, an evaluation of the model based on mean results is not meaningful for most of the model-specific applications. A more sophisticated but also more complex validation approach based on statistically representative ensembles is required. By comparing frequency/probability distributions of flow and dispersion results with qualified reference data the reliability of complex models can be evaluated. Based on a careful comparison of FAST3D-CT simulation results with corresponding systematic wind tunnel data from the JU2003 experiments, an example for an application specific evaluation procedure for instantaneous puff dispersion modeling is given. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harms, F.; Leitl, B.; Schatzmann, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Patnaik, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harms, F (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM frank.harms@zmaw.de NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD APR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 4 SI SI BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2011.01.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 768XN UT WOS:000290972900014 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Halsey, ES AF Maves, Ryan C. Halsey, Eric S. TI Anaerobic Coverage in Intra-Abdominal and Biliary Infections SO SURGICAL INFECTIONS LA English DT Letter C1 [Maves, Ryan C.] USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Halsey, Eric S.] Naval Med Res Unit SIX, Lima, Peru. RP Maves, RC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ryan.maves@med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-2964 J9 SURG INFECT JI Surg. Infect. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 149 EP 149 DI 10.1089/sur.2010.031 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Surgery SC Infectious Diseases; Surgery GA 768LU UT WOS:000290937000013 PM 21545281 ER PT J AU Boris, DR Fernsler, RF Walton, SG AF Boris, D. R. Fernsler, R. F. Walton, S. G. TI The LC resonance probe for determining local plasma density SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We present a novel plasma diagnostic for measuring local plasma density in reactive-gas plasmas, and depositing plasmas. The diagnostic uses a network analyzer to measure the LC resonance (LCR) frequency of a parallel plate capacitor with inductive leads. The location of the LCR (omega(R)) in frequency space is then used as a measure of the plasma dielectric constant epsilon(p) between the plates. By properly constructing the LCR probe, omega(R) can be tuned such that omega(R) >> omega(ce), where.ce is the electron-cyclotron frequency. Thus, the probe can be used in plasmas with varying degrees of magnetization while avoiding complications introduced to epsilon(p) when omega is comparable to omega(ce). Density measurements from the LCR probe are compared with Langmuir probe measurements in an electron-beam generated plasma in which density varied from 10(9) to 10(11) cm(-3). An axial magnetic field, typically used to confine the electron beam, was varied between 0 to 300 G. The LCR probe showed good agreement with a Langmuir probe across the entire range of magnetic fields. C1 [Boris, D. R.; Fernsler, R. F.; Walton, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Charge Particle Phys Branch Code 6752, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boris, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charge Particle Phys Branch Code 6752, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.boris.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 AR 025003 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/20/2/025003 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 765PB UT WOS:000290719900018 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI Maximum angle method for determining mixed layer depth from seaglider data SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ocean mixed layer depth; Isothermal layer; Constant density layer; Barrier layer; Maximum angle method; Optimal linear fitting; Difference criterion; Gradient criterion; Curvature method ID BARRIER LAYER; OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB A new maximum angle method has been developed to determine surface mixed-layer (a general name for isothermal/constant-density layer) depth from profile data. It has three steps: (1) fitting the profile data with a first vector (pointing downward) from an upper level to a depth and a second vector (pointing downward) from that depth to a deeper level; (2) identifying the angle (varying with depth) between the two vectors; (3) after fitting and calculating angle all depths, and then selecting the depth with maximum angle as the mixed layer depth (MLD). Temperature and potential density profiles collected from two seagliders in the Gulf Stream near the Florida coast during 14 November-5 December 2007 were used to demonstrate the method's capability. The quality index (1.0 for perfect identification of the MLD) of the maximum angle method is about 0.96. The isothermal layer depth is generally larger than the constant-density layer depth, i.e., the barrier layer occurs during the study period. Comparison with the existing difference, gradient, and curvature criteria shows the advantage of using the maximum angle method. Uncertainty in determining MLD because of varying threshold using the difference method is also presented. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU The Naval Oceanographic Office [N6230609PO00123] FX The Naval Oceanographic Office (document number N6230609PO00123) supported this study. The authors thank the Naval Oceanographic Office for providing hydrographic data from two seagliders. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 763GH UT WOS:000290542900008 ER PT J AU Manka, CK Nikitin, S Lunsford, R Kunapareddy, P Grun, J AF Manka, C. K. Nikitin, S. Lunsford, R. Kunapareddy, P. Grun, J. TI Wavelength-dependent amplitude of Teflon Raman lines SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE resonant; spectra; ultraviolet; Teflon ID SPECTROSCOPY; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION AB Raman and other spectroscopy systems operating in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) spectral region below 250 nm lack scattering standards. Such standards are particularly important for experiments that use multiwavelength excitation and/or when results are compared across different experiment platforms. Teflon has been used as an external standard in the visible and near-IR spectral regions and has been suggested for use in the ultraviolet (UV). Comparison of the relative amplitudes of prominent Teflon Raman lines indicates a significant effect on line ratios when the excitation wavelength is below 250 nm. This dependence on excitation wavelength has been commented on previously and attributed to pre-resonance effects, but no detailed examination had been undertaken to date. We present the results of a study of Teflon Raman line ratios obtained from closely spaced excitation wavelengths in the DUV from 210 to 320 nm. The 731 cm(-1) line is identified as well suited for a standard. Electronic transition energies associated with resonance of principal Teflon Raman lines are obtained. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Manka, C. K.; Nikitin, S.; Lunsford, R.; Kunapareddy, P.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Grun, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manka, CK (reprint author), Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM charles.manka@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 4 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1002/jrs.2752 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 762MZ UT WOS:000290484700017 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Floyd, L McMullin, D AF Morrill, J. S. Floyd, L. McMullin, D. TI The Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum Estimated Using the Mg II Index and Ca II K Disk Activity SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ca II K activity; Mg II index; Solar activity; Solar UV spectrum ID IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS; MODERATE RESOLUTION; QUIET-SUN; UARS; EUV; ATMOSPHERE; CYCLE; PROXY AB As part of a program to estimate the solar spectrum back to the early twentieth century, we have generated fits to UV spectral irradiance measurements from 1 - 410 nm. The longer wavelength spectra (150 - 410 nm) were fit as a function of two solar activity proxies, the Mg II core-to-wing ratio, or Mg II index, and the total Ca II K disk activity derived from ground based observations. Irradiance spectra at shorter wavelengths (1 - 150 nm) where used to generate fits to the Mg II core-to-wing ratio alone. Two sets of spectra were used in these fitting procedures. The fits at longer wavelengths (150 to 410 nm) were derived from the high-resolution spectra taken by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). Spectra measured by the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) instrument on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite were used for the fits at wavelengths from 1 to 150 nm. To generate fits between solar irradiance and solar proxies, this study uses the above irradiance data, the NOAA composite Mg II index, and daily Ca II K disk activity determined from images measured by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). In addition to the fitting coefficients between irradiance and solar proxies, other results from this study include an estimated relationship between the fraction of the disk with enhanced Ca II K activity and the Mg II index, an upper bound of the average solar UV spectral irradiance during periods where the solar disk contains only regions of the quiet Sun, as was believed to be present during the Maunder Minimum, as well as results indicating that slightly more than 60% of the total solar irradiance (TSI) variability occurs between 150 and 400 nm. C1 [Morrill, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Floyd, L.] Interferometrics, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; linton.floyd@nrl.navy.mil; donald.mcmulin@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH05AB56I, W-10136]; Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported by NASA LWS grants NNH05AB56I, W-10136, and the Office of Naval Research. The short wavelength spectra are from the TIMED-SEE instrument (Version 9) and were provided by LASP, University of Colorado. The authors appreciate the assistance and information about the SEE data provided by T. Woods, D. Woodraska, and F. Eparvier. The authors acknowledge the efforts of L. Simpson, C. DeAngelis, C. Kucera, J. Lee, and S. Weaver. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 269 IS 2 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9708-7 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DE UT WOS:000290451700002 ER PT J AU Gao, HX Joo, YH Parrish, DA Vo, T Shreeve, JM AF Gao, Haixiang Joo, Young-Hyuk Parrish, Damon A. Vo, Thao Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 1-Amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitroethene and Corresponding Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermolysis Studies SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE detonation properties; energetic materials; heats of formation; nitrogen; thermodynamics ID ENERGETIC SALTS; IONIC SALTS; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHENE; FAMILY; FOX-7; DERIVATIVES; REACTIVITY; PRECURSORS; ANION AB Synthesis, characterization, and thermolysis studies of 1-amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitroethene (2) and salts thereof are reported. These compounds have been fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density, and impact sensitivity measurements. Compound 2 decomposes at 124.5 degrees C (DSC) and the salts decompose over the range 138.6-181.6 degrees C, thus showing higher thermostability. The calculated detonation pressures (P) for these salts range from 27.2 to 37.8 GPa, and detonation velocities (vD) fall between 8424 to 9482 m s(-1); these properties make them competitive energetic materials. C1 [Gao, Haixiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Joo, Young-Hyuk; Vo, Thao; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, HX (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM hxgao@cau.edu.cn; jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-10-1-0097). NR 48 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 16 BP 4613 EP 4618 DI 10.1002/chem.201002858 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 758IY UT WOS:000290159000030 PM 21416511 ER PT J AU Romero, RA Bae, J Goodman, NA AF Romero, Ric A. Bae, Junhyeong Goodman, Nathan A. TI Theory and Application of SNR and Mutual Information Matched Illumination Waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SQUARE ERROR; SIGNAL-DESIGN; RADAR; IDENTIFICATION; TARGETS AB A comprehensive theory of matched illumination waveforms for both deterministic and stochastic extended targets is presented. Design of matched waveforms based on maximization of both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mutual information (MI) is considered. In addition the problem of matched waveform design in signal-dependent interference is extensively addressed. New results include SNR-based waveform design for stochastic targets, SNR-based design for a known target in signal-dependent interference, and MI-based design in signal-dependent interference. Finally we relate MI and SNR in the context of waveform design for stochastic targets. C1 [Romero, Ric A.; Bae, Junhyeong; Goodman, Nathan A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romero, RA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Spanagel Hall,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rnromero@nps.edu NR 29 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 912 EP 927 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754GW UT WOS:000289844100011 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model for Classification of Continuous-Valued Noisy Vector Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN AB In this paper we present a statistical model with a nonsymmetric half-plane (NSHP) region of support for two-dimensional continuous-valued vector fields. It has the simplicity, efficiency, and ease of use of the well-known hidden Markov model (HMM) and associated Baum-Welch algorithms for time-series and other one-dimensional problems. At the same time it is able to learn textures on a two-dimensional field. We describe a fast approximate forward procedure for computation of the joint probability density function (pdf) of the vector field as well as an approximate Baum-Welch algorithm for parameter reestimation. Radar and sonar applications include classification of two-dimensional fields such as range versus azimuth or range versus aspect angle data wherein each data point in the field consists of a multi-dimensional feature vector. We test the method using synthetic textures. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 1320,Code 1522, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1073 EP 1080 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754GW UT WOS:000289844100020 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Frey, MR Steiner, MJ Shackelford, A AF Gerlach, Karl Frey, Michael R. Steiner, Michael J. Shackelford, Aaron TI Spectral Nulling on Transmit via Nonlinear FM Radar Waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Modern radars operate in electromagnetic environments crowded with other RF users. Adaptive spectral nulling on transmit can reduce interference from and to these other RF users. An analytical theory is developed for spectral nulling by a minimal adjustment, or offset, to the phase of the radar pulse that maintains constant pulse amplitude. Numerical examples show that a small time-varying phase offset designed by the proposed method can produce deep spectral nulls at one or more chosen frequencies in the radar's spectral sidelobes with little other effect on the pulse spectrum or ambiguity function. C1 [Gerlach, Karl] ITT Corp, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Frey, Michael R.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Steiner, Michael J.; Shackelford, Aaron] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), ITT Corp, 2560 Huntington Ave, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. EM mfrey@bucknell.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [ONR-31] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, ONR-31. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1507 EP 1515 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754GW UT WOS:000289844100053 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, S. A. TI Near-wall turbulent characteristics along very long thin circular cylinders SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Turbulent axial flows; Thin cylinders; Near-wall turbulent structures; Tangential wall-friction coefficient; Large eddy simulation ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AXIAL-FLOW; PRESSURE; VELOCITY; MODEL AB Understanding the salient physics within the turbulent boundary layer of towed thin cylinders is paramount to the Navy sonar array communities. However, the required long array length to achieve wide acoustic aperture creates unique and consistent flow characteristics that suggest simplified tangential forcing expressions suitable for design purposes. One well-known fact is that the majority of the array surface experiences very thick turbulent boundary layers (TBL) and large Reynolds numbers. The resultant statistics are most commonly dependent on the inner and outer length scales. Herein, we resolve the near-wall TBL structure under those flow conditions by large-eddy simulation. The turbulent mean-flow statistics showed near-wall consistency using only inner scaling. But both inner and outer variables were found necessary to properly scale the turbulent fluctuations. An expression for the tangential wall-friction coefficient (C-t) indicates two distinct flow regimes as characterized by the near-wall turbulent flow structure. The respective parameters appear independent of the outer length scale. Thickening (or thinning) the cylinder near their common threshold (defined by a radius-based Reynolds number) transitioned the turbulent character between the two regimes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410AF0002]; In-House Laboratory at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer), Contract N0001410AF0002, and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Dr Anthony A. Ruffa, Program Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.11.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 757FR UT WOS:000290071400001 ER PT J AU Ellman, MB Gregory, JM Bhatia, S Hsu, A Ghodadra, N Provencher, MT Romeo, AA AF Ellman, M. B. Gregory, J. M. Bhatia, S. Hsu, A. Ghodadra, N. Provencher, M. T. Romeo, A. A. TI An evidence-based review of the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of rotator cuff tears SO MINERVA ORTOPEDICA E TRAUMATOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Rotator cuff disease; Arthroscopy; Therapeutics ID FULL-THICKNESS TEARS; MEDIUM-SIZED TEARS; ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; FOLLOW-UP; SURGICAL REPAIR; SINGLE-ROW; SUBACROMIAL DECOMPRESSION; SUPRASPINATUS TENDON; LONG-TERM; ACROMIAL ARCHITECTURE AB Pathologic changes in the rotator cuff occur on a continuum from tendinitis to tears. Over the past decade, there have been numerous advances in the understanding and treatment of rotator cuff disease with a concurrent rise in the number of rotator cuff repairs performed by orthopedic surgeons. Nevertheless, several aspects of rotator cuff disease, including the natural history, progression, treatment options, and optimal repair constructs, remain widely debated in the literature. In this review, the numerous aspects of rotator cuff tears, from etiology and natural history to classification, diagnosis and treatment are discussed in detail. Treatment should be based on the patient's goals, etiology, and depth of the tear, rather than imaging findings alone. The indications for nonoperative versus operative management are provided, as are the numerous treatment options for surgical repair of both partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears. C1 [Ellman, M. B.; Gregory, J. M.; Bhatia, S.; Hsu, A.; Ghodadra, N.; Romeo, A. A.] RUSH Univ Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Div Sports Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Provencher, M. T.] USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Romeo, AA (reprint author), Midwest Orthoped Rush, 1611 W Harrison St,Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM shoulderelbowdoc@gmail.com OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0026-4911 J9 MINERVA ORTOP TRAUMA JI Minerva Ortop. Traumatol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 89 EP 108 PG 20 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 759JE UT WOS:000290235800005 ER PT J AU Hou, BX Nees, JA He, ZH Petrov, G Davis, J Easter, JH Thomas, AGR Krushelnick, KM AF Hou, Bixue Nees, John A. He, Zhaohan Petrov, George Davis, Jack Easter, James H. Thomas, Alexander G. R. Krushelnick, Karl M. TI Laser-ion acceleration through controlled surface contamination SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; NUCLEAR-FUSION; PLASMA; FEMTOSECOND AB In laser-plasma ion accelerators, control of target contamination layers can lead to selection of accelerated ion species and enhancement of acceleration. To demonstrate this, deuterons up to 75 keV are accelerated from an intense laser interaction with a glass target simply by placing 1 ml of heavy water inside the experimental chamber prior to pumping to generate a deuterated contamination layer on the target. Using the same technique with a deuterated-polystyrene-coated target also enhances deuteron yield by a factor of 3 to 5, while increasing the maximum energy of the generated deuterons to 140 keV. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3574532] C1 [Hou, Bixue; Nees, John A.; He, Zhaohan; Easter, James H.; Thomas, Alexander G. R.; Krushelnick, Karl M.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Petrov, George; Davis, Jack] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hou, BX (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM houbx@eecs.umich.edu RI Thomas, Alexander/D-8210-2011; Nees, John/P-4905-2016; OI Nees, John/0000-0001-8277-9123; Thomas, Alexander/0000-0003-3206-8512 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center (FOCUS) FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and a National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center (FOCUS). NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 AR 040702 DI 10.1063/1.3574532 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 757TI UT WOS:000290110200002 ER PT J AU Caron, JN DiComo, GP Ting, AC Fischer, RP AF Caron, James N. DiComo, Gregory P. Ting, Antonio C. Fischer, Richard P. TI Application of a scattered-light radiometric power meter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; PICTURES; LASERS; ENERGY AB The power measurement of high-power continuous-wave laser beams typically calls for the use of water-cooled thermopile power meters. Large thermopile meters have slow response times that can prove insufficient to conduct certain tests, such as determining the influence of atmospheric turbulence on transmitted beam power. To achieve faster response times, we calibrated a digital camera to measure the power level as the optical beam is projected onto a white surface. This scattered-light radiometric power meter saves the expense of purchasing a large area power meter and the required water cooling. In addition, the system can report the power distribution, changes in the position, and the spot size of the beam. This paper presents the theory of the scattered-light radiometric power meter and demonstrates its use during a field test at a 2.2 km optical range. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3574218] C1 [Caron, James N.; DiComo, Gregory P.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Ting, Antonio C.; Fischer, Richard P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caron, JN (reprint author), Res Support Instruments, 4325-B Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM Caron@RSImd.com FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for their support of this work. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1063/1.3574218 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 756YU UT WOS:000290051500001 PM 21528989 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Askins, CG Miller, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, G. A. Askins, C. G. Miller, G. A. Kirkendall, C. K. TI Characterization of a high mechanical-Q fiber laser Lorentz force dc magnetometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL NOISE; SENSORS AB A magnetic field sensor is described based on coupling the field into a time varying strain in a fiber laser strain sensor, through the Lorentzian force. A conducting bridge carries an ac current and oscillates at resonance in the presence of a magnetic field. A fiber laser strain sensor attached to the ribbon measures the deflections. The quality factor is shown to be limited by air damping resulting in a measurement resolution of 704 pT/Hz(1/2) +/- 10% at ambient pressure and 360 pT/Hz(1/2) +/- 10% at a reduced pressure of 1700 Pa at 1 Hz and 75 mA (rms). [doi:10.1063/1.3580631] C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Askins, C. G.; Miller, G. A.; Kirkendall, C. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 program. The authors would like to thank D. Tulchinsky (NRL) for assistance with setting up the vacuum system and R. Bartolo for assistance with the optical fiber preparation. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 4 AR 044702 DI 10.1063/1.3580631 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 756YU UT WOS:000290051500041 PM 21529028 ER PT J AU Robertson, KL Soto, CM Archer, MJ Odoemene, O Liu, JL AF Robertson, Kelly L. Soto, Carissa M. Archer, Marie J. Odoemene, Onyekachi Liu, Jinny L. TI Engineered T4 Viral Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging and Flow Cytometry SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; PHAGE DISPLAY; SURFACE MODIFICATION; FLUORESCENT DYES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CAPSID SURFACE; CYANINE DYES; ALEXA DYES; BACTERIOPHAGE-T4; PROTEINS AB Viruses are of particular interest as scaffolds for biotechnology applications given their wide range of Shapes and sizes and the possibility to modify them with a variety of functional moieties to produce useful virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs). In order to develop functional VNPs for cell imaging and flow cytometry applications, we used the head of the T4 bacteriophage as a scaffold for bioconjugation of fluorescent dyes. Bacteriophage T4 is a double-stranded DNA virus with an elongated icosahedron head and a contractile tail. The head is similar to 100 nm in length and similar to 90 nm in width. The large surface area of the T4 head is an important advantage for the development of functional materials since it can accommodate significantly larger numbers of functional groups, such as fluorescent dyes, in comparison with other VNPs. In this study, Cy3 and Alexa Fluor 546 were chemically incorporated into tail-less T4 heads (T4 nanoparticles) for the first time, and the fluorescent properties of the dye-conjugated nanoparticles were characterized. The T4 nanoparticles were labeled with up to 19 000 dyes, and in particular, the use of Cy3 led to fluorescent enhancements of up to 90% compared to free Cy3. We also demonstrate that the dye-conjugated T4 nanoparticles are structurally stable and that they can be used as molecular probes for cell imaging and flow cytometry applications. C1 [Robertson, Kelly L.; Soto, Carissa M.; Archer, Marie J.; Odoemene, Onyekachi; Liu, Jinny L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jinny.liu@nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0648917]; Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank Dr. Lindsay Black from University of Maryland for his kind gift of T4 K10. O. O. wants to thank the National Science Foundation (Grant # DMR-0648917) for financial support. We also thank Drs. James Delehanty and Jing Zhou for their review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy or the military at large. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1021/bc100365j PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 751JM UT WOS:000289613400010 PM 21375348 ER PT J AU Jiang, CM Shi, Y Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Jiang, Canming Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry TI On the Asymptotic Capacity of Multi-Hop MIMO Ad Hoc Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MIMO; ad hoc networks; asymptotic capacity; scaling law ID CHANNELS AB Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a key technology to increase the capacity of wireless networks. Although there has been extensive work on MIMO at the physical and link layers, there is limited work on MIMO at the network layer (i.e., multi-hop MIMO network), particularly results on capacity scaling laws. In this paper, we investigate capacity scaling laws for MIMO ad hoc networks. Our goal is to find the achievable throughput of each node as the number of nodes in the network increases. We employ a MIMO network model that captures spatial multiplexing and interference cancellation. We show that for a MIMO network with n randomly located nodes, each equipped with.. antennas and a rate of W on each data stream, the achievable throughput of each node is Theta(alpha W/root n ln n). C1 [Jiang, Canming; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jiang, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jcm@vt.edu; yshi@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; sas-try.kompella@nrl.navy.mil FU NSF [CNS-0721421]; NRL [N00173-10-1-G-007]; ONR FX The work of Y.T. Hou, C. Jiang, and Y. Shi was supported in part by the NSF under Grant CNS-0721421 and the NRL under Grant N00173-10-1-G-007. The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1109/TWC.2011.020111.100528 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754FV UT WOS:000289841200005 ER PT J AU Chen, L Carpenter, EE Hellberg, CS Dorn, HC Shultz, M Wernsdorfer, W Chiorescu, I AF Chen, L. Carpenter, E. E. Hellberg, C. S. Dorn, H. C. Shultz, M. Wernsdorfer, W. Chiorescu, I. TI Spin transition in Gd3N@C-80, detected by low-temperature on-chip SQUID technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA AB We present a magnetic study of the Gd3N@C-80 molecule, consisting of a Gd-trimer via a nitrogen atom, encapsulated in a C-80 cage. This molecular system can be an efficient contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. We used a low-temperature technique able to detect small magnetic signals by placing the sample in the vicinity of an on-chip SQUID. The technique implemented at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory has the particularity of being able to operate in high magnetic fields of up to 7 T. The Gd3N@C80 shows a paramagnetic behavior and we find a spin transition of the Gd3N structure at 1.2 K. We perform quantum mechanical simulations, which indicate that one of the Gd ions changes from a S-8(7/2) state (L-0, S-7/2) to a F-7(6) state (L-S-3, J-6), likely due to a charge transfer between the C-80 cage and the ion. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3536514] C1 [Chen, L.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Chen, L.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Carpenter, E. E.; Shultz, M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Hellberg, C. S.] USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dorn, H. C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wernsdorfer, W.] UJF, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM leichen@magnet.fsu.edu RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/M-2280-2016 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/0000-0003-4602-5257 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07B101 DI 10.1063/1.3536514 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000327 ER PT J AU Franco, V Caballero-Flores, R Conde, A Knipling, KE Willard, MA AF Franco, V. Caballero-Flores, R. Conde, A. Knipling, K. E. Willard, M. A. TI Magnetocaloric effect and critical exponents of Fe77Co5.5Ni5.5Zr7B4Cu1: A detailed study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID CRITICAL POINT; EQUATION; NICKEL; STATE AB The critical exponents of the alloy have been determined with the Kouvel-Fisher method to predict the field dependence of the magnetic entropy change Delta S-M. The nonlinear fit of Delta S-M(H) to a power law provides a field exponent in perfect agreement with the predictions of the relevant scaling laws using the obtained critical exponent values. It is shown that possible discrepancies between these two methods for determining the field dependence of Delta S-M might arise due to a poor resolution in the temperature of the experiments. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3535191] C1 [Franco, V.; Caballero-Flores, R.; Conde, A.] Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Knipling, K. E.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Franco, V (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM vfranco@us.es RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Franco, Victorino/B-8982-2008; Conde, Alejandro/A-8115-2013 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Franco, Victorino/0000-0003-3028-6815; Conde, Alejandro/0000-0002-1067-2754 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A905 DI 10.1063/1.3535191 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000289 ER PT J AU Jones, NJ Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Jones, Nicholas J. Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Clark, A. E. TI Optimization of the processing parameters for building in uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in tension-annealed Fe82Ga18 rods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID FE-GA; ALLOYS; STRESS; MAGNETOSTRICTION AB Fast-growth rods of Fe82Ga18 were tension-annealed under various conditions to evaluate the effects of time, temperature, and stress on the induced uniaxial anisotropy. The minimum amount of stress, temperature, and time necessary for the optimal properties was determined. Samples were annealed at 600 degrees C for 1 h in air to improve the homogeneity of the samples before each stress anneal. These initialized samples showed 45% alignment of moments along the rod axis. Under optimized tension-annealing conditions the percentage alignment increased to as much as 94%. This increase in alignment corresponds to a decrease in internal magnetic anisotropy energy from about -1.6 to -3.2 kJ/m(3). The optimal annealing conditions were found to be 300 degrees C at 50 MPa for 5 min. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3562252] C1 [Jones, Nicholas J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jones, NJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM njj@andrew.cmu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A935 DI 10.1063/1.3562252 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000319 ER PT J AU Petculescu, G Ledet, KL Huang, M Lograsso, TA Zhang, YN Wu, RQ Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Hathaway, KB AF Petculescu, G. Ledet, K. L. Huang, M. Lograsso, T. A. Zhang, Y. N. Wu, R. Q. Wun-Fogle, M. Restorff, J. B. Clark, A. E. Hathaway, K. B. TI Magnetostriction, elasticity, and D0(3) phase stability in Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MAGNETOELASTICITY AB The contrast between the saturation tetragonal magnetostriction, lambda(gamma,2) = (3/2)lambda(100), of Fe1-xGax and Fe1-yGey, at compositions where both alloys exhibit D0(3) cubic symmetry (second peak region), was investigated. This region corresponds to x = 28 at. % Ga and y = 18 at. % Ge or, in terms of e/a = 2x + 3 y + 1, to an e/a value of similar to 1.55 for each of the alloys. Single crystal, slow-cooled, ternary Fe1-x-y GaxGey alloys with e/a similar to 1.55 and gradually increasing y/x were investigated experimentally (magnetostriction, elasticity, powder XRD) and theoretically (density functional calculations). It was found that a small amount of Ge (y = 1.3) replacing Ga in the Fe-Ga alloy has a profound effect on the measured lambda(gamma,2). As y increases, the drop in lambda(gamma,2) is considerable, reaching negative values at y/x = 0.47. The two shear elastic constants c' = (c(11) - c(12))/2 and c(44) measured for four compositions with 0.06 <= y/x <= 0.45 at 7 K range from 16 to 21 GPa and from 133 to 138 GPa, respectively. Large temperature dependence was observed for c' but not for c(44), a trend seen in other high-solute Fe alloys. The XRD analysis shows that the metastable D0(3) structure, observed previously in slow-cooled Fe-Ga at e/a = 1.55, is replaced with two phases, fcc L1(2) and hexagonal D0(19), at just 1.6 at. % Ge. The two are the stable phases of the assessed Fe-Ga phase diagram at x similar to 28. Notably, at y = 7.8, only the D0(3) phase (the equilibrium phase of Fe-Ge at e/a = 1.54) was found in the ternary alloy. The theory also shows that the D0(3) instability is removed for compositions with y >= 3.9, when D0(3) becomes the structure's ground-state phase. Thus, the high, positive lambda(gamma,2) value for Fe-Ga at x = 28 could be the result of the high sensitivity of its metastable D0(3) structure. VC 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3535444] C1 [Petculescu, G.; Ledet, K. L.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Huang, M.; Lograsso, T. A.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhang, Y. N.; Wu, R. Q.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wun-Fogle, M.; Restorff, J. B.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Hathaway, K. B.] GJ Associates, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Petculescu, G (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM gp@louisiana.edu RI ZHANG, YANNING/A-3316-2013; Wu, Ruqian/C-1395-2013 OI Wu, Ruqian/0000-0002-6156-7874 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A904 DI 10.1063/1.3535444 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000288 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Summers, E AF Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Summers, Eric TI Hysteresis, d(33)(star) and d(33) of Fe81.6Ga18.4 textured polycrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA AB Measurements of d(33)(star) (major and minor loops) and d(33) (major loops) were made on three Fe81.6Ga18.4 (Galfenol) highly textured polycrystalline rods, one of which had a small amount of 1002 steel substituted for the iron. Seven Delta T's between +/- 25 and +/- 0.5 MPa at 100 Oe were used for the minor loops. These measurements are useful for energy harvesting, which is the generation of energy by utilizing vibrations present in the environment. For magnetostrictive materials d(33)(star) = partial derivative B/partial derivative T-H is the relevant parameter, where B is the magnetic flux density, T is the stress and H is held constant. Since real energy harvesting devices will not have active H control, partial derivative B/partial derivative T was also measured where H was not held constant. The d(33)(star)'s and d(33)'s (d(33) = partial derivative S/partial derivative H-T) for both binary samples with Delta T >= +/- 5 MPa were well fit by a Gaussian plus a constant. Peak amplitudes for d(33) and d(33)(star) were similar to 80 and similar to 60 nm/A, respectively. At smaller DT's, d(33)(star) vs. T was flat or showed a broad peak. The steel containing sample had a larger cubic anisotropy which resulted in a double peaked d(33) curve with a maximum amplitude of similar to 100 nm/A. At the points where the d(33)(star) and d(33) measurements overlap, the two d-coefficients are within 5 to 50% of one another at 100 Oe. The hysteresis in the S-T and B-H loops was similar to 2 and similar to 0.9 kJ/m(3), respectively. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3554252] [doi: 10.1063/1.3554252] C1 [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Summers, Eric] Etrema Prod Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM james.restorff@navy.mil NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A922 DI 10.1063/1.3554252 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000306 ER PT J AU Littlejohn, LF Devlin, JJ Kircher, SS Lueken, R Melia, MR Johnson, AS AF Littlejohn, Lanny F. Devlin, John J. Kircher, Sara S. Lueken, Robert Melia, Michael R. Johnson, Andrew S. TI Comparison of Celox-A, ChitoFlex, WoundStat, and Combat Gauze Hemostatic Agents Versus Standard Gauze Dressing in Control of Hemorrhage in a Swine Model of Penetrating Trauma SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North Atlantic Treaty Organization Medical Conference CY OCT, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID EXTREMITY ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGE; LETHAL GROIN INJURY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY; QUIKCLOT; SHOCK AB Objectives: Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of trauma deaths and one of the most challenging problems facing emergency medical professionals. Several hemostatic agents have emerged as effective adjuncts in controlling extremity hemorrhage. However, a review of the current literature indicates that none of these agents have proven superior under all conditions and in all wound types. This study compared several hemostatic agents in a lethal penetrating groin wound model where the bleeding site could not be visualized. Methods: A complex groin injury with a small penetrating wound, followed by transection of the femoral vessels and 45 seconds of uncontrolled hemorrhage, was created in 80 swine. The animals were then randomized to five treatment groups (16 animals each). Group 1 was Celox-A (CA), group 2 was combat gauze (CG), group 3 was Chitoflex (CF), group 4 was WoundStat (WS), and group 5 was standard gauze (SG) dressing. Each agent was applied with 5 minutes of manual pressure. Hetastarch (500 mL) was infused over 30 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded over 180 minutes. Primary endpoints were attainment of initial hemostasis and incidence of rebleeding. Results: Overall, no difference was found among the agents with respect to initial hemostasis, rebleeding, and survival. Localizing effects among the granular agents, with and without delivery mechanisms, revealed that WS performed more poorly in initial hemostasis and survival when compared to CA. Conclusions: In this swine model of uncontrolled penetrating hemorrhage, SG dressing performed similarly to the hemostatic agents tested. This supports the concept that proper wound packing and pressure may be more important than the use of a hemostatic agent in small penetrating wounds with severe vascular trauma. C1 [Littlejohn, Lanny F.; Devlin, John J.; Kircher, Sara S.; Lueken, Robert; Melia, Michael R.; Johnson, Andrew S.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Littlejohn, LF (reprint author), USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM lanny.littlejohn@med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 340 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01036.x PG 11 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 751SE UT WOS:000289637100004 PM 21496135 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Granek, J Deschamps, JR Boeneman, K Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Susumu, K Stewart, MH Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, Kim E. Granek, Jessica Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Boeneman, Kelly Blanco-Canosa, Juan Bautista Dawson, Philip E. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Medintz, Igor L. TI Monitoring Botulinum Neurotoxin A Activity with Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dot Resonance Energy Transfer Sensors SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE Forster resonance energy transfer; FRET; quantum dot; peptide; protease; metal affinity; botulinum neurotoxin A; biosensor; fluorescence; biothreat agent; nanocrystal; semiconductor ID SEROTYPE-A; PROTEIN; SEMICONDUCTOR; STABILITY; LIGANDS; NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; DIAGNOSTICS; BIOSENSORS; CHEMISTRY AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent bacterial toxins that contaminate food supplies along with having a high potential for exploitation as bioterrorism agents. There is a continuing need to rapidly and sensitively, detect exposure to these toxins and to verify their active state, as the latter directly affects diagnosis and helps provide effective treatments. We investigate the use of semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assemblies to monitor the activity of the BoNT serotype A light chain protease (La). A modular LcA peptide substrate was designed and optimized to contain a central LcA recognition/cleavage region, a unique residue to allow, labeling with a Cy3 acceptor dye, an extended linker-spacer sequence, and a terminal oligohistidine that allows for final ratiometric peptide-QD-self-assembly. A number of different QD materials displaying charged or PEGylated surface coatings were,. evaluated for their ability to self-assemble dye-labeled LA peptide substrates by monitoring FRET interactions. Proteolytic assays were performed utilizing either a direct peptide-on-QD format or alternatively an indirect pre-exposure of peptide to LcA prior to QD assembly. Variable activities were obtained depending on QD materials and formats used with the most sensitive pre-exposure assay result demonstrating a 350 pM LcA limit of detection. Modeling the various QD-peptide sensor constructs provided insight into how the resulting assembly architecture influenced LcA recognition interactions and subsequent activity. These results also highlight the unique roles that both peptide design and QD features, especially surface-capping agents, contribute to overall sensor activity. C1 [Sapsford, Kim E.; Granek, Jessica] US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Boeneman, Kelly; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan Bautista; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan Bautista; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Sapsford, KE (reprint author), US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM Kim.Sapsford@fda.hhs.gov; Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NRL-NSI, ONR, DTRA; Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness; FDA [HHSF223200610765P]; NIH [P41 RR-01081] FX The authors acknowledge the NRL-NSI, ONR, DTRA and the Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and FDA contract HHSF223200610765P for financial support. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR-01081). J.B.B.-C. acknowledges a Marie Curie IOF. NR 60 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 11 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 2687 EP 2699 DI 10.1021/nn102997b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753CJ UT WOS:000289742100032 PM 21361387 ER PT J AU Dzebisashvili, N Lentine, K Schnitzler, M Tuttle-Newhall, J Segev, D Gentry, S Axelrod, D AF Dzebisashvili, N. Lentine, K. Schnitzler, M. Tuttle-Newhall, J. Segev, D. Gentry, S. Axelrod, D. TI Following the Organ Supply: Impact of Interdonor Service Area Travel, Socioeconomic Status and Distance on Liver Transplant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American Transplant Congress CY 2011 CL Philadelphia, PA C1 [Dzebisashvili, N.; Lentine, K.; Schnitzler, M.; Tuttle-Newhall, J.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Axelrod, D.] Dartmouth Med Ctr, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gentry, S.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 MA 365 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 747KJ UT WOS:000289318400365 ER PT J AU Brill, JB Turner, PL AF Brill, Jason B. Turner, Patricia L. TI Long-Term Outcomes with Transfascial Sutures versus Tacks in Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair: A Review SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Review ID LARGE INCISIONAL HERNIAS; MESH REPAIR; RECURRENCE; EXPERIENCE; FIXATION; COMPLICATIONS; LESSONS; HERNIORRHAPHY; METAANALYSIS; STRENGTH AB Although most surgeons report using both transfascial sutures and laparoscopically placed tacks to secure prostheses in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, a significant minority have reported large series in which sutures were omitted. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted for large case series and controlled trials documenting long-term follow-up. Forty-three articles were identified, including 6015 patients whose prostheses were secured with transfascial sutures (with or without tacks), and 2450 patients receiving tacks or staples alone. The mean follow-up time reported was 30.1 months. No significant difference was found in rates of hernia recurrence, mesh removal, prolonged postoperative pain, patient body mass index, or hernia defect size between the two groups. The suture group did experience a significantly higher rate of surgical site infection. Although suture tensile strength is greater than that of tacks, and despite numerous anecdotal reports of hernia recurrence secondary to suture failure or omission, the existing literature does not show superiority of one mesh fixation technique over the other for recurrence, whereas infection rates increase when transfascial suture is used. C1 [Brill, Jason B.; Turner, Patricia L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Brill, JB (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Jason.Brill@med.navy.mil OI Brill, Jason/0000-0002-4734-3161 NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD APR PY 2011 VL 77 IS 4 BP 458 EP 465 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 752OU UT WOS:000289702800013 PM 21679556 ER PT J AU McLay, RN Wood, DP Webb-Murphy, JA Spira, JL Wiederhold, MD Pyne, JM Wiederhold, BK AF McLay, Robert N. Wood, Dennis P. Webb-Murphy, Jennifer A. Spira, James L. Wiederhold, Mark D. Pyne, Jeffrey M. Wiederhold, Brenda K. TI A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Service Members with Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; VIETNAM VETERANS; CASE SERIES; ACCIDENT; SYMPTOMS; TRAUMA; FEAR AB Virtual reality (VR)-based therapy has emerged as a potentially useful means to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but randomized studies have been lacking for Service Members from Iraq or Afghanistan. This study documents a small, randomized, controlled trial of VR-graded exposure therapy (VR-GET) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for PTSD in Active Duty military personnel with combat-related PTSD. Success was gauged according to whether treatment resulted in a 30 percent or greater improvement in the PTSD symptom severity as assessed by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) after 10 weeks of treatment. Seven of 10 participants improved by 30 percent or greater while in VR-GET, whereas only 1 of the 9 returning participants in TAU showed similar improvement. This is a clinically and statistically significant result (chi(2) - 6.74, p < 0.01, relative risk 3.2). Participants in VR-GET improved an average of 35 points on the CAPS, whereas those in TAU averaged a 9-point improvement (p < 0.05). The results are limited by small size, lack of blinding, a single therapist, and comparison to a relatively uncontrolled usual care condition, but did show VR-GET to be a safe and effective treatment for combat-related PTSD. C1 [McLay, Robert N.] USN, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Wood, Dennis P.; Wiederhold, Mark D.; Wiederhold, Brenda K.] Virtual Real Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Webb-Murphy, Jennifer A.] USN, Ctr Combat & Operat Stress Control, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Spira, James L.] Natl Ctr PTSD, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey M.] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Hlth Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. RP McLay, RN (reprint author), USN, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM robert.mclay@med.navy.mil RI Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 26 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2152-2715 J9 CYBERPSYCH BEH SOC N JI Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw. PD APR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003 PG 7 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 749KA UT WOS:000289463400007 PM 21332375 ER PT J AU Begue, NJ Cramer, JA Von Bargen, C Myers, KM Johnson, KJ Morris, RE AF Begue, Nathan J. Cramer, Jeffery A. Von Bargen, Chris Myers, Kristina M. Johnson, Kevin J. Morris, Robert E. TI Automated Method for Determining Hydrocarbon Distributions in Mobility Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEAK DETECTION; MIDDLE-DISTILLATES; X GC; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; INLET SYSTEM; MIXTURES AB The analysis of hydrocarbon profiles in complex fuel samples has been a daunting task for fuel scientists for decades. Although many studies of specific compound classes on a limited number of fuel samples have been published, a large-scale survey of many samples has been lacking. The complexity and extensive manpower requirements have inhibited comprehensive, wide-scoped studies. Presented here is a novel, automated chemical component classification scheme which is based on a set of selection rules that operate on either the molecular formula or chemical name from a previously generated "hit list." The method is validated against synthetic ally generated data and a PIANO blend standard. Average jet and diesel fuel profiles are presented. C1 [Cramer, Jeffery A.; Johnson, Kevin J.; Morris, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Fuel Technol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Begue, Nathan J.] Natl Acad, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Von Bargen, Chris] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Myers, Kristina M.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Sensing & Fuel Technol Sect, Code 6181,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council (NRC); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Navy Fuels & Lubes Cross Functional Team (NFLCFT) FX We thank the National Research Council (NRC), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Navy Fuels & Lubes Cross Functional Team (NF&LCFT) for supporting this work. We also thank Ms. Sherry Williams of the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR Air-4.4.5) and Mr. Philip Chang of the Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA-E) for their assistance in developing the lists of critical hydrocarbon classes for Navy fuel certification. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1617 EP 1623 DI 10.1021/ef101635a PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 752NC UT WOS:000289697700032 ER PT J AU Guandalini, GS Zhang, L Fornero, E Centeno, JA Mokashi, VP Ortiz, PA Stockelman, MD Osterburg, AR Chapman, GG AF Guandalini, Gustavo S. Zhang, Lingsu Fornero, Elisa Centeno, Jose A. Mokashi, Vishwesh P. Ortiz, Pedro A. Stockelman, Michael D. Osterburg, Andrew R. Chapman, Gail G. TI Tissue Distribution of Tungsten in Mice Following Oral Exposure to Sodium Tungstate SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIABETIC-RATS; NORMALIZATION; CELLS AB Heavy metal tungsten alloys have replaced lead and depleted uranium in many munitions applications, due to public perception of these elements as environmentally unsafe. Tungsten materials left in the environment may become bioaccessible as tungstate, which might lead to population exposure through water and soil contamination. Although tungsten had been considered a relatively inert and toxicologically safe material, recent research findings have raised concerns about possible deleterious health effects after acute and chronic exposure to this metal. This investigation describes tissue distribution of tungsten in mice following oral exposure to sodium tungstate. Twenty-four 6-9 weeks-old C57BL/6 laboratory mice were exposed to different oral doses of sodium tungstate (0, 62.5, 125, and 200 mg/kg/d) for 28 days, and after one day, six organs were harvested for trace element analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Kidney, liver, colon, bone, brain, and spleen were analyzed by sector-field high-resolution ICP-MS. The results showed increasing tungsten levels in all organs with increased dose of exposure, with the highest concentration found in the bones and the lowest concentration found in brain tissue. Gender differences were noticed only in the spleen (higher concentration of tungsten in female animals), and increasing tungsten levels in this organ were correlated with increased iron levels, something that was not observed for any other organ or either of the two other metals analyzed (nickel and cobalt). These findings confirmed most of what has been published on tungsten tissue distribution; they also showed that the brain is relatively protected from oral exposure. Further studies are necessary to clarify the findings in splenic tissue, focusing on possible immunological effects of tungsten exposure. C1 [Guandalini, Gustavo S.; Zhang, Lingsu; Fornero, Elisa; Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Mokashi, Vishwesh P.; Ortiz, Pedro A.; Stockelman, Michael D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Osterburg, Andrew R.] Shriners Hosp Children, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Chapman, Gail G.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM jose.a.centeno@us.army.mil FU Office of Naval Research work unit [60862]; Naval Health Research Center Detachment - Environmental Health Effects Laboratory [N4181709MP9T018] FX This work has been funded by a grant from the Office of Naval Research work unit 60862 and by an Interservice Support Agreement (ISSA) from the Naval Health Research Center Detachment - Environmental Health Effects Laboratory (N4181709MP9T018). NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1021/tx200011k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 749WB UT WOS:000289500800008 PM 21375269 ER PT J AU Glaser, DJ AF Glaser, Darrell J. TI TIME-VARYING EFFECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON MILITARY RETENTION SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID DURATION DATA; HETEROGENEITY; MODELS AB This paper examines how human capital acquired at the onset of a military career has an evolving effect on retention decisions. Using data of Marine officers that extends across 20-year horizons, estimates of the hazard related to separation rates indicate that initial differences in general and firm-specific human capital have time-varying effects on retention across the duration of a career. Additional evidence suggests that the effects of higher economy-wide unemployment as well as the onset of wars succeeding from September 2001 also change retention decisions and depend on officers' length of service. (JEL J6, J41, J45). C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Glaser, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dglaser@usna.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 231 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2010.00220.x PG 19 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 737CG UT WOS:000288545500007 ER PT J AU Sessions, WD Winans, KD AF Sessions, Walter D. Winans, Kristen D. TI Development of a Self-Consistent Truly Multiphysics Algorithm Based Upon the Courant-Insensitive Space-Time Conservation-Element Solution-Element Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic; multiphysics simulation; numerical analysis; plasmas; space-time finite-volume method ID FORMULATION AB This paper reports on the theoretical aspects and current development status of a self-consistent truly multiphysics algorithm. The algorithm is based upon the Courant-insensitive space-time conservation-element solution-element methodology. Previous attempts for electromagnetic solutions have applicability only in constant material domains with PEC boundary conditions. This paper reports on the extension of this algorithm for the solution of the generalized Maxwell equations, including linear-dispersive materials. The numerical solution is shown to be extremely accurate on highly nonuniform meshes and reduces to the classical Yee FDTD error properties in the uniform Cartesian grid limit. Validation problems and comparison with the ubiquitous baseline FDTD algorithm will be presented in 1-D (2-D space-time). Results show that the second-order CESE method has an accuracy equivalent to fourth-sixth order FDTD for equal grids with highly discontinuous coefficients (e.g., permittivity). C1 [Sessions, Walter D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Winans, Kristen D.] Epic Syst Corp, Verona, WI 53593 USA. RP Sessions, WD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. FU NSWCDD DTIP funding committee FX Manuscript received September 24, 2010; accepted December 24, 2010. Date of current version April 13, 2011. This work was supported by the NSWCDD DTIP funding committee. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 4 BP 988 EP 994 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2124470 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 749NS UT WOS:000289475700005 ER PT J AU Fliflet, AW Hornstein, MK Gold, SH AF Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa K. Gold, Steven H. TI Enhanced Stability of Second- and Fourth-Harmonic Gyrotrons Driven by a Frequency-Doubled Prebunched Beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Frequency conversion; gyrotrons; klystrons; sub-millimeter wave generation ID MULTIMODE SIMULATION; WAVE AB There is currently considerable interest in operating gyrotrons at the second and higher cyclotron harmonics in order to access the near-terahertz regime while reducing magnetic field requirements. High-frequency gyrotrons have successfully operated at the second harmonic. However, competition from the fundamental harmonic increasingly limits operation in the higher order modes needed for the near-terahertz regime. Savilov recently proposed a scheme for frequency-doubled phase bunching of gyrating electron beams in a waveguide resonator formed from Bragg reflectors and with the drive frequency equal to the cyclotron frequency. The advantages of phase prebunching at twice the cyclotron frequency include suppression of the fundamental harmonic, enhanced second-harmonic operation, and increased likelihood of fourth-harmonic operation. We have investigated the use of this phase bunching technique to enhance higher harmonic operation in gyrotron oscillators with annular beams. We compute the frequency-doubled bunching produced by a Bragg-type prebunching cavity and use a large-signal, multimode, and multiharmonic gyrotron oscillator code to simulate the effect of this bunching on a highly overmoded output cavity. Regimes of stable operation are predicted for the second- and fourth-harmonic point designs. C1 [Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa K.; Gold, Steven H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil; mhornstein@hartnell.edu; steven.gold@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received September 29, 2010; revised December 15, 2010; accepted December 21, 2010. Date of publication February 16, 2011; date of current version April 13, 2011. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2107038 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 749OC UT WOS:000289476800004 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, AJ Zalalutdinov, MK Wahl, KJ Pique, A AF Birnbaum, Andrew J. Zalalutdinov, Maxim K. Wahl, Kathryn J. Pique, Alberto TI Fabrication and Response of Laser-Printed Cavity-Sealing Membranes SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Finite elements; laser direct write; laser forward transfer; membranes; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ID RESONATOR; FILMS; MEMS AB Freestanding micrometer-scale Ag membranes were laser printed via the laser decal transfer process without the use of sacrificial layers. Cross-sectional focused ion beam milling revealed uniform membrane thickness. Material and structural properties, including Young's modulus E approximate to 40 GPa, residual stress sigma(0) approximate to 61 MPa, and yield stress sigma(y) approximate to 110 MPa, were extracted via a coupled nanoindentation/finite-element simulation approach. Dynamic characterization of membranes via laser vibrometry confirmed resonant frequencies in the megahertz regime with quality factors comparable to fully dense structures fabricated via traditional lithography. [2010-0199] C1 [Birnbaum, Andrew J.; Pique, Alberto] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zalalutdinov, Maxim K.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Birnbaum, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM birnbaum@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; maxim.zalalutdinov.ctr.rs@nrl.navy.mil; kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil; alberto.pique@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 FU Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program using the Air Force Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center [416, 231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The finite-element analysis was supported by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program using the Air Force Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center under Project 416, Subproject 231. Subject Editor C. Mastrangelo. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2105251 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 745XR UT WOS:000289205400011 ER PT J AU Greene, BP AF Greene, Benjamin P. TI After Hiroshima: The United States, Race, and Nuclear Weapons in Asia, 1945-1965 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Greene, Benjamin P.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Greene, BP (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 662 EP 664 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 745PL UT WOS:000289178000042 ER PT J AU Hone, TC AF Hone, Thomas C. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Hone, TC (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 745PL UT WOS:000289178000046 ER PT J AU Butler, JL Butler, AL Butler, SC AF Butler, John L. Butler, Alexander L. Butler, Stephen C. TI The modal projector SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSDUCER AB The superposition of acoustical modes radiated from a transducer can provide directionality from a compact projector. This paper presents the foundation, as well as examples, of piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric single crystal, and magnetostrictive versions of this "modal projector." Measured and analytical, as well as finite element analysis modeled, results show good agreement and establish this transducer as a viable source of intensity with the advantages of an improved directivity index, reducing the power needed from a compact source. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3559684] C1 [Butler, John L.; Butler, Alexander L.] Image Acoust Inc, Cohasset, MA 02025 USA. [Butler, Stephen C.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Butler, JL (reprint author), Image Acoust Inc, 97 Elm St, Cohasset, MA 02025 USA. EM jbutler@imageacoustics.com FU Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank Julie Slaughter of Etrema Products, Inc. Ames, IA for her modeling of the Terfenol-D stack magnetic circuit and Victoria Curtis of Image Acoustics, Inc., Cohasset, MA for her help. The margined PZT-4 cylinder and PZT-8 Tonpilz transducers were supplied by Falmouth Scientific, Cataumet, MA. The PZT-8 modal projectors were fabricated by Falmouth Scientific, Inc. Cataumet, MA and Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems, Braintree, MA while the single crystal modal projector was fabricated by the Applied Research Laboratory of The Pennsylvania State University. The Terfenol-D modal projector and Tonpilz elements were fabricated at Etrema Products, Inc., Ames, IA and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport RI. We would like to thank them all for their engineering accomplishments. We would also like to thank the Office of Naval Research for their encouragement and support. Permedyn was supplied by Magnetic Components, AB (MagComp), Eslov, Sweden, Litz wire was supplied by New England Wire Technologies, Lisbon, NH, PZT-8, was supplied by Piezo Kinetics, Inc., Bellefonte, PA and the single crystal material PMN-28PT was supplied by HC Materials Corporation, Bolingbrook, IL. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 1881 EP 1889 DI 10.1121/1.3559684 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 747CT UT WOS:000289298600030 PM 21476644 ER PT J AU Pees, EH AF Pees, Edward H. TI A radial propagator for axisymmetric pressure fields SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE HANKEL TRANSFORM; ACOUSTIC FIELDS; COMPUTATION; APERTURE; WAVE AB The concept of a propagator is central to the angular spectrum formulation of diffraction theory, which expresses the pressure field diffracted by a two-dimensional aperture as a superposition of a continuum of plane waves. In the conventional form, an exponential term, known as a propagator, is multiplied by the wavenumber spectrum obtained from a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform of the aperture boundary condition, to obtain the wavenumber spectrum in a plane parallel to the boundary, offset by some distance specified in the propagator. By repeated use of this propagator and Fourier inversion, it is possible to completely construct the homogeneous part of the pressure field in the positive half-space beyond the planar boundary containing the aperture. Drawing upon preceding work relating the boundary condition to the axial pressure [Pees, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127(3), 1381-1390 (2010)], it is shown in this article that when the aperture is axially symmetric, an alternative type of propagator can be derived that propagates an axial wavenumber spectrum away from the axis of the aperture. Use of this radial propagator can be computationally advantageous since it allows for field construction using one-dimensional Fourier transforms instead of Hankel transforms or two-dimensional Fourier transforms. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3557053] C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Pees, EH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM edward.pees@navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 2052 EP 2058 DI 10.1121/1.3557053 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 747CT UT WOS:000289298600046 PM 21476660 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Finneran, JJ Houser, DS AF Mulsow, Jason Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. TI California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) aerial hearing sensitivity measured using auditory steady-state response and psychophysical methods SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; EVOKED-POTENTIAL AUDIOMETRY; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED TONES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; AUDIOGRAMS; PINNIPEDS; SINGLE; THRESHOLDS; COHERENCE AB Although electrophysiological methods of measuring the hearing sensitivity of pinnipeds are not yet as refined as those for dolphins and porpoises, they appear to be a promising supplement to traditional psychophysical procedures. In order to further standardize electrophysiological methods with pinnipeds, a within-subject comparison of psychophysical and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) measures of aerial hearing sensitivity was conducted with a 1.5-yr-old California sea lion. The psychophysical audiogram was similar to those previously reported for otariids, with a U-shape, and thresholds near 10 dB re 20 mu Pa at 8 and 16 kHz. ASSR thresholds measured using both single and multiple simultaneous amplitude-modulated tones closely reproduced the psychophysical audiogram, although the mean ASSR thresholds were elevated relative to psychophysical thresholds. Differences between psychophysical and ASSR thresholds were greatest at the low-and high-frequency ends of the audiogram. Thresholds measured using the multiple ASSR method were not different from those measured using the single ASSR method. The multiple ASSR method was more rapid than the single ASSR method, and allowed for threshold measurements at seven frequencies in less than 20 min. The multiple ASSR method may be especially advantageous for hearing sensitivity measurements with otariid subjects that are untrained for psychophysical procedures. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI:10.1121/1.3552882] C1 [Mulsow, Jason; Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM jason.mulsow@gmail.com OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU SSC Pacific In-House Laboratory; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Kari Wickersham, Amber Arnold, Jen Sabo, and Lisa Gibler for their assistance in training the subject. Eric Jensen, Sean Johnson, and the veterinary team at the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program monitored the subject during the AEP portions of the study. This work was funded by the SSC Pacific In-House Laboratory, Independent Research Program and the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biological Oceanography Program. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 2298 EP 2306 DI 10.1121/1.3552882 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 747CT UT WOS:000289298600071 PM 21476685 ER PT J AU Satterfield, E Szunyogh, I AF Satterfield, Elizabeth Szunyogh, Istvan TI Assessing the Performance of an Ensemble Forecast System in Predicting the Magnitude and the Spectrum of Analysis and Forecast Uncertainties SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; COVARIANCE INFLATION; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; REFORECASTS; SPREAD; ECMWF AB The ability of an ensemble to capture the magnitude and spectrum of uncertainty in a local linear space spanned by the ensemble perturbations is assessed. Numerical experiments are carried out with a reduced resolution 2004 version of the model component of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) data assimilation system is used to assimilate observations in three steps, gradually adding more realistic features to the observing network. In the first experiment, randomly placed, noisy, simulated vertical soundings, which provide 10% coverage of horizontal model grid points, arc assimilated. Next, the impact of an inhomogeneous observing system is introduced by assimilating simulated observations in the locations of real observations of the atmosphere. Finally, observations of the real atmosphere are assimilated. The most important findings of this study are the following: predicting the magnitude of the forecast uncertainty and the relative importance of the different patterns of uncertainty is, in general, a more difficult task than predicting the patterns of uncertainty; the ensemble, which is tuned to provide near-optimal performance at analysis time, underestimates not only the total magnitude of the uncertainty, but also the magnitude of the uncertainty that projects onto the space spanned by the ensemble perturbations; and finally, a strong predictive linear relationship is found between the local ensemble spread and the upper bound of the local forecast uncertainty. C1 [Satterfield, Elizabeth; Szunyogh, Istvan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Satterfield, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elizabeth.sattedield.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012 FU National Research Foundation [ATM-0935538] FX The authors wish to thank David Kuhl, Eric Kostelich, and Gyorgyi Gyarmati for their contributions to this work. The two anonymous reviewers made several helpful suggestions that helped us improve the presentation of our results. The research reported in this paper was funded by the National Research Foundation (Grant ATM-0935538). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1223 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3439.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200010 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Hodyss, D AF Bishop, Craig H. Hodyss, Daniel TI Adaptive Ensemble Covariance Localization in Ensemble 4D-VAR State Estimation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS PERTURBATION SCHEME; MODEL-ERROR REPRESENTATION; KALMAN FILTER; FORMULATION; TRANSFORM; BALANCE; NAVDAS; TESTS AB An adaptive ensemble covariance localization technique, previously used in "local" forms of the ensemble Kalman filter, is extended to a global ensemble four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) scheme. The purely adaptive part of the localization matrix considered is given by the element-wise square of the correlation matrix of a smoothed ensemble of streamfunction perturbations. It is found that these purely adaptive localization functions have spurious far-field correlations as large as 0.1 with a 128-member ensemble. To attenuate the spurious features of the purely adaptive localization functions, the authors multiply the adaptive localization functions with very broadscale nonadaptive localization functions. Using the Navy's operational ensemble forecasting system, it is shown that the covariance localization functions obtained by this approach adapt to spatially anisotropic aspects of the flow, move with the flow, and are free of far-field spurious correlations. The scheme is made computationally feasible by (i) a method for inexpensively generating the square root of an adaptively localized global four-dimensional error covariance model in terms of products or modulations of smoothed ensemble perturbations with themselves and with raw ensemble perturbations, and (ii) utilizing algorithms that speed ensemble covariance localization when localization functions are separable, variable-type independent, and/or large scale. In spite of the apparently useful characteristics of adaptive localization, single analysis/forecast experiments assimilating 583 200 observations over both 6- and 12-h data assimilation windows failed to identify any significant difference in the quality of the analyses and forecasts obtained using nonadaptive localization from that obtained using adaptive localization. C1 [Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 702,Room 212, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bishop@nrlmry.navy.mil FU ONR [0602435N, BE-435-003, N0001407WX30012] FX CHB and DH gratefully acknowledge financial support from ONR Project Element 0602435N, Project BE-435-003, and ONR Grant N0001407WX30012. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1255 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3403.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 751DH UT WOS:000289597200012 ER PT J AU Hudson, DD Dekker, SA Maegi, EC Judge, AC Jackson, SD Li, EB Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Eggleton, BJ AF Hudson, Darren D. Dekker, Stephen A. Maegi, Eric C. Judge, Alexander C. Jackson, Stuart D. Li, Enbang Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Aggarwal, I. D. Eggleton, Benjamin J. TI Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As2S3 taper using ultralow pump pulse energy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMBS; WAVE-GUIDE; GENERATION; FIBER AB An octave spanning spectrum is generated in an As2S3 taper via 77 pJ pulses from an ultrafast fiber laser. Using a previously developed tapering method, we construct a 1.3 mu m taper that has a zero-dispersion wavelength around 1.4 mu m. The low two-photon absorption of sulfide-based chalcogenide fiber allows for higher input powers than previous efforts in selenium-based chalcogenide tapered fibers. This higher power handling capability combined with input pulse chirp compensation allows an octave spanning spectrum to be generated directly from the taper using the unamplified laser output. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Hudson, Darren D.; Dekker, Stephen A.; Maegi, Eric C.; Judge, Alexander C.; Jackson, Stuart D.; Li, Enbang; Eggleton, Benjamin J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, DD (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM hudson@physics.usyd.edu.au RI li, enbang/E-9471-2011 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) FX Funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC) through its Federation Fellow and Centres of Excellence programs is gratefully acknowledged. The Centre for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS) is an ARC Centre of Excellence. NR 16 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1122 EP 1124 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746ML UT WOS:000289251000032 PM 21479003 ER PT J AU Czechowicz, J Huaman, JL Forshey, BM Morrison, AC Castillo, R Huaman, A Caceda, R Eza, D Rocha, C Blair, PJ Olson, JG Kochel, TJ AF Czechowicz, Josephine Huaman, Jose Luis Forshey, Brett M. Morrison, Amy C. Castillo, Roger Huaman, Alfredo Caceda, Roxana Eza, Dominique Rocha, Claudio Blair, Patrick J. Olson, James G. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Prevalence and Risk Factors for Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Peru SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cardiovirus; Encephalomyocarditis Virus; Epidemiology; Peru ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PIG FARMS; SWINE; EMCV; CARDIOVIRUSES; POPULATIONS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; MURINE AB Although encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection has been commonly documented among domestic animals, less is known about EMCV transmission among humans. Recently, we described the isolation of EMCV from two febrile patients in Peru. To further investigate EMCV transmission in Peru, we screened febrile patients reporting to health clinics in Peru for serological evidence of recent EMCV infection. We also conducted a serological survey for EMCV-neutralizing antibodies in the city of Iquitos, located in the Amazon basin department of Loreto, Peru. Additionally, we screened serum from rodents collected from 10 departments in Peru for evidence of EMCV exposure. EMCV infection was found to be only rarely associated with acute febrile disease in Peru, accounting for <1% of febrile episodes analyzed. Despite the low acute disease burden associated with the virus, human exposure was quite common, as prevalence of EMCV-neutralizing antibodies ranged between 6.0% in the coastal city of Tumbes and >17% in cities in the tropical rainforest of northeastern Peru (Iquitos and Yurimaguas). On the basis of the serological survey conducted in Iquitos, risk factors for past infection include increased age, socioeconomic indicators such as residence construction materials and neighborhood, and swine ownership. Evidence from the rodent survey indicates that EMCV exposure is common among Murinae subfamily rodents in Peru (9.4% EMCV IgG positive), but less common among Sigmodontinae rodents (1.0% positive). Further studies are necessary to more precisely delineate the mode of EMCV transmission to humans, other potential disease manifestations, and the economic impact of EMCV transmission among swine in Peru. C1 [Huaman, Jose Luis; Forshey, Brett M.; Castillo, Roger; Huaman, Alfredo; Caceda, Roxana; Rocha, Claudio; Blair, Patrick J.; Olson, James G.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] USN Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Huaman, Jose Luis; Forshey, Brett M.; Castillo, Roger; Huaman, Alfredo; Caceda, Roxana; Rocha, Claudio; Blair, Patrick J.; Olson, James G.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] USN Med Res Ctr Detachment, Iquitos, Peru. [Czechowicz, Josephine] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Morrison, Amy C.; Eza, Dominique] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kochel, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM tad.kochel@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U.S. Department of Defense [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX The study protocols (NMRCD.2000.0006 and PJT.NMRCD.014) were approved by the U.S. NMRC and NMRCD Institutional Review Boards in compliance with all U.S. Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, WORK UNIT NUMBER: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. The sponsor had no role in this study other than providing funding. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Some authors of this artile are military service members or employees of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.'' Title 17 U.S. C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by military service members or employees of the U.S. Government as part of those persons' official duties. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1089/vbz.2010.0029 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 749JN UT WOS:000289461600006 PM 21395427 ER PT J AU Hussey, SM Dukette, PJ Dunn, SH Evans, TJ Oakes, NY Gleeson, TD Donahue, TF AF Hussey, Sean M. Dukette, Phillip J. Dunn, Scott H. Evans, Toinette J. Oakes, Natalie Y. Gleeson, Todd D. Donahue, Timothy F. TI The 2010 Haiti Earthquake A Pathology Perspective Aboard the USNS Comfort SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The US Navy hospital ship USNS Comfort played an integral role in the initial phases of Operation Unified Response-Haiti following the devastating earthquake that struck near Port-Au-Prince, Haiti, on January 12, 2010. Deployed to Haiti from its home in Baltimore, Maryland, just 4 days after the earthquake, the USNS Comfort would become the region's primary tertiary casualty receiving center for 6 weeks. The pathology and laboratory department staff onboard the ship helped support the mission and experienced unique mass casualty/disaster relief scenarios while underway. This article reviews the accounts of the core laboratory, microbiology, anatomic pathology, and blood bank divisions on the USNS Comfort from the chaotic first few weeks to the final patient discharge 40 days after Operation Unified Response-Haiti began.(Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135:417-421) C1 [Hussey, Sean M.; Dukette, Phillip J.; Dunn, Scott H.; Evans, Toinette J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Gleeson, Todd D.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Donahue, Timothy F.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Oakes, Natalie Y.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hussey, SM (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM sean.hussey@med.navy.mil NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 135 IS 4 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 746BS UT WOS:000289217200006 PM 21466355 ER PT J AU Solomon, D Kim, B Scultetus, A Arnaud, F Auker, C Freilich, D McCarron, R AF Solomon, Daniel Kim, Bobby Scultetus, Anke Arnaud, Francoise Auker, Charles Freilich, Daniel McCarron, Richard TI The effect of rFVIIa on pro- and anti-inflamatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in a swine model of traumatic brain injury SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Interleukin-1 beta; Interleukin-10; rFVIIa; TBI ID RECOMBINANT-FACTOR-VIIA; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; INTERLEUKIN-10; EXPRESSION; COAGULOPATHY; COAGULATION; THERAPY AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with significant infectious and inflammatory complications. Though increasing evidence suggests that rFVIla administration may be efficacious for the pre-hospital treatment of TBI, the FVIIa-tissue factor complex has beets shown to be immunologically active. To date the cytokine response to rFVIIa administration for the treatment of TBI has not been evaluated. Twenty anesthetized immature Yorkshire swine underwent fluid percussion TBI. At 15 min following injury, animals were randomized to receive either 90 mu g/kg rFVIla (rFVIIa) or nothing. Animals were observed for 6 h and then euthanized. Plasma and cerebrospinal (CSF) samples were collected at 0 min and 360 min. and ELISA analysis of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-10 was performed. Survival in both groups was 100%. Baseline cytokine concentrations were not statistically different between rFVIIa and control animals in plasma or CSF. Animals in both groups did not have significant changes in plasma cytokine concentrations following TBI. Control animals did not demonstrate significant changes from baseline of CSF cytokine concentrations following TBI. The administration of rFVIla however, resulted in significant increases in CSF TNF-alpha concentration (232.0 pg/ml +/- 75.9 vs 36.4 pg/ml +/- 10.4, p = 0.036) and IL-10 concentration (10.7 pg/ml +/- 0.6 vs 8.8 pg/ml +/- 0.1, p = 0.015). IL-10 concentrations were not significantly changed over the experimental time course. These results suggest that rEVIIa administration for the treatment of TBI is not immunologically inert, and is associated with increased CSF concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-10. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solomon, Daniel; Kim, Bobby; Scultetus, Anke; Arnaud, Francoise; Auker, Charles; Freilich, Daniel; McCarron, Richard] USN, NeuroTrauma Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Solomon, Daniel] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Trauma Crit Care & Surg Emergencies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Scultetus, Anke; Auker, Charles; McCarron, Richard] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Solomon, D (reprint author), USN, NeuroTrauma Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,2N81, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM D.Solomon@Yale.edu FU [202236N.M04426.826.A0241] FX This work was supported and funded by work unit number 202236N.M04426.826.A0241. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.013 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 743LO UT WOS:000289020000003 PM 21251848 ER PT J AU Nelson, MJ Liao, K John, R Shumway, S Tetteh, HA AF Nelson, M. J. Liao, K. John, R. Shumway, S. Tetteh, H. A. TI Cost Impact of Permanent Pacemaker Insertion in Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipients: A Comparison of Bi-Atrial and Bi-Caval Techniques SO JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions on International-Society-for-Heart-and-Lung-Transplantation CY APR 13-16, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Int Soc Heart & Lung Transplantat C1 [Nelson, M. J.; Liao, K.; John, R.; Shumway, S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Tetteh, H. A.] USN, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1053-2498 J9 J HEART LUNG TRANSPL JI J. Heart Lung Transplant. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 583 BP S195 EP S196 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Transplantation SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Transplantation GA 742EO UT WOS:000288924300579 ER PT J AU DiRenzo, MS Greenhaus, JH Weer, CH AF DiRenzo, Marco S. Greenhaus, Jeffrey H. Weer, Christy H. TI Job level, demands, and resources as antecedents of work-family conflict SO JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Job level; Work-family; Work-family initiatives ID ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH; METHOD VARIANCE; LOW-WAGE; IMPACT; STRAIN; PERCEPTIONS; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCES; VARIABLES; BENEFITS AB Although substantial research has examined the conflict that employees experience between their work and family roles, the literature has not investigated the prevalence and antecedents of work-family conflict for individuals who work at different levels of an organization. This study examines differences in work-family conflict (work interference with family and family interference with work) for lower-level and higher-level employees, the factors that might explain these differences, and the differential effect of resources on conflict across job levels. Results indicate that higher-level workers experience greater conflict in both directions than lower-level workers, and that work- and home-based resources are differentially related to the conflict experienced by employees who hold lower-level and higher-level jobs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DiRenzo, Marco S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Greenhaus, Jeffrey H.] Drexel Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Weer, Christy H.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Management & Mkt, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP DiRenzo, MS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Management, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM msdirenz@nps.edu; greenhaus@drexel.edu; chweer@salisbury.edu OI DiRenzo, Marco/0000-0001-9602-2607 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0001-8791 J9 J VOCAT BEHAV JI J. Vocat. Behav. PD APR PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.10.002 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 736EY UT WOS:000288474700016 ER PT J AU Degenaar, N Wolff, MT Ray, PS Wood, KS Homan, J Lewin, WHG Jonker, PG Cackett, EM Miller, JM Brown, EF Wijnands, R AF Degenaar, N. Wolff, M. T. Ray, P. S. Wood, K. S. Homan, J. Lewin, W. H. G. Jonker, P. G. Cackett, E. M. Miller, J. M. Brown, E. F. Wijnands, R. TI Further X-ray observations of EXO 0748-676 in quiescence: evidence for a cooling neutron star crust SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion,accretion discs; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual: EXO 0748-676; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; LIGHT CURVES; CEN X-4; TRANSIENT KS-1731-260; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; TIMING-EXPLORER; MASS; EMISSION; MXB-1659-29 AB In late 2008, the quasi-persistent neutron star X-ray transient and eclipsing binary EXO 0748-676 started a transition from outburst to quiescence, after it actively accreted for more than 24 yr. In a previous work, we discussed Chandra and Swift observations obtained during the first 5 months of this transition. Here, we report on further X-ray observations of EXO 0748-676, extending the quiescent monitoring to 1.6 yr. Chandra and XMM-Newton data reveal quiescent X-ray spectra composed of a soft, thermal component that is well fitted by a neutron star atmosphere model. An additional hard power-law tail is detected that changes non-monotonically over time, contributing between 4 and 20 per cent to the total unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV flux. The combined set of Chandra, XMM-Newton and Swift data reveals that the thermal bolometric luminosity fades from similar to 1 x 1034 to 6 x 1033 (D/7.4 kpc)2 erg s -1, whereas the inferred neutron star effective temperature decreases from similar to 124 to 109 eV. We interpret the observed decay as cooling of the neutron star crust and show that the fractional quiescent temperature change of EXO 0748-676 is markedly smaller than observed for three other neutron star X-ray binaries that underwent prolonged accretion outbursts. C1 [Degenaar, N.; Wijnands, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wolff, M. T.; Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Homan, J.; Lewin, W. H. G.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cackett, E. M.; Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Brown, E. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Degenaar, N (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM degenaar@uva.nl RI Brown, Edward/F-1721-2011; OI Brown, Edward/0000-0003-3806-5339; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); NASA; Chandra grant [GO8-9045X] FX This work was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and made use of the Swift public data archive. We acknowledge Swift PI N. Gehrels and the Swift planning team for their help in carrying out the ToO campaign. EMC was supported by NASA through the Chandra Fellowship Program. MTW, PSR and KSW acknowledge the United States Office of Naval Research. JH and WHGL acknowledge support from Chandra grant GO8-9045X. NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 412 IS 3 BP 1409 EP 1418 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17562.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745IM UT WOS:000289159100001 ER PT J AU Habelow, L Gao, S AF Habelow, Laura Gao, Sam TI MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AFTER A PREMATURE DELIVERY FOR HELLP SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2011 Spring Clinical Meeting on National Kidney Foundation CY APR 26-30, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Natl Kidney Fdn C1 [Habelow, Laura; Gao, Sam] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 MA 111 BP A44 EP A44 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 738QN UT WOS:000288657100112 ER PT J AU Axelrod, DA Gheorghian, A Schnitzler, MA Dzebisashvili, N Salvalaggio, PR Tuttle-Newhall, J Segev, DL Gentry, S Hohmann, S Merion, RM Lentine, KL AF Axelrod, D. A. Gheorghian, A. Schnitzler, M. A. Dzebisashvili, N. Salvalaggio, P. R. Tuttle-Newhall, J. Segev, D. L. Gentry, S. Hohmann, S. Merion, R. M. Lentine, K. L. TI The Economic Implications of Broader Sharing of Liver Allografts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Cost effectiveness; healthcare costs; liver transplantation; model for end-stage liver disease; organ allocation ID HEALTH-CARE REFORM; DONOR RISK INDEX; CARDIAC DEATH; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; IMPACT; DONATION; MELD; SURVIVAL; INCREASE AB Liver transplantation has evolved over the past four decades into the most effective method to treat end-stage liver failure and one of the most expensive medical technologies available. Accurate understanding of the financial implication of recipient severity of illness is crucial to assessing the economic impact of allocation policies. A novel database of linked clinical data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network with cost accounting data from the University HealthSystem Consortium was used to analyze liver transplant costs for 15 813 liver transplants. This data was then utilized to consider the economic impact of alternative allocation systems designed to increase sharing of liver allografts using simulation results. Transplant costs were strongly associated with recipient severity of illness as assessed by the MELD score (p < 0.0001); however, this relationship was not linear. Simulation analysis of the reallocation of livers from low MELD patients to high MELD using a two-tiered regional sharing approach (MELD 15/25) resulted in 88 fewer deaths annually at estimated cost of $17 056 per quality-adjusted life-year saved. The results suggest that broader sharing of liver allografts offers a cost-effective strategy to reduce the mortality from end stage liver disease. C1 [Axelrod, D. A.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Gheorghian, A.; Schnitzler, M. A.; Dzebisashvili, N.; Salvalaggio, P. R.; Lentine, K. L.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, St Louis, MO USA. [Segev, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.] USN Acad, Baltimore, MD USA. [Merion, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hohmann, S.] Univ HealthSyst Consortium, Oak Brook, IL USA. RP Axelrod, DA (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.Axelrod@hitchcock.org FU National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK086450-01]; NIDDK [K08DK073036]; University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) FX This work was supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, RC1 1RC1DK086450-01. Dr. Lentine also received career development support from an NIDDK grant, K08DK073036. Data reported here have been supplied by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) as the contractor for the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and by the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC). The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy of or interpretation by the OPTN, UHC, the US Government, the NIDDK or the National Institutes of Health. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 798 EP 807 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03443.x PG 10 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 741ZK UT WOS:000288907300025 PM 21401867 ER PT J AU Rodkvamtook, W Ruang-Areerate, T Gaywee, J Richards, AL Jeamwattanalert, P Bodhidatta, D Sangjun, N Prasartvit, A Jatisatienr, A Jatisatienr, C AF Rodkvamtook, Wuttikon Ruang-areerate, Toon Gaywee, Jariyanart Richards, Allen L. Jeamwattanalert, Pimmada Bodhidatta, Dharadhida Sangjun, Noppadon Prasartvit, Anchana Jatisatienr, Araya Jatisatienr, Chaiwat TI Isolation and Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Rodents Captured following a Scrub Typhus Outbreak at a Military Training Base, Bothong District, Chonburi Province, Central Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGIES; ANTIGEN GENES; CLASSIFICATION; STRAINS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIA AB Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus, a vector-borne disease transmitted by infected chiggers (trombiculid mite larvae). In 2002, an outbreak of scrub typhus occurred among Royal Thai Army troops during the annual field training at a military base in Bothong district, Chonburi province, central Thailand. This report describes the outbreak investigation including its transmission cycle. Results showed that 33.9% of 174 trained troops had scrub typhus-like signs and symptoms and 9.8% of those were positive for O. tsutsugamushi-specific antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody assay. One hundred thirty-five rodents were captured from this training area,43% of them had antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi. Six new O. tsutsugamushi isolates were obtained from captured rodent tissues and successfully established in cell culture. Phylogenetic studies showed that these six isolates were either unique or related to a native genotype of previously described isolates from Thailand. C1 [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jatisatienr, Araya; Jatisatienr, Chaiwat] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Rodkvamtook, Wuttikon; Ruang-areerate, Toon; Gaywee, Jariyanart] Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Div Res, Bangkok, Thailand. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Prevent Med & Biometr Dept, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Prasartvit, Anchana] Minist Publ Hlth, Bur Gen Communicable Dis, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Jeamwattanalert, Pimmada] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Sangjun, Noppadon] Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Lab Anim, Div Anal, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wuttikornr@afrims.go.th; youangtr@yahoo.com; jariyanartg@afrims.org; Allen.Richards@med.navy.mil; pimmadaj@afrims.org; dbodhi@hotmail.com; noppadon625@yahoo.com; A_Pasartvit@yahoo.com; Arayarj@yahoo.com; Jchaiwat@chiangmai.ac.th RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Thanphuying Viraya Chavakul Foundation for Medical Armed Forces Research; Department of Biology,Faculty of Science and the Graduate school, Chiang Mai University Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS) Royal Thai Army, Bangkok Thailand; GEIS/AFHSC [847705.82000.25GB. A0074] FX This work was supported by Thanphuying Viraya Chavakul Foundation for Medical Armed Forces Research Grant (2008), the Department of Biology,Faculty of Science and the Graduate school, Chiang Mai University Thailand, the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS) Royal Thai Army, Bangkok Thailand, and GEIS/AFHSC work unit number 847705.82000.25GB. A0074 for the financial support of this project. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.09-0768 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 743MY UT WOS:000289023600017 PM 21460017 ER PT J AU Mullen, L Alley, D Cochenour, B AF Mullen, Linda Alley, Derek Cochenour, Brandon TI Investigation of the effect of scattering agent and scattering albedo on modulated light propagation in water SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; MULTIPLE AB A recent paper described experiments completed to study the effect of scattering on the propagation of modulated light in laboratory tank water [Appl. Opt. 48, 2607 (2009)]. Those measurements were limited to a specific scattering agent (Maalox antacid) with a fixed scattering albedo (0.95). The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different scattering agents and scattering albedos on modulated light propagation in water. The results show that the scattering albedo affects the number of attenuation lengths that the modulated optical signal propagates without distortion, while the type of scattering agent affects the degree to which the modulation is distorted with increasing attenuation length. C1 [Mullen, Linda; Alley, Derek; Cochenour, Brandon] NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Elect Opt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Elect Opt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM linda.mullen@navy.mil FU In-House Laboratory Innovative Research (ILIR) FX This work was funded by In-House Laboratory Innovative Research (ILIR) funds. The authors thank Dr. Yogesh Agrawal of Sequoia Scientific, Inc. for providing the volume scattering function measurements and Dr. Fraser Dalgleish of the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University for providing the photographs of the Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 scattering agents. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1396 EP 1404 DI 10.1364/AO.50.001396 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 744CF UT WOS:000289070300017 PM 21460906 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG Bernstein, N Jacobs, VL Finkenstadt, D AF Shabaev, Andrew Lambrakos, Samuel G. Bernstein, Noam Jacobs, Verne L. Finkenstadt, Daniel TI A General Framework for Numerical Simulation of Improvised Explosive Device (IED)-Detection Scenarios Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Terahertz (THz) Spectra SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE S-Matrix; Terahertz spectroscopy; THz spectra; Improvised explosive devices; IED detection; Dielectric response; Density functional theory; DFT; Numerical simulation ID INTENSITIES; ELECTRON; RAMAN; GAS; HMX AB We have developed a general framework for numerical simulation of various types of scenarios that can occur for the detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) through the use of excitation using incident electromagnetic waves. A central component model of this framework is an S-matrix representation of a multilayered composite material system. Each layer of the system is characterized by an average thickness and an effective electric permittivity function. The outputs of this component are the reflectivity and the transmissivity as functions of frequency and angle of the incident electromagnetic wave. The input or the component is a parameterized analytic-function representation of the electric permittivity as a function of frequency, which is provided by another component model of the framework. The permittivity function is constructed by fitting response spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and parameter adjustment according to any additional information that may be available, e.g., experimentally measured spectra or theory-based assumptions concerning spectral features. A prototype simulation is described that considers response characteristics for THz excitation of the high explosive beta-HMX. This prototype simulation includes a description of procedure for calculating response spectra using DFT as input to the S-matrix model. For this purpose, the DFT software NRLMOL was adopted. C1 [Shabaev, Andrew] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lambrakos, Samuel G.; Bernstein, Noam; Jacobs, Verne L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Finkenstadt, Daniel] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ashabaev@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 20 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1366/10-06119 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 743IX UT WOS:000289013100009 PM 21396188 ER PT J AU Aihara, H Prieto, CA An, D Anderson, SF Aubourg, E Balbinot, E Beers, TC Berlind, AA Bickerton, SJ Bizyaev, D Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Bolton, AS Bovy, J Brandt, WN Brinkmann, J Brown, PJ Brownstein, JR Busca, NG Campbell, H Carr, MA Chen, YM Chiappini, C Comparat, J Connolly, N Cortes, M Croft, RAC Cuesta, AJ da Costa, LN Davenport, JRA Dawson, K Dhital, S Ealet, A Ebelke, GL Edmondson, EM Eisenstein, DJ Escoffier, S Esposito, M Evans, ML Fan, XH Castella, BF Font-Ribera, A Frinchaboy, PM Ge, JA Gillespie, BA Gilmore, G Hernandez, JIG Gott, JR Gould, A Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Hamilton, JC Harding, P Harris, DW Hawley, SL Hearty, FR Ho, S Hogg, DW Holtzman, JA Honscheid, K Inada, N Ivans, II Jiang, LH Johnson, JA Jordan, C Jordan, WP Kazin, EA Kirkby, D Klaene, MA Knapp, GR Kneib, JP Kochanek, CS Koesterke, L Kollmeier, JA Kron, RG Lampeitl, H Lang, D Le Goff, JM Lee, YS Lin, YT Long, DC Loomis, CP Lucatello, S Lundgren, B Lupton, RH Ma, ZB MacDonald, N Mahadevan, S Maia, MAG Makler, M Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Mandelbaum, R Maraston, C Margala, D Masters, KL McBride, CK McGehee, PM McGreer, ID Menard, B Miralda-Escude, J Morrison, HL Mullally, F Muna, D Munn, JA Murayama, H Myers, AD Naugle, T Neto, AF Nguyen, DC Nichol, RC O'Connell, RW Ogando, RLC Olmstead, MD Oravetz, DJ Padmanabhan, N Palanque-Delabrouille, N Pan, K Pandey, P Paris, I Percival, WJ Petitjean, P Pfaffenberger, R Pforr, J Phleps, S Pichon, C Pieri, MM Prada, F Price-Whelan, AM Raddick, MJ Ramos, BHF Reyle, C Rich, J Richards, GT Rix, HW Robin, AC Rocha-Pinto, HJ Rockosi, CM Roe, NA Rollinde, E Ross, AJ Ross, NP Rossetto, BM Sanchez, AG Sayres, C Schlegel, DJ Schlesinger, KJ Schmidt, SJ Schneider, DP Sheldon, E Shu, YP Simmerer, J Simmons, AE Sivarani, T Snedden, SA Sobeck, JS Steinmetz, M Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Tanaka, M Thakar, AR Thomas, D Tinker, JL Tofflemire, BM Tojeiro, R Tremonti, CA Vandenberg, J Magana, MV Verde, L Vogt, NP Wake, DA Wang, J Weaver, BA Weinberg, DH White, M White, SDM Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yeche, C Zehavi, I AF Aihara, Hiroaki Allende Prieto, Carlos An, Deokkeun Anderson, Scott F. Aubourg, Eric Balbinot, Eduardo Beers, Timothy C. Berlind, Andreas A. Bickerton, Steven J. Bizyaev, Dmitry Blanton, Michael R. Bochanski, John J. Bolton, Adam S. Bovy, Jo Brandt, W. N. Brinkmann, J. Brown, Peter J. Brownstein, Joel R. Busca, Nicolas G. Campbell, Heather Carr, Michael A. Chen, Yanmei Chiappini, Cristina Comparat, Johan Connolly, Natalia Cortes, Marina Croft, Rupert A. C. Cuesta, Antonio J. da Costa, Luiz N. Davenport, James R. A. Dawson, Kyle Dhital, Saurav Ealet, Anne Ebelke, Garrett L. Edmondson, Edward M. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Escoffier, Stephanie Esposito, Massimiliano Evans, Michael L. Fan, Xiaohui Femenia Castella, Bruno Font-Ribera, Andreu Frinchaboy, Peter M. Ge, Jian Gillespie, Bruce A. Gilmore, G. Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I. Gott, J. Richard Gould, Andrew Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. Hamilton, Jean-Christophe Harding, Paul Harris, David W. Hawley, Suzanne L. Hearty, Frederick R. Ho, Shirley Hogg, David W. Holtzman, Jon A. Honscheid, Klaus Inada, Naohisa Ivans, Inese I. Jiang, Linhua Johnson, Jennifer A. Jordan, Cathy Jordan, Wendell P. Kazin, Eyal A. Kirkby, David Klaene, Mark A. Knapp, G. R. Kneib, Jean-Paul Kochanek, C. S. Koesterke, Lars Kollmeier, Juna A. Kron, Richard G. Lampeitl, Hubert Lang, Dustin Le Goff, Jean-Marc Lee, Young Sun Lin, Yen-Ting Long, Daniel C. Loomis, Craig P. Lucatello, Sara Lundgren, Britt Lupton, Robert H. Ma, Zhibo MacDonald, Nicholas Mahadevan, Suvrath Maia, Marcio A. G. Makler, Martin Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Mandelbaum, Rachel Maraston, Claudia Margala, Daniel Masters, Karen L. McBride, Cameron K. McGehee, Peregrine M. McGreer, Ian D. Menard, Brice Miralda-Escude, Jordi Morrison, Heather L. Mullally, F. Muna, Demitri Munn, Jeffrey A. Murayama, Hitoshi Myers, Adam D. Naugle, Tracy Neto, Angelo Fausti Duy Cuong Nguyen Nichol, Robert C. O'Connell, Robert W. Ogando, Ricardo L. C. Olmstead, Matthew D. Oravetz, Daniel J. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie Pan, Kaike Pandey, Parul Paris, Isabelle Percival, Will J. Petitjean, Patrick Pfaffenberger, Robert Pforr, Janine Phleps, Stefanie Pichon, Christophe Pieri, Matthew M. Prada, Francisco Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Raddick, M. Jordan Ramos, Beatriz H. F. Reyle, Celine Rich, James Richards, Gordon T. Rix, Hans-Walter Robin, Annie C. Rocha-Pinto, Helio J. Rockosi, Constance M. Roe, Natalie A. Rollinde, Emmanuel Ross, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Rossetto, Bruno M. Sanchez, Ariel G. Sayres, Conor Schlegel, David J. Schlesinger, Katharine J. Schmidt, Sarah J. Schneider, Donald P. Sheldon, Erin Shu, Yiping Simmerer, Jennifer Simmons, Audrey E. Sivarani, Thirupathi Snedden, Stephanie A. Sobeck, Jennifer S. Steinmetz, Matthias Strauss, Michael A. Szalay, Alexander S. Tanaka, Masayuki Thakar, Aniruddha R. Thomas, Daniel Tinker, Jeremy L. Tofflemire, Benjamin M. Tojeiro, Rita Tremonti, Christy A. Vandenberg, Jan Magana, M. Vargas Verde, Licia Vogt, Nicole P. Wake, David A. Wang, Ji Weaver, Benjamin A. Weinberg, David H. White, Martin White, Simon D. M. Yanny, Brian Yasuda, Naoki Yeche, Christophe Zehavi, Idit TI THE EIGHTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY: FIRST DATA FROM SDSS-III SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; 7TH DATA RELEASE; OPEN CLUSTERS; WHITE-DWARFS; USNO-B; SEGUE; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE; CATALOG AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) started a new phase in 2008 August, with new instrumentation and new surveys focused on Galactic structure and chemical evolution, measurements of the baryon oscillation feature in the clustering of galaxies and the quasar Ly alpha forest, and a radial velocity search for planets around similar to 8000 stars. This paper describes the first data release of SDSS-III (and the eighth counting from the beginning of the SDSS). The release includes five-band imaging of roughly 5200 deg(2) in the southern Galactic cap, bringing the total footprint of the SDSS imaging to 14,555 deg(2), or over a third of the Celestial Sphere. All the imaging data have been reprocessed with an improved sky-subtraction algorithm and a final, self-consistent photometric recalibration and flat-field determination. This release also includes all data from the second phase of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE-2), consisting of spectroscopy of approximately 118,000 stars at both high and low Galactic latitudes. All the more than half a million stellar spectra obtained with the SDSS spectrograph have been reprocessed through an improved stellar parameter pipeline, which has better determination of metallicity for high-metallicity stars. C1 [Bickerton, Steven J.; Carr, Michael A.; Gott, J. Richard; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, G. R.; Lang, Dustin; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Mullally, F.; Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aihara, Hiroaki; Lin, Yen-Ting; Menard, Brice; Murayama, Hitoshi; Tanaka, Masayuki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Allende Prieto, Carlos; Esposito, Massimiliano; Femenia Castella, Bruno; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Allende Prieto, Carlos; Esposito, Massimiliano; Femenia Castella, Bruno] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [An, Deokkeun] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Anderson, Scott F.; Davenport, James R. A.; Evans, Michael L.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Sayres, Conor; Schmidt, Sarah J.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aubourg, Eric; Hamilton, Jean-Christophe; Magana, M. Vargas] Univ Paris Diderot, Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Aubourg, Eric; Le Goff, Jean-Marc; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Rich, James; Yeche, Christophe] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Balbinot, Eduardo; Neto, Angelo Fausti] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Balbinot, Eduardo; Chiappini, Cristina; da Costa, Luiz N.; Maia, Marcio A. G.; Makler, Martin; Neto, Angelo Fausti; Ogando, Ricardo L. C.; Ramos, Beatriz H. F.; Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.; Rossetto, Bruno M.] Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Berlind, Andreas A.; Dhital, Saurav; McBride, Cameron K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brinkmann, J.; Ebelke, Garrett L.; Gillespie, Bruce A.; Jordan, Cathy; Jordan, Wendell P.; Klaene, Mark A.; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Naugle, Tracy; Oravetz, Daniel J.; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, Audrey E.; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Blanton, Michael R.; Bovy, Jo; Hogg, David W.; Kazin, Eyal A.; Muna, Demitri; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Tinker, Jeremy L.; Weaver, Benjamin A.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Bochanski, John J.; Brandt, W. N.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.; Brown, Peter J.; Brownstein, Joel R.; Dawson, Kyle; Harris, David W.; Ivans, Inese I.; Olmstead, Matthew D.; Pandey, Parul; Shu, Yiping; Simmerer, Jennifer] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Brandt, W. N.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Campbell, Heather; Edmondson, Edward M.; Lampeitl, Hubert; Maraston, Claudia; Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert C.; Percival, Will J.; Pforr, Janine; Ross, Ashley J.; Thomas, Daniel; Tojeiro, Rita] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Chen, Yanmei; Tremonti, Christy A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Chiappini, Cristina; Steinmetz, Matthias] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Chiappini, Cristina] Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Comparat, Johan; Kneib, Jean-Paul] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Connolly, Natalia] Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Cortes, Marina; Ho, Shirley; Roe, Natalie A.; Ross, Nicholas P.; Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Croft, Rupert A. C.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Bruce & Astrid McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cuesta, Antonio J.; Lundgren, Britt; Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Wake, David A.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [da Costa, Luiz N.; Maia, Marcio A. G.; Ogando, Ricardo L. C.; Ramos, Beatriz H. F.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Ealet, Anne; Escoffier, Stephanie] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. [Ebelke, Garrett L.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Jordan, Wendell P.; Pfaffenberger, Robert; Vogt, Nicole P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Fan, Xiaohui; Jiang, Linhua; McGreer, Ian D.; Szalay, Alexander S.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Coll Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Font-Ribera, Andreu] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Frinchaboy, Peter M.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Ge, Jian; Duy Cuong Nguyen; Wang, Ji] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gilmore, G.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Gould, Andrew; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Kochanek, C. S.; Pieri, Matthew M.; Schlesinger, Katharine J.; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Grebel, Eva K.; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Harding, Paul; Ma, Zhibo; Morrison, Heather L.; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hearty, Frederick R.; O'Connell, Robert W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Honscheid, Klaus] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Inada, Naohisa] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kirkby, David; Margala, Daniel] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Koesterke, Lars] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Kollmeier, Juna A.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Kron, Richard G.; Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kron, Richard G.; Sobeck, Jennifer S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Lucatello, Sara] INAF, Osservatorio Astrono Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Makler, Martin] ICRA, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [McGehee, Peregrine M.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Menard, Brice] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Menard, Brice; Raddick, M. Jordan; Szalay, Alexander S.; Thakar, Aniruddha R.; Vandenberg, Jan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Miralda-Escude, Jordi; Verde, Licia] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Miralda-Escude, Jordi; Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Mullally, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Munn, Jeffrey A.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Myers, Adam D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Paris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick; Pichon, Christophe; Rollinde, Emmanuel] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Phleps, Stefanie; Sanchez, Ariel G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Pieri, Matthew M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Prada, Francisco] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Reyle, Celine; Robin, Annie C.] Univ Franche Comte, Observ Besancon, Inst Utinam, F-25010 Besancon, France. [Richards, Gordon T.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rix, Hans-Walter] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.; Rossetto, Bruno M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Observ Valongo, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sheldon, Erin] Bldg 510 Brookhaven Natl Lab Upton, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sivarani, Thirupathi] Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [White, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Simon D. M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Strauss, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Pforr, Janine/J-3967-2015; Makler, Martin/G-2639-2012; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Rocha-Pinto, Helio/C-2719-2008; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016; Croft, Rupert/N-8707-2014; Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; Le Goff, Jean-Marc/E-7629-2013; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I./L-3556-2014; Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Ho, Shirley/P-3682-2014; Balbinot, Eduardo/E-8019-2015; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015 OI Cortes, Marina/0000-0003-0485-3767; Schmidt, Sarah/0000-0002-7224-7702; Cuesta Vazquez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4153-9470; Bovy, Jo/0000-0001-6855-442X; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X; Pforr, Janine/0000-0002-3414-8391; Makler, Martin/0000-0003-2206-2651; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486; Croft, Rupert/0000-0003-0697-2583; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Miralda-Escude, Jordi/0000-0002-2316-8370; Escoffier, Stephanie/0000-0002-2847-7498; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I./0000-0002-0264-7356; Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Ho, Shirley/0000-0002-1068-160X; Balbinot, Eduardo/0000-0002-1322-3153; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University FX We thank the referee, Andrew West, for comments that improved the paper. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US Department of Energy. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 86 TC 723 Z9 729 U1 6 U2 53 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2011 VL 193 IS 2 AR 29 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/29 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 743ZG UT WOS:000289059200007 ER PT J AU Rowland, CE Cantos, PM Toby, BH Frisch, M Deschamps, JR Cahill, CL AF Rowland, Clare E. Cantos, Paula M. Toby, Brian H. Frisch, Mark Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cahill, Christopher L. TI Controlling Disulfide Bond Formation and Crystal Growth from 2-Mercaptobenzoic Acid SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SITU LIGAND SYNTHESES; IN-SITU; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; THIOLS; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; EFFICIENT; COMPLEX; MILD AB We report disulfide bond formation from 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (2-MBA) under hydrothermal conditions as a function of pH. Under acidic conditions, 2-MBA remains unchanged. Upon increasing pH, however, we observe 50% oxidation to 2,2'-disulfanediyldibenzoic acid (2,2'-DSBA), which is isolated as a cocrystal of both the thiol and disulfide molecules. At neutral pH, we observe complete oxidation and concurrent crystal growth. The pH sensitivity of this system allows targeting crystals of specific composition from simple building units through a straightforward pH manipulation. C1 [Rowland, Clare E.; Cantos, Paula M.; Cahill, Christopher L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Toby, Brian H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frisch, Mark; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cahill, CL (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, 725 21st St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM cahill@gwu.edu RI Rowland, Clare/C-2704-2013; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; OI Rowland, Clare/0000-0002-5474-5257; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001089]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0348982, DMR0419754]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001089. The research was also supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory. X-ray diffraction equipment was purchased with National Science Foundation funding (DMR-0348982 and DMR0419754). Use of the Advanced Photon Source (11-BM) at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1374 DI 10.1021/cg101619y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 743WO UT WOS:000289050100067 ER PT J AU Doering, E Michael, TS Shader, BL AF Doering, E. Michael, T. S. Shader, B. L. TI EVEN AND ODD TOURNAMENT MATRICES WITH MINIMUM RANK OVER FINITE FIELDS SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF LINEAR ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE Tournament matrix; Rank AB The (0, 1)-matrix A of order n is a tournament matrix provided A + A(T) + I = J, where I is the identity matrix, and J = J(n) is the all 1's matrix of order n. It was shown by de Caen and Michael that the rank of a tournament matrix A of order n over a field of characteristic p satisfies rank(p)(A) >= (n - 1)/2 with equality if and only if n is odd and AA(T) = O. This article shows that the rank of a tournament matrix A of even order n over a field of characteristic p satisfies rank(p)(A) >= n/2 with equality if and only if after simultaneous row and column permutations AA(T) = [+/- J(m) O], for a suitable integer m. The results and constructions for even order tournament matrices are related to and shed light on tournament matrices of odd order with minimum rank. C1 [Doering, E.] Distrubut IT, Lincoln Financial Grp, Hartford, CT 06103 USA. [Michael, T. S.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Shader, B. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Doering, E (reprint author), Distrubut IT, Lincoln Financial Grp, Hartford, CT 06103 USA. EM Elizabeth.Doering@lfg.com; tsm@usna.edu; bshader@uwyo.edu FU Naval Academy Research Council FX Partially supported by the Naval Academy Research Council. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LINEAR ALGEBRA SOC PI PENSACOLA PA C/O JAMES WEAVER DEPT MATH & STATISTICS, UNIV WEST FLORIDA, 11000 UNIV PARKWAY, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA 32514-5751 USA SN 1081-3810 J9 ELECTRON J LINEAR AL JI Electron. J. Linear Algebra PD APR PY 2011 VL 22 BP 363 EP 377 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 745GX UT WOS:000289155000001 ER PT J AU Talaat, M Afifi, S Dueger, E El-Ashry, N Marfin, A Kandeel, A Mohareb, E El-Sayed, N AF Talaat, Maha Afifi, Salma Dueger, Erica El-Ashry, Nagwa Marfin, Anthony Kandeel, Amr Mohareb, Emad El-Sayed, Nasr TI Effects of Hand Hygiene Campaigns on Incidence of Laboratory-confirmed Influenza and Absenteeism in Schoolchildren, Cairo, Egypt SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITY; DIARRHEA; PROGRAM; SCHOOLS AB To evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive hand hygiene campaign on reducing absenteeism caused by influenza-like illness (ILI), diarrhea, conjunctivitis, and laboratory-confirmed influenza, we conducted a randomized control trial in 60 elementary schools in Cairo, Egypt. Children in the intervention schools were required to wash hands twice each day, and health messages were provided through entertainment activities. Data were collected on student absenteeism and reasons for illness. School nurses collected nasal swabs from students with ILI, which were tested by using a qualitative diagnostic test for influenza A and B. Compared with results for the control group, in the intervention group, overall absences caused by ILI, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, and laboratory-confirmed influenza were reduced by 40%, 30%, 67%, and 50%, respectively (p < 0.0001 for each illness). An intensive hand hygiene campaign was effective in reducing absenteeism caused by these illnesses. C1 [Talaat, Maha; Afifi, Salma; Dueger, Erica; Marfin, Anthony; Mohareb, Emad] US Naval Med Res Unit 3 NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Dueger, Erica; Marfin, Anthony] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [El-Ashry, Nagwa; Kandeel, Amr; El-Sayed, Nasr] Minist Hlth Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. RP Talaat, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, Fpo, AE 09835 USA. EM maha.talaat.ctr.eg@med.navy.mil FU Centers of Diseases Prevention and Control [6000.000.000.E0016] FX This work was supported by the Centers of Diseases Prevention and Control, Work Unit no. 6000.000.000.E0016. The study protocol was approved by the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Institutional Review Board (Protocol #NAMRU3. NAMRU3.2007-0007), and work was conducted in compliance with all Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.3201/eid1704.101353 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 742WF UT WOS:000288975300007 PM 21470450 ER PT J AU Hahn, BP Long, JW Mansour, AN Pettigrew, KA Osofsky, MS Rolison, DR AF Hahn, Benjamin P. Long, Jeffrey W. Mansour, Azzam N. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Osofsky, Michael S. Rolison, Debra R. TI Electrochemical Li-ion storage in defect spinel iron oxides: the critical role of cation vacancies SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM INSERTION; HEMATITE TRANSFORMATION; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; PHASE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; GAMMA-FE2O3; BATTERIES; PARTICLES AB Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the preferred power source for consumer electronic devices, but the cost and toxicity of many cathode materials limit their scale-up. Worldwide research efforts are addressing this concern by transitioning from conventional Co- and Ni-based intercalation hosts towards Fe-and Mn-based alternatives. The unfavorable energetics of the Fe2+/3+ redox couple and limited Li-insertion capacities render the use of iron oxides impractical. We address this limitation with the defect spinel ferrite gamma-Fe2O3 as a model structure for Li-ion insertion by replacing a fraction of the Fe3+ sites with highly oxidized Mo6+ to generate cation vacancies that shift the onset of Li-ion insertion to more positive potentials as well as increase capacity. In the present study, native and Mo-substituted iron oxides are synthesized via base-catalyzed precipitation in aqueous media, yielding nanocrystalline spinel materials that also exhibit short-range disorder characteristic of a proton-stabilized structure. The Mo-substituted ferrite reported herein is estimated to have similar to 3x as many cation vacancies as gamma-Fe2O3 with a corresponding increase in the Li-ion capacity to >100 mA h g(-1) between 4.1 and 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+. This dual enhancement in capacity and insertion potential will enable these and related defect spinel ferrites to be explored as positive electrode materials for lithium batteries, while retaining the cost advantages of a material whose metal composition is still predominately iron based. C1 [Hahn, Benjamin P.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Pettigrew, Katherine A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Osofsky, Michael S.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hahn, BP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Naval Research; Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Dr James Zaykoski (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD) for running the PXRD measurements. We especially acknowledge Prof. Stephanie Brock (Wayne State University) for useful discussions. B. P. H. is an NRL-National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate (2009-2011). A.N.M. acknowledges support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601152N. Funding for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1495 EP 1502 DI 10.1039/c0ee00819b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743EV UT WOS:000289001400048 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Levush, B Begum, R Legarra, JR AF Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Levush, Baruch Begum, Rasheda Legarra, James R. TI Large-Signal Multifrequency Simulation of Coupled-Cavity TWTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Coupled cavity (CC); intermodulation; multifrequency; simulation; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES; CHRISTINE; KLYSTRONS; CIRCUIT; DEVICES; CODE AB We describe a steady-state large-signal model of coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes in which the input and output signals are periodic functions of time that may be represented by Fourier series of finite length. The model includes both linear and nonlinear effects including circuit dispersion, reflections, intermodulation, and harmonic generation. The model uses a lumped element representation of the circuit and a 1-D disk model of the beam. Several favorable comparisons of model predictions with experimental measurements, including gain versus frequency and power transfer characteristics, are illustrated. The inclusion of nonlinear effects in this multifrequency model enables predictions of intermodulation products, as functions of the input power. An example of the computation of C3IM is illustrated. C1 [Chernin, David; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Begum, Rasheda; Legarra, James R.] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1229 EP 1240 DI 10.1109/TED.2011.2106504 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 738XP UT WOS:000288676200043 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Antolini, E Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Palma, F Donato, D Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Escande, L Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Finke, J Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lee, SH Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nishino, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Schinzel, FK Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Sokolovsky, KV Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Berdyugin, A Boettcher, M Carraminana, A Carrasco, L de la Fuente, E Diltz, C Hovatta, T Kadenius, V Kovalev, YY Lahteenmaki, A Lindfors, E Marscher, AP Nilsson, K Pereira, D Reinthal, R Roustazadeh, P Savolainen, T Sillanpaa, A Takalo, LO Tornikoski, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Antolini, E. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Donato, D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Escande, L. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nishino, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Schinzel, F. K. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Sokolovsky, K. V. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Berdyugin, A. Boettcher, M. Carraminana, A. Carrasco, L. de la Fuente, E. Diltz, C. Hovatta, T. Kadenius, V. Kovalev, Y. Y. Lahteenmaki, A. Lindfors, E. Marscher, A. P. Nilsson, K. Pereira, D. Reinthal, R. Roustazadeh, P. Savolainen, T. Sillanpaa, A. Takalo, L. O. Tornikoski, M. TI THE FIRST FERMI MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN ON BL LACERTAE: CHARACTERIZING THE LOW-ACTIVITY STATE OF THE EPONYMOUS BLAZAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual (BL Lacertae); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RAY LIGHT CURVES; GAMMA-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; GALACTIC NUCLEI; WEBT CAMPAIGNS; 1997 OUTBURST; OCTOBER 2007; EGRET DATA AB We report on observations of BL Lacertae during the first 18 months of Fermi LAT science operations and present results from a 48 day multifrequency coordinated campaign from 2008 August 19 to 2008 October 7. The radio to gamma-ray behavior of BL Lac is unveiled during a low-activity state thanks to the coordinated observations of radio-band (Metsahovi and VLBA), near-IR/optical (Tuorla, Steward, OAGH, and MDM), and X-ray (RXTE and Swift) observatories. No variability was resolved in gamma rays during the campaign, and the brightness level was 15 times lower than the level of the 1997 EGRET outburst. Moderate and uncorrelated variability has been detected in UV and X-rays. The X-ray spectrum is found to be concave, indicating the transition region between the low- and high-energy components of the spectral energy distribution (SED). VLBA observation detected a synchrotron spectrum self-absorption turnover in the innermost part of the radio jet appearing to be elongated and inhomogeneous, and constrained the average magnetic field there to be less than 3 G. Over the following months, BL Lac appeared variable in gamma rays, showing flares (in 2009 April and 2010 January). There is no evidence for the correlation of gamma rays with the optical flux monitored from the ground in 18 months. The SED may be described by a single-zone or a two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, but a hybrid SSC plus external radiation Compton model seems to be preferred based on the observed variability and the fact that it provides a fit closest to equipartition. C1 [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Finke, J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. 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[Donato, D.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Escande, L.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Nishino, S.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-30128 Toulouse 4, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dermer, C. D.; Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schinzel, F. K.; Sokolovsky, K. V.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Savolainen, T.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Sokolovsky, K. V.; Kovalev, Y. Y.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Berdyugin, A.; Kadenius, V.; Lindfors, E.; Reinthal, R.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Boettcher, M.; Diltz, C.; Roustazadeh, P.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Carraminana, A.; Carrasco, L.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72840, Mexico. [de la Fuente, E.] Univ Guadalajara, CUCEI, Inst Astron & Meteorol, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, Mexico. [Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nilsson, K.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. RP Ciprini, S (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. EM elisa.antolini@tiscali.it; stefano.ciprini@pg.infn.it; davide.donato-1@nasa.gov; ksokolov@mpifr.de; gino.tosti@pg.infn.it RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Sokolovsky, Kirill/D-2246-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Savolainen, Tuomas/0000-0001-6214-1085; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Sokolovsky, Kirill/0000-0001-5991-6863; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135 FU ASI-INAF [I/047/8/0]; Associated Universities, Inc.; Academy of Finland [212656, 210338]; NASA [NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G] FX S.C. acknowledges funding by ASI-INAF grant No. I/047/8/0 related to Fermi on-orbit activities.; This work includes observations obtained with the NASA Swift gamma-ray burst Explorer. Swift is a MIDEX Gamma Ray Burst mission led by NASA with participation of Italy and the UK. This work includes observations obtained with NASA Rossi XTE satellite. The ASM/RXTE teams at MIT and at the RXTE Science Operation Facility and Guest Observer Facility at NASA's GSFC are gratefully thanked. This work includes observations obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array, USA (project code BK150). The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO VLBA) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work includes observations obtained with the 14 m Metsahovi Radio Observatory, a separate research institute of the Helsinki University of Technology. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, and others). This work includes observations obtained through the Tuorla Blazar Monitoring Program, carried out with the KVA telescope on La Palma, Canary Islands, and the 1 m telescope at Tuorla. Tuorla Observatory is a division of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Turku, Finland. This work includes observations obtained through the optical monitoring of BL Lac and other blazars using the 2.3 m Bok and 1.54 m Kuiper telescopes of Steward Observatory that is supported by NASA/Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G and NNX09AU10G. This work includes observations obtained with the 2.1 m telescope of the OAGH (Observatorio Astrofisico Guillermo Haro), in the state of Sonora, Mexico, operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Mexico. This work includes observations obtained with the 1.3 m McGraw-Hill Telescope of the Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT (MDM) observatory, operated by University of Michigan, Dartmouth College, Ohio State University, Ohio University, Columbia University, in Arizona, USA. NR 70 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/101 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735TR UT WOS:000288441900041 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Warren, HP Young, PR AF Brooks, David H. Warren, Harry P. Young, Peter R. TI EUV SPECTRAL LINE FORMATION AND THE TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE REGION FAN LOOPS: OBSERVATIONS WITH HINODE/EIS AND SDO/AIA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation; techniques: spectroscopic ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EMISSION MEASURE STRUCTURE; INNER SOLAR CORONA; AN ATOMIC DATABASE; TRANSITION-REGION; QUIET-SUN; RAY TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES AB With the aim of studying active region fan loops using observations from the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), we investigate a number of inconsistencies in modeling the absolute intensities of Fe VIII and Si VII lines, and address why spectroheliograms formed from these lines look very similar despite the fact that ionization equilibrium calculations suggest that they have significantly different formation temperatures: log(T-e/K) = 5.6 and 5.8, respectively. It is important to resolve these issues because confidence has been undermined in their use for differential emission measure (DEM) analysis, and Fe VIII is the main contributor to the AIA 131 angstrom channel at low temperatures. Furthermore, the strong Fe VIII 185.213 angstrom and Si VII 275.368 angstrom lines are the best EIS lines to use for velocity studies in the transition region, and for assigning the correct temperature to velocity measurements in the fans. We find that the Fe VIII 185.213 angstrom line is particularly sensitive to the slope of the DEM, leading to disproportionate changes in its effective formation temperature. If the DEM has a steep gradient in the log(T-e/K) = 5.6-5.8 temperature range, or is strongly peaked, Fe VIII 185.213 angstrom and Si VII 275.368 angstrom will be formed at the same temperature. We show that this effect explains the similarity of these images in the fans. Furthermore, we show that the most recent ionization balance compilations resolve the discrepancies in absolute intensities. With these difficulties overcome, we combine EIS and AIA data to determine the temperature structure of a number of fan loops and find that they have peak temperatures of 0.8-1.2MK. The EIS data indicate that the temperature distribution has a finite (but narrow) width < log(sigma(Te)/K) = 5.5 which, in one detailed case, is found to broaden substantially toward the loop base. AIA and EIS yield similar results on the temperature, emission measure magnitude, and thermal distribution in the fans, though sometimes the AIA data suggest a relatively larger thermal width. The result is that both the Fe VIII 185.213 angstrom and Si VII 275.368 angstrom lines are formed at log(T-e/K) similar to 5.9 in the fans, and the AIA 131 angstrom response also shifts to this temperature. C1 [Brooks, David H.; Young, Peter R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brooks, DH (reprint author), ISAS JAXA, Hinode Team, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; NASA FX We thank the anonymous referee for helping us to focus and clarify the paper. We also thank Viggo Hansteen and John Mariska for helpful comments, and Paul Boerner and Mark Weber for providing the AIA effective areas. This work was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the NASA Hinode program. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the NRL (USA), RAL (UK), and the following Universities: College London (UK), Cambridge (UK), George Mason (USA), and Florence (Italy). The AIA data are courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 2 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/85 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735TR UT WOS:000288441900025 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Barstow, MA Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Fritz, GG Lapington, JS Barbee, TW Berendse, FB Cruddace, RG AF Kowalski, M. P. Barstow, M. A. Wood, K. S. Yentis, D. J. Fritz, G. G. Lapington, J. S. Barbee, T. W., Jr. Berendse, F. B. Cruddace, R. G. TI HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF FEIGE 24 IN THE EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE local interstellar matter; stars: abundances; stars: evolution; techniques: spectroscopic; ultraviolet: stars; white dwarfs ID DA WHITE-DWARFS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; BINARY FEIGE-24; G191-B2B; SPECTROGRAPH; PHOTOSPHERE; FEATURES; STARS AB We report the first high-resolution (R = 4000) spectroscopic observation of the binary DA white dwarf Feige 24 in the extreme-ultraviolet band 220-250 angstrom. A stellar atmosphere model assuming a homogeneous element distribution yields a best fit to the data that excludes a significant abundance of photospheric helium. The upper limit on the photospheric helium abundance is 2.5 x 10(-6) (90% confidence), equivalent to a lower limit of 1.2 x 10(-13) M-circle dot on the overlying layer of hydrogen. An ionized interstellar He component (3.9 x 10(17) cm(-2)) is clearly present along the line of sight, which implies an He ionization fraction of 0.72, considerably higher than is typical of the local interstellar medium. However, some of this material may be associated with circumstellar gas, which has been detected by analysis of the CIV absorption line doublet in a Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectrum. C1 [Kowalski, M. P.; Wood, K. S.; Yentis, D. J.; Berendse, F. B.; Cruddace, R. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barstow, M. A.; Lapington, J. S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Fritz, G. G.] PRAXIS Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Barbee, T. W., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil; mab@star.le.ac.uk; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil; gil.fritz@nrl.navy.mil; jsl12@star.le.ac.uk; barbee2@llnl.gov; fbb0710@gmail.com; raymond.cruddace@nrl.navy.mil RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 FU NASA [NDPR S-47440F, NNG08WFF08I, NNG10WQ54I]; Office of Naval Research; Science and Technology Facilities Research Council, UK FX The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was supported in this work by NASA under the grants NDPR S-47440F, NNG08WFF08I, and NNG10WQ54I, and by the Office of Naval Research under NRL work unite 3641 (Application of Multilayer Coated Optics to Remote Sensing). The University of Leicester acknowledges the support they received for this project from the Science and Technology Facilities Research Council, UK. The authors collectively thank the support teams at the Wallops Flight Facility and the White Sands Missile Range: Lupe Archuleta, Chico Ayers, Bea Barron, John Brinton, Jeff Cain, Chris Christeson, Walt Costello, Rick Evavold, Ted Gacek, Becky Grzelachowski, Valeria Gsell, Jose Guerrero, Paul Harmon, Chris Hoxworth, Dave Kilconyne, Dave Krause, Charlie Kupelian, LarryMannel, Glenn Maxfield, Jarret Morton, Rick Nelson, Jeff Percival, Giovanni Rosanova, Neil Shoemaker, Adam Sturis, Matt Vaughn, Ed White, Tom Widmyer, BobWoods, and John Young. We reserve our highest thanks to Mission Manager Ted Gass, who guided this mission to a comprehensive success. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 2 AR 115 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/115 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735TR UT WOS:000288441900055 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Alexander, CM Nittler, LR Stroud, RM AF Zega, Thomas J. Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Nittler, Larry R. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI A TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDY OF PRESOLAR HIBONITE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: evolution; stars: formation; stars: fundamental parameters; supernovae: general ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; CIRCUMSTELLAR SILICON-CARBIDE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; POLYTYPE DISTRIBUTION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MURCHISON METEORITE; IRRADIATION DAMAGE; DEEP CIRCULATION; RICH INCLUSIONS; GRAIN FORMATION AB We report isotopic and microstructural data on five presolar hibonite grains (KH1, KH2, KH6, KH15, and KH21) identified in an acid residue of the Krymka LL3.1 ordinary chondrite. Isotopic measurements by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) verified a presolar circumstellar origin for the grains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of the crystal structure and chemistry of the grains was enabled by in situ sectioning and lift-out with a focused-ion-beam scanning-electron microscope (FIB-SEM). Comparisons of isotopic compositions with models indicate that four of the five grains formed in low-mass stars that evolved through the red giant/asymptotic giant branches (RGBs/AGBs), whereas one grain formed in the ejecta of a Type II supernova. Selected-area electron-diffraction patterns show that all grains are single crystals of hibonite. Some grains contain minor structural perturbations (stacking faults) and small spreads in orientation that can be attributed to a combination of growth defects and mechanical processing by grain-grain collisions. The similar structure of the supernova grain to those from RGB/AGB stars indicates a similarity in the formation conditions. Radiation damage (e.g., point defects), if present, occurs below our detection limit. Of the five grains we studied, only one has the pure hibonite composition of CaAl12O19. All others contain minor amounts of Mg, Si, Ti, and Fe. The microstructural data are generally consistent with theoretical predictions, which constrain the circumstellar condensation temperature to a range of 1480-1743 K, assuming a corresponding total gas pressure between 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-3) atm. The TEM data were also used to develop a calibration for SIMS determination of Ti contents in oxide grains. Grains with extreme O-18 depletions, indicating deep mixing has occurred in their parent AGB stars, are slightly Ti enriched compared with grains from stars without deep mixing, most likely reflecting differences in grain condensation conditions. C1 [Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alexander, Conel M. O'D.; Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Zega, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNH09AL20I, NNX07AJ71G] FX We thank Dr. Tim McCoy (Smithsonian Institution) for the sample of Tanzania hibonite and Drs. Nabil Bassim, Ken Grabowski, and Graham Hubler (Naval Research Laboratory) for interesting discussions. We also thank Dr. Christine Floss for a constructive review. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the NASA Cosmochemistry program (NNH09AL20I and NNX07AJ71G). NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 2 AR 83 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/83 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735TR UT WOS:000288441900023 ER PT J AU Iverson, SA Gavrilov, A Katzner, TE Takekawa, JY Miller, TA Hagemeijer, W Mundkur, T Sivananinthaperumal, B DeMattos, CC Ahmed, LS Newman, SH AF Iverson, Samuel A. Gavrilov, Andrei Katzner, Todd E. Takekawa, John Y. Miller, Tricia A. Hagemeijer, Ward Mundkur, Taej Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran DeMattos, Carlos C. Ahmed, Lu'ay S. Newman, Scott H. TI Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Anas; bird migration; highly pathogenic avian influenza; Kazakhstan; ring recovery; risk mapping; satellite telemetry; Tadorna ID A VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; OUTBREAK; SPREAD; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; FLYWAY; DUCKS; CHINA AB Waterfowl in the genera Anas and Tadorna are suspected as vectors in the long-distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. The former Soviet Republics of Central Asia are situated at an important migratory crossroads for these and other species of birds that bridges regions where the disease is prevalent. However, waterfowl movements through Central Asia are poorly quantified. In this study, historical data derived from over 80 years of bird ringing are combined with recent satellite tracking data to delineate migration routes, movement chronology and habitat use patterns of waterfowl in relation to H5N1 outbreak locations. Results confirm migratory linkage between breeding and moulting areas in northern Kazakhstan and southern Siberia, with non-breeding areas in the Caspian, Black and eastern Mediterranean Sea basins, as well as with South Asia. However, unlike the situation in neighbouring regions, most notably western China, H5N1 outbreaks have not been recurrent in Central Asia after they were first reported during summer 2005 and spring 2006. These findings have implications in relation to potential sampling biases, species-specific variation in migratory behaviour and continuing regional H5N1 transmission risks. C1 [Iverson, Samuel A.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Gavrilov, Andrei] Inst Zool, Akademgorodok 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan. [Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.] Powdermill Nat Reserve, Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA. [Hagemeijer, Ward; Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400001, Maharashtra, India. [DeMattos, Carlos C.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahmed, Lu'ay S.] Egyptian Environm Affairs Agcy, Cairo, Egypt. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Anim Hlth Serv, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP Iverson, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM Samuel.Iverson@ec.gc.ca RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Global Avian Influenza Network and Surveillance (GAINS); US National Science Foundation (NSF); FAO; USGS; Wetlands International; National Aviary [NSF INT-0301095]; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS); US Department of Defence FX This research was the result of a multi-agency collaboration co-ordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline (USGS) and the National Aviary. In Kazakhstan, Nickolai Petkov (Wetlands International), Alexander Yurlov (Russian Academy of Sciences), Boris Annenkov, Vladamir Kolbintsev, Ramazan Kudabaev, Syrymgul Zaripova and Almat Abayev provided field assistance. Sergei Sklyarenko (Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan), Kainar Zhumatov and Aidyn Kydyrmanov (Institute of Microbiology and Virusology, Almaty) and Nastya Tkcheva provided logistical support. Our research in Kazakhstan was funded by the Global Avian Influenza Network and Surveillance (GAINS) programme, the US National Science Foundation (NSF), FAO, USGS, Wetlands International and the National Aviary (Grant NSF INT-0301095).; In Egypt, field research and logistical support was provided by Moustafa Fouda (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency). Assistance was also provided by Mohammed Elwehdi, Mossad Sultan, Mostafa Hassan and Shaimaa Taha (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency); Yilma Jobre (FAO); Cecilia DeMattos and Jeffery A. Tjaden (US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo); Sabir Bin Muzaffar and Sophia Shaikh (United Arab Emirates University); and Eric Palm and Nichola J. Hill (USGS). Funding was provided by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), the US Department of Defence, FAO and USGS. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2011 VL 153 IS 2 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 736PR UT WOS:000288507100005 ER PT J AU Washburn, A Ewing, LTCPL AF Washburn, Alan Ewing, L. T. C. P. Lee TI Allocation of Clearance Assets in IED Warfare SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE optimization; network; game; mine; IED; route Clearance AB This article deals with the optimal allocation of mine clearance resources to a network of roads that is continually being mined by an opponent. The motivating application is IED warfare as practiced in Iraq and Afghanistan. The situation differs from most mine warfare analyses in being protracted indefinitely in time, with the processes of mine placement by Red and mine clearance by Blue being intermixed. Each incident involving a Blue convoy and a Red mine removes the mine and possibly causes some damage to the convoy. Blue's object is to minimize the total damage rate by optimally deploying mine clearance forces to road segments. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 180-187, 2011 C1 [Washburn, Alan; Ewing, L. T. C. P. Lee] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM awashburn@nps.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1002/nav.20374 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 740KU UT WOS:000288793600002 ER PT J AU Brown, G Carlyle, M Abdul-Ghaffar, A Kline, J AF Brown, Gerald Carlyle, Matthew Abdul-Ghaffar, Ahmad Kline, Jeffrey TI A Defender-Attacker Optimization of Port Radar Surveillance SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE Port security; optimization; attacker-defender AB The U. S. Coast Guard, Customs and Border Patrol, Marine Corps, and Navy have deployed several hundred port patrol vessels to protect waterways, U. S. Navy ships and other high-value assets in ports world-wide. Each vessel has an armed crew of four, is relatively fast, and features a surface search radar, radios, and a machine gun. These vessels coordinate surveillance patrols in groups of two or four. We developed a mathematical model for advantageously positioning these vessels, and possibly shore-based radar too, to minimize the probability that an intelligent adversary in one or more speedboats will evade detection while mounting an attack. Attackers can use elevated obstructions to evade radar detection in their attack paths, and ports feature many such restrictions to navigation and observation. A key, but realistic assumption complicates planning: the attackers will be aware of defensive positions and capabilities in advance of mounting their attack. The defender-attacker optimization suggests plans here for a fictitious port, the port of Hong Kong, and the U. S. Navy Fifth Fleet Headquarters in Bahrain. In these cases, the defender can almost certainly detect any attack, even though the attacker, observing defender prepositioning, plans clever, and evasive attack tracks. Published 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger)Naval Research Logistics 58: 223-235, 2011 C1 [Brown, Gerald; Carlyle, Matthew; Abdul-Ghaffar, Ahmad; Kline, Jeffrey] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Carlyle, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mcarlyle@nps.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1002/nav.20423 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 740KU UT WOS:000288793600005 ER PT J AU Newman, AM Rosenthal, RE Salmeron, J Brown, GG Price, W Rowe, A Fennemore, CF Taft, RL AF Newman, Alexandra M. Rosenthal, Richard E. Salmeron, Javier Brown, Gerald G. Price, Wilson Rowe, Anton Fennemore, Charles F. Taft, Robert L. TI Optimizing Assignment of Tomahawk Cruise Missile Missions to Firing Units SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE weapon-target assignment; Tomahawk; multi-objective optimization; integer programming; operations research; military operations research ID ALLOCATION AB The Tomahawk land-attack cruise missile can be launched from a ship or submarine, and can deliver its warhead precisely to a target at long range. There are several variants of the Tomahawk missile, each with specialized capabilities. For each Tomahawk Missile Sequence Number (MSN) task (i.e., mission), the Tomahawk missile variants can be ranked with respect to their ability and cost effectiveness to perform that task. A given land attack strike order may involve a large number of Tomahawk missiles and numerous Tomahawk launch platforms. Operational planners select, in real time, feasible launch platforms to execute Tomahawk taskings. The Tomahawk tasking in a strike order includes not only primary assignments but also backup assignments. On board each launch platform, the precise allocation of specific Tomahawk missiles to the Tomahawk MSN task assigned is optimized with a model described here. We help naval operational planners select, in real time, appropriate feasible launch platforms to fulfill the Tomahawk tasking in a strike order. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 281-295, 2011 C1 [Rosenthal, Richard E.; Salmeron, Javier; Brown, Gerald G.; Price, Wilson; Rowe, Anton] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Newman, Alexandra M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fennemore, Charles F.; Taft, Robert L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Our research and development of decision support prototypes for the fleet required close cooperation between the Naval Postgraduate School and the NSWCDD. The NSWCDD is the agency responsible for research, development, and test of multiple integrated warfare systems within the navy. We are also grateful for sustaining research support from our Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 281 EP 295 DI 10.1002/nav.20377 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 740KU UT WOS:000288793600008 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, J Speakman, J Kapfer, SA Holston, AM AF Fitzpatrick, Joseph Speakman, Julie Kapfer, Stephanie A. Holston, Alexander M. TI Transplacental passage of the non-ionic contrast agent iopamidol in twins SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iopamidol; Non-ionic contrast agent; Transplacental passage; Necrotizing enterocolitis ID THYROID-FUNCTION AB Premature dizygotic twins, exposed in utero to iopamidol (Isovue-370A (R)) 4 days prior to delivery, were born with abdominal radiopaque densities that made exclusion of necrotizing enterocolitis difficult when they developed abdominal distention and feeding intolerance. This is a unique case report of transplacental passage of iopamidol. C1 [Speakman, Julie; Holston, Alexander M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Joseph; Kapfer, Stephanie A.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Pediat Surg, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Holston, AM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neonatol, Dept Pediat, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Alexander.Holston@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 534 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s00247-010-1888-z PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 739YO UT WOS:000288758300017 PM 21072507 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Karaiskaj, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Karaiskaj, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Spectral broadening and population relaxation in a GaAs interfacial quantum dot ensemble and quantum well nanostructure SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE excitons; four-wave mixing; Fourier transform spectroscopy; quantum dots ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy (2DFTS) is used to measure thermal broadening of the ground state exciton homogeneous linewidth and energy relaxation in a single layer of interfacial GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We observe a nonlinear increase in the homogeneous linewidth with temperature from 6 to 50K and find that a phonon activation term + offset fit the data well. The absence of an activation peak in the 2D spectra indicates that elastic exciton-phonon scattering via virtual transitions between the ground and excited states significantly contributes to the thermal broadening. Measurements of the linewidth across the inhomogeneous distribution show that excitons localized in smaller QDs experience stronger thermal broadening. We record 2D spectra for a population time up to 500 ps and temperature up to 50K to reveal excitonic relaxation from quantum well to QD states. As the temperature increases from 6 to 50 K, the relaxation time decreases from 180 to 30 ps, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a phonon-mediated scattering process. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM moodyg@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; (US) Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the (US) Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 248 IS 4 BP 829 EP 832 DI 10.1002/pssb.201000816 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 741IB UT WOS:000288856300007 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Fahed, C Kim, H Pique, A Mahadik, NA Rao, MV AF Qadri, S. B. Fahed, C. Kim, H. Pique, A. Mahadik, N. A. Rao, M. V. TI Thermal expansion studies of indium-iron oxide SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE In2O3; indium-iron oxide; thermal expansion; X-ray diffraction; structure ID FILMS; IN2O3-SC2O3 AB Linear thermal expansion coefficients for the cubic bixbyite phase of bulk In2-xFexO3 have been determined using high resolution X-ray diffraction. The addition of Fe2O3 to In2O3 results in the formation of solid solutions in the body centered cubic phase with a decreasing lattice parameters as a function of increasing Fe content. The thermal expansion coefficients for solid solutions showed increased values in comparison to the values for pure In2O3 phase. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Qadri, S. B.; Kim, H.; Pique, A.; Mahadik, N. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fahed, C.; Rao, M. V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 248 IS 4 BP 928 EP 930 DI 10.1002/pssb.201046485 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 741IB UT WOS:000288856300025 ER PT J AU Alpuche, G Sandman, B Sweet, CR AF Alpuche, Giancarlo Sandman, Benjamin Sweet, Charles R. TI The structure and adaptations of endotoxin in psychrophiles SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Alpuche, Giancarlo; Sandman, Benjamin; Sweet, Charles R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sandman, Benjamin] Naval Nucl Power Training Command, Goose Creek, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708404703 ER PT J AU Balakathiresan, NS Bhomia, M Chavko, M McCarron, RM Maheshwari, R Maheshwari, R AF Balakathiresan, Nagaraja Sethuraman Bhomia, Manish Chavko, Mikulas McCarron, Richard M. Maheshwari, Radha Maheshwari, Radha TI Serum miRNAs as Biomarkers of Blast-induced Neurotrauma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Balakathiresan, Nagaraja Sethuraman; Bhomia, Manish; Maheshwari, Radha; Maheshwari, Radha] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bhomia, Manish] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Biol Sci Grp, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. [Chavko, Mikulas; McCarron, Richard M.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Bhomia, Manish/C-7683-2015 OI Bhomia, Manish/0000-0003-2808-9927 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708402412 ER PT J AU Isaac, D Lander, B Checchi, K Domanski, T Lin, S AF Isaac, Daniel Lander, Blaine Checchi, Kyle Domanski, Tammy Lin, Shirley TI Extracytoplasmic cellular stress responses induced by cationic polyethylenimines and known pore-forming compounds SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Isaac, Daniel; Lander, Blaine; Checchi, Kyle; Lin, Shirley] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Domanski, Tammy] Anne Arundel Community Coll, Arnold, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708406753 ER PT J AU Muhie, S Hammamieh, R Miller, SA Meyerhoff, J Carroll, E Jett, M AF Muhie, Seid Hammamieh, Rasha Miller, Stacy-ann Meyerhoff, James Carroll, Erica Jett, Marti TI Transcriptomic and Histopathologic Characterization of Mouse Model(s) Simulating Features of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Muhie, Seid; Hammamieh, Rasha; Miller, Stacy-ann; Meyerhoff, James; Jett, Marti] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Carroll, Erica] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708402757 ER PT J AU Song, BK Nugent, WH Golub, AS Moon-Massat, PF Pittman, RN AF Song, Bjorn Kyungsuck Nugent, William H. Golub, Aleksander S. Moon-Massat, Paula F. Pittman, Roland N. TI SYSTEMIC AND MICROCIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF TOP-LOADING A HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIER (HBOC) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting 2011 CY APR 09-13, 2011 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists (AAA), Amer Physiolog Soc (APS), Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol (ASBMB), Amer Soc Investigat Pathol (ASIP), Amer Soc Nutrit (ASN), Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut (ASPET) C1 [Song, Bjorn Kyungsuck; Nugent, William H.; Golub, Aleksander S.; Pittman, Roland N.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula F.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IE UT WOS:000310708405497 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Dropkin, A AF Huyer, Stephen A. Dropkin, Amanda TI Integrated Motor/Propulsor Duct Optimization for Increased Vehicle and Propulsor Performance SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PUMP AB This paper presents a computational study to better understand the underlying fluid dynamics associated with various duct shapes and the resultant impact on both total vehicle drag and propulsor efficiency. A post-swirl propulsor configuration (downstream stator blade row) was selected with rotor and stator blade number kept constant. A generic undersea vehicle hull shape was chosen and the maximum shroud radius was required to lie within this body radius. A cylindrical rim-driven electric motor capable of generating a specific horsepower to achieve the design operational velocity required a set volume that established a design constraint limiting the shape of the duct. Individual duct shapes were designed to produce constant flow acceleration from upstream of the rotor blade row to downstream of the stator blade row. Ducts producing accelerating and decelerating flow were systematically examined. The axisymmetric Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) version of FLUENT (R) was used to study the fluid dynamics associated with a range of accelerated and decelerated duct flow cases as well as provide the base total vehicle drag. For each given duct shape, the propeller blade design code, PBD 14.3, was used to generate an optimized rotor and stator. To provide fair comparisons, the maximum rotor radius was held constant with similar circulation distributions intended to generate equivalent amounts of thrust. Computations predicted that minimum vehicle drag was produced with a duct that produced zero mean flow acceleration. Ducted designs generating accelerating or decelerating flow increased drag. However, propulsive efficiency based exclusively on blade thrust and torque was significantly increased for accelerating flow through the duct and reduced for decelerating flow cases. Full 3D RANS flow simulations were then conducted for select test cases to quantify the specific blade, hull, and shroud forces and highlight the increased component drag produced by an operational propulsor, which reduced overall propulsive efficiency. From these results, a final optimized design was proposed. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004006] C1 [Huyer, Stephen A.; Dropkin, Amanda] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.huyer@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX20326]; [N0001410WX20738] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N0001410WX20326, Dr. Scott Hassan program manager and under Contract No. N0001410WX20738, Dr. Maria Medeiros program manager. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 4 AR 041102 DI 10.1115/1.4004006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 782HT UT WOS:000291999800002 ER PT J AU Faulkner, SD Kwon, YW AF Faulkner, S. D. Kwon, Y. W. TI Fracture Toughness of Composite Joints With Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Fracture toughness tests were conducted for carbon composite scarf joints with and without carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement in order to study the effect of CNT on enhancing the fracture toughness of the scarf joint interface. Both mode I (i.e., opening mode) and mode II (i.e., shear mode) fracture tests were undertaken with and without CNT applied locally at the joint interface. During the study, the image correlation technique was used to examine the fracture mechanisms altered by the introduction of CNT. The experimental study showed that CNT increased the fracture toughness of the composite interface significantly, especially for the mode II fracture, with altering the fracture mechanism. On the other hand, there was no significant change on mode I fracture caused by CNT reinforcement. The enhancement of mode II fracture toughness was considered to result from the mechanical interlocking between polymers and CNT at the scarf joint interface. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002676] C1 [Faulkner, S. D.; Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division, especially by Erik A. Rasmussen, Douglas C. Loup, and Scott W. Bartlett for their support and technical guidance of the project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021002 DI 10.1115/1.4002676 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 735BQ UT WOS:000288388800003 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Schultz, WA Loup, DC Rasmussen, EA AF Kwon, Y. W. Schultz, W. A. Loup, D. C. Rasmussen, E. A. TI Experimental Study of Mode II Fracture of Hybrid Composite and Metal-Wire Joints SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE hybrid joint; composite and metal-wire interface; fracture toughness; sliding mode (Mode II) AB In order to join a composite structure to a metallic structure, metal-wire mats were co-cured with composite laminas using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technique. Then, interface fracture toughness was measured for Mode II fracture for various lay-up and interface conditions. The study included interfaces of metal-wire to composite, composite to composite, and metal-wire to metal-wire. In addition, the lay-up orientations of metal-wire mats were varied between 0 deg and 90 deg. This study also examined the crack propagation from a composite to a metal/composite interface. During the test, the digital image correlation technique was applied to capture the strain field around the crack tip. The results suggested that a hybrid metal-wire/composite laminate would be effective to connect a composite structure to a metallic structure as long as some critical interface conditions were avoided. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002677] C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Schultz, W. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Loup, D. C.; Rasmussen, E. A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Struct & Composite Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021003 DI 10.1115/1.4002677 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 735BQ UT WOS:000288388800004 ER PT J AU Carney, JR Lightstone, JM Piecuch, S Koch, JD AF Carney, J. R. Lightstone, J. M. Piecuch, S. Koch, J. D. TI Water temperature and concentration measurements within the expanding blast wave of a high explosive SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption spectroscopy; water; detonation; combustion ID RESOLVED OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; SENSOR; DETONATION; COMBUSTION; PARAMETERS; ENGINES; VAPOR AB We present an application of absorption spectroscopy to directly measure temperature and concentration histories of water vapor within the expansion of a high explosive detonation. While the approach of absorption spectroscopy is well established, the combination of a fast, near-infrared array, broadband light source, and rigid gauge allow the first application of time-resolved absorption measurements in an explosive environment. The instrument is demonstrated using pentaerythritol tetranitrate with a sampling rate of 20 kHz for 20 ms following detonation. Absorption by water vapor is measured between 1335 and 1380 nm. Water temperatures are determined by fitting experimental transmission spectra to a simulated database. Water mole fractions are deduced following the temperature assignment. The sources of uncertainty and their impact on the results are discussed. These measurements will aid the development of chemical-specific reaction models and the predictive capability in technical fields including combustion and detonation science. C1 [Carney, J. R.; Lightstone, J. M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Piecuch, S.; Koch, J. D.] Marquette Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD USA. EM jon.koch@marquette.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors would like to thank the Defense Threat Reduction Agency for funding this work. They would also like to thank Professor Scott Sanders for thoughtful discussions and insight shared during the experiment design stage. Robert Hay also has their gratitude for assisting with the explosive testing. Lastly, the authors would like to thank Dr Thomas P McGrath II for initial detonation science simulations which have aided in some of the design work and error analysis of this gauge. Future detonation science publications comparing these experimental results to simulations are in preparation. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 AR 045601 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/4/045601 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 735XR UT WOS:000288454500021 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM Mehlhorn, TA AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. Mehlhorn, T. A. TI Generation of laser-driven light ions suitable for fast ignition of fusion targets SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID PROTON-BEAMS; ACCELERATION; GAIN; FUEL; ICF AB The conditions for generating light ions (Li3+, Be4+, C6+ and Al13+) that have suitable energy deposition for the fast ignition of fusion targets via the interaction of an intense ultrashort pulse laser with thin targets (converters) are investigated theoretically. The laser and converter parameters are estimated assuming monoenergetic ions and a one-dimensional parallel plane geometry. Laser energy densities of 3-20 J mu m(-2) focused onto a spot with radius 30-100 mu m are required to attain the necessary kinetic energies of 10-50 MeV/nucleon, depending on the type of ion. Self-consistent two-dimensional relativistic particle-in-cell simulations show that light ions can be accelerated to the required conditions with a conversion efficiency of laser energy into ions of up to 25%. Using the output ion energy distribution function, a one-dimensional energy deposition model calculates the conversion efficiency of ion beam energy into the core of the DT fuel. We conclude that fast ignition driven by all light ions under consideration can potentially be used as an alternative to electrons and protons. C1 [Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.; Mehlhorn, T. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DoE; NNSA; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the DoE, NNSA and the Naval Research Laboratory under the 6.1 program. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2011 VL 53 IS 4 AR 045013 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/53/4/045013 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 737AE UT WOS:000288537300013 ER PT J AU Altner, DS Ergun, O AF Altner, Douglas S. Ergun, Oezlem TI Rapidly computing robust minimum capacity s-t cuts: a case study in solving a sequence of maximum flow problems SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems CY MAY 20-23, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Assoc Constraint Programming, INRIA, Microsoft Res, INRIA Joint Ctr, Natl ICT Australia, ILOG, COSYTEC, Cornell Univ, Intelligent Informat Syst Inst, KLS, OPTIM, Jeppesen Technol Serv DE Maximum flows; Robust minimum cuts; Reoptimization heuristics; Goldberg-Tarjan algorithm; Robust network optimization; Incremental maximum flow algorithms ID NETWORK FLOWS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB The Minimum Capacity s-t Cut Problem (MinCut) is an intensively studied problem in combinatorial optimization. A natural extension is the problem of choosing a minimum capacity s-t cut when arc capacities are unknown but confined to known intervals. This motivates the Robust Minimum Capacity s-t Cut Problem (RobuCut), which has applications such as open-pit mining and project scheduling. In this paper, we show how RobuCut can be reduced to solving a sequence of maximum flow problems and provide an efficient algorithm for rapidly solving this sequence of problems. We demonstrate that our algorithm solves instances of RobuCut in seconds that would require hours if a standard maximum flow solver is iteratively used as a black-box subroutine. C1 [Altner, Douglas S.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ergun, Oezlem] Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Altner, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM altner@usna.edu; oergun@isye.gatech.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 184 IS 1 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10479-010-0730-1 PG 24 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 730FM UT WOS:000288019000002 ER PT J AU Humphreys, RM Beers, TC Cabanela, JE Grammer, S Davidson, K Lee, YS Larsen, JA AF Humphreys, Roberta M. Beers, Timothy C. Cabanela, Juan E. Grammer, Skyler Davidson, Kris Lee, Young Sun Larsen, Jeffrey A. TI MAPPING THE ASYMMETRIC THICK DISK. III. THE KINEMATICS AND INTERACTION WITH THE GALACTIC BAR SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; METAL-POOR STARS; MILKY-WAY; GALAXY; TRENDS; SAMPLE; COUNT; CLOUD; DWARF; FIELD AB In the first two papers of this series, Larsen et al. describe our faint CCD survey in the inner Galaxy and map the overdensity of thick disk stars in Quadrant 1 (Q1) to 5 kpc or more along the line of sight. The regions showing the strongest excess are above the density contours of the bar in the Galactic disk. In this third paper on the asymmetric thick disk, we report on radial velocities and derived metallicity parameters for over 4000 stars in Q1, above and below the plane, and in Quadrant 4 (Q4) above the plane. We confirm the corresponding kinematic asymmetry first reported by Parker et al., extended to greater distances and with more spatial coverage. The thick disk stars in Q1 have a rotational lag of 60-70 km s(-1) relative to circular rotation, and the metal-weak thick disk stars have an even greater lag of 100 km s(-1). Both lag their corresponding populations in Q4 by approximate to 30 km s(-1). Interestingly, the disk stars in Q1 also appear to participate in the rotational lag by about 30 km s(-1). The enhanced rotational lag for the thick disk in Q1 extends to 4 kpc or more from the Sun. At 3-4 kpc, our sight lines extend above the density contours on the near side of the bar, and as our lines of sight pass directly over the bar the rotational lag appears to decrease. This is consistent with a "gravitational wake" induced by the rotating bar in the disk which would trap and pile up stars behind it. We conclude that a dynamical interaction with the stellar bar is the most probable explanation for the observed kinematic and spatial asymmetries. C1 [Humphreys, Roberta M.; Grammer, Skyler; Davidson, Kris] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cabanela, Juan E.] Minnesota State Univ Moorhead, Dept Phys & Astron, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA. [Larsen, Jeffrey A.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Humphreys, RM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM roberta@umn.edu; beers@pa.msu.edu; cabanela@mnstate.edu; grammer@astro.umn.edu; kd@astro.umn.edu; lee@pa.msu.edu; larsen@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST0507170, AST0729989, AST0507309]; US National Science Foundation [PHY 02-16783, PHY 08-22648] FX This work was supported by Collaborative National Science Foundation grants to R. M. Humphreys (AST0507170), J.E. Cabanela (AST0729989), and J.A. Larsen (AST0507309). They thank the MMT Observatory, the support staff for the Hectospec and the telescope operators, and NOAO and the staff at CTIO for excellent observing support. T. C. Beers and Y. S. Lee acknowledge partial funding of this work from grants PHY 02-16783 and PHY 08-22648: Physics Frontier Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), awarded by the US National Science Foundation. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 4 AR 131 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/131 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 733IO UT WOS:000288256600027 ER PT J AU Larsen, JA Cabanela, JE Humphreys, RM AF Larsen, Jeffrey A. Cabanela, Juan E. Humphreys, Roberta M. TI MAPPING THE ASYMMETRIC THICK DISK. II. DISTANCE, SIZE, AND MASS OF THE HERCULES THICK DISK CLOUD SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; CANIS MAJOR OVERDENSITY; MILKY-WAY; GALACTIC BAR; STAR COUNTS; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; STELLAR STRUCTURE; HALO; EVOLUTION AB The Hercules Thick Disk Cloud was initially discovered as an excess in the number of faint blue stars between Quadrants 1 and 4 of the Galaxy. The origin of the Cloud could be an interaction with the disk bar, a triaxial Thick Disk, or a merger remnant or stream. To better map the spatial extent of the Cloud along the line of sight, we have obtained multi-color UBVR photometry for 1.2 million stars in 63 fields each of approximately 1 deg(2). Our analysis of the fields beyond the apparent boundaries of the excess has already ruled out a triaxial Thick Disk as a likely explanation. In this paper, we present our results for the star counts over all of our fields, determine the spatial extent of the overdensity across and along the line of sight, and estimate the size and mass of the Cloud. Using photometric parallaxes, the stars responsible for the excess are between 1 and 6 kpc from the Sun, 0.5-4 kpc above the Galactic plane, and extend approximately 3-4 kpc across our line of sight. The Cloud is thus a major substructure in the Galaxy. The distribution of the excess along our sight lines corresponds with the density contours of the bar in the Disk, and its most distant stars are directly over the bar. We also see through the Cloud to its far side. Over the entire 500 deg2 of the sky containing the Cloud, we estimate more than 5.6 million stars and 1.9 million solar masses of material. If the overdensity is associated with the bar, it would exceed 1.4 billion stars and more than 50 million solar masses. Finally, we argue that the Hercules-Aquila Cloud is actually the Hercules Thick Disk Cloud. C1 [Larsen, Jeffrey A.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cabanela, Juan E.] Minnesota State Univ Moorhead, Dept Phys & Astron, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA. [Humphreys, Roberta M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Larsen, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM larsen@usna.edu; cabanela@mnstate.edu; roberta@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST0729989, AST0507309, AST0507170]; NRL [N0001409WR40059 (FY09)] FX This work was supported by Collaborative National Science Foundation grants to Cabanela (AST0729989), Larsen (AST0507309), and Humphreys (AST0507170). We thank Steward Observatory and NOAO for observing support, and our respective home institutions for providing facilities support. J. E. Cabanela thanks undergraduate research assistants Joshua Swanson and Laura Broaded for testing and reducing the original Y4KCam data from 2006 April. J.A.L. thanks his students over the course of this project, Andrew Tucker and Aaron Haviland, for their work on modeling and data reduction and NRL grant N0001409WR40059 (FY09) for funds to support these student efforts. He also thanks Debora Katz for observing assistance in 2006 May at Steward Observatory. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 4 AR 130 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/130 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 733IO UT WOS:000288256600026 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Reichmuth, C Gulland, F Rosen, DAS Finneran, JJ AF Mulsow, Jason Reichmuth, Colleen Gulland, Frances Rosen, David A. S. Finneran, James J. TI Aerial audiograms of several California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) measured using single and multiple simultaneous auditory steady-state response methods SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pinniped; sea lion; hearing; audiogram; evoked potential; auditory steady-state response ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED TONES; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; FUR SEALS; HEARING; PINNIPEDS; FREQUENCY; NOISE; RECOGNITION AB Measurements of the electrophysiological auditory steady-state response (ASSR) have proven to be efficient for evaluating hearing sensitivity in odontocete cetaceans. In an effort to expand these methods to pinnipeds, ASSRs elicited by single and multiple simultaneous tones were used to measure aerial hearing thresholds in several California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). There were no significant differences between thresholds measured using the single and multiple ASSR methods, despite the more rapid nature of data collection using the multiple ASSR method. There was a high degree of variability in ASSR thresholds among subjects; thresholds covered a range of similar to 40. dB at each tested frequency. As expected, ASSR thresholds were elevated relative to previously reported psychophysical thresholds for California and Steller sea lions. The features of high-frequency hearing limit and relative sensitivity of most ASSR audiograms were, however, similar to those of psychophysical audiograms, suggesting that ASSR methods can be used to improve understanding of hearing demographics in sea lions, especially with respect to high-frequency hearing. Thresholds for one Steller sea lion were substantially elevated relative to all other subjects, demonstrating that ASSR methods can be used to detect hearing loss in sea lions. C1 [Mulsow, Jason] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mulsow, Jason; Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Reichmuth, Colleen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Rosen, David A. S.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jason.mulsow@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research [ONR N00014-06-1-0295-06]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation FX The authors thank Lauren De Maio, Heather Harris, Nicola Pussini, Bill Van Bonn and the animal care staff of The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) for providing access to the California sea lion subjects and for veterinary support that enabled collection of data. We also thank Martin Haulena and the animal care staff of the Vancouver Aquarium and the Marine Mammal Research Unit at UBC for their efforts during the Steller sea lion anesthesia procedures. David Stapells and Susan Small from the University of British Columbia School of Audiology and Speech Sciences provided helpful advice and guidance during the collection and interpretation of this data. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-06-1-0295-06), the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the NOAA Ocean Acoustics Program and a grant from the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation to the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. Additional support to J.M. was provided by the Dr Earl H. and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, The Friends of Long Marine Lab and the UC Santa Cruz (UCSC) Graduate Student Association. Research at TMMC was conducted under permit no. 932-1489-10 from the National Marine Fisheries Service, and we thank Teri Rowles of NMFS for her cooperation in this effort. This research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of UCSC, TMMC, the University of British Columbia and the Vancouver Aquarium. This research was previously included in a PhD dissertation entitled 'Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Assessment of Aerial Hearing in Pinnipeds' (Mulsow, 2009). Portions of this work were presented at the 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and the 159th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in Baltimore, MD, USA. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 214 IS 7 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1242/jeb.052837 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 732AY UT WOS:000288155200020 PM 21389199 ER PT J AU Ferry, DK Burke, AM Akis, R Brunner, R Day, TE Meisels, R Kuchar, F Bird, JP Bennett, BR AF Ferry, D. K. Burke, A. M. Akis, R. Brunner, R. Day, T. E. Meisels, R. Kuchar, F. Bird, J. P. Bennett, B. R. TI Open quantum dots-probing the quantum to classical transition SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WEAK-LOCALIZATION; CONDUCTANCE FLUCTUATIONS; PHASE BREAKING; MAGNETOTRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS; CURRENT SITUATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; POINT-CONTACT; TRANSPORT; CAVITIES; DECOHERENCE AB Quantum dots provide a natural system in which to study both quantum and classical features of transport. As a closed testbed, they provide a natural system with a very rich set of eigenstates. When coupled to the environment through a pair of quantum point contacts, each of which passes several modes, the original quantum environment evolves into a set of decoherent and coherent states, which classically would compose a mixed phase space. The manner of this breakup is governed strongly by Zurek's decoherence theory, and the remaining coherent states possess all the properties of his pointer states. These states are naturally studied via traditional magnetotransport at low temperatures. More recently, we have used scanning gate (conductance) microscopy to probe the nature of the coherent states, and have shown that families of states exist through the spectrum in a manner consistent with quantum Darwinism. In this review, we discuss the nature of the various states, how they are formed, and the signatures that appear in magnetotransport and general conductance studies. C1 [Ferry, D. K.; Burke, A. M.; Akis, R.; Day, T. E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Burke, A. M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Brunner, R.; Meisels, R.; Kuchar, F.] Univ Leoben, Inst Phys, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Bird, J. P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bennett, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferry, DK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ferry@asu.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010; Brunner, Roland/B-9256-2013; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007; Brunner, Roland/0000-0002-0079-3288; Akis, Richard/0000-0002-4366-1891 NR 81 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/26/4/043001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 731PN UT WOS:000288121800001 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Van Workum, K Chateaueuf, GM Gao, GT Schall, JD Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, Paul T. Van Workum, Kevin Chateaueuf, Ginger M. Gao, Guangtu Schall, J. David Harrison, Judith A. TI The Effects of Interface Structure and Polymerization on the Friction of Model Self-Assembled Monolayers SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanotribology; Boundary lubrication; Solid lubrication; Friction mechanisms; Dynamic modeling; SAMS; Disorder; MD simulation; Polymerization; AIREBO ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CHAIN-LENGTH; DIAMOND SURFACES; NANOTRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; SCALE FRICTION; THIN-FILMS; ADHESION AB The friction between two model atomic force microscope tips and two hydrocarbon monolayers has been examined using molecular dynamics simulations. An amorphous hydrocarbon tip and a flat diamond tip were both employed. One monolayer was composed of linear alkane chains and the other was composed of chains that were polymerized in a regular pattern near the tip-monolayer interface. When friction is decomposed into the forces on individual chains pushing and resisting sliding, the monolayer composed of linear alkane chains exhibited strong pushing forces immediately after clearing tip features at the sliding interface. When this monolayer is paired with the amorphous tip, the strong pushing forces resulted in low friction compared to a monolayer composed of polymerized chains. When the diamond tip is employed, commensurate meshing with the chains of the linear-alkane monolayer resulted in chains resisting tip motion for longer durations. The consequence of this is higher friction compared to the polymerized monolayer, despite the linear-alkane monolayer's more symmetric chain response at resisting-to-pushing transitions. C1 [Chateaueuf, Ginger M.; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gao, Guangtu] Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Schall, J. David] Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WR20155]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA08018G001, F1ATA00130G001] FX PTM, GMC, KVM, and JAH acknowledge support from The Office of Naval Research under contract N0001409WR20155. This work was partially supported by The Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contracts F1ATA08018G001 and F1ATA00130G001. GMC and JAH also thank Kathleen E. Ryan for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9740-z PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 733HD UT WOS:000288252900005 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, R Lehmann, T Romano, M AF Bevilacqua, R. Lehmann, T. Romano, M. TI Development and experimentation of LQR/APF guidance and control for autonomous proximity maneuvers of multiple spacecraft SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Multiple spacecraft assembly; Autonomous control; Linear quadratic regulator; Artificial potential function; Wall-following method; Real-time control; Laboratory experimentation; On-the-ground spacecraft simulation; Autonomous on orbit operations; Formation flight; Spacecraft servicing ID DOCKING AB This work introduces a novel control algorithm for close proximity multiple spacecraft autonomous maneuvers, based on hybrid linear quadratic regulator/artificial potential function (LQR/APF), for applications including autonomous docking, on-orbit assembly and spacecraft servicing. Both theoretical developments and experimental validation of the proposed approach are presented. Fuel consumption is sub-optimized in real-time through re-computation of the LQR at each sample time, while performing collision avoidance through the APF and a high level decisional logic. The underlying LQR/APF controller is integrated with a customized wall-following technique and a decisional logic, overcoming problems such as local minima. The algorithm is experimentally tested on a four spacecraft simulators test bed at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. The metrics to evaluate the control algorithm are: autonomy of the system in making decisions, successful completion of the maneuver, required time, and propellant consumption. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bevilacqua, R.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Jonsson Engn Ctr, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lehmann, T.; Romano, M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Code MAE MR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Jonsson Engn Ctr, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bevilr@rpi.edu; lehmann_tanya@yahoo.com; mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 FU DARPA FX This research was partially supported by DARPA. This research was performed while Dr. Bevilacqua was holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the US Naval Postgraduate School. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD APR-MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7-8 BP 1260 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.08.012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 727SL UT WOS:000287821600059 ER PT J AU Scultetus, A Arnaud, F Kaplan, L Shander, A Philbin, N Rice, J McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Scultetus, Anke Arnaud, Francoise Kaplan, Lewis Shander, Aryeh Philbin, Nora Rice, Jennifer McCarron, Richard Freilich, Daniel TI Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC-201) and Escalating Doses of Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) as a Novel Pre-hospital Resuscitation Fluid in a Swine Model of Severe Uncontrolled Hemorrhaged SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage; resuscitation; pre-hospital trauma care; HBOC-201; rFVIIa ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; LIVER-INJURY; IRAQI-FREEDOM; SHOCK; THERAPY; TRIAL; COAGULOPATHY AB Exsanguinating hemorrhage and unavailability of blood are major problems in pre-hospital trauma care. We investigated if combining rFVIIa with HBOC-201 reduces blood loss and improves physiologic parameters compared to HBOC alone. Swine underwent liver injury and were resuscitated with HBOC-201 alone or HBOC+90, 180 or 360 mu g/kg rFVIIa before hospital arrival at 240 min; animals survived to 72 hours. Blood loss was reduced; MAP, CI, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and 72-hour survival improved in the 90 and 180 mu g/kg rFVIIa groups. Lactate was cleared faster in the HBOC+rFVIIa 90 mu g/kg group. Verification in a large, well-powered study is indicated. C1 [Scultetus, Anke; Arnaud, Francoise; Philbin, Nora; Rice, Jennifer; McCarron, Richard; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, NeuroTrauma Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scultetus, Anke; Arnaud, Francoise; McCarron, Richard; Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kaplan, Lewis] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma Surg Crit Care & Surg Emergencies, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Shander, Aryeh] Englewood Hosp, Englewood, NJ USA. [Shander, Aryeh] Med Ctr, Englewood, NJ USA. RP Scultetus, A (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, NeuroTrauma Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anke.scultetus@med.navy.mil FU BUMED [602236N.M04426.B26.A0241]; NovoNordisk FX This work was supported by BUMED Core Capability Funding Work Unit Number 602236N.M04426.B26.A0241.; Dr. Lewis Kaplan is a consultant for BioPure. Dr. Aryeh Shander is a consultant for and received research grants from NovoNordisk. I am a military service member (or employee of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of my official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U. S. C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.3109/10731199.2010.501755 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 730GP UT WOS:000288022100002 PM 20645681 ER PT J AU Caldwell, J Phillips, J Xing, G AF Caldwell, Joshua Phillips, Jamie Xing, Grace TI Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Caldwell, Joshua] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phillips, Jamie] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xing, Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jcaldwel@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 361 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s11664-011-1538-8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 726XB UT WOS:000287759100001 ER PT J AU Mahadik, NA Stahlbush, RE Qadri, SB Glembocki, OJ Alexson, DA Hobart, KD Caldwell, JD Myers-Ward, RL Tedesco, JL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. Stahlbush, Robert E. Qadri, Syed B. Glembocki, Orest J. Alexson, Dimitri A. Hobart, Karl D. Caldwell, Joshua D. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Tedesco, Joseph L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI Structure and Morphology of Inclusions in 4 degrees Offcut 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN 23-25, 2010 CL Notre Dame, IN DE Defects in silicon carbide epilayers; nondestructive characterization; inclusions; surface morphology ID X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY; SIC PIN DIODES; I-N-DIODES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DEFECTS; STACKING-FAULTS; GROWTH; DEVICES; DISLOCATIONS; DEGRADATION; EPILAYERS AB The structure of inclusions and their influence on surface morphology, local strain, and basal plane dislocations were investigated in silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial layers grown on 4A degrees offcut substrates. On high-resolution x-ray topography images, strain fields were observed surrounding the inclusions. Ultraviolet photoluminescence images revealed the presence of strain-induced dislocations around the inclusions. Micro-Raman and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy showed that the inclusions exhibited a complex structure that consisted of 3C polytype regions and misoriented 4H polytype regions. The resulting lattice deformation typically propagates in the step-flow growth direction and causes distorted surface morphology. C1 [Mahadik, Nadeemullah A.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Qadri, Syed B.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Alexson, Dimitri A.; Hobart, Karl D.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahadik, NA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mahadik@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU National Research Council at the US Naval Research Laboratory; American Association for Engineering Education's NRL; Office of Naval Research FX N.A.M. and D.AA. would like to acknowledge the support of the National Research Council's postdoctoral program at the US Naval Research Laboratory. J.L.T. would like to acknowledge the support of the American Association for Engineering Education's NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship program. Work at NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s11664-011-1570-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 726XB UT WOS:000287759100010 ER PT J AU Craparo, EM How, JP Modiano, E AF Craparo, Emily M. How, Jonathan P. Modiano, Eytan TI Throughput Optimization in Mobile Backbone Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Wireless sensor networks; mobile communication systems ID POWER-CONTROL; CELLULAR NETWORKS; ALGORITHM AB This paper describes new algorithms for throughput optimization in a mobile backbone network. This hierarchical communication framework combines mobile backbone nodes, which have superior mobility and communication capability, with regular nodes, which are constrained in mobility and communication capability. An important quantity of interest in mobile backbone networks is the number of regular nodes that can be successfully assigned to mobile backbone nodes at a given throughput level. This paper develops a novel technique for maximizing this quantity in networks of fixed regular nodes using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The MILP-based algorithm provides a significant reduction in computation time compared to existing methods and is computationally tractable for problems of moderate size. An approximation algorithm is also developed that is appropriate for large-scale problems. This paper presents a theoretical performance guarantee for the approximation algorithm and also demonstrates its empirical performance. Finally, the mobile backbone network problem is extended to include mobile regular nodes, and exact and approximate solution algorithms are presented for this extension. C1 [Craparo, Emily M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [How, Jonathan P.; Modiano, Eytan] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Craparo, EM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM emilyc@alum.mit.edu; jhow@mit.edu; modiano@mit.edu OI How, Jonathan/0000-0001-8576-1930 FU AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0458]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCR-0325401]; NSF [CNS-0915988] FX This work was funded in part by the AFOSR grant FA9550-04-1-0458, a US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant CCR-0325401, an NSF grant CNS-0915988, and an NSF Graduate Fellowship. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 560 EP 572 DI 10.1109/TMC.2010.187 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 724MQ UT WOS:000287580900008 ER PT J AU Hakre, S Brett-Major, D Singer, DE O'Connell, RJ Sateren, WB Sanchez, JL Agan, BK Michael, NL Scott, PT AF Hakre, Shilpa Brett-Major, David Singer, Darrell E. O'Connell, Robert J. Sateren, Warren B. Sanchez, Jose L. Agan, Brian K. Michael, Nelson L. Scott, Paul T. TI Medical Encounter Characteristics of HIV Seroconverters in the US Army and Air Force, 2000-2004 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PREVENTION PROGRAMS; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; MILITARY; CARE AB Background and Methods: Active duty US Army and Air Force military personnel undergo mandatory biennial HIV antibody screening. We compared pre- and post-HIV seroconversion health status by conducting a case-control study, which evaluated all medical encounters and sociodemographic factors among incident HIV seroconverters and HIV-negative controls from June 2000 through February 2004. Results: A total of 274 HIV seroconverters and 6205 HIV-negative personnel were included. In multivariate analysis restricted to male personnel (cases = 261, controls = 5801), single marital status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.37), clinical indicators or symptoms within four years of HIV diagnosis (AOR = 6.22), black race (AOR = 5.88), nonindicator clinical syndromes within 2 years of HIV diagnosis (AOR = 3.31), any mental disorder within 4 years of HIV diagnosis (AOR = 3.04), increasing service-connected time (AOR = 1.69), and older age (AOR = 1.12) were associated with HIV diagnosis among males. A prior history of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) was associated with post-HIV seroconversion STI (OR(M-H) = 4.10). Similarly, a prior history of mental disorder was associated with post-HIV seroconversion mental disorder (OR(M-H) = 4.98). Forty-seven (18%) male cases were hospitalized at least once after HIV diagnosis; infectious diseases, and mental disorders made up 53% of initial admissions. Conclusions: HIV seroconversion was associated with increased health care-seeking behavior, STIs, and mental disorders, some of which may be amenable to screening. The higher STI rate after HIV diagnosis may partially be a consequence of monitoring, but secondary transmission of STI and possibly HIV require further definition and subsequent tailored preventive interventions. C1 [Hakre, Shilpa] US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Brett-Major, David] USN, US Mil Trop Med, Med Manpower Personnel Training & Educ Command, Bethesda, MD USA. [Brett-Major, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Singer, Darrell E.; O'Connell, Robert J.; Sateren, Warren B.; Michael, Nelson L.; Scott, Paul T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. [Sanchez, Jose L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hakre, S (reprint author), US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, 1 Taft Ct Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM shakre@hivresearch.org OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Military Infectious Disease Research Program [1A0001_06_WR_OC] FX This work was supported by funds from the Military Infectious Disease Research Program (Proposal 1A0001_06_WR_OC) and approved by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board (#1109). NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 BP 372 EP 385 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820a7f4d PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 726QH UT WOS:000287740700021 PM 21266911 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Lance, MJ Butler, JE AF Jagannadham, K. Lance, M. J. Butler, J. E. TI Laser annealing of neutron irradiated boron-10 isotope doped diamond SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; SYNTHETIC DIAMOND; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LATTICE ABSORPTION; ION-IMPLANTATION; HEAT-TREATMENT; GRAPHITE; CARBON; FILMS AB (10)B isotope doped p-type diamond epilayer grown by chemical vapor deposition on (110) oriented type IIa diamond single crystal substrate was subjected to neutron transmutation at a fluence of 2.4 x 10(20) thermal and 2.4 x 10(20) fast neutrons. After neutron irradiation, the epilayer and the diamond substrate were laser annealed using Nd-YAG laser irradiation with wave length, 266 nm and energy, 150 mJ per pulse. The neutron irradiated diamond epilayer and the substrate were characterized before and after laser annealing using different techniques. The characterization techniques include optical microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Raman, photoluminescence and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and electrical sheet conductance measurement. The results indicate that the structure of the irradiation induced amorphous epilayer changes to disordered graphite upon laser annealing. The irradiated substrate retains the (110) crystalline structure with neutron irradiation induced defects. C1 [Jagannadham, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lance, M. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, ORNL; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-000R22725]; NRL/ONR FX This research is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, ORNL, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-000R22725. SIMS calibration standards were prepared by ion implantation of known concentrations of B and Li. Ion implantation was provided by the Surface Modification and Characterization Research Center at ORNL. JEB acknowledges the support from NRL/ONR. The authors are thankful to Dr. Mark Walters for help in the use of facilities at SMIF, Duke University. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Joseph Dorsheimer of Thermo Scientific for carrying out the Raman spectroscopy imaging of the diamond epilayer surface. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2518 EP 2528 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-5102-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 712AD UT WOS:000286633300015 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE Duncan, TT Wong, TC McGrady, K AF Sutto, Thomas E. Duncan, Teresa T. Wong, Tiffany C. McGrady, Karen TI Ionic liquid batteries: Chemistry to replace alkaline/acid energy storage devices SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquid; Battery; Alkaline cell ID SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTROLYTES; SOLVENT; FUTURE AB Rather than depend on highly acidic or basic electrolytes, ionic liquids are used to create new types of solid state cells which mimic standard alkaline cells, but without the need for caustic electrolytes. Presented here is a non-aqueous approach to primary and secondary power sources, where the pure ionic liquid not only acts as the electrolyte/separator in both liquid and solid state batteries, but as a reactive species in the cell's electrochemical makeup. In this work, batteries are designed using standard cathode and anode materials such as MnO2/Carbon, PbO2, NiO, AgO and Zn. However, by using a solid polymer electrolyte composed of an ionic liquid and polyvinyl alcohol, novel types of solid state batteries are demonstrated with discharge voltages ranging up to 1.8 V. dependent upon the type of cathode and anode used. These batteries are characterized by ionic conductivity, initial voltage measurements, and discharge profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sutto, Thomas E.; Duncan, Teresa T.; Wong, Tiffany C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McGrady, Karen] Joint Project Manager Individual Protect, Garrisonville, VA USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6364,Bldg 3,Rm 225,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Joint Science and Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by grants from Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Joint Science and Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3375 EP 3379 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.003 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 757KU UT WOS:000290084700038 ER PT J AU Zigler, A Palchan, T Bruner, N Schleifer, E Eisenmann, S Botton, M Henis, Z Pikuz, SA Faenov, AY Gordon, D Sprangle, P AF Zigler, A. Palchan, T. Bruner, N. Schleifer, E. Eisenmann, S. Botton, M. Henis, Z. Pikuz, S. A. Faenov, A. Y., Jr. Gordon, D. Sprangle, P. TI 5.5-7.5 MeV Proton Generation by a Moderate-Intensity Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Interaction with H2O Nanowire Targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAMS; SOLID TARGETS; ACCELERATION; DRIVEN; ELECTRON AB We report on the first generation of 5.5-7.5 MeV protons by a moderate-intensity short-pulse laser (similar to 5 x 10(17) W/cm(2), 40 fsec) interacting with frozen H2O nanometer-size structure droplets (snow nanowires) deposited on a sapphire substrate. In this setup, the laser intensity is locally enhanced by the snow nanowire, leading to high spatial gradients. Accordingly, the nanoplasma is subject to enhanced ponderomotive potential, and confined charge separation is obtained. Electrostatic fields of extremely high intensities are produced over the short scale length, and protons are accelerated to MeV-level energies. C1 [Zigler, A.; Palchan, T.; Bruner, N.; Schleifer, E.; Eisenmann, S.; Botton, M.; Henis, Z.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Pikuz, S. A.; Faenov, A. Y., Jr.] Russian Acad Sci, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow, Russia. [Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zigler, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Pikuz, Sergey/F-7768-2014 OI Pikuz, Sergey/0000-0003-2529-1142 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 13 AR 134801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.134801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 742MG UT WOS:000288947600005 PM 21517389 ER PT J AU Baird, L Ong, CP Cole, RA Haegel, NM Talin, AA Li, QM Wang, GT AF Baird, Lee Ong, C. P. Cole, R. Adam Haegel, N. M. Talin, A. Alec Li, Qiming Wang, George T. TI Transport imaging for contact-free measurements of minority carrier diffusion in GaN, GaN/AlGaN, and GaN/InGaN core-shell nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; LENGTH; RECOMBINATION; LIFETIME AB Minority carrier diffusion lengths (L-d) are measured for GaN, GaN/AlGaN, and GaN/InGaN core-shell nanowires using a technique based on imaging of recombination luminescence. The effect of shell material on transport properties is measured. An AlGaN shell produces L-d values in excess of 1 mu m and a relative insensitivity to wire diameter. An InGaN shell reduces effective diffusion length, while a dependence of L-d on diameter is observed for uncoated nanowires. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3573832] C1 [Baird, Lee; Ong, C. P.; Cole, R. Adam; Haegel, N. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Li, Qiming; Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0804527]; DARPA [61101E]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) MSE Division; DOE BES; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 0804527 and by a grant from the Nano-MEMS program of DARPA (D. Polla, Program Manager) (Grant No. 61101E). The growth and structural characterization was funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) MSE Division and Sandia's Solid State Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by DOE BES. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 13 AR 132104 DI 10.1063/1.3573832 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 745GJ UT WOS:000289153600037 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, AJ Pique, A AF Birnbaum, A. J. Pique, A. TI Laser induced extraplanar propulsion for three-dimensional microfabrication SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The laser induced extraplanar propulsion process is presented for the creation of controllable three-dimensional deformation of on-substrate components. It is demonstrated that the process is compatible with transparent substrates and ductile materials and is highly controllable in terms of the desired deformation via the adjustment of incident laser energy density. Copper films with thicknesses varying from 0.1-1 mu m are deformed over bending angles ranging from 0 degrees-180 degrees. A 355 nm laser at fluences ranging from 10-40 mJ/cm(2) is used in conjunction with an indium-tin-oxide propulsion layer to demonstrate the process. Characterization is performed via electron and laser confocal microscopy. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3567763] C1 [Birnbaum, A. J.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Birnbaum, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.birnbaum@gmail.com; pique@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 13 AR 134101 DI 10.1063/1.3567763 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 745GJ UT WOS:000289153600103 ER PT J AU Weidinger, D Brown, DJ Owrutsky, JC AF Weidinger, D. Brown, D. J. Owrutsky, J. C. TI Transient absorption studies of vibrational relaxation and photophysics of Prussian blue and ruthenium purple nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERVALENCE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; COBALT-IRON CYANIDE; ULTRAFAST INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MIXED-VALENCE COMPLEXES; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFER-EXCITED-STATE; CHARGE-TRANSFER IVCT; REORGANIZATIONAL ENERGIES; STRETCHING FREQUENCIES; POPULATION RELAXATION AB Transient infrared and visible absorption studies have been used to characterize vibrational and electronic dynamics of Prussian blue (PB) and ruthenium purple (RP) nanoparticles produced and characterized in AOT reverse micelles. Studies include excitation and probing with both infrared (near 2000 cm(-1)) and visible (800 nm) pulses. From IR pump-IR probe measurements of the CN stretching bands, vibrational population lifetimes are determined to be 32 +/- 4 ps for PB and 44 +/- 14 ps for RP. These times are longer than those for ferrocyanide (4 ps) and ruthenocyanide (4 ps) in normal water and are closer to the times for these species in heavy water (25-30 ps) and for ferrocyanide in formamide (43 ps). The PB and RP lifetimes are also longer than those (< 15 ps) previously measured for CN stretching bands following intervalence excitation and back-electron transfer (BET) for dinuclear mixed-valence compounds containing Fe, Ru, and Os in heavy water and formamide [A. V. Tivansky, C. F. Wang, and G. C. Walker, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 9051 (2003)]. In 800 nm pump-IR probe experiments on RP and PB, transient IR spectra and decay curves are similar to those with IR excitation; a ground state bleach and a red shifted (by similar to 40 cm(-1)) excited state decay are observed. These results for the visible pumping are consistent with rapid (< 1 ps) BET resulting in population in the ground electronic state with vibrational excitation in the CN mode. In addition, transient absorption studies were performed for PB and RP probing with visible light using both visible and IR excitation. The early time response for the 800 nm pump-800 nm probe of PB exhibits an instrument-limited, subpicosecond bleach followed by an absorption, which is consistent with the previously reported results [D. C. Arnett, P. Vohringer, and N. F. Scherer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 12262 (1995)]. The absorption exhibits a biexponential decay with decay times of 9 and 185 ps, which could have been attributed to the CN band excitation indicated from 800 pump-IR probe results. However, IR pump-800 nm probe studies reveal that excitation of the CN band directly results in a decreased visible absorption that decays in 18 ps rather than an induced absorption at 800 nm. Characteristics of the IR pump-800 nm probe, especially that it induces a bleach instead of an absorption, unambiguously indicate that the transient absorption from the 800 nm pump-800 nm probe is dominated by states other than the CN bands and is attributed to population in other, probably lower frequency, vibrational modes excited following visible excitation and rapid BET. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3564918] C1 [Weidinger, D.; Owrutsky, J. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors thank Eunkeu Oh for assistance with the DLS system. D. W. acknowledges Naval Research Laboratory-National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 12 AR 124510 DI 10.1063/1.3564918 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 745FN UT WOS:000289151400046 PM 21456679 ER PT J AU Sivaprakasam, V Lin, HB Huston, AL Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Lin, Horn-Bond Huston, Alan L. Eversole, Jay D. TI Spectral characterization of biological aerosol particles using two-wavelength excited laser-induced fluorescence and elastic scattering measurements SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BIOAEROSOLS; CLASSIFICATION; SENSOR; SIZE; NM AB A two-wavelength laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument has been developed and used to characterize individual biological aerosol particles, including biological warfare (BW) agent surrogates. Fluorescence in discrete spectral bands from widely different species, and also from similar species under different growth conditions were measured and compared. The two-wavelength excitation approach was found to increase discrimination among several biological materials, and especially with respect to diesel exhaust particles, a common interferent for LIF BW detection systems. The spectral characteristics of a variety of biological materials and ambient air components have been studied as a function of aerosol particle size and incident fluence. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Lin, Horn-Bond; Huston, Alan L.; Eversole, Jay D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vasanthi.sivaprakasam@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This work was supported by chemical and biological defense tech-base, administered by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). DTRA was founded in 1998 to integrate and focus the capabilities of the Department of Defense that address the weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) threat. The mission of the DTRA is to safeguard America and its allies from WMD threat (e.g. chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high yield explosives) by providing capabilities to reduce, eliminate and counter the threat and mitigate its effects. Under DTRA, Department of Defense resources, expertise and capabilities are combined to ensure the United States remains ready and able to address the present and future WMD threats. For more information on DTRA, visit (www.dtra.mil/) under bar (< file://www.dtra.mil/>) under bar. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 7 BP 6191 EP 6208 DI 10.1364/OE.19.006191 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741GR UT WOS:000288852700050 PM 21451645 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. White, C. T. TI Graphene Valley Filter Using a Line Defect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB With its two degenerate valleys at the Fermi level, the band structure of graphene provides the opportunity to develop unconventional electronic applications. Herein, we show that electron and hole quasiparticles in graphene can be filtered according to which valley they occupy without the need to introduce confinement. The proposed valley filter is based on scattering off a recently observed line defect in graphene. Quantum transport calculations show that the line defect is semitransparent and that quasiparticles arriving at the line defect with a high angle of incidence are transmitted with a valley polarization near 100%. C1 [Gunlycke, D.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, directly and through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. D. G. thanks C. W. J. Beenakker for helpful comments. NR 13 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 8 U2 64 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 13 AR 136806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.136806 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741IR UT WOS:000288857900008 PM 21517409 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Ruan, L Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Ruan, L. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Scaling properties at freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QCD; THERMODYNAMICS; SEARCH AB Identified charged pion, kaon, and proton spectra are used to explore the system size dependence of bulk freeze-out properties in Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 and 62.4 GeV. The data are studied with hydrodynamically motivated blast-wave and statistical model frameworks in order to characterize the freeze-out properties of the system. The dependence of freeze-out parameters on beam energy and collision centrality is discussed. Using the existing results from Au + Au and pp collisions, the dependence of freeze-out parameters on the system size is also explored. This multidimensional systematic study furthers our understanding of the QCD phase diagram revealing the importance of the initial geometrical overlap of the colliding ions. The analysis of Cu + Cu collisions expands the system size dependence studies from Au + Au data with detailed measurements in the smaller system. The systematic trends of the bulk freeze-out properties of charged particles is studied with respect to the total charged particle multiplicity at midrapidity, exploring the influence of initial state effects. C1 [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. 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RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014 OI van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within the US DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed.; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech.; RosAtom of Russia; Korea Research Foundation; GA FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech. and RosAtom of Russia. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 034910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.034910 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 741IA UT WOS:000288856200005 ER PT J AU Atwood, RE Urban, JJ AF Atwood, Rex E. Urban, Joseph J. TI Glycine tripeptide analog and its fluoroalkene mimics: A computational study of the impact of peptide bond replacement on conformational preferences SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Atwood, Rex E.; Urban, Joseph J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 852-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800820 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Wu, PK Wu, M Fitzgerald, LA Petersen, ER Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Wu, Peter K. Wu, Mahkah Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Petersen, Emily R. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Passive diffusion microbial fuel cells designed for low power littoral autonomous aquatic sensors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 296-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804510 ER PT J AU Burdon, MRW Haverhals, LM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Burdon, Midshipman Robert W. Haverhals, Luke M. Foley, Matthew P. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Characterization of fiber welded biopolymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Math & Nat Sci, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 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Giordano, Braden C. Collins, Greg E. Burgi, Dean S. TI Stacking fundamentals in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with complex sample matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dbqp Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 236-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801302 ER PT J AU Chervin, CN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. 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Medintz, Igor L. TI Achieving cytosolic delivery of quantum dot nanoassemblies: From polymers to peptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 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PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 298-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804512 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Zega, TJ Glaser, ER Stroud, RM Tischler, JG Boercker, JE Efros, AL Erwin, SC AF Foos, Edward E. Zega, Thomas J. Glaser, Evan R. Stroud, Rhonda M. Tischler, Joseph G. Boercker, Janice E. Efros, Alexander L. Erwin, Steven C. TI Core/shell structures and the transition to nanomaterial doping SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Foos, Edward E.; Zega, Thomas J.; Glaser, Evan R.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Boercker, Janice E.; Efros, Alexander L.; Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 31-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805063 ER PT J AU Friedlander, JA Gutteridge, CE O'Neil, MT AF Friedlander, J. Alan Gutteridge, Clare E. O'Neil, Michael T. TI Development of a novel chemical series with activity against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 753-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800721 ER PT J AU Fryauff, MJ Ferrante, RF AF Fryauff, Michael J. Ferrante, Robert F. TI Applying Raman spectroscopy to problems in laboratory astrochemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fryauff, Michael J.; Ferrante, Robert F.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1096-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801062 ER PT J AU Fulmer, PA Wynne, JH AF Fulmer, Preston A. Wynne, James H. TI Coatings capable of self-germinating and neutralizing Bacillus anthracis endospores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fulmer, Preston A.; Wynne, James H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 86-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807014 ER PT J AU Guidry, SN Schroeder, MJ AF Guidry, Steve N., III Schroeder, Maria J. TI Composite armor: Multi-layered polymer protection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guidry, Steve N., III; Schroeder, Maria J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1194-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801159 ER PT J AU Harmon, GA Urban, JJ AF Harmon, Genevieve A. Urban, Joseph J. TI Conformational preferences of model peptides and fluorinated peptidomimetics: A computational study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Harmon, Genevieve A.; Urban, Joseph J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 853-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800821 ER PT J AU Howard, EC Hamdan, LJ Biffinger, JC Ringeisen, BR AF Howard, Erinn C. Hamdan, Leila J. Biffinger, Justin C. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Further study on glucose use by Shewanella oneidensis in microbial fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Howard, Erinn C.; Hamdan, Leila J.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 268-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804507 ER PT J AU Inerbaev, T Kutana, A Kilin, D AF Inerbaev, Talgat Kutana, Alex Kilin, Dmitri TI Efficient charge separation on interfaces of photovoltaic nanomaterials: Ab initio results SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chesapeake Beach, MD USA. S China Normal Univ, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RI Inerbaev, Talgat/E-6191-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 470-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803702 ER PT J AU Infante, CR Schroeder, MJ AF Infante, Christopher R. Schroeder, Maria J. TI Investigations of nanoclay-polymer coatings for armor protection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Infante, Christopher R.; Schroeder, Maria J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1195-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801160 ER PT J AU Klein, DKD Foley, MP Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM O'Sullivan, DW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Klein, David K. D. Foley, Matthew P. Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew O'Sullivan, Daniel W. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Depolymerization of cellulose in a binary ionic liquid system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1174-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801139 ER PT J AU Long, JW Chervin, CN Brandell, NL Wallace, JM Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Chervin, Christopher N. Brandell, Natalie L. Wallace, Jean M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Functionalized carbon nanofoam electrode architectures as cathodes for Zn-air and Li-air batteries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 419-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807370 ER PT J AU Louchouarn, P Yeager, KM Brunner, CA Briggs, K Guo, LD Asper, V Coney, N Fortner, C Prouhet, J Schindler, KJ Martin, KM Zhou, Z Loeffler, J Jung, A Cruz, V AF Louchouarn, Patrick Yeager, Kevin M. Brunner, Charlotte A. Briggs, Kevin Guo, Laodong Asper, Vernon Coney, N. Fortner, C. Prouhet, Jeremy Schindler, Kim J. Martin, Kevin M. Zhou, Z. Loeffler, J. Jung, A. Cruz, Valerie TI Deepwater horizon: Coastal ocean to marsh margin sediment impacts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 47-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804876 ER PT J AU Lundin, JG Cozzens, RF Watson, KE Weatherspoon, GLR Honeychuck, RV Wynne, JH AF Lundin, Jeffrey G. Cozzens, Robert F. Watson, Kelly E. Weatherspoon, Gerald L. Roberts Honeychuck, Robert V. Wynne, James H. TI Effects of visible light on coatings possessing catalytic photoactive additives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 181-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807048 ER PT J AU Lundin, JG Myers, KA Ghodousi, A Watson, KE Wynne, JH AF Lundin, Jeffrey G. Myers, Keith A. Ghodousi, Arman Watson, Kelly E. Wynne, James H. TI Investigation of nucleophilic additives for reactive coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 188-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804468 ER PT J AU Marquez, SA Brunsvold, AL Cooper, R Shen, LH Minton, TK Tomczak, SJ Wright, ME Guenthner, AJ Pettys, BJ Vij, V McGrath, LM Mabry, JM Schatz, GC AF Marquez, Sara A. Brunsvold, Amy L. Cooper, Russell Shen, Linhan Minton, Timothy K. Tomczak, Sandra J. Wright, Michael E. Guenthner, Andrew J. Pettys, Brian J. Vij, Vandana McGrath, Laura M. Mabry, Joseph M. Schatz, George C. TI Oxygen-atom reactivity with polyimide and POSS-polyimide surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & BIochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USAF, AFRL RZSM, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA USA. USAF, ERC Inc, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA USA. USN, Res & Engn Sci Dept, Div Chem, NAVAIR, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 225-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803939 ER PT J AU Meylemans, H Harvey, BG AF Meylemans, Heather Harvey, Benjamin G. TI Photoinduced donor-bridge-acceptor systems designed to produce renewable fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Meylemans, Heather; Harvey, Benjamin G.] USN, NAWCWD, Res Dept, Div Chem,Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, China Lake, CA USA. RI Meylemans, Heather/G-4511-2012 OI Meylemans, Heather/0000-0001-9141-1478 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 344-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804671 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Coffin, RB Larsen, RK AF O'Neil, Colleen E. Coffin, Richard B. Larsen, Randolph K. TI Analysis of humic substances in Beaufort Sea sediments using diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. USN, Code Marine Biogeochem 6114, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 593-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800566 ER PT J AU Peterson, JM O'Sullivan, D Prak, DL AF Peterson, Jake M. O'Sullivan, Daniel Prak, Dianne Luning TI Isolation and identification of the photolytic products formed by 2,6-dinitrotoluene in the presence of dissolved substances SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Peterson, Jake M.; O'Sullivan, Daniel; Prak, Dianne Luning] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 178-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800202 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Pietron, JJ AF Pomfret, Michael B. Pietron, Jeremy J. TI Raman spectroelectrochemical study of benzenethiol-PtCo alloy interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 330-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802488 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Osofsky, M Miller, JB Zhang, R AF Purdy, Andrew P. Osofsky, Michael Miller, Joel B. Zhang, Rebecca TI Synthesis and characterization of doped magnesium diboride SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Purdy, Andrew P.; Osofsky, Michael; Miller, Joel B.; Zhang, Rebecca] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 648-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805498 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR Finkenstadt, D AF Richardson, Steven L. Mehl, Michael J. Pederson, Mark R. Finkenstadt, Daniel TI Golcondane (C20H24): Theoretical studies of a novel strained, caged hydrocarbon molecule SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 252-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804099 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Mehl, MJ Pederson, MR Finkenstadt, D AF Richardson, Steven L. Mehl, Michael J. Pederson, Mark R. Finkenstadt, Daniel TI Theoretical studies of the caged hydrocarbon octahedrane (C12H12, D-3d) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 75-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804095 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, Debra R. TI Award Address (ACS Award in the Chemistry of Materials sponsored by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company). Architectural design, interior decoration, and the importance of nothing en route to multifunctional nanoarchitectures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 388-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802589 ER PT J AU Russell, JN AF Russell, John N., Jr. TI Role of the Joint Board-Council Committee on Publications at ACS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Russell, John N., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1241-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803180 ER PT J AU Simonson, DL McGill, RA Higgins, BA Papantonakis, MR Everett, RK AF Simonson, Duane L. McGill, R. Andrew Higgins, Bernadette A. Papantonakis, Michael R. Everett, Richard K. TI Chemical modification of nanofillers in high performance polymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Simonson, Duane L.; McGill, R. Andrew; Higgins, Bernadette A.; Papantonakis, Michael R.; Everett, Richard K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 353-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807138 ER PT J AU Snider, RM Guissepi-Elie, A Strycharz-Glaven, S Tender, L AF Snider, Rachel M. Guissepi-Elie, Anthony Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah Tender, Leonard TI On the conductive nature of biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Clemson Univ, Ctr Bioelect Biosensors & Biochips C3B, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 371-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802077 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD AF Stenger-Smith, John D. TI Electroactive polymers: From corrosion conversion coatings to burst power storage and delivery SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stenger-Smith, John D.] USN, Res Dept, China Lake NAWCWD, China Lake, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 294-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807375 ER PT J AU Tender, L Strycharz-Glaven, SM Glaven, RH AF Tender, Leonard Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M. Glaven, Richard H. TI Electrochemical and microbial properties of the biocathode of a solar microbial fuel cell (SMFC) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tender, Leonard; Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M.; Glaven, Richard H.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 370-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802076 ER PT J AU Wallace, JM Brandell, NL Chervin, CN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Wallace, Jean M. Brandell, Natalie L. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Electrocatalytic nanoparticle-modified carbon nanofoams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 131-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803671 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Weise, NK Cozzens, RF Verborgt, J Lawrence, SH AF Wynne, James H. Weise, Nickolaus K. Cozzens, Robert F. Verborgt, Jozef Lawrence, Steven H. TI Preparation and real-time monitoring of hydrolysable coating systems for marine environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wynne, James H.; Weise, Nickolaus K.; Cozzens, Robert F.; Verborgt, Jozef; Lawrence, Steven H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 358-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807107 ER PT J AU Gibbons, HS Broomall, SM McNew, LA Daligault, H Chapman, C Bruce, D Karavis, M Krepps, M McGregor, PA Hong, C Park, KH Akmal, A Feldman, A Lin, JS Chang, WLE Higgs, BW Demirev, P Lindquist, J Liem, A Fochler, E Read, TD Tapia, R Johnson, S Bishop-Lilly, KA Detter, C Han, C Sozhamannan, S Rosenzweig, CN Skowronski, EW AF Gibbons, Henry S. Broomall, Stacey M. McNew, Lauren A. Daligault, Hajnalka Chapman, Carol Bruce, David Karavis, Mark Krepps, Michael McGregor, Paul A. Hong, Charles Park, Kyong H. Akmal, Arya Feldman, Andrew Lin, Jeffrey S. Chang, Wenling E. Higgs, Brandon W. Demirev, Plamen Lindquist, John Liem, Alvin Fochler, Ed Read, Timothy D. Tapia, Roxanne Johnson, Shannon Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. Detter, Chris Han, Cliff Sozhamannan, Shanmuga Rosenzweig, C. Nicole Skowronski, Evan W. TI Genomic Signatures of Strain Selection and Enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a Historical Biowarfare Simulant SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; SURFACTIN PRODUCTION; RESPONSE REGULATOR; NITRIC-OXIDE; SUBTILIS; SPORULATION; SPORES; GENE AB Background: Despite the decades-long use of Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (BG) as a simulant for biological warfare (BW) agents, knowledge of its genome composition is limited. Furthermore, the ability to differentiate signatures of deliberate adaptation and selection from natural variation is lacking for most bacterial agents. We characterized a lineage of BGwith a long history of use as a simulant for BW operations, focusing on classical bacteriological markers, metabolic profiling and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Results: Archival strains and two "present day" type strains were compared to simulant strains on different laboratory media. Several of the samples produced multiple colony morphotypes that differed from that of an archival isolate. To trace the microevolutionary history of these isolates, we obtained WGS data for several archival and present-day strains and morphotypes. Bacillus-wide phylogenetic analysis identified B. subtilis as the nearest neighbor to B. atrophaeus. The genome of B. atrophaeus is, on average, 86% identical to B. subtilis on the nucleotide level. WGS of variants revealed that several strains were mixed but highly related populations and uncovered a progressive accumulation of mutations among the "military" isolates. Metabolic profiling and microscopic examination of bacterial cultures revealed enhanced growth of "military" isolates on lactate-containing media, and showed that the "military" strains exhibited a hypersporulating phenotype. Conclusions: Our analysis revealed the genomic and phenotypic signatures of strain adaptation and deliberate selection for traits that were desirable in a simulant organism. Together, these results demonstrate the power of whole-genome and modern systems-level approaches to characterize microbial lineages to develop and validate forensic markers for strain discrimination and reveal signatures of deliberate adaptation. C1 [Gibbons, Henry S.; Broomall, Stacey M.; McNew, Lauren A.; Karavis, Mark; Krepps, Michael; McGregor, Paul A.; Hong, Charles; Park, Kyong H.; Liem, Alvin; Fochler, Ed; Rosenzweig, C. Nicole; Skowronski, Evan W.] Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, BioSci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [McNew, Lauren A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [McGregor, Paul A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Feldman, Andrew; Lin, Jeffrey S.; Demirev, Plamen] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Lindquist, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liem, Alvin; Fochler, Ed] OptiMetrics Inc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [Chapman, Carol; Akmal, Arya; Read, Timothy D.; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hong, Charles] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Chang, Wenling E.; Higgs, Brandon W.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Daligault, Hajnalka; Bruce, David; Tapia, Roxanne; Johnson, Shannon; Detter, Chris; Han, Cliff] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Krepps, Michael] Excet Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gibbons, HS (reprint author), Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, BioSci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM henry.gibbons@us.army.mil RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; OI Higgs, Brandon/0000-0002-2951-0245; Johnson, Shannon/0000-0002-3972-9208 FU Department of Homeland [NBCHC070040] FX This work was made possible by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative CB2847 to HSG and ES; by TMTI0068_07_NM_T (to KBL and SS), and by Department of Homeland Security award number NBCHC070040 to AF, PD, and JL. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. The opinions therein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U. S. Government or any of its agencies. Information in this report is unclassified and cleared for public release. NR 81 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 25 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17836 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017836 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 740SE UT WOS:000288813900013 PM 21464989 ER PT J AU Bellenoit, H AF Bellenoit, Hayden TI Arya Samaj SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bellenoit, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD MAR 25 PY 2011 IS 5634 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 742WC UT WOS:000288975000006 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Ore, RMC Porter, KR Kochel, TJ AF Maves, Ryan C. Castillo Ore, Roger M. Porter, Kevin R. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a psoralen-inactivated dengue-1 virus vaccine candidate in Aotus nancymaae monkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Dengue-1 vaccine; Inactivated dengue vaccine; Psoralen ID WAVELENGTH ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; T-CELL RESPONSES; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DNA VACCINE; AMOTOSALEN; INFECTION; PSORIASIS; 8-METHOXYPSORALEN AB Psoralens are photoreactive compounds that cross-link pyrimidines after exposure to UVA radiation. In this experiment, we tested the protective efficacy of a psoralen-inactivated dengue vaccine candidate in non-human primates. Two groups of 7 Aotus nancymaae monkeys received either 10 ng per dose of inactivated DENV1 plus alum adjuvant or alum alone (controls). Doses were injected intradermally on days 0, 14, and 28. Monkeys then received a challenge inoculation of 1.1 x 10(4) PFUs of WestPac 74 DENV-1 on clay 132. At 62 days, only 1/7 vaccinated monkeys had detectable IgM, but IgG and neutralizing antibody remained detectable in 7/7. No IgM, IgG, or neutralizing antibody was detectable in control monkeys. DENV-1 viremia was detected after challenge in 3/7 vaccinated monkeys and 5/6 control monkeys (with one removed due to pregnancy) (p = 0.27), but days of viremia were reduced from 3.67 days/animal among controls to 0.71 days/animal among vaccinated monkeys (p = 0.051). Psoralen-inactivated DENV1 is immunogenic in Aotus nancymaae with a trend towards a reduction in days of viremia following experimental challenge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maves, Ryan C.; Castillo Ore, Roger M.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Porter, Kevin R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Maves, RC (reprint author), USN, Div Infect Dis, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Ryan.Maves@med.navy.mil FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program [S0082_06_NM] FX This work was supported by funded by work unit number S0082_06_NM, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program. The experiments reported herein were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the United States Naval Medical Research Center Detachment and conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 15 BP 2691 EP 2696 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.077 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 745CE UT WOS:000289140700007 PM 21303709 ER PT J AU Rosen, J Kim, YC Mittal, J AF Rosen, Jonathan Kim, Young C. Mittal, Jeetain TI Modest Protein-Crowder Attractive Interactions Can Counteract Enhancement of Protein Association by Intermolecular Excluded Volume Interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NATIVE-STATE; STABILITY; CONFINEMENT; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTS; AGGREGATION; KINETICS; COMPLEX AB We study the effects of attractive interactions between spherical crowders and protein residues on the thermodynamics and structure of two weakly binding protein complexes: ubiquitin/UIM1 and cytochrome c/cytochrome c peroxidase. Systematic replica exchange Monte Carlo (REMC) simulations are performed over a range of attraction strengths and crowder packing fractions using a transferable coarse-grained protein binding model. We find that moderate attractive interactions (approximate to 0.2 kcal/mol) between crowders and protein residues can destabilize protein association, and therefore counteract the stabilizing effect of excluded volume interactions. The destabilization of protein binding, as measured by an increase in binding free energy, increases with increasing crowder packing fraction. For a critical attraction strength value, which is found to be approximately independent of crowder packing fraction, the destabilization due to attractions is exactly canceled by the stabilization effect of excluded volume interactions. This results in a net zero change in binding free energy with respect to a crowder-free solution. Further, we find that attractive interactions between crowders and protein residues can favor transiently bound encounter complexes over the native specific complexes in the bound state. We propose a simple theoretical model based on the scaled particle theory augmented by a mean-field attraction term that can explain our simulation results semiquantitatively. C1 [Rosen, Jonathan; Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Kim, Young C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittal, J (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jeetain@lehigh.edu NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 11 BP 2683 EP 2689 DI 10.1021/jp200625k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 735GJ UT WOS:000288401100023 PM 21361356 ER PT J AU Carter, SG Economou, SE Shabaev, A Bracker, AS AF Carter, S. G. Economou, Sophia E. Shabaev, A. Bracker, A. S. TI Controlling the nuclear polarization in quantum dots using optical pulse shape with a modest bandwidth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; LOCKING; SPECTROSCOPY AB We show that detuned optical pulse trains with a modest spectral width can polarize nuclear spins in indium arsenide quantum dots. The pulse bandwidth is large enough to excite a coherent superposition of both electron spin eigenstates in these negatively charged dots but narrow enough to give partial spectral selectivity between the eigenstates. The coherent precession of electron spin states and periodic excitation focuses the nuclear spin distribution, producing a discrete set of precession modes. The spectral selectivity generates a net nuclear polarization through a mechanism that relies on optical spin rotations rather than electron spin relaxation. C1 [Carter, S. G.; Economou, Sophia E.; Bracker, A. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 FU US Office of Naval Research; NSA/LPS; NIST [70NANB7H6138 Am 001] FX This work is supported in part by the US Office of Naval Research. S.E.E. acknowledges support from NSA/LPS, and A.S. acknowledges support from NIST 70NANB7H6138 Am 001. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115325 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 739EB UT WOS:000288695200005 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Karaiskaj, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Karaiskaj, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon interactions in an interfacial GaAs quantum dot ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PILLAR MICROCAVITIES; OPTICAL-SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS; LOCALIZATION; ROUGHNESS; STATE; BOXES AB Using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy, we report temperature-and excitation-density-dependent measurements of the homogeneous linewidth of the exciton ground-state transition in a single layer of interfacial GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We show that the homogeneous linewidth increases nonlinearly with temperature from 6 to 50 K and that the thermal broadening is well described by an activation term and offset. The absence of a phonon-activation peak in the two-dimensional spectra reveals that elastic scattering of excitons with acoustic phonons via virtual transitions between the ground and excited states significantly contributes to the thermal broadening. We find that the combination of increasing virtual activation energy and exciton-phonon coupling strength with decreasing QD size results in greater thermal broadening for excitons localized in smaller QDs. The homogeneous linewidth also exhibits a strong excitation-density dependence and is shown to increase linearly as the photon density increases from 2 x 10(11) to 1 x 10(12) photons pulse(-1) cm(-2) at 6 K. This trend is attributed to strong coupling of excitons within the same QD and is independent of the quantum-well exciton population density. C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Karaiskaj, D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; (U.S.) Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the (U.S.) Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences. M.E.S. acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115324 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 739EB UT WOS:000288695200004 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP AF Chretien, Jean-Paul TI US Global Health Strategy Promoting Healthy Development SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chretien, Jean-Paul] USN, Washington, DC USA. [Chretien, Jean-Paul] Truman Natl Secur Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), 11220 Upton Dr, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. EM JPChretien@gmail.com OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 2011 VL 305 IS 12 BP 1238 EP 1239 DI 10.1001/jama.2011.362 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 738PA UT WOS:000288652100021 PM 21427377 ER PT J AU Agakishiev, H Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Beavis, DR Behera, NK Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA De Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, OG Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Knospe, AG Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohammed, Y Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nayak, TK Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pei, H Peitzmann, T Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Witzke, W Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Agakishiev, H. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Beavis, D. R. Behera, N. K. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi De Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. 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Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohammed, Y. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, T. K. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pei, H. Peitzmann, T. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Steadman, S. G. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Witzke, W. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI High p(T) nonphotonic electron production in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; STAR; TOMOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB We present the measurement of nonphotonic electron production at high transverse momentum (p(T) > 2.5 GeV/c) in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured cross sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large difference in photonic background levels due to different detector configurations. We compare the measured nonphotonic electron cross sections with previously published RHIC data and perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations. Using the relative contributions of B and D mesons to nonphotonic electrons, we determine the integrated cross sections of electrons (e++e-2/2) at 3 GeV/c < p(T) < 10 GeV/c from bottom and charm meson decays to be [(d sigma((B -> e)+(B -> D -> e))/(dy(e))](ye=0) 4.0 +/- 0.5(stat) +/- 1.1(syst) nb and [(d sigma(D -> e))/(dy(e))](ye=0) = 6.2 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 1.5(syst) nb, respectively. C1 [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. 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P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Chen, L.; Ke, H. W.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Agakishiev, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP; HEP; U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'' of Germany; FAPESP; CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; [CNRS/IN2P3] FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 AR 052006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.052006 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 738NZ UT WOS:000288647900001 ER PT J AU Holub, M Jonker, BT AF Holub, Michael Jonker, Berend T. TI Threshold current reduction in spin-polarized lasers: Role of strain and valence-band mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS; DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONS AB We show that valence-band mixing (VBM) plays a dominant role in determining the current threshold I(th) of spin-pumped lasers. The degree of VBM is controlled by tuning the strain through the selection of alloy composition and layer structure. In a well-designed In(x)Ga(1-x) As structure, VBM can lead to a nearly a fourfold decrease in I(th). However, it can also lead to a 25-fold increase for a different composition, in marked contrast to common expectations. In certain cases, larger threshold reductions are achieved for smaller injected spin polarization, a counterintuitive result. C1 [Holub, Michael; Jonker, Berend T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil FU Nanoscience Institute at NRL; National Research Council FX This work was supported by core programs in the Nanoscience Institute at NRL. M.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research Council. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 12 AR 125309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.125309 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 737UW UT WOS:000288595000009 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Roland, C. M. TI Connection between dynamics and thermodynamics of liquids on the melting line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RHO-T DATA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL-ANALYSIS; SELF-DIFFUSION; HIGH-PRESSURE; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; N-ALKANES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB The dynamics of a large number of liquids and polymers exhibit scaling properties characteristic of a simple repulsive inverse power-law potential, most notably the superpositioning of relaxation data as a function of the variable TV(gamma), where T is temperature, V the specific volume, and gamma a material constant. A related scaling law T(m)V(m)(Gamma), with the same exponent Gamma = gamma, links the melting temperature T(m) and volume V(m) of the model IPL liquid; liquid dynamics is then invariant at the melting point. Motivated by a similar invariance of dynamics experimentally observed at transitions of liquid crystals, we determine dynamic and melting-point scaling exponents gamma and Gamma for a large number of nonassociating liquids. Rigid, spherical molecules containing no polar bonds have Gamma = gamma; consequently, the reduced relaxation time, viscosity, and diffusion coefficient are each constant along the melting line. For other liquids gamma > Gamma always; that is, the dynamics is more sensitive to volume than is the melting point, and for these liquids the dynamics at the melting point slows down with increasing T(m) (that is, increasing pressure). C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fragiadakis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We thank R. Casalini for useful discussions. D.F. acknowledges the National Research Council for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 99 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 031504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.031504 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 737VU UT WOS:000288598200005 PM 21517504 ER PT J AU Aleksic, J Antonelli, LA Antoranz, P Backes, M Barrio, JA Bastieri, D Gonzalez, JB Bednarek, W Berdyugin, A Berger, K Bernardini, E Biland, A Blanch, O Bock, RK Boller, A Bonnoli, G Tridon, DB Braun, I Bretz, T Canellas, A Carmona, E Carosi, A Colin, P Colombo, E Contreras, JL Cortina, J Cossio, L Covino, S Dazzi, F De Angelis, A del Pozo, ED De Lotto, B Mendez, CD Ortega, AD Doert, M Dominguez, A Prester, DD Dorner, D Doro, M Elsaesser, D Ferenc, D Fonseca, MV Font, L Fruck, C Lopez, RJG Garczarczyk, M Garrido, D Giavitto, G Godinovic, N Hadasch, D Hafner, D Herrero, A Hildebrand, D Hohne-Monch, D Hose, J Hrupec, D Huber, B Jogler, T Klepser, S Krahenbuhl, T Krause, J La Barbera, A Lelas, D Leonardo, E Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Lopez, M Lorenz, E Makariev, M Maneva, G Mankuzhiyil, N Mannheim, K Maraschi, L Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Meucci, M Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Miyamoto, H Moldon, J Moralejo, A Nieto, D Nilsson, K Orito, R Oya, I Paneque, D Paoletti, R Pardo, S Paredes, JM Partini, S Pasanen, M Pauss, F Perez-Torres, MA Persic, M Peruzzo, L Pilia, M Pochon, J Prada, F Moroni, PGP Prandini, E Puljak, I Reichardt, I Reinthal, R Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Rugamer, S Saggion, A Saito, K Saito, TY Salvati, M Satalecka, K Scalzotto, V Scapin, V Schultz, C Schweizer, T Shayduk, M Shore, SN Sillanpaa, A Sitarek, J Sobczynska, D Spanier, F Spiro, S Stamerra, A Steinke, B Storz, J Strah, N Suric, T Takalo, L Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Terzic, T Tescaro, D Teshima, M Thom, M Tibolla, O Torres, DF Treves, A Vankov, H Vogler, P Wagner, RM Weitzel, Q Zabalza, V Zandanel, F Zanin, R Tanaka, YT Wood, DL Buson, S AF Aleksic, J. Antonelli, L. A. Antoranz, P. Backes, M. Barrio, J. A. Bastieri, D. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bednarek, W. Berdyugin, A. Berger, K. Bernardini, E. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bock, R. K. Boller, A. Bonnoli, G. Tridon, D. Borla Braun, I. Bretz, T. Canellas, A. Carmona, E. Carosi, A. Colin, P. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Cossio, L. Covino, S. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Cea del Pozo, E. De Lotto, B. Delgado Mendez, C. Diago Ortega, A. Doert, M. Dominguez, A. Prester, D. Dominis Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Ferenc, D. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Garcia Lopez, R. J. Garczarczyk, M. Garrido, D. Giavitto, G. Godinovic, N. Hadasch, D. Haefner, D. Herrero, A. Hildebrand, D. Hoehne-Moench, D. Hose, J. Hrupec, D. Huber, B. Jogler, T. Klepser, S. Kraehenbuehl, T. Krause, J. La Barbera, A. Lelas, D. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Lopez, M. Lorenz, E. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mankuzhiyil, N. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Mazin, D. Meucci, M. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Miyamoto, H. Moldon, J. Moralejo, A. Nieto, D. Nilsson, K. Orito, R. Oya, I. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Pardo, S. Paredes, J. M. Partini, S. Pasanen, M. Pauss, F. Perez-Torres, M. A. Persic, M. Peruzzo, L. Pilia, M. Pochon, J. Prada, F. Moroni, P. G. Prada Prandini, E. Puljak, I. Reichardt, I. Reinthal, R. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, J. Ruegamer, S. Saggion, A. Saito, K. Saito, T. Y. Salvati, M. Satalecka, K. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, V. Schultz, C. Schweizer, T. Shayduk, M. Shore, S. N. Sillanpaa, A. Sitarek, J. Sobczynska, D. Spanier, F. Spiro, S. Stamerra, A. Steinke, B. Storz, J. Strah, N. Suric, T. Takalo, L. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzic, T. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Thom, M. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Treves, A. Vankov, H. Vogler, P. Wagner, R. M. Weitzel, Q. Zabalza, V. Zandanel, F. Zanin, R. Tanaka, Y. T. Wood, D. L. Buson, S. CA Magic Collaboration TI MAGIC DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY EMISSION FROM THE FSRQ PKS 1222+21 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (PKS 1222+21) ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; UPPER LIMITS; 3C 279; BLAZARS; RADIATION; SPECTRA; CONSTRAINTS AB Very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1222+ 21 (4C 21.35, z = 0.432) was detected with the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes during a short observation (similar to 0.5 hr) performed on 2010 June 17. The MAGIC detection coincides with high-energy MeV/ GeV gamma-ray activity measured by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite. The VHE spectrum measured by MAGIC extends from about 70 GeV up to at least 400 GeV and can be well described by a power-law dN/dE proportional to E-Gamma with a photon index Gamma = 3.75 +/- 0.27(stat) +/- 0.2(syst). The averaged integral flux above 100 GeV is (4.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-10) cm(-2) s(-1) (similar to 1 Crab Nebula flux). The VHE flux measured by MAGIC varies significantly within the 30 minute exposure implying a flux doubling time of about 10 minutes. The VHE and MeV/GeV spectra, corrected for the absorption by the extragalactic background light (EBL), can be described by a single power law with photon index 2.72 +/- 0.34 between 3 GeV and 400 GeV, and is consistent with emission belonging to a single component in the jet. The absence of a spectral cutoff constrains the gamma-ray emission region to lie outside the broad-line region, which would otherwise absorb the VHE gamma-rays. Together with the detected fast variability, this challenges present emission models from jets in FSRQs. Moreover, the combined Fermi/LAT and MAGIC spectral data yield constraints on the density of the EBL in the UV-optical to near-infrared range that are compatible with recent models. C1 [Aleksic, J.; Blanch, O.; Cortina, J.; Giavitto, G.; Klepser, S.; Martinez, M.; Mazin, D.; Moralejo, A.; Perez-Torres, M. A.; Reichardt, I.; Zanin, R.] IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Antonelli, L. A.; Bonnoli, G.; Carosi, A.; Covino, S.; La Barbera, A.; Maraschi, L.; Salvati, M.; Spiro, S.; Tavecchio, F.] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; Leonardo, E.; Meucci, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.; Partini, S.; Stamerra, A.] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Fis, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; Leonardo, E.; Meucci, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.; Partini, S.; Stamerra, A.] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Backes, M.; Doert, M.; Rhode, W.; Strah, N.; Thom, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Fak Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Barrio, J. A.; Contreras, J. L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Lopez, M.; Nieto, D.; Oya, I.; Pardo, S.; Scapin, V.] Univ Complutense, Grp Fis Atlas Energias, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Bastieri, D.; Lombardi, S.; Mariotti, M.; Peruzzo, L.; Prandini, E.; Saggion, A.; Scalzotto, V.; Schultz, C.; Buson, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Lombardi, S.; Mariotti, M.; Peruzzo, L.; Prandini, E.; Saggion, A.; Scalzotto, V.; Schultz, C.; Buson, S.] INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Berger, K.; Colombo, E.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Diago Ortega, A.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Herrero, A.; Pochon, J.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Bednarek, W.; Sitarek, J.; Sobczynska, D.] Univ Lodz, Div Expt Phys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. [Berdyugin, A.; Lindfors, E.; Nilsson, K.; Pasanen, M.; Reinthal, R.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Bernardini, E.; Satalecka, K.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Biland, A.; Boller, A.; Braun, I.; Dorner, D.; Hildebrand, D.; Huber, B.; Kraehenbuehl, T.; Lorenz, E.; Pauss, F.; Vogler, P.; Weitzel, Q.] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bock, R. K.; Tridon, D. Borla; Carmona, E.; Colin, P.; Fruck, C.; Haefner, D.; Hose, J.; Jogler, T.; Krause, J.; Lorenz, E.; Mazin, D.; Mirzoyan, R.; Miyamoto, H.; Orito, R.; Paneque, D.; Saito, K.; Saito, T. Y.; Schweizer, T.; Shayduk, M.; Steinke, B.; Teshima, M.; Wagner, R. M.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Bretz, T.; Elsaesser, D.; Hoehne-Moench, D.; Mannheim, K.; Ruegamer, S.; Spanier, F.; Storz, J.; Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Fak Phys & Astron, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Canellas, A.; Moldon, J.; Paredes, J. M.; Ribo, M.; Zabalza, V.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ICC IEEC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Cossio, L.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Mankuzhiyil, N.; Persic, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Cossio, L.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Mankuzhiyil, N.; Persic, M.] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Berger, K.; Diago Ortega, A.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Herrero, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [De Cea del Pozo, E.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Dominguez, A.; Prada, F.; Zandanel, F.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Prester, D. Dominis; Ferenc, D.; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Suric, T.; Terzic, T.] Univ Rijeka, Inst R Boskovic, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [Prester, D. Dominis; Ferenc, D.; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Suric, T.; Terzic, T.] Univ Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [Doro, M.; Font, L.; Garrido, D.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Fis, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Temnikov, P.; Vankov, H.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Persic, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Persic, M.] INFN, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Pilia, M.; Treves, A.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Fis & Matemat, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.; Tescaro, D.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.; Tescaro, D.] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Rico, J.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Tanaka, Y. T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Wood, D. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aleksic, J (reprint author), IFAE, Edifici Cn,Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. EM jbecerra@iac.es; mazin@ifae.es; ksaito@mpp.mpg.de; antonio.stamerra@pi.infn.it RI Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio/G-5565-2011; Braun, Isabel/C-9373-2012; Mannheim, Karl/F-6705-2012; Doro, Michele/F-9458-2012; Rico, Javier/K-8004-2014; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Lopez Moya, Marcos/L-2304-2014; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/M-2916-2014; Ribo, Marc/B-3579-2015; Antoranz, Pedro/H-5095-2015; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/I-2004-2015; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Font, Lluis/L-4197-2014; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Maneva, Galina/L-7120-2016; Makariev, Martin/M-2122-2016; Backes, Michael/N-5126-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Reichardt, Ignasi/P-7478-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; OI Stamerra, Antonio/0000-0002-9430-5264; Prandini, Elisa/0000-0003-4502-9053; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0002-6729-9022; Braun, Isabel/0000-0002-9389-0502; Doro, Michele/0000-0001-9104-3214; Rico, Javier/0000-0003-4137-1134; Lopez Moya, Marcos/0000-0002-8791-7908; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/0000-0002-1344-9080; Antoranz, Pedro/0000-0002-3015-3601; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-2235-0725; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Font, Lluis/0000-0003-2109-5961; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Backes, Michael/0000-0002-9326-6400; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Reichardt, Ignasi/0000-0003-3694-3820; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; leonardo, elvira/0000-0003-0271-7673; Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio/0000-0001-9712-9916; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; LA BARBERA, ANTONINO/0000-0002-5880-8913; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Spanier, Felix/0000-0001-6802-4744; Dominguez, Alberto/0000-0002-3433-4610; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Ribo, Marc/0000-0002-9931-4557; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044; Oya, Igor/0000-0002-3881-9324; Bonnoli, Giacomo/0000-0003-2464-9077; Antonelli, Lucio Angelo/0000-0002-5037-9034 FU INFN Padova; German BMBF; MPG; Italian INFN; Swiss National Fund SNF; Spanish MICINN; Marie Curie program; Spanish Consolider-Ingenio [CPAN CSD2007-00042, MultiDark CSD2009-00064]; Bulgarian NSF [DO02-353]; Academy of Finland [127740]; YIP of the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft; DFG Cluster of Excellence; Polish MNiSzW [N N203 390834]; NASA; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu; CNRS in France [IN2P3/CNRS]; ASI; INFN in Italy; MEXT; KEK; JAXA in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France FX Supported by INFN Padova.; We thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN, the Swiss National Fund SNF, and the Spanish MICINN is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Marie Curie program, by the CPAN CSD2007-00042 and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant DO02-353 of the Bulgarian NSF, by grant 127740 of the Academy of Finland, by the YIP of the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, by the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," and by the Polish MNiSzW Grant N N203 390834.; The Fermi/LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 50 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 1 AR L8 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L8 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 797KJ UT WOS:000293125400008 ER PT J AU Rakowski, CE Laming, JM Lyutikov, M AF Rakowski, Cara E. Laming, J. Martin Lyutikov, Maxim TI IN SITU HEATING OF THE 2007 MAY 19 CME EJECTA DETECTED BY STEREO/PLASTIC AND ACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; plasmas; solar wind ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; CURRENT SHEETS; SOLAR-FLARES; EXPLOSION; ENERGY; WAVE; RECONNECTION; HELICITY AB In situ measurements of ion charge states can provide unique insight into the heating and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when tested against realistic non-equilibrium ionization modeling. In this work, we investigate the representation of the CME magnetic field as an expanding spheromak configuration, where the plasma heating is prescribed by the choice of anomalous resistivity and the spheromak dynamics. We chose as a test case the 2007 May 19 CME observed by STEREO and ACE. The spheromak is an appealing physical model, because the location and degree of heating are fixed by the choice of anomalous resistivity and the spheromak expansion rate which we constrain with observations. This model can provide the heating required between 1.1R(circle dot) and Earth's orbit to produce charge states observed in the CME flux rope. However, this source of heating in the spheromak alone has difficulty accounting for the rapid heating to Fe-8-Fe11+ at lower heights, as observed in STEREO EUVI due to the rapid radiative cooling that occurs at the high densities involved. Episodes of heating and cooling clearly unrelated to spheromak expansion are observed prior to the eruption, and presumably still play a role during the eruption itself. Spheromak heating is also not capable of reproducing the high Fe charge states (Fe16+ and higher) seen in situ exterior to the flux rope in this CME. Thus, while the spheromak configuration may be a valid model for the magnetic topology, other means of energization are still required to provide much of the rapid heating observed. C1 [Rakowski, Cara E.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laming, J. Martin] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lyutikov, Maxim] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rakowski, CE (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA [NNG08EK62I]; Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported by NASA Contract NNG08EK62I and by basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 1 AR 30 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/30 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735XI UT WOS:000288453600030 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Cooper, TJ Anderson, JRL AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Cooper, T. J. Anderson, J. R. L. TI CARRINGTON MAPS OF Ca II K-LINE EMISSION FOR THE YEARS 1915-1985 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: faculae, plages; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: surface magnetism ID SOLAR MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FLUX-TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; DYNAMO MODELS; GRAND MINIMUM; TIME-SERIES; CYCLE; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; IRRADIANCE AB We have used Mount Wilson Observatory calcium K-line images, digitized and flat fielded by the solar group at UCLA, to construct Carrington maps of Ca II 3934 angstrom intensity for the years 1915-1985. These maps have a spatial resolution comparable to the resolution of Carrington maps of the magnetic field observed at Kitt Peak and a spectral resolution comparable to the width of the K-232 emission. Consequently, they provide a way of tracking the spatial distribution of magnetic flux from the present back to the year 1915. In this paper, we compare some of the recent K-line maps with corresponding maps of magnetic field, and show examples of K-line maps during earlier sunspot cycles when high-quality magnetograms were not available. Then, we use butterfly diagrams and super-synoptic displays to summarize the long-term evolution of the patterns of calcium intensity. Although each cycle has characteristics that are similar to the others, cycle 19 is remarkable for its broad latitudinal distribution of active regions, for its giant poleward surges of flux, and for the emergence of a north south asymmetry that lasted 10 years. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Cooper, T. J.; Anderson, J. R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [0236682]; NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are also grateful to Jack Harvey (NSO) for helpful advice about the techniques for making Carrington maps, and to Alexis Rouillard (GMU) for contributing to numerous lunchtime discussions of map making Bob Howard (NSO emeritus) provided several helpful suggestions, including the idea of constructing super-synoptic maps. We also thank him for permission to use magnetograms from the Atlas of Mount Wilson Magnetograms, and we thank John Seely (NRL) for making seamless scans of those magnetograms. We would like to acknowledge Yi-Ming Wang (NRL) whose research on meridional flow provided some of the stimulus for this work, and Guillermo Stenborg (Interferometrics Inc.) who helped us to filter the butterfly diagrams. The digitization of the Mount Wilson Solar Photographic Archive has been supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant 0236682 to the University of California at Los Angeles. At NRL, financial support was provided by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 1 AR 51 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/51 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735XI UT WOS:000288453600050 ER PT J AU Ugarte-Urra, I Warren, HP AF Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Warren, Harry P. TI TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ACTIVE REGION OUTFLOWS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: transition region ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; LONGITUDINAL INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; CORONAL LOOPS; TRANSITION REGION; MEASURED PARAMETERS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR-WIND; HINODE; TRACE; FLOWS AB Recent observations from the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode have shown that low-density areas on the periphery of active regions are characterized by strong blueshifts in the emission of spectral lines formed at 1 MK. These Doppler shifts have been associated with outward propagating disturbances observed with extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray imagers. Since these instruments can have broad temperature responses, we investigate these intensity fluctuations using the monochromatic imaging capabilities of the EIS wide slit (slot) and confirm their 1 MK nature. We also look into their spectral temporal variability using narrow slit observations and present the first Doppler movies of the outflow regions. We find that the Fe XII 195.119 angstrom blueshifted spectral profiles at their footpoints exhibit transient blue wing enhancements on timescales as short as the 5 minute cadence. We have also looked at the fan peripheral loops observed at 0.6 MK in Si VII 275.368 angstrom in those regions and find no sign of the recurrent outward propagating disturbances with velocities of 40-130 km s(-1) seen in Fe XII. We do observe downward trends (15-20 km s(-1)) consistent with the characteristic redshifts measured at their footpoints. We, therefore, find no evidence that the structures at these two temperatures and the intensity fluctuations they exhibit are related to one another. C1 [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Div Space Sci, Code 7670, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 FU Naval Research Laboratory; NASA FX The authors acknowledge the helpful suggestions from the anonymous referee, which helped to improve the manuscript. The work was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory with support from the NASA Hinode program. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2011 VL 730 IS 1 AR 37 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/37 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 735XI UT WOS:000288453600037 ER PT J AU Boercker, JE Clifton, EM Tischler, JG Foos, EE Zega, TJ Twigg, ME Stroud, RM AF Boercker, Janice E. Clifton, Emily M. Tischler, Joseph G. Foos, Edward E. Zega, Thomas J. Twigg, Mark E. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI Size and Temperature Dependence of Band-Edge Excitons in PbSe Nanowires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLAR EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM RODS; COLLOIDAL PBSE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CDTE NANOWIRES; SOLAR-CELLS; DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS AB We report the attenuance and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of PbSe nanowires with diameters between 5.6 and 26.4 nm (12-23% relative standard deviation) and lengths greater than 1 mu m. The nanowire first exciton energy varies between 0.3 and 0.6 eV as the diameter decreases from 26.4 to 5.6 nm, respectively. Compared to spherical PbSe nanocrystals, PbSe nanowires show less quantum confinement and larger Stokes shifts. The band gap temperature coefficient (dE(g)/dT) decreases as the nanowire diameter decreases, consistent with previous results for PbSe spherical nanocrystals. C1 [Boercker, Janice E.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Foos, Edward E.; Zega, Thomas J.; Twigg, Mark E.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clifton, Emily M.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Boercker, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM janice.boercker@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; Naval Air Systems Command FX The authors are grateful to A. L. Efros and to S. C. Erwin for helpful discussions. The Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of this work. J.E.B. acknowledges the National Research Council postdoctoral program, and E.M.C. acknowledges the Naval Air Systems Command for their support. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1021/jz200115w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 739AT UT WOS:000288685000002 ER PT J AU Limbach, K Aguiar, J Gowda, K Patterson, N Abot, E Sedegah, M Sacci, J Richie, T AF Limbach, Keith Aguiar, Joao Gowda, Kalpana Patterson, Noelle Abot, Esteban Sedegah, Martha Sacci, John Richie, Thomas TI Identification of two new protective pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine antigen candidates SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; T-CELL; GM-CSF; STAGE; EXPRESSION; DNA; IMMUNIZATION; VIRUS; PLASMIDS; PROTEINS AB Background: Despite years of effort, a licensed malaria vaccine is not yet available. One of the obstacles facing the development of a malaria vaccine is the extensive heterogeneity of many of the current malaria vaccine antigens. To counteract this antigenic diversity, an effective malaria vaccine may need to elicit an immune response against multiple malaria antigens, thereby limiting the negative impact of variability in any one antigen. Since most of the malaria vaccine antigens that have been evaluated in people have not elicited a protective immune response, there is a need to identify additional protective antigens. In this study, the efficacy of three pre-erythrocytic stage malaria antigens was evaluated in a Plasmodium yoelii/mouse protection model. Methods: Mice were immunized with plasmid DNA and vaccinia virus vectors that expressed one, two or all three P. yoelii vaccine antigens. The immunized mice were challenged with 300 P. yoelii sporozoites and evaluated for subsequent infection. Results: Vaccines that expressed any one of the three antigens did not protect a high percentage of mice against a P. yoelii challenge. However, vaccines that expressed all three antigens protected a higher percentage of mice than a vaccine that expressed PyCSP, the most efficacious malaria vaccine antigen. Dissection of the multi-antigen vaccine indicated that protection was primarily associated with two of the three P. yoelii antigens. The protection elicited by a vaccine expressing these two antigens exceeded the sum of the protection elicited by the single antigen vaccines, suggesting a potential synergistic interaction. Conclusions: This work identifies two promising malaria vaccine antigen candidates and suggests that a multi-antigen vaccine may be more efficacious than a single antigen vaccine. C1 [Limbach, Keith; Aguiar, Joao; Gowda, Kalpana; Patterson, Noelle; Abot, Esteban; Sedegah, Martha; Richie, Thomas] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Limbach, Keith; Aguiar, Joao; Patterson, Noelle; Abot, Esteban] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Sacci, John] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Limbach, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM keith.limbach@med.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU [6000.RAD1.F.A0309] FX We would like to thank Jessica Bolton, Joyce Wanga, Phuong Thao Pham, Nicole Barnes and Dianne Litilit for their excellent technical assistance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This work was supported by work unit number 6000.RAD1.F.A0309. The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals", Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1995. Thomas Richie is a military service member and Kalpana Gowda and Martha Sedegah are employees of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. (sic)105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. (sic)101 defines U.S. Government work as work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 65 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-10-65 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 747YV UT WOS:000289358100001 PM 21410955 ER PT J AU Forrest, RL Throckmorton, J Canedy, CL Boishin, G Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Whitman, LJ AF Forrest, R. L. Throckmorton, J. Canedy, C. L. Boishin, G. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Whitman, L. J. TI Investigation of lateral modulation in antimonide superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; W-DIODE-LASERS; QUANTUM-WIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES; SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY AB Lateral structure is investigated in two antimonide superlattices using x-ray diffraction. We report periodic lateral modulation in AlSb/AlAs digital superlattices, while no lateral modulation is observed in similar InAs/Al(In)Sb digital superlattices. By fitting the diffraction data with dynamical diffraction theory we are able to determine the strain in each layer and at the interfaces. The findings are consistent with recent predictions of the critical thickness for three-dimensional growth. C1 [Forrest, R. L.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Canedy, C. L.; Boishin, G.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.; Whitman, L. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Forrest, RL (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM rforrest@uh.edu RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 FU American Physical Society; Office of Naval Research FX The work at UH was supported in part by the M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship of the American Physical Society, www.aps.org. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115320 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 735VD UT WOS:000288447400005 ER PT J AU Prasad, SK Rao, DSS Sridevi, S Naciri, J Ratna, BR AF Prasad, S. Krishna Rao, D. S. Shankar Sridevi, S. Naciri, Jawad Ratna, B. R. TI Critical behavior of three organosiloxane de Vries-type liquid crystals observed via the dielectric response SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SMECTIC-A PHASE; MEAN-FIELD; TRANSITION; TILT AB Dielectric measurements have been made on three organosiloxane liquid crystal compounds exhibiting a smectic A (SmA) to smectic C* (SmC*) transition, the SmA phase being of the de Vries type. The electroclinic response of the molecules in the de Vries phase of these compounds exhibits a double-peak profile, and is thus different from the conventional chiral SmA phase, a feature explained on the basis of an antiferroelectric (AF) block model (Krishna Prasad et al 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 147802). The differential interactions arising from the different molecular ends of these siloxane-based compounds, which are the basis for the AF block model, can also be expected to enhance the layer translational order. We present x-ray integrated intensity data that show a high (similar to 0.9) translational order in the SmA phase. Dielectric relaxation spectra bring out the fact that the magnitude of the soft mode relaxation parameters is dependent on the number of siloxane groups in the terminal part of the molecule. A range-shrinking analysis of the temperature-dependent dielectric relaxation strength has been carried out, using a power-law expression. The characteristic exponent shows a systematic growth with range shrinking and reaches limiting values comparable to that predicted for the 2D Ising universality class. C1 [Prasad, S. Krishna; Rao, D. S. Shankar; Sridevi, S.] Ctr Soft Matter Res, Bangalore 560013, Karnataka, India. [Naciri, Jawad; Ratna, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prasad, SK (reprint author), Ctr Soft Matter Res, Bangalore 560013, Karnataka, India. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 16 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 10 AR 105902 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/10/105902 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 729RP UT WOS:000287968700018 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Miller, GA AF Cranch, G. A. Miller, G. A. TI Fundamental frequency noise properties of extended cavity erbium fiber lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS AB A multimode linear cavity and a single-mode unidirectional ring cavity fiber laser with meter-long cavity lengths are shown to exhibit frequency noise limited by fundamental thermodynamic noise from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. Their measured spectra agree closely with theoretically derived thermodynamic noise and the characteristic dependence of the frequency noise power spectrum on the inverse of the cavity length is observed. The unidirectional ring laser exhibits a frequency noise of 2 Hz/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz, one of the lowest published values to date from a free-running laser. The multimode linear cavity laser is shown to be a suitable candidate for thermal-noise-limited, meter-long fiber laser strain sensors with a strain resolution of 14 f epsilon/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz. C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Miller, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 6 BP 906 EP 908 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000906 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 734GO UT WOS:000288322800044 PM 21403724 ER PT J AU Ganesan, A Crum-Cianflone, N Higgins, J Qin, J Rehm, C Metcalf, J Brandt, C Vita, J Decker, CF Sklar, P Bavaro, M Tasker, S Follmann, D Maldarelli, F AF Ganesan, Anuradha Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Higgins, Jeanette Qin, Jing Rehm, Catherine Metcalf, Julia Brandt, Carolyn Vita, Jean Decker, Catherine F. Sklar, Peter Bavaro, Mary Tasker, Sybil Follmann, Dean Maldarelli, Frank TI High Dose Atorvastatin Decreases Cellular Markers of Immune Activation Without Affecting HIV-1 RNA Levels: Results of a Double-blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; T-CELLS; HUMAN PLASMA; IN-VIVO; STATINS; VIRUS; INFECTION; REPLICATION AB Background. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) exhibit antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro and may modulate the immune response to HIV infection. Studies evaluating the antiviral activity of statins have yielded conflicting results. Methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on HIV-1 RNA (primary objective) and cellular markers of immune activation (secondary objective). HIV-infected individuals not receiving antiretroviral therapy were randomized to receive either 8 weeks of atorvastatin (80 mg) or placebo daily. After a 4-6 week washout phase, participants switched treatment assignments. The study had 80% power to detect a 0.3 log(10) decrease in HIV-1 RNA level. Expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was used to measure immune activation. Results. Of 24 randomized participants, 22 completed the study. Although HIV-1 RNA level was unaffected by the intervention (-0.13 log(10) copies/mL; P = .85), atorvastatin use resulted in reductions in circulating proportions of CD4(+) HLA-DR(+) (-2.5%; P = .02), CD8(+) HLA-DR(+) (-5%; P = .006), and CD8(+) HLA-DR(+) CD38(+) T cells (-3%; P = .03). Reductions in immune activation did not correlate with declines in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions. Short-term use of atorvastatin was associated with modest but statistically significant reductions in the proportion of activated T lymphocytes. C1 [Ganesan, Anuradha; Vita, Jean; Decker, Catherine F.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infectious Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Brandt, Carolyn; Bavaro, Mary] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. [Higgins, Jeanette] Natl Canc Inst Frederick, AIDS Monitoring Lab, Clin Serv Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp Frederick Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Metcalf, Julia] NIAID, Biostat Res Branch, Clin Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rehm, Catherine] NIAID, Clin Res Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sklar, Peter] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sklar, Peter] Merck Res Labs, N Wales, PA USA. [Tasker, Sybil] Pharmaceut Prod Dev Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. [Maldarelli, Frank] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Ganesan, A (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 5,Room 240, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM anuradha.ganesan@med.navy.mil FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP); DoD through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [IDCRP-015]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [Y1-AI-5072]; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [NO1-CO-12400]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a DoD program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (grant IDCRP-015); with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072; with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract no. NO1-CO-12400; and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 49 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 203 IS 6 BP 756 EP 764 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiq115 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 726RB UT WOS:000287742700003 PM 21325137 ER PT J AU Schermer, RT Bucholtz, F Villarruel, CA AF Schermer, Ross T. Bucholtz, Frank Villarruel, Carl A. TI Continuously-tunable microwave photonic true-time-delay based on a fiber-coupled beam deflector and diffraction grating SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LINE; NETWORKS AB This paper reports the demonstration of a continuously-tunable true-time delay line for microwave photonics and optical communications capable of high-resolution phase control throughout the 1-100 GHz modulation range. A fiber-coupled device is demonstrated with 75 ps of continuous delay tuning range, 3 dB optical insertion loss, and minimal RF amplitude and phase variation over the 4-18 GHz band. Measured delay ripple was less than 0.2 ps. Theoretical analysis is also presented which indicates scalability to delay tuning ranges over 1000 ps and modulation bandwidths over 10 THz. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Schermer, Ross T.; Bucholtz, Frank; Villarruel, Carl A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schermer, RT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ross.schermer@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 5371 EP 5378 DI 10.1364/OE.19.005371 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NV UT WOS:000288871300074 PM 21445175 ER PT J AU Tyack, PL Zimmer, WMX Moretti, D Southall, BL Claridge, DE Durban, JW Clark, CW D'Amico, A DiMarzio, N Jarvis, S McCarthy, E Morrissey, R Ward, J Boyd, IL AF Tyack, Peter L. Zimmer, Walter M. X. Moretti, David Southall, Brandon L. Claridge, Diane E. Durban, John W. Clark, Christopher W. D'Amico, Angela DiMarzio, Nancy Jarvis, Susan McCarthy, Elena Morrissey, Ronald Ward, Jessica Boyd, Ian L. TI Beaked Whales Respond to Simulated and Actual Navy Sonar SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-EUROPAEUS; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; NOISE; BEHAVIOR; ECHOLOCATION; SEA AB Beaked whales have mass stranded during some naval sonar exercises, but the cause is unknown. They are difficult to sight but can reliably be detected by listening for echolocation clicks produced during deep foraging dives. Listening for these clicks, we documented Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, in a naval underwater range where sonars are in regular use near Andros Island, Bahamas. An array of bottom-mounted hydrophones can detect beaked whales when they click anywhere within the range. We used two complementary methods to investigate behavioral responses of beaked whales to sonar: an opportunistic approach that monitored whale responses to multi-day naval exercises involving tactical mid-frequency sonars, and an experimental approach using playbacks of simulated sonar and control sounds to whales tagged with a device that records sound, movement, and orientation. Here we show that in both exposure conditions beaked whales stopped echolocating during deep foraging dives and moved away. During actual sonar exercises, beaked whales were primarily detected near the periphery of the range, on average 16 km away from the sonar transmissions. Once the exercise stopped, beaked whales gradually filled in the center of the range over 2-3 days. A satellite tagged whale moved outside the range during an exercise, returning over 2-3 days post-exercise. The experimental approach used tags to measure acoustic exposure and behavioral reactions of beaked whales to one controlled exposure each of simulated military sonar, killer whale calls, and band-limited noise. The beaked whales reacted to these three sound playbacks at sound pressure levels below 142 dB re 1 mu Pa by stopping echolocation followed by unusually long and slow ascents from their foraging dives. The combined results indicate similar disruption of foraging behavior and avoidance by beaked whales in the two different contexts, at exposures well below those used by regulators to define disturbance. C1 [Tyack, Peter L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zimmer, Walter M. X.] N Atlantic Treaty Org Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Moretti, David; DiMarzio, Nancy; Jarvis, Susan; McCarthy, Elena; Morrissey, Ronald; Ward, Jessica] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates, Aptos, CA USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Claridge, Diane E.] Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas. [Durban, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [D'Amico, Angela] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA USA. [Boyd, Ian L.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Tyack, PL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ptyack@whoi.edu RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013 OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790 FU United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990]; U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SI-1539]; Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy; U.S. Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; International Association of Oil and Gas Producers; U.S. Navy FX The research reported here was financially supported by the United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research (www.onr.navy.mil) Grants N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990; the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (www.serdp.org) Grant SI-1539, the Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy (http://www.navy.mil/local/n45/), the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology) (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/), and the Joint Industry Program on Sound and Marine Life of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (www.soundandmarinelife.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; While the sponsors of this study come from an international mix of sound producers and a United States regulatory agency, the majority of funding for the research reported here comes from different divisions of the U.S. Navy, and all of the authors have had at least some of the research reported here partially funded by different divisions of the U.S. Navy. The following authors are employed by the U.S. Navy: David Moretti, Angela D'Amico, Nancy DiMarzio, Susan Jarvis, Elena McCarthy, Ronald Morrissey, and Jessica Ward. Their primary involvement was in designing, installing, and helping to operate the passive acoustic marine mammal monitoring system at the AUTEC range; providing the sound sources used in the experiments; and with analyzing and writing up the data. During the time period covered by this research the following authors were employed by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which acts as the federal regulatory agency for protection of marine mammals: Brandon Southall and John Durban. The following authors have been asked by the U.S. Department of Justice to act as expert witnesses in cases involving the effects of naval sonar on marine mammals: Christopher Clark, Brandon Southall, and Peter Tyack. Peter Tyack is a member of Natural Resources Defense Council, which is an advocacy organization that has sued the Navy concerning effects of sonar on marine mammals. None of the analysis nor write up of the paper involved or was influenced by the sponsors of the research. NR 37 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 12 U2 154 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17009 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017009 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 736RS UT WOS:000288512400008 PM 21423729 ER PT J AU Ortenzi, L Biermann, S Andersen, OK Mazin, II Boeri, L AF Ortenzi, Luciano Biermann, Silke Andersen, Ole Krogh Mazin, I. I. Boeri, Lilia TI Competition between electron-phonon coupling and spin fluctuations in superconducting hole-doped CuBiSO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; BIOCUS AB CuBiSO is a band insulator that becomes metallic upon hole doping. Superconductivity was recently reported in doped Cu(1-x)BiSO and attributed to spin fluctuations as the pairing mechanism. Based on first-principles calculations of the electron-phonon coupling, we argue that the latter is very strong in this material, and probably drives superconductivity. The critical temperature is, however, strongly depressed by the proximity to magnetism. Thus Cu(1-x)BiSO is a quite unique compound where both a conventional phonon-driven and an unconventional triplet superconductivity are possible, and compete with each other. We argue that, in this material, it may be possible to switch from conventional to unconventional superconductivity by varying such parameters as doping or pressure. C1 [Ortenzi, Luciano; Andersen, Ole Krogh; Boeri, Lilia] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Biermann, Silke] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, UMR7644, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Biermann, Silke] CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ortenzi, L (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Biermann, Silke/D-5603-2013; Boeri, Lilia/B-6162-2015 OI Biermann, Silke/0000-0002-3884-0385; Boeri, Lilia/0000-0003-1186-2207 FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]; French ANR; IDRIS/GENCI [101393] FX The authors would like to thank D. J. Scalapino, D. van der Marel, and E. Giannini for useful discussions, and M. Calandra for help in developing the rigid-band routine. O.K.A. and S. B. acknowledge also the hospitality of KITP Santa Barbara, where this work was started. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164, the French ANR under the Correlmat project, and IDRIS/GENCI under Project No. 101393. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 11 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 AR 100505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.100505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 733DU UT WOS:000288242400002 ER PT J AU Patnaude, DJ Vink, J Laming, JM Fesen, RA AF Patnaude, Daniel J. Vink, Jacco Laming, J. Martin Fesen, Robert A. TI A DECLINE IN THE NONTHERMAL X-RAY EMISSION FROM CASSIOPEIA A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; ISM: individual objects (Cassiopeia A); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SHOCK-WAVES; COSMIC-RAYS; SHELL; AMPLIFICATION; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY AB We present new Chandra ACIS-S3 observations of Cassiopeia A which, when combined with earlier ACIS-S3 observations, show evidence for a steady similar to 1.5%-2% yr(-1) decline in the 4.2-6.0 keV X-ray emission between the years 2000 and 2010. The computed flux from exposure corrected images over the entire remnant showed a 17% decline over the entire remnant and a slightly larger (21%) decline from regions along the remnant's western limb. Spectral fits of the 4.2-6.0 keV emission across the entire remnant, forward shock filaments, and interior filaments indicate that the remnant's nonthermal spectral power-law index has steepened by about 10%, with interior filaments having steeper power-law indices. Since TeV electrons, which give rise to the observed X-ray synchrotron emission, are associated with the exponential cutoff portion of the electron distribution function, we have related our results to a change in the cutoff energy and conclude that the observed decline and steepening of the nonthermal X-ray emission is consistent with a deceleration of the remnant's similar or equal to 5000 km s(-1) forward shock of approximate to 30-70 km s(-1) yr(-1). C1 [Patnaude, Daniel J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vink, Jacco] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Laming, J. Martin] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fesen, Robert A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Patnaude, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Chandra GO program [GO0-11094X]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO) FX We thank Alexey Vikhlinin and Paul Plucinsky for useful discussions regarding the stability of the Chandra ACIS-S3 quantum efficiency. D.J.P. acknowledges support from the Chandra GO program through grant GO0-11094X as well as support from NASA contract NAS8-03060. J.V. is supported by a Vidi grant from the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO). NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 2 AR L28 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/729/2/L28 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 797KG UT WOS:000293124700014 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Asano, K Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chaplin, V Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD De Angelis, A De Palma, F Dingus, BL Silva, EDCE Drell, PS Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Goldstein, A Granot, J Greiner, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kouveliotou, C Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McBreen, S McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Mehault, J Meszaros, P Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakajima, H Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nishino, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Porter, TA Preece, R Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Rau, A Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Reyes, LC Ripken, J Ritz, S Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Scargle, JD Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Tanaka, Y Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Tibaldo, L Tierney, D Toma, K Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Wilson-Hodge, C Winer, BL Wood, KS Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Asano, K. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, O. Chaplin, V. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. De Angelis, A. De Palma, F. Dingus, B. L. Silva, E. Do Couto E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Goldstein, A. Granot, J. Greiner, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kouveliotou, C. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McBreen, S. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Mehault, J. Meszaros, P. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakajima, H. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nishino, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Rau, A. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Reyes, L. C. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, Y. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Tibaldo, L. Tierney, D. Toma, K. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wilson-Hodge, C. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI DETECTION OF A SPECTRAL BREAK IN THE EXTRA HARD COMPONENT OF GRB 090926A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 090926A) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FERMI OBSERVATIONS; LORENTZ FACTOR; GEV EMISSION; AFTERGLOW; SWIFT; 080916C; IDENTIFICATION; RADIATION AB We report on the observation of the bright, long gamma-ray burst, GRB 090926A, by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. GRB 090926A shares several features with other bright LAT bursts. In particular, it clearly shows a short spike in the light curve that is present in all detectors that see the burst, and this in turn suggests that there is a common region of emission across the entire Fermi energy range. In addition, while a separate high-energy power-law component has already been observed in other gamma-ray bursts, here we report for the first time the detection with good significance of a high-energy spectral break (or cutoff) in this power-law component around 1.4 GeV in the time-integrated spectrum. If the spectral break is caused by opacity to electron-positron pair production within the source, then this observation allows us to compute the bulk Lorentz factor for the outflow, rather than a lower limit. C1 [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Goldstein, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Preece, R.; Razzano, M.; Takahashi, H.; Toma, K.; Uehara, T.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Brez, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Silva, E. Do Couto E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Silva, E. Do Couto E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Moretti, E.; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.] Univ Paris 06, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Lubrano, P.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Chaplin, V.; Connaughton, V.; Goldstein, A.; Guiriec, S.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Greiner, J.; McBreen, S.; Orlando, E.; Rau, A.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, O.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Racusin, J. L.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, O.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [De Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [De Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dingus, B. L.; Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Nishino, S.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kouveliotou, C.; van der Horst, A. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [McBreen, S.; Tierney, D.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGlynn, S.; Moretti, E.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Meegan, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Meszaros, P.; Toma, K.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nakajima, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.; Tanaka, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] Joint Ctr Particle Nucl Phys & Cosmol J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Yamazaki, R.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] KA Wallenberg Fdn, Stockholm, Sweden. [Tibaldo, L.] IDAPP, Knoxville, TN 37930 USA. [van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Bregeon, J (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM amg0005@uah.edu; johan.bregeon@pi.infn.it; Rob.Preece@nasa.gov; hirotaka@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; toma@astro.psu.edu; uehara@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; OI Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; NASA; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI; INFN in Italy; MEXT; KEK; JAXA in Japan; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; We thank R. Mochkovitch for useful discussions. The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges support for GBM development, operations, and data analysis from NASA in the US and BMWi/DLR in Germany. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 58 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 2 AR 114 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/114 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 737ZI UT WOS:000288608700037 ER PT J AU Kruger, AJ Richter, MJ Carr, JS Najita, JR Doppmann, GW Seifahrt, A AF Kruger, Andrew J. Richter, Matthew J. Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. Doppmann, Greg W. Seifahrt, Andreas TI GAS AND DUST TOWARD DG Tau B AND VV CrA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM: abundances; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (DG Tau B, VV CrA); stars: pre-main sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPITZER IRS SPECTRA; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; LINE EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB We present findings for DG Tau B and VV CrA, two of the objects observed in our Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) project to search for molecular absorption in edge-on disks, along with near-IR spectroscopy of the CO fundamental transitions and mid-IR imaging. While the only gas absorption seen in the Spitzer IRS spectrum toward DG Tau B is CO2, we use gas abundances and gas/ice ratios to argue that we are probing regions of the disk that have low organic molecule abundances. This implies that the rarity of detecting molecular absorption toward even edge-on disks with Spitzer IRS is a result of high dependence on the line of sight. We also argue that the disk around DG Tau B shows high amounts of grain growth and settling. For VV CrA, we use the silicate absorption feature to estimate a dust extinction, and model the disk with a spectral energy distribution fitting tool to give evidence in support of the disk geometry presented by Smith et al. where the primary disk is the main source of extinction toward the infrared companion. C1 [Kruger, Andrew J.; Richter, Matthew J.; Seifahrt, Andreas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.; Doppmann, Greg W.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kruger, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU National Science Foundation [AST-0708074]; NASA [1346810]; W.M. Keck Foundation FX We would like to thank Thomas Robitaille, Thorsten Ratzka, John Lacy, and the anonymous reviewer for their constructive help, comments, and suggestions. Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-0708074, and by NASA through contract RSA No. 1346810, issued by JPL/Caltech. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, Gemini Observatory, and W.M. Keck Observatory. The Spitzer Space Telescope is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). The W.M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/145 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 737ZI UT WOS:000288608700068 ER PT J AU Maeda, K Kataoka, J Nakamori, T Stawarz, L Makiya, R Totani, T Cheung, CC Donato, D Gehrels, N Parkinson, PS Kanai, Y Kawai, N Tanaka, Y Sato, R Takahashi, T Takahashi, Y AF Maeda, K. Kataoka, J. Nakamori, T. Stawarz, L. Makiya, R. Totani, T. Cheung, C. C. Donato, D. Gehrels, N. Parkinson, P. Saz Kanai, Y. Kawai, N. Tanaka, Y. Sato, R. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, Y. TI UNRAVELING THE NATURE OF UNIDENTIFIED HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDE FERMI/LAT GAMMA-RAY SOURCES WITH SUZAKU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; RADIO GALAXY; SOURCE 3EG; SPACE-TELESCOPE; PSR J2021+3651; EGRET SOURCES; SOURCE LIST; EMISSION; CATALOG AB Here we report on the results of deep X-ray follow-up observations of four unidentified gamma-ray sources detected by the Fermi/LAT instrument at high Galactic latitudes using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers on board the Suzaku satellite. All of the studied objects were detected with high significance during the first three months of Fermi/LAT operation and subsequently better localized in the first Fermi/LAT catalog (1FGL). For some of them, possible associations with pulsars and active galaxies have subsequently been discussed, and our observations provide an important contribution to this debate. In particular, a bright X-ray point source has been found within the 95% confidence error circle of 1FGL J1231.1-1410. The X-ray spectrum of the discovered Suzaku counterpart of 1FGL J1231.1-1410 is well fitted by a blackbody with an additional power-law component. This supports the recently claimed identification of this source with a millisecond pulsar PSR J1231-1411. For the remaining three Fermi objects, on the other hand, the X-ray observations performed are less conclusive. In the case of 1FGL J1311.7-3429, two bright X-ray point sources were found within the LAT 95% error circle. Even though the X-ray spectral and variability properties for these sources were robustly assessed, their physical nature and relationship with the gamma-ray source remain uncertain. Similarly, we found several weak X-ray sources in the field of 1FGL J1333.2+5056, one coinciding with the high-redshift blazar CLASS J1333+5057. We argue that the available data are consistent with the physical association between these two objects, although the large positional uncertainty of the gamma-ray source hinders a robust identification. Finally, we have detected an X-ray point source in the vicinity of 1FGL J2017.3+0603. This Fermi object was recently suggested to be associated with a newly discovered millisecond radio pulsar PSR J2017+0603, because of the spatial coincidence and the detection of the gamma-ray pulsations in the light curve of 1FGL J2017.3+0603. Interestingly, we have detected the X-ray counterpart of the high-redshift blazar CLASS J2017+0603, located within the error circle of the gamma-ray source, while we were only able to determine an X-ray flux upper limit at the pulsar position. All in all, our studies indicate that while a significant fraction of unidentified high Galactic latitude gamma-ray sources is related to the pulsar and blazar phenomena, associations with other classes of astrophysical objects are still valid options. C1 [Maeda, K.; Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.; Takahashi, Y.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Tanaka, Y.; Sato, R.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525510, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Makiya, R.; Totani, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Cheung, C. C.] NRC Res Associate, Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Donato, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parkinson, P. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kanai, Y.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Maeda, K (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM ko-t.maeda.x-6@ruri.waseda.jp RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU Polish MNiSW [N-N203-380336] FX L.S. is grateful for the support from Polish MNiSW through grant N-N203-380336. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 729 IS 2 AR 103 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/103 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 737ZI UT WOS:000288608700026 ER PT J AU Bagui, M Dutta, T Chakraborty, S Melinger, JS Zhong, HZ Keightey, A Peng, ZH AF Bagui, Mahuya Dutta, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Sanjiban Melinger, Joseph S. Zhong, Haizhen Keightey, Andrew Peng, Zhonghua TI Synthesis and Optical Properties of Triphenylene-Based Dendritic Donor Perylene Diimide Acceptor Systems SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT-HARVESTING DENDRIMERS; DISCOTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATES; BISIMIDE DYES; METALLOSUPRAMOLECULAR SQUARES AB A donor-acceptor charge transfer system based on two discotic mesogens has been synthesized. The donor is either a triphenylene (POG0) or a triphenylene-based conjugated dendron (POG1), while the acceptor is a perylene diimide (PDI) core. The donors are covalently linked to the bay positions of the PDI core through an ether linkage. In chloroform, due to the short donor-acceptor distance and the matching frontier orbital levels, photoinduced charge transfer from either the donor excitation or the acceptor excitation are both thermodynamically and kinetically favored, resulting in efficient quenching of both donor and acceptor fluorescence. In a less polar solvent, hexane, while charge transfer is still the dominant mechanism for decay of the excited electronic state of POG1, photo induced charge transfer is no longer energetically favorable for POG0 when the acceptor PDI core is excited, making the PDI core of POG0 weakly fluorescent in chloroform but strongly so in hexane. In solid film, POGO is highly aggregated through both PDI-PDI and triphenylene-triphenylene homotopic stacking. POG1, on the other hand, aggregates through triphenylene dendrons with limited PDI-PDI core stacking, presumably due to the steric hindrance caused by bulky triphenylene moieties which block the access to the PDI core. The efficient photoinduced charge transfer, coupled with the homotopic stacking that forms separated electron-transporting PDI-stacked columns and hole transporting triphenylene-stacked columns, suggests that the reported donor-acceptor systems based on dual-discotic mesogens are potentially new efficient photovoltaic materials. C1 [Bagui, Mahuya; Dutta, Tanmoy; Chakraborty, Sanjiban; Peng, Zhonghua] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhong, Haizhen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68162 USA. [Keightey, Andrew] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Peng, ZH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RI Dutta, Tanmoy/B-4813-2013; OI Dutta, Tanmoy/0000-0002-7597-9028 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0804158]; Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0476] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR 0804158) and the Army Research Office (W911NF-10-1-0476). We thank Dr. Yi Liu for his help with some of the molecular modeling studies. NR 118 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 9 BP 1579 EP 1592 DI 10.1021/jp1085334 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 727WF UT WOS:000287832900013 PM 21309552 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Kozlovsky, B Share, GH AF Murphy, R. J. Kozlovsky, B. Share, G. H. TI Nuclear cross sections for gamma ray deexcitation line production by secondary neutrons in the Earth's atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATED-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; FLARE; RADIATION; EMISSION AB Interactions of galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere produce secondary neutrons. Secondary neutrons with energies greater than a few MeV interact with atmospheric nuclei and produce gamma ray lines. The relative intensities of these lines depend on the shape of the neutron energy spectrum, and so their measurement with satellite detectors provides neutron spectral information complementary to direct observation. Reliable interpretation of such line measurements requires accurate knowledge of the production cross sections. Because the atmospheric neutron spectrum at these energies is very hard (falling by less than a factor of 10 from 10 to 100 MeV), higher-energy neutrons contribute significantly to line production. Knowledge of the cross sections at these higher energies is critical for accurate line yield predictions. In this paper we evaluate and present the most important cross sections for deexcitation line production by neutron interactions with the Earth's atmosphere, with emphasis on extending them to higher neutron energies, using both laboratory measurements and the nuclear reaction code TALYS to obtain the cross sections from a few to > 200 MeV. Using these cross sections, we also demonstrate the sensitivity of gamma ray line ratios for providing information about the similar to 1-200 MeV atmospheric neutron spectrum. C1 [Murphy, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kozlovsky, B.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Share, G. H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM murphy@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil FU NASA DPR [NNH06AD55I]; Office of Naval Research; Israeli Science Foundation FX We are grateful to A. J. Koning for development of the powerful nuclear reaction code TALYS, his help in using the code, and his willingness to answer our questions concerning nuclear physics. This work was supported by NASA DPR NNH06AD55I and the Office of Naval Research. B. Kozlovsky acknowledges the Israeli Science Foundation for support. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03308 DI 10.1029/2010JA015820 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734JR UT WOS:000288330900001 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Casalini, R Bogoslovov, RB Robertson, CG Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Casalini, R. Bogoslovov, R. B. Robertson, C. G. Roland, C. M. TI Dynamic Heterogeneity and Density Scaling in 1,4-Polyisoprene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; COOPERATIVELY REARRANGING REGIONS; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; POLYMER MELTS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CIS-POLYISOPRENE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY AB Dielectric relaxation times were measured for 1,4-polyisoprenes (PI) of different molecular weight. From the data, the number of dynamically correlated segments, N-c, was calculated using an approximation to the dynamic susceptibility. N-c increases with approach to the glass transition in the usual fashion and also increases with increasing molecular weight of the PI. The latter effect is ascribed to the loss of the configurational mobility conferred by the chain ends. The correlation volume was also estimated from calorimetry and, because PI has a dielectrically active normal mode, from the intersection of the extrapolated segmental and normal mode relaxation times. The three methods yield consistent results, although the last has large uncertainty due to the ambiguous connection between dynamic correlation lengths and volumes. Using the equation of state for the polymers, the dependence of the relaxation times on the scaling variable TV, where V is specific volume and gamma is a material constant, was calculated. For the lowest molecular weight PI, there is a small difference in gamma for the segmental and chain modes. The scaling exponent is also marginally smaller for the lower molecular weight sample, suggesting, in contrast with the behavior of other polymers, that in PI the volume dependence becomes weaker with decreasing molecular weight. C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Casalini, R.; Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bogoslovov, R. B.] Enterprise Sci Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Robertson, C. G.] Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012; Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429; FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; American Society for Engineering Education FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. D.F. and R.B. acknowledge postdoctoral fellowships from the National Research Council and the American Society for Engineering Education, respectively. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1155 DI 10.1021/ma102795w PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 727BV UT WOS:000287773200007 ER PT J AU Caballero-Flores, R Franco, V Conde, A Knipling, KE Willard, MA AF Caballero-Flores, R. Franco, V. Conde, A. Knipling, K. E. Willard, M. A. TI Optimization of the refrigerant capacity in multiphase magnetocaloric materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; TEMPERATURE; ENTROPY AB The refrigerant capacity (RC) of magnetocaloric materials can be enhanced using multiphase materials or composites, which expand the temperature range over which a significant magnetic entropy change can be obtained. Numerical simulations show that by controlling the parameters of the composite (the fraction of the different phases and their Curie temperatures) improvements of RC of similar to 83% are possible. The maximum applied field plays a crucial, nonmonotonic, role in the optimization. As a proof of concept, it is shown that the combination of two Fe(88-2x)Co(x)Ni(x)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) alloys produces an enhancement in RC of similar to 37%, making it similar to 92% larger than that of Gd(5)Si(2)Ge(1.9)Fe(0.1). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3560445] C1 [Caballero-Flores, R.; Franco, V.; Conde, A.] Univ Seville, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, ICMSE CSIC, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Knipling, K. E.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caballero-Flores, R (reprint author), Univ Seville, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, ICMSE CSIC, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM vfranco@us.es RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Franco, Victorino/B-8982-2008; Conde, Alejandro/A-8115-2013 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Franco, Victorino/0000-0003-3028-6815; Conde, Alejandro/0000-0002-1067-2754 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; EU [2010-20537]; PAI of the Regional Government of Andalucia; United States Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX30490]; Regional Government of Andalucia FX This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and EU FEDER (Project MAT under Project No. 2010-20537), the PAI of the Regional Government of Andalucia, and by the United States Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N0001410WX30490). R.C.F. acknowledges a research fellowship from the Regional Government of Andalucia. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 10 AR 102505 DI 10.1063/1.3560445 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 733QH UT WOS:000288277200044 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Terrill, EJ Cornuelle, BD Jones, B Washburn, L Moline, MA Paduan, JD Garfield, N Largier, JL Crawford, G Kosro, PM AF Kim, Sung Yong Terrill, Eric J. Cornuelle, Bruce D. Jones, Burt Washburn, Libe Moline, Mark A. Paduan, Jeffrey D. Garfield, Newell Largier, John L. Crawford, Greg Kosro, P. Michael TI Mapping the U.S. West Coast surface circulation: A multiyear analysis of high-frequency radar observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS; OCEAN DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; TRAPPED WAVE THEORY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-LEVEL; HF RADAR; TIDAL CURRENTS; NORTH-AMERICA AB The nearly completed U. S. West Coast (USWC) high-frequency radar (HFR) network provides an unprecedented capability to monitor and understand coastal ocean dynamics and phenomenology through hourly surface current measurements at up to 1 km resolution. The dynamics of the surface currents off the USWC are governed by tides, winds, Coriolis force, low-frequency pressure gradients (less than 0.4 cycles per day (cpd)), and nonlinear interactions of those forces. Alongshore surface currents show poleward propagating signals with phase speeds of O(10) and O(100 to 300) km day(-1) and time scales of 2 to 3 weeks. The signals with slow phase speed are only observed in southern California. It is hypothesized that they are scattered and reflected by shoreline curvature and bathymetry change and do not penetrate north of Point Conception. The seasonal transition of alongshore surface circulation forced by upwelling-favorable winds and their relaxation is captured in fine detail. Submesoscale eddies, identified using flow geometry, have Rossby numbers of 0.1 to 3, diameters in the range of 10 to 60 km, and persistence for 2 to 12 days. The HFR surface currents resolve coastal surface ocean variability continuously across scales from submesoscale to mesoscale (O(1) km to O(1000) km). Their spectra decay with k(-2) at high wave number (less than 100 km) in agreement with theoretical submesoscale spectra below the observational limits of present-day satellite altimeters. C1 [Kim, Sung Yong; Terrill, Eric J.; Cornuelle, Bruce D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jones, Burt] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Washburn, Libe] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Crawford, Greg] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM syongkim@mpl.ucsd.edu RI Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Crawford, Gregory/G-3661-2016; OI Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Crawford, Gregory/0000-0003-3194-4576; Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558; Cornuelle, Bruce/0000-0003-2110-3319 FU State of California; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; USWC IOOS regional observing systems (SCCOOS, CeNCOOS, and NANOOS); CNES FX The authors thank the State of California for the funding of the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP), which established statewide current monitoring infrastructure; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their continued support of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS); and, in particular, the leadership of Jack Harlan at NOAA in the establishment of a national HFR program; as well as the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and Office of Naval Research for early support of the development and use of HFR for ocean research. Data from this report originate from the following universities and research organizations on the USWC: Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at University of California, San Diego; University of Southern California; Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara; California Polytechnic State University; Naval Postgraduate School; Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State University; Humboldt State University; Bodega Marine Laboratory at University of California, Davis; Oregon State University. The three USWC IOOS regional observing systems (SCCOOS, CeNCOOS, and NANOOS) are acknowledged for their continued support and advocacy of HFR current measurements for monitoring the oceans. The coastal wind data and in situ ADCPs were provided by National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVI-SO with support from CNES. The local mooring data are provided by Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD), Point Loma Ocean Outfall (PLOO), and International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC). Special thanks to Coastal Ocean Observing and Development Center (CORDC, http://www.cordc.ucsd.edu/) staff and Aurelien Ponte at SIO. The order of coauthors is assigned geographically. NR 71 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C03011 DI 10.1029/2010JC006669 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 731ES UT WOS:000288089700008 ER PT J AU Burke, RL Vest, KG Eick, AA Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Pavlin, JA Jarman, RG Mothershead, JL Quintana, M Palys, T Cooper, MJ Guan, J Schnabel, D Waitumbi, J Wilma, A Daniels, C Brown, ML Tobias, S Kasper, MR Williams, M Tjaden, JA Oyofo, B Styles, T Blair, PJ Hawksworth, A Montgomery, JM Razuri, H Laguna-Torres, A Schoepp, RJ Norwood, DA MacIntosh, VH Gibbons, T Gray, GC Blazes, DL Russell, KL AF Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Eick, Angelia A. Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Pavlin, Julie A. Jarman, Richard G. Mothershead, Jerry L. Quintana, Miguel Palys, Thomas Cooper, Michael J. Guan, Jian Schnabel, David Waitumbi, John Wilma, Alisa Daniels, Candelaria Brown, Matthew L. Tobias, Steven Kasper, Matthew R. Williams, Maya Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Oyofo, Buhari Styles, Timothy Blair, Patrick J. Hawksworth, Anthony Montgomery, Joel M. Razuri, Hugo Laguna-Torres, Alberto Schoepp, Randal J. Norwood, David A. MacIntosh, Victor H. Gibbons, Thomas Gray, Gregory C. Blazes, David L. Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Influenza Surveillance TI Department of Defense influenza and other respiratory disease surveillance during the 2009 pandemic SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PERSONNEL AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supports and oversees surveillance for emerging infectious diseases, including respiratory diseases, of importance to the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD). AFHSC-GEIS accomplishes this mission by providing funding and oversight to a global network of partners for respiratory disease surveillance. This report details the system's surveillance activities during 2009, with a focus on efforts in responding to the novel H1N1 Influenza A (A/H1N1) pandemic and contributions to global public health. Active surveillance networks established by AFHSC-GEIS partners resulted in the initial detection of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the U. S. and several other countries, and viruses isolated from these activities were used as seed strains for the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine. Partners also provided diagnostic laboratory training and capacity building to host nations to assist with the novel A/H1N1 pandemic global response, adapted a Food and Drug Administration-approved assay for use on a ruggedized polymerase chain reaction platform for diagnosing novel A/H1N1 in remote settings, and provided estimates of seasonal vaccine effectiveness against novel A/H1N1 illness. Regular reporting of the system's worldwide surveillance findings to the global public health community enabled leaders to make informed decisions on disease mitigation measures and controls for the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. AFHSC-GEIS's support of a global network contributes to DoD's force health protection, while supporting global public health. C1 [Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Eick, Angelia A.; Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Blazes, David L.; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.; Jarman, Richard G.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mothershead, Jerry L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Quintana, Miguel] Publ Hlth Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Palys, Thomas] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Serv, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Cooper, Michael J.] Publ Hlth Reg Europe, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Guan, Jian] Publ Hlth Reg Pacific, Unit 45006, APO, AE USA. [Schnabel, David; Waitumbi, John] Attent MRU, US Embassy, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Wilma, Alisa; Daniels, Candelaria] US Dept Def, Vet Food Anal & Diagnost Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Brown, Matthew L.] USAMEDDAC Korea, Microbiol Sect, Unit 15244, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Tobias, Steven; Kasper, Matthew R.; Williams, Maya] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.; Oyofo, Buhari] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Styles, Timothy] USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.; Hawksworth, Anthony] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Montgomery, Joel M.; Razuri, Hugo; Laguna-Torres, Alberto] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Schoepp, Randal J.; Norwood, David A.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [MacIntosh, Victor H.; Gibbons, Thomas] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Emerging Infect Dis Res Unit, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Influenza Surveillance] Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Buea, Lab Emerging Infect Dis, Buea, Cameroon. Global Viral Proc Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Burke, RL (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Ronald.L.Burke@us.army.mil RI Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S6 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900006 PM 21388566 ER PT J AU Fukuda, MM Klein, TA Kochel, T Quandelacy, TM Smith, BL Villinski, J Bethell, D Tyner, S Se, Y Lon, C Saunders, D Johnson, J Wagar, E Walsh, D Kasper, M Sanchez, JL Witt, CJ Cheng, Q Waters, N Shrestha, SK Pavlin, JA Lescano, AG Graf, PCF Richardson, JH Durand, S Rogers, WO Blazes, DL Russell, KL AF Fukuda, Mark M. Klein, Terry A. Kochel, Tadeusz Quandelacy, Talia M. Smith, Bryan L. Villinski, Jeff Bethell, Delia Tyner, Stuart Se, Youry Lon, Chanthap Saunders, David Johnson, Jacob Wagar, Eric Walsh, Douglas Kasper, Matthew Sanchez, Jose L. Witt, Clara J. Cheng, Qin Waters, Norman Shrestha, Sanjaya K. Pavlin, Julie A. Lescano, Andres G. Graf, Paul C. F. Richardson, Jason H. Durand, Salomon Rogers, William O. Blazes, David L. Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Malaria & Vector Borne TI Malaria and other vector-borne infection surveillance in the US Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance program: review of 2009 accomplishments SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RESISTANT MALARIA; HANTAVIRUS; CAMBODIA; DISEASES; DENGUE; VIRUS; KOREA; COMBINATIONS AB Vector-borne infections (VBI) are defined as infectious diseases transmitted by the bite or mechanical transfer of arthropod vectors. They constitute a significant proportion of the global infectious disease burden. United States (U. S.) Department of Defense (DoD) personnel are especially vulnerable to VBIs due to occupational contact with arthropod vectors, immunological naivete to previously unencountered pathogens, and limited diagnostic and treatment options available in the austere and unstable environments sometimes associated with military operations. In addition to the risk uniquely encountered by military populations, other factors have driven the worldwide emergence of VBIs. Unprecedented levels of global travel, tourism and trade, and blurred lines of demarcation between zoonotic VBI reservoirs and human populations increase vector exposure. Urban growth in previously undeveloped regions and perturbations in global weather patterns also contribute to the rise of VBIs. The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) and its partners at DoD overseas laboratories form a network to better characterize the nature, emergence and growth of VBIs globally. In 2009 the network tested 19,730 specimens from 25 sites for Plasmodium species and malaria drug resistance phenotypes and nearly another 10,000 samples to determine the etiologies of non-Plasmodium species VBIs from regions spanning from Oceania to Africa, South America, and northeast, south and Southeast Asia. This review describes recent VBI-related epidemiological studies conducted by AFHSC-GEIS partner laboratories within the OCONUS DoD laboratory network emphasizing their impact on human populations. C1 [Fukuda, Mark M.; Quandelacy, Talia M.; Sanchez, Jose L.; Witt, Clara J.; Blazes, David L.; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Lescano, Andres G.; Graf, Paul C. F.; Durand, Salomon] Ctr Med Naval CMST, US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment NMRCD, Lima, Peru. [Bethell, Delia; Tyner, Stuart; Se, Youry; Lon, Chanthap; Saunders, David; Shrestha, Sanjaya K.; Pavlin, Julie A.; Richardson, Jason H.] USA, Med Component Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. [Villinski, Jeff; Johnson, Jacob] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, ATTN MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Wagar, Eric; Walsh, Douglas] US Naval Med Res Unit, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Kasper, Matthew; Rogers, William O.] US Embassy, US Navy Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8166, APO, AP 96546 USA. [Cheng, Qin; Waters, Norman] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. [AFHSC-GEIS Malaria & Vector Borne] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fukuda, MM (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 2900 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.m.fukuda@us.army.mil RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Graf, Paul/0000-0002-1094-7498; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660; durand, salomon/0000-0002-5923-8879 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007393, D43 TW007393-06] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S9 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S9 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900009 PM 21388569 ER PT J AU Johns, MC Burke, RL Vest, KG Fukuda, M Pavlin, JA Shrestha, SK Schnabel, DC Tobias, S Tjaden, JA Montgomery, JM Faix, DJ Duffy, MR Cooper, MJ Sanchez, JL Blazes, DL AF Johns, Matthew C. Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Fukuda, Mark Pavlin, Julie A. Shrestha, Sanjaya K. Schnabel, David C. Tobias, Steven Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Montgomery, Joel M. Faix, Dennis J. Duffy, Mark R. Cooper, Michael J. Sanchez, Jose L. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Outbreak Response TI A growing global network's role in outbreak response: AFHSC-GEIS 2008-2009 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID COUNTRIES AB A cornerstone of effective disease surveillance programs comprises the early identification of infectious threats and the subsequent rapid response to prevent further spread. Effectively identifying, tracking and responding to these threats is often difficult and requires international cooperation due to the rapidity with which diseases cross national borders and spread throughout the global community as a result of travel and migration by humans and animals. From Oct. 1, 2008 to Sept. 30, 2009, the United States Department of Defense's (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) identified 76 outbreaks in 53 countries. Emerging infectious disease outbreaks were identified by the global network and included a wide spectrum of support activities in collaboration with host country partners, several of which were in direct support of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005). The network also supported military forces around the world affected by the novel influenza A/H1N1 pandemic of 2009. With IHR (2005) as the guiding framework for action, the AFHSC-GEIS network of international partners and overseas research laboratories continues to develop into a far-reaching system for identifying, analyzing and responding to emerging disease threats. C1 [Johns, Matthew C.; Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Fukuda, Mark; Sanchez, Jose L.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Shrestha, Sanjaya K.] US Embassy, Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Schnabel, David C.] US Embassy, Attn MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment Peru, Lima, Peru. [Faix, Dennis J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Duffy, Mark R.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Cooper, Michael J.; AFHSC-GEIS Outbreak Response] US Publ Hlth Command Provis Publ Hlth Reg Europe, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Johns, MC (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM Matthew.C.Johns@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S3 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900003 PM 21388563 ER PT J AU Meyer, WG Pavlin, JA Hospenthal, D Murray, CK Jerke, K Hawksworth, A Metzgar, D Myers, T Walsh, D Wu, M Ergas, R Chukwuma, U Tobias, S Klena, J Nakhla, I Talaat, M Maves, R Ellis, M Wortmann, G Blazes, DL Lindler, L AF Meyer, William G. Pavlin, Julie A. Hospenthal, Duane Murray, Clinton K. Jerke, Kurt Hawksworth, Anthony Metzgar, David Myers, Todd Walsh, Douglas Wu, Max Ergas, Rosa Chukwuma, Uzo Tobias, Steven Klena, John Nakhla, Isabelle Talaat, Maha Maves, Ryan Ellis, Michael Wortmann, Glenn Blazes, David L. Lindler, Luther TI Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the AFHSC-GEIS network SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID SUSCEPTIBILITIES; LEPTOSPIRA AB International infectious disease surveillance has been conducted by the United States (U. S.) Department of Defense (DoD) for many years and has been consolidated within the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) since 1998. This includes activities that monitor the presence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens. AFHSC-GEIS partners work within DoD military treatment facilities and collaborate with host-nation civilian and military clinics, hospitals and university systems. The goals of these activities are to foster military force health protection and medical diplomacy. Surveillance activities include both community-acquired and health care-associated infections and have promoted the development of surveillance networks, centers of excellence and referral laboratories. Information technology applications have been utilized increasingly to aid in DoD-wide global surveillance for diseases significant to force health protection and global public health. This section documents the accomplishments and activities of the network through AFHSC-GEIS partners in 2009. C1 [Meyer, William G.; Blazes, David L.; Lindler, Luther] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Hospenthal, Duane] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jerke, Kurt] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Hawksworth, Anthony; Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Myers, Todd] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Walsh, Douglas; Wu, Max] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, ATTN MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Ergas, Rosa; Chukwuma, Uzo] USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Ergas, Rosa; Chukwuma, Uzo] Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Klena, John; Nakhla, Isabelle; Talaat, Maha] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Maves, Ryan] Ctr Med Naval CMST, US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Ellis, Michael; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Meyer, WG (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM william.meyer6@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S8 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900008 PM 21388568 ER PT J AU Money, NN Maves, RC Sebeny, P Kasper, MR Riddle, MS AF Money, Nisha N. Maves, Ryan C. Sebeny, Peter Kasper, Matthew R. Riddle, Mark S. CA AFHSC-GEIS Enteric Surveillance TI Enteric disease surveillance under the AFHSC-GEIS: Current efforts, landscape analysis and vision forward SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATES-MILITARY PERSONNEL; OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; NORWALK-LIKE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; EGYPTIAN CHILDREN; ENDURING FREEDOM; US MILITARY AB The mission of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) is to support global public health and to counter infectious disease threats to the United States Armed Forces, including newly identified agents or those increasing in incidence. Enteric diseases are a growing threat to U. S. forces, which must be ready to deploy to austere environments where the risk of exposure to enteropathogens may be significant and where routine prevention efforts may be impractical. In this report, the authors review the recent activities of AFHSC-GEIS partner laboratories in regards to enteric disease surveillance, prevention and response. Each partner identified recent accomplishments, including support for regional networks. AFHSC/GEIS partners also completed a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) survey as part of a landscape analysis of global enteric surveillance efforts. The current strengths of this network include excellent laboratory infrastructure, equipment and personnel that provide the opportunity for high-quality epidemiological studies and test platforms for point-of-care diagnostics. Weaknesses include inconsistent guidance and a splintered reporting system that hampers the comparison of data across regions or longitudinally. The newly chartered Enterics Surveillance Steering Committee (ESSC) is intended to provide clear mission guidance, a structured project review process, and central data management and analysis in support of rationally directed enteric disease surveillance efforts. C1 [Riddle, Mark S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Money, Nisha N.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Maves, Ryan C.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Sebeny, Peter] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Kasper, Matthew R.] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. US Embassy, USAMRU K, Attent MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [AFHSC-GEIS Enteric Surveillance] USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.riddle@med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S7 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S7 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900007 PM 21388567 ER PT J AU Otto, JL Baliga, P Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Gray, GC Grieco, J Lescano, AG Mothershead, JL Wagar, EJ Blazes, DL AF Otto, Jean L. Baliga, Priya Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Gray, Gregory C. Grieco, John Lescano, Andres G. Mothershead, Jerry L. Wagar, Eric J. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Training Writing Grp TI Training initiatives within the AFHSC-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: support for IHR (2005) SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Training is a key component of building capacity for public health surveillance and response, but has often been difficult to quantify. During fiscal 2009, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supported 18 partner organizations in conducting 123 training initiatives in 40 countries for 3,130 U.S. military, civilian and host-country personnel. The training assisted with supporting compliance with International Health Regulations, IHR (2005). Training activities in pandemic preparedness, outbreak investigation and response, emerging infectious disease (EID) surveillance and pathogen diagnostic techniques were expanded significantly. By engaging local health and other government officials and civilian institutions, the U.S. military's role as a key stakeholder in global public health has been strengthened and has contributed to EID-related surveillance, research and capacity-building initiatives specified elsewhere in this issue. Public health and emerging infections surveillance training accomplished by AFHSC-GEIS and its Department of Defense (DoD) partners during fiscal 2009 will be tabulated and described. C1 [Otto, Jean L.; Baliga, Priya; Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Lescano, Andres G.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Mothershead, Jerry L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wagar, Eric J.] Attent MRU, US Embassy, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Project, Influenza Res Programme, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Iowa, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Coralville, IA 52241 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Med Brigade USAMEDDAC Korea, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. Publ Hlth Reg Europe, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Pacific AF, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. Univ Buea, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Fac Sci, Buea, South Western, Cameroon. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Publ Hlth Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Training Writing Grp] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. RP Baliga, P (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM priya.baliga@us.army.mil RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007393, D43 TW007393-06] NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S5 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900005 PM 21388565 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Burke, RL Vest, KG Fukuda, MM Yoon, IK Lon, C Quintana, M Schnabel, DC Pimentel, G Mansour, M Tobias, S Montgomery, JM Gray, GC Saylors, K Ndip, LM Lewis, S Blair, PJ Sjoberg, PA Kuschner, RA Russell, KL Blazes, DL AF Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Fukuda, Mark M. Yoon, In-Kyu Lon, Chanthap Quintana, Miguel Schnabel, David C. Pimentel, Guillermo Mansour, Moustafa Tobias, Steven Montgomery, Joel M. Gray, Gregory C. Saylors, Karen Ndip, Lucy M. Lewis, Sheri Blair, Patrick J. Sjoberg, Paul A. Kuschner, Robert A. Russell, Kevin L. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Capacity Bldg Writing TI Capacity-building efforts by the AFHSC-GEIS program SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID HEALTH; SYSTEM AB Capacity-building initiatives related to public health are defined as developing laboratory infrastructure, strengthening host-country disease surveillance initiatives, transferring technical expertise and training personnel. These initiatives represented a major piece of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) contributions to worldwide emerging infectious disease (EID) surveillance and response. Capacity-building initiatives were undertaken with over 80 local and regional Ministries of Health, Agriculture and Defense, as well as other government entities and institutions worldwide. The efforts supported at least 52 national influenza centers and other country-specific influenza, regional and U.S.-based EID reference laboratories (44 civilian, eight military) in 46 countries worldwide. Equally important, reference testing, laboratory infrastructure and equipment support was provided to over 500 field sites in 74 countries worldwide from October 2008 to September 2009. These activities allowed countries to better meet the milestones of implementation of the 2005 International Health Regulations and complemented many initiatives undertaken by other U.S. government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Department of State. C1 [Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Fukuda, Mark M.; Russell, Kevin L.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fukuda, Mark M.; Yoon, In-Kyu; Lon, Chanthap] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Quintana, Miguel] USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Schnabel, David C.] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Attn MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Pimentel, Guillermo; Mansour, Moustafa] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment Peru, Lima, Peru. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Saylors, Karen] Global Viral Forecasting Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Ndip, Lucy M.] Univ Buea, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Fac Sci, Buea, South Western, Cameroon. [Lewis, Sheri] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Sjoberg, Paul A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Publ Hlth & Prevent Med Dept, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Kuschner, Robert A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Fac Vet Med & Med, Kampala, Uganda. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. PharmAccess Fdn, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Peoples Def Forces, Def Forces Headquarters Med Serv, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. USA, Med Dept Act & Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg Europe, APO, AE 09180 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Capacity Bldg Writing] USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg Pacific, Unit 45006, APO, AP 96343 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Toti.Sanchez@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014; OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586; Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900004 PM 21388564 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Richards, AL Masuoka, PM Foley, DH Buczak, AL Musila, LA Richardson, JH Colacicco-Mayhugh, MG Rueda, LM Klein, TA Anyamba, A Small, J Pavlin, JA Fukuda, MM Gaydos, J Russell, KL AF Witt, Clara J. Richards, Allen L. Masuoka, Penny M. Foley, Desmond H. Buczak, Anna L. Musila, Lillian A. Richardson, Jason H. Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G. Rueda, Leopoldo M. Klein, Terry A. Anyamba, Assaf Small, Jennifer Pavlin, Julie A. Fukuda, Mark M. Gaydos, Joel Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance TI The AFHSC-Division of GEIS Operations Predictive Surveillance Program: a multidisciplinary approach for the early detection and response to disease outbreaks SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID REPUBLIC-OF-KOREA; RIFT-VALLEY; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; BARINGO DISTRICT; UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENYA; HANTAVIRUS AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations (AFHSC-GEIS) initiated a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to link data sets and information derived from eco-climatic remote sensing activities, ecologic niche modeling, arthropod vector, animal disease-host/reservoir, and human disease surveillance for febrile illnesses, into a predictive surveillance program that generates advisories and alerts on emerging infectious disease outbreaks. The program's ultimate goal is pro-active public health practice through pre-event preparedness, prevention and control, and response decision-making and prioritization. This multidisciplinary program is rooted in over 10 years experience in predictive surveillance for Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Eastern Africa. The AFHSC-GEIS Rift Valley fever project is based on the identification and use of disease-emergence critical detection points as reliable signals for increased outbreak risk. The AFHSC-GEIS predictive surveillance program has formalized the Rift Valley fever project into a structured template for extending predictive surveillance capability to other Department of Defense (DoD)-priority vector-and water-borne, and zoonotic diseases and geographic areas. These include leishmaniasis, malaria, and Crimea-Congo and other viral hemorrhagic fevers in Central Asia and Africa, dengue fever in Asia and the Americas, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and chikungunya fever in Asia, and rickettsial and other tick-borne infections in the U. S., Africa and Asia. C1 [Witt, Clara J.; Fukuda, Mark M.; Gaydos, Joel; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Rickettsial Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.; Masuoka, Penny M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Foley, Desmond H.; Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Buczak, Anna L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Musila, Lillian A.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Musila, Lillian A.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Richardson, Jason H.; Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, GIMMS Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Dept Entomol & Vector Borne Dis, Kisumu Unit 8900, APO, AE 09831 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance] Komplek P2M PLP LITBANGKES JI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Naval CEMENA, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM clara.witt@us.army.mil RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S10 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S10 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900010 PM 21388561 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Sheehan, PE AF Gunlycke, Daniel Sheehan, Paul E. TI Local Peeling of Graphene SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gunlycke, Daniel; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6021 BP 1146 EP 1147 DI 10.1126/science.1200779 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729SN UT WOS:000287971200029 PM 21385705 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Tylka, AJ Kozlovsky, B Ryan, JM Gwon, C AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. Tylka, Allan J. Kozlovsky, Benz Ryan, James M. Gwon, Chul TI Physics of solar neutron production: Questionable detection of neutrons from the 31 December 2007 flare SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; CORONAL ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; LINE; SUN AB Spacecraft observations in the inner heliosphere offer the first opportunity to measure 1-10 MeV solar neutrons. We discuss the cross sections for neutron production in solar flares and calculate the escaping neutron spectra for monoenergetic and power law particle spectra at the Sun and at the distance (0.48 AU) and observation angle of MESSENGER at the time of its reported detection of low-energy solar neutrons associated with the 31 December 2007 solar flare. We detail solar physics concerns about this detection: (1) the inferred number of accelerated protons at the Sun for this modest M2 class flare would have been 10 times larger than any flare observed to date, and (2) the implied energy in accelerated ions would have been 50-10(4) times what we would expect based on the observed energy in nonthermal electrons and the energy in the thermal X-ray plasma. We find that there is no compelling evidence for a high electron/proton ratio in the solar energetic particle (SEP) event, raising concerns that the neutron counts came mostly from SEP ion interactions in the spacecraft; this concern is supported by the similarity of the SEP and neutron count rates. The MESSENGER team made detailed calculations of neutron production from SEP protons. However, if interactions < 30 MeV had been included in their calculations and the carbon spacecraft structure were a significant source of secondary neutrons, we estimate that SEP proton and a-particle interactions could account for the observed fast neutron rate. This is due to (13)C that has a 3 MeV proton threshold for neutron production and is exothermic for alpha-particle interactions. C1 [Share, Gerald H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murphy, Ronald J.; Tylka, Allan J.; Gwon, Chul] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kozlovsky, Benz] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM share@astro.umd.edu; ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; benz@wise.tau.ac.il; james.ryan@unh.edu; chul.gwon@nrl.navy.mil RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU NASA [NNX07AO74G]; NASA DPR [NNH06A-D55I] FX We thank Xin-Min Hua for his assistance in improving the low-energy performance of the neutron production code. We appreciate discussions with George Ho concerning the performance of the EPS. We also thank Bill Feldman for a discussion of the NS particle coincidence rates. We especially wish to thank one of the referees for pointing out that the energy of neutron-producing ions would also be expected to be visible in soft X-rays. This work was supported by NASA grant NNX07AO74G to the University of Maryland and NASA DPR NNH06A-D55I to the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03102 DI 10.1029/2010JA015930 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731CR UT WOS:000288084400002 ER PT J AU Kamenkovich, I Radko, T AF Kamenkovich, Igor Radko, Timour TI Role of the Southern Ocean in setting the Atlantic stratification and meridional overturning circulation SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SCALE WATER MASSES; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; HEMISPHERE WINDS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; DRAKE PASSAGE; MODELS; SENSITIVITY; THERMOCLINE; PYCNOCLINE AB This study examines the importance of the Southern Ocean (SO) stratification in determining the upper cell of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and stratification. Main results are based on a suite of idealized numerical simulations of the Atlantic with the prescribed density structure at the Atlantic southern boundary, intended to explore the importance of various factors. The results demonstrate that the density distribution at the SO-Atlantic boundary is the key factor controlling the Atlantic stratification and MOC, whereas the main importance of the Ekman and eddy (parameterized) exchanges is in setting the SO stratification. Among all aspects of the SO stratification, the position of the deep isopycnals near the western boundary of the Atlantic basin appears to determine the strength of the MOC for given isopycnal outcrop positions in the North Atlantic. The interplay between the SO stratification and surface density in the North Atlantic is, however, important for the MOC. In particular, the steady-state AMOC response to a negative North Atlantic density anomaly is shown to be amplified if the SO stratification is not allowed to change. C1 [Kamenkovich, Igor] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Radko, Timour] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kamenkovich, I (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ikamenkovich@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0623524, 0749723] FX Scientific careers of both authors have been greatly influenced and inspired by Vladimir Kamenkovich, through his teaching, guidance and personal example. IK would also like to thank him for the gift of life itself. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants OCE 0623524 and 0749723). The authors would like to thank Barry Klinger and an anonymous reviewer for their comments which greatly helped to improve this manuscript. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAR-MAY PY 2011 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 308 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 867FR UT WOS:000298440800006 ER PT J AU Pan, CD Yaremchuk, M Nechaev, D Ngodock, H AF Pan, Chudong Yaremchuk, Max Nechaev, Dmitri Ngodock, Hans TI Variational assimilation of glider data in Monterey Bay SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SCHEMES; HYBRID; MODEL; SYSTEM; ERROR; FLOW AB Temperature and salinity profiles observed by gliders in the Monterey Bay in August 2003 are assimilated into NCOM model in the framework of a 3dVar scheme with a hybrid background error covariance (BEC) representation. The model performance is validated against independent mooring observations for the assimilation runs with 1-hour analysis cycle. In the first experiment the background error statistics was estimated using the ensemble of model states spanning the entire observation period, whereas in the second experiment the BEC information was acquired by averaging over the 3-day floating temporal window (FTW) centered at the analysis time. It is found that the FTW scheme provides lower discrepancy between the values of temperature, salinity and velocity predicted by the model and observed at the moorings. The improvement becomes more clearly visible during the upwelling and relaxations events, associated with intermittent wind forcing. During these periods the FTW scheme provides a significantly (2-3 times) better fit to the mooring data. C1 [Pan, Chudong; Nechaev, Dmitri] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Yaremchuk, Max; Ngodock, Hans] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pan, CD (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM panchudong@gmail.com RI Pan, Chudong/P-1504-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; North Pacific Research Board [828] FX This study was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Program element 0602435N) and by the North Pacific Research Board project 828. Helpful discussions with Prof. V. Kamenkovich are acknowledged. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAR-MAY PY 2011 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 331 EP 346 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 867FR UT WOS:000298440800008 ER PT J AU Graham, SM Adler, MA AF Graham, Stephen M. Adler, Matthew A. TI Determining the Slope and Quality of Fit for the Linear Part of a Test Record SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE linear regression; mechanical testing; analysis of residuals AB It is often necessary to determine the slope of a linear region within a test record, and for standardization purposes, it is desirable to have a method for determining the slope that is not subjective. A fully automated algorithm is presented, which is independent of operator judgment for data sets that meet specific quality of data and fit criteria. The algorithm uses analysis of residuals to simulate the visual process of determining the linear region. Analysis of benchmark and real test data provide validation that the algorithm correctly differentiates between problem data (noisy, insufficient digital resolution, or no significant linear range) and good data. C1 [Graham, Stephen M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Adler, Matthew A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Jacobs ESTS Grp, ICRC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM smgraham@usna.edu; matthew.a.adler@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1520/JTE103038 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 842JT UT WOS:000296596200018 ER PT J AU McGraw, G Rice, D AF McGraw, Gary Rice, David TI Silver Bullet Talks with David Rice SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Software; Pricing; Industries; Interviews; Measurement; Computer security; Gary McGraw; Interview; Silver Bullet; economics of security; David Rice; Apple; The Monterey Group C1 [Rice, David] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM gem@cigital.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MSP.2011.38 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 745IJ UT WOS:000289158800002 ER PT J AU Ballenger-Browning, KK Schmitz, KJ Rothacker, JA Hammer, PS Webb-Murphy, JA Johnson, DC AF Ballenger-Browning, Kara K. Schmitz, Kimberly J. Rothacker, John A. Hammer, Paul S. Webb-Murphy, Jennifer A. Johnson, Douglas C. TI Predictors of Burnout Among Military Mental Health Providers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; JOB STRESS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CAREER SATISFACTION; WORKERS; NURSES; STAFF; PSYCHOLOGISTS; PROFESSIONALS AB Mental health treatment of military service members places unique demands on providers as their patients experience combat stress. This study assessed levels and predictors of burnout among mental health providers (N = 97) at military facilities, using a self-administered survey of demographic and work-related measures and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Burnout levels were comparable to studies of civilian mental health providers but were less severe than those of the Maslach Burnout Inventory normative sample. Working more hours, having more patients with personality disorders, increased patient caseloads, female gender, and being a psychiatrist were predictive of higher burnout scores. Having more confidants at work, a greater percentage of patients with traumatic brain injury, more clinical experience, and being a psychologist predicted lower burnout scores. These findings suggest that burnout levels among military providers are similar to those among civilian providers and may be alleviated by interventions targeting general institutional risk factors. C1 [Ballenger-Browning, Kara K.; Schmitz, Kimberly J.; Rothacker, John A.; Hammer, Paul S.; Webb-Murphy, Jennifer A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, NCCOSC, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Johnson, Douglas C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Ballenger-Browning, KK (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, NCCOSC, 34960 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 400, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000004 PM 21456349 ER PT J AU Plurad, DS AF Plurad, David S. TI Blast Injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES; OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; COMBAT CASUALTIES; EXPERIENCE; CLOSURE; PATTERNS; TRAUMA; WOUNDS AB Explosions can cause devastating injuries by various wounding mechanisms. Injuries due to the primary pressure wave are rarely life threatening and those that are lethal are uncommon. We reviewed the pathophysiology of blast-related injuries and their implications for management. There is much overlap in treatment of these wounds, and a detailed description is beyond the scope of this review. A brief summary of the initial surgical and nonsurgical management of blast injury that is useful for civilian and military clinicians is provided. C1 USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Plurad, DS (reprint author), USN, Trauma Training Ctr, 1200 N State St,Room 1050, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000008 PM 21456353 ER PT J AU Keiser, PB Hamilton, L Broderick, M AF Keiser, Paul B. Hamilton, Lanette Broderick, Michael TI US Military Fatalities due to Neisseria meningitidis: Case Reports and Historical Perspective SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDES; HUMAN IMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; GROUP-B; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; VACCINES AB Meningococcal disease has historically been associated with military populations, particularly during periods of mobilization. Although the U.S. military has now been engaged in conflicts for nearly a decade, the incidence of meningococcal disease in the U.S. population as a whole has reached historic lows. Despite vaccination of all service members in basic military training, the risk of meningococcal disease appears to be equal to or greater than that of the civilian population. These 3 case reports of recent fatalities in the U.S. military and their historic contexts illustrate the circumstances under which meningococcus can strike and highlight the need for continued vigilance in military populations. C1 [Keiser, Paul B.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Meningococcal Vaccines, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hamilton, Lanette] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Broderick, Michael] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Keiser, PB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Meningococcal Vaccines, 503 Robert Grant Rd,Room 3A16, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 308 EP 311 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000013 PM 21456358 ER PT J AU Jordan, NN Lee, SE Nowak, G Johns, NM Gaydos, JC AF Jordan, Nikki N. Lee, Seung-eun Nowak, Gosia Johns, Natalie M. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Chlamydia trachomatis Reported Among US Active Duty Service Members, 2000-2008 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; FEMALE ARMY RECRUITS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSES; SOLDIERS; WOMEN; RATES AB Objectives: To review reported chlamydia infection trends in the U.S. military and identify reasons for differences. Methods: Defense Medical Surveillance System 2000-2008 reports for nondeployed, active duty members were studied. Incidence, rate ratios, and confidence intervals were generated. Age- and gender-specific rates were compared with US national rates. Screening and reporting policies and procedures were reviewed. Results: Overall incidence was 922 cases per 100,000 person-years, with considerable service variability (392-1,431 cases per 100,000 person-years in the Navy and Army, respectively). Navy-Marine Corps rates increased more than 2 fold in 2008. Rates were higher among women, minorities, and members under 25 years. Military rates exceeded national rates. Conclusions: The 2008 increase in Navy-Marine Corps rates may be due to the implementation of web-based reporting. Demographic differences were consistent with published reports. The civilian military disparity may reflect higher percentages of military at-risk women screened. C1 [Jordan, Nikki N.] USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Lee, Seung-eun; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nowak, Gosia] USN, Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Johns, Natalie M.] USAF, Med Support Agcy, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Jordan, NN (reprint author), USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 312 EP 319 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000014 PM 21456359 ER PT J AU Coon, RG Balansay, MS Faix, DJ Hawksworth, AW Patterson, MB Blair, PJ AF Coon, Robert G. Balansay, Melinda S. Faix, Dennis J. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Patterson, Matthew B. Blair, Patrick J. TI Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection Among Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) Candidates, Coronado, California, July 2008 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; MILITARY CONSCRIPTS; STRAIN TWAR; CHILDREN; AZITHROMYCIN; EPIDEMIC; RECRUITS; OUTBREAK AB Community-acquired pneumonia can compromise readiness of recruits and service members operating in confined spaces. Often respiratory pathogens are implicated in outbreaks. In July 2008, 5 Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL students entering an intense period of training at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado reported with clinical symptoms and chest radiographs consistent with pneumonia. Throat and nasal swabs were tested for respiratory pathogens. Molecular evidence indicated that they were infected with the atypical bacterium Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Thirty contemporaneous Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL students were tested to determine the extent of C pneumoniae infection burden. Five additional cases were captured within this group. The 10 individuals diagnosed with C pneumoniae were treated with a course of azithromycin, Avelox (moxifloxacin hydrochloride), and doxycycline. The cases ended following the isolation of cases and prophylaxis with oral antibiotics. This work highlights the importance of rapid respiratory disease diagnoses to guide the clinical response following the emergence of respiratory infections among military trainees. C1 [Coon, Robert G.; Balansay, Melinda S.; Faix, Dennis J.; Hawksworth, Anthony W.; Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Patterson, Matthew B.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, Coronado, CA 91915 USA. RP Coon, RG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Global Emerging Infections System (GEIS) division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) [0DA705] FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of the clinical staff at the Naval Special Warfare Center, Coronado, CA, and the laboratory staff at the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. The authors thank CAPT Scott R. Jonson for his helpful edits to the manuscript. Study funding was provided by a project grant from the Global Emerging Infections System (GEIS) division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) under Work Unit No. 0DA705. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 320 EP 323 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000015 PM 21456360 ER PT J AU Smith, AE Vedder, TG Hunter, PK Carr, MR Studer, MA AF Smith, Ashley E. Vedder, Timothy G. Hunter, Patrick K. Carr, Michael R. Studer, Matthew A. TI The Use of Newborn Screening Pulse Oximetry to Detect Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Survey of Current Practice at Army, Navy, and Air Force Hospitals SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; MALFORMATIONS; CHILDREN; SURGERY; INFANCY AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of newborn screening pulse oximetry (+POx) among military hospitals, including barriers to instituting protocols. Methods: An internet-based questionnaire was forwarded to the senior pediatricians at military hospitals worldwide supporting newborn deliveries. Results: Forty seven of 53 hospitals (88%) supporting deliveries responded to the survey. Thirty percent of hospitals utilize a +POx protocol. Eight centers cited no problems with implementation. All hospitals screened at >= 24 hours of life. The site of recording, positive values, and follow-up for positive screens varied. Cardiology consult and echocardiograin were not mandated. Most hospitals (34/47) are unable to obtain a pediatric cardiology consult without transfer. Few hospitals (9/47) utilize a telemedicine system. Seventy-five percent (24/32) of hospitals not utilizing a protocol are interested in instituting one. Conclusion: Though slightly less than one-third of military hospitals use a +POx, there is a greater interest in its use. More reliable consultative services and a robust telemedicine system may aid its implementation. C1 [Smith, Ashley E.; Vedder, Timothy G.; Hunter, Patrick K.; Studer, Matthew A.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. [Carr, Michael R.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Smith, AE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarret White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000020 PM 21456365 ER PT J AU Meehan, KA Bankoski, AJ Tejan, E Ansumana, R Bangura, U Stenger, DA Jacobsen, KH AF Meehan, Kate A. Bankoski, Andrea J. Tejan, Edries Ansumana, Rashid Bangura, Umaru Stenger, David A. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. TI HYPERTENSION ON BO, SIERRA LEONE SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Hypertension; Blood Pressure; Sierra Leone; West Africa ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST-AFRICA; ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; GHANA; HEALTH; COMMUNITIES AB Objective: To identify the prevalence of hypertension among adults in Bo, Sierra Leone. Design: Hypertension data were extracted from outpatient clinic records. Setting: Mercy Hospital in urban Bo, Sierra Leone. Patients: All nonpregnant outpatients aged >= 15 years seen at the outpatient clinic in 2009. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg. Results: Data from 3944 individuals were analyzed (mean age 38.7 years). The overall prevalence of hypertension among those aged >= 15 years was 25.2%, with an age-adjusted prevalence of 19.6%. The prevalence of hypertension for participants aged >= 20 years was 27.1%, with an age-adjusted prevalence of 23.6%. There were no significant differences in blood pressure by sex. The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with age for both males and females (P<.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in Sierra Leone is consistent with the rates of hypertension observed in other parts of West Africa. (Ethn Dis. 2011;21(2):237-242) C1 [Bankoski, Andrea J.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Meehan, Kate A.; Ansumana, Rashid; Bangura, Umaru] Mercy Hosp, Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Stenger, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobsen, KH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kjacobse@gmu.edu RI Jacobsen, Kathryn/B-5857-2008 OI Jacobsen, Kathryn/0000-0002-4198-6246 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 788GS UT WOS:000292434000017 PM 21749030 ER PT J AU Mabry, TJ AF Mabry, Tristan James TI Language and Conflict SO INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article DE ethnic conflict; language; methodology; nationalism; rational choice ID ETHNIC FRACTIONALIZATION; CIVIL-WAR; HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITY AB Language divides are common components of group conflict, a phenomenon reflected widely in theories of nationalism. This article evaluates measures developed by David Laitin and James Fearon in the minorities at risk dataset claiming to quantify language difference and concludes they are deeply flawed. The introduction outlines language divides vis-a-vis conflict. A theoretical analysis in the second section argues against rational choice analyses of language politics; in the third section a sociolinguistic matrix shows that these fractional measures represent language ancestry but nothing else (morphology, syntax, lexicon, orthography, status). Theoretical implications and alternative methods are considered in the fourth section followed by a summary conclusion. C1 USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mabry, TJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle,Herrmann Hall 312, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tjmabry@nps.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0192-5121 EI 1460-373X J9 INT POLIT SCI REV JI Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1177/0192512110379489 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 774JW UT WOS:000291382500004 ER PT J AU Kulp, JL Owrutsky, JC Petrovykh, DY Fears, KP Lombardi, R Nafie, LA Clark, TD AF Kulp, John L., III Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. Fears, Kenan P. Lombardi, Rosina Nafie, Laurence A. Clark, Thomas D. TI Vibrational circular-dichroism spectroscopy of homologous cyclic peptides designed to fold into beta helices of opposite chirality SO BIOINTERPHASES LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; GRAMICIDIN-A; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICA NANOPARTICLE; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; SIDE-CHAIN; CONFORMATION AB Cyclic beta-helical peptides have been developed as model structured biomolecules for examining peptide adsorption and conformation on surfaces. As a key prerequisite to circular-dichroism (CD) analysis of these model peptides on surfaces, their conformations and the corresponding vibrational spectra in the 1400-1800 cm(-1) range were analyzed by vibrational circular-dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy in solution. The two model peptides ("beta Leu and beta Val") were examined in chloroform, where they each fold into a homogeneous well-defined antiparallel double-stranded beta-helical species, as determined previously by NMR and electronic CD spectroscopy. Because the beta-helical conformations of beta Leu and beta Val are well characterized, the VCD spectra of these peptides can be unambiguously correlated with their structures. In addition, these two beta-helical peptides differ from one another in two key respects that make them uniquely advantageous for CD analysis-first, while their backbone conformations are topologically similar, beta Leu and beta Val form helices of opposite chiralities; second, the two peptides differ in their sequences, i.e., composition of the side chains attached to the backbone. The observed VCD spectra for beta Leu and beta Val are roughly mirror images of each other, indicating that the VCD features are dominated by the chirality and conformation of the peptide backbone rather than by the peptide sequence. Accordingly, spectra similarly characteristic of peptide secondary structure can be expected for peptides designed to be structural analogs of beta Leu and beta Val while incorporating a variety of side chains for studies of surface adsorption from organic and aqueous solvents. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3548075] C1 [Kulp, John L., III; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.; Fears, Kenan P.; Clark, Thomas D.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lombardi, Rosina; Nafie, Laurence A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Clark, TD (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012; Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076 FU Office of Naval Research; (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research; American Association of Engineering Education; National Research Council FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research and the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.L.K. and K. P. F. acknowledge the American Association of Engineering Education and the National Research Council, respectively, for postdoctoral fellowships. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AVS PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, 100 PARK DR, STE 105, CALLER BOX 13994, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1934-8630 J9 BIOINTERPHASES JI Biointerphases PD MAR PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1116/1.3548075 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Materials Science GA 770SG UT WOS:000291108200002 PM 21428689 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Rappole, CA Kurihara, LK Christodoulides, JA Qadri, SN Byers, JM AF Raphael, Marc P. Rappole, Catherine A. Kurihara, Lynn K. Christodoulides, Joseph A. Qadri, Syed N. Byers, Jeff M. TI Iminobiotin Binding Induces Large Fluorescent Enhancements in Avidin and Streptavidin Fluorescent Conjugates and Exhibits Diverging pH-Dependent Binding Affinities SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Biotin; Iminobiotin; Avidin; Streptavidin; Protein conjugate; Binding affinity ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SELECTIVE RETRIEVAL; LIGAND-BINDING; BIOTIN; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; ADHESION; ANALOGS; FORCES; BONDS AB The pH-dependent binding affinity of either avidin or streptavidin for iminobiotin has been utilized in studies ranging from affinity binding chromatography to dynamic force spectroscopy. Regardless of which protein is used, the logarithmic dependence of the equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) on pH is assumed conserved. However a discrepancy has emerged from a number of studies which have shown the binding affinity of streptavidin for iminobiotin in solution to be unexpectedly low, with the K(d) at values usually associated with non-specific binding even at strongly basic pH levels. In this work we have utilized a Bodipy fluorescent conjugate of avidin and an Oregon Green fluorescent conjugate of streptavidin to determine the K(d) of the complexes in solution in the pH range of 7.0 to 10.7. The study was made possible by the remarkable fluorescent enhancement of the two fluorescent conjugates (greater than 10 fold) upon saturation with iminobiotin. The streptavidin-iminobiotin interaction exhibited almost no pH dependence over the range studied, with K(d) consistently on the order of 10(-5) M. In contrast, under identical experimental conditions the avidin-iminobiotin interaction exhibited the expected logarithmic dependence on pH. We discuss the possible origins for why these two closely related proteins would diverge in their binding affinities for iminobiotin as a function of pH. C1 [Raphael, Marc P.; Rappole, Catherine A.; Kurihara, Lynn K.; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Qadri, Syed N.; Byers, Jeff M.] USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM raphael@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s10895-010-0752-8 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 770BH UT WOS:000291061500019 PM 21046439 ER PT J AU Heil, JW Ilfeld, BM Loland, VJ Mariano, ER AF Heil, Justin W. Ilfeld, Brian M. Loland, Vanessa J. Mariano, Edward R. TI Considerations When Performing Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Perineural Catheter Placement Reply SO JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID BRACHIAL-PLEXUS BLOCK; CORNER POCKET; ANALGESIA C1 [Heil, Justin W.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ilfeld, Brian M.; Loland, Vanessa J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mariano, Edward R.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mariano, Edward R.] Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Heil, JW (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE PI LAUREL PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, 14750 SWEITZER LANE, STE 100, LAUREL, MD 20707-5906 USA SN 0278-4297 J9 J ULTRAS MED JI J. Ultrasound Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 423 EP 424 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 770ZJ UT WOS:000291126700022 ER PT J AU Divoll, V AF Divoll, Vicki TI THE "FULL ACCESS DOCTRINE": CONGRESS'S CONSTITUTIONAL ENTITLEMENT TO NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION FROM THE EXECUTIVE SO HARVARD JOURNAL OF LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID UNITARY C1 [Divoll, Vicki] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Divoll, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU HARVARD SOC LAW PUBLIC POLICY PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0193-4872 J9 HARVARD J LAW PUBL P JI Harv. J. Law Public Policy PD SPR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 493 EP 542 PG 50 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 767GD UT WOS:000290842400004 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Lau, NC Johnson, RH Jiao, MY AF Chang, Chih-Pei Lau, Ngar-Cheung Johnson, Richard H. Jiao, Meiyan TI BRIDGING WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN RESEARCH AND FORECASTS OF THE GLOBAL MONSOON SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chang, Chih-Pei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson, Richard H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jiao, Meiyan] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.edu NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2984.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 758YD UT WOS:000290202700008 ER PT J AU Nasir, A Todd, CS Stanekzai, MR Bautista, CT Botros, BA Scott, PT Strathdee, SA Tjaden, J AF Nasir, Abdul Todd, Catherine S. Stanekzai, M. Raza Bautista, Christian T. Botros, Boulos A. Scott, Paul T. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Tjaden, Jeffrey TI Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours amongst injecting drug users in three Afghan cities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Article DE HIV; Injecting drug users; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis B; Afghanistan ID VIRUS-INFECTION; TEHRAN; IRAN; HIV/AIDS; PAKISTAN; HCV AB Background: HIV amongst injecting drug users (IDUs) has been described in Kabul but little data exists for other Afghan cities. We assessed HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and C virus (HCV) prevalence and associated risk behaviours amongst IDUs in Hirat, Jalalabad, and Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan. Methods: Consented participants reporting injecting drugs within the previous 6 months completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and testing for HIV, hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Logistic regression was used to determine characteristics associated with each infection. Results: Of 623 participants, most (98.7%) were male. Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.88-3.2), 36.0% (95% CI: 33-41), and 5.8% (95% CI: 3.9-7.6), respectively. All HIV cases and highest HCV prevalence were detected in Hirat; HBV prevalence was highest in Jalalabad. Amongst male IDUs, 62.9% had been imprisoned, of whom 17.2% (n = 66) injected in prison. High risk behaviours were common; 30.2% reported needle sharing in the last 6 months, 23.1% reported sex with another male, and 50.4% reported paying females for sex. Behaviours varied significantly by site; generally, Hirat participants reported fewer sexual risk behaviours. Sex with other males was negatively associated with both HBV and HCV in multivariate logistic regression analysis; no injecting behaviours were associated with both HBV and HCV. Conclusions: Whilst HIV prevalence is low, HCV prevalence and high risk behaviours were common in these populations. Regional variations should be considered in programming to prevent transmission of HIV and viral hepatitis amongst IDUs in Afghanistan. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Todd, Catherine S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Nasir, Abdul; Stanekzai, M. Raza] Int Rescue Comm, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Bautista, Christian T.; Scott, Paul T.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Def Threat Assessment Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Botros, Boulos A.; Tjaden, Jeffrey] USN, Virol Res Dept, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Global Publ Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM cst2121@columbia.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [K01TW007408] NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD MAR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.10.006 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 756KO UT WOS:000290010300009 PM 21146392 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Kyriakidis, K AF Chu, Peter C. Kyriakidis, Kleanthis TI Chemical Spill Characteristics in the San Diego Bay SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chemical spill patterns; San Diego Bay; ocean pollution; water quality management; chemical dispersion ID FITTED CIRCULATION MODEL AB Dispersion of ocean pollutants in estuarine environments and bays (such as San Diego Bay) depends on the location of the source of the pollutants relative to the mouth and the tidal excursion, which is the net horizontal distance over which a pollutant particle moves during one tidal cycle of flood and ebb. Pollutant dispersion was investigated using a coupled hydrodynamic and chemical discharge model in this study. The results show the existence of two distinct (northern and southern) spill patterns of pollutant dispersion. The northern spill pattern is characterized by fast reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, rapid dispersion of pollutants to the San Diego port and to outside of the San Diego Bay, and slow dispersion of pollutants to the southern bay. The southern spill pattern is characterized by slow reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, slow dispersion, and confinement of pollutants in the southern San Diego Bay. The results may be useful for ocean pollution control and management. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Kyriakidis, Kleanthis] USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Naval Oceanographic Office; Office of Naval Research; Naval Postgraduate School FX This work was funded by the Naval Oceanographic Office, the Office of Naval Research, and the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 760AW UT WOS:000290294000009 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Johnson, BJ Rubin, RA Malanoski, AP Ligler, FS AF Lin, Baochuan Johnson, Brandy J. Rubin, Robert A. Malanoski, Anthony P. Ligler, Frances S. TI Iron chelation by cranberry juice and its impact on Escherichia coli growth SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE anti-adhesive; antibacterial activities; iron chelation; proanthocyanidins; Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ADHESION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CONSTITUENT; HUMAN GASTRIC MUCUS; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; IN-VITRO; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; CONDENSED TANNINS; BERRY PHENOLICS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS AB The various health benefits of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well documented and have been attributed mainly to its antioxidant capacity and anti-adhesive activity. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the possible role of cranberries, cranberry juice, and cranberry extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth. These mechanisms of action (i.e., inhibition of the microbial growth) have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we took advantage of current advances in microarray technology and used GeneChip (R) Escherichia coli genome 2.0 arrays to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the impact of cranberry juice on the properties of E. coli growth. The inclusion of cranberry juice in bacterial growth media was found to significantly impact the doubling time of E. coli. The gene expression results revealed altered expression of genes associated with iron transport and essential metabolic enzymes as well as with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and fumarate hydratase in these cultures. The altered expression of genes associated with iron transport was consistent with the strong iron chelating capability of proanthocyanidins, a major constituent of cranberry juice. The iron depletion effect was confirmed by adding exogenous iron to the growth media. This addition partially reversed the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth observed in the presence of cranberry juice/extracts. (C) 2010 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Volume 37, Number 2, March/April 2011, Pages 121-130 . E-mail: baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Johnson, Brandy J.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [8764] FX This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL 6.1 WU#8764). The authors thank Dr. Zheng Wang and Dr. Jinny Liu for critically reviewing of the manuscript. We applied the SDC approach (sequence-determines-credit) for determining the sequence of authors [67]. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 EI 1872-8081 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1002/biof.110 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 756GK UT WOS:000289999500007 PM 20806417 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The Profession of IT Managing Time SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 32 EP 34 DI 10.1145/1897852.1897865 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 755NG UT WOS:000289938200019 ER PT J AU Li, CH van't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT AF Li, C. H. van't Erve, O. M. J. Jonker, B. T. TI Electrical injection and detection of spin accumulation in silicon at 500 K with magnetic metal/silicon dioxide contacts SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE SILICON; RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; LOGIC; ELECTRONICS; TRANSISTOR; ESR AB The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has identified the electron's spin angular momentum as a new state variable that should be explored as an alternative to the electron's charge for use beyond the size scaling of Moore's Law. A major obstacle has been achieving control of the spin variable at temperatures required for practical applications. Here we demonstrate electrical injection, detection and precession of spin accumulation in silicon, the cornerstone material of device technology, at temperatures that easily exceed these requirements. We observe Hanle precession of electron spin accumulation in silicon for a wide range of bias, show that the magnitude of the Hanle signal agrees well with theory, and that the spin lifetime varies with silicon carrier density. These results confirm spin accumulation in the silicon transport channel to 500 K rather than trapping in localized interface states, and enable utilization of the spin variable in practical device applications. C1 [Li, C. H.; van't Erve, O. M. J.; Jonker, B. T.] USN, Res Lab, Code Mat Sci & Technol Div 6300, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code Mat Sci & Technol Div 6300, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX30262]; N0001409WX30262) and core programs at NRL; NRL/George Washington University Research Associate FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N0001409WX30262) and core programs at NRL. O.M.J.v.'t.E. gratefully acknowledges support as an NRL/George Washington University Research Associate. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities in the NRL Nanoscience Institute. NR 33 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 2 AR 245 DI 10.1038/ncomms1256 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756AC UT WOS:000289982600035 PM 21427716 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Cantrell, FL AF Carstairs, Shaun D. Cantrell, F. Lee TI The spice of life: An analysis of nutmeg exposures in California SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Poisoning; Nutmeg; Abuse ID INTOXICATION; MYRISTICIN AB Background. Nutmeg is widely used as a household spice. Numerous citations in the medical literature report its abuse as a psychoactive agent, primarily for its purported hallucinogenic effects that are thought to be due to the compound myristicin; these are primarily limited to case reports. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of the California Poison Control System database for the years 1997-2008 for all cases of single-substance human exposure to nutmeg. Results. There were a total of 119 single-substance exposures to nutmeg. Eighty-six (72.3%) exposures were intentional. Patients intentionally abusing nutmeg were more likely to be between the ages of 13 and 20 than those with unintentional exposure to the spice (80.2% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.05). Abusers were significantly more likely to require medical evaluation than nonabusers (61.6% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.05). Patients who abused nutmeg were significantly more likely (p < 0.05) to experience tachycardia and agitation than those whose exposure was unintentional. No major effects and no deaths were reported to occur in either group. Conclusions. Although nutmeg exposure is uncommonly encountered, clinical effects from ingestion can be significant and can require medical intervention. While clinically significant effects were common, life-threatening toxicity and death did not occur in this series. C1 [Carstairs, Shaun D.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Cantrell, F. Lee] Calif Poison Control Syst San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), USN, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM shaunc@yahoo.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.3109/15563650.2011.561210 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 751OY UT WOS:000289628600008 PM 21495887 ER PT J AU Weber, PW Howle, LE Murray, MM Miklosovic, DS AF Weber, Paul W. Howle, Laurens E. Murray, Mark M. Miklosovic, David S. TI Computational Evaluation of the Performance of Lifting Surfaces with Leading-Edge Protuberances SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TUBERCLES AB The leading-edge tubercles of humpback whale flippers have been shown to enhance hydrodynamic performance by increasing lift and decreasing drag poststall. To explore this effect, computational simulations of two models based on an idealized humpback whale flipper were conducted, one with a smooth leading edge and one with simulated leading-edge tubercles. Two different commercial computational fluid dynamics packages were used, STAR-CCM+ and Solid Works Flow Simulation, and the results were compared with experiment. Numeric lift predictions in the nonstall region were reasonably accurate (maximum error 6.6% between both codes), while lift predictions in the poststall, region were problematic. Numeric drag predictions in the early nonstall region were within experimental error for STAR-CCM+ using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, while both codes exhibited drag prediction error in the stall region. Flow visualizations showed that the smooth flipper exhibited trailing-edge stall, while the simulated tubercle flipper stalled in the troughs, behind the leading notches, first. At high angles of attack, the simulated tubercle flipper still possessed significant regions of attached flow, which contributes to its ability to maintain increased lift poststall. C1 [Weber, Paul W.; Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Murray, Mark M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Miklosovic, David S.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Weber, PW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708 USA. FU U.S. Naval Academy Subsonic Wind Tunnel Laboratory; National Defense Science and Engineering through the U.S. Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the technical support staff of the U.S. Naval Academy Subsonic Wind Tunnel Laboratory. P. W. W. was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship through the U.S. Office of Naval Research. L. E. H. and NI. M. M. received support from the National Science Foundation. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.2514/1.C031163 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 752PT UT WOS:000289705400022 ER PT J AU Hsu, AR Ghodadra, NS Provencher, CDRMT Lewis, PB Bach, BR AF Hsu, Andrew R. Ghodadra, Neil S. Provencher, C. D. R. Matthew T. Lewis, Paul B. Bach, Bernard R. TI Biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: a review of clinical outcomes and biomechanical results SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Review DE Biceps brachii; tenotomy; tenodesis; tendinitis; load to failure ID ROTATOR CUFF TEARS; INTERFERENCE SCREW FIXATION; LONG-HEAD; TENDON; PATHOLOGY; BRACHII; LESIONS AB Hypothesis: There are significant differences in incidence of cosmetic deformity and load to tendon failure between biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis for the treatment of long head of the biceps brachii (LHB) tendon lesions which are supported by the evidence-based strengths and weaknesses of each procedure in the literature. Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible clinical and biomechanical articles relating to biceps tenotomy or tenodesis from 1966 to 2010. Keywords were biceps tenotomy, biceps tenodesis, long head of the biceps brachii, and Popeye sign. All relevant studies were included based on study objectives, and excluded studies consisted of abstracts, case reports, letters to the editor, and articles without outcome measures. Results: All articles reviewed were of level IV evidence. Combined results from reviewed papers on the differences between LHB tenotomy vs tenodesis demonstrated a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity in patients treated with biceps tenotomy. Complications were similar for each treatment, with a higher likelihood of bicipital pain associated with tenodesis. Lack of high levels of evidence from prospective randomized trials limits our ability to recommend one technique over another. Discussion: This review demonstrated a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity in patients treated with biceps tenotomy compared with tenodesis, with an associated lower load to tendon failure. However, there was no consensus in the literature regarding the use of tenotomy vs. tenodesis for LHB tendon lesions due to variable results and methodology of published studies. Individual patient factors and needs should guide surgeons on whether to use tenotomy or tenodesis. Conclusions: There is a great need for future studies with high levels of evidence, control, randomization, and power, with well-defined study variables, to compare biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for the treatment of LHB tendon lesions. Level of evidence: Review Article, with Supplementary Biomechanical Study. (C) 2011 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. C1 [Hsu, Andrew R.; Ghodadra, Neil S.; Lewis, Paul B.; Bach, Bernard R.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Provencher, C. D. R. Matthew T.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Shoulder & Sports Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hsu, AR (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1725 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM andyhsu1@gmail.com NR 22 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2010.08.019 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 730VD UT WOS:000288062100023 PM 21051241 ER PT J AU Firestone, D Atkin, R Hooks, C Englert, CR Siskind, DE Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Klein, PA AF Firestone, Doug Atkin, Robert Hooks, Carl Englert, Christoph R. Siskind, David E. Bernhardt, Paul A. Siefring, Carl L. Klein, Patricia A. TI Low-Cost, Automated Ground Station for LEO Mission Support SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATION; TOMOGRAPHY; SHIMMER AB The STPSat-1 spacecraft is a low Earth orbit (LEO), small satellite (total mass: 156 kg) built by AeroAstro, Inc. for the US Air Force Space Test Program. It carries two payloads: The Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER) and the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS). The satellite bus and its payloads were designed for a 13 month mission. After the successful completion of the one year nominal mission, the payload teams desired to continue satellite operations for at least an additional year to achieve additional scientific objectives. To meet this new mission goal within the available, but limited, funding, Tiger Innovations successfully designed, built, and integrated an automated ground system solution for a low-cost mission extension. Automating a LEO ground station presents a number of unique challenges, including equipment setup, health and safety monitoring, payload interfaces, and anomaly reporting and resolution. The successful STPSat-1 mission extension serves as a powerful demonstration of the tools and procedures necessary to operate comparable future missions in the same manner. Moreover, the entire development cycle from concept to on-orbit commanding was accomplished in less than 6 weeks. Such aggressive schedules are particularly important for operationally-responsive space missions. C1 [Firestone, Doug; Atkin, Robert; Hooks, Carl] Tiger Innovat LLC, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Englert, Christoph R.; Siskind, David E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Siefring, Carl L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Klein, Patricia A.] USN, Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Firestone, D (reprint author), 12355 Sunrise Valley Dr,Suite 45, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM dfirestone@tigerinnovations.com OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU NASA Heliophysics Division; US Office of Naval Research FX SHIMMER and CITRIS are joint programs between the Naval Research Laboratory and the DoD Space Test Program. The authors thank the engineers and personnel at the Blossom Point Tracking Facility for hosting and providing on-site support for the STPSat-1 mission extension. We also thank Andrew Straatveit and Doug Koch for their support of the SHIMMER and CITRIS payloads throughout the life of the STPSat-1 mission. Partial funding for the STPSat-1 extension was provided by a grant from the NASA Heliophysics Division. Funding for the CITRIS mission extension was provided by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 749ON UT WOS:000289478200002 ER PT J AU Taylor, T AF Taylor, Trevor TI Private security companies in Iraq and beyond SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Review C1 [Taylor, Trevor] Royal United Serv Inst, London, England. [Taylor, Trevor] Def Acad UK, Cranfield Univ, Cranfield, Beds, England. [Taylor, Trevor] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Taylor, Trevor] Cranfields Dept Def Management & Secur Anal, Cranfield, Beds, England. [Taylor, Trevor] Chatham House, Int Secur Programme, London, England. RP Taylor, T (reprint author), Royal United Serv Inst, London, England. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 87 IS 2 BP 445 EP 456 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 736QH UT WOS:000288508700011 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Dandurand, D Gray, T Brown, MR Lukin, VS AF Zhang, X. Dandurand, D. Gray, T. Brown, M. R. Lukin, V. S. TI Calibrated cylindrical Mach probe in a plasma wind tunnel SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ION COLLECTION; ACCELERATION; GUNDESTRUP; FLOWS AB A simple cylindrical Mach probe is described along with an independent calibration procedure in a magnetized plasma wind tunnel. A particle orbit calculation corroborates our model. The probe operates in the weakly magnetized regime in which probe dimension and ion orbit are of the same scale. Analytical and simulation models are favorably compared with experimental calibration. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3559550] C1 [Zhang, X.; Dandurand, D.; Gray, T.; Brown, M. R.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM xzhang9@swarthmore.edu FU Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation (CMSO); Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation (CMSO), and the Office of Naval Research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of S. Palmer, J. Haldeman, A. H. Glasser, M. Korein, B. Gerber-Siff, K. Labe, and D. Weinhold. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 82 IS 3 AR 033510 DI 10.1063/1.3559550 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 745EV UT WOS:000289149600030 PM 21456740 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Sarantites, DC Chen, X Montero, M Pechenaya, OL Snyder, J Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Hauschild, K Lopez-Martens, A Hartley, DJ Frauendorf, S AF Reviol, W. Sarantites, D. C. Chen, X. Montero, M. Pechenaya, O. L. Snyder, J. Janssens, R. V. F. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Khoo, T. L. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Hauschild, K. Lopez-Martens, A. Hartley, D. J. Frauendorf, S. TI TIDAL WAVES AND ONSET OF COLLECTIVITY ABOVE N=126 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclear Physics - Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape CY AUG 30-SEP 05, 2010 CL Zakopane, POLAND ID NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; GAMMASPHERE; OCTUPOLE; STATES AB Recent experiments in the actinide region, using Gammasphere and the evaporation residue detector HERCULES, have covered the territory between N = 126 and the center of static octupole deformation at N = 134. The (220)Th nucleus and the neighboring (218)Ra and (219)Th nuclei mark the emergence of quadrupole-octupole collectivity in this mass region. Their octupole bands have B(E1)/B(E2) ratios which are typical for the region, but the level spacings do not concur with a rotational-like behavior. In addition, a spin-dependent staggering of the B(E1)/B(E2) ratios is evident. These features can be described, based on a phonon picture, by a constant-frequency tidal-wave mode for a reflection-asymmetric nuclear surface. C1 [Reviol, W.; Sarantites, D. C.; Chen, X.; Montero, M.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Pechenaya, O. L.; Snyder, J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hauschild, K.; Lopez-Martens, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Frauendorf, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 671 EP 680 DI 10.5506/APhysPolB.42.671 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743HP UT WOS:000289009300043 ER PT J AU Pirlo, RK Sweeney, AJ Ringeisen, BR Kindy, M Gao, BZ AF Pirlo, R. K. Sweeney, A. J. Ringeisen, B. R. Kindy, M. Gao, B. Z. TI Biochip/laser cell deposition system to assess polarized axonal growth from single neurons and neuron/glia pairs in microchannels with novel asymmetrical geometries SO BIOMICROFLUIDICS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-MATTER; CULTURE; NERVE; GLIA; REGENERATION; ARCHITECTURE; EXPRESSION; ASTROCYTE; SURFACES; SURVIVAL AB Axon path-finding plays an important role in normal and pathogenic brain development as well as in neurological regenerative medicine. In both scenarios, axonal growth is influenced by the microenvironment including the soluble molecules and contact-mediated signaling from guiding cells and cellular matrix. Microfluidic devices are a powerful tool for creating a microenvironment at the single cell level. In this paper, an asymmetrical-channel-based biochip, which can be later incorporated into microfluidic devices for neuronal network study, was developed to investigate geometric as well as supporting cell control of polarized axonal growth in forming a defined neuronal circuitry. A laser cell deposition system was used to place single cells, including neuron-glia pairs, into specific microwells of the device, enabling axonal growth without the influence of cytophilic/phobic surface patterns. Phase microscopy showed that a novel "snag" channel structure influenced axonal growth in the intended direction 4:1 over the opposite direction. In heterotypic experiments, glial cell influence over the axonal growth path was observed with time-lapse microscopy. Thus, it is shown that single cell and heterotypic neuronal path-finding models can be developed in laser patterned biochips. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3552998] C1 [Pirlo, R. K.; Sweeney, A. J.; Gao, B. Z.] Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Pirlo, R. K.; Ringeisen, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kindy, M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Pirlo, RK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. FU NIH [2p20rr16461-05, 3P20RR016461-09S2, P20RR021949, 1k25hl088262-01]; NSF [CBET-0923311]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070847] FX This work has been partially supported by NIH SC INBRE (Grant No. 2p20rr16461-05 and its supplementary grant 3P20RR016461-09S2), SC COBRE (Grant No. P20RR021949), and Career Award (Grant No. 1k25hl088262-01); NSF MRI (Grant No. CBET-0923311); SC GEAR program. B.Z.G. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31070847); R.K.P. would like to thank the National Research Council for his Research Associateship. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1932-1058 J9 BIOMICROFLUIDICS JI Biomicrofluidics PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 AR 013408 DI 10.1063/1.3552998 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 745EL UT WOS:000289148400011 PM 21522498 ER PT J AU Forgoston, E Billings, L Yecko, P Schwartz, IB AF Forgoston, Eric Billings, Lora Yecko, Philip Schwartz, Ira B. TI Set-based corral control in stochastic dynamical systems: Making almost invariant sets more invariant SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; FINAL-STATE SENSITIVITY; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; DOUBLE-GYRE OCEAN; HYPERBOLIC TRAJECTORIES; VELOCITY-FIELDS; FLUID-FLOWS; TRANSPORT; MANIFOLDS; MODEL AB We consider the problem of stochastic prediction and control in a time-dependent stochastic environment, such as the ocean, where escape from an almost invariant region occurs due to random fluctuations. We determine high-probability control-actuation sets by computing regions of uncertainty, almost invariant sets, and Lagrangian coherent structures. The combination of geometric and probabilistic methods allows us to design regions of control, which provide an increase in loitering time while minimizing the amount of control actuation. We show how the loitering time in almost invariant sets scales exponentially with respect to the control actuation, causing an exponential increase in loitering times with only small changes in actuation force. The result is that the control actuation makes almost invariant sets more invariant. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3539836] C1 [Forgoston, Eric; Billings, Lora; Yecko, Philip] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Forgoston, E (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, 1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM eric.forgoston@montclair.edu RI Yecko, Philip/B-6621-2008 OI Yecko, Philip/0000-0002-8075-1271 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory [N0017310-2-C007] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research. E. F. is supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (Award No. N0017310-2-C007). NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 AR 013116 DI 10.1063/1.3539836 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 745ER UT WOS:000289149100016 PM 21456830 ER PT J AU Chun, C Stanica, P Neta, B AF Chun, Changbum Stanica, Pantelimon Neta, Beny TI Third-order family of methods in Banach spaces SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Newton's method; Iterative methods; Nonlinear equations; Order of convergence; Root-finding methods ID RATIONAL CUBIC METHODS; RECURRENCE RELATIONS; NEWTON METHOD; CONVERGENCE AB Recently, Panda and Gupta [P.K. Panda. D.K. Gupta, Recurrence relations for a Newton-like method in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 206 (2007) 873-877] used Rail's recurrence relation approach (from 1961) to approximate roots of nonlinear equations, by developing several methods, the latest of which is free of second derivative and it is of third order. In this paper, we use an idea of Kou and Li [J.-S. Kou, Y.-T. Li, Modified Chebyshev's method free from second derivative for non-linear equations, Appl. Math. Comput. 187 (2007) 1027-1032] and modify the approach of Panda and Gupta, obtaining yet another third-order method to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. We give several applications to our method. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Stanica, Pantelimon; Neta, Beny] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chun, C (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM cbchun@skku.edu; pstanica@nps.edu; bneta@nps.edu OI Neta, Beny/0000-0002-7417-7496 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0022007] FX The authors would like to thank the referees for their useful comments and constructive suggestions which substantially improved the quality of this paper. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0022007). NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1665 EP 1675 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2011.01.034 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 743LA UT WOS:000289018600018 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, Kevin L. TI Space charge, emittance, trajectories, and the modeling of field emitter arrays SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FOWLER-NORDHEIM THEORY; ELECTRON-EMISSION; CURRENT-DENSITY; AREA; ENHANCEMENT; DESIGN; BEAMS; CODE AB An accurate methodology for the evaluation of space charge effects, tip and array emittance, and the distribution of electron position and velocity components (trajectories) near a conical field emission tip is made possible by a point charge model (PCM) describing a single conical emitter (the "unit cell"). The elements of the point charge model are intentionally constructed to make use of self-similarity, and thus provide good analytical and intuitive models of behavior in addition to being numerically tractable. Methods for calculation of potentials, fields, field enhancement factors, tip currents, and trajectories are given in a systematic fashion as well as scaling behavior deduced from their asymptotic forms. The connection between the unit cell (PCM realm) and macroscopic region (realm of particle-in-cell codes) is discussed. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3523101] C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office (JTO); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Support for this work provided by the Joint Technology Office (JTO) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged. Stimulating discussions with (alph) D. Feldman, J. Lebowitz, E. Montgomery, P. O'Shea, P. Petillo, A. Rokhlenko, and J. Shaw are likewise gratefully acknowledged. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 AR 02B101 DI 10.1116/1.3523101 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 745LD UT WOS:000289166000047 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Jung, Y Mastro, MA Hite, J Nepal, N Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Kim, Byung-Jae Jung, Younghun Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer Nepal, Neeraj Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Emission enhancement from nonpolar a-plane III-nitride nanopillar SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY; GAN; SURFACE AB A nonpolar a-plane GaN-based light emitting structure was patterned by self-assembled SiO2 nanosphere lithography and subsequent inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etch to define an array of nanopillar light emitters. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity was enhanced by similar to 110% after the anisotropic ICP etch, compared with an unprocessed sample, which is attributed to a reduction in wave-guiding effects in the thin film. Additionally, the anisotropic ICP etch caused minimal wavelength shift in the dominant 3.34 eV near-bandedge radiative transition. A subsequent photoelectrochemical (PEC) etch process of the a-plane GaN nanopillars preferentially etched the underlying n-type layers, leaving a wider p-type cap. The n-type layers wet-etched by recession of the N-polar (000-1) plane (perpendicular to the a-plane growth axis) via formation of the distinctive pyramid-shaped facets. The PL intensity was enhanced by similar to 168% after ICP and PEC etching although the peak emission occurred at a lower energy. The combination of nanosphere lithography and ICP was highly effective in improving the light extraction efficiency in a-plane nonpolar GaN-based light emitting diodes. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3545696] C1 [Kim, Byung-Jae; Jung, Younghun; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer; Nepal, Neeraj; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, BJ (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0029328]; Office of the Naval Research FX This research was supported by Future-based Technology Development Program (Nano Fields) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant No. 2010-0029328). The research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of the Naval Research. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 AR 021004 DI 10.1116/1.3545696 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 745LD UT WOS:000289166000009 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN Kub, FJ Eddy, CR AF Mohammad, S. Noor Kub, Francis J. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Field-plate design for edge termination in silicon carbide high-power Schottky diodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-K DIELECTRICS; BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE; BARRIER DIODE; RECTIFIERS; GAN; DEVICES; SEMICONDUCTOR; DIAMOND; SI AB Theoretical two-dimensional simulations have been performed using the ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco (Santa Clara, CA) to investigate the influence of field plate on the high-power performance of n-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes. For the simulations, the doping level of the substrate, the permittivity of the dielectric layer, the thickness of the dielectric layer, the length of the field plate, and the thickness of the field plate have been critically analyzed. The peak electric fields both at the edge of the field plate and inside the dielectric layer have been calculated. The dependence of the junction breakdown voltage on the substrate doping level, the diode temperature, the dielectric layer thickness, and the permittivity of the dielectric layer has been examined. Theoretical simulations have been compared with available experiments, which lend support to the validity of the present results. It has been observed that only a combined impact of optimization of various parameters can lead to the best improvements in field-plated diodes. The optimized overlap between the Schottky-metal contact and the field plate underneath this contact has particularly been found very important. Also, the dielectric layer thickness should neither be very small nor very large, and the doping concentration should preferably be around N-D=1 x 10(15) cm(-3). A small dielectric layer thickness generates a very large electric field. On the other hand, a large dielectric layer thickness exhibits a very high impact ionization potential. The newest and perhaps the most exciting finding of this investigation is a novel structure exhibiting composite dielectric deposited on the SiC substrate and a second dielectric covering the field-plate edge. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3562276] C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Sciencotech, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor; Kub, Francis J.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 AR 021021 DI 10.1116/1.3562276 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 745LD UT WOS:000289166000026 ER PT J AU Moscovitch, M Benevides, L Romanyukha, A Hull, F Duffy, M Voss, S Velbeck, KJ Nita, I Rotunda, JE AF Moscovitch, M. Benevides, L. Romanyukha, A. Hull, F. Duffy, M. Voss, S. Velbeck, K. J. Nita, I. Rotunda, J. E. TI THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PTTL DOSE RE-ANALYSIS METHOD TO THE HARSHAW LiF:Mg,Cu,P MATERIAL SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European conference on individual monitoring of ionising radiation (IM) CY MAR 08-12, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID REASSESSMENT AB The phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) technique is applied to the Harshaw LiF:Mg,Cu,P material. It is demonstrated that using 254-nm UV light, dose levels as low as 0.2 mGy can be re-estimated. The PTTL efficiency was found to be similar to 6 % in the dose range of 0.2 mGy-1 Gy, and it appears to be dose-independent. This implies that a simple calibration factor could be applied to the PTTL data for the re-estimation of dose levels. It was demonstrated that with a proper choice of the TL readout parameters, and the UV-light irradiation conditions, dose levels that are relevant to personal or environmental dosimetry can be re-estimated. C1 [Moscovitch, M.; Romanyukha, A.; Hull, F.; Duffy, M.; Voss, S.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Benevides, L.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Velbeck, K. J.; Nita, I.; Rotunda, J. E.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Oakwood Village, OH 44146 USA. RP Moscovitch, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM moscovim@georgetown.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq570 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 745KL UT WOS:000289164200033 PM 21450701 ER PT J AU Benevides, L Romanyukha, A Hull, F Duffy, M Voss, S Moscovitch, M AF Benevides, L. Romanyukha, A. Hull, F. Duffy, M. Voss, S. Moscovitch, M. TI UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE IN PERSONAL DOSIMETRY SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European conference on individual monitoring of ionising radiation (IM) CY MAR 08-12, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID ALPHA-AL2O3-C AB This study investigates several sources of uncertainty associated with the application of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to personal dosimetry. A commercial OSL system based on Al2O3: C was used for this study. First, it is demonstrated that the concept of repeated evaluation (readout) of the same dosemeter, often referred to as 're-analysis', can introduce uncertainty in the re-estimated dose. This uncertainty is associated with the fact that the re-analysis process depletes some of the populated traps, resulting in a continuous decrease of the OSL signal with each repeated reading. Furthermore, the rate of depletion may be dose-dependent. Second, it is shown that the previously reported light-induced fading in this system is the result of light leaks through miniature openings in the dosemeter badge. C1 [Moscovitch, M.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Benevides, L.; Romanyukha, A.; Hull, F.; Duffy, M.; Voss, S.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Moscovitch, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM moscovim@georgetown.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq543 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 745KL UT WOS:000289164200034 PM 21450702 ER PT J AU Benevides, L Voss, S Nita, I Rotunda, J Velbeck, K Luo, LZ Moscovitch, M AF Benevides, L. Voss, S. Nita, I. Rotunda, J. Velbeck, K. Luo, L. Z. Moscovitch, M. TI UV-INDUCED BLEACHING OF DEEP TRAPS IN HARSHAW TLD LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European conference on individual monitoring of ionising radiation (IM) CY MAR 08-12, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY; LIF-MG,CU,P AB The effects of UV-induced bleaching of deep traps on Harshaw thermoluminescent (TL) LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF: Mg, Ti materials were investigated. During a normal heating cycle, LiF: Mg, Cu, P is limited to a maximum temperature of 240 degrees C. LiF: Mg, Ti can be read to higher temperatures; however, encapsulation in polytetrafluoroethylene limits the maximum readout temperature to 300 degrees C. Generally, for both materials, these respective temperatures are sufficient for emptying traps corresponding to the main dosemetric peaks. However, when the dosemeters are subjected to a high dose level, such as 1 Gy (much higher than individual monitoring dose levels), higher temperature traps are filled that cannot be emptied without exceeding the above-mentioned maximum temperatures. These high temperature traps tend to be unstable during normal readout and can significantly increase the residual TL signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of a UV-induced bleaching technique for emptying higher temperature traps following high-dose applications. In addition, in the case of LiF: Mg,Cu,P, where the maximum readout temperature is significantly lower, we investigated the possibility of reducing the residual signal using the application of repeated readout cycles. The optical bleaching approach was found to be effective in the case of LiF: Mg,Ti; however, for LiF: Mg,Cu,P, no reduction in the residual signal was observed. For this latter material, the application of repeatable readout cycles is very effective and residual signals equivalent to dose levels as low as 0.01 mGy were observed following an initial dose of 5 Gy. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to apply an 'optical annealing' technique to the Harshaw thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) materials. C1 [Nita, I.; Rotunda, J.; Velbeck, K.; Luo, L. Z.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Oakwood Village, OH 44146 USA. [Benevides, L.; Voss, S.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Moscovitch, M.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Velbeck, K (reprint author), Thermo Fisher Sci, Oakwood Village, OH 44146 USA. EM kenneth.velbeck@thermofisher.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq560 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 745KL UT WOS:000289164200042 PM 21310735 ER PT J AU Romanyukha, A Voss, SP Benevides, LA AF Romanyukha, A. Voss, S. P. Benevides, L. A. TI INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE WITHIN A DISTRIBUTED-DOSIMETRY NETWORK SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European conference on individual monitoring of ionising radiation (IM) CY MAR 08-12, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY; LIF-MG,CU,P AB The results of an intercomparison exercise within the US Navy dosimetric network (USN-DN) are presented and discussed. The USN-DN uses a commercially available LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) model Harshaw 8840/8841 and TLD reader model Harshaw 8800 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. The USN-DN consists of a single calibration facility and 16 satellite dosimetry reading facilities throughout the world with similar to 40 model 8800 TLD readers and in excess of 350 000 TLD cards in circulation. The Naval Dosimetry Center (NDC) is the primary calibration site responsible for the distribution and calibration of all TLD cards and their associated holders. In turn, each satellite facility is assigned a subpopulation of cards, which are utilised for servicing their local customers. Consistency of the NDC calibration of 150 dosemeters (calibrated at NDC) and 27 locally calibrated remote readers was evaluated in the framework of this intercomparison. Accuracy of TLDs' calibration, performed at the NDC, was found to be <3 % throughout the entire network. Accuracy of the readers' calibration, performed with the NDC issued calibration dosemeters at remote sites, was found to be better than 4 % for most readers. The worst performance was found for reader Channel 3, which is calibrated using the thinnest chip of the Harshaw 8840/8841 dosemeter. The loss of sensitivity of this chip may be caused by time-temperature profile that has been designed for all four chips without consideration of chip thickness. C1 [Romanyukha, A.; Voss, S. P.; Benevides, L. A.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. EM aromanyukha@usuhs.mil FU US Department of Defense FX The study was funded through US Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq374 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 745KL UT WOS:000289164200065 PM 21088021 ER PT J AU Trompier, F Bassinet, C Della Monaca, S Romanyukha, A Reyes, R Clairand, I AF Trompier, F. Bassinet, C. Della Monaca, S. Romanyukha, A. Reyes, R. Clairand, I. TI OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ACCIDENT DOSIMETRY SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European conference on individual monitoring of ionising radiation (IM) CY MAR 08-12, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID RADIATION ACCIDENT; EPR SPECTROMETRY; ESR; GLASS; SPECTROSCOPY AB From feedback experience from recent radiation accident cases, in addition to biological dosimetry and physical dosimetry based on Monte Carlo calculations or experimental means, there is a need for complementary methods of dosimetry for radiation accident. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry on bones or teeth is considered as efficient but is limited by the invasive character of the sampling. Since 2005, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) develops some new approaches and methodologies based on the EPR and luminescence techniques. This article presents the overview of the different studies currently in progress in IRSN. C1 [Trompier, F.; Bassinet, C.; Della Monaca, S.; Clairand, I.] DRPH SDE LDRI, Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Della Monaca, S.] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Tecnol & Salute, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Romanyukha, A.; Reyes, R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Romanyukha, A.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Trompier, F (reprint author), DRPH SDE LDRI, Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. EM francois.trompier@irsn.fr RI DELLA MONACA, SARA/E-9044-2015; OI DELLA MONACA, SARA/0000-0002-3109-9344; TROMPIER, Francois/0000-0002-8776-6572 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq341 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 745KL UT WOS:000289164200123 PM 21068020 ER PT J AU Klenk, M Aha, DW Molineaux, M AF Klenk, Matthew Aha, David W. Molineaux, Matt TI The Case for Case-Based Transfer Learning SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving process in which a new problem is solved by retrieving a similar situation and reusing its solution. Transfer learning occurs when, after gaining experience from learning how to solve source problems, the same learner exploits this experience to improve performance and learning on target problems. In transfer learning, the differences between the source and target problems characterize the transfer distance. CBR can support transfer learning methods in multiple ways. We illustrate how CBR and transfer learning interact and characterize three approaches for using CBR in transfer learning: (1) as a transfer learning method, (2) for problem learning, and (3) to transfer knowledge between sets of problems. We describe examples of these approaches from our own and related work and discuss applicable transfer distances for each. We close with conclusions and directions for future research applying CBR to transfer learning. C1 [Klenk, Matthew] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, NRC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Aha, David W.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Adapt Syst Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Klenk, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, NRC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU NRC FX The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. Matthew Klenk is supported by an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI BP 54 EP 69 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 742VR UT WOS:000288973900005 ER PT J AU Azevedo, R Biswas, G Bohus, D Carmichael, T Finlayson, MA Hadzikadic, M Havasi, C Horvitz, E Kanda, T Koyejo, O Lawless, WF Lenat, D Meneguzzi, F Mutlu, B Oh, J Pirrone, R Raux, A Sofge, DA Sukthankar, G Van Durme, B Yorke-Smith, N AF Azevedo, Roger Biswas, Gautam Bohus, Dan Carmichael, Ted Finlayson, Mark A. Hadzikadic, Mirsad Havasi, Catherine Horvitz, Eric Kanda, Takayuki Koyejo, Oluwasanmi Lawless, William F. Lenat, Doug Meneguzzi, Felipe Mutlu, Bilge Oh, Jean Pirrone, Roberto Raux, Antoine Sofge, Donald A. Sukthankar, Gita Van Durme, Benjamin Yorke-Smith, Neil TI Reports of the AAAI 2010 Fall Symposia SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the 2010 Fall Symposium Series, held Thursday through Saturday, November 11-13, at the Westin Arlington Gateway in Arlington, Virginia. The titles of the eight symposia are as follows: (1) Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems; (2) Commonsense Knowledge; (3) Complex Adaptive Systems: Resilience, Robustness, and Evolvability; (4) Computational Models of Narrative; (5) Dialog with Robots; (6) Manifold Learning and Its Applications; (7) Proactive Assistant Agents; and (8) Quantum Informatics for Cognitive, Social, and Semantic Processes. The highlights of each symposium are presented in this report. C1 [Azevedo, Roger] McGill Univ, Dept Educ & Counseling Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Biswas, Gautam] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Intelligent Syst, Nashville, TN USA. [Bohus, Dan; Horvitz, Eric] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA USA. [Carmichael, Ted; Hadzikadic, Mirsad] Univ N Carolina, Dept Software & Informat Syst, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Finlayson, Mark A.] MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Havasi, Catherine] MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kanda, Takayuki] ATR Intelligent Robot & Commun Labs, Kyoto, Japan. [Koyejo, Oluwasanmi] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lawless, William F.] Paine Coll, Dept Math, Augusta, GA USA. [Lawless, William F.] Paine Coll, Dept Psychol, Augusta, GA USA. [Lenat, Doug] Cycorp, Austin, TX USA. [Meneguzzi, Felipe; Oh, Jean] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Mutlu, Bilge] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pirrone, Roberto] Univ Palermo, Dept Comp Sci & Engn DINFO, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. [Sofge, Donald A.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sukthankar, Gita] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Van Durme, Benjamin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Yorke-Smith, Neil] Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Azevedo, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Educ & Counseling Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RI Kanda, Takayuki/I-5843-2016; OI Kanda, Takayuki/0000-0002-9546-5825; Meneguzzi, Felipe/0000-0003-3549-6168; Pirrone, Roberto/0000-0001-9453-510X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 742VR UT WOS:000288973900010 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Sapsford, KE Tan, WH Ligler, FS AF Smith, Joshua E. Sapsford, Kim E. Tan, Weihong Ligler, Frances S. TI Optimization of antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for target preconcentration and immunoassays SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Immunoassay; Magnetic nanoparticles; Total internal reflection fluorescence; Array Biosensor; Protein microarrays ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; FORCE DIFFERENTIATION; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; WARFARE AGENTS; BEADS; RECOGNITION; MICROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; PARTICLES AB Biosensors based on antibody recognition have a wide range of monitoring applications that apply to clinical, environmental, homeland security, and food problems. In an effort to improve the limit of detection of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Array Biosensor, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were designed and tested using a fluorescence-based array biosensor. The MNPs were coated with the fluorescently labeled protein, AlexaFluor647-chicken IgG (Alexa647-chick IgG). Antibody-labeled MNPs (Alexa647-chick-MNPs) were used to preconcentrate the target via magnetic separation and as the tracer to demonstrate binding to slides modified with anti-chicken IgG as a capture agent. A full optimization study of the antibody-modified MNPs and their use in the biosensor was performed. This investigation looked at the Alexa647-chick-MNP composition, MNP surface modifications, target preconcentration conditions, and the effect that magnetic extraction has on the Alexa647-chick-MNP binding with the array surface. The results demonstrate the impact of magnetic extraction using the MNPs labeled with fluorescent proteins both for target preconcentration and for subsequent integration into immunoassays performed under flow conditions for enhanced signal generation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Joshua E.; Tan, Weihong] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Res Bionano Interface, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Smith, Joshua E.; Tan, Weihong] Univ Florida, Shands Canc Ctr, UF Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Smith, Joshua E.; Tan, Weihong] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Smith, Joshua E.] Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Res Bionano Interface, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM joshua.smith@armstrong.edu; frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Tan, Weihong/A-5412-2008 OI Tan, Weihong/0000-0002-8066-1524 FU NRL 6.2 work unit [62123]; NSF/NIRT [EF-0304569] FX The work was supported by NRL 6.2 work unit 62123 and by NSF/NIRT Grant EF-0304569. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 64 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.005 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 713BZ UT WOS:000286711300018 PM 21078282 ER PT J AU Silver, AL Nimkin, K Ashland, JE Ghosh, SS van der Kouwe, AJW Brigger, MT Hartnick, CJ AF Silver, Amanda L. Nimkin, Katherine Ashland, Jean E. Ghosh, Satrajit S. van der Kouwe, Andre J. W. Brigger, Matthew T. Hartnick, Christopher J. TI Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Simultaneous Audio to Evaluate Pediatric Velopharyngeal Insufficiency SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VELI-PALATINI MUSCLE; CLEFT-PALATE; VIDEOFLUOROSCOPY; SPEECH; MRI; MOVEMENT; CHILDREN; CLOSURE; MOVIE; LIP AB Objective: To develop a protocol linking cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to simultaneously acquired audio recordings of specific phonatory tasks to evaluate velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in children. Design: Institutional review board approved development and application of a novel dynamic cine MR imaging protocol linked to simultaneously recorded audio. Setting: A tertiary care multidisciplinary pediatric airway center. Participants: Three healthy adult volunteers and 5 pediatric volunteers (age range, 9.3-18.9 years; mean age, 12.4 years) from the multidisciplinary pediatric airway center with VPI who previously had undergone nasopharyngoscopy, videofluoroscopy, or both. Interventions: Cine MR imaging with simultaneously acquired audio files was performed in 3 adult volunteers to optimize the protocol and then in 5 pediatric volunteers meeting the inclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measures: High-resolution cine MR images with clear intelligible audio recordings of specific phonatory tasks. Results: Using 3 healthy adult volunteers, a cine MR imaging VPI protocol was developed that links simultaneously acquired cine MR images to audio recordings of specific validated phonatory tasks. Five school-aged children with VPI from our multidisciplinary pediatric airway center were then enrolled and underwent cine MR imaging using this protocol. The cine MR images and audio recordings acquired were of sufficient diagnostic quality to evaluate VPI closure patterns in school-aged children with VPI. Conclusion: Cine MR imaging linked to audio is a quick, safe, and well-tolerated dynamic diagnostic imaging tool that may eventually have the potential to guide more precisely the selection and application of surgical techniques for VPI. C1 [Silver, Amanda L.; Hartnick, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Nimkin, Katherine] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ashland, Jean E.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Speech & Language Pathol,Speech Commun Grp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ghosh, Satrajit S.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [van der Kouwe, Andre J. W.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Silver, Amanda L.; Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM Christopher_Hartnick@meei.harvard.edu OI Ghosh, Satrajit/0000-0002-5312-6729 FU NIMH NIH HHS [R21 MH096559] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 BP 258 EP 263 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 739BY UT WOS:000288688500008 PM 21422310 ER PT J AU Clenney, TL McIntyre, NK Darrow, DH AF Clenney, Timothy L. McIntyre, Nicole K. Darrow, David H. TI Radiology Quiz Case 1 Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPS) SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR C1 [Clenney, Timothy L.; McIntyre, Nicole K.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Darrow, David H.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Clenney, TL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 BP 302 EP + PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 739BY UT WOS:000288688500016 PM 21422318 ER PT J AU Florea, C Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I AF Florea, Catalin Sanghera, Jasbinder Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Broadband beam steering using chalcogenide-based Risley prisms SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared beam steering; infrared countermeasures; Risley prism; chalcogenide glass; chromatic dispersion correction; thermal walk-off AB In this paper, we propose using chalcogenide glasses for improved, large-angle, beam steering of infrared radiation, with minimal spectral dispersion and improved thermal performance over wavelength intervals covering the 2 to 12-mu m range. For example, we evaluate that full-angle dispersion in the 2 to 5 mu m region for LiF/As(2)S(3) combination should be three times smaller than in the case of LiF/ZnS combination. We also evaluate that using the ZnSe/As(2)Se(3) combination will provide twice as small thermal walk-off than a similar ZnS/Ge system in the 8 to 12-mu m region. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3551503] C1 [Florea, Catalin] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Sanghera, Jasbinder; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Florea, C (reprint author), GTEC Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM catalin.florea@gtec-inc.com NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 AR 033001 DI 10.1117/1.3551503 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 742KW UT WOS:000288943200005 ER PT J AU Slegers, N Yakimenko, OA AF Slegers, N. Yakimenko, O. A. TI Terminal guidance of autonomous parafoils in high wind-to-airspeed ratios SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optimal control; parafoils; predictive control; trajectory optimization AB Autonomous precision placement of parafoils is challenging because of their limited control authority and sensitivity to winds. In particular, when wind speed is near the airspeed, guidance is further complicated by the parafoils inability to penetrate the wind. This article specifically addresses the terminal phase and develops an approach for generating optimal trajectories in real-time based on the inverse dynamics in the virtual domain. The method results in efficient solution of a two-point boundary-value problem using only a single optimization parameter allowing the trajectory to be generated at a high rate, mitigating effects of the unknown winds. It is shown through simulation and experimental results that the proposed algorithm works well even in strong winds and is robust to sensor errors and wind uncertainty. C1 [Slegers, N.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Yakimenko, O. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Slegers, N (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Technol Hall, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM slegers@mae.uah.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 225 IS G3 BP 336 EP 346 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO749 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 739MF UT WOS:000288721200008 ER PT J AU Byrne, BT Falzon, CC Johenk, PD Romero, SC AF Byrne, Brendan T. Falzon, Charles C. Johenk, Paul D. Romero, Steven C. TI Congenital pericardial cyst in a naval special warfare candidate; Clearance for diving after resection SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL MASSES; ASSISTED THORACIC-SURGERY; PARTIAL EROSION; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; THORACOSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; LESIONS AB Introduction: We report the case of a 19-year-old male military recruit who presented for a screening physical for U.S. Naval Special Warfare and Diving Duty. During his screening physical examination, an exophytic pericardial cyst was discovered. Subsequent work-up revealed normal cardiopulmonary function despite this large 7-cm mass, but the candidate was disqualified due to concerns regarding the risk of complications. He underwent successful elective surgical resection without post-operative complications. One year post-operatively, he repeated his cardiopulmonary work-up with normal results and successfully completed training. Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline. Keywords included pericardial/um, cyst, mediastinum, special operations, military, diving, thoracoscopy/ic resection. Results that included cases of pericardial cysts or other mediastinal tumors were included. Results: Review of the literature reveals that complications are rare and range widely in severity. Analysis of the physiology of diving, together with absence of reported cases, suggest that there is little to no increased risk in recreational scuba diving for subjects with asymptomatic lesions. While no cases of morbidity or mortality have been reported in elite athletes, the severe and repetitive trauma experienced by Special Operators raises clinical concern for these lesions. Conclusion: Because of the increased risk of morbidity and mortality in the Special Operations environment, clearance for duty should not be granted those individuals. However, in the general population, as well as with low-impact activities such as recreational scuba diving, periodic observation without resection seems reasonable. C1 [Byrne, Brendan T.; Falzon, Charles C.; Johenk, Paul D.] USN, Hlth Clin Great Lakes, Div Undersea Med, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Romero, Steven C.] USN, Hlth Clin Great Lakes, Div Cardiol, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Byrne, BT (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin Great Lakes, Div Undersea Med, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM brendan.byrne@med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DURHAM PA 21 WEST COLONY PLACE, STE 280, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 743OF UT WOS:000289027000008 PM 21510274 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Holmes, N AF Denning, Peter J. Holmes, Neville TI Computer Science: An Interview SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB Computing has its own paradigm, distinct from engineering or science. C1 [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Holmes, Neville] Univ Tasmania, Sch Comp & Informat Syst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; neville.holmes@utas.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 BP 96 EP 95 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 738ZT UT WOS:000288681900024 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Miller, WD Smith, GB Bowles, JH AF Marmorino, George O. Miller, W. D. Smith, Geoffrey B. Bowles, Jeffrey H. TI Airborne imagery of a disintegrating Sargassum drift line SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Sargassum; Rafting macroalgae; Hyperspectral imagery; Remote sensing reflectance; Infrared imagery; Florida Current, USA ID PELAGIC SARGASSUM; OCEAN COLOR; LAYER; BAND AB Airborne hyperspectral and thermal infrared imagery collected over the Florida Current provide a view of the disintegration of a Sargassum drift line in 5 m s(-1) winds. The drift line consists mostly of rafts 20-80 m(2) in size, though aggregations larger than 1000 m(2) also occur. Rafts tend to be elongated, curved in the upwind direction, and 0.1-0.5 degrees C warmer than the surrounding ocean surface. Long weed 'trails' extending upwind from the rafts are evidence of plants dropping out and being left behind more rapidly drifting rafts. The raft line may be a remnant of an earlier Sargassum frontal band, which is detectible as an upwind thermal front and areas of submerged weed. Issues are identified that require future field measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Miller, W. D.] USN, Computat Phys Inc, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Computat Phys Inc, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil OI Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was made possible through the support of the Office of Naval Research and conducted under Naval Research Laboratory projects 72-9201 and 72-6734. NRL contribution NRL/JA/7230-10-0260. We thank Dr. Martin Thiel and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.01.001 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 738JH UT WOS:000288635600009 ER PT J AU Brady, RR AF Brady, Ryan R. TI MEASURING THE DIFFUSION OF HOUSING PRICES ACROSS SPACE AND OVER TIME SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID MONETARY-POLICY; PANEL-DATA; ERROR-COMPONENTS; CALIFORNIA; MARKETS; MODELS AB How fast and how long (and to what magnitude) does a change in housing prices in one region affect its neighbors? In this paper, I apply a time series technique for measuring impulse response functions from local projections to a spatial autoregressive model of housing prices. For a dynamic panel of California counties, the data reveal that the diffusion of regional housing prices across space lasts up to two and half years. This result, and the econometric techniques employed, should be of interest not only to housing and regional economists, but to a variety of applied econometricians as well. Copyright. (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brady, RR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd,Mail Stop 10D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbrady@usna.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0883-7252 J9 J APPL ECONOMET JI J. Appl. Econom. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 213 EP 231 DI 10.1002/jae.1118 PG 19 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 724SS UT WOS:000287597100003 ER PT J AU Salzbrenner, S Breeden, A Jarvis, S Rodriguez, W AF Salzbrenner, Stephen Breeden, April Jarvis, Sandra Rodriguez, William TI A 48-Year-Old Woman Primigravid via In Vitro Fertilization With Severe Bipolar Depression and Preeclampsia Treated Successfully With Electroconvulsive Therapy SO JOURNAL OF ECT LA English DT Article DE electroconvulsive; ECT; pregnancy; bipolar; depression; advanced maternal age ID MATERNAL AGE; PREGNANCY AB Depression in pregnancy is difficult to treat due to potential adverse effects of medication on both the fetus and the mother. This is further complicated in older women, women with severe or treatment-resistant mental illness, and women with medical complications. Bipolar disorder can present with mania or depression and carries significant risk of impairment, including suicide. In addition, maternal depression adversely affects the development of the child. Depression during pregnancy is especially dangerous and can lead to suicide or infanticide. Treatment is critical. However, medication can present significant risks to the fetus. Therefore, conservative treatment is often the rule. However, especially severe cases require more aggressive approaches. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one relatively safe and effective option in these complex situations. This case describes a 48 year-old woman, pregnant via in vitro fertilization, with preeclampsia and severe treatment-resistant bipolar depression who responded well to ECT without significant adverse effects to herself or her child. This case highlights the effectiveness of ECT to treat maternal bipolar depression and is the only case, to our knowledge, of the use of ECT after in vitro fertilization in an older primigravid woman. C1 [Salzbrenner, Stephen; Breeden, April; Jarvis, Sandra; Rodriguez, William] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Salzbrenner, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM ssalz@cox.net NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1095-0680 J9 J ECT JI J. ECT PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP E1 EP E3 DI 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181ca4d22 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA 726CU UT WOS:000287697100001 PM 21343708 ER PT J AU Damjanov, I Abraham, RG Glazebrook, K McGregor, P Rigaut, F McCarthy, PJ Brinchmann, J Cuillandre, JC Mellier, Y McCracken, HJ Hudelot, P Monet, D AF Damjanov, Ivana Abraham, Roberto G. Glazebrook, Karl McGregor, Peter Rigaut, Francois McCarthy, Patrick J. Brinchmann, Jarle Cuillandre, Jean-Charles Mellier, Yannick McCracken, Henry Joy Hudelot, Patrick Monet, David TI Extragalactic Fields Optimized for Adaptive Optics SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID FORMATION RATE DENSITY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; FAINT BLUE GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; FORMING GALAXIES AB In this article we present the coordinates of 67 55' x 55' patches of sky that have the rare combination of both high stellar surface density (>= 0.5 arcmin(-2) with 13 < R < 16.5 mag) and low extinction (E(B - V)<=.0.1). These fields are ideal for adaptive-optics-based follow-up of extragalactic targets. One region of sky, situated near Baade's Window, contains most of the patches we have identified. Our optimal field, centered at R.A.: 7(h)24(m)3(s), decl.: -1 degrees 27'15 '', has an additional advantage of being accessible from both hemispheres. We propose a figure of merit for quantifying real-world adaptive optics performance and use this to analyze the performance of multiconjugate adaptive optics in these fields. We also compare our results with those that would be obtained in existing deep fields. In some cases adaptive optics observations undertaken in the fields given in this article would be orders of magnitude more efficient than equivalent observations undertaken in existing deep fields. C1 [Damjanov, Ivana; Abraham, Roberto G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Glazebrook, Karl] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [McGregor, Peter] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Inst Adv Studies, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Rigaut, Francois] AURA, So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [McCarthy, Patrick J.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Brinchmann, Jarle] Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Brinchmann, Jarle] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Cuillandre, Jean-Charles] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Mellier, Yannick; McCracken, Henry Joy; Hudelot, Patrick] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Monet, David] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Damjanov, I (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RI Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015 OI Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX I. D. and R. G. A. thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Government of Ontario, and the Canada Foundation for Innovation for funding. We thank Sidney van den Bergh, Chuck Steidel, and Thierry Contini for interesting discussions. This work is based in part on data products produced at the TeraPIX data center located at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 123 IS 901 BP 348 EP 365 DI 10.1086/658931 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 738IN UT WOS:000288633600008 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Lepping, RP AF Wu, Chin-Chun Lepping, R. P. TI Statistical Comparison of Magnetic Clouds with Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections for Solar Cycle 23 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic storm; Interplanetary coronal mass ejection; Magnetic cloud; Solar cycle ID INTER-PLANETARY SHOCK; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD STRUCTURE; DRIVER GAS; 1 AU; WIND; CMES; PARAMETER AB We compare the number and characteristics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) to those of magnetic clouds (MCs) by using in-situ solar wind plasma and magnetic field observations made at 1 AU during solar cycle 23. We found that approximate to 28% of ICMEs appear to contain MCs, since 103 magnetic clouds (MCs) occurred during 1995 - 2006, and 307 ICMEs occurred during 1996-2006. For the period between 1996 and 2006, 85 MCs are identified as part of ICMEs, and six MCs are not associated with ICMEs, which conflicts with the idea that MCs are usually a subset of ICMEs. It was also found that solar wind conditions inside MCs and ICMEs are usually similar, but the linear correlation between geomagnetic storm intensity (Dst(min)) and relevant solar wind parameters is better for MCs than for ICMEs. The differences between average event duration (At) and average proton plasma beta () are two of the major differences between MCs and ICMEs: i) the average duration of ICMEs (29.6 h) is 44% longer than for MCs (20.6 hours), and ii) the average of is 0.01 for MCs and 0.24 for ICMEs. The difference between the definition of a MC and that for an ICME is one of the major reasons for these average characteristics being different (i.e., listed above as items i) and ii)), and it is the reason for the frequency of their occurrences being different. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lepping, R. P.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Chin-Chun.Wu@NRL.Navy.mil; Ronald.P.Lepping@gmail.com FU NASA [NNH09AM46I] FX We wish to thank the team at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan for providing the Dst data, and the NSSDC at Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA for providing Wind and ACE data. This work was supported by the NASA "Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology program" under grant number NNH09AM46I. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 269 IS 1 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9684-3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 738FZ UT WOS:000288626700010 ER PT J AU Hakre, S Peel, SA O'Connell, RJ Sanders-Buell, EE Jagodzinski, LL Eggleston, JC Myles, O Waterman, PE McBride, RH Eader, SA Davis, KW Rentas, FJ Sateren, WB Naito, NA Tobler, SK Tovanabutra, S Petruccelli, BP McCutchan, FE Michael, NL Cersovsky, SB Scott, PT AF Hakre, Shilpa Peel, Sheila A. O'Connell, Robert J. Sanders-Buell, Eric E. Jagodzinski, Linda L. Eggleston, John C. Myles, Otha Waterman, Paige E. McBride, Richard H. Eader, Scott A. Davis, Kenneth W. Rentas, Francisco J. Sateren, Warren B. Naito, Neal A. Tobler, Steven K. Tovanabutra, Sodsai Petruccelli, Bruno P. McCutchan, Francine E. Michael, Nelson L. Cersovsky, Steven B. Scott, Paul T. TI Transfusion-transmissible viral infections among US military recipients of whole blood and platelets during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PREVALENCE; SYSTEM; WAR AB BACKGROUND: Current US military clinical practice guidelines permit emergency transfusions of non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-compliant freshly collected blood products in theaters of war. This investigation aimed to characterize the risks of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) associated with battlefield transfusions of non-FDA-compliant blood products. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: US Service members who received emergency transfusion products in Iraq and Afghanistan (March 1, 2002-September 30, 2007) were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections using reposed pre- and posttransfusion sera. Selected regions of viral genomes from epidemiologically linked infected recipients and their donors were sequenced and compared. RESULTS: Of 761 US Service members who received emergency transfusion products, 475 were tested for HCV, 472 for HIV, and 469 for HBV. One transfusion-transmitted HCV infection (incidence rate of 2.1/1000 persons) was identified. The pretransfusion numbers (prevalence per 1000 persons) were HCV-four (8/1000), HIV-zero (0/1000), chronic HBV-two (4/1000), and naturally immune (antibody to HBV core antigen)-nine (19/1000). CONCLUSION: One HCV TTI was determined to be associated with emergency blood product use. The pretransfusion HCV and HBV prevalence in transfusion recipients, themselves members of the potential donor population, indicates better characterization of the deployed force's actual donor population, and further investigations of the TTI prevalence in these donors are needed. These data will inform countermeasure development and clinical decision making. C1 Armed Serv Blood Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Blood Program, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. US Cent Command, Joint Blood Program Off, Tampa, FL USA. [Hakre, Shilpa] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hakre, S (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1 Taft Court,Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM shakre@hivresearch.org FU United States Public Health Command (Provisional), formerly the United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine FX This work was supported by funds from the United States Public Health Command (Provisional), formerly the United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 3 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02906.x PG 13 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 732DZ UT WOS:000288166200007 PM 20946199 ER PT J AU Wessman, DE Blanchard, DG Kahn, AM AF Wessman, Dylan E. Blanchard, Daniel G. Kahn, Andrew M. TI Elongated Eustachian Valve Dividing the Right Atrium SO ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE eustachian valve; patent foramen ovale; right atrium AB A 64-year-old man underwent transthoracic echocardiography after a syncopal event. Two-dimensional imaging demonstrated a linear density that appeared to divide the right atrium. Color doppler imaging demonstrated that inflow from the inferior vena cava, but not from the superior vena cava, was obstructed by this density. Injection of agitated saline through an upper extremity vein demonstrated that the linear density did create a functional separation of the right atrium. The contrast material also crossed the interatrial septum within two cardiac cycles. This constellation of findings is consistent with an elongated eustachian valve and a patent foramen ovale. (Echocardiography 2011;28:E53-E55). C1 [Wessman, Dylan E.] USN, Dept Cardiol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Blanchard, Daniel G.; Kahn, Andrew M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Wessman, DE (reprint author), USN, Dept Cardiol, San Diego Med Ctr, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 303, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM dylan.wessman@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0742-2822 J9 ECHOCARDIOGR-J CARD JI Echocardiography-J. Cardiovasc. Ultrasound Allied Tech. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP E53 EP E55 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01297.x PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 736MU UT WOS:000288499600003 PM 21314843 ER PT J AU Strom, KH Derweesh, I Stroup, SP Malcolm, JB L'Esperance, J Wake, RW Gold, R Fabrizio, M Palazzi-Churas, K Gu, XA Wong, C AF Strom, Kurt H. Derweesh, Ithaar Stroup, Sean P. Malcolm, John B. L'Esperance, James Wake, Robert W. Gold, Robert Fabrizio, Michael Palazzi-Churas, Kerrin Gu, Xiao Wong, Carson TI Recurrence Rates After Percutaneous and Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation of Small Renal Masses: Does the Approach Make a Difference? SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE; UNITED-STATES; TUMORS; ABLATION; METAANALYSIS; CARCINOMA; CM AB Background and Purpose: As radiologic detection of small renal masses increases, patients are increasingly offered percutaneous renal cryoablation (PRC) or transperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation (TLRC). This multicenter experience compares these approaches. Patients and Methods: Between September 1998 and May 2010, review of our PRC and TLRC experience was performed. Patients with >= 12-month follow-up were included for analysis. Post-treatment surveillance consisted of laboratory studies and imaging at regular intervals. Treatment failure was considered if persistent mass enhancement or interval tumor growth was radiographically evident. Repeated biopsy and re-treatment were recommended in the event of recurrence. Results: Sixty-one patients underwent PRC and 84 patients underwent TLRC. No significant differences were noted with respect to demographic factors. Mean tumor size was 2.7 +/- 1.1 cm (PRC) and 2.5 +/- 0.8 (TLRC) cm (P = 0.090). Mean follow-up was 31.0 +/- 15.9 months (PRC) and 42.3 +/- 21.2 (TLRC) months (P = 0.008), with local tumor recurrence noted in 10/61 (16.4%) PRC and 5/84 (5.9%) TLRC (P = 0.042). For PRC, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 93.7% and 88.9%, respectively, with four patients having evidence of disease at last follow-up. DFS and OS were 91.7% and 89.3% for TLRC, with seven patients having evidence of disease at last follow-up. DFS (P = 0.654) and OS (P = 0.939) were similar. Conclusions: In this multicenter study of well-matched cohorts, PRC had higher primary treatment failure rates than TLRC. While no differences were noted between DFS and OS, analysis is limited by intermediate follow-up. Further study is necessary to discern reasons for the higher recurrence rates in PRC and to determine what long-term consequences exist. C1 [Strom, Kurt H.; Gu, Xiao; Wong, Carson] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Derweesh, Ithaar; Stroup, Sean P.; Palazzi-Churas, Kerrin] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Malcolm, John B.; Wake, Robert W.; Gold, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Memphis, TN USA. [L'Esperance, James] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Fabrizio, Michael] Sentara Hlth Care, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Strom, KH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, 920 Stanton L Young Blvd,WP 3150, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM kurt-strom@ouhsc.edu NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1089/end.2010.0239 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 734VP UT WOS:000288368400002 PM 21355776 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Sprintall, J Riedlinger, SN Arnone, RA Shinoda, T Xu, XB AF Hurlburt, Harley E. Metzger, E. Joseph Sprintall, Janet Riedlinger, Shelley N. Arnone, Robert A. Shinoda, Toshiaki Xu, Xiaobia TI Circulation in the Philippine Archipelago Simulated by 1/12 degrees and 1/25 degrees Global HYCOM and EAS NCOM SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SULU SEA; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; TIDES AB Three ocean models, 1/25 degrees global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), 1/12 degrees global HYCOM, and East Asian Seas Navy Coastal Ocean Model (EAS NCOM) nested in global NCOM, were used to provide a global context for simulation of the circulation within the Philippine Archipelago as part of the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx). The Philippine Archipelago provides two significant secondary routes for both the Indonesian throughflow and the western boundary current of the Pacific northern tropical gyre. The deeper route enters the archipelago from the north through Mindoro Strait, after passing through Luzon Strait and the South China Sea. The second route enters directly from the Pacific via the shallow Surigao Strait and passes through Dipolog Strait downstream of the Bohol Sea. Both pathways exit via Sibutu Passage and the adjacent Sulu Archipelago along the southern edge of the Sulu Sea, and both are deeper than the pathway into the Indonesian Archipelago via Karimata Strait in the Java Sea. Within the Philippine Archipelago, these pathways make the dominant contribution to the mean circulation and much of its variability, while their outflow contributes to the flow through Makassar Strait, the primary conduit of the Indonesian throughflow, at all depths above the Sibutu Passage sill. Because of the narrow straits and small interior seas, the simulations are very sensitive to model resolution (4.4 km in 1/25 degrees global HYCOM, 8.7 km in 1/12 degrees global HYCOM, and 9.6 km in EAS NCOM in this latitude range) and to topographic errors, especially sill depths. The model simulations for 2004 and 2008 (the latter the central year of the PhilEx observational program) show extreme opposite anomalous years with anomalously strong southward Mindoro transport in 2004 and mean northward transport in 2008, but with little effect on the Surigao-Dipolog transport. Satellite altimetry verified the associated HYCOM sea surface height anomalies in the western tropical Pacific and the South China Sea during these extreme years. A 15-month (December 2007 March 2009) PhilEx mooring in Mindoro Strait measured velocity nearly top to bottom at a location close to the sill. The 1/12 degrees global HYCOM, which showed the strongest flow above 200 m lay west of the mooring, was used to adjust a Mindoro transport estimate from the mooring data for cross-sectional distribution of the velocity, giving 0.24 Sv northward over the anomalous observational period. The results from the observational period were then used to adjust the 2004-2009 model transport, giving a mean of 0.95 Sv southward. The 1/25 degrees global HYCOM simulated the observed four-layer flow in Dipolog Strait and the vigorous and persistent cyclonic gyre in the western Bohol Sea, observed during all four PhilEx cruises and in ocean color imagery. This gyre was poorly simulated by the two models with 9 km resolution. Finally, a 1/12 degrees global HYCOM simulation with tides generated the hydrostatic aspect of the internal tides within the Philippine Archipelago, including a strong internal tidal beam initiated at Sibutu Passage and observed crossing the Sulu Sea. C1 [Hurlburt, Harley E.; Metzger, E. Joseph; Riedlinger, Shelley N.; Arnone, Robert A.; Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Xu, Xiaobia] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Hurlburt, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM harley.hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU Office of Naval Research [601153N, N00014-06-1-0690]; US Defense Department FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under 6.1 program element 601153N, primarily via the Philippine Straits Dynamics Experiment (PhilEx), a 6.1 Directed Research Initiative, but also via the 6.1 projects "Dynamics of the Indonesian through-flow (ITF) and its remote impact" and "Global remote littoral forcing via deep water pathways" and by the 6.2 project "Full column mixing for numerical ocean models" (program element 602435N). The PhilEx DRI effort of J. Sprintall was supported by ONR Award N00014-06-1-0690. The computational effort was supported by the US Defense Department High Performance Computing Modernization Program via grants of challenge and non-challenge computer time. We thank PhilEx participant Chris Jackson for providing the MODIS sunglint image used in Figure 8. This is contribution NRL/JA/7304-10-419 and has been approved for public release. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 28 EP 47 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 733AY UT WOS:000288234000004 ER EF